20200490 Ver 1_Soil_Map_20200408

United States
Department of
Agriculture
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Cherokee County,
North Carolina
Valley River-Stiles
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
February 26, 2020
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
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alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
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Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
Soil Map..................................................................................................................8
Soil Map................................................................................................................9
Legend................................................................................................................10
Map Unit Legend................................................................................................11
Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................12
Cherokee County, North Carolina...................................................................14
BfD2—Braddock cobbly clay loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes,
moderately eroded................................................................................14
BkB—Braddock loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes...............................................15
BkC—Braddock loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes.............................................17
BnC—Braddock-Urban land complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes....................19
DrB—Dillard loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded............................21
JbC—Junaluska-Brasstown complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes....................23
JbD—Junaluska-Brasstown complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes..................25
JbE—Junaluska-Brasstown complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes...................28
JtC—Junaluska-Tsali complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes...............................31
JtD—Junaluska-Tsali complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes.............................32
JtE—Junaluska-Tsali complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes.............................35
LkD—Lonon-Northcove complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, bouldery.........37
NhC—Nantahala channery loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes...........................40
NhD—Nantahala channery loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes.........................41
RdA—Reddies-Dellwood complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded..................................................................................................43
RsA—Rosman loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded..............45
StB—Statler loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded.............................47
SyF—Sylco-Cataska complex, 50 to 95 percent slopes, very rocky...........48
ThB—Thurmont-Dillard complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes..............................51
ThC—Thurmont-Dillard complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes...........................53
TxA—Toxaway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded..............55
UrB—Udorthents-Urban land complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes....................56
UrF—Udorthents-Urban land complex, 8 to 95 percent slopes...................58
W—Water....................................................................................................59
References............................................................................................................60
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How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
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scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
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identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
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Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
389250038927003892900389310038933003893500389370038923003892500389270038929003893100389330038935003893700229000 229200 229400 229600 229800 230000 230200 230400 230600 230800 231000 231200
229000 229200 229400 229600 229800 230000 230200 230400 230600 230800 231000 231200
35° 9' 2'' N 83° 58' 30'' W35° 9' 2'' N83° 56' 59'' W35° 8' 13'' N
83° 58' 30'' W35° 8' 13'' N
83° 56' 59'' WN
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 17N WGS84
0 500 1000 2000 3000
Feet
0 150 300 600 900
Meters
Map Scale: 1:10,500 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet.
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special Point Features
Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot
Spoil Area
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Wet Spot
Other
Special Line Features
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:12,000.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Cherokee County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 14, Sep 16, 2019
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Mar 20, 2015—Oct
26, 2017
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
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Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
BfD2 Braddock cobbly clay loam, 15
to 30 percent slopes,
moderately eroded
3.2 0.9%
BkB Braddock loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes
5.9 1.6%
BkC Braddock loam, 8 to 15 percent
slopes
17.2 4.7%
BnC Braddock-Urban land complex,
2 to 15 percent slopes
1.6 0.4%
DrB Dillard loam, 1 to 5 percent
slopes, rarely flooded
2.7 0.7%
JbC Junaluska-Brasstown complex,
8 to 15 percent slopes
20.0 5.4%
JbD Junaluska-Brasstown complex,
15 to 30 percent slopes
46.7 12.7%
JbE Junaluska-Brasstown complex,
30 to 50 percent slopes
91.2 24.7%
JtC Junaluska-Tsali complex, 8 to
15 percent slopes
2.5 0.7%
JtD Junaluska-Tsali complex, 15 to
30 percent slopes
8.9 2.4%
JtE Junaluska-Tsali complex, 30 to
50 percent slopes
27.5 7.5%
LkD Lonon-Northcove complex, 15
to 30 percent slopes,
bouldery
17.1 4.6%
NhC Nantahala channery loam, 8 to
15 percent slopes
1.8 0.5%
NhD Nantahala channery loam, 15 to
30 percent slopes
10.2 2.8%
RdA Reddies-Dellwood complex, 0
to 3 percent slopes,
occasionally flooded
0.8 0.2%
RsA Rosman loam, 0 to 3 percent
slopes, occasionally flooded
43.8 11.9%
StB Statler loam, 1 to 5 percent
slopes, rarely flooded
16.5 4.5%
SyF Sylco-Cataska complex, 50 to
95 percent slopes, very rocky
13.1 3.6%
ThB Thurmont-Dillard complex, 2 to
8 percent slopes
0.0 0.0%
ThC Thurmont-Dillard complex, 8 to
15 percent slopes
10.9 3.0%
TxA Toxaway loam, 0 to 2 percent
slopes, occasionally flooded
1.5 0.4%
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Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
UrB Udorthents-Urban land
complex, 2 to 8 percent
slopes
0.0 0.0%
UrF Udorthents-Urban land
complex, 8 to 95 percent
slopes
10.0 2.7%
W Water 15.9 4.3%
Totals for Area of Interest 369.2 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
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onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Cherokee County, North Carolina
BfD2—Braddock cobbly clay loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, moderately
eroded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbf8
Elevation: 1,510 to 2,210 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 54 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Braddock, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Braddock, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces on river valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: cobbly clay loam
Bt - 9 to 48 inches: clay
BC - 48 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
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Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Statler, rarely flooded
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Urban land
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Arkaqua, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Udorthents
