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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. Box 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201 DAVID MCCOY
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
'tr?fA qp
November 30, 1999, -""?
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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
P.O. Box 1890`
Wilmington, NC 28402-1890
ATTENTION: Mr. David Timpy
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
Subject: New Hanover County, Smith Creek Parkway ( ection C), TIP No. U-92C,
State Project Number 8.2250101. COE Action ID Number 199300597
Enclosed please find copies of the final mitigation plan, design sheets, and planting
plan for the Bridge Maintenance Mitigation Site. This site is located in Wilmington_ New
Hanover County, and will serve as partial mitigation for U-92C (Smith Creek Parkway). The
balance of the mitigation requirements for Section C have already been constructed or
acquired (Spring Branch Site and Finley-McMillan Site).
The Bridge Maintenance Site was originally planned to be partial mitigation for
Sections A and B of the Smith Creek Parkway, with the Smith Creek Mitigation Site serving
as mitigation for Section C. However, difficulties in obtaining access to the Smith Creek Site
and contractual problems prevented that site from being constructed in time to meet the
permit conditions for U-92C. A modification of Special Condition (d) of the permit was
therefore issued (by letter dated October 5, 1999) allowing the NCDOT to use the Bridge
Maintenance Site as partial mitigation for U-92C.
2
This site will be constructed in two phases. Phase One will encompass the majority of
the site (5.76 acres), and involves grading and planting up to the right-of-way limits for the
proposed Smith Creek Parkway- Section A. Construction of this phase will begin in October
1999, and will be graded and planted by June 15, 2000. Phase Two will involve the
remainder of the site (0.63 acre) inside the right-of-way boundary up to approximately ten feet
outside of the fill slope, and will be completed during construction of Section A of the Smith
Creek Parkway.
If you have any questions or need additional information please call Ms. Sue Brady at
[phone].
Sincerely,

William D. Gilmore. P.E.. Manager
6 Proiect Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
WDG/sgb
Attachments
cc: Mr. David Franklin. COE. WilminQtor
Mr. John Dorney. Division of Water Quality
Mr. David Cox. NCWRC
Ms. Kathy Matthews. EP.,".
Mr. John Hefner. I ?SFWS
Mr. Ron Sechler, NMFS
Mr. P. A. Wojciechowski, DMF
Mr. N. L. Graf, P.E.. FHWA
Mr. John Alford. P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Calvin LeQQett. P.E:. Program Development
Ms. Deborah Barbour, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. A. L. Hankins, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. William Rogers, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. D. J. Bowers, P.E., Division 3 Engineer

Bridge Maintenance Site
Compensatory Mitigation Plan
Smith Creek Parkway
New Hanover County
TIP Project Number U-92C
State Project Number 8.2250 "1COE Action ID.Number 199300597
Prepared By:
Natural Systems Unit
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Raleigh, North Carolina
November 30, 1999
1.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) proposes to
construct the Bridge Maintenance Mitigation Site as partial on-site mitigation for
unavoidable wetland impacts resulting from the construction of Section C of the Smith
Creek Parkway (extending from NC 132 to Twenty-third Street) in the City of
Wilmington (TIP No. U-92C). This section of the Parkway, which was completed in
spring of 1999, consists of a 2.9-mile four-lane divided roadway with a 22-foot-wide
median. The environmental impacts of the project have been addressed in several
documents, most recently the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
(FHWA, 1991).
2.0 IMPACTED WETLAND RESOURCES
2.1 Methodology
Impacted jurisdictional wetlands within the U-92C corridor were delineated using
the parameters provided in the "Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (1987
Manual)" (DOA 1987). and confirmed by the US Army Corps of Engineers in August
1995.
2.2 Affected Environment
A total of 20.40 acres of jurisdictional wetlands were impacted by the
construction of Section C of the Smith Creek Parkway. These wetlands consisted of 9.32
acres of Swamp Forest, 7.51 acres of Pocosin, 3.46 acres of Bottomland Wetland, and
0.11 acre of Headwater Forest. These communities have been described in the Wetland
Delineation Report for the project (Resource Southeast, Ltd., 1995).
Some compensatory mitigation has already been provided for this project, in the
Spring Branch and Finley-McMillan Mitigation Sites. The Spring Branch Site consists of
8 acres of bottomland hardwood restoration and 3 acres of wetland preservation, and is
located near College Road in Wilmington, adjacent to Section C of the Smith Creek
Parkway. The Finley-McMillan Site consists of 102 acres of pocosin preservation, and is
located in Pender County. Both of these sites have been acquired, and the restored area
of the Spring Branch Site is in its second year of monitoring.
