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Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration
Project No. 17
2008 Monitoring Report (Final): Year 3 of 5
March 2009
Prepared for: NCDENR-EEP
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
Prepared by: Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
9101 Southern Pine Blvd., Suite 160
Charlotte, NC 28273
Design Firm: EcoScience Corporation
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, NC 27604
WNW OPMOMENR pit
PC
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SECTION I - PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1 Location and Setting .................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Mitigation Structure and Objectives .......................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Project History and Background ................................................................................ 1-3
1.4 Monitoring Plan View ................................................................................................ 1-5
SECTION 2 - PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS
2.1. Vegetation Assessment .............................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 Soil Data .................................................................................................... ..2-1
2.1.2 Vegetative Current Condition ................................................................... ..2-1
2.1.3 Vegetative Current Condition Plan View ................................................. .. 2-2
2.1.4 Stem Counts .............................................................................................. .. 2-2
2.1.5 Vegetation Plot Photos .............................................................................. .. 2-3
2.2. Stream Assessment ................................................................................................. .. 2-3
2.2.1 Stream Current Condition Plan View ....................................................... .. 2-4
2.2.2 Stream Current Condition Table ............................................................... .. 2-4
2.2.3 Numbered Issues Photo Section ................................................................ ..2-4
2.2.4 Fixed Photo Station Photos ....................................................................... .. 2-4
2.2.5 Stability Assessment ................................................................................. ..2-4
2.2.6 Quantitative Measures Tables ................................................................... .. 2-6
2.2.7 Hydrologic Criteria ................................................................................... .. 2-9
2.3. Wetland Assessment ............................................................................................. .. 2-9
2.3.1 Wetland Current Condition Plan View ..................................................... 2-10
2.3.2 Wetland Criteria Attainment ..................................................................... 2-10
SECTION 3 - METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology ...............................................................
SECTION 4 - REFERENCES
SECTION 5 - FIGURES
SECTION 6 - APPENDICES
........................... 3-1
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page ii
Table of Contents
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Project Mitigation Structure and Objectives ........................................................ 1-2
Table 1.2 Project Activity and Reporting History ............................................................. .. 1-3
Table 1.3 Project Contacts ................................................................................................. ..1-4
Table 1.4 Project Background ............................................................................................ .. 1-4
Table 2.1 Preliminary Soil Data ...........................................................................................2-1
Table 2.2 Stem Counts for Planted Species Arranged by Plot ............................................. 2-3
Table 2.3 Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment .................................... 2-6
Table 2.4 Baseline Morphological and Hydraulic As-Built Summary ................................2-7
Table 2.5 Morphology and Hydraulic Monitoring Summary ............................................ ..2-8
Table 2.6 Verification of Bankfull Events ........................................................................... 2-9
Table 2.7 Wetland Criteria Attainment .............................................................................. 2-10
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Project Location and Watershed Map
Figure 1.2 Monitoring Plan View Map
List of Appendices
Appendix I Vegetation Raw Data
Appendix 2 Geomorphic and Stream Stability Data
Appendix 3 Wetland Raw Data
Appendix 4 Current Condition Plan View (Integrated)
Back Creek Monitoring Report- FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
PC
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Executive Summary
The Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Project is a 17.5 acre lot located in
Mecklenburg County, North Carolina and is a mitigation project for the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT). The project was transferred from NCDOT to the North
Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) in 2006. The following goals were
established for the Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Project.
1. Restore approximately 3,525 linear feet (lf) of Back Creek.
2. Restore approximately 827 If of tributaries to Back Creek.
3. Restore approximately 1.5 acres (ac) of jurisdictional wetland, enhance approximately 1.8 ac
of jurisdictional wetland, and create approximately 0.5 ac of open water/freshwater marsh
adjacent to on-site channels.
4. Reforest approximately 17.5 ac of floodprone area and adjacent upland slopes with native
forest species.
The Back Creek project consisted of restoring approximately 1,300 if of the existing channel
(Priority 1) and enhancing approximately 2,000 if (Priority 2/3) where restoration was not
feasible. Approximately 775 if of two unnamed tributaries to Back Creek were also restored
(Priority 1). Back Creek's riparian areas were planted to improve habitat and stabilize
streambanks. The site contains 3.5 ac (proposed as 1.8) of wetland enhancement and 0.4 ac
(proposed as 2.0) of wetland restoration. This report serves as the 3rd year of the 5 year
monitoring plan for the Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Site.
