20200498 Ver 1_PCN Form Submission_20200409

DWR
mrlslon of Water Resources
Pre -Construction Notification (PCN) Form
April 11, 2020 Ver 3.1
Initial Review
Has this project met the requirements for acceptance in to the review process?*
r Yes
r No
Is this project a public transportation project?*
C Yes r No
Change only if needed.
BIMS # Assigned
20200498
Is a payment required for this project?*
r No payment required
r Fee received
r Fee needed - send electronic notification
Reviewing Office *
Asheville Regional Office - [phone]
Information for Initial Review
1a. Name of project:
Davidson River Stream Enhancement Project
1a. Who is the Primary Contact?*
Brady N. Dodd
1b. Primary Contact Email:*
[e-mail]
Date Submitted
4/9/2020
Nearest Body of Water
Davidson River
Basin
French Broad
Water Classification
WS-V,B,Tr,HOW
Site Coordinates
Latitude:
35.28470
A. Processing Information
County (or Counties) where the project is located:
Transylvania
Is this a NCDMS Project
r Yes r No
Longitude:
-82.79173
Is this project a public transportation project?*
r Yes r No
1a. Type(s) of approval sought from the Corps:
W Section 404 Permit (wetlands, streams and waters, Clean Water Act)
r Section 10 Permit (navigable waters, tidal waters, Rivers and Harbors Act)
Version#*
1
What amout is owed?*
r $240.00
r $570.00
Select Project Reviewer*
Andrew Moore:eads\awmoore3
1c. Primary Contact Phone:*
[phone]
V
1b. What type(s) of permit(s) do you wish to seek authorization?

W Nationwide Permit (NWP)
r Regional General Permit (RGP)
r Standard (IP)
1c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps?
r Yes r No
Nationwide Permit (NWP) Number:
NWP Numbers (for multiple NWPS):
1d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWR:
W 401 Water Quality Certification - Regular
r Non-404 Jurisdictional General Permit
r Individual Permit
27 - Restoration
le. Is this notification solely for the record because written approval is not required?
For the record only for DWR 401 Certification:
For the record only for Corps Permit:
F- 401 Water Quality Certification - E)press
r Riparian Buffer Authorization
1f. Is this an after -the -fact permit application?*
r Yes r No
1g. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in -lieu fee program proposed for mitigation of impacts?
r Yes r No
1g. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in -lieu fee program proposed for mitigation of impacts?
r Yes r No
Acceptance Letter Attachment
1h. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties?
r Yes r No
1j. Is the project located in a designated trout watershed?
r Yes r No
B. Applicant Information
1d. Who is applying for the permit?
R Owner r Applicant (other than owner)
le. Is there an Agent/Consultant for this project?*
r Yes r No
2. Owner Information
2a. Name(s) on recorded deed:
USDA Forest Service, Allen Nicholas, Forest Supervisor
2b. Deed book and page no.:
2c. Responsible party:
2d.Address
Street Address
160 Zillicoa Street
Address Line 2
City
Asheville
Postal / Zip Code
28801
2e. Telephone Number:
[phone]
2g. Email Address:*
[e-mail]
State / Rovince / legion
NC
Country
USA
2f. Fax Number:
r Yes r No
r Yes r No
4. Agent/Consultant (if applicable)

4a. Name:
Brady N.Dodd
4b. Business Name:
4c.Address
Street Address
160 Zillicoa Street
Address Line 2
City
Asheville
Postal / Zip Code
28801
4d. Telephone Number:
[phone]
4f. Email Address:*
[e-mail]
Agent Authorization Letter*
DelegationOf Authority2016_Signed.pdf
State / Bovine / Fcgion
NC
Country
USA
4e. Fax Number:
397.51 KB
C. Project Information and Prior Project History C^U
1. Project Information
1b. Subdivision name:
(if appropriate)
1c. Nearest municipality/ town:
Brevard, NC
2. Project Identification
2a. Property Identification Number:
2c. Project Address
Street Address
Address Line 2
City
Postal / Zip Code
3. Surface Waters
3a. Name of the nearest body of water to proposed project:*
Davidson River
3b. Water Resources Classification of nearest receiving water:*
WS-V,B;Tr,HQW
3c. What river basin(s) is your project located in?*
French Broad
3d. Please provide the 12-digit HUC in which the project is located.
060101050202
4. Project Description and History
2b. Property size:
State / Bovine / legion
Country
4a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this application:*
The reach of the Davidson River proposed here for enhancement is located belowthe bridge crossing that accesses the Setzer Fish Hatchery and Pisgah Center for Wildlife Education
extending downstream -200 meters. The reach is located vdthin the Davidson River Watershed (060101050202) and has a drainage area of 13.8 square miles at the project location.
North Carolina Div. of Water Resources classifies the Davidson River as a WS-V,B;Tr,HQW water of the state. The watershed is forested and the river receives extensive recreation
use. This stream reach is entrenched and thus has steep, tall banks and limited access to its original floodplain now high terrace. As a result bank stress is high during flood flows.
Streamside vegetation grows moderately thick on the banks, with mature trees and abundant shrubs, but with the high stress, banks are eroding and trees are prone to undercutting
and caving off into the channel causing more soil loss. The Wildlife Center parking lot is located on the right side terrace and access to the Davidson River is desired by the angling
community. Steps were constructed down to the river bed several years ago, but since then they have been, in part, eroded away and access is limited. The streambed form is
dominated by riffle habitat in the upper approximately 70 % of the reach and transitions into a long run and meander pool habitat at the lower end of the reach.
4b. Have Corps permits or DWR certifications been obtained for this project (including all prior phases) in the past?*
r Yes r No r Unknown
4d. Attach an 8 1/2 X 11 excerpt from the most recent version of the USGS topographic map indicating the location of the project site. (for DWR)

