20031001 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_20030812

WArF
9 Michael F. Easley
Governor
GO William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
y Department of Environment and Natural Resources
'C Alan Klimek, PE
Division of Water Quality
September 2, 2003
Mr. Ron Ferrell
Wetlands Restoration Program
1619 MSC
Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
Subject: Stream Restoration/Enhancement
Unnamed Tributary to Billy's Creek
Franklin County, NC
DW Q# 031001
Dear Mr. Ferrell:
This Office is in receipt of the revised plans for the stream restoration/enhancement project of approximately
1800 feet of an unnamed tributaries to Billy's Creek in the Tar River Basin submitted to this Office on August
12, 2003 with revisions received August 26, 2003. DWQ Staff reviewed the plans and determined that stream
restoration and/or enhancement would be achieved.
The stream impacts associated with the project may proceed without written approval from the Division. Please
be advised that seven copies of a complete, formal application and a $475.00 fee is required for projects
intended for compensatory mitigation credit (see General Certification No. 3399, issued March 2003). Any
request for mitigation credit shall be addressed under separate cover.
If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact Mr. Todd St. John at [phone].
R. Dorney
Inds Unit Su ry or
cc: Mr. Todd St. John, Wetlands 0'r
Cherri Smith, W RP
Winston-Salem Regional Office
File
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certification Unit,
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (Location)
a;
31823351
August 25, 2003
Mr. Todd St. John
NC DENR - Wetlands/401 Unit
2321 Crabtree Blvd
Raleigh, NC 27604
NETT DS 14019000
AUG 2 6 2003
CATER QUALITY SECTION
RE: Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Project; Franklinton, North Carolina (DWQ #031007)
Dear Mr. St. John:
I have enclosed the responses to the comments that were received regarding Billy's Creek Stream
Restoration Plan (DWQ # 031007). If you have any further questions or comments, please contact
Cherri Smith directly at 919-715-3466.
Respectfully submitted,
URS Corporation - North Carolina
Rachel E. Smith, PE
Project Manager
Enclosures
cc: Ms. Cherri Smith
Mr. Jim Grove
File 31823351
URS Corporation
1600 Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 100
Morrisville, NC 27560
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
CASTREAM WOMM1130s Creek\St. John comments 8-25-03 Letter.doc
imap://todd.st.john%40dwq.denr.ncmail.net @nplex Lncmail.net:143/f...
Subject: Billy's Creek Stream restoration plan DWQ# 031007
From: "Todd St. John" <[e-mail]>
Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2003 13:13:31 -0400
To: Cherri Smith <Cherri. Smith@ ncmail.net>, Jeff Jurek <[e-mail]>
CC: "Todd St. John" <[e-mail]>
Cherri and Jeff,
This looks to be a really good project. The photo log was excellent and gave me a
really good idea about the reference stream and the existing stream...
I only had a few minor questions and info needs:
YY. Plan Detail
Please provide typical plans that include show the actual minimum width of the flood
prone area (if possible) as well as the minimum bench width in the "priority 2" area.
Also, the proposal is to slope the flood plain towards the stream for drainage. It
has been observed on many stream restoration projects that stream bank failure occurs
as a result of overland flow as opposed to flood flow. Additionally, sloping the
flood plain would preclude the formation of any ephemeral ponding areas or wetlands.
That may prove problematic considering the apparent existing wetlands. Finally, is
this grading proposed to be conducted in the "priority 1" areas? Please explain how
the proposed flood plain grading will account for the above situations.
Also, will this be fenced at the easement line?
Y¥. In Stream Structures and/or Channel Blocks
Please provide complete typical plans for the step pools and channel plugs.
thansk, todd
1 of 1 8/15/03 1:16 PM
RESPONSES TO COMMENTS FROM TODD ST. JOHN
August 25, 2003
• Plan Detail
Please provide typical plans that include show the actual
minimum width of the flood prone area (if possible) as well
as the minimum bench width in the "priority 2" area.
The minimum bench width will be 10 feet per side of the stream (20 feet total)
throughout the project. With the bench held to 10 feet per side of the stream and
the slope to existing ground held to a 3:1 maximum slope, the minimum flood prone
width is 35.4 feet. The entrenchment ratio is 3.9 as a minimum. In most cases the
stream can tie into the existing ground and therefore increase the flood prone width.
(Please see Attachment 1 for the proposed typical riffle cross section)
Also, the proposal is to slope the flood plain towards the
stream for drainage. It has been observed on many stream
restoration projects that stream bank failure occurs as a
result of overland flow as opposed to flood flow.
Additionally, sloping the flood plain would preclude the
formation of any ephemeral ponding areas or wetlands. That
may prove problematic considering the apparent existing
wetlands.
The slope of the benches will be held to a 50:1 slope for 10 feet (minimum). The
floodplain will be sloped in areas where grading is necessary due to the proposed
floodplain being slightly lower than existing ground. The flood plain will be sloped
to provide a smooth grade for the establishment of vegetation and to encourage
sheet flow instead of concentrated flow. Vegetation and the prevention of overland
flow by promoting sheet flow are key in limiting the erosion of the floodplain. In
areas of identifiable concentrated flow, the stream and floodplain will be protected
to prevent stream bank failures. The existing ditches will be filled and the
floodplain graded as to provide a depressional zone with a stabilized outlet for
ephemeral ponding.
Finally, is this grading proposed to be conducted in the
"priority 1" areas? Please explain how the proposed flood
plain grading will account for the above situations.
The priority one areas will be disturbed as little as possible to leave existing
vegetation intact and the grading will be limited to the areas necessary to access the
stream with equipment. In most cases, this will only include the areas adjacent to
the stream. There are areas of berms that will be removed and the topography will
be graded to match the existing floodplain. The existing wetland areas and any
known outlets will be protected to the extent possible.
- 1---
CASTMAM WORMBilly's Creek\Con=ent-responses.doc
RESPONSES TO COMMENTS FROM TODD ST. JOHN
August 25, 2003
Also, will this be fenced at the easement line?
The stream will be fenced at the easement line by the Franklin County Soil and
Water Conservation district and NRCS with cost share funds. The fencing is not
part of this design but will occur following construction.
• In Stream Structures and/or Channel Blocks
Please provide complete typical plans for the step pools
and channel plugs.
Please see Attachment 2 for typical plans for the step-pool and the channel plugs.
-2-
CASTREAM WOMBilly's CreeMomment-responses.doc
ATTACHMENT 1. TYPICAL RIFFLE CROSS SECTION
4
3.5
3
0 2.5
> 2
W 1.5
1
0.5
0
Riffle Cross Section
Bankfull Area = 8 ft2 Mean Depth = 0.9 ft
W/D=10.1 Entrenchment Ratio=3.9
Actual Minimum Flood prone width = 35.4'
50:1 Slope Bankfull 50:1 Slope
Min. 10' Width = 9' Min. 10'
3:1
Max De th = 1.26'
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Station
Crosssects-comments.xis RIFFLE
to
IMPERVIOUS SELEC 5••0" NI
MATERIAL CO ACTION RATE
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COIR MATT
6" MINI
TOPSOIL
BOTTOM
EXISTING C
V MINIMUM
aii4c 644 iiik T
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BILLY'S CREEK STREAM
RESTORATION PLAN
AUGUST 11, 2003
PREPARED BY:
URS
URS Corporation - North Carolina
1600 Perimeter Park Drive
Morrisville, NC 27560
RECEIVED
AUG 12 2003
1E ANDS
RESToRAT1oN
7
N C Wedands Restoration Pro rare
c......... ..W._ ----...._...___ -."........-NmeNR wq.......
BILLY'S CREEK STREAM
RESTORATION PLAN
AUGUST 11, 2003
PREPARED BY:
Ulm.
r
URS Corporation - North Carolina
1600 Perimeter Park Drive
Morrisville, NC 27560
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 1
Site Location ........................................................................................................................................................ . 1
General Watershed Description .................................................................... ......................... ...................... . 1
4.1 Watershed Drainage Area ............................................................................................................................ . 1
4.2 Soils of the Watershed ................................................................................................................................. . 4
4.3 Land use and Zoning .................................................................................................................................... . 6
4.3.1 Existing Conditions .............................................................................................................................. . 6
4.3.2 Future Conditions ................................................................................................................................. . 6
4.4 Endangered/Threatened Species Documentation ......................................................................................... . 6
Existing Stream Conditions ................................................................................................................................. . 9
5.1 Description ................................................................................................................................................... .9
5.2 Soils of the stream site ................................................................................................................................ 11
5.3 Existing Vegetative Communities and Wildlife Observations .................................................................... 11
5.4 Wetlands within the Project Area ............................................................................................................... 13
5.5 Stream Classification ................................................................................................................................... 14
5.5.1 Dimension ........................................................................................................................................... 14
5.5.2 Pattern ................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.5.3 Profile ................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.5.4 Channel Substrate Material ................................................................................................................. 14
Stream Reference Reach STUDY ....................................................................................................................... 16
6.1 Reference Reach: Un-named Tributary, Franklin County, NC ................................................................... 16
6.1.1 Stream Classification .......................................................................................................................... 16
6.1.2 Soils of the Watershed and Stream Site .............................................................................................. 16
6.1.3 Vegetative Communities and Wildlife Observations .......................................................................... 18
Stream Restoration Plan ...................................................................................................................................... 19
7.1 Stream Classification .................................................................................................................................. 19
7.1.1 Dimension ........................................................................................................................................... 19
7.1.2 Pattern ................................................................................................................................................. 21
7.1.3 Profile ................................................................................................................................................. 22
7.1.4 Sediment Transport Analysis .............................................................................................................. 22
7.2 Wetland impacts within the floodplain ....................................................................................................... 23
7.3 Proposed Vegetative Communities for un-named tributary to Billy's Creek Stream Restoration .............. 23
Stream Performance Criteria and Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................. 27
8.1 Success Criteria for Stream Geometry ........................................................................................................ 27
8.2 Vegetation Success Criteria ........................................................................................................................ 28
- 1 -