The 2008 vegetation monitoring results indicated that the Back Creek Site appears to be meeting
vegetation success criteria. Vegetative monitoring success criteria, as stated in the 2003 NCDOT
mitigation plan, requires an average number of planted stems per acre exceeding 320 stems per
acre after the third year of monitoring. The survival rate for the woody vegetation monitored for
2008 is 69%. The site density is approximately 368 planted stems per acre with a plot size of
0.057 ac, which exceeds the year 3 goal of 320 planted stems per acre. A survivability increase
from 2007 is most likely due to the resprouting of suspected dead stems recorded. Only one of
the four vegetation monitoring plots (Plot 4) continues to result in a low survival rate (30%) with
sparse ground cover of emergent wetland plants in comparison to the 2006 and 2007 monitoring
year. Planted stem mortality within Plot 4 is most likely due to the severe drought experienced
during the 2007 growing season.
Results from the 2008 stream monitoring effort indicate that Back Creek and the two unnamed
tributaries appear to be maintaining vertical and lateral stability with stable structures and
minimal bank erosion. A few problem areas were observed, such as moderate bank erosion,
moderate to poor streambank cover, loose matting, and aggradation. It is recommended that the
section with poor streambank cover (approximate stationing 33+14 and 34+38) should be
stabilized with matting and vegetation as soon as possible to prevent future problems. Areas
with aggradation, such as lateral and transverse bars will be closely monitored for shifts in lateral
stability. These areas of stream instability do not appear to have advanced from the previous
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 2
Executive Summary
monitoring years; however, it is suggested that these areas continue to be monitored closely for
major shifts in bed features and the channel thalweg.
For the 2008 monitoring year, all gauges achieved the wetland success criterion of soil saturation
within the upper 12 inches for 30 consecutive days, which is 12.5 percent of the March 21 to
November 16 (241 days) growing season. However for this monitoring report, hydrologic data is
shown through September 30 due to report submittal due dates. The planted woody stem species
throughout the wetland areas are meeting the required success criteria with the exception of plot
4.
Overall, the Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Site appears to be stable and has met
the stream, vegetation, and wetland mitigation goals for monitoring year 3.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
OTC
SECTION I
PROJECT BACKGROUND
SECTION 1
PROJECT BACKGROUND
The background information provided in this report is referenced from the mitigation plan and
previous monitoring reports prepared by EcoScience (2003).
1.1 Location and Setting
The Back Creek Site is located approximately five miles northeast of the City of Charlotte in
Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. The site is east of Back Creek Church Road and
southwest of the intersection of State Route 49 and Interstate 485 (Figure 1.1). The restoration
site is located within the Piedmont eco-region and in the Yadkin-Peedee River Basin (USGS
Subbasin HUC 03040105). The project site size is 17.5 ac.
To access the site from Interstate 85, take Exit 48 (I-485S), follow to Exit 33 (Highway 49), and
turn right onto Highway 49. Next, turn left onto Back Creek Church Road, and continue until
the intersection with Back Creek. The restoration project is located downstream from Back
Creek Church Road.
1.2 Mitigation Structure and Objectives
Historically, the site was utilized for livestock grazing and agricultural hay production.
Currently, the site is dominated by fallow, successional fields and a few stands of isolated
hardwood forests. Sewer line construction and past landuse are the apparent causes of stream
instability due to dredging and straightening of the upstream reach. A prior stabilization attempt
included using rip-rap on the channel banks. Urban development in the watershed has also
contributed to the instability of Back Creek.
The following goals were established for the Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration
Project.
1. Restore approximately 3,525 If of Back Creek.
2. Restore approximately 827 if of tributaries to Back Creek.
3. Restore approximately 1.5 ac of jurisdictional wetland, enhance approximately 1.8 ac of
jurisdictional wetland, and create approximately 0.5 ac of open water/freshwater marsh
adjacent to on-site channels.
4. Reforest approximately 17.5 ac of floodprone area and adjacent upland slopes with native
forest species.
The stream and its tributaries were restored using a Priority 2 approach and enhanced using a
Priority 2/3 where restoration was not feasible. Back Creek and the upstream tributary were
designed and constructed as E-channels. The central tributary was designed and constructed as a
cr? B-channel. The project also included enhancing the associated riparian zone. According to the
"Transfer of Rack Creek Mitigation Site" letter fro ated March 15, ,
the mitigation site consists of approximately 4,075 (proposed as 4,352) if of restored'stre-arn
C
Back Creek Monitoring Report -FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
?, Year 3 of 5
Page 1-2
Project Background
including restoring approximately 3,300 (proposed as 3,525) if of Back Creek and restoring
approximately 775 (proposed as 827) If of tributaries to Back Creek. Also, per the previous
referenced letter, the site contains 3.5 ac (proposed as 1.8) of wetland enhancement and 0.4 ac
(proposed as 2.0) of wetland restoration. Construction of the restoration project was completed
in December 2005, and tree planting was completed in February 2006.