4e. Attach an 8 1/2 X 11 excerpt from the most recent version of the published County NRCS Soil Survey map depicting the project site. (for DWR)
4f. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
4g. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams on the property:
4h. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:*
This project proposes to add diversity to channel bed form, stabilize stream banks, and improve access to the river by constructing log and boulder vane structures and a toewood bank
revetment.
41. Describe the overall project in detail, including indirect impacts and the type of equipment to be used:*
This project proposes to add diversity to channel bed form, stabilize stream banks, and improve access to the river by constructing log and boulder vane structures and a toewood bank
revetment. While channel banks will remain largely as they are, streamflowwould be altered at the vane structures to divert flow off the banks and into the center of the channel. These
structures hold riffles upstream of the structures and create/maintain deep pool habitat below. What is now a long riffle/run would become a riffle/pool pattern with the construction of two
J-hook Log Vanes. In the lower pool, a toewood revetment structure is proposed that would create a bankfull bench of soil and planted riparian vegetation that would provide abundant
cover habitat for aquatic organisms within the pool. This work would occur using a medium to large -sized trackhoe in the steam channel. All disturbed areas would be stabilized with
native seed and mulch, and coir matting on streambanks. Please see attached project description.
4j. Please upload project drawings for the proposed project.
DavidsonRiver_Proposed_LongPro_CrossSectns_ RegionalCurve.pdf 1.58MB
DavidsonRiver_ StreamEnhancementProject2020.pdf 2.79MB
5. Jurisdictional Determinations
5a. Have the wetlands or streams been delineated on the propertyor proposed impact areas?*
r Yes r No
Comments:
5b. If the Corps made a jurisdictional determination, what type of determination was made?*
r Preliminary r Approved r Not Verified r Unknown r N/A
Corps AID Number:
5c. If 5a is yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas?
Name (if known):
Agency/Consultant Company:
Other:
5d1. Jurisdictional determination upload
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project?*
r Yes r No
G Unknown
Are any other NWP(s), regional general permit(s), or individual permits(s) used, or intended to be used, to authorize any part of the proposed project or related activity?
i D. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
la. Where are the impacts associated with your project? (check all that apply):
r Wetlands W Streams -tributaries
r Open Waters r Pond Construction
3. Stream Impacts
F Buffers
U
❑ 3a. Reason for impact (?) 3b.lmpact type * 3c. Type of impact* 3d. S. name * 3e. Stream Type * �3f. Type of 3g. S. width * 3h. Impact
(?) Jurisdiction* length*
S1
Log Vane Construction
9
Permanent
Excavation
Davidson River
Perennial
Both
52
Average (feet)
200
(linearfeet)
S2
Toewood Revetment
Construction
Permanent
Stabilization
Davidson River
Perennial
Both
52
Aver�e(feet)
150
(lir�rfcet)

S3
Construction Incidental Permanent Fill Davidson River lff�7T�
52 100
Disturbance Average (feet) (lirrfeet)
31. Total jurisdictional ditch impact in square feet:
31. Total permanent stream impacts:
450
31. Total stream and ditch impacts:
450
3j. Comments:
3i. Total temporary stream impacts:
E. Impact Justification and Mitigation -
1. Avoidance and Minimization
la. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing the project:
Construction would occur in the presence of streamflow, but flowwould be diverted away from the work activity where feasible. Temporarily increases
in turbidity are likely from the work, but because of the predominantly large sized channel substrate, suspended solids would be minimal in Davidson
River. Potential adverse impacts from turbidity would be avoided by minimizing excessive excavation and adhering to the State turbidity standard.
Work is expected to be completed over a two -week period.
1b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques:
A. Minimize the area and degree of soil disturbance that reduces infiltration capacity and permeability, and destroys protective forest floor and ground
cover.
B. All hazardous materials will be stored outside of flood -prone areas and surrounded with sediment fence to reduce the risk of materials reaching the
river.
C. Work activities would not be scheduled on rainy days.
D. Heavy Equipment Operation.
1. All equipment shall be cleaned before entering the project area and stream, so as to reduce the risk of fine grained sediment and oils and grease
from entering the stream. This would also reduce the risk of invasive weed spread onto the Forest.
2. Do not operate on wet soils when they are most susceptible to damage and erosion.
3. Operate heavy equipment on slopes less than 12 percent so as to reduce the risk of soil erosion. Avoid operating heavy equipment on over-
hanging stream banks.
4. Move large woody debris in a manner that minimizes disturbance of the forest floor, exposure of mineral soil, or degradation of stream bank stability.
E. Install sediment fence to trap potential sediment. Stabilize any disturbed area at the end of each workday.
F. Re -vegetate exposed soils as soon as possible to take advantage of the loose soil conditions for seeding.
1. Exposed soil will be covered with mulch and woody debris before predicted rainfall.
2. Exposed soil will be covered with mulch or erosion control matting at the end of the project. Matting will be secured in place with stakes and live
stakes where conditions allow.
3. Seeding and mulching will occur on all bare soil within five days of ground disturbing activities to provide long-term erosion control.
G. Do not move sediment trap devices until the vegetation in the disturbed areas has been established.
H. During on -going operations inspect the site frequently; inspect occasionally during inactive periods.
1. Check for potentially damaging or failing situations that may cause unacceptable water quality impacts.
2. Correct failing situations as soon as practical.
I. Conduct visual inspections of Davidson River while the work is being conducted to maintain acceptable turbidity levels.
Use a skilled heavy equipment operator, trained in stream restoration and construction of in -stream structures. Instruct the operator to minimize
disturbance to the streambed.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State?
r Yes f• No
2b. If this project DOES NOT require Compensatory Mitigation, explain why:
F. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWR)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
r Yes r No
If no, explain why:
This project would not increase impervious area and thus would not increase stormwater.
2. Stormwater Management Plan
2a. Is this a NCDOT project subject to compliance with NCDOT's Individual NPDES permit NCS000250?*
r Yes r No
2b. Does this project meet the requirements for low density projects as defined in 15A NCAC 02H .1003(2)?
r Yes r No

