Haws Run Mitigation Site

1998 Preliminary Report
Haws Run Mitigation Site
Pender / Onslow County
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Planning and Environmental Branch
Raleigh, North Carolina
July 1998
Introduction
Project Background
The Haws Run Mitigation Site was purchased in 1995 by the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) to provide compensatory mitigation for unavoidable impacts to
wetlands resulting from highway construction in the region. The site is located approximately 28
miles northeast of Wilmington, North Carolina, straddling the Pender-Onslow County line. The
site consists of riverine swamp forests at the northern and southern ends and a cutover interior of
former wet flats and savannas with an extensive ditch and canal system. A mitigation plan for
the Haws Run Site was prepared for NCDOT by Land Management Group, Inc. (LMG) in April
1997.
Purpose
To address agency questions about the savanna restoration area of the Haws Run Site, the central
canal and lateral ditches north of the electrical transmission line were plugged in December 1997.
Five RDS groundwater wells and three vegetation test plots were established by NCDOT in the
area circumscribed by the ditch plugs. Nine RDS groundwater wells, installed in 1995 by LMG,
were included in the data analysis. Groundwater elevations were automatically recorded daily.
Locations of groundwater wells, vegetation plots, and ditch plugs are shown in Figure 1. The
purpose of this report is to document the response of the hydrology and vegetation in the area of
influence of the ditch plugs.
Hydrologic Monitoring
Success Criteria
Because the'Pender/ Onslow County line divides the mitigation site, the project's growing
season must represent both counties. The Soil Conservation Service defined growing season for
Pender County lasts 237 days, from March 19 to November 11. The growing season for Onslow
County lasts 212 days, from April 8 to November 5. Using the U.S. Weather Bureau
publication, Low Temperature Probabilities in North Carolina, anestimated growing season for
the area was calculated as 252 days, lasting from March 12 to November 19.
Using all three data sets, the average growing season for the Haws Run site was calculated to be
237 days in length, lasting from March 23 to November 15. In order to be classified as a wetland,
the water table must be within 12 inches of the soil surface, ponded, or flooded for 5% to 12.5%
of the growing season under normal precipitation. Normal is defined as total monthly
precipitation falling within the 30th and 70th percentiles of a 30 year period. Therefore, for Haws
Run, the water table must not fall below the 12-inch line for at least 30 consecutive days during
the growing season under normal precipitation to meet the 12.5% criteria.
Monitoring Description and Results
The proposed pine savanna restoration area is located in the northern portion of the Haws Run
site. It contains eight groundwater monitoring wells within the area of influence of the ditch
plugs, hereafter referred to as the study area (Figure 1). Three were installed in 1995 by LMG
while the remaining five were installed in 1998 by NCDOT. The wells are denoted by the
following symbols: D, E, G, W1, W2, W4, W5, and W6. Appendix A contains a plot of the
daily groundwater depth for these eight wells.
Appendix A also contains plots of the daily groundwater depth for six other wells installed in
1995 in the northern section of Haws Run. These are Wells C, H, H-50, H-250, and I, located in
jurisdictional wetlands, and Well F, located in a proposed savanna restoration area outside the
study area.
Table 1 reports the number of consecutive days, starting on the first day of the growing season,
that the groundwater was within 12 inches of the soil surface for each well, hereafter referred to
as the wet season. The wells in bold print are located in the study area.
Table 1 Hydrologic Monitoring Results
Monitoring Well Number of Days
above 12" (consecutive)
1997 / 1998 Well Location
C 14 / 61 Jurisdictional wetland
D 6/53 Savanna restoration
E 9/53 Savanna restoration; near Well W6
F 2/4 Savanna restoration
G 5/6 Savanna restoration; near Well W5
H 25 / 72 Jurisdictional wetland
H-50 27 / 72 Jurisdictional wetland
H-250 28 / 74 Jurisdictional wetland
1 99 / 74 Jurisdictional wetland
Monitoring Well Number of Days
1998
W1 . 59 Savanna restoration
W2 60 Savanna restoration
W4* 54 Savanna restoration
W5 62 Savanna restoration; near Well G
W6 60 Savanna restoration; near Well E
* -- Well 4: 2 days in the 54 day period had readings of -12.4 and -12.6
Seven of the eight wells in the study area met or nearly met* the hydrologic criteria for a
jurisdictional wetland at the 12.5% level in 1998.
The groundwater elevation graphs for Wells D and E show a marked decline in the water table in
early 1997 during periods of low rainfall. However, during periods of low rain fall in early 1998,
the water table did not decline until several weeks into the growing season. The wet season in
1998 was 8.8 times longer for Well D and 5.9 times longer for Well E than in 1997.
The 1998 wet season for wells located in the study area was similar to the 1998 wet season for
Well F, located outside the study area, did not show a substantial change in the wet season from
1997 to 1998.
Well G was the one well within the study area which did not meet the hydrologic criteria for a
jurisdictional wetland in 1998. The reason for this is not known; it is possibly due to elevation,
root channels, or some other local condition. However, the average water table elevation during
the first 30 days of the growing season for Well G was substantially higher in 1998, at -7.5
inches, than in 1997, at -24.2 inches for the comparable period. Water table elevations in 1998
at Well 5, located nearby Well G, were consistent with those of Wells D and E.
Wells C and I also showed some effect from the ditch plugs as water backed up behind the ditch
plug in the central canal.
Daily rainfall data, collected at Marine Corps Air Station New River (located approximately 12
miles east of Haws Run site), is plotted with each groundwater elevation graph in Appendix A
and by year in Appendix B. Appendix B also contains graphs of monthly rainfall totals with the
30 year averages. Monthly rainfall totals from January 1997 through June 1997 were within or
below the 30/70 percentile normal range. In 1998, precipitation during January, February, and
May was above normal, during March was below normal, and during April and June was within
the normal range.
Plant Community Monitoring
Success Criteria
Vegetation success criteria are the survival of planted trees in the test plots under altered
hydrologic conditions created by the central canal and lateral ditch plugs.
Monitoring Description and Results
Three 70' x 70' vegetation test plots, consisting of a mixture of pond and long leaf pines, were
established within the study area in December 1997. Table 2 outlines the number and type of
trees planted and the May 1998 testing results.
T.1,1P')• Plant Cnmmiinity Monitoring Results
Vegetation Sample Plot Number Planted
(Dec. 1997) Number Counted
(May 1998) % Survival
Plot 1
Longleaf Pine 21 18 85
Pond Pine 28 26 93
Plot 2
Longleaf Pine 10 10 100
Pond Pine 18 14 78
Plot 3
Longleaf Pine 19 17 89
Pond Pine 18 12 67
Total 114 97 85
The average percent survival for both species after six months was 90% for Plot 1, 88% for Plot
2, and 78% for Plot 3.
Conclusions
• The groundwater in the study area was within twelve inches of the soil surface for 12.5% of
the 1998 growing season for all wells except Well G. However, data from a nearby well
indicates that Well G may reflect unusual conditions.
• After installing the ditch plugs, the wet season in the study area was similar to the wet season
in the jurisdictional wetland area. In previous years, the wet season in the study area had been
substantially shorter than that of the wetland area.
• Rainfall during the 1997 dormant season and early growing season fell within or below the
30/70 percentiles for the 30 year rainfall averages.
• Rainfall during the 1998 dormant season was higher than normal, the majority of which
occurred by mid-February. However, the majority of the excess rainfall left the site as
shallow subsurface flow and overland flow. This is evidenced by the steady state of the
water table during these periods of high rainfall.
• Rainfall during the month immediately prior to the 1998 growing season was drier than
normal and rainfall during the 1998 early growing season was within the normal range. The
water table elevation in the study area remained at the pre-growing season level throughout
this period of low rainfall. In contrast, the groundwater elevation at Well F, outside the study
area, dropped below the 12 inch depth within 4 days of the beginning of the growing season,
as it had done in past years.
• The survival of planted trees was approximately 85% averaged over the three test plots.
• The ditch plugs created a positive hydrologic response by raising the water table elevation
while supporting the planted vegetation.
Discussion
These data are supported by the requirement for two activities. Approximately 70% of the
interior portion of the mitigation site was, upon recommendation of the North Carolina Division
of Forest Services, drum-chopped to remove unwanted trees in preparation for a prescribed burn
planned for this summer. Also, NCDOT construction personnel will soon remove the six
temporary plugs so that the site will not become too wet for equipment to carry out planned
grading activities.
These results, in conjunction with the soils data collected in August 1997, indicate that the areas
of Haws Run Mitigation Site proposed for restoration to wet pine savanna will be successful.
Trends toward hydrologic restoration and high percentages of tree survivability appear to have
been met in this limited study.