3.0 BRIDGE MAINTENANCE MITIGATION SITE
3.1 Site Description
This site is approximately 6.4 acres in size and is located between Smith Creek
and Division Drive (Figure 1). Most of this site probably consisted of wetlands in the
past, but has been impacted by filling, use as a storage place for construction and wood
products debris, and as a docking/maintenance area for barges. The precise extent and
depth of fill is unknown, although surveys and soil tests indicate that there may be as
much as 15 feet of fill material in the southern part of the site, thinning to less than 5 feet
in the northern part. Preliminary tests indicate that the soil may be contaminated with
materials such as oil and lead, and remedial treatment of the groundwater may be
necessary. Soils in this area are mapped as Urban, indicating disturbance from
development so that the soil properties have been altered to the extent that a soil series
cannot be recognized (USDA, 1977).
Vegetation currently on this site includes weedy species such as fescue (Festuca
spp.), henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata),
dandelion (Taraxacum off vale), geranium (Geranium spp.), vetch (Vicia spp.). verbena
(Verbena bonariensis), red clover (Trifolium pratense), blackberry (Rubus spp.), and
silverling (Baccharis halimifolia).
The wetlands in the area immediately adjacent to the Bridge Maintenance
Mitigation Site are classified as Tidal Cypress-Gum Swamp, which is the target
community type for the restoration/creation effort. The vegetation in this community
includes bald cypress (Taxodium distichum), willow oak (Ouercus laurifolia), sweetgum
(Liquidambar styraciflua), giant cordgrass (Spartina cynosuroides), wild rice (Zizania
aquatica). cattails (Typha angustfolia), muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia), greenbrier
(Smilax rotundifolia), and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). Soils in this area
are mapped as Dorovan, which is a hydric soil.
4.0 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
The goal of wetland mitigation at the Bridge Maintenance Site is the restoration
of portions of the historic flood plain associated with Smith Creek. This will be
accomplished by restoring approximately 4.0 acres of Tidal Cypress-Gum Swamp
wetlands that have been destroyed by the placement of various fill materials on the site as
well as creation of 2.4 acres of Cypress-Gum Swamp in areas of the site that were
historically upland areas. Restoration of the historical hydrologic regime in this area and
subsequent improvement and/or maintenance of water quality in the Smith Creek
watershed is expected to partially offset impacts resulting from road construction and
other urban development.
4.1.2 Hydrologic Restoration
Approximately 4.0 acres of Cypress-Gum Swamp will be restored by the removal
of fill material from the site and grading to an elevation of 2.5 feet, similar to that of the
surrounding areas of unfilled wetlands. In addition, approximately 2.4 acres of Cypress-
Gum Swamp will be created in areas of the site that were historically upland areas. Prior
to grading activities, soil borings will be made to determine the depth and composition of
the fill over the restoration area. Also, possible soil compaction in the original
underlying soil profile will be determined and appropriate measures will be undertaken
during the grading to correct this condition, should it be encountered. If it is determined
that subsidence of the original soil occurred as a result of placement of fill, the area will
be restored to its original elevation with soils capable of supporting tree growth. In
addition, a system of swales will be created throughout the site, draining into Smith
Creek. This will prevent ponding in the area and result in the restoration of a forested
wetland community. Any debris-type material uncovered during excavation will be
removed to an off-site upland location, and the site backfilled with suitable material.
Data collected from an on-site surface water gauge between October 1996 and
November 1997 indicates that an elevation of 2.5 feet above sea level will result in
surface flooding 37% of the time. As this is the elevation of nearby, unfilled wetlands,
the final elevation of the mitigation site will be 2.5 feet. The system of swales will have a
minimum elevation of 1.0 foot at Smith Creek, becoming progressively shallower farther
from the creek, with the sides of the swales having a 6:1 slope.
4.1.3 Plant Community Restoration
After grading is complete, a vegetative community will be established in the
restored area that matches, as closely as possible, adjacent undisturbed areas. Although
bald cypress and water tupelo were originally co-dominant on the site, it is proposed that
bald cypress will be the only tree species planted in the restoration area, at a density of
108 trees per acre. Changes in the hydrologic regime of Smith Creek (increased tida:
amplitude and natural sea level rise), as well as increased salinity in the area, have
resulted in the loss of water tupelo and a significant reduction in the density of bald
cypress from much of the Tidal Cypress-Gum Swamp community around Smith Creek
(Hackney and Yelverton, 1990). Trees at least 1.5 feet tall will be utilized for planting in
the restoration area. This will allow the crowns to remain above the elevation of the
highest tides and help to increase their chance of survival.
