20091327 Ver 1_401 Application_20091209

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Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Pre-Construction Notification PCN) Form
A. A Hcant Information
1. Processing
1 a. Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps:
®Section 404 Permit ? Section 10 Permit
1 b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: 29 or General Permit (GP) number:
1 c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps? ? Yes ® No
1 d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
® 401 Water Quality Certification - Regular ? Non-404 Jurisdictional General Permit
? 401 Water Quality Certification - Express ? Riparian Buffer Authorization
1 e. Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required? For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
? Yes ® No For the record only for Corps Permit:

? Yes ® No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in-lieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in-lieu
fee program. ® Yes ? No
1 g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below. ® Yes ? No
1h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)? ? Yes ® No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project: Dixon's Residence
2b. County: Dare
2c. Nearest municipality / town: Southern Shores DEC
2d. Subdivision name: Southern Shores
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no: WETLANDS ANDSTORMwATEFtMMrCH
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed: James T and Jackson J. Dixon
3b. Deed Book and Page No. DB 827, PG. 83 & DB 1779, PG. 67
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable):
3d. Street address: 28 Ginguite Trail
3e. City, state, zip: Southern Shores, NC 27949
3f. Telephone no.: 252-202-2608
3g. Fax no.: 252-207-5936
3h. Email address: [e-mail]
Page I of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

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4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is: ? Agent ? Other, specify:
4b. Name:
4c. Business name
(if applicable):
4d. Street address:
4e. City, state, zip:
4f. Telephone no.:
4g. Fax no.:
4h. Email address:
5. Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name:
5b. Business name
(if applicable):
5c. Street address:
5d. City, state, zip:
5e. Telephone no.:
5f. Fax no.:
5g. Email address:
Page 2 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
a
B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID): 986718312536 & 986718311961
Latitude: 36.10235911167692 Longitude: -
1 b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees): 75.7381796836853
(DD.DDDDDD) (-DD.DDDDDD)
1 c. Property size: 2.84 acres
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to Ginguiite Creek
proposed project:
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water: SC
2c. River basin: Pasquotank
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
3123
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
2.3
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
To fill and stabilize a limited amount of wetlands on our property so that we may access a existing walkway and pier to
Ginguite Creek, provide for a safety zone before and around the walkway entrance, provide temporary parking for access
and build or locate a small portable storage building on pilings to accomadate boating supplies and equipment.
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
We propose to bulkhead and fill area described within application. Area is mostly cleared marshland. Area is adjacent to
roadway. Fill area will be sloped down from roadway so that any water runoff will continue to flow down to existing marsh
area on our property. Dump trucks would be used to dump fill from roadway and would not have to enter marsh area.
Jetting pumps would be used to drive down pilings for the bulkhead. Small tractor or excavator would be used to smooth
out fill. No equipment or vehicles should have to enter the remaining marsh on our or others property.
4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property /
project (including all prior phases) in the past? ® Yes ? No ? Unknown
Comments: We have had Army Corp and CAMA rep visit the
site to designate their jurisdiction.
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
®Preliminary ? Final
of determination was made?
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas? Agency/Consultant Company: Army Corps and CAMA
Name (if known): Army Corp - Tom Steffens, CAMA - John Other:
Cece
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
August 2009
Page 3 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for
this project (including all prior phases) in the past? ? Yes ® No ? Unknown
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project? ? Yes ® No
6b. If yes, explain.
Page 4 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1 a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
® Wetlands ? Streams - tributaries ? Buffers
? Open Waters ? Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. 2e. 2f.
Wetland impact Type of jurisdiction
number - Type of impact Type of wetland Forested (Corps - 404, 10 Area of impact
Permanent (P) or (if known) DWQ - non-404, other) (acres)
Temporary T
W1 ®P ? T fill Non-tidal ? Yes ® Corps 0918
freshwater marsh ® No ® DWQ .
W2 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W3 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W4 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W5 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W6 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts .0918
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a. 3b. 3c. 3d. 3e. 3f. 3g.
Stream impact Type of impact Stream name Perennial Type of jurisdiction Average Impact
number - or
(PER)
(Corps - 404, 10
stream
length
Permanent (P) or intermittent DWQ - non-404, width (linear
Temporary (T) (INT)? other) (feet) feet)
S1 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S2 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S3 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S4 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S5 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S6 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts
3i. Comments:
Page 5 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individually list all open water impacts below.
4a. 4b. 4c. 4d. 4e.
Open water Name of waterbody
impact number- (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody type Area of impact (acres)
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
01 ?P?T
02 ?P?T
03 ?P?T
04 ?P?T
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If and or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a. 5b. 5c. 5d. 5e.
Wetland Impacts (acres) Stream Impacts (feet) Upland
Pond ID Proposed use or purpose (acres)
number of pond
Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded
P1
P2
5f. Total
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
? Yes ? No if yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If an impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
Project is in which protected basin?
6b. 6c. 6d.
Buffer impact
number- Reason
Permanent (P) or for
Temporary (T) impact
131 ?P?T
B2 ?P?T
B3 ?P?T
6i. Comments:
? Neuse ? Tar-Pamlico ? Other:
? Catawba ? Randleman
6e. 6f. 6g.
Buffer
Stream name mitigation
required?
? Yes
? No
? Yes
? No
? Yes
? No
6h. Total buffer impacts
Zone 1 impact Zone 2 impact
(square feet) (square feet)
Page 6 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
Area to be filled is adjacent to public roadway. Area will be sloped to allow water runoff to continue to flow down thru existing
marsh on our property. Top of fill will remain below road level. Bulkhead should only rise 2-3ft above floor of impact area.
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
Construction area will be hand cleared of vegitation, fill will be deposited on area from adjacent roadway using dump trucks,
small rubber tread excavator or tractor will be used to smooth and slope fill down to marsh level.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State? ® Yes ? No
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply): ? DWQ ® Corps