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4-Mai
11-Mai
18-Mai
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7-Oct
14-Oct
21-Oct
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11-Nov
18-Nov
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2-Dec
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23-Dec
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2-Apr
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7-May
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4-Jun
11-Jun
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,A 5rATE
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR.
GOVERNOR
P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
DAVID MCCOY
SECRETARY
January 24, 2000
Mr. David Timpy
US Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office
PO Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Dear Mr. Timpy:

Subject: 1999 Annual Monitoring Report for the Haws Run Mitigation Site, Pender
and Onslow Counties
Please find enclosed the 1999 Annual Monitoring Report for the Haws Run Mitigation Site.
This report details the hydrologic and vegetation monitoring activities over the past year at
the site, which is in its first year of monitoring following construction.
A meeting to discuss this and other sites evaluated by the Wilmington and Washington
Regulatory Offices has been scheduled for Friday, February 18, 2000 at 9:00am in Room
470 of the Transportation Building. Representatives from NCDOT and other agencies will
be in attendance.
If you should have any questions prior to this meeting, please contact Beth Smyre, Natural
Systems Engineer, at [phone]. Thank you for your continued support and
cooperation.
Sincerely,
c kL
5 'U
V. Charles Bruton, Ph.D.,
Assistant Branch Manager
Project Development and Environmental
Analysis Branch
Cc: w/ attachment
David Franklin, USACE (1)
Kelly Williams, NCDCM (2)
John Hennessy, NCDWQ (1)
David Cox, NCWRC (1)
w/o attachment
Bruce Ellis, NCDOT