The Back Creek project consisted of restoring approximately 1,300 if of the existing channel
(Priority 1) and enhancing approximately 2,000 If (Priority 2/3) where restoration was not
feasible (Table 1.1). The relocated reaches and the restored in-place reaches were
restored/enhanced using vegetation and in-stream stabilization structures, such as cross vanes, J-
hook vanes, and grade control sills. Bankfull benches were created along each reach to re-
establish floodplain connection. Approximately 775 if of two unnamed tributaries to Back Creek
were also restored (Priority 1). The upstream tributary was designed and constructed as an E-
channel and in-stream stabilization structures were installed. The central tributary was designed
and constructed as a B-channel and step-pool structures were installed. Riparian areas were
planted with native bare root seedlings and herbaceous cover to enhance the riparian areas and
stabilize streambanks.
Table 1.1
Project Mitigation Structure and Objectives
Back Creek/Project No. 17
Linear Stationing
Segment/Reach Mitigation Type Approach Footage or (R) Comments
11 Acres
Channel restoration, %Wcatma
Back Creek/Reach 1 R P 1,300 if 0+00-13+00 with use of grade control and bank
protection structures.
Channel restoration, in-place with
Back Creek/Reach 2 EI P2/3 2,000 If 13+00-33+00 use of grade control and bank
protection structures.
Channel restoration, reloocan
Upstream Tributary R P 400 If 0+00-4+00 with use of grade control and bank
protection structures.
n Channel restoration, relocation
Central Tributary R P2 375 If 0+00-3+75 with use of grade control and bank
protection structures.
Wetland Areas R 0.4 ac Restoration of wetlands.
Wetland Area E 3.5 ac Enhancement of jurisdictional
wetland.
Component Summations
Wetland (ac)
Restoration Level Stream (If) Non- Upland (ac) Buffer (ac) BMP
Riparian Riparian
Restoration (R) 2,075 0.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Enhancement (E) N/A 3.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Enahncement I (E) 2,000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Enhancement II (E) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Creation (C) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Preservation (P) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
HQ Preservation (P) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Totals 4,075 3.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 1-3
Project Background
1.3 Project History and Background
The stream enhancement/restoration plan was designed by EcoScience Corporation and
constructed by Shamrock Environmental. Construction activities were completed in December
2005. The first annual monitoring activities were conducted in the spring of 2006. This report
serves as the 3rd year of the 5 year monitoring plan for the Back Creek project. Tables 1.2 and
1.3 provide detailed project activity, history, and contact information for this project. Table 1.4
provides more in-depth watershed/site background for the project.
Table 1.2
Project Activity and Reporting History
Back Creek/Project No. 17
Activity or Report Data Collection
Completed Actual Completion or
Deliver
Restoration Plan N/A January 2003
Final Design-90% N/A N/A
Construction N/A December 2005
Temporary S&E mix applied to entire project
area* N/A 2005
Permanent seed mix applied to reach N/A N/A
Woody plantings for reach N/A February 2006
As-Built Plansheet (Design Markups) N/A July 2004
Year 1 Monitoring November 2006 January 2006
Year 2 Monitoring August 2007 November 2007
Year 3 Monitoring May/.tune 2008 November 2008
Year 4 Monitoring 2009 2009
Year 5 Monitoring 2010 2010
*Seed and mulch is added as each section of construction is completed.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 1-4
Project Background
Table 1.3
Project Contacts
Back Creek/Project No. 17
EcoScience Corporation
Designer 1101 Haynes Street, Suite 101
Raleigh, NC 27604
Shamrock Environmental Corportation
Construction 503 Patton Avenue
Greensboro, NC 27406
Planting Contractor Henry Rosso
Shamrock Environmental Corportation
Seeding Contractor 503 Patton Avenue
Greensboro, NC 27406
Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Monitoring Performers 9101 Southern Pine Blvd., Suite 160
Charlotte, NC 28273
Stream Monitoring, POC
Kirsten Young, 704-527-4106 ext.246
Vegetation Monitoring, POC
Table 1.4
Project Background
Back Creek/Project No. 17
Project County Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
Drainage Area - Main Reach 4.1 s q. mi
Upstream Tributary 0.1 s q. mi
Central Tributary 0.04 s q. mi
Drainage impervious cover estimate -20%
Stream Order - Main Reach 3rd
Upstream Tributary 1 st
Central Tributary 1 st
Ph sio ra hic Region Piedmont
Ecore ion Piedmont
Ros en Classification of As-built - Main Reach E4/5
Upstream Tributary E4/5
Central Tributary B
Cowardin Classification
Main Reach
Upstream Tributary
Downstream Tributary
R2UB12
R4SB34
R4SB23
Dominant soil types Monacan, Enon, Wilkes

Reference site ID UT to Crane Creek
UT to Reedy Creek
UT to Dutch Buffalo Creek
USGS HUC for Project and Reference - Back Creek 03040105
NCDWQ Sub-basin for Project and Reference CTB31
NCDWQ classification for Project and Reference WS-I1, H W,C
An portion of an project segment 303d list? No
An portion of an project segment upstream of a 303d listed segment? No
Reason for 303d listing or stressor? N/A
% of project easement fenced? 100%
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 1-5
Project Background
1.4 Monitoring Plan View
The monitoring plan view map (Figure 1.2) illustrates the location of the longitudinal profile
stations, cross-section stations, vegetation plots, photo points, and gauges. A total of seven
cross-sections were established within the main reach of Back Creek and one cross-section was
established within the upstream tributary in 2006. An additional cross-section was established
within the central tributary during the 2007 monitoring year. Approximately 3,100 if of
longitudinal profile were monitored. Four previously established vegetative plots in the riparian
zone adjacent to Back Creek were identified and monitored. Photographs were taken upstream
and downstream at each cross-section, vegetation plot, and at photo points that were established
during the 2006 monitoring year.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5

SECTION 2
PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS
SECTION 2
PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS
The following monitoring results are from the 2008 (year 3 of 5) survey.