2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project? ® Mitigation bank

El Payment to in-lieu fee program
? Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank: Great Dismal Swamp Restoration Bank Timberlake Site
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter) Type non-riverine Quantity .1836547 acre
3c. Comments: 2:1 ratio of proposed impact area
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In-lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in-lieu fee program is attached. ? Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested: linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature: ? warm ? cool ?cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only): square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4f. Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested: acres
4h. Comments:
5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
Page 7 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) - required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires
buffer mitigation? ? Yes ® No
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.

Zone 6c.
Reason for impact 6d.
Total impact
(square feet)
Multiplier 6e.
Required mitigation
(square feet)
Zone 1 3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2 1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in-lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 8 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified ? Yes ® No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1 b. If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
? Yes ? No
Comments:
2. Stormwater Management Plan
2a. What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project? .0525%
2b. Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan? ? Yes ® No
2c. If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why: No residential or commercial
development is proposed on site. Impervious material planned for the site other than the 120' bulkhead and 10x10
storage building on pilings would be 6'x 35' brick walkway thru impact area to walkway on pilings in existing marsh.
2d. If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:
? Certified Local Government
2e. Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan? ? DWQ Stormwater Program
? DWQ 401 Unit
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project?
? Phase II
3b. Which of the following locally-implemented stormwater management programs ? NSW
? USMP
apply (check all that apply): ? Water Supply Watershed
? Other:
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been ? Yes ? No
attached?
4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review
? Coastal counties

4a. Which of the following state-implemented stormwater management programs apply ? HQW
? ORW
(check all that apply):
? Session Law 2006-246
? Other:
4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
attached? ? Yes ? No
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a. Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements? ? Yes ? No
5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met? ? Yes ? No
Page 9 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
Y
F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the ? Yes ® No
use of public (federal/state) land?
1 b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State ? Yes ? No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
letter.) ? Yes ? No
Comments:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards, ? Yes ® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200)?
2b. Is this an after-the-fact permit application? ? Yes ® No
2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s):
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in ? Yes ® No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b. If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
No wastewater will be generated
Page 10 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or ? Yes ® No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act ® Yes ? No
impacts?

