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Mac Haupt
Initial Review Completed Date 03/23/2020
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Harry Tsomides
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Project Type: F DMS r Mitigation Bank
Project Name: Vile Creek
County: Alleghany
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MONITORING YEAR 3
ANNUAL REPORT
Final
VILE CREEK MITIGATION SITE
Alleghany County, NC
DEQ Contract No. 5999
DMS Project No. 96582
DWR No. 14-0869
USACE Action ID 2014-01585
Data Collection Period: April — October 2019
Submission Date: December 19, 2019
PREPARED FOR:
rP�
NC Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
PREPARED BY:
WILDLANDS
E N G I N E E R I N G
1430 South Mint Street, Suite 104
Charlotte, NC 28203
Phone: 704.332.7754
Fax: 704.332.3306
WILDLANDS
CI'.i F k, I I v
December 19, 2019
Mr. Harry Tsomides
NC Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
5 Ravenscroft Dr., Suite 102
Asheville, NC 28801
RE: Response to MY3 Draft Report Comments
Vile Creek Mitigation Project
DMS Project # 96582
Contract Number 5999
New River Basin - #CU# 05050001 - Alleghany County, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Tsomides:
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. (Wildlands) has reviewed the Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) comments
from the Draft Monitoring Year 3 report for the Vile Creek Mitigation Project. The following Wildlands
responses to DMS's report comments are noted in italics lettering.
Executive Summary — It is stated "Overall, the Site has partially met the required stream, vegetation,
and hydrology success criteria for MY3 and MYS on track to meet MY7 performance stands/success
criteria." Why is MY5 being mentioned here?
Wildlonds removed MY5 from this sentence.
Section 1.2.5 (Areas of Concern/Adaptive Management Plan):
The section describes and locates stream issues previously identified as well as newer issues and bank
instabilities observed by Wildlands but does not relate a plan to address anything. If you are planning
to address any stream issues on the site, please indicate what and where (and when).
Wildlonds is developing o plan to appropriately address the issues identified in the report. Once completed,
Wildlonds will submit the plan to DMS for comment before any work is done in 2020.
Gray's lily transplanting is mentioned; please capitalize Gray and provide the scientific name.
Wildlonds has added the scientific name to Groy's lily and update the grammatical error.
Thank you for being proactive about bog replanting, treating invasive vegetation on the site, and
reseeding the isolated bare areas in the past year.
Wildlonds will continue to be proactive on our sites and will continue to closely monitor these areas.
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone 704-332-7754 • fax 704-332-3306 • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203
WILDLAND S
CN CGI N-C:IN
Aggradation is noted at single point stations on UT1b, UT1c, and UT2; can Wildlands give estimates of
linear aggradation impacts along these reaches?
Estimates hove been included in the report to note the linear footage of aggradation noted along UT2,
UT18, and UT1c.
Section 1.3 (MY3 Summary) — In describing the underperformance of veg plots 5,9, and 14, it is indicated
that "Vegetation plots 5, 9, and 14 may warrant a supplemental planting this winter." Please re -state
to indicate that areas in and around these plots will be supplemental planted to help establish a native
community (or similar) for these sections of the project. In other words, that you are planting more
than just the plots.
Wildlonds updated the report per DMS's comment above.
Digital Support File review — see email /review comments sent 12/10/2019.
All digital support files hove been updated and included with the electronic files per DMS's email.
December 2019 DMS Site Visit Notes — see email/comments sent 12/12/19.
Wildlonds reviewed the email and plans to take action to address the stream and easement issues reported
by Mr. Tsomides. Wildlonds will continue to update DMS and provide o full summary of actions token in
the MY4 report next year.