Comments:
G. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation
1a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of public (federal/state) land?*
r Yes r No
1b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State (North Carolina)
Environmental Policy Act (NEP/USEPA)?*
r Yes r- No
1c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized bythe State Clearing House?*
r Yes r- No
NEPAor SEPA Final Approval Letter
Davidson River Stream Enhancement DM 2020.pdf
2. Violations (DWR Requirement)
431.15KB
2a. Is the site in violation of DWR Water Quality Certification Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 21-1.1300), or DWR Surface Water or Wetland Standards or
Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200)? *
r Yes r No
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWR Requirement)
3a. Will this project result in additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?*
r Yes r No
3b. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
No development
4. Sewage Disposal (DWR Requirement)
4a. Is sewage disposal required by DWR for this project?*
rYes r Nor NIA
5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or habitat?*
r- Yes r No
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act impacts?*
r Yes r No
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted.
Asheville
5d. Is another Federal agency involved?*
r- Yes r No
5e. Is this a DOT project located within Division's 1-8?
r Yes r No
5f. Will you cut any trees in order to conduct the work in waters of the U.S.?
r Yes r No
5g. Does this project involve bridge maintenance or removal?
r Yes r No
5h. Does this project involve the construction/installation of a wind turbine(s)?'
r- Yes r No
r- Unknown
51. Does this project involve (1) blasting, and/or (2) other percussive activities that will be conducted by machines, such as jackhammers, mechanized pile drivers, etc.?
r Yes r No
5j. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical Habitat?
Pisgah National Forest Zone biologists consulted with the US Fish and Wildlife Service, see attached NEPA.
Consultation Documentation Upload
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)

6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as an Essential Fish Habitat?*
r Yes r No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact an Essential Fish Habitat?*
NOAA Fisheries website
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation status?*
r Yes r No
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?*
Pisgah N.F. Zone Archaeologist conducted Cultural Resource Surveys and consulted with Tribes and SHPO, who concurred. See attached NEPA.
7c. Historic or Prehistoric Information Upload
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain?*
r Yes r No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements:
This proposal will not increase the potential fo flooding.
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination?*
FEMA Floodplain Map Service Center website
Miscellaneous
Comments
Miscellaneous attachments not previously requested.
Signature
*
V By checking the box and signing below, I certify that:
• I have given true, accurate, and complete information on this form;
• I agree that submission of this PCN form is a "transaction" subject to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General Statutes (the "Uniform Electronic Transactions Act');
• I agree to conduct this transaction by electronic means pursuant to Chapter 66, Article 40 of the NC General Statutes (the "Uniform Electronic Transactions Act');
• I understand that an electronic signature has the same legal effect and can be enforced in the same way as a written signature; AND
• I intend to electronically sign and submit the PCN form.
Full Name:
Brady N. Dodd
Signature
5rad// A_ ZOdd
Date
4/9/2020

Forest Service
s
File Code: 2500
Route To:
National Forests in North Carolina
Subject: Delegation of Authority
To: Brady Dodd
Date:
160A ZHUcoa Street
Asheville, NC 28801
828-2574200
FAX: [phone]
March 17, 2016
You are hereby delegated the authority to act as my agent for all phases of the application
process for permits required by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, for watershed restoration
and improvement projects such as aquatic habitat restoration and enhancement, habitat
restoration, channel stabilization, and channel relocation on the National Forests in North
Carolina. You are authorized to make formal application for all permits to the U.S. Army Corp
of Engineers and the North Carolina Division of Water Quality, provide all necessary
information, and sign all correspondence.
Include this letter as part of all applications for Section 404 permits to the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers and Section 401 Water Quality Certification to the North Carolina Division of Water
Qualit .
i
HT RSTON A. NICHOLAS
Forest Supervisor
USDAM_ %JW
America's Working Forests —Caring Every Day in Every Way Printed ov Raycled Papc

1 | Page

DECISION MEMO
DAVIDSON RIVER STREAM ENHANCEMENT PROJECT
U.S. FOREST SERVICE
DAVIDSON RIVER STREAM ENHANCEMENT PROJECT
PISGAH RANGER DISTRICT, PISGAH NATIONAL FOREST
TRANSYLVANIA COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
BACKGROUND
This project proposes to add diversity to channel bed form and stabilize stream banks by
constructing log and boulder vane structures and a toe wood bank revetment. While channel
banks will remain largely as they are, streamflow would be altered at the vane structures to divert
flow off the banks and into the center of the channel. These structures hold riffles upstream of
the structures and create/maintain deep pool habitat. Implementation of this project will also
involve the planting of native vegetation to re-establish a riparian area and keep folks from
accessing areas other than the designated access. Treatment of invasive species using aquatic-
approved herbicides and methods described in the Nantahala-Pisgah NNIS EA (USFS 2009) may
be used to help establish new vegetation and after implementation to promote the growth of
native species.

Figure 1. Location on proposed project for the Davidson River Stream Enhancement Project.