Raleigh
?
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted. ? Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
USFWS Web Site for Threatened and Endangered Species in NC
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat? ? Yes ® No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
Online web site as spedified in the corps handout
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation ? Yes ® No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
Online web site as specified in the corps handout
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain? ® Yes ? No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements: No residential or commercial building to be built in impact area - no
additional flood insurance to be required
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determi tion'? www.ncfloodmaps.com

James T. and Jackson J. Dixon 12/02/09
Applicant/Agent's Printed Name Applicant/Ad is Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant
is provided.)
Page 11 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
The Great Dismal Swamp RestorationBank, LLC
P. O. Box 6186
Chesapeake, VA 23323
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]
December 9, 2009
Mr. J. T. Dixon
28 Ginguite Trail
Southern Shores, NC 27949
Dear Mr. Dixon:
I am writing in reply to your request to purchase .1836547 wetland mitigation credits. These
credits are available and will be sold from The Great Dismal Swamp RestorationBank,
Timberlake. To complete this transaction we will need a check and the following information:
Corps Project #:
Waterway:
Permittee Name:
Location of Impact:
Permit action (i.e., IP, NWP-39, enforcement, etc.):
Impacts (acres/linear feet):
Impact NWI classification:
Impact Hydrologic Unite Code:
Thank you for allowing us to quote on this project. We look forward to working with you.
Sincerely,
Gloria C. Nelson