Herbaceous marsh vegetation such as big cordgrass (Spartina cynosuroides) and
sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) will be planted between the trees over the whole site, at a
density of approximately 4840 plants per acre. It may be necessary to plant a 75:25 mix
of Spartina:Cladium, rather than 50:50, due to difficulty in obtaining Cladium.
Colonization by other native species is expected to result in the development of species
composition in the restoration area similar to that of the relatively undisturbed flood plain
of Smith Creek.
5.0 MONITORING PLAN
5.1 Hydrology
Water level data already collected. from this site indicates that an elevation of 2.5
feet above sea level will result in flooding 37% of the time. In order to ensure that the
site accomplishes this, the elevations of a series of points located throughout the site will
be measured after grading is complete. A surface water gauge will be installed on the site
to confirm the period of flooding. This gauge will record the depth of water on the site
every hour for one growing season.
5.2 Vegetation
Emergent herbaceous vegetation monitoring of the site will utilize a system of
sample plots randomly located within the previously delineated restoration area, using
GPS software and different coordinates each year. The location of the sample plots in the
field will be determined using real-time GPS. Sampling will take place at the end of the
growing season. Construction, planting, and monitorinj of this site will take place in two
phases, as described in Section 7.0. A total of 88 1.0-m sample plots will be located in
Phase One, and 10 1.0-m2 plots in Phase Two.
Bald cypress monitoring will utilize two 30.5 x 30.5 m (100.0 x 100.0 ft)
sampling plots. These plots will be placed within the planted areas of Phase One, and the
total number of live trees within the plot counted during each monitoring period.
In order to assess the success of the site, sample plots will be taken in the planted
marsh areas. Specific success criteria for the marsh restoration will be frequency of
emergent herbaceous vegetation, determined by using the Braun-Blanquet Technique (see
Appendix 1). Frequency will be determined by F= n,,/ny, where F= frequency, nX the
number of plots where emergent herbaceous vegetation occurs, and n,,= total number of
plots. Abundance will be determined by A=EBB/n,. where ab.:ndan, :C, EBB = the sum
of Braun-Blanquet scale values for all plots, and n,= total number of plots. Density will
be determined by D= EBB/n, where D= density, EBB = the sum of Braun-Blanquet scale
values for all plots, and n= the total number of plots. The site will be considered a
success if the calculated value for frequency is greater than or equal to 80% by the
end of the fifth growing season. If frequency falls below 70% at the end of any growing
season, transplanting will be undertaken to reestablish the transplants. If Phragmites
australis appears in any monitoring period, in more than five sampling plots, then the
Department of Transportation will consult with the Corps of Engineers to develop
potential control measures.
The site will be considered a success for the bald cypress if there are 50 five-year-
old trees per acre after the end of the fifth growing season. As mentioned above. changes
in the hydrology of Smith Creek have caused the decline in natural bald cypress
populations, and it is uncertain if the planted bald cypress trees will survive. If the bald
cypress survivorship declines to below the success criteria, then the Department of
Transportation will consult with the Corps of Engineers to determine appropriate action,
if any.
6.0 MITIGATION CREDIT RATIOS
NCDOT proposes to provide partial compensatory mitigation for unavoidable
impacts to wetlands resulting from the construction of TIP Project Number U-92C
through restoration of 4.0 acres and creation of 2.4 acres of Tidal Cypress-Gum Swamp
and Tidal Freshwater Marsh on the Bridge Maintenance Site adjacent to the Smith Creek
Parkway.
7.0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
This site will be constructed in two phases. Phase One will encompass the
majority of the site (5.76 acres), and involves grading and planting up to the right-of-way
limits for the proposed Smith Creek Parkway-'Section A. Construction of this phase will
begin in October 1999, and will be graded and planted by June 15, 2000. Phase Two will
involve the remainder of the site (0.63 acre) inside the right-of-way boundary up to
approximately ten feet outside of the fill slope, and will be completed during construction
of Section A of the Smith Creek Parkway.
8.0 AS-BUILT REPORT AND DRAWINGS
As-built descriptions, photographs, and construction plans describing the Bridge
Maintenance Mitigation Site will be provided to the appropriate regulatory agencies
within 90 days after the mitigation nroiect is completed. This information will include,
but not be limited to, descriptions of vegetation establishment, vegetation monitoring plot
locations, and final ground elevations.
9.0 ANNUAL REPORT PREPARATION AND SUBMITTAL
An annual report for the Bridge Maintenance Mitigation Site, including
photographs (or copies thereof). will be prepared annually after field monitoring activities
are completed. Vegetation and hydrologic data will be included in this report, as well as
information on any significant developments on the site. A copy of the mitigation plan
will be attached to each report.