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10. Site Location Map ................................................................................................................................
Watershed Area ....................................................................................................................................
Soils of the Watershed .........................................................................................................................
Land Use within the Watershed .....................................................................................................
Existing Conditions in Project Reach .................................................................................................
Existing Plant Communities ................................................................................................................
Reference Reach Location ..................................................................................................................
Proposed Stream Channel ........ .
Proposed Cross Sections .....................................................................................................................
Proposed Vegetation Planting Zones .................................................................................................. . 2
. 3
. 5
7
10
12
17
20
21
24
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Land use in project watershed (Franklin County, 2003) ..................................... :.......................................... 6
Table 2. Endangered and Threatened Species ............................................................................................................. 8
Table 3. Morphological Characteristics of the Existing and Proposed Channel and Reference Reaches .................. 15
Table 4. Grass and Herb Seed Mix ............................................................................................................................ 25
Table 5. Live Stake Species List ................................................................................................................................ 26
Table 6. Floodplain Species List ............................................................................................................................... 26
Table 7. Slope Species List ........................................................................................................................................ 27

Appendix A. Photo Log
Appendix B. Existing Conditions Data
Appendix C.
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A Reference Reach Data
t
ils
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ppen a
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Appendix E. Proposed Profile

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1. INTRODUCTION
The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) plans to restore a portion of an un-
named tributary to Billy's Creek in Franklin County. Billy's Creek is located in the Tar River
drainage basin. Billy's Creek is considered Class WS-IV; NSW waters (Index No. 28-20)
according to NC Division of Water Quality. The project site is located in the Piedmont hydro-
physiographic province of North Carolina northwest of the city limits of Franklinton in Franklin
County (Figure 1). The area is located in the Northern Outer Piedmont Ecoregion of North
Carolina (Griffith, et al, 2002). The stream flows through agricultural land and has been
significantly impacted by livestock grazing within the watershed, livestock utilization of the
stream for watering, and removal of some of the riparian vegetation. The channel has been
modified and the floodplain drained to facilitate the construction of a pond. The pond was never
constructed. The section of stream where this restoration project will be conducted is found on
the Kittrell USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle map.
2. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program has the following goals and objectives for the
Billy's Creek Stream Restoration project.
1) To restore the tributary to Billy's Creek to a more natural dimension, pattern and profile so
that the stream will be able to fully transport water and sediment loads provided by the
watershed.
2) To reconnect the channel to it's historic floodplain where feasible.
3) To eliminate the excessive sediment contribution to the system by the mass wasting and
erosion of the stream banks along the reach.
4) To repair and restore the riparian corridor along Billy's Creek in order to improve habitat and
protect the stream from further erosion.
3. SITE LOCATION
The section of stream channel included in this restoration project is located south of SR 1210
(Montgomery Road), approximately three miles east of US I to the northeast of Franklinton on
property privately held by the Grove family. The reach runs north to south through pasture.
Unpaved farm roads demarcate the north and south end of the project reach (Figure 1). The
reach flows approximately 2000 feet from the northern property line to the fence line near the
southern border of the property.
4. GENERAL WATERSHED DESCRIPTION
4.1 Watershed Drainage Area
The drainage area for the tributary to Billy's Creek is approximately 143 acres or 0.22 square
miles (Figure 2). A ridge approximately 800 feet north of Montgomery Road forms the north
boundary of the project watershed. Montgomery Road (SR 1210) runs east-west through the
I northern third of the watershed. The watershed can be roughly divided in half by the unpaved

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Billy's Greek Stream Restoration Project f, I l .?(? A?r p -
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Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
Wedowee (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) - (53.9 percent of the watershed).
The soil is a sandy loam. The series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately
permeable soils that formed in residuum from weathered crystalline rock of the Piedmont
Plateau. These soils are on narrow ridges and on side slopes of uplands.
4.3 Land use and Zoning
4.3.1 Existing Conditions
Agriculture and open space and agriculture and residential comprises almost the entirety of land
use within the project area watershed, with a small area of roadway and high density residential
(Figure 4, Table 1). Most of the agricultural land is in cattle pasture; however a substantial
portion is forested. There are two residences and several farm buildings within the watershed.
All of the project area is zoned as an Agricultural-Residential District. This zoning designation
permits a mixture of agricultural, forestry, conservation, and very low-density residential uses
with few public services (Franklin County, 2003).
Table 1. Land use in project watershed (Franklin County, 2003).
Percent of
Land Use T e Acres Watershed
Agriculture & Open
Space 86.4 60.7
Residential &
Agricultural 53.5 37.6
Parking &
Transportation 2.25 1.6
High Density
Residential 0.3 0.2
Grand Total 142.5 100.0
4.3.2 Future Conditions
Future land use is not expected to differ from current conditions. There is the possibility for
further building, as the entire area is zoned for agriculture/residential use, however development
of any sort will likely be limited to a few homes or farm related buildings scattered through the
area (Franklin County 2003).
4.4 Endangered/Threatened Species Documentation
The project is located in Franklin County on the Kittrell USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle map. The
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
(NCNHP) databases were searched for known endangered or threatened species on March 26,
2003 (Table 2).

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Figure 4 - Land Use within the Watershed Mr, A
Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Project , ,pow
4y-;7- - ti Rged Read, LAN D U S E
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+'? + fey
Ffigh Dersity Residential 1:12,000
Billy's Leek Stream
Restoration Project fvledium Derrity Residential
Residential & Agricultval MS
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Figure 2 - Watershed Area
Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Project
BiIIVs Creek Stream
Restoration Project
Project Reach
Unnamed Tributary to BilVs Creek
USTopo Quad: Kittrell (1979)
MAdr
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Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
1
farm road that crosses east-west at the north end of the restoration project reach. Ridges from the
northernmost point form the watershed's western and eastern edges as they slope down toward
Billy's Creek. The south end of project watershed is at the point where an unpaved farm road
crosses the subject channel approximately 300 feet upstream from the confluence with Billy's
Creek.
4.2 Soils of the Watershed
According to the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation
Service, Soil Survey of Franklin County, North Carolina, Wedowee is the primary soil unit that
is dominant within the watershed (1998) (Figure 3). The Wedowee unit consists of well-drained,
yellowish-brown to brownish yellow loamy soils found on uplands. The major soil types found
in the tributary to Billy's Creek watershed include:
• Altavista (Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Aquic Hapludults) - (11.4 percent of the
watershed). The series consists of typically sandy or loamy sediment. The soil is moderately
well drained, nearly level and gently sloping soils on low stream terraces. The soil formed in
alluvial deposits.
• Cecil (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) - (8.2 percent of the watershed). The
soil consists of sandy or clay loams. The series has well-drained, gently sloping to strongly
sloping soils of the uplands. They formed in residuum that weathered from granite, gneiss,
and other acidic rocks.
• Chewacla and Wehadkee - (16.7 percent of the watershed).
Chewacla (Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts) - The series
consists of nearly level, somewhat poorly drained soils of the stream flood plains and formed
in recent alluvium. This soil is classified as a hydric soil.
Wehadkee (Fine-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts) The
series consists of very deep, poorly drained and very poorly drained soils on flood plains
along streams. They are formed in loamy sediments.
• Pacolet (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) - (2.4 percent of the watershed).
These are fine sandy loams to clay loams. They are well-drained, gently sloping to steep
soils of the uplands. They formed in residuum from weathered granite, mica gneiss, schist,
and other acidic rocks.
• Wake-Saw-Wedowee Complex - (7.3 percent of the watershed).
Wake (Mixed, thermic Lithic Udipsamments). This series consists of excessively drained,
shallow, sandy soil on uplands of the Southern Piedmont. The soil formed in residuum
weathered from igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks such as granite and gneiss.
Saw (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults). This series consists of moderately
deep, well drained soils on ridges and side slopes of uplands. They formed in residuum
weathered from felsic igneous rocks such as porphyritic granite and granite.
Wedowee (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults). The soil is a sandy loam. The
series is a very deep, well drained soil that formed in residuum from weathered crystalline
rock of the Piedmont Plateau.

I
I Table 2. Endangered and Threatened Species.

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Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
Federal and State Protected Plant and Animal Species
Potentially Occurring in the Billy's Creek Stream Project Area

Scientific Name
Common Name Status''"
Federall State Found in
COUnty2'3 Found on 2
Quadrangle '
Listing Details
FISH
Lampetra aepyptera Least Brook
Lamprey NF / T X Current in County
MOLLUSKS
lasmidonta heterodon Dwarf
ed emussel E / E X Current in County
lasmidonta undulate Triangle Floater NF / T X Current in County
Elliptio lanceolate Yellow Lance FSC / E X X Current in County
Elliptio steinstansana Tar River
S in mussel E / E X Current in County
Fusconaia masoni Atlantic Pigtoe FSC / E X Current in County
Lampsilis cariosa Yellow Lampmussel FSC / E X X Current in County
Lampsilis radiata radiate Eastern
Lam mussel NF / T X Current in County
Strophitus undulatus Squawfoot NF / T X X Current in County
PLANTS
Camassia scilloides 5 Wild Hyacinth NF / T X Current on Quad
Isoetes piedmontana Piedmont Quillwort NF / T X Current in County
Portulaca smalld Small's Portulaca NF / T X Current in County
Rhus michauxii Michaux's Sumac E / E-SC X Current in County
TAIL species are Federal or State listed
T = Threatened
E = Endangered
z Based on County Distribution Lists
3 Based on Historic Documented Sightings (Natural Heritage Databases or State Wildlife Agency Databases)
' NF=No Federal legal status, FSC=Federal Species of Concern
5 Found in areas on the quadrangle, but not found in Franklin County.
The search yielded no federally listed Endangered or Threatened species within the quadrangle
boundaries; however, three federally listed species are found in the county. Besides those three,
the state lists nine other species as State Endangered or Threatened within Franklin County. One
species, wild hyacinth (Camasia scilliodes), is found on the Kittrell Quadrangle within Vance
County and is not known to occur in Franklin County at this time.
There is potential for the wild hyacinth to be found within the particular quadrangle boundaries;
however, there are known occurrences of the species in Franklin County. The wild hyacinth is
not Federally listed but is State-listed as Threatened. Wild hyacinth habitat includes moist
meadows and thickets, rich levees, slopes and bottomlands. The project area does contain