2.1 Vegetation Assessment
2.1.1 Soil Data
Back Creek is situated within an agricultural valley in the inner Piedmont Belt of the North
Carolina Piedmont Physiographic Province. Researchable data indicates that the soils within the
project area are those found in alluvial landforms in this physiographic region; however, grading
and filling activities during construction likely have disturbed the parent soil material.
Review of the Soil Survey of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina indicates that three soil series
are found within the project limits. These soil series consist of Monacan, Enon, and Wilkes.
Monacan soils are very deep, well-drained to somewhat poorly-drained soils found along stream
corridors. These soils are formed in recent alluvium sediments of the Piedmont and Coastal
Plain. Slopes are generally less than 2 percent. Enon soils are very deep, well-drained soils on
ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont uplands. The soils are formed in clayey residuum
weathered from mafic or intermediate igneous and metamorphic rocks such as diorite, gabbro,
gneiss, and schist of the Piedmont uplands. Slopes range from 2 to 15 percent for the Enon
series. Wilkes soils are shallow, well-drained soils adjacent to drainage ways. They are formed
in residuum weathered from intermediate and mafic crystalline rocks on the Piedmont uplands.
Slopes range from 15 to 25 percent for the Wilkes series. Please refer to Table 2.1 for
descriptions of the soil series within the project area.
Table 2.1
Preliminary Soil Data
Back Creek/Project No. 17
Series Max
De th in % Clay
on Surface K
Factor T
Factor OM %
Enon 72 5-20 0.24 5 0.0-2.0
Monacan 80 7-27 0.43 5 0.0-3.0
Wilkes 48 5-20 0.24 2 0.0-2.0
2.1.2 Vegetative Current Condition
During the vegetative survey conducted in June 2008, it was noted that some areas of the
streambanks have suffered localized loss of vegetative cover. In these areas, it is expected that
flood events may have caused bank erosion; therefore, removing vegetation. Furthermore, the
compaction of soil and nutrient poor conditions may also be contributing to the mortality of live
stakes and herbaceous cover in these areas. Please refer to Appendix 1.1 and 1.2 for more details
on vegetative current condition areas and photos.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 2-2
Project Condition and Monitoring Results
2.1.3 Vegetative Current Condition Plan View
Please refer to Appendix 4 for location of vegetative current condition areas on-site and
Appendix 1.2 for representative vegetation current condition photos.
2.1.4 Stem Counts
JJG conducted the 2008 (year 3 of 5) vegetative assessment and vegetative plot analysis in June
2008. Vegetation assessments were conducted following the NCEEP 2004 Stem Counting
Protocol which consists of counting woody stems within the established vegetation plots. The
four vegetative plots previously established in the design phase were selected randomly and
represent the riparian buffer zone. The planted vegetative community goal for these plots is to
establish a Piedmont floodplain forest. Success goals for vegetation were established in the
January 2003 mitigation plan prepared by EcoScience. The following lists the vegetation
success criteria used for the Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Site.
¦ 320 stems per acre years 1 through 3
¦ 290 stems per acre year 4
¦ 260 stems per acre year 5
Up to 10-percent of the stems per acre can include naturally recruited "character species."
Character species are represented by those tree species that were planted on site.
Trees planted within the monitored plots include swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), river
birch (Betula nigra), American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), green ash (Fraxinus
pennsylvanica), and American elm (Ulmus americana). In addition, natural recruitment
vegetation was also monitored within these plots. Naturally recruited species encountered were
sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and red maple (Acer rubrum).
The survival rate for the planted woody vegetation monitored for 2008 is 69%, which has
remained the same from previous data recorded in September 2007. The monitoring data
indicates an average of 21 stems per plot. Using an average of 21 stems per plot and a plot size
of 0.057 acre, the average stem density for the site is 368 stems per acre. In addition, natural
recruitment stems were also monitored. The monitoring data indicates an average of 9 volunteer
stems per plot. Please refer to Appendix 1.1 for vegetation raw data.