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
BkB—Braddock loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbfg
Elevation: 1,550 to 2,130 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Braddock and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Braddock
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces on river valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
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Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: loam
Bt - 9 to 48 inches: clay
BC - 48 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Braddock, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces on river valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Udorthents
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Urban land
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Lonon
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
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Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope, tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
BkC—Braddock loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbfh
Elevation: 1,530 to 2,130 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Braddock and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Braddock
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces on river valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 9 inches: loam
Bt - 9 to 48 inches: clay
BC - 48 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
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Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Braddock, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Landform: Stream terraces on river valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Urban land
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Dillard
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Udorthents
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Lonon
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope, tread
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
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BnC—Braddock-Urban land complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbfj
Elevation: 1,730 to 2,250 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Braddock, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 50 percent
Urban land: 30 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Braddock, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, tread
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 11 inches: clay loam
Bt - 11 to 57 inches: clay
BC - 57 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
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Description of Urban Land
Setting
Parent material: Streets, parking lots, buildings, and other structures
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8s
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Udorthents
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, tread
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Dillard, rarely flooded
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Drainageways on stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Reddies, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Swales on stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Custom Soil Resource Report
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DrB—Dillard loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbfw
Elevation: 1,750 to 2,340 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Dillard, rarely flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Dillard, Rarely Flooded
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: loam
Bt - 7 to 50 inches: clay loam
BCg - 50 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
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Minor Components
Dillard, rarely flooded eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Toes
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Cullowhee, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Rosman, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Reddies, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Microfeatures of landform position: Swales
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Custom Soil Resource Report
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JbC—Junaluska-Brasstown complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2vx38
Elevation: 1,210 to 3,080 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 56 to 65 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 161 to 177 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Junaluska and similar soils: 50 percent
Brasstown and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Junaluska
Setting
Landform: Hillsides, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Fine-loamy residuum weathered from phyllite and/or meta
sandstone that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 2 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 2 to 11 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt - 11 to 21 inches: sandy clay loam
C/B - 21 to 26 inches: stratified fine sandy loam to sandy clay loam
Cr - 26 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 13 to 44 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
high (0.00 to 0.60 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
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Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Brasstown
Setting
Landform: Ridges, hillsides
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Fine-loamy residuum weathered from phyllite and/or meta
sandstone that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 1 to 6 inches: channery fine sandy loam
Bt - 6 to 29 inches: channery clay loam
BC - 29 to 37 inches: channery fine sandy loam
C - 37 to 46 inches: channery very fine sandy loam
Cr - 46 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Stecoah
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Farner
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Ridges, hillsides
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
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Hydric soil rating: No
Tsali
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Hillsides, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Soco
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, mountaintop, side slope,
crest
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Lonon
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Toes, drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Fans, coves, coves, drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
JbD—Junaluska-Brasstown complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2vx31
Elevation: 1,480 to 2,690 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 55 to 72 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 139 to 177 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
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Map Unit Composition
Junaluska and similar soils: 50 percent
Brasstown and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Junaluska
Setting
Landform: Ridges, hillsides
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Fine-loamy residuum weathered from phyllite and/or meta
sandstone that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 2 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 2 to 11 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt - 11 to 21 inches: sandy clay loam
C/B - 21 to 26 inches: stratified fine sandy loam to sandy clay loam
Cr - 26 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 13 to 44 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Brasstown
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fine-loamy residuum weathered from phyllite and/or meta
sandstone that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 1 to 6 inches: channery fine sandy loam
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Bt - 6 to 29 inches: channery clay loam
BC - 29 to 37 inches: channery fine sandy loam
C - 37 to 46 inches: channery very fine sandy loam
Cr - 46 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Tsali
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Hillsides, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Lonon
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Toes, drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Soco