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Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
potential wild hyacinth habitat, however, the site is grazed by cattle at this time and it is unlikely
that the species could persist. The restoration of the site and restriction of cattle within the
stream and surrounding buffer could create habitat for the species in the future.
The Piedmont quillwort (Isoetes piedmontana) and Small's Portulaca (Portulaca smallii) are
State-listed as Threatened. Habitat for the species includes granite flatrocks and diabase glades.
Small's Portulaca is generally restricted to granite outcrops that occur along the outer margin of
the Piedmont province. The project area does not contain any granite outcrops or diabase glades;
therefore, the species will not be affected in any way by the project.
Michaux's sumac (Rhus michauxii) is Federally- and State-listed as Endangered. The plant
prefers sandhills, sandy forests, woodlands, and woodland edges. The plant tends to grow best in
disturbed areas, often found along powerline right of ways, roadsides, and where forests have
been opened up by harvest or blowdowns from storms. Although the stream is found within a
woodland area, it is not an area that would support Michaux's sumac due to the overhead
canopy.
The least brook lamprey (Lampetra aepyptera) is State-listed as Threatened. The species is
found in the county and habitat includes the Tar and Neuse drainages. The species prefers clean,
clear gravel riffles and runs of creeks and small rivers. Although, the fish is found in the county,
this tributary to Billy's Creek would not support the fish and it is highly unlikely that the species
will be affected in any way by restoration of this stream reach.
Eight species of Federally- or State listed Endangered or Threatened mussels are found within
Franklin County and three of those are found on the Kittrell Quadrangle. The tributary to Billy's
Creek is a small stream channel and can not support the mussel or fish species listed in the
county. However, the stream drains into Billy's Creek which flows into the Tar River. Due to
that fact, special concern will be taken during construction to minimize or avoid any negative
impacts to the mussel species that could be found in the Tar Drainage.
5. EXISTING STREAM CONDITIONS
5.1 Description
The project reach of the un-named tributary to Billy's Creek is a 1800-foot long section of a
perennial, degraded stream that occupies the lower portion of a 0.22 square mile drainage area
(Figure 5 and Appendix A). The project reach is framed by 30-inch diameter culverts under
unpaved farm roads at the north and south ends and pastured slopes to the east and west. There
is at least one intermittent and four or more ephemeral tributary channels that flow into the
project channel segment. The ephemeral channels were created to provide drainage within the
floodplain. Approximately 600 feet south of the northern end of the project, the stream runs
through an area of fairly active floodplain. Here, wetlands have developed in the relict channels
and floodplain adjacent to the main channel of the stream. Downstream from this area, severe
incision in the stream channel becomes apparent following a major grade control point. It
appears that several trees and their root systems are providing the grade control at this location.
The soil downstream of the trees is actively eroding and threatening the root system of these
trees.
Downstream of the grade control point, the floodplain and stream system has been modified.
Drainage ditches were cut within the floodplain to allow for grading to install a pond. The pond

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August 11, 2003
was never installed, but areas of spoil line the banks of the stream throughout this reach. The
banks range from four to six feet high. The culvert at the southern end of the project has
provided a grade control point preventing the stream from down cutting further. The banks are
steep and largely unvegetated. There are several boulder outcrops throughout the reach that are
providing additional grade control.
5.2 Soils of the stream site
The United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil
Survey of Franklin County, North Carolina (1998), indicated soils present along the tributary to
Billy's Creek are exclusively Chewacla and Wehadkee (see Figure 3). The Chewacla series
consists of nearly level, somewhat poorly drained soils of stream floodplains. The Wehadkee
series consists of poorly drained soils on nearly level to slightly concave slopes. These soils are
alluvium from soils that formed in residuum derived from metamorphic or igneous rock.
The Chewacla and Wehadkee soil units are recognized by the United States Department of
Agri culture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) as hydric soils or soils that may
have inclusions of hydric soils within the proposed project area (NRCS, 1995). Hydric soil
characteristics are evident along the existing stream in areas identified as wetlands; however, the
length of the entire stream reach does not exhibit hydric soils or jurisdictional wetlands (see
Section 7.2 for a discussion of wetland impacts).
5.3 Existing Vegetative Communities and Wildlife Observations
There are four distinct vegetative communities adjacent to the project reach of the unnamed
tributary to Billy's Creek (Figure 6). Three of these community types are described by Schafale
and Weakley (1990).
• Piedmont/Mountain Bottomland Forest. A belt averaging approximately 200 feet wide at the
bottom of the valley forms the vegetative matrix around the project segment of the stream.
In most areas the dominant canopy species were American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis),
sweetgum, and red maple. Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), black willow (Salix nigra),
ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana), and American elm (Ulmus americana) were also present.
The shrub level was fairly dense at the pasture margins and became sparser toward the
riparian area. Shrub species present included Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and
saplings of the canopy tree species. Grape (Vitus spp.), sweetbrier (Smilax spp.), poison ivy
(Toxicodendron radicans) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) were present
throughout. In the lower half of the project reach, thickets of Chinese privet with
honeysuckle were very dense.
• Sand and Mud Bar. This community was located centered on the stream channel within the
bottomland forest matrix. It appears to cover around 12,000 square feet at the approximate
halfway point on the project reach. The Sand and Mud Bar community appears to experience
frequent flooding and accumulations of alluvial deposits typical of this community type were
noted. The upper canopy in this community was not closed and was dominated by black
willow, sweetgum, and red maple. Scattered individual American elms were also present.
The shrub layer was very sparse and was composed of scattered saplings of the canopy tree
species and some small Chinese privet. The herb layer was also very sparse and contained

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FRANKLIN COUNTS
FIGURE 6-I
•"• > DEPARTMENT OF 1Y doo EXISTING PLANT
ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
Ifi TTLE:
COMMUNITIES R= • ?? ;r+h ??lnc
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RESTORATION PLAN
Morrisville. North i:orollno 27560
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FIGURE 6-2

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, DEPARTMENT OF
EXISTING PLANT
ENVIRONMENT AND TITLE: _ • . _.
NATURAL RESOURCES COMMUNITIES 1600 Perimeter Porx Drive
0 0 RESTORATION PLAN Morrisville, North Corol7no 27560
TELEPHONE [phone] FAX [phone]

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11

I

Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
scattered sprouts of Japanese honeysuckle and patches of chickweed (Stellaria media). Some
larger vines of catbrier and Japanese honeysuckle were also noted.
• Low Elevation Seep. Two examples of this community type were identified in pasture areas
up-slope of the bottomland forest matrix. One was on the west side of the project reach at
the project's southern end and adjacent to the unpaved farm road. The other was on the east
side of the project reach, approximately 50 feet south of northern unpaved farm road.
Vegetation identified in both locations is typical of these communities. Species observed
included Juncus spp., Carex spp., elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), blackberry (Rubes
spp.), black willow, sweetgum, and honeysuckle. Standing water approximately 12 inches
deep was noted in both areas and thick algal growth was observed in the water.
A community type identified adjacent to the project reach is not regarded as a naturally occurring
community, but resulted from human induced disturbance and is described for purposes of this
report.
• Cultivated Grass. Upslope to the east and west of the project channel, the pastured hillsides
are vegetated in agricultural grasses and have scattered individuals or small clumps of trees,
predominantly sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and red maple (Acer rubra).
Wildlife species were noted in the study area through direct observation and signs such as tracks
and scat. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) were observed directly. Tracks and scat were
noted for eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and whitetail deer
(Odocoileus virginianus). A ground hog (Marmota monax) den was identified on the east slope
above the project stream and southern chorus frogs (Pseudacris nigrita) were heard vocalizing
near the stream. Many bird species were observed; all are common throughout the Piedmont of
North Carolina. Species observed included song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), white throated
sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), brown thrasher
(Toxostoma rufum), American robin (Turdus migratorius), Carolina chickadee (Poecile
carolinensis), tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor), and red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus).
5.4 Wetlands within the Project Area
Six wetland areas were identified within the project area. One of the wetland areas was
identified as a Sand and Mud Bar community. Two were identified as Low Elevation Seep
communities. The other three wetland areas were located within the Piedmont Bottomland
Forest community bordering the project stream segment. These communities are described in
Section 5.3 above.
The soil underlying these wetland areas was identified from the soil survey as Chewacla and
Wehadkee (Figure 3). The Chewacla series consists of nearly level, somewhat poorly drained
soils of stream floodplains. The Wehadkee series consists of poorly drained soils on nearly level
to slightly concave slopes. Both soil units are recognized by the NRCS as either hydric soils or
potentially containing inclusions of hydric soils (NRCS, 1995). Standing water was apparent in
all wetland areas. These areas were delineated by the three parameter method (Environmental
Laboratories, 1987) in the spring of 2003, however jurisdictional concurrence has not been
granted by United States Army Corps of Engineers.
13
I

fl

Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
5.5 Stream Classification
Most of the unnamed tributary to Billy's Creek is a class G5c with a section of E5 according to
the Rosgen stream classification system. The width to depth ratio ranges from 5.2 to 10.4. The
entrenchment ratio is between 1.3 and 2.9 for the entire reach and the slope is approximately
0.6% in the E section and 1.5% in the G5c. The sinuosity of the E section is 1.32 and the
sinuosity of the G5c is 1.1. The morphologic characteristics are included in Table 3.
5.5.1 Dimension
The cross sectional area within the project reach was measured at two riffle cross sections (see
Figure 5 and Appendix B). The first cross section in the flat sinuous section of the tributary.
The cross sectional area was approximately 7.3 square feet. This cross sectional area is just
below the Rural NC regional curve. The regional curve does not include data for drainage areas
of this size. The equation was used to extrapolate the curve for the project site. A pool cross
section was also taken in this section. The cross sectional area was 10.3 square feet. The second
set of cross sections was taken in the impacted reach. The bankfull cross sectional area of the
riffle was 8.2 square feet. This cross sectional area is very close to the 8 square feet calculated
for the Rural Piedmont Regional Curve. The pool had a cross sectional area of 15 square feet.
5.5.2 Pattern
The sinuosity of the stream channel of the E channel is 1.3. There is one significant section of
meander bends about 100 feet downstream of the start of the project. The radii range from 14
feet to 23 feet and the beltwidth is between 27 and 38 feet. The meander length was between 31
and 43 feet. Downstream of these meanders, the stream is straight with intermittent bends.
Downstream of the grade control the stream is fairly straight with only the necessary bends to
follow the fall of the valley. It appears that the stream was pushed to one side of the floodplain.
The channel was modified and has been cleaned out with heavy equipment. It appears to be just
beginning the lateral migration process.
5.5.3 Profile
' The stream lacks a significant riffle-pool sequence. The channel is riffle-run with lateral scour
pools. A representative longitudinal profile is included in Appendix B. The overall slope of the
channel is approximately 1.25%. Much of this slope is dissipated in several steep drops of more
than two feet in some cases. The slope of the E section is approximately 0.6% and the slope of
the G section is approximately 1.5%. The longitudinal profile showed a representative slope of
0.7% in the surveyed section.
' 5.5.4 Channel Substrate Material
The channel is sandy with small gravel in the riffles. Upstream of the impacted reach, the
' dominant channel material is slightly more coarse. There are some boulder outcrops within the
reach. The D50 of the channel is approximately a 1.3 mm sand particle.