Enclosed please find two (2) hard copies and one (1) electronic copy on CD of the Final Monitoring
Report. Please contact me at 704-332-7754 x101 if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
Ouvt� !�, Lk-c��
Andrea S. Eckardt,
Ecological Assessment Team Leader
aeckardt@wildlandseng.com
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone 704-332-7754 • fax 704-332-3306 • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. (Wildlands) completed a full -delivery stream and wetland mitigation project
at the Vile Creek Mitigation Site (Site) for the North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services (DIMS) to
restore and enhance a total of 8,056 linear feet (LF) of perennial and intermittent stream and to restore
6.40 acres of riparian wetlands in Alleghany County, NC. The Site is expected to generate 5,053.000
stream mitigation units (SMUs), and 5.703 riparian wetland mitigation units (WMUs) for the New River
Basin (Table 1). The Site is located approximately one mile east of the Town of Sparta, NC in the New
River Basin eight -digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 05050001 and the 14-digit HUC 05050001030020
(Figure 1). The Site streams consist of Vile Creek and five unnamed tributaries (UT) to Vile Creek
including UT1, UT1b, UT1c, UT2, UT3, and a portion of Little River (Figure 2). Vile Creek flows into Little
River near the downstream project boundary. The land adjacent to the streams and wetlands is
primarily maintained cattle pasture and forest.
The Site is within a Targeted Local Watershed (TLW) identified in the New River Basin Restoration
Priority (RBRP) plan (NCDENR, 2009). The Site is also located within the planning area for the Little River
& Brush Creek Local Watershed Plan (LWP). The LWP identified the following stressors to watershed
function: Heavily grazed deforested buffer, livestock access to the streams, heavily eroded stream
banks, land -disturbing activities on steep slopes, non -point source pollution from the Town of Sparta
and surrounding areas, and drained and deforested wetland areas (NCDENR, 2007).
The project goals defined in the mitigation plan (Wildlands, 2016) were established with careful
consideration of goals and objectives that were described in the RBRP and to meet DIMS mitigation
needs while maximizing the ecological and water quality uplift with the watershed. The project goals
established in the mitigation plan focused on permanent protection for the Site, re-establishing natural
hydrology and vegetation, reducing water quality stressors, and enhancing terrestrial and aquatic
habitat.
The Site construction and as -built survey were completed in February 2017. Monitoring Year (MY) 3
assessments and Site visits were completed between April and September 2019 to assess the conditions
of the project.
Overall, the Site has partially met the required stream, vegetation, and hydrology success criteria for
MY3 and on track to meet MY7 performance stands/success criteria. All restored and enhancement I
streams are geomorphically stable and functioning as designed. During MY3, no bankfull events were
recorded on Vile Creek Reach 2 but three bankfull events were recorded on UT1 Reach 2. However,
bankfull event criteria was already met in MY2. Seven geomorphically significant events were recorded
on Vile Creek Reach 2 and UT1 Reach 2. Pebble counts reflect no significant change in restoration and
enhancement I stream substrate material. The overall average stem density is 445 stems per acre for
woody tree species and 284 stems per acre for shrubs. Therefore, meeting the MY3 requirement of 320
stems per acre for trees and 160 plants per acres for shrubs. Fourteen of seventeen vegetation plots are
either meeting or exceeding stem density criteria. Nine of ten gages in the wetland re-establishment and
rehabilitation areas are either meeting or exceeding hydrology success criteria.
As requested by the US Fish and Wildlife Service during the IRT site walk in 2017, Wildlands removed the
large woody tree species from designated shrubs zoneMY3 and replanted the areas with woody shrub
species. Invasive species continue to be present within and around the site. Currently, 13.2 % of the
conservation easement contains an invasive species population. Treatments in June of MY3 will be
evaluated in MY4.