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

16
The soil is subject to rare flooding. Flooding occurs only
during periods of strong-wind tides or hurricanes.
The Duckston soil is poorly drained. Typically, the
surface layer is very dark grayish brown fine sand about
3 inches thick. The upper part of the underlying material
is dark grayish brown fine sand and light brownish gray
sand. The next part is dark gray sand. The lower part to
a depth of 80 inches is gray sand.
Permeability is very rapid above the water table in
the Duckston soil. The soil ranges from extremely acid
to moderately alkaline. The seasonal high water table is
between the surface and 1 foot below the surface. This
soil is subject to rare flooding for brief periods.
Included with these soils in mapping are small areas
of Newhan soils. These included soils are in the higher
positions on dunes, commonly near the ocean side.
They make up about 15 percent of the map unit.
The Corolla and Duckston soils are used mainly as
habitat for coastal wildlife. The native vegetation varies,
depending on the location within mapped areas and on
the amount of exposure to salt. The natural vegetation
on the Corolla soil consists of sparse stands of
saltmeadow cordgrass, northern bayberry,
eveningprimose, largeleaf pennywort, scrubby live oak,
blueberry, wild olive, persimmon, ragweed, and Virginia
creeper. In areas affected by salt spray, the natural
vegetation on the Duckston soil consists of dense
stands of saltmeadow cordgrass, waxmyrtle, and
northern bayberry. The areas at a greater distance from
the salt spray support greenbrier, eastern baccharis,
scattered black willow, blueberry, wild olive, and
jersimmon.
These soils are not used as cropland or woodland
)ecause of exposure to salt spray and flooding by salt
mater.
Wetness, the hazard of flooding, and the lack of
sdequate outlets for a drainage system are the major
imitations affecting the use of these soils for building
>ite development, sanitary facilities, and recreational
ievelopment. A poor filtering capacity and seepage are
additional limitations on sites for sanitary facilities.
The Corolla and Duckston soils are in capability
;ubclass VIls and Vllw, respectively. No woodland
F ination symbol is assigned.
CuA-Currituck mucky peat, 0 to 1 percent slopes,
requently flooded. This nearly level, very poorly
Irained soil is in broad marshes on the sound side of
ie Outer Banks north of Collington Island. It also is in
epressions between the forested dunes near Buxton.
lapped areas generally are long and narrow and range
'om 10 to 700 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is dark brown muck about
7 inches thick. Below this to a depth of 40 inches is
Soil Survey
muck that is very dark brown in the upper part and
black in the lower part. The underlying material to a
depth of 65 inches is sand. It is black in the upper part
and dark grayish brown in the lower part.
Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid. The
soil ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in
the upper organic layers and extremely acid to
moderately acid in the lower organic and mineral layers.
The seasonal high water table is 1 foot above to 1 foot
below the surface. This soil is frequently flooded by
changing tides for very long periods.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Carteret and Hobonny soils. Carteret soils are sandy
throughout. Hobonny soils are organic throughout. The
included soils generally are near the outer edge of the
mapped areas. They make up about 10 percent of the
map unit.
The dominant native vegetation is black needlerush,
maindencane, sawgrass, eastern baccharis, waxmyrtle,
willow, and cattail. This soil is used as habitat for
wildlife. It is not used for agricultural purposes,
commercial tree production, or urban or recreational
development because of the frequent flooding, extreme
wetness, poor trafficability, and exposure to salt water.
The capability subclass is Vlllw. No woodland
ordination symbol is assigned.
DtA-Duckston fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes,
occasionally flooded. This nearly level, poorly drained
soil is on flats and in slight depressions on the Outer
Banks. Areas are irregular in shape and range from 5 to
50 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is fine sand about 8
inches thick. It is very dark grayish brown in the upper
part and dark grayish brown in the lower part. Below
this to a depth of 80 inches is sand that is light
brownish gray in the upper part and dark gray and gray
in the lower part.
Permeability is very rapid above the water table. The
soil ranges from extremely acid to moderately alkaline.
The seasonal high water table is at or near the surface
and fluctuates somewhat in relation to the tides. This
soil is occasionally flooded by storm tides for brief
periods. It is exposed to varying amounts of salt spray,
depending on the proximity to the ocean.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Conaby, Corolla, Newhan, and Osier soils, which are
near the outer edge of the mapped areas. Corolla soils
are on low knolls, and Newhan soils are on the higher
knolls. Conaby soils are. on flats and in troughs and