2 | Page

DECISION
Within this reach of the Davidson River, I have decided to do bank stabilization and habitat
improvement work including:
1) Stabilize eroding stream banks by pulling back banks to a stable slope and constructing a
bankfull/floodplain bench where feasible. These slopes will be covered with matting,
sown with native seed and planted with woody species of native vegetation.
2) Placement of large wood and boulders to form structures that are designed to redirect
streamflow energy away from erodible banks and improve aquatic habitat diversity, e.g.
more pool habitat.
In addition to disturbance in the stream channel there will be trees pushed over by a medium-
sized trackhoe working within 100’ either side of the channel. All disturbed soil would be seeded
and mulched, and streambanks would additionally be covered with coir matting and planted with
riparian type vegetation. All work in the stream channel would occur between April 16th and
October 14th, outside the Trout Spawning Moratorium.
This action is categorically excluded from documentation in an environmental impact statement
(EIS) or an environmental assessment (EA). The applicable category of actions is identified in
agency procedures as categorical exclusion 36 CFR 220.6(36 CFR 220.6 (e)(18) - Restoring
wetlands, streams, riparian areas or other water bodies by removing, replacing, or modifying
water control structures such as, but not limited to, dams, levees, dikes, ditches, culverts, pipes,
drainage tiles, valves, gates, and fencing, to allow waters to flow into natural channels and
floodplains and restore natural flow regimes to the extent practicable where valid existing rights
or special use authorizations are not unilaterally altered or canceled. This category of action(s)
is applicable because the project restores the stream system to allow waters to flow into natural
channels, connect to its floodplain and restore natural flow regimes.
I find that there are no extraordinary circumstances that would warrant further analysis and
documentation in an EA or EIS. I took into account resource conditions identified in agency
procedures that should be considered in determining whether extraordinary circumstances might
exist:
• Federally listed threatened or endangered species or designated critical habitat, species
proposed for Federal listing or proposed critical habitat, or Forest Service sensitive
species –

o A biological evaluation (BE) was completed March 31, 2020 that determined: the
Davidson River Stream Enhancement Project proposal will not have an effect on
any federally proposed, threatened, or endangered aquatic or botanical species
because species and/or habitat are not known to occur within the proposed activity
or analysis area.. Consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is not
required for botanical or aquatic resources.
o This project may affect, but is not likely to adversely affect the northern long-
eared bat. Consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is not required for
northern long-eared bat for this project; however, the 4(d) rule requires the Forest

3 | Page

Service to notify the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service of the proposed action 30
days prior to implementation.
o Effects to hellbender would be short term and will likely improve habitat for this
species as stabilization of stream banks occur and preferred habitat is enhanced.
• Floodplains, wetlands, or municipal watersheds – Wetlands are not present, and
floodplain function would be improved. The proposed work would reduce sedimentation
to the watershed and provide improved habitat for aquatic species such as hellbender.
• Congressionally designated areas such as wilderness, wilderness study areas, or national
recreation areas – None are present.
• Inventoried roadless areas or potential wilderness areas – None are present.
• Research natural areas – None are present.
• American Indians religious or cultural sites – The proposed Davidson River
Enhancement project is an Exempt Undertaking for Heritage Resources. There are no
archaeological objections to the project as proposed.
• Archaeological sites, or historic properties or areas – The proposed Davidson River
Enhancement project is an Exempt Undertaking for Heritage Resources. There are no
archaeological objections to the project as proposed.
• A categorical exclusion is appropriate in this situation because there are no extraordinary
circumstances potentially having effects which may significantly affect the environment.
PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Pertinent partners have been involved in this project planning including the NC Wildlife
Resources Commission’s hatchery personnel, Pisgah Wildlife Education Center and Biologists.
Lori Williams, NCWRC biologist, will be involved during project implementation. Trout
Unlimited has provided resources and grant funding opportunities for this project. They have
been involved in the project planning and will also be assisting with implementation. Personal
Communication has occurred with local outfitter and guides about this project. These include
Kevin Howell with Davidson River Outfitters and Jessica Whitmire with Headwaters Outfitters.

The following Forest Service employees provided information for the proposal:
Scott Ashcraft, Archaeologist, Pisgah National Forest
Tara Anderson, Wildlife Biologist, Pisgah National Forest
Susan Fruchey, Botanist, Pisgah National Forest
Jason Herron, NEPA Coordinator, Pisgah National Forest
Brady Dodd, Hydrologist, National Forests in NC
Lorie Stroup, Fisheries Biologist, Pisgah National Forest