WVile Creek Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report — DRAFT
VILE CREEK MITIGATION SITE
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Project Goals and Objectives.....................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Monitoring Year 3 Data Assessment..........................................................................................1-2
1.2.1 Stream Assessment............................................................................................................1-2
1.2.2 Stream Hydrology Assessment..........................................................................................1-3
1.2.3 Vegetative Assessment......................................................................................................1-3
1.2.4 Wetland Assessment..........................................................................................................1-4
1.2.5 Areas of Concern/Adaptive Management Plan.................................................................1-4
1.3 Monitoring Year 3 Summary......................................................................................................1-5
Section 2: METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................2-1
Section3: REFERENCES.................................................................................................................3-1
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Figures and Tables
Figure 1
Project Vicinity Map
Figure 2
Project Component Map
Table 1
Project Components and Mitigation Credits
Table 2
Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3
Project Contact Table
Table 4
Project Information and Attributes
Meeting Summary - Vile Creek Mitigation Site IRT Meeting
Appendix 2 Visual Assessment Data
Figure 3.0-3.4 Integrated Current Condition Plan View
Table 5a-f Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment Table
Table 6 Vegetation Condition Assessment Table
Stream Photographs
Vegetation Photographs
Bog Vegetation Photographs
Appendix 3 Vegetation Plot Data
Table 7
Vegetation Plot Criteria Attainment
Table 8
CVS Vegetation Plot Metadata
Table 9a
Planted and Total Stem Counts
Table 9b
Planted Herbaceous Cover (Bog Cells)
Appendix 4 Morphological Summary Data and Plots
Table 10a-b Baseline Stream Data Summary
Table 11 Morphology and Hydraulic Summary (Dimensional Parameters — Cross Section)
Table 12a-b Monitoring Data — Cross-section Plots
Reachwide and Cross-section Pebble Count Plots
Appendix 5 Hydrology Summary Data and Plots
Table 13a-b Verification of Bankfull and Geomorphically Significant Events
Table 14 Wetland Gage Attainment Summary
Groundwater Gage Plots
Recorded in -stream Flow Events
Monthly Rainfall Data
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report — DRAFT
Section 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW
The Site is located approximately one mile east of the Town Sparta in eastern Alleghany County, NC. The
project is within the New River Basin eight -digit HUC 05050001 and the 14-digit HUC 05050001030020
(Figure 1). Located in the Blue Ridge Belt of the Blue Ridge Province (USGS, 1998), the project watershed
primarily includes managed herbaceous, mixed upland hardwoods, and other forested land. The
drainage area for the project streams range from 0.01 square miles to 2.69 square miles.
The project streams consist of Vile Creek and five unnamed tributaries (UT) to Vile Creek including UT1,
UT1b, UT1c, UT2, UT3, and a portion of Little River. Stream restoration reaches include Vile Creek
(Reaches 1 and 2) and UT1 Reach 2, which together comprise 3,047 linear feet (LF) of perennial stream
channel. Stream enhancements reaches include UT1 Reach 1, UT1b, UT1c, UT2, UT3, and a portion of
Little River, totaling 5,009 LF. Wetland components include 3.02 acres of wetland rehabilitation and 3.38
acres of wetland re-establishment.
Construction activities were completed by Land Mechanic Designs, Inc. in February 2017. Planting and
seeding activities were completed by Bruton Natural Systems, Inc. in February 2017. The land required
for construction, management, and stewardship of the mitigation project included portions of five
parcels resulting in 25.04 acres of the conservation easement. The project is expected to generate
5,053.000 stream mitigation units (SMUs) and 5.703 riparian wetland mitigation units (WMUs). Annual
monitoring will be conducted for seven years with close-out anticipated to commence in 2024 given the
success criteria are met.
1.1 Project Goals and Objectives
The Site is intended to provide numerous ecological benefits within the New River Basin. While many of
these benefits are limited to the Vile Creek project area, others, such as pollutant removal, reduced
sediment loading, and improved aquatic and terrestrial habitat, have farther -reaching effects. Expected
improvements to water quality and ecological processes are outlined below as project goals and
objectives. These project goals and objectives were established with careful consideration of goals and
objectives that were described in the RBRP and to address stressors identified in the LWP.
The following project specific goals established in the mitigation plan (Wildlands, 2016) include:
Goals
Objectives
Exclude cattle from streams and buffers by installing
Reduce pollutant inputs to streams including fecal
fencing around conservation easements adjacent to
coliform, nitrogen, and phosphorous.
cattle pastures. Install wells and drinkers to provide
alternative water sources for cattle.
Reduce inputs of sediment into streams from
Reconstruct stream channels with stable dimensions.
eroding stream banks.
Add bank revetments and in -stream structures to
protect restored/enhanced streams.