14
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= Linnanied Tributary b Billy's Creek
JSTopo Quad: Kittrell (1979)
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Figure 7 - Reference Reach Location
Billy's Greek Stream Restoration Project

1

Table 3. Morphological Characteristics of the Existing Channel,
Proposed Channel, and Reference Reach Data
VARIABLES MEAN/ RANGE EXISTING CHANNEL
REACHI EXISTING CHANNEL
REACH2 PROPOSED
CHANNEL LIT to LIT to Billy's
Creek REFERENCE
REACH
Stream Type E5 G5c E5 E5
Drainage Area (sq mi) 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.16
Mean: 8.7 6.5 9 6.3
Bankful width (ft) Range. 6.2-6.3
Mean 0.8 1.3 0.88 0.71
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) Range: 0.68-0.74
Mean: 10.4 5.2 10.1 8.9
Width/Depth Ratio Ran e: 8.6-9.3
Mean: 7.3 8.2 8 4.5
Bankfull Cross-sectional Area Range 4.2-4.7
Bankfull Mean Velocity (ft/s)
(Mannings) Mean: 3.1 3.7 3.4 2.9
Bankfuu Discharge (cfs)
(Mannings) Mean: 22.5 30.2 27 13
Bankfull Maximum Depth Mean: 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.05
(dmax) (ft) Range: 1.0-1.1
Mean 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.47
Max driff/dbkf ratio Range 1.47-1.49
Mean: 1.25 3 1 1
Low bank height to Max (ft) Ranger 1
Width of Flood Prone Area Mean: 25.3. 8.3 **at least 36
(wfpa) (n) Range: 20 ft 33-39
Mean: 2.9 1.3 >2.2 5.7
Entrenchment ratio (wfpa/wbk Range: 5.3-6.2
Mean 36 35 56 40.1
Meander Length (Lm) (ft) Range: 31-43 29-74 28.7-48.7
Ratio of Meander Length to Mean: 4.1 5.4 6.2 6.4
Bankfull Width(Lmlwbkf) Range: 3.6-4.9 3.2-8.3 4.6-7.7
Mean: 18 21 21 16.4
Radius of Curvature (Rc) Range 14-23 13-32 12.5-34.5 10.2-29
Ratio of Radius of curvature. to Mean: 2.1 3.2 2.4 2.6
bankfull Width(Rc/wbkf) Range: 1.6-2.6 2-4.9 1.4-3.8 1.6-4.6
Mean: 34 14 25 17.1
Belt Width (wblt) (ft) Range: 27-38 13-15 16-35 13.2-21.5
Meander Width Ratio Mean: 3.9 2.2 2.8 2.7
(wblthvbkf) Range: 3.1-4.4 2-2.3 1.8-3.9 2.1-3.4
Sinuosity (stream length/valley
distance) (k) 1.32 1.11 1.22 1.2
Valley Slope (ftlft) 0.740% 1.700% 1.460% 0.9%
Average Slope (savg) 0.560% 1.500% 1.190% 0.8%
Mean: ' 0.60% 0.50% 0.35%
Pool Slope (spool) Range: 0-1% 0-1%
Ratio of Pool Slope to Average Mean 0.40 0.42 0.45
Slope (spool/sbkf) Range: 0-0.66
Maximum Pool Depth (dpool) Mean: 1.9 2.3 1.8 1.4
00 Ranger 1.2-1.6
Ratio of Pool Depth to Average Mean: 2.4 1.8 2.0 2
Bankful) Depth (dpool/dbkf)
Range: 1 .7-2.2
Mean: 9.5 9.7 12.6
Pool Width (wpool) (ft) Range:
Ratio of Pool Width to Bankfull Mean: 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.2
Width (wpool/wbkf) Range: 0.9-1.4
Ratio of Pool Area to Bankfull Mean: 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.15
Area Range 1.1-1.2
Mean: * 22 31.1 18
Pool to Pool Spacing (p-p) (ft) Range: 20-23.5 18.1-49.9 11.7-26.7
Ratio of p-p spacing to bankfull Mean: 3.4 3.5 2.9
width(p-plwbkf) Range: 3.1-3.6 2-5.5 1.9-4.2
*Detailed profile not taken - sections taken for classification purposes only.
-in most cases the floodprone area is much greater than 20 ft. The final grading limits have not been established at this point, but the
' entrenchment ratio will be no less than 2.2.
Billy's Morphologic table
' Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
' 6. STREAM REFERENCE REACH STUDY
6.1 Reference Reach: Un-named Tributary, Franklin County, NC
The drainage area of the un-named stream used for reference data measures approximately 102
acres (.16sgmi). This stream runs into a larger tributary to Billy's Creek approximately 4,500 ft
due south of the project area (Figure 7). The drainage area for this stream section lies between
SR 1219 and SR 1210.
1 6.1.1 Stream Classification
Reference data was collected along 108 feet of the channel. In this reach, the stream is a first
order, perennial type E5 stream. The reach had an average riffle cross sectional area of 4.5 with
a width to depth ratio of 9. The entrenchment ratio was approximately 5.7. The sinuosity was
1.2. The radius of curvature ranged from 10.2 to 29 feet. The section of the stream that was
surveyed was fairly flat. Upstream and downstream of the surveyed reach, the stream had either
bedrock or large boulders providing areas of steps to dissipate the energy due to the slope. The
remaining information and photos are included in the morphological table (Table 3) and in
I Appendix C.
6.1.2 Solis of the Watershed and Stream Site
The watershed of Reference Reach 1 falls across five different soil series types. Wedowee
Sandy Loam has been identified as the primary soil unit within the watershed (USDA 1998).
Reference Reach 1 is situated in the Wake-Wateree Complex soil unit. The major soil types
found within the watershed of Reference Reach 1 include (USDA 1998):
• Appling (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) - (11.9 percent of the watershed).
These soils are very deep, well drained, and moderately permeable soils on ridges and side
slopes of Piedmont uplands. They formed in residuum weathered from felsic igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
' • Cecil (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) - (10.1 percent of the watershed). The
soil consists of sandy or clay loams. The series has well-drained, gently sloping to strongly
sloping soils of the uplands. They formed in residuum that weathered from granite, gneiss,
and other acidic rocks.
• Chewacla and Wehadkee - (2.1 percent of the watershed).
Chewacla (Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts) - The series
consists of nearly level, somewhat poorly drained soils of the stream flood plains and formed
in recent alluvium. This soil is classified as a hydric soil.
Wehadkee (Fine-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, thermic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts) The
series consists of very deep, poorly drained and very poorly drained soils on flood plains
along streams. They are formed in loamy sediments.
• Wake-Wateree Complex (6.1 percent of the watershed). Reference Reach 1 flows through
this soil unit.
16
' Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
Wake (Mixed, thermic Lithic Udipsamments). This soil consists of excessively drained,
shallow, sandy soil on uplands of the Southern Piedmont. The soil formed in residuum
' weathered from igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks such as granite and gneiss.
Wateree (Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Dystrochrepts). This soil is
moderately deep, well drained, and found on ridges and hill slopes in the Piedmont. It is
formed of residuum weathered from felsiccrystalline rock, commonly granite and gneiss.
• Wake-Saw-Wedowee Complex - (7.3 percent of the watershed).
Wake (Mixed, thermic Lithic Udipsamments) This series consists of excessively drained,
shallow, sandy soil on uplands of the Southern Piedmont. The soil formed in residuum
weathered from igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks such as granite and gneiss.
Saw (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) This series consists of moderately deep,
well drained soils on ridges and side slopes of uplands. They formed in residuum weathered
from felsic igneous rocks such as porphyritic granite and granite.
Wedowee (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) The soil is a sandy loam. The
series is a very deep, well drained soil that formed in residuum from weathered crystalline
rock of the Piedmont Plateau.
• Wedowee Sandy Loam (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) - (59.7 percent of the
watershed). This is a very deep, well drained sandy loam typically found on convex side
slopes in the Piedmont.
6.1.3 Vegetative Communities and Wildlife Observations
There are two distinct natural communities adjacent to Reference Reach 1 (Schafale and
Weakley 1990). It should be noted that this site is at the eastern edge of the Piedmont near the
Coastal Plain and there is some mixing of community types and species between the two eco-
regions.
• Piedmont/Mountain Bottomland Forest. This community was observed bordering the stream
in the floodplain. Species forming the upper canopy included sweetgum, red maple, tulip
poplar, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), and bitternut
' hickory (Carya cordiformis). The shrub layer was fairly open and composed of saplings of
the canopy tree species and other species including black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), ironwood
(Carpinus caroliniana), American holly (Ilex opaca), flowering dogwood (Corpus florida),
and strawberry bush (Euonymus americanus). This community had a rich, dense herb layer
with jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), sedges (Carex spp), netted chainfern (Woodwardia
' areolata), ferns and other herbaceous material. Grape, sweetbrier, poison ivy were present
throughout. Japanese honeysuckle was the only invading exotic species noted and very few
individuals were observed.
• Mixed Mesic Hardwood Forest. This community was observed on the slopes bordering the
floodplain. Dominant tree species included tulip poplar, beech (Fagus grandifolia), white
oak (Quercus alba), northern red oak (Q. rubra), and loblolly pine. Swamp chestnut oak and
' red maple were also present in the upper canopy. Shrub species observed in this community
included deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), eastern
redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), flowering dogwood, American holly, and black gum. The
18
Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
herb layer in this area was very sparse
scattered individuals.
Grape, sweetbrier, poison ivy were present as
Wildlife species were noted by direct observation and the presence of signs such as tracks and
scat. Many individual tufted and ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) were both seen and heard
vocalizing in the hardwood community. Ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris),
red-shouldered hawk, northern flickers (Colaptes auratus) were heard vocalizing and flying.
Several American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) appeared to be utilizing a roost tree located
near the southern end of the study reach. Tracks, scat, and disturbance signs were observed for
whitetail deer, raccoon, rabbit, and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).
7. STREAM RESTORATION PLAN
7.1 Stream Classification
An E5 stream type is proposed (Figure 8). Since some of the existing channel is already this
stream type, the new channel will be raised to meet the floodplain where feasible and the E
channel will be created. According to the landowner, prior to the modifications, the channel was
very narrow and sinuous with a very wet floodplain. Therefore, the creation of an E type
channel will allow for a narrow channel that has access to the floodplain. The removal of the
drainage ditches will allow the floodplain to function as it has historically.
The slope required to meet the existing culvert at the end of the project will necessitate the
installation of several steps. The majority of the stream restoration will be a Priority I
restoration where the stream will be raised and reconnected to the floodplain. There will be
some areas that the stream cannot be raised all the way to the floodplain and therefore these areas
will be considered a Priority 2 restoration (Rosgen, 1997).
7.1.1 Dimension
The cross sectional area proposed has an area of approximately 8 square feet, which was field
verified in the existing condition survey and by the Piedmont Rural Regional Curve. The width
to depth ratio in the proposed stream is 10.1. While this is higher than the width to depth ratio of
the reference reaches, this will allow for a constructible stream with no more than 2 to 1 side
slopes. A lower width to depth ratio channel is very difficult to build and stabilize. A bankfull
bench has been included in the cross section and will only be used where necessary. In most
cases the floodplain will be the same as the existing ground surface. Where necessary the bench
will be at least 20 feet wide.