In conclusion, the riparian restoration project meets the success criteria requirements. Some loss
of streambank vegetation was evident in 2006; however, the overall growth of the streambank
vegetation is good and appears to have improved over the past few years. The overall success of
the woody vegetation monitored within three of the four plots appears to be better than what was
initially assessed in September 2006. This is most likely due to the resprouting of suspected
dead saplings and new volunteer species. Although all plots met the vegetation success
threshold with the exception of plot 4, the results from plot 4 did not affect the site's average
survivability to be considered unsuccessful. In conclusion, the riparian restoration project meets
the requirements per the success criterion fdr 2008 monitoring year. Refer to Appendix 1.1 for
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 2-3
Project Condition and Monitoring Results
vegetation raw data and Table 2.2 for a summary of stem counts for planted species recorded by
plot for the 2008 monitoring year.
Table 2.2
Stem Counts for Planted Species Arranged by Plot
Back Creek/Project No. 17
Stem Counts for Planted Species Arranged by Plot _ MY-2008
Vegetation Plots Monitored
(MY-2008) MY1 -
2006 MY2 -
2007 MY2 -
2008
Species Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Totals Totals Totals
Quercus michauxii 4 6 6 10 10
Fraxinus pennsylvanica 6 8 12 4 28 29 30
Platanus occidentalis 5 7 6 1 16 19 19
Betula nigra 4 4 10 4 14 23 22
Ulmus americans 2 1 2 2
Unknown Dead 9 5 2 21 55 37 37
Total Planted Live Stems (2008) 21 25 28 9 N/A N/A 83
Average # of Stems (2008) 21
Stem Density (2008) 368
Percent Survival (2008) 70% 83% 93% 30% Avg=69%
Volunteer Stems
Species Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Totals Totals Totals
Liquidambar styracii lua 17 3 12 20 20
Acer rubrum 1 1 3 2 2 5
Acernegundo 1 1 N/A N/A 2
Fraxinus pennsylvanica 4 2 N/A N/A 6
Platanus occidentalis 3 N/A N/A 3
Total Volunteer Strems (2008) 8 18 4 6 14 22 36
2.1.5 Vegetation Plot Photos
Please refer to Appendix 1.3 for photographs of the monitoring plots.
2.2 Stream Assessment
Stream dimension, profile, and substrate were evaluated within 3,100 if of the Back Creek
Stream and Wetland Restoration Site. The upstream and central tributaries were also evaluated
through visual assessments, and cross-sectional surveys.
Data collected from the previous monitoring year (MY 2006) was not used in the longitudinal
profile comparison, because it was collected using a different type of engineering equipment,
such as a site or laser level. Using different instrumentation to collect the morphological data
affects the longitudinal stationing of the profile. As a result, conclusions drawn from this
analysis are not completely representative of the actual changes occurring along the channel
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 2-4
Project Condition and Monitoring Results
profile. The data collected in monitoring years 2007 and 2008 were chosen to represent the
changes occurring within the longitudinal profile for the longitudinal graphical display because
they are indicative of the actual morphological change that has occurred over the three year
monitoring period.
Please refer to Table 2.3 for a summary of the visual stability assessment, Table 2.4 for the
monitoring baseline morphology and hydraulic summary, Table 2.5 for monitoring years 2006-
2008 morphology and hydraulic summary, Table 2.6 for hydrologic criteria, and Appendix 2 for
more detailed stream data tables and plots.
2.2.1 Stream Current Condition Plan View
Please refer to Appendix 4 for location of stream current condition on-site.
2.2.2 Stream Current Condition Table
Please refer to Appendix 2.1 for the stream current condition table.
2.2.3 Numbered Issues Photo Section
Please refer to Appendix 2.2 for representative stream current condition photos.
2.2.4 Fixed Photo Station Photos
Please refer to Appendix 2.3 for stream photo station photos and Appendix 2.4 for stream cross-
section photos.
2.2.5 Stability Assessment
The majority of the project conditions reflected the as-built drawings. The following general
observations were noted.
Main Channel
The majority of project conditions continue to reflect the as-built drawings. The pattern, profile,
and dimension of the restored channel appear stable. Please refer to the attached plan sheets and
current condition table. A general overview is provided below.
¦ The pattern, profile, and dimension of the restored channel appear stable for the majority of
the project.
¦ There are several areas with moderate erosion occurring under the matting.
¦ There are a few areas with eroding point bars on the upstream and downstream sides around
stationing 3+30, 3+70, and 4+50.
¦ Three areas within the restored reach are illustrating signs of aggradation; two areas have
lateral bars forming (approximate stationing 25+90 and 27+30), and the third area has a
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 2-5
Project Condition and Monitoring Results
transverse and mid channel bar forming (approximate stationing 14+90). All three areas show
a shift in the thalweg.