Return a network of streams to a stable form that
Construct stream channels that will maintain a stable
is capable of supporting hydrologic, biolo is and
p pp gg
pattern and profile considering the hydrologic and
water quality functions.
sediment inputs to the system, the landscape setting,
and the watershed conditions.
WVile Creek Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report — Final 1-1
Goals
Objectives
Improve aquatic communities in project streams
Install habitat features such as constructed riffles, cover
and provide improved habitat for trout migrating
logs, and brush toes into restored/enhanced streams.
from Little River into Vile Creek. Note: Presence of
Add woody materials to channel beds. Construct pools of
aquatic organisms and trout will not be tied to
varying depth.
project success criteria.
Raise local groundwater elevations and allow for
more frequent overbank flows to provide a source
Reconstruct stream channels with appropriate bankfull
of hydration for floodplain wetlands. Reduce shear
dimensions and depth relative to the existing floodplain.
stress on channels during larger flow events.
Restore wetland hydrology, soils, and plant
Restore riparian wetlands by raising stream beds,
plugging existing ditches, removing fill material over
communities.
relict hydric soils, and planting native wetland species.
Improve and expand Southern Appalachian bog
habitat to support bog species such as bog turtles.
Widen low lying ditched areas that represent bog
Note: Presence of bog turtles will not be tied to
conditions.
project success criteria.
Create and improve riparian and wetland habitats
by planting native vegetation. Provide a canopy to
shade streams and reduce thermal loadings. Create
Plant native tree and shrub species in riparian zone and
a source of woody inputs for streams. Reduce flood
wetland areas other than bog areas. Bog areas will be
flow velocities on floodplain and improve long-
planted with herbaceous species.
term lateral stability of streams. Improve bog
habitat by planting herbaceous wetland plants.
Ensure that development and agricultural uses that
would damage the site or reduce the benefits of
Establish conservation easements on the site.
project are prevented.
1.2 Monitoring Year 3 Data Assessment
Annual monitoring and quarterly Site visits were conducted during MY3 to assess the condition of the
project. The stream, vegetation, and hydrologic success criteria for the Site follows the approved success
criteria presented in the Vile Creek Mitigation Plan (Wildlands, 2016).
1.2.1 Stream Assessment
Riffle cross -sections on the restoration and enhancement I reaches should be stable and show little
change in bankfull area, maximum depth ratio, and width -to -depth ratio. Per NCDMS guidance, bank
height ratios (BHR) shall not exceed 1.2 and entrenchment ratios (ER) shall be at least 2.2 (C stream type
reaches only) for restored channels to be considered stable. All riffle cross -sections should fall within the
parameters defined for channels of the appropriate stream type. If any changes do occur, these changes
will be evaluated to assess whether the stream channel is showing signs of instability. Indicators of
instability include trends in vertical incision or bank erosion. Changes in the channel that indicate a
movement toward stability or enhanced habitat include a decrease in the width -to -depth ratio in
meandering channels or an increase in pool depth. Remedial action would not be taken if channel
changes indicate a movement toward stability.
Morphological surveys for the MY3 were conducted in April 2019. All streams within the Site appear
stable with some areas exhibiting minor bank scour.
WVile Creek Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report — Final 1-2
In general, the cross -sections show little change in the bankfull area, maximum depth ratio, and width -
to -depth ratio. All cross -sections fell within the parameters defined for channels of the appropriate
stream type (Rosgen, 1994 & 1996). During MY3 cross -sections two and seven are exhibiting a bank
height ratio greater than 1.2. Cross-section seven degraded during MY1 and has remained stable in
subsequent years. Cross section two began to degrade in MY1 and has continued to degrade through
MY3. The cross-section is located in between two logs in a rock and roll riffle. It's expected to see some
deepening of a scour pool in this location of a rock and roll riffle. The degradation is not expected to
affect the structures up and down stream. Wildlands will continue to watch these cross -sections in
upcoming monitoring years.
MY3 Pebble counts in UT1 and Vile Creek did not indicate a significant change in bed material compared
to previous years. Refer to Appendix 2 for the visual stability assessment table, Current Condition Plan
View (CCPV) maps, and reference photographs. Refer to Appendix 4 for the morphological data and
plots.