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FINDINGS REQUIRED BY OTHER LAWS AND REGULATIONS
This decision is consistent with the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forest Land and Resource
Management Plan (Forest Plan). The project was designed in conformance with Forest-wide and
management area 18 direction.
ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW (APPEAL) OPPORTUNITIES
This decision is not subject to administrative review and appeal.
CONTACT
For additional information concerning this decision, contact: Brady Dodd, National Forests in
NC, 160 Zillicoa Street, Asheville, NC 28801, [phone].
April 7, 2020
David M. Casey Date
District Ranger
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the
basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status,
parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part
of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all
programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information
(Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice and
TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence
Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is
an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Proposed Typical Cross Sections
and Longitudinal Profile for
Proposed Structures
(Including Regional Cures)
Davidson River Stream Enhancement Project
Pisgah Ranger District, Pisgah NF
Submitted by: Brady Dodd, NFsNC Hydrologist
Plan view sketch
Typical Pre-and Post-
construction Cross Section
locations on Longitudinal
Profile Cross Section #1 –Typical RIFFLE
Just Upstream of J-hook Log Vane
Structures (~82 feet on
Longitudinal Profile)
Cross Section #2 -Typical RIFFLE
to POOL Conversion @ J-hook
Log Vane Structures (~131 feet
on Longitudinal Profile)
Cross Section #3 -Typical POOL @
Toewood Revetment Structure
(~460 feet on Longitudinal Profile)
0’
131’
328’
492’
Bankfull Elevation
New Channel Dimensions:
Bankfull Width = 51.0’
Bankfull Max. Depth = 3.0’
Bankfull Mean Depth = 2.4’
Regional Curve Estimates:
Drainage Area = 13.8 miles2
Bankfull riffle cross-section area = 124.63ft2
Bankfull discharge (cfs) = 715.70cfs
Bankfull mean depth @ riffle = 2.42ft
Bankfull width = 51.43ft
TERRACE ELEVATION
CROSS SECTIONS
Cross Section #1 –Typical RIFFLE Just Upstream of J-hook Log
Vane Structures (~82 feet on Longitudinal Profile)
Bankfull Elevation
TERRACE ELEVATION
New Pool Dimensions:
Bankfull Width: 51.0’
Bankfull Max. Depth: 8.0’
Bankfull Mean Depth: 5.5’
TOP OF STRUCTURE
NEAR BANK LOCATION
Cross Section #2 -Typical RIFFLE to POOL Conversion @ J-hook Log
Vane Structures (~131 feet on Longitudinal Profile)
Bankfull Elevation
TERRACE ELEVATION
TOEWOOD REVETMENT
STRUCTURE LOCATION
SOIL & TRANSPLANTED
VEGETATION
SLOPE UPPER BANK
TO 1.5:1 SLOPE
SLOPE UPPER BANK
TO 1.5:1 SLOPE
TOEWOOD MATERIAL:
LOGS BRANCHES
FINE VEGETATION
Cross Section #3 -Typical POOL @ Toewood Revetment
Structure (~460 feet on Longitudinal Profile)
Pool Dimensions:
Pool length Lpool (includes run & glide): 120 -200’
Pool length ratio (Lpool/Wbkf): 1.94 –2.43’
Pool-to-pool spacing, p-p: 250’
Pool-to-pool spacing ratio, (p-p/Wbkf): 4.0 –5.0’
LONGITUDINAL PROFILE
Bankfull Elevation
RIFFLE
POOL
RIFFLE
LOG VANE
INVERT LOG VANE
INVERT
POOL
TOEWOOD REVETMENT
Regression: NC + TN
y = 96.1x0.765
R² = 0.94
10
100
1000
0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0Estimated Bankfull Discharge (cfs)Watershed Drainage Area (mi2)
Blue Ridge Ecoregion 66: Estimated Bankfull Discharge
13.8
Blue Ridge Ecoregion 66: Bankfull Riffle Width
t
100.0
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Davidson River Stream Enhancement Project
Downstream of Setzer Fish Hatchery & Pisgah Center for Wildlife Education Bridge Crossing
Proposed July 9, 2019, Finalized April 2020, By Brady Dodd, NFSNC Hydrologist

Background: The reach of the Davidson River proposed here for enhancement is located below
the bridge crossing that accesses the Setzer Fish Hatchery and Pisgah Center for Wildlife
Education extending downstream ~200 meters (Figure 1). The reach is located within the
Davidson River Watershed (060101050202) and has a drainage area of 13.8 square miles at the
project location. North Carolina Div. of Water Resources classifies the Davidson River as a WS-
V,B;Tr,HQW water of the state. The watershed is forested and the river receives extensive
recreation use.

Figure 1. Location of Davidson River Stream Enhancement Project.
This stream reach is entrenched and thus has steep, tall banks and limited access to its original
floodplain (Figures 2 & 3) now a high terrace. As a result bank stress is high during flood flows.
Streamside vegetation grows moderately thick on the banks, with mature trees and abundant
shrubs, but with the high stress, banks are eroding and trees are prone to undercutting and
caving off into the channel causing more soil loss. The Wildlife Center parking lot is located on
the right side terrace (Figure 4) and access to the Davidson River is desired by the angling
community. Steps were constructed down to the river bed several years ago, but since then
they have been, in part, eroded away and access is limited. The streambed form is dominated
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by riffle habitat in the upper approximately 70% of the reach and transitions into a long run and
meander pool habitat at the lower end of the reach.

Figure 2. Photo of Davidson River stream bank looking upstream.

Figure 3. Photo of Davidson River proposed reach looking downstream from bridge.
Proposed Action: This project proposes to add diversity to channel bed form, stabilize stream
banks, and improve access to the river by constructing log and boulder vane structures and a
toewood bank revetment. While channel banks will remain largely as they are, streamflow
would be altered at the vane structures to divert flow off the banks and into the center of the
channel. These structures hold riffles upstream of the structures and create/maintain deep pool
habitat below. What is now a long riffle/run would become a riffle/pool pattern with the
construction of two J-hook Log Vanes as depicted in the plan-view sketch in Figure 4 and the
Longitudinal Profile in Figure 5. In the lower pool a toewood revetment structure is proposed
that would create a bankfull bench of soil and planted riparian vegetation that would provide
abundant cover habitat for aquatic organisms within the pool. See “APPENDIX A – STREAM
RESTORATION SPECIFICATIONS” for specifics on structure design and materials. Proposed
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mitigations to potential sedimentation are presented in Appendix B and proposed design
documentation is in Appendix C.

Figure 4. Plan view sketch of proposed stream enhancement project
on Davidson River.
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Figure 5. Longitudinal Profile of Davidson River Stream Enhancement Project, existing and
proposed profile.