¦ Bank erosion is occurring at different levels throughout the channel, particularly where the
lateral, transverse, and mid channel bars are forming and within the lower end of the project.
¦ The medium-sized cedar tree, which had fallen into the stream during the 2006 monitoring
year, has remained in place below the convergence of the*B channel. The tree has continued
to collect storm debris.
¦ The two side tributaries appear stable with minor bank scour occurring.
¦ The majority of structures appear to be in good condition; however, a few structures have
moderate erosion around the arms where they tie into the bankfull elevation.
Overall, the present stream dimensions in Back Creek appear to be stable. The average bankfull
width (30.15 ft) of the surveyed cross-sections is higher than the proposed 22.4 ft, and the
average surveyed mean bankfull depth is 1.86 ft compared to the proposed 2.5 ft. The surveyed
bankfull widths and depths lead to an average Width/Depth ratio of 16.45 and the sinuosity is
1.5. The W/D ratio (16.45) is typical of a C-type channel, but the sinuosity (1.5) is typical of an
E-type channel. Therefore, due to these defining characteristics for this monitoring year, the
stream classifies as an E4c. The average Width/Depth ratio has decreased since the 2006
monitoring year indicating that the channel is becoming more narrow and deep, which is typical
for proposed E-type streams. Most likely this channel will continue to narrow and the W/D ratio
over time will eventually be characterized as an E-type channel, thereby dropping the "little c"
notation in the classification as well.
The 2008 substrate analysis illustrates that all of the cross-sections within the restoration site are
showing a coarsening trend; therefore, recovering from the drought conditions experienced in
2007. JJG conducted a longitudinal profile along 3,100 if of Back Creek. The thalweg profile
appears to be stable, and was characterized by well-defined riffle and pool features. The average
water surface slope and the average bankfull slope were similar for the surveyed reach, 0.0040
ft/ft and 0.0040 ft/ft, respectively. The surveyed water surface slope was slightly steeper than the
proposed 0.0034 ft/ft, but similar to the 2006 and 2007 surveyed slopes.
Overall, the reach appears to be maintaining vertical and lateral stability with stable structures
and minimal bank erosion. Areas with aggradation, such as lateral and transverse bars, in the
future could potentially be flushed out with higher flows. However, this may also be an indicator
that the constructed pattern is adjusting within certain sections. If these areas continue to shift
and aggrade they could potentially create significant lateral instability and shifts in the stream's
pattern and profile. These areas have not advanced from the previous monitoring years, but will
continue to be monitored closely for major shifts in bed features and the channel thalweg.
Upstream Tributary
Based on current monitoring data and the visual inspection, the channel seems to be functioning
properly and maintaining stability. No erosion or structure failure was observed along this reach.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 2-6
Project Condition and Monitoring Results
Central Tributary
A visual assessment of stability was performed for the central tributary. The tributary appears to
be maintaining its proposed function as a 13-type storm drain channel. There are some areas with
moderate bank erosion, but no structural failure is occurring along this reach.
Table 2.3
Categorical Stream Feature Visual Stability Assessment
Back Creek/Project No. 17

Main Reach As-Built
(2005) MY1
(2006) MY2
(2007) MY3
(2008) MY4
(2009) MY5
(2010)
A. Riffles - 100% 100% 100%
B. Pools - 99% 100% 100%
C. Thalweg - 100% 98% 98%
D. Meanders - 91% 94% 96%
E. Bed General - 99% 99% 99%
F. Bank * * 96% 97%
G. Vanes - 100% 94% 92%
H. Wads/ Boulders - N/A N/A N/A
(Cells noted with a (-), data was not provided and Cells noted with a (*), new data measurement
beginning in MY 2007)
2.2.6 Quantitative Measures Tables
Tables 2.4 and 2.5 display morphological summary data for baseline conditions and from the
2006 , 2007, and 2008 monitoring years. Please refer to Appendix 2 for morphological plots and
raw data tables.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
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Page 2-9
Project Condition and Monitoring Results
Table 2.5 cont.
Morphology and Hydraulic Monitoring Summary
Back Creek/Project No. 17
PROFILE 2006 2007 2008
Min Max Med Min Max Med Min Max Med
Riffle Length (ft) 24.00 77.00 56.00 7.79 124.99 84.75 11.26 89.03 32.49
Riffle Slope (ft/ft) 0.0001 0.0173 0.0063 0.0002 0.0230 0.0098 0.0006 0.0228 0.0071
Pool Length (11) 19.00 161.00 55.20 28.03 109.73 59.81 24.78 157.51 58.10
Pool to Pool Spacing (ft) 21.00 208.00 122.50 47,99 203.26 114.33 36.88 206.84 117.75
ADDITIONAL REACH
PARAMETERS 2006 2007 2008
Valley Length (ft) 2,200 2,200 1200
Channel Length (ft) 3300 3,300 3,300
Sinuosity 1.5 1.5 1.5
Water Surface Slope (ft/ft) 0.0042 0.0041 0.0040
Bankfull Slope (ft/ft) 0.0043 0.0042 0.0040
Rosgen Classification C4 C4 C4
2.2.7 Hydrologic Criteria
A crest gauge is located downstream of cross-section 6 within the Back Creek project site. Table
2.6 below, verifies that one bankfull or greater event occurred within the Back Creek restoration
project in monitoring year 2008. Other indicators such as old wrack lines and staining were
observed at the bankfull and greater elevations within the restoration site as well.