1.2.2 Stream Hydrology Assessment
At the end of the seven-year monitoring period, two or more bankfull events and geomorphically
significant (60% of bankfull flow) events must have occurred in separate years within the restoration and
enhancement reaches. Additional survey is required following a geomorphically significant event. The
additional survey can be completed at any time during the seven-year monitoring period. The survey
requirement is two sets of cross -sections two pools and two riffles and one longitudinal profile per
design reach. The longitudinal profile must encompass two riffles that are constructed differently.
During MY3, three bankfull events and seven geomorphically significant events were documented on
UT1, while no bankfull events and seven geomorphically significant events were documented on Vile
Creek Reach 2. With at least three bankfull events occurring in separate years documented on UT1 and
at least two bankfull events occurring in separate years documented on Vile Creek, the success criteria
for bankfull events has been met on all reaches and partially met for geomorphically significant events.
Although geomprphically significant events were recorded in MY3, the additional required survey was
not completed. The additional survey requirement will be completed in MY4. Refer to Appendix 5 for
hydrology summary data and plots.
1.2.3 Vegetative Assessment
A total of 25 vegetation monitoring plots were installed during baseline monitoring throughout the
project easement to measure the survival of the planted trees, shrubs, and herbaceous vegetation.
Seventeen of the plots were established to evaluate woody species composition, density, and survival
rates, while 8 of the plots were established to evaluate percent coverage of herbaceous species of bog
areas. The size of individual quadrants is 100 square meters (10m x 10m or 5m x 20m) for woody tree
and shrub species and 20 square meters (5m x 4m) for herbaceous vegetation bog plots.
Tree and shrub assessments are conducted following the 2006 Carolina Vegetation Survey (CVS) Level 2
Protocol for Recording Vegetation. The final planted stem vegetative success criteria for the Site is the
survival of 210 planted stems per acre in the planted riparian and wetland corridor at the end of the
required monitoring period (MY7). The interim measure of vegetative success for the Site is the survival
of at least 320 planted stems per acre at the end of the third monitoring year (MY3) and at least 260
stems per acre at the end of the fifth monitoring year (MY5). In addition, planted trees must average 10
feet in height in each plot at the end of the seventh year of monitoring. Vegetation plots one and two
contain only shrub species; therefore, shrub stem density success criteria of 160 surviving plants per
acre at the end of year 3, 130 at the end of year 5, and 105 at the end of year 7 is used for these plots.
WVile Creek Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report — Final 1-3
There are no height criteria for shrubs. The bog plots are assessed by visually estimating the percent
coverage within each plot and must have 80% coverage for success criteria.
The MY3 vegetative survey was completed in September 2019. The MY3 vegetation monitoring resulted
in an average planted stem density of 445 stems per acre for woody tree species and 284 stems per acre
for shrubs species, both of which exceed the interim requirement of 320 stems per acre for tree species
and 160 required for shrub species at MY3 and are on target to meet the requirements for MY5 and
MY7. In addition, 14 of the 17 plots individually met the success criteria with a stem density ranging
from 364 to 728 stems per acre for tree species and 162 to 405 for shrub species. Vegetation plots five,
nine, and fourteen did not meet stem density requirements and may warrant supplemental planting this
winter. The bog cells have become well established since project construction. Each with approximately
99% herbaceous coverage, the MY3 monitoring shows all herbaceous bog plots are exceeding success
criteria.
Refer to Appendix 2 for vegetation plot photographs and Appendix 3 for vegetation data tables.
1.2.4 Wetland Assessment
A total of ten groundwater hydrology gages (GWG) and two soil temperature gages were established
during baseline monitoring within the wetland rehabilitation, wetland re-establishment, and bog areas.
A barotroll logger, used to measure barometric pressure and aid in the calculation of groundwater
levels, was also installed on -site. Groundwater monitoring gages are downloaded on a quarterly basis
and maintained as needed. Under typical precipitation conditions, the final performance success criteria
for groundwater hydrology is the documentation of free groundwater within 12 inches