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, mountaintop, side slope,
crest
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Stecoah
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
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Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Drainageways on coves on coves, fans on coves on coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Hydric soil rating: No
JbE—Junaluska-Brasstown complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2vx36
Elevation: 1,170 to 3,910 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 82 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 139 to 177 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Junaluska and similar soils: 50 percent
Brasstown and similar soils: 40 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Junaluska
Setting
Landform: Hillsides, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Fine-loamy residuum weathered from phyllite and/or meta
sandstone that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 2 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 2 to 11 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt - 11 to 21 inches: sandy clay loam
C/B - 21 to 26 inches: stratified fine sandy loam to sandy clay loam
Cr - 26 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
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Depth to restrictive feature: 13 to 44 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Brasstown
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Fine-loamy residuum weathered from phyllite and/or meta
sandstone that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 1 to 6 inches: channery fine sandy loam
Bt - 6 to 29 inches: channery clay loam
BC - 29 to 37 inches: channery fine sandy loam
C - 37 to 46 inches: channery very fine sandy loam
Cr - 46 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Tsali
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
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Landform: Ridges, hillsides
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Soco
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, mountaintop, side slope,
crest
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Lonon
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Drainageways, toes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Fans on coves on coves, drainageways on coves on coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Stecoah
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Snowbird
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Hillslopes, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
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JtC—Junaluska-Tsali complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbgg
Elevation: 1,720 to 2,280 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 54 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Junaluska and similar soils: 65 percent
Tsali and similar soils: 25 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Junaluska
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from phyllite and/or slate
Typical profile
A - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt - 5 to 21 inches: sandy clay loam
C/B - 21 to 36 inches: stratified fine sandy loam to sandy clay loam
Cr - 36 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
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Description of Tsali
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from phyllite and/or slate
Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: channery loam
Bt1 - 8 to 13 inches: channery loam
Bt2 - 13 to 18 inches: channery loam
Cr - 18 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Brasstown
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
JtD—Junaluska-Tsali complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2vx3d
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Elevation: 1,220 to 4,430 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 51 to 74 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Junaluska and similar soils: 50 percent
Tsali and similar soils: 35 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Junaluska
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from phyllite and/or slate
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 2 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 2 to 11 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt - 11 to 21 inches: sandy clay loam
C/B - 21 to 26 inches: stratified fine sandy loam to sandy clay loam
Cr - 26 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 12 to 44 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Tsali
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from phyllite and/or slate
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Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 1 to 8 inches: channery loam
Bt1 - 8 to 13 inches: channery loam
Bt2 - 13 to 18 inches: channery clay loam
Cr - 18 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 12 to 31 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Brasstown
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Lonon
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Drainageways, toes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 0 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, upper third of mountainflank,
crest, free face
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
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JtE—Junaluska-Tsali complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2vx3h
Elevation: 1,200 to 4,320 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 77 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Junaluska and similar soils: 45 percent
Tsali and similar soils: 35 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Junaluska
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from phyllite and/or slate
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 2 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 2 to 11 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt - 11 to 21 inches: sandy clay loam
C/B - 21 to 26 inches: stratified fine sandy loam to sandy clay loam
Cr - 26 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 12 to 44 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
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Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Tsali
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from phyllite and/or slate
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 1 to 8 inches: channery loam
Bt1 - 8 to 13 inches: channery loam
Bt2 - 13 to 18 inches: channery clay loam
Cr - 18 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 12 to 31 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00
to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Brasstown
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Soco, stony
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Ridges on mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
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Santeetlah, very bouldery
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Drainageways on coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope, head slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Stecoah, stony
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Ridges on mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Lonon
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Drainageways, toes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 0 percent
Landform: Ridges, mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, upper third of mountainflank,
crest, free face
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
LkD—Lonon-Northcove complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes, bouldery
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbgq
Elevation: 1,170 to 3,050 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 54 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Lonon, bouldery, and similar soils: 65 percent
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Northcove, bouldery, and similar soils: 20 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Lonon, Bouldery
Setting
Landform: Drainageways, coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy colluvium derived from phyllite and/or slate and/or meta