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APPENDIX A – STREAM RESTORATION SPECIFICATIONS
EQUIPMENT AND OPERATOR SPECIFICATIONS
A) Manner of Construction - Excavation will be done in a manner which will minimize sedimentation in
the stream channel. Silt fence will be installed downstream of the construction area to reduce the risk
of sediment entering the stream.
B) Equipment Operator Performance - Equipment operators shall be experienced and competent in the
use of the equipment to which they are assigned. They shall be expected to demonstrate a level of
proficiency with the equipment which enables them to be productive in all aspects of stream
restoration work. Equipment operators shall be experienced in the construction of Rosgen designed
structures; including the cross vane, J-hook vane, and Toe-wood/Sod mat.
Operators will be instructed by the construction inspector as to the desired result of construction
activities. Operators will be responsible for determining how best to use equipment to achieve the
desired results. Chain saw operators will be required to cut trees, limbs and root masses as
necessary to facilitate the removal and placement of debris in the stream.
C) Environmental Considerations - Earth moving equipment will cross and operate in the stream flow
only when necessary and only when directed to do so by the construction inspector. Equipment shall
be new or of low hours and be maintained to prevent fuel, oil and lubricant spills in the vicinity of the
stream. Refueling, repairs and lubrication will be performed at a safe distances from the stream and
only at locations approved by the construction inspector where water is controlled by runoff control
measures.
D) Safety Considerations - At work sites, where equipment will be operated on Forest Roads, flagman
shall be stationed to warn oncoming traffic of congestion. Construction road signs shall be in place
and a means of removing sediment, mud or rocks from roadways shall be established. The
contractor will be responsible for the implementation of these measures.
E) Equipment Specifications
Hydraulic Excavator:
Track mounted, hydraulic powered.
Excavator:
• Min weight – 30,000 lbs
• Min. Reach – 22 feet
• Min Digging Depth – 20 feet
• Min Bucket size – 1.0 Cu Yd.
• Min 115 HP
• Equipped with hydraulic thumb, with experienced operator as described above.

(More than 1 excavator may be required. Unit price bid should be for one excavator for one hour
of running time).

IN-STREAM STRUCTURES SPECIFICATIONS
Structure Stone
Description
The work covered by this section consists of furnishing, stockpiling, placing and maintaining approved
stone to be utilized to construct rock and log vanes, root wad structures, the step-pool structures, stream
crossings, sediment and erosion control measures for use in locations as directed by the Designer. The
quantity of stone may be increased, decreased, or eliminated entirely at the direction of the Designer.
Such variations in quantity will not be considered as alterations in the details of constructi on or a change
in the character of the work.
Materials
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Stone for "Boulder" shall consist of blasted stone or other stone approved by the Designer. The stone
shall be sound, tough, dense, resistant to the action of air and water, and suitable in all other r espects for
the purpose intended.
All stone shall meet the approval of the Designer. While no specific gradation is required, the various
sizes of the stone shall be equally distributed within the required size range. The size of an individual
stone particle will be determined by measuring its long dimension.
Acceptance Criteria for Stone
CLASS

REQUIRED STONE SIZES (INCHES)

Minimum

Average

Maximum
Boulder
60" x 36" x 24"

48

60

70

No more than 5 percent of the material furnished can be less than the minimum size specified, more than
10 percent of the material can exceed the maximum size specified. Boulders shall be relatively flat on
either side in the same dimension, preferably the long dimension.
Construction
The Contractor shall place stone, in locations shown on the construction plans to the thickness, widths,
and lengths as shown on the construction plans or directed by the Designer. All stone shall be placed
neatly and uniformly with an even surface to form an in-stream structure or a sediment and erosion
control device or in accordance with the construction plans and special provisions, and shall meet the
approval of the Designer.
Method of Measurement
The quantity of stone required to construct the structures or sediment and erosion control measures
detailed in these special provisions will be incidental to those bid items. However, field conditions may
warrant the need for additional stone greater than the quantity specified or detailed for each bid item. The
quantity of stone that has been incorporated into the project, as directed or approved by the Designer,
which exceeds 110% of the quantity required for each bid item will be measured by weight. Measured by
weight will require the quantity to be weighed in trucks on certified platform scales. Stone that was
previously stockpiled for other bid items will not be measured a second time for this provision.
Basis of Payment
When field conditions dictate the need for additional quantity greater than 10% of the bid item, the
quantity of stone measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton for
"Boulder". Such price and payment will be full compensation for all work covered by this section, including
but not limited to furnishing, weighing, stockpiling, re-handling, placing, and maintaining the stone and
disposal of any materials not incorporated into the project if directed by the Designer.
Payment will be made under:
Boulder..........................................................................................................................TON

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Log Vane

Description
This structure serves to decrease stress in the near-bank region while promoting scouring in the
downstream pool. Logs are placed at an angle to the stream bank, gradually inclining in elevation until
they are located near ½ bankfull elevation directly adjacent to the stream bank. Water flowing
downstream is forced over these logs towards the middle of the channel, effectively scouring out a pool
below. The quantity of log vanes may be increased, decreased, or eliminated entirely at the direction of
the designer. Such variations in quantity will not be considered as alterations in the details of construction
or a change in the character of the work.

Materials
Trees to be used for the vane shall be provided by the Forest Service from near the site. All log materials
shall be at least 10 inches in diameter. A sheet of woven geotextile fabric (4oz. or greater, 6-8 feet
wide) shall be placed the length of the vane arm on the upstream side, stapled to the top log in a manner
that they will be covered by back fill material. Back fill material shall be obtained from the stream channel
bed.