Table 2.6
Verification of Bankfull Events
BackCreek/Project No. 17
Date of Collection Date of Occurrence Method Photo # if available
Summer/Fall 2006 September 13, 2006 Visual Assessment N/A
10/9/2007 Unknown Crest Gauge N/A
8/19/2008 Unknown Crest Gauge N/A
2.3 Wetland Assessment
Three groundwater monitoring gauges and one rain gauge were installed during the construction
phase of the Back Creek Restoration Project. Two of these groundwater gauges were installed in
close proximity to Vegetation Plot 2. One gauge is located within an emergent wetland area
adjacent to the stream. The monitoring gauges are programmed to download groundwater levels
daily and were downloaded monthly from March to October in order to capture hydrological data
during the 2008 growing season. The target wetland hydrological success criterion is saturation
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Page 2-10
Project Condition and Monitoring Results
or inundation for at least 12.5 percent of the growing season in the lower landscape (floodplain)
positions. To achieve the above hydrologic success criterion, groundwater levels must be within
12-inches of the ground surface for 30 consecutive days, which is 12.5 percent of the March 21
to November 16 (241 days) growing season. However, for this monitoring report hydrologic
data is shown through September 30 due to report submittal due dates.
2.3.1 Wetland Current Condition Plan View
There were no problem areas observed within the wetland restoration zones for the Back Creek
Stream and Wetland Restoration Project. Within the wetland zones, hydrophytic vegetation and
hydrology indicators have developed. In some areas, the appropriate soil chroma has also
developed. It is suspected that these areas may have already had hydric conditions present.
Hydrophytic vegetation consists of a thick herbaceous layer of sedge species (Carex spp.), rush
species (Juncus spp.), bulrush species (Scirpus spp.), spotted touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis),
and Smartweed species (Polygonum spp.). The planted woody stem species throughout the
wetland areas are meeting the required success criteria; however, mortality of woody stems was
observed. It is suspected that the mortality of planted stems may be subject to the planting
technique or the soil conditions prior to planting. The general success of hydrology within the
wetland restoration zones is adequate to meet success requirements. Surface inundation to
ground saturation was observed throughout the site; therefore, appropriate hydrological condition
for the wetland zones appears to be present.
2.3.2 Wetland Criteria Attainment
All gauges on site achieved the wetland success criterion of soil saturation within the upper 12
inches for 30 consecutive days during the growing season. Please refer to Appendix 3 for
wetland raw data tables and plots and Table 2.7 for a summary of wetland criteria attainment.
Table 2.7
Wetland Criteria Attainment
Back Creek/Project No. 17

Gauge ID

Gauge Hydrology Met
(yam) Hydrology Met During
Growing Season (%)*

egetation Plot ID Vegetation Survival

Threshold Met Y/N
BC-1 Y 100 Plot 1 Y
BC-2 Y 71 Plot 2 Y
BC-3 Y 82 Plot 3 Y
Plot 4 N
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5

SECTION 3
METHODOLOGY
SECTION 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology
Methods employed for the Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Project were a
combination of those established by standard regulatory guidance and procedures documents as
well as previous monitoring reports completed by EcoScience. Geomorphic and stream
assessments were performed following guidelines outlined in the Stream Channel Reference
Sites: An Illustrated Guide to Field Techniques (Harrelson et al., 1994) and in the Stream
Restoration a Natural Channel Design Handbook (Doll et al, 2003). Vegetation assessments
were conducted following the NCEEP2004 ;Stem Counting Protocol which consists of counting
woody stems within the established vegetation plots. JJG used the Flora of the Carolinas,
Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding areas by Alan S. Weakley as the taxonomic standard for
vegetation nomenclature for this report.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
JJG
SECTION 4
REFERENCES
SECTION 4
REFERENCES
Doll, B.A., Grabow, G.L., Hall, K.A., Halley, J., Harman, W.A., Jennings, G.D., and Wise, D.E.,
2003. Stream Restoration A Natural Channel Design Handbook.
Harrelson, Cheryl C; Rawlins, C.L.; Potyondy, John P. 1994. Stream Channel Reference Sites:
An Illustrated Guide to Field Technique. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-245. Fort Collins, CO: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment
Station. 61 p.