sandstone and/or meta graywacke
Typical profile
A - 0 to 7 inches: channery loam
Bt1 - 7 to 30 inches: channery clay loam
Bt2 - 30 to 40 inches: channery clay loam
Bt3 - 40 to 80 inches: channery loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Northcove, Bouldery
Setting
Landform: Drainageways, coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Skeletal colluvium derived from phyllite and/or slate and/or meta
sandstone and/or meta graywacke
Typical profile
A - 0 to 7 inches: very channery loam
Bw1 - 7 to 30 inches: very channery loam
Bw2 - 30 to 80 inches: extremely stony sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
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Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Drainageways, coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Whiteoak, bouldery
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Drainageways, coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Nowhere, undrained
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Drainageways on coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Dellwood, occassionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains on coves
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Rubble land
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
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NhC—Nantahala channery loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbgv
Elevation: 1,440 to 2,010 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 56 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Nantahala and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Nantahala
Setting
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from phyllite and/or metasandstone
Typical profile
A - 0 to 6 inches: channery loam
Bt - 6 to 32 inches: clay
BC - 32 to 49 inches: loam
C - 49 to 56 inches: sandy loam
Cr - 56 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Minor Components
Brasstown
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Junaluska
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Farner
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
NhD—Nantahala channery loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbgw
Elevation: 1,580 to 2,320 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 56 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance
Map Unit Composition
Nantahala and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Nantahala
Setting
Landform: Hillsides
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
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Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from phyllite and/or metasandstone
Typical profile
A - 0 to 6 inches: channery loam
Bt - 6 to 32 inches: clay
BC - 32 to 49 inches: loam
C - 49 to 56 inches: sandy loam
Cr - 56 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Brasstown
Percent of map unit: 6 percent
Landform: Hillsides
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Junaluska
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Ridges, hillsides
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
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Farner
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Hillsides
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
RdA—Reddies-Dellwood complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbh0
Elevation: 1,700 to 2,590 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 64 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Reddies, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 60 percent
Dellwood, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 20 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Reddies, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Drainageways on flood plains on valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 14 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 14 to 26 inches: fine sandy loam
2C - 26 to 80 inches: very gravelly sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 42 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
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Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Dellwood, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Drainageways on flood plains on valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Parent material: Sandy and gravelly alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
A - 8 to 16 inches: extremely gravelly sand
C - 16 to 80 inches: extremely gravelly coarse sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 48 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Cullowhee, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Swales on flood plains on valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Smokemont, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Drainageways on flood plains on valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
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Dillard, rarely flooded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Toes on valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Ela, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains on valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Concave, convex
Hydric soil rating: Yes
RsA—Rosman loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbh2
Elevation: 1,690 to 2,590 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Rosman, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 20 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Rosman, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 10 to 59 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 59 to 80 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
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Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 42 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Dillard, rarely flooded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Biltmore, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Natural levees on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Cullowhee, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Swales on flood plains on valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
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StB—Statler loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbhk
Elevation: 1,710 to 2,300 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Statler, rarely flooded, and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Statler, Rarely Flooded
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 10 inches: loam
Bt - 10 to 50 inches: clay loam
C - 50 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 48 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: High (about 11.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Minor Components
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Microfeatures of landform position: Swales
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Rosman, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Dillard, rarely flooded
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Stream terraces on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
SyF—Sylco-Cataska complex, 50 to 95 percent slopes, very rocky
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2vx4l
Elevation: 1,170 to 4,860 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 76 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 167 to 178 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Sylco, very rocky, and similar soils: 50 percent
Cataska, very rocky, and similar soils: 35 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
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Description of Sylco, Very Rocky
Setting
Landform: Ridges on mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, crest, side
slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Loamy-skeletal residuum weathered from phyllite and/or slate
that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 1 to 6 inches: very channery loam
Bw1 - 6 to 19 inches: very channery loam
Bw2 - 19 to 29 inches: very channery loam
Cr - 29 to 36 inches: bedrock
R - 36 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 90 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 39 inches to paralithic bedrock; 20 to 40 inches
to lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Cataska, Very Rocky