depressions, and Osier soils are along marshes and in
depressions. Included soils make up 10 to 15 percent of
the map unit.
The Duckston soil is used mainly as habitat for
Dare County, North Carolina
wildlife. The native vegetation varies, depending on the
amount of exposure to salt spray. Saltmeadow
cordgrass and waxmyrtle are in areas affected by salt
spray. The areas at a greater distance from the ocean
spray support the less salt-tolerant grasses and sedges
as well as greenbrier, eastern baccharis, black willow,
redbay, three-square rush, cattail, sawgrass, blueberry,
wild olive, and Virginia creeper.
This soil is generally not used as cropland or
woodland because of exposure to salt spray, the hazard
of flooding, and the lack of adequate drainage outlets. It
generally is not used for urban or recreational
development because of wetness, the sandy texture,
and flooding.
The capability subclass is Vllw. No woodland
ordination symbol is assigned.
DuE-Dune land, 2 to 40 percent slopes. This
miscellaneous area consists of sand dunes on the
Outer Banks. The sand dunes are devoid of vegetative
cover and are subject to severe soil blowing and
shifting. They range in height from a few feet to more
than 100 feet. Some are elongated mounds, and others
are oval or crescent-shaped hills. The water table is at
a depth of more than 6 feet. Dune land is extremely
droughty.
Included in mapping are small areas of Newhan soils,
which have a vegetative cover on less than 15 percent
of the surface.
The capability subclass is Vllle. No woodland
ordination symbol is assigned.
DwE-Dune land-Newhan complex, 2 to 40 percent
slopes. This map unit is on the Outer Banks. Most
areas lie parallel to the ocean. A typical area is about
60 percent Dune land and 35 percent Newhan soil.
Areas are irregular in shape and range from 10 to 100
acres in size.
The Dune land is devoid of vegetation. It typically is
in the steeper areas. It consists of sandy material that is
subject to severe soil blowing and shifting with the wind.
Water moves very rapidly through the sand. The
capacity of the sand to hold water for plant growth is
very low.
The excessively drained Newhan soil supports salt-
tolerant vegetation, but plant density varies. This soil is
in areas where slopes range from 2 to 30 percent.
Typically, the surface layer is light brownish gray fine
sand about 2 inches thick. The underlying material to a
depth of 80 inches is fine sand. It is light yellowish
brown in the upper part and very pale brown in the
lower part.
Permeability and the available water capacity are
very low in the Newhan soil. The soil is moderately acid
17
to mildly alkaline. It is exposed to varying amounts of
salt spray, depending on the proximity to the ocean.
The seasonal high water table is more than 6 feet
below the surface.
Included in mapping are Duckston and Corolla soils.
These included soils are in narrow depressions and
troughs between the foredunes. They make up about 5
percent of the map unit.
The Dune land and the Newhan soil are used mainly
as habitat for coastal wildlife and as open space. They
are not used as cropland or woodland because of
exposure to salt spray, extreme droughtiness, and very
rapid leaching of plant nutrients.
Windblown sand and the slope are the main
limitations affecting urban and recreational uses.
Structures and plants are likely to be either undermined
or covered by the sand. Plants also are subject to salt
spray. The Dune land and the Newhan soil should be
stabilized before they are used as homesites or
recreational areas. The Dune land can be stabilized
through a combination of structures and salt-tolerant
vegetation. Only the most drought-tolerant plants should
be used to stabilize these areas. American beachgrass,
panicgrass, and bitter panicum are suited to this
purpose. After the Dune land has been stabilized,
shrubs can be planted in areas protected from salt
spray. The adapted species are waxmyrtle, northern
bayberry, yaupon holly, and flameleaf sumac. The
shrubs provide a more permanent cover than the
grasses and also help to provide an environment in
which other native plants can become established.
The capability subclass assigned to the Newhan soil
is Vllls. No woodland ordination symbol is assigned to
this unit.
*FrD-Fripp fine sand, 2 to 30 percent slopes. This
nearly level to steep, excessively drained soil is on
dune ridges on Roanoke Island and the sound side of
the Outer Banks. The soil generally is protected from
salt spray. Mapped areas are oblong and range from 5
to 1,000 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown fine
sand about 4 inches thick. The underlying material to a
depth of 80 inches is fine sand. It is yellow in the upper
part and very pale brown in the lower part.
Permeability is rapid. The soil is strongly acid to
mildly alkaline throughout. The seasonal high water
table is more than 6 feet below the surface.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Conaby, Newhan, and Ousley soils. Conaby and Ousley
soils are in depressions and troughs. Newhan soils are
along the edges of the mapped areas. The included
soils make up about 10 percent of the map unit.
The Fripp soil supports a maritime forest of loblolly