EcoScience Corporation. 2003. Mitigation Report (Back Creek Stream and Wetland
Restoration). Raleigh, NC.
Rosgen, D L. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology Books, Pagosa Springs,
CO.
Weakley, A.S. 2008. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, Northern Florida, and
Surrounding Areas (Draft April 2008). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Chapel Hill,
NC.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5

SECTION 5
FIGURES
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Figure L I Project Location and Watershed Map
Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration
Mecklenburg County, NC
Year 3 of 5
Project No. 17
February 2009
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Appendices

SECTION 6
APPENDICES
Appendix I - Vegetation Raw Data
Appendix 2 - Geomorphic and Stream Stability Data
Appendix 3 - Wetland Raw Data
Appendix 4 - Current Condition Plan View (Integrated)
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APPENDIX 1
VEGETATION RAW DATA
1. Vegetation Survey Data Tables*
2. Representative Vegetation Current Condition Photos
3. Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos
*Raw data tables have been provided electronically.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
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APPENDIX 2
GEOMORPHIC AND STREAM STABILITY DATA
1. Stream Current Condition Table
2. Representative Stream Current Condition Photos
3. Stream Photo Station Photos
4. Stream Cross-Section Photos
5. Qualitative Visual Stability Assessment
6. Cross-Section Plots and Raw Data Tables*
7. Longitudinal Plots and Raw Data Tables*
8. Pebble Count Plots and Raw Data Tables*
*Raw data tables have been provided electronically.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
Main Channel (3,300 If)
Feature Issue Station Numbers Suspected Cause Photo ID #
3+04+3+21 Loose, torn matting, change in near bank stress - LB
3+30-3+36 p
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RB
3+68-3+82 o
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3+61-3+82 Bank slump
4+49-4+57 Point bar erosion - LB
5+74-6+50 Poor vegetation cover, no matting - LB
6+04-6+24 Eroding under matting, Poor vegetative cover - RB
12+35-12+67 loe protection slightly undermined - I OB'RB
B
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o 23,11-23133 Change in near bank stress, eroding under matting - LB
24-12-24+27 Very moderate bank erosion under matting - LB
26-67-26+ 89 Change in near bank stress, eroding under loose matting - RB
24+31-27+58 Change in near bank stress, eroding under matting - RB
28 r68-29+1 1 Change in near bank stress - LB
30+15-30+39 Change in near bank stress - RB
31+15-31+19 Change in near bank stress, eroding under matting - LB
33+39-33+60 Bare bank. lack of ve getative cover - RB
33+94-34+09 Change in near bank stress, eroding under matting - LB
8+81-9+07 Loose matting - LB
14+38-14+39 Loose mattin ;, bank erosion - RB
14+62-14+90 Loose matting, bank erosion under matting - LB
21+88-22114
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26+30-26+41 Loose matting, bank erosion under matting - LB
27+09-27+13 Loose matting, bank erosion under matting - LB
27+09-27+26 Loose matting, bank erosion under matting - RB
34 138-34 4 97 Loose matting, vertical bank - RB
14+90-15+00 Transverse Bar'Mid-Channel Bar 3
Aggradation 25+87+26+29 Lateral bar forming - RB 4
27+27+27+62 Lateral bar forming, pushing TW to REW - LB
Down Tree 17,50 Down tree from streambank - potential for debris jam 5
1327 Scour around right arm - RB
Structure- Stressed 14+28 Scour under arm - LB 6
31 +55 Boulder shifted in arms of cross-vane
Downcut/Lost Riffle I I '68, 12+ 1 I Bed material shifted downstream
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Central Tributary (375 It)
Feature Issue Station Numbers Suspected Cause Photo ID #
0 15-0 . 1 S Eroding under mattme - RB
Bank Erosion-Moderate 2102-2, 15 Eroding under matting - LB I
2+25-2 i 26 Erodine under matting - LB
LB - Lett Bank Looking Downstream, RB - Right Bank Looking Downstream, BB - Both Banks, TOB - Top of Bank
Please refer to Appendix 2.2 for Problem Area Photoe
*No photograph available
Appendix 2.1 Stream Current Condition Table
Back Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration
Year 3 of 5

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APPENDIX 3
WETLAND RAW DATA
1. Data Tables for Hydrological Data*
2. Precipitation - Water Level Plots for Gauges*
*Raw data tables have been provided electronically.
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5
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APPENDIX 4
CURRENT CONDITION PLAN VIEW (INTEGRATED)
1. Current Condition Plan View Map (Integrated)
Back Creek Monitoring Report - FINAL Jordan, Jones, & Goulding
Project No. 17 March 2009
Year 3 of 5

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Oka

? 5 Z

O ?
MATCHLINE STA. 28+75
SEE FIGURE 5 OF 6