Setting
Landform: Ridges on mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, mountaintop, side slope,
crest
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Loamy-skeletal residuum weathered from phyllite and/or slate
that is affected by soil creep in the upper solum
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 1 inches: slightly decomposed plant material
A - 1 to 5 inches: very channery loam
Bw - 5 to 18 inches: very channery loam
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Cr - 18 to 22 inches: bedrock
R - 22 to 80 inches: bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 50 to 90 percent
Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 9 to 20 inches to paralithic bedrock; 19 to 22 inches to
lithic bedrock
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to low (0.00
to 0.01 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Spivey, very bouldery
Percent of map unit: 2 percent
Landform: Coves on mountain slopes, fans on mountain slopes, drainageways on
mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, center third of
mountainflank, side slope, head slope
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Santeetlah, flaggy
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Drainageways on coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope, head slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Junaluska, flaggy
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Ridges on mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, mountaintop, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
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Soco, flaggy
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Ridges on mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, crest, side
slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Tsali, flaggy
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Landform: Ridges on mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, mountainflank, crest, side
slope
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
ThB—Thurmont-Dillard complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbhr
Elevation: 1,760 to 2,410 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Thurmont and similar soils: 55 percent
Dillard and similar soils: 35 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Thurmont
Setting
Landform: Drainageways, coves
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear, concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium and/or colluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 4 inches: loam
Bt1 - 4 to 35 inches: clay loam
Bt2 - 35 to 42 inches: sandy clay loam
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BC - 42 to 48 inches: sandy loam
C - 48 to 80 inches: loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 36 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Dillard
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium and/or colluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: loam
Bt - 7 to 50 inches: clay loam
BCg - 50 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Dillard, moderately eroded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
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Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Ela, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
ThC—Thurmont-Dillard complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbhs
Elevation: 1,200 to 4,190 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Thurmont and similar soils: 70 percent
Dillard and similar soils: 20 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Thurmont
Setting
Landform: Drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy colluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 4 inches: loam
Bt1 - 4 to 35 inches: clay loam
Bt2 - 35 to 42 inches: sandy clay loam
BC - 42 to 48 inches: sandy loam
C - 48 to 80 inches: loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
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Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 36 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Dillard
Setting
Landform: Drainageways
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium and/or colluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: loam
Bt - 7 to 50 inches: clay loam
BCg - 50 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Lonon, bouldery
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Fans on coves, drainageways on coves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
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Ela, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on drainageways
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
TxA—Toxaway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbht
Elevation: 1,460 to 1,910 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 66 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Map Unit Composition
Toxaway, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Toxaway, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Concave, linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 20 inches: loam
Cg1 - 20 to 42 inches: silt loam
Cg2 - 42 to 50 inches: silty clay loam
Cg3 - 50 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained
Runoff class: Negligible
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
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Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Minor Components
Arkaqua, occasionally flooded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Dillard, rarely flooded
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
UrB—Udorthents-Urban land complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbhw
Elevation: 1,280 to 2,910 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Udorthents, loamy, and similar soils: 50 percent
Urban land: 40 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
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Description of Udorthents, Loamy
Setting
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Oamy and clayey mine spoil or earthy fill derived from
metasedimentary rock
Typical profile
C - 0 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to very high
(0.00 to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Urban Land
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8s
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Thurmont
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces on valleys
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: No
Junaluska
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
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UrF—Udorthents-Urban land complex, 8 to 95 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2mbhx
Elevation: 1,280 to 3,610 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 176 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Udorthents and similar soils: 70 percent
Urban land: 25 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Udorthents
Setting
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Loamy mine spoil or earthy fill derived from metasedimentary
rock
Typical profile
C - 0 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 95 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to very high
(0.00 to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Urban Land
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
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Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8s
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Junaluska
Percent of map unit: 4 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes, hillslopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Rubble land
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 0 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
W—Water
Map Unit Composition
Water: 100 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Water
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8w
Hydric soil rating: No
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References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
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United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
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United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf
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