18
pine, live oak, cherrybark oak, hickory, black cherry,
and eastern redcedar. The understory consists mainly
of American holly, waxmyrtle, yaupon holly, devilwood,
and muscadine grape. The sandy texture, droughtiness,
and the slope are the main limitations affecting
woodland.
This soil is not used as cropland because of
droughtiness and the rapid leaching of plant nutrients.
Moderately steep and steep slopes and seepage limit
the use of this soil for building site development and
sanitary facilities. Grading can create more favorable
slopes for building, but it destroys the native vegetation
and causes severe soil blowing. Also, the dune ridges
should not be graded because they provide protection
from ocean storms and improve the stability of the
barrier islands. Soil blowing can be controlled and
stability increased by additional plantings of adapted'
grasses and shrubs. The sandy texture and the
excessive slope are the main limitations affecting
recreational development.
The capability subclass is Vlls. Based on loblolly pine
as the indicator species, the woodland ordination
symbol is 6S.
HoA-Hobonny muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes,
frequently flooded. This nearly level, very poorly
drained soil generally is in marshes on Roanoke Island
and the eastern shore of the mainland. It also is on the
sound side of the Outer Banks. Mapped areas are
irregular in shape and range from 10 to several hundred
acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish
brown muck about 16 inches thick. Below this to a
depth of 72 inches is muck that is very dark grayish
brown in the upper part and dark gray in the lower part.
Permeability is moderate. The soil ranges from
extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the organic
layers. At least one of the organic layers is very
strongly acid or strongly acid. The mineral layers, if they
occur, are extremely acid to moderately acid. The
seasonal high water table is commonly at or slightly
above the surface. The soil is frequently flooded for
very long periods.
Included with this soil in mapping are scattered areas
of Currituck soils, which have sandy sediments at a
depth of 16 to 51 inches. These soils are in landscape
positions similar to those of the Hobonny soil. They
make up about 10 percent of the map unit.
Most of the acreage of the Hobonny soil supports
natural vegetation and is used as habitat for wildlife.
The natural vegetation is primarily black needlerush, big
cordgrass, maidencane, sawgrass, and cattail (fig. 4).
This soil is not used for cropland, woodland, or urban
or recreational development because of excessive
Soil Survey
wetness, flooding, excess humus, low strength, and
exposure to salt water.
The capability subclass is Vllw. No woodland
ordination symbol is assigned.
HyA-Hyde loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely
flooded. This nearly level, very poorly drained soil is on
broad flats on the mainland. It is mainly in the central
part of the county, around East Lake Community.
Mapped areas are irregular in shape and range from 50
to 500 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is 13 inches thick. It is
black loam in the upper part and very dark gray loam in
the lower part. The subsoil is clay loam about 27 inches
thick. It is grayish brown in the upper part and dark
grayish brown in the lower part. The upper part of the
underlying material is gray fine sandy loam. The lower
part to a depth of 70 inches is light brownish gray loamy
fine sand.
The organic matter content in the surface layer is
high. Permeability is moderately slow. The soil is
extremely acid to neutral. The seasonal high water table
is at or near the surface. This soil is subject to rare
flooding.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
the clayey Cape Fear soils and the organic Ponzer soils
and small areas of Roper soils, which have an organic
surface layer. The included soils are mostly in
landscape positions similar to those of the Hyde soil.
They are near the outer edge of the mapped areas.
They make up about 10 percent of the map unit.
The Hyde soil is used mainly as woodland. In places
it is used as cropland.
In cultivated areas the principal crops are corn, small
grain, and soybeans. Wetness and flooding are the
main limitations. Conservation tillage, cover crops, and
a cropping system that includes grasses and legumes
help to maintain tilth and crop production. Spring tillage
and fall harvest can be delayed because of wetness. A
scarcity of suitable outlets and the moderately slow
permeability limit the installation of drainage systems.
In areas of woodland, loblolly pine, red maple, green
ash, sweetgum, elm, pond pine, water oak, and willow
oak are the dominant species. The understory includes
mainly American holly, sweetbay, sourwood, reeds, and
southern waxmyrtle. Wetness and flooding are the main
limitations affecting woodland. Installation of a drainage
system and bedding of rows help to overcome the
excessive wetness. Using standard wheeled and
tracked equipment when the soil is wet results in deep
ruts, compacts the soil, and damages the roots of trees.
The use of equipment should be limited to dry periods
from midsummer through early fall, when the water
table is lowest.
oyx UNITED STATES
9`'se`9 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
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There may be private InMldinga within the boudanes of FOR SALE BY U. 5. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, RESTON, VIRGINIA 22092 DMA 5856 TI SW-SERIES V8420
the Natlooal of State --d- h.- on this map A IOLDER D rsonea; TOIOGRMW MAPS AND SYMBOLS 15 AVAILAW ON REQUEST