Copies of this report will be submitted to the appropriate regulatory agencies by
Januan- 31 of each year following monitoring for five years (or until success criteria are
demonstrated) after planting the mitigation site. Phase 1 and Phase 2 will be monitored
separately for five years, beginning after construction and planting of each is complete.
10.0 CONTINGENCY PLANS
Establishment of cypress trees over the restoration area of the Bridge
Maintenance Mitigation Site is proposed, although there is evidence that they may not
survive because of increases in salinity, tidal amplitude, and sea level (Hackney and
Yelverton, 1990). Consequently, if cypress mortality occurs and the area develops into
an emergent marsh community, the vegetational success criteria will be based on
emergent marsh vegetation.
Should noxious plant species become established on the Bridge Maintenance site,
NCDOT will undertake appropriate control measures using accepted chemical,
biological, and/or cultural methods.
11.0 DISPENSATION OF PROPERTY
NCDOT will maintain ownership of the mitigation properties until all mitigation
activities are completed. Although no final plan for dispensation of the properties has
been developed, NCDOT may deed the properties to a resource agency (public or private)
acceptable to the appropriate regulatory agencies. Covenants and/or restrictions on the
deeds will be included that will ensure adequate management and/or protection of the
sites in perpetuity.
12.0 REFERENCES CITED
Department of the Army (DOA). 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineatio..
Manual. Tech. Rpt. 87-1, Waterways Experiment Station, COE. vicksbu:-.
Mississippi.
FHWA, 1991. Final Supplemental Environmental Impact, Smith Creek Parkway and
Downtown Spur, Wiimington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. TIP Project
No. U-92C, State Project Number 8.2250102, Federal Project No. M-5851(2).
Hackney, C. T., and G. F. Yelverton. 1990. Effects of Human Activities and Sea Level
Rise on Wetland Ecosystems in the Cape Fear River Estuary, North Carolina,
USA. pp. 55-61. In: Whigman, D. F., ed. Wetland Ecology and Management:
Case Studies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
Resource Southeast, Ltd. 1995. Wetland Delineation Report, Proposed Section C and tint
23`d Street Connecter. Smith Creek Parkway.
Schafale. Michael P.. and Alan S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural
Communities of North Carolina, Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural
Heritage Program, Division of Parks and Recreation. NC Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources.
U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1977. Soil Survey of New Hanover County,
North Carolina. USDA Soil Conservation Service.
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DRAFT 3-17-99
Attachment I
Emergent Marsh Mitigation: Site Monitoring Surveys
Using Random Sampling with Geographical Information Systems (GIS),
Geographical Positioning Systems (GPS) and the Braun-Blanquet Method to
Estimate Frequency(Survival) and Percent Cover
The National Marine Fisheries Service and the US Army Corps of Engineers (COE) collaborated
to collect and analysis data from the COE's Reserve Center Marsh Mitigation Site (size = 2.6
acres) located in the Newport River, just north of the North Carolina State Port. The objective
was to develop a scientifically valid vegetative sampling procedure for marsh mitigation site:
High variability in the vegetative cover often characterizes newiy constructed marsh mitigation
sites. The number of samples and sample plot size to provide a statistically valid sampling
procedure was determined using a Monte Carlo Simulation Model. Moreover, the use of G;.
software and GPS technology was determined to be a practical and efficient method of mapping
the site and locating the sample plots with a reasonable amount of effortby the monitoring team.
Based on this study our recommendations are as follows:
1. Sample plot size is one square meter. We recommend constructing the sampling apparatus .
with PVC pipe.
2.. Forty (40) sample plots are examined for each 2.6-acres of project area. Pending additional
data collection, a simple ratio can be used to determine the number of sample for sites larger than
2.6-acres. For example, an 8-acre site will require 123 sample plots.
3. Pending additional data collection, we recommend a minimum of 30 sample plots for projects
less than 2.6-acres regardless of the size area sampled.
4. A GIS data base may be used to map the coordinates for the perimeter of the area to be
sampled.
5. GIS software may be used to generates coordinates for the centers of a meter square grid
overlay of the project area.
6. GIS software may be used to randomly select the required number of sample plots
(coordinates) within the project area.
7. Monitoring of marsh mitigation sites is recommended for a period of five years. A new set of
random sample plots is required for each sampling effort. Therefore, we recommend that four
additional sets of sample plot coordinates be generated for future use.
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8. Selected sample plot coordinates may fall outside of the staked limits of the project area.