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Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
Figure 9. Proposed Cross Sections.
101.5-
101
100.5
c
m 100
w 99.5-
99-
no 5
Riffle Tributary to Billy's Creek
- -
- - -- ----- - -- --- -
--------------- --
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------- -- ----------- ----------- ---- - - - - - - - -

20:1 Slope for drainage - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
---------- ---------
--------- ----
----
----- -
-----
---
Bankfull width=9' - -'
------ ---- -
- -
---- ---- ----------
7 7

--
------- --- -------
-- -- -
- -- ---------

' -
' -- -
-

2:1 bank slope

i -'
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- W/d ratio = 10.1

Mean depth= 0.9' -
Max depth=1.3' -
----
- ----
0 5
101
100.5
100
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99.5
w 99-
98.5-
no
10 15
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Pool Tributary to Billy's Creek
20 25
i _ --
20:1 Slope for drainage
-

---- ----------
E Bankfull width=12.6'
--- -
- - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
--
-
------- ---------- -

-

6.5:1 slope
- ------
------------------

2:] bank s
T r lope

--
Mean depth= 0.8'

Max depth=1.8'
-- Bankfull Area=9.7 ft

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
7.1.2 Pattern
The sinuosity of the proposed stream is 1.22 with a radius of curvature range of 12.5 to 34.5 feet
with a ratio of 1.4 to 3.8. The existing meander bend is the only area where the radius ratio is
less than two to ensure constructability. The belt width r es- fro 6 to 35 feet with a meander
width ratio of 1.8 to 3.9. The average meander width io is 3.8, ich is close to the average
for the reference reach. The range is slightly larger thrthe refer ce reach due to the existing
21

I
Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
ground surface and the existing meander bends that are being enhanced. The stream was located
toward the center of the valley and this required turning in several places the match the fall of the
valley. In most cases, the reference reaches were very well vegetated with mature vegetation,
contributing to their ability to maintain a stable meander with less than a 2.0 radius of curvature
ratio. The proposed channel will not have this type of vegetation available to protect the stream
banks following construction, therefore rock vanes and root wads will be used to protect the
meander bends (see Appendix D for vane details).
7.1.3 Profile

I

The profile of the channel will be improved to allow for defined riffles and pools. The existing
overall slope of the stream is 1.24%. The slope will be slightly decreased due to the change in
length of the channel to 1.19%. The slope is dictated by the existing culverts under the farm
roads at the beginning and the end of the project. The maximum riffle slope will be 1.1%.
Several steps will be included in the profile to provide the drop necessary. The steps will be
used to dissipate the energy within the channel and provide grade control. The maximum pool
slope will be 0.5% which is within the range of the reference reach. The slope on the pool is
necessary to follow the existing ground surface. The pool to pool spacing ratio ranges from 2.0
to 5.5. This is outside of the range of the reference reach due to some long pool areas that had to
be incorporated to follow the fall of the valley and because of existing meander bends. The
energy in these areas will be dissipated with a step, which will provide a scour hole. The
proposed profile is included in Appendix E.
7.1.4 Sediment Transport Analysis
The existing shear stress in the channel was calculated to be 0.32 (E section) and 0.42 (G
section) pounds per square foot using the following equation:
z = 62.4 * R * S Equation 1.
where
62.4 = density of water lbs/cu ft
R = hydraulic radius of the stream (ft) (Area/wetted perimeter)
S = Channel Slope (ft/ft)
The particle sizes from Shield's diagram are approximately 18 mm and 25 mm respectively. The
proposed channel Shear stress is 0.37 pounds per square foot. The particle size from Shield's
diagram is approximately 22 mm. The maximum particle size found in the sub-pavement sample
was 24 mm. The largest particles were thrown out of the sample per Rosgen's statement that if
you collect "larger particles from the subpavement than from the pavement layer, do not use
these big rocks to determine the largest particle size' (Rosgen, 2002). The next largest particle
size of 23 mm was used to determine the largest particle size. The data on Shield's diagram with
Colorado data shows a range of sizes from 22 mm to approximately 80 mm.
Critical dimensionless shear stress is used for gravel and cobble bed streams, however the
pavement and subpavement sample taken from the project site produced results within the ranges
necessary for the calculations. The critical dimensionless shear stress was calculated to be 0.029.
The required minimum bankfull mean depth was calculated to be 0.54 feet and the minimum
required slope was calculated to be 0.29%.
22
Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
1 ^
z * ci 0872
= 0.0834 * (D50 / D 50)-
1
I Equation 2.
D50 = median diameter of the pavement sample
D 50 = median diameter of the sub - pavement sample
This equation was used because the ratio of D50/ D 50 was between 3.0 and 7.0.
The channel will include grade control in the form of cross vanes and much of the energy will be
dissipated through a series of steps throughout the project. These steps are necessary to follow
the existing ground slope. The steps will provide energy dissipation and grade control within the
project reach. This will prevent problems with excessive erosion.
7.2 Wetland impacts within the floodplain
The soil survey shows hydric soils within the floodplain of the tributary. A field visit identified
specific areas of wetlands within the project reach. One of the wetland areas will be directly
impacted by the construction of the stream. The impact is less than a 1/3 of an acre. To mitigate
for this impact, the hydrology of the existing floodplain will be restored to allow it to function as
was noted historically by the landowner. The existing ditches that are currently draining the
floodplain will be filled and overland flow will be promoted. In addition, small depressional
areas can be created within the floodplain near. the newly filled ditches to provide a wetland
habitat.
7.3 Proposed Vegetative Communities for un-named tributary to Billy's
Creek Stream Restoration
Prior to the re-vegetation phase of the project, non-native floral species must be removed. Exotic
species currently identified within the project area include Chinese privet and Japanese
honeysuckle. These are fast growing species that will overwhelm and out-compete the plant
communities proposed for stabilization of the new stream channel. These species are found
throughout the project area, but are most prevalent in the southern half.
The proposed plantings will cover the constructed stream banks, floodplain, and slopes between
the floodplain and existing ground level (Figure 10). Generally, throughout the project, the
target natural community to be created is a Piedmont Bottomland Forest. Alteration of the
vegetative makeup of Sand and Mud Bar community will be limited to the removal of the non-
native species currently identified in this area and promotion of existing species.
Immediately following construction activities in the stream bank and floodplain areas, a seed
mixture of temporary or annual grasses, such as rye or millet, and perennial or permanent native
grass and herb species tolerant of moist or wet growing conditions, will be applied (Table 4).
These areas will then be covered with erosion control matting to maintain soil stability. A seed
mixture containing the temporary and permanent species and native species more suited to lower
moisture regimes will be applied on slopes and all other areas where construction activities have
disturbed the soil in addition to areas specified by the project design plans (Table 4).
23
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Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
' Live stakes (Table 5) will be used in stream banks on the outside of meander bends. These will
be planted at a density of two to four stakes per square yard and in a random fashion to appear
more natural. Sources exist for many of these along the existing stream but others may require
offsite sources. These species were selected based on success rates in use as live stakes and
availability in the project area.
Bare root plantings, randomly spaced on six-foot centers, will be placed upslope of the bankfull
benches in the floodplain and slope areas (Tables 6 and 7). Tree species will be installed
individually, but shrub plantings will be installed in same species groups of two to three
individuals with the groups randomly arranged to promote a natural appearance. Plant placement
may be further defined following completion of the design process.
' In some areas a Piedmont Bottomland Forest community exists. As much as possible in these
areas, the zone of construction activity will be limited to lessen damage to individual stems.
Maintaining existing trees in place with intact root masses will contribute to post-construction
stream bank retention. Areas with existing tree canopy will receive primarily herbaceous and
shrub plantings. Further detail will be provided following completion of the design process.
Where opportunities exist to transplant existing trees for re-vegetation, those individuals will be
moved to new positions along the constructed stream section. Individuals considered candidates
for transplanting will not be larger than 1.5 inches in diameter at breast height (1.5"dbh).