Installation
A trench shall be dug in such a manner that the footer and header logs are buried beneath the bed
surface elevation at least three feet. An excavator, with a bucket that includes a hydraulic thumb, shall be
used to place logs under the supervision of Designer. Logs shall be tightly sealed with no gaps between
the header and footer log. Filter fabric shall be placed on the upstream side of the structure and backfilled
with materials excavated on-site to prevent the washout of sediment through log gaps. Filter fabric shall
extend from the bottom of footer log to the finished grade elevation and shall be placed the entire length
of the structure. Header and footer logs shall be tied in securely to the bank in such a way that eliminates
the possibility of water diverting around them. Structures shall be built to the approval of the Designer.
The Designer may adjust the number and placement of structures in the field.

Basis of Payment
This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, hauling, placing, handling,
sorting, fitting, materials, and incidentals necessary to construct the Log Vane. Trees to be used for the
vane shall be provided by the Forest Service.

Payment will be made under:
Equipment & Labor………………………………………………………………………..….…..HOURS
Materials:
Woven geotextile fabric……………………………..……….……………....LINEAR FOOT

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Toe-wood/Sod-mat Revetment (bankfull bench)
Description
This structure serves to protect a length of stream bank by biulding a new bank with a bankfull area
where one did not exist before due to unstable conditions (See Toe-wood/Sod mat detail below). The
structure creates a large undercut bank providing an abundance of aquatic cover type habitat.

Materials
Trees and brush to be used for the structure shall be provided by the Forest Service from near the site.
Shrubs and willow shall be provided by the Forest Service from near the site. Excavated soil shall be
hauled off the site and dumped within 5 miles by the contractor. Seed, mulch, coir matting, and riparian
plantings (live stakes, potted material, etc.) shall be provided and installed by the contractor.

Installation
The channel shall be excavated to build a bench on the channel bottom on the outside of the meander
bend. Its elevation shall be well below determined low water elevation. A deep pool shall be constructed
where the new thalweg will be located, and excavated material shall be used to build the point bar and
back fill the structure. Footer logs laying parrallel to the stream channel shall be placed o n the bench,
then the toe-wood on top of that. Toe-wood shall consist of a mixture of sizes, but include several large
tree stems with root wads attached. Stems shall be pushed into the bank were possible. Trees, brush,
and limbs shall all be used to fill this area with woody debris, and be placed up to the low flow elevation.
Bundles of live stakes, e.g. willow, shall be placed on top of the woody debris and alluvial backfill shall be
placed on the structure (amount determined by Designer). Shrubs, excavated from nearby, shall be
placed on top of the toe-wood up to the bankfull elevation. This shrub mat will replace the “sod mat”.
From the bankfull elevation the verticle slope shall be excavated to the 2:1 slope (run to rise). Excavated
soil material shall be scattered on the adjacent terrace. All slopes shall have seed, mulch, and coir
matting installed. Riparian plantings shall be installed on the slope and during the plant dormant season,
live stakes shall be installed in the bench and bank.
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Basis of Payment
This payment shall be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, hauling, placing, handling,
sorting, fitting, materials, and incidentals necessary to construct the bankfull bench. Trees to be used for
the structure shall be provided by the Forest Service.
Payment will be made under:
Equipment & Labor…………………………………………………………………………..….…..HOURS
Materials:
Coir Matting………………….……………………………………..…………….... LINEAR FOOT
Seed …………………………………………………………………………………………ACRE
Riparian Plantings……………………………………………………………………..……EACH

EROSION CONTROL SPECIFICATIONS

Seed (Native)

Description
Seeding shall occur within 24 hours of ground disturbing activities. Seed shall be applied by hand or with
a cyclone seeder and on steep slopes be immediately covered with leaf litter, raked in from the
surrounding area. On stream banks, biodegradable matting/blanket shall be placed to keep seed and soil
in place. Below are native grass species to be sown and their seeding density of pure live seed.

Community Type: Riparian
Scientific Name Common Name Planting Density
Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye 22 lbs/acre
Stabilization of Vertical Banks on outside Meander Bend
Construction of Bankfull Bench using TOE WOOD/SOD MAT DETAIL
Bankfull Elevation
Pre-construction
Channel Bottom
Low flow Elevation
Channel Bottom
Terrace elevation
Toe Wood bench
CONSTRUCTION ITEMS AND
SEQUENCE:
•Excavate high bank to construct a
2:1 slope from bankfull to terrace
elevation
•Excavate & construct toe wood
bench and new channel pool
feature based on reference pool
dimensions
•Place trees/logs/tops on toe wood
bench & in toe of bank below low
flow
•Place willow cuttings/bundles on
toe wood
•Excavate sod mats (using a front
end loader) or shrub transplants
(e.g. alder, willow) and place on toe
wood up to bankfull elevation
•Seed bank with native grass seed
•Cover sod mat and sloped bank
with coir erosion control matting
•Plant willow/silky
dogwood/elderberry cuttings into
relocated sod mat and bank to help
“pin”sod into bank
TOE WOOD
FOOTER LOGS
SOD MAT
EXCAVATED BANK MATERIAL
Brady Dodd
NFNC Hydro
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Festuca rubra Creeping red fescue 5 lbs/acre
Dichanthelium clandestinum Deertongue 2 lbs/acre
Aster sagittifolius Arrow Leaved Aster 2 lbs/acre
Rudbeckia hirta Black Eyed Susan 2 lbs/acre
Eupatorium fistulosom Joe Pye Weed 1 lbs/acre
Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset 1 lbs/acre
Materials
All materials shall meet the approval of the Designer.
Basis of Payment
Payment for installation of seed and mulch will be paid for as outlined. This payment shall be considered full
compensation for all labor, equipment, furnishing materials, hauling, rehandling, sorting, materials, and incidentals
necessary to seed and mulch.