Therefore, extra sample plot coordinates should be included with each set. If a sample plot is
determined to be outside of the project area then the next available extra sample plot coordinates
should be substituted to provide the required number.
9. GPS software can arrange the sample plot coordinates sequentially throughout the site to
minimize search time and this data set can be downloaded into GPS instrumentation.
10. A two man crew consisting of a surveyor/GPS technician and a biologist can accomplish the
required sampling. The surveyor/technician navigates to the coordinates for each site. Precise
accuracy in identifying the center of the sample plot is not required for this technique.
Accordingly, when the plot location is determined within plus or minus one foot (0.30 meter)
the spot should be marked and sampled without nique. Prior to conducting the sampling, the
observer should familiarize him/herself with the MVEPC, and practice observing the range of
coverage conditions (e.g. 0-100%) that may be encountered in the field. Also, those conductinE
field surveys should practice together to develop a common search image.
13. Monitoring is required at the end of each growing season for a period of five years or until
the survival and performance criteria are met.
14. Frequency (survival) of the transplants must be at least 70% at the end of the first and each
subsequent growing season. If survival is less than 70%, replanting is required to reestablish the
transplants. Alternative survival requirements can be identified in the mitigation plan on a sit:
by site basis.
15. Percent cover is estimated for each square meter sample plot by using the MVEPC and
sampling strategy outlined above.
16. The recommend success criteria is: "The site. will be considered a success if the calculated
value for percent cover is equal to or greater than 80% at the end of the fifth growing season".
Estimations of frequency(survival), density and percent cover shall use the procedures specified
in Attachment II and III.
DRAFT 3-17-99
Attachment II
Synopsis of Braun-Blanquet Technique (Braun-Blanquet, J. 1965. Plant
Sociology: The study of plant communities: translated, revised and edited by
C.D. Fuller and H.S. Conrad. Hafner, London.)
The Braun-Blanquet (B-B) coverage abundance scale is computed by placing a one meter
squared quadrat centered on the randomly selected sample sites within the mitigation area.
(Pending additional data collection, we recommend 40 samples per 2.6-acres and a minimum of
30 samples regardless of the size of the site.
Each quadrat is visually inspected (Attachment III) and a cover-abundance scale value is
assigned to the marsh coverage within the quadrat.
The scale values are:
0 = none
0.1 = solitary stem with small cover
0.5 = few stems with small cove:
1.0 = numerous stems but with less than 5% cover
2.0 = any number of steams but with 5-25% cover
3.0 = any number of steams but with 25-50% cover
4.0 = any number of steams but with 50-75% cover
5.0 = any number of steams but with > 75% cover
From the random survey of quadrats, frequency of occurrence, abundance and density of marsh
can be computed as follows:
Frequency of Occurrence = number of occupied quadrats / total number of quadrats
Abundance = sum of B-B values / number of occupied quadrats
Density = sum of B-B scale values / total number of quadrats
The above values can be used as follows:
1. As a means of assessing survival, post-planting
2. As a means of documenting compliance, after specified time periods, with previously
established performance criteria
3. As a comparative basis among sites.
Attachmen.L III - Murdoch visual Estimation of Percentage Caart'-
Marine and Freshwater Murdoch University
Research Laboratory Environmental science
Murdoch, Westem Australia 6150
Produced by the S2 Group (Seagrass Rehabilitation)
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Smith Creek Parkway, U-92 C, New Hanover Co. 2`57
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Subject: Smith Creek Parkway, U-92 C, New Hanover Co. G2 V, Gp"cd,-
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 1999 16:36:48 -0400
From: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail], [e-mail],
[e-mail], [e-mail], [e-mail]
By letter dated May 28, 1999, NCDOT submitted a permit application for the
proposed Smith Creek Parkway (Sections A & B) project and a request for a permit
modification of Smith Creek Parkway, Section C. All the review agencies were
copy furnished on this letter.
The permit modification request consisted of substituting the Bridge Maintenance
Mitigation Site for the Smith Creek Mitigation Site, required under special
condition d. of the permit for U-92C. We are currently reviewing the request
for the U-92C permit modification. Since no agency comments have been recieved
we are assuming that there are no comments. Please review NCDOT's letter of
5/28/99 for the U-92C mitigation proposal and let me know by COB September 14,
1999 if you have any comments or need additional review time.
With regards to U-92, Sections A&B, we are in the process of issuing a public
notice on this portion of the Smith Creek Parkway project. Comments on Sections
A&B can be submitted at a later time in response to this notice.
Any questions please call me at 910-251-4634. This thursday is the only day I
will be in this week. I will then be in the office on monday and tuesday of
next week.
1 of 1 09/07/1999 4:55 PM