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I

Table 4. Grass and Herb Seed Mix.
Location Scientific name Common Name
Eupatorium fistulosum Joe pye weed
Helianthus angustifolius Swamp sunflower
Floodplain & Stream bank Andropogon glomeratus Bushy beard grass
Herbaceous Panicum clandestimum Deertongue
Panicum virgatum Switchgrass
Vernonia noveboracensis Ironweed

Andropogon gerardii Big blue stem
Eupatorium fistulosum Joe pye weed
Panicum virgatum Switchgrass
Slope Herbaceous
Sorghastrum nutans
Indian grass
Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern gama grass
Vernonia noveboracensis Ironweed
1 25
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I Table 5. Live Stake Species List.
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Billy's Creek Stream Restoration Plan
August 11, 2003
Location Scientific name Common Name
Cornus amomum Silky dogwood
Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark
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S Salix nigra Black willow
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Stream Bank Sambucus canadensis Elderberry
Xanthorhiza simplieissima Yellow root
I Table 6. Floodplain Species List
f
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Location Scientific name Common Name
A1nus serrulata Tag alder
Cornus amomum Silky dogwood
Carpinus caroliniana Ironwood
Floodplain Shrub Species Hibiscus moscheutos Marsh mallow
Itea virginica Virginia willow
Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark
Rhododendron viscosum Swamp azalea

Carya ovata Shagbark hickory
Celtis laevigata Sugarberry
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon
ecies
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d Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash
ree
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p Quercus michauxii Swamp Chestnut
oak
Quercus phellos Willow oak
Tilia heterophylla Basswood
26
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Picture 1. Cuivert under farm road at north end of project reach,
looking upstream.

4
Picture 2. Culvert under farm road at north end of project reach,
looking upstream from west bank.

Appendix A. Photo Log
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Picture 3. View of highly eroded east bank approximately 20 feet
downstream from the north end of the project reach.
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Picture 4. View of west bank of eroded area shown in Picture 3
from downstream.
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Picture 5. View facing downstream looking over incised meander
approximately 100' downstream from north end of project.

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Picture 6. Area impacted by livestock crossing. View looking
downstream.
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Picture 7.
downstream.
Picture 8.
upstream.
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Area impacted by livestock crossing. View looking
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Area impacted by livestock crossing. View looking
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Picture 9. North end of Sand and Mud Bar natural community
area. View looking upstream.
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Picture 10. Near the north end of the Sand and Mud Bar natural
community area. View looking toward west bank.
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Picture 15. Eroded stream bank and alluvial deposit in meander.

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Picture 16. Grade control and undercutting in bank.
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Picture 21. Highly incised and eroded stream banks south of center
of project reach.
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Picture 22. Highly incised and eroded stream banks downstream from
Picture 21.
11

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/ ?' ?? ?~ ! 3 the }y ?/Y ¦ ,4 Y}? ? '
?ry r
Picture 27. Highly incised channel. PinN
bankfull bench.
Picture 28.
undercutting.
I
s?,ja+
1Y '!
Y 1?f? / - AY
17-4
v K
Y(?, a r
Highly incised and eroded stream banks. Note
000.
a
flag indicates location of
14
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ilk.
Picture 29. Highly incised and eroded stream banks.
Picture 30

a" 4 ? ?;[y?? ,.{ Ly?yr w yr,
?-,^ .? ` `? - _ ? ? rte'
Highly incised and eroded stream banks.
15
i

»ff 7k?; ? z 4 .P
";
vv,
1? ? y +
T
't
Mr,
"MFG J '? K• •e` ? '. m? ? ? 4
lil-v
L
Picture 33. View looking north and upstream near southern end of
project reach. Note invasive Chinese privet on west bank.
?t k 1
' - } _ rd•,'3. ?, ?_` ? ; rte, .,A?:'?
KN
'I tl.
ri
i
Picture 34. View looking upstream from culvert under farm road at 17
southern end of project reach.

1

a
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W

Appendix B.
Cross Section 1 Riffle Tributary to Billy's Creek
255.5
255
254.5
c 254
0
> 253.5
w
253
252.5
. 252
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
section: a
Riffle
Tributary to Billy's Creek
description
height of instrument (ft)
omit distance FS FS FS W fpa
notes pt. (ft) (ft) elevation bankfull top of bank (ft)
77 255.17
254.23 253.73 254.03
-' 253.73
## . - 253.07
_ 252.63
a 252.64
252.5
252.63
# 252.87
channel Manning's
slope (%) "n"
.s
dimensions
7.3 x-section area 0.8 d mean
8.7 width 9.3 wet P
1.2 d max 0.8 hyd radi
1.5 bank ht 10.4 w/d ratio
25.3 W flood prone area 2.9 ent ratio
# 253.1
_ I# . 253.6
T 254.03
#L _ 253.88
# 254.04
254.53
#l_ ?# 254.96
?J#
#l _

hydraulics
3.1 velocity (ft/sec)
22.5 discharge rate, 0 (cfs)
0.32 shear stress ((lbs/ft sq)
0.41 shear velocity (fUsec)
1.068 unit stream power (lbs/ft/sec)
0.36 Froude number
7.6 friction factor u/u'
18.8 threshold rain size (mm)

check from channel material
4 measured D84 (mm)
61.9 relative roughness 13.0 fric. factor
0.019 Mannin 's n from channel material

The Reference Reach Spreadsheet v2-2 L_Trib To Billy's Creek Dimension
i
i
i
Cross Section 2 Pool Tributary to Billy's Creek
254.5
254
253.5
0
co
253
w
252.5
252

a 1
- - -; -

1 -
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
section:
Pool
Tributary to Billy's Creek
description.
height of instrument (ft)
omit distance FS FS FS
notes
,P .
Pt. (ft) (ft) elevation bankfull top of bank
_ 254.1
N? 254.08 254.08 254.08
254.08
253.73
253.26
252.53
# 252.63
252.49
5 ?# 252.58
Appendix B.
14 16
channel Manning's
slope %j "n"
dimensions
10.3 x-section area 1.1 d mean
9.5 width 10.9 wet P
1.9 d max 0.9 hyd radi
1.9 bank ht ?$ w/d ratio
8:9 W flood prone area 0:9 ent ratio
252.45
252.28
252.2
. 252.44
252.6
253.14
253.13
253.53
254.1
254.23
hydraulics
9 8 velocity (ft/sec)
0 8 discharge rate, Q (cfs)
0.00 shear stress ((lbs/ft s q)
0.00 shear velocity (ft/sec)
0.000 unit stream power (lbs/ft/sec)
9:90 Froude number
8 0 friction factor u/u`
8 8 threshold rain size (mm)

check from channel material
4 measured D84 (mm)
7-"
fric. factor
relative roughness 4-3-.7
0.000 Mannin 's n from channel material
The'Reference Reach Spreadsheet v2-2 L_Trib To Billy's Creek
Dimension

i
i
i
I Cross Section 3 Pool Tributary to Billy's Creek
238
237
236
c 235
0
234
w
233
232
231
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
notes
6??s

section
Pool
Tributary to Billy's Creek
description • •`
height of instrument (ft)
omit
Pt. distance
(ft) FS
(ft )
elevation FS
bankfull FS
top of bank W fpa
(ft) channel
slope (%)
# 237.56 .
237.64 233.61 235.38
I# 233.96
233.11
232.4
l# 231.79
231.32
# 231.35
231.58
Appendix B.
dimensions
15.0 x-section area 1.5 d mean
9.7 width 11.7 wet P
2.3 d max 1.3 hyd radi
4.1 bank ht 6 w/d ratio
0 0 W flood prone area 8:0 ent ratio
231.69
hydraulics
0 8 velocity (ft/sec)
8 8 discharge rate, Q (cfs)
0.00 shear stress ((lbs/ft sq)
0.00 shear velocity (ft/sec)
0.000 unit stream power (lbs/ft/sec)
0-.G0 Froude number
friction factor u/u*
8 0 threshold rain size (mm)
"# 234.43
231.68
-1# 231.8

- 231.88
# 231.78
# 231.79
232.05
€ ! ' 232.08
232.71
233.61
check 'from channel material
4 measured D84 (mm)
413.8 relative roughness 44 6 fric. factor
8:088 Mannin 's n from channel material

235.38
236.1
_
F# 237.04

The Reference Reach Spreadsheet v2-2 L_Trib To Billy's Creek
18
nrnng s
„n"

Dimension
i
Cross Section 4 Riffle Tributary to Billy's Creek
238
237
236
c 235
0
234
W
233
232
231
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
notes

section: M-
Riffle
Tributary to Billy's Creek
description.
height of instrument (ft)
omit distance FS FS FS W fpa channel Manning's
pt. (ft) (ft) elevation bank full top of bank (ft) slope
€ 237.41
237 233.31 237
233.98
233.31
# 232.86
232.02
231.77
231.71
# 231.56
Appendix B.
dimensions
8.2 x-section area 1.3 d mean
6.5 width 8.0 wet P
1.8 d max 1.0 hyd radi
5.4 bank ht 5.2 w/d ratio
8.3 W flood prone area 1.3 ent ratio
231.65
hydraulics
3.7 velocity (ft/sec)
30.2 discharge rate, Q (cfs)
0.42 shear stress ((Ibs/ft sq)
0.46 shear velocity (ft/sec)
1.914 unit stream power (lbs/ft/sec)
0.34 Froude number
8.0 friction factor u/u"
25.2 threshold rain size (mm)
236.21
231.68
231.88
232.06
232.15
232.41
_ 232.61
233.31
234.29
235.51
237.04
check from channel material ;-
4 measured D84 (mm)
92.9 relative roughness 14.0 fric. factor
0.019 Mannin 's n from channel material