Payment will be made under:
Seed ………………..……………………………………………………………….………..………………..ACRE

Matting

Materials
All materials shall meet the approval of the Designer and include Coir fiber mat 700 (6-8 feet wide), hardwood
stakes, and live stakes (see “Planting” Specs).

Installation
Coir fiber mat 700 shall be used on upper and lower stream banks (above and below the bankfull
elevation). The matting shall be fastened in place using hardwood stakes. During the following plant
dormant season, live stakes shall be planted in the matting from water’s edge to just above bankfull.
Species include silky dogwood (Cornus ammonum), black willow (Salix nigra), silky willow (Salix sericea),
ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) and common elderberry (Sambucus canadens is) from a local source.

Provide stakes made of hardwood to anchor the matting. Stakes shall be installed to no less than 1 foot
deep for use on side slopes and along the top edge of matting.

Place the matting upon final grading, following seed and mulch application. Provide a smooth soil surface
free from stones, clods, or debris which will prevent the contact of the matting with the soil. Unroll the
matting on the contour, starting at the bottom of the slope and apply without stretching such that it wil l lie
smoothly but loosely on the soil surface. Bury the top end of each piece of matting in a narrow trench at
least 6 in. (150 mm) deep and tamp firmly after staking with evenly spaced stakes. Stake the matting
according to the manufactures recommended pattern for specific product and slope. Where one roll of
matting ends and a second roll begins, install matting end-over-end with approximately 6 inches of
overlap. Stake through overlapped area. Install stakes across the matting at ends, junctions, and
trenches approximately 1.3 feet apart.
Basis of Payment
Payment for installation of matting will be paid for as outlined. This payment shall be considered full compensation for
all labor, equipment, furnishing materials, hauling, stockpiling, rehandling, sorting, fitting, materials, and
incidentals necessary to install matting.

Payment will be made under:
Matting …………..……………………………………………………………….……….………..LINEAR FOOT

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Plantings

Description
Plantings shall be specified in each contract as to type e.g., container, bare root, and live staking.
Plantings from containers shall be from one gallon containers and can be planted throughout the year.
Live staking and bare root planting shall occur during plant dormancy. Bare root seedlings shall be 6 to 12
inches tall. Below is a list of woody vegetation species to be planted on stream banks and floodplains.

Scientific Name Common Name Percent of
plantings
Spacing (feet)
Container & Bare Root Species:
Alnus serrulata Tag Alder 20% 3
Calycanthus floridus Sweetshrub 10% 3
Clethra acuminata Cinnamon Bark Clethra 10% 4
Hamamelis virginiana Witch Hazel 10% 4
Hypericum densiflorum Bushy St. Johns 10% 4
Itea virginica 10% 4
Xanthorhiza simplicissima Yellowroot 10% 2.5
Platanus occidentalis Sycamore 20% 6
Live Stake Species:
Cornus ammonum silky dogwood 10 3
Salix nigra black willow 20 3
Salix sericea silky willow 20 3
Salix humilis prairie willow 10 3
Sambucus canadensis common elderberry 30 3
Physocarpus opulifolius ninebark 10 3
Materials
All materials shall meet the approval of the Designer.
Basis of Payment
Payment for installation of plantings will be paid for as outlined. This payment shall be considered full compensation
for all labor, equipment, furnishing materials, hauling, rehandling, sorting, materials, and incidentals necessary
to plant.

Payment will be made under:
Plantings…..……………………………………………………………………………………..……………EACH

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APPENDIX B – MINIMIZING DETRIMENTAL IMPACTS
A. Minimize the area and degree of soil disturbance that reduces infiltration capacity and
permeability, and destroys protective forest floor and ground cover.
B. All hazardous materials will be stored outside of flood-prone areas and surrounded with sediment
fence to reduce the risk of materials reaching the river.
C. Work activities would not be scheduled on rainy days.
D. Heavy Equipment Operation.
1. All equipment shall be cleaned before entering the project area and stream, so as to
reduce the risk of fine grained sediment and oils and grease from entering the stream.
This would also reduce the risk of invasive weed spread onto the Forest.
2. Do not operate on wet soils when they are most susceptible to damage and erosion.
3. Operate heavy equipment on slopes less than 12 percent so as to reduce the risk of soil
erosion. Avoid operating heavy equipment on over-hanging stream banks.
4. Move large woody debris in a manner that minimizes disturbance of the forest floor,
exposure of mineral soil, or degradation of stream bank stability.
E. Install sediment fence to trap potential sediment. Stabilize any disturbed area at the end of each
workday.
F. Re-vegetate exposed soils as soon as possible to take advantage of the loose soil conditions for
seeding.
1. Exposed soil will be covered with straw mulch or erosion control matting at the end of the
project. Matting will be secured in place with stakes and live stakes where conditions
allow.
2. Seeding and mulching will occur on all bare soil within five days of ground disturbing
activities to provide long-term erosion control.
G. Do not move sediment trap devices until the vegetation in the disturbed areas has been
established.
H. During on-going operations inspect the site frequently; inspect occasionally during inactive
periods.
1. Check for potentially damaging or failing situations that may cause unacceptable water
quality impacts.
2. Correct failing situations as soon as practical.
I. Conduct visual inspections of Davidson River while the work is being conducted to maintain
acceptable turbidity levels.
Use a skilled heavy equipment operator, trained in stream restoration and construction of in -stream
structures. Instruct the operator to minimize disturbance to the streambed.

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APPENDIX C – PROPOSED DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
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