The Reference Reach Spreadsheet v2-2 L_Trib To Billy's Creek
Dimension

Appendix B.
Wei hted Pebble Count
Percent Riffle: 52 Percent Run:
-d
Percent Pool: 50 Percent Gl ide: E Pebble Count,
Material Size Range (mm) Total # Tributary to Billy's Creek
tilt/clay 0 0.062 3.0 # --
very fine sand 0.062 0.13 6.0 # Grove property of Franklinton
fine sand 0.13 0.25 7.0 # Note:
medium sand 0.25 0.5 8.0 #
coarse sand 0.5 1 18.0 # Pebble Count, Tributary to Billy's Creek
very coarse sand 1 2 24.0 # 100% _ ...... .
very fine gravel 2 4 19.0 # 90%
-
j l
fine gravel 4 6 9.0 # '
fine gravel 6 8 3.0 # 80% - -
_ _ -_ _ _ - -r -- -
medium gravel 8 11 1.0 # 70%
medium gravel 11 16 1.0 #
?
coarse gravel 16 22 1.0 # 60%
- - ---
-- ----
- -'-
`
coarse gravel 22 32 2.0 # 50% ??- - - - --?
very coarse gravel 32 45 0.0 #

vel
very coarse ra

45 64

0.0

#
40
%

-'
small cobble 64 90 0.0 # 30%
. r - - --- - -
medium cobble 90 128 0.0 # . '

large cobble
128 180
0.0
# 4 20%
2 -
- -
- - -
ve large cobble 180 256 0.0 # a 10% _

?.
l
small boulder 256 362 0.0 #
small boulde 362 512 0.0 # 0%
0 1000 10000
medium boulder 512 1024 0.0 #
0.01 0.1 1 10 10
large boulder 1024 2048 0.0 # Particle Size (mm) ?-.-Cumulative Percent ? Percent Item -Riffle --e-Pool --Run -Glide
very large boulder 2048 4096 0.0 #
bedrock 0.0 # Size percent less than (mm) Percent by substrate type
Weighted Count: 102 D16 D35 1)50 D84 D95 silt/clay sand gravel cobble boulder bedrock
Tru e Total Particle Count: 102 11 0.257 0.78 1.3 4 8 3% 62% 35% 0% 0% 0%
The Reference Reach Spreadsheet v2-2 L_Trib To Billy's Creek Materials
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Appendix C.
0+09 Pool Unnamed Tributary to UT

101.5
101 - - - - -j
100.5-
i o 0 - -- --- -
o
= 99.5 - i -
0)
w 99 - ----------- -
98.5-
98-
i --
97.5
,
0 5 10 15 20
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
25 30
section: ? i
Pool
Unnamed Tributary to UT
Billv's Creek
a
description:
T. her ht of instrument (ft):
omit distance FS.'
notes- pt.. ; (ft), (ft) = .- ;elevation
_ 101.25
99.82
99.54
99.19
98.95
98.02
98.3
98.44
? 99.02
? 99.34
• 99.59
99.74
100.12
100.33
0 100.19
100.73
Rims " 100.45
Trib to Billy's ref reach v2-2 L
FS FS W fpa.. -channel -Manning's
bankfull top of bank =- '(ft)- slope (%) ] "n" -
99.59 99.59
dimensions -
4.9 x-section area 0.8 d mean
6.0 width 7.3 wet P
1.6 d max 0.7 by d radi
1.6 bank ht 74 w/d ratio
8:8 W flood prone area 8 8 ent ratio
hydraulics
9 A velocity (ft/sec
8:9 discharge rate, Q (cfs)
0.00 shear stress ( Ibs/ft s q)
0.00 shear velocity (ft/sec
8 888 unit stream power (Ps/fUsec)
488 Froude number
friction factor u/u`
threshold grain size (mm)
check from channel material
3 measured D84 (mm)
relative roughness ? fric. factor'
888 Manninc's n from channel material
Dimension
MW
I
L
I

Appendix C.
0+25 Riffle Unnamed Tributary to UT
100.5 - -
100 - - i -- '
99.5 - --- - - - - -
c
0
99 -- --- -- -- - - - - --
c6 -
w 98.5 _ f - 98-
'
f
.
97.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Width from River Left to Right (ft)
Riffle
Unnamed Tributary to UT
Billy's Creek
r ` FS- _" FS W .fpa channel, ; Manning's
Mle atii o? bankfull$', top of bank'- {(ft),,,. slope
100.17 i • I
99.87 99.11 99.11
99.52
99.44
99.38
99.21
98.9
98.17
98.22
dimensions
4.7 x-section area 0.7 d mean
6.3 width 7.1 wet P
1.0 d max 0.7 h yd radi
1.0 bank ht 8.6 w/d ratio
39.0 W flood gone area 6.1 ent ratio
98.16
98.08
98.24
98.61
99.11
99.12
99.08
100.13
99.66

3.0 velocity (ft/sec)
14.1 discharge rate, Q (cfs)
0.32 sheaf stress 1bs/ft s q)
0.41 shear velocity #t/sec)
1.082 unit stream power (lbs/ft/sec)
0.38 Froude number
7.4 friction factor u/u'
18.7 threshold rain size (mm)
check front channel material °-
3 measured D84 mm
74.7 relative roughness _ 13.5 fric. factor
0.018 Mannin 's>n from channel, material
Trib to Billy's ref reach v2-2 L Dimension
i
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Appendix C.
___ ?;L. ., ? ?.r?xat. ?Yzd, n[ii. .gin +?-. .?.;.=s t ?-dd.?!`?? 5?:4P`? `+1? ?..,.,._.-.7a?"?n.: s..L..t;xc?wu.rC,hty, k4 a., LiX'?*?F<=???F?'-k? ` ?•4 xLr`;,
99.5
99
98.5
C
° 98
ro
m
W
97.5
97
96.5
Unnamed Tributary to UT Billy's Creek ---
0
Trib to Billy's ref reach v2-2 L
20 40 60 80 100 120
Channel Distance (ft) - -bed water srf X Terrace --+-°° Water Sur • BKF - A x-section
Pattern & Profile
L
Appendix C. Reference Reach Photos

I
I

Picture 1. Outside meander bend where first pool section was
taken.
Picture 2. View of pool and glide.
f
11

I

2

Picture 3. Looking downstream toward second meander.
Picture 4. Riffle cross section taken in this area, looking across
the channel. Note vegetation on banks.

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I

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3
I
Picture 5. Second riffle cross section.
Picture 6. Large meander bend looking downstream.

t

4

Picture 7. Looking upstream below woody debris.
Picture 8. Looking across the channel downstream of woody
debris.

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5

Picture 9. Stream side woody vegetation.
Picture 10. Slope vegetation.

f]

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6
I
Picture 11. Floodplain vegetation.

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FOOTER
APPENDIX D
ROOT WAD TRIBUTARY TO BILLY'S CREEK
(12-20'DIA. TRUNKS;
TRUNK 10-15' LENGTH) BANKFULL STAGE
- NOT TO SCALE
BASEFLOW
CHANNEL BOTTOM
FOOTER LOG CROSS-SECTION
LAN VIEW
ROOT WADS SHOULD BE INSTALLED ONTHE OUTSIDE OF MEANDER BENDS.
THEY SHOULD BE ANGLED UPSTREAM TO DEFLECT THE STREAM FLOW
AWAY FROM THE BANK.
ROOT WAD
PLAN VIEW
BANKFULL BENCH
PLACE KEY-IN STONE WITH 6'OF SOIL
ABOVE TO ALLOW FOR VEGETATION TO
ROOT.
BED ELEVATION
ANKFALL STAGEBI
.. .'. PLACE KEY-IN STONE WITH 6'OF SOIL
pth ,0,.. ABOVE TO ALLOW FOR VEGETATION TO
FLOW ROOT.

E A TRENCH AT THE WIDTHS AND ELEVATIONS SPECIFIED ON THE PLANS.
EXCAVAT
KEY-IN STONE A MIXTURE OF CLASS B AND CLASS A STONE SHOULD BE PLACED IN THE TRENCH

CHANNEL BED
ffl
TO SERVE AS FOUNDATION STONE. THE SLOPE OF THE STRUCTURE SHOULD NOT
CHANNEL EXCEED 10%. ROCKS ARE PLACED IN THE TRENCH FOR FOOTERS PER THE
SUBPAVEME .. DIRECTION OF THE ENGINEER. HEADER ROCKS SHOULD BE PLACED ON TOP OF
THE FOOTER ROCKS AND KEY-IN STONE WILL BE USED TO TIE IN TO THE BANKS.
FILTER SCOUR HOLE THE TOP OF THE KEY-IN STONE SHALL BE APPROXIMATELY 6'BELOW THE
FABRIC PROFILE BANKFULL ELEVATION TO ALLOW VEGETATION TO ROOT. PLACE FILTER FABRIC
ALONG THE UPSTREAM SIDE OF THE STRUCTURE TO JUST BELOW THE BOTTOM
NOTE,THERE SHOULD BE NO GAPS BETWEEN THE ROCKS IN THE CROSS VANE. OF THE FOOTER STONES. BACK FILL WITH SOIL AND COMPACT TO A SIMILAR

CROSS VANE DENSITY OF THE UNDISTURBED SOIL.

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- - - -- - - - - - - - - sz
V
- {+• fie
?gz
- - - - -- _ - ---
- 91
-ij -ill -- - - - - - -- - - 99Z
isz
ali;ad leuipnl!Buo-1 pasodoad
2. drainage area 0.22 0.16 0.22
3. bankfull width 9 6.3 8.240924
4. bankfull mean depth 0.88
? 0.89 wrong bkf value 0.71 0.71 wrong bkf valuf 0.928739
5. width/depth ratio _ 10.1 10.23 A or E 8.87 8.87 A or E
6. bankfull cross-sectional area 8 4.5 7.653668
7. bankfull mean velocity 3.4 too small? 2.9 too small?
8. bankfull discharge, cis 27 13
9. banktun max d?th 1.3 1.48 ok 1.05 1.48 ok 1.373487
10. width of floodprone area __ _ _ 20 36 47.09099
11. entrenchment ratio 2.22 C or E 5.71 5.71 C or E
12. meander ten 56 40.1
_ 52.45413
13. ratio of meander length to bankfull width
14. Radius of curvature _
A
12.5 6.22 too small? 6.4
16.4 6.37 too small?
21.45256
15. Ratio of radius of curvature to bankfull width _ 1.39 too small? _ _2.6 2.60 ok
16. Ben width 25 17.1 22.36822
17. Meander width ratio 2.78 too small? 2.7 2.71 too small?
18. Sinuosi stream ten rhPoalle ten ih _
1.22 _
1.23 ok _ 1.2 1.13 ok
19. Valley slope _ 0.0146_ check slopes 0.009 check slopes
20. Average slope (normal water surface) OA 119 0,008

21. Pool slope (normal water surface) 0
.0035
22. Riffle slope 0.00 too gentle? 0.00 too gentle?
23. Ratio of pool slope to average stops 0.00 _ 0.45 0.44
24. Maximum pod depth 1.4 1.831316
25. Ratio of pool depth to average bankfull depth _ 0.00 t00 small? _ 2. 1.97 too small?
26. Pool width 0
27. Ratio of pool width to bankfull width 0.00 too small?
........ 1.2
.. 0.00 too small?
28. Pool to pool spacing 31.1 .
normal p-p 18 normal p 23.5455
29. Ratio of pool to pool spacing to banldull width 3.5 3.46 C or E 2.9 2.86 too small?
32. Minimum Bench Width
33. Ratio of lowest bank height to bankfull height (or max bankfull depth) 1
Regional Curve Predictions for Design Reach Predicted X-Sec Pred Discharge Bkfw Bkfd
Urban Peidmont 23.20694604 143.7149904 15.36900698 1.515340969
Rural Piedmont 7.65366755 29.9315689 6.200455677 0.923988396
Rural Mountain 7.717954072 31.8428452 10.87906 0.694183057
Coastal Plain 4.592098642 5.557909957 6.11355008 0.742267184
Coastal Plain 2.977808359 2.781186499 5.422476176 0.56819609
Design Reach 8 27 9 0.88
Rural Piedmont
Rural Mountain 6.215217841 24.99780149 9.669841902 0.628926904
Coastal Plain 6.700871804 9.315103887 5.84501813 1.237483644
Sediment Transport Analysts ala Rosgen for D50 >2mm
d50 mm 4.9 mm active channel D50 only
ds50 mm 1 mm subsurface D50
Tci u.u2ut3u dimensionless
Tci 0.02086
Di (largest) ft 0.07874
avg bed S fVft 0.0119
Dbkf proposed 0.88
mean Dbkf needed 0.227745
Coastal Plain 2.345145113 2.183333417 4.804438376 0.506651426
Reference Reach 4.5 13 6.3 0.71
18.73586982 81.32560501 7.700591167 diagram
6.822900557 diagram
Di mm 24 mm
BKF A 8 ft2
wetted perim 11.48902 It
gRS=Tc 0.517057 lb/ft2
Shields pred -1-e0 mm
Shields pred - . lbs/fr2
average bed slope for reach not just riffle
12.04841
8.308183
0.270384
ch Carolina
apartment of Environment and Natural Resources
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
Cherri Smith S
-Mft
03 IT1 I
12, 2003
MEMORANDUM
To: Todd St. John
From:
Subject:
ILA
NCDENR
WETLANDS /401 GROUP
AUG 1 2 2003
MATER QUALITY SECTION
Permit Application for Unnamed Tributary to Billy's Creek Stream
Restoration, Franklin County
Please find the enclosed permit application and design for a stream restoration project
on approximately 1,800 linear feet of an Unnamed Tributary to Billy's Creek in Franklin
County. The North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) has negotiated a
conservation easement that is at least 50 feet wide on either side of the stream.
If you would like to discuss this project or need additional information, please feel free
to call me at 715-3466. Thank you for your assistance with this project.
Wetlands Restoration Program 1619 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
[phone] Fax: [phone]
40.
Office Use Only: Form Version October 2001
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No. I U _
If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A" rather than
leaving the space blank.
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit
? Section 10 Permit
® 401 Water Quality Certification
? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: Nationwide 27
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ?
4. If payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP) is proposed for
mitigation of impacts (see section VIII - Mitigation), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: North Carolina Wetlands Restoration ProjZram
Mailing Address: 1619 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1619
Telephone Number: 919-715-3466 Fax Number: 919-733-5321
E-mail Address: [e-mail]
2. Agent Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter must be
attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: N/A
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
2 2003
Telephone Number: Fax Number: +1
E-mail Address:
Page 5 of 12
. ..
III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Unnamed Tributary to Billy's Creek Stream Restoration
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only):
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County: Franklin Nearest Town: Franklinton
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number):
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): Take U.S. 1 north and go two
miles north of Franklinton. Take a right onto Eric Medlin Rd. Cross railroad tracks and take
a left. Go approximately one and half miles.
5. Site coordinates, if available (UTM or Lat/Long):
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct water body.)
6. Describe the existing land use or condition of the site at the time of this application:
Unnamed Tributary to Billy's Creek is located in an agricultural valley where cattle have
access to the creek have trampled the banks and have eliminated some of the vegetation.
The channel has been modified and the floodplain drained to facilitate construction of a
pond. The pond was never constructed.
7. Property size (acres): Conservation easement is approximately 4 acres
8. Nearest body of water (stream/river/sound/ocean/lake): Billy's Creek
9. River Basin: Tar River Basin
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
Page 6 of 12

10. Describe the purpose of the proposed work: Restore Billy's Creek to a more natural and
stable dimension, pattern, and profile. Reconnected the creek to it's historic floodplain
where feasible. Reduce nutrients to NSW waters by fencing, cattle and restoring a vegetated
riparian buffer.
11. List the type of equipment to be used to construct the project: Track-hoe and loader.
12. Describe the land use in the vicinity of this project: A beef cattle farm comprises the
majority of the land use in the vicinity of this project.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same. T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application:
No future permit requests are anticipated.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. The applicant must also
provide justification for these impacts in Section VII below. All proposed impacts, permanent
and temporary, must be listed herein, and must be clearly identifiable on an accompanying site
plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial) must be shown on a
delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems. Wetland and stream
evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate. Photographs may be
included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for wetland or stream
mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional space is needed for
listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
Page 7 of 12
. ..
1. Wetland Impacts
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres) Located within
100-year Floodplain**
(yes/no) Distance to
Nearest Stream
(linear feet)
Type of Wetland***
N/A

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: mechanized clearing, grading, nit,
excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams, separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
** 100-Year floodplains are identified through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(FIRM), or FEMA-approved local floodplain maps. Maps are available through the FEMA Map Service Center at 1-800-358-9616, or
online at httg//www.fema.gov.
*** List a wetland type that best describes wetland to be impacted (e.g., freshwater/saltwater marsh, forested wetland, beaver pond,
Carolina Bay, bog, etc.)
List the total acreage (estimated) of existing wetlands on the property: 2 acres
Total area of wetland impact proposed:
2. Stream Impacts, including all intermittent and perennial streams
Stream Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Length of
Impact
(linear feet)
Stream Name** Average Width
of Stream
Before Impact Perennial or
Intermittent?
(please sci )
N/A

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: culverts and associated rip-rap,
dams (separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding), relocation (include linear feet before and after, and net loss/gain),
stabilization activities (cement wall, rip-rap, crib wall, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is
proposed, plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams must be included.
** Stream names can be found on USGS topographic maps. If a stream has no name, list as UT (unnamed tributary) to the nearest
downstream named stream into which it flows. USGS maps are available through the USGS at 1-800-358-9616, or online
www.usgs.gov. Several internet sites also allow direct download and printing of USGS maps (e.g., www.topozone.com,
www.mapguest.com, etc.).
Cumulative impacts (linear distance in feet) to all streams on site: N/A
Page 8 of 12
Y ?
3. Open Water Impacts, including Lakes, Ponds, Estuaries, Sounds, Atlantic Ocean and any
other Water of the U.S.
Open Water Impact
Site Number
(indicate on ma)
Type of Impact* Area of
Impact
(acres)
Name Wate)
(if applicable) Type of Waterbody
(lake, pond, estuary, sound,
bay, ocean, etc.)
N/A

* List each impact separately and identify temporary impacts. Impacts include, but are not limited to: fill, excavation, dredging,
flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
4. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): N/A
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.): N/A
Size of watershed draining to pond: N/A Expected pond surface area: N/A
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and. Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
The temporarv impacts are unavoidable due the nature of stream restoration work. The
construction will be staged and performed in such a manner that the disturbance to the aquatic
system is minimal
Page 9 of 12
, . .0.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on March 9, 2000, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCWRP concurrence shall be placed on hold as
incomplete. An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration
in DWQ's Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
hqp://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strm2ide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
N/A
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Wetlands Restoration
Program (NCWRP) with the NCWRP's written agreement. Check the box indicating that
you would like to pay into the NCWRP. Please note that payment into the NCWRP must be
reviewed and approved before. it can be used to satisfy mitigation requirements. Applicants
will be notified early in the review process by the 401/Wetlands Unit if payment into the
NCWRP is available as an option. For additional information regarding the application
process for the NCWRP, check the NCWRP website at http://h2o.enr.s'tate.ne.us/wy /index.htm. If
use of the NCWRP is proposed, please check the appropriate box on page three and provide
the following information:
3. Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet): N/A
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet): N/A
Page 10 of 12
.. . .
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
IX. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Only)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public funds or the use of public (federal/state/local)
land?
Yes ® No ?
If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to- the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes E] No
If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please attach a
copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter.
Yes ? No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (DWQ Only)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and
Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please identify )?
Yes ? No ?X If you answered "yes", provide the following
information:
Identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers. If buffer
mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the buffer
multipliers.
Zone* Impact

(square feet)
Multiplier Required

Mitigation
1 3
2 1.5
Total
* Zone 1 extends out 3U teet perpendicular trom near bank of channel; Gone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
Page 11 of 12

If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e., Donation
of Property, Conservation Easement, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, Preservation or
Payment into the Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as
identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0260.
XL Stormwater (DWQ Only)
Describe impervious acreage (both existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site.
Discuss stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands
downstream from the property.
XII. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Only)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
XIII. Violations (DWQ Only)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H.0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No ?
Is this an after-the-fact permit application?
Yes ? No ?
XIV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
N/A
Applicant/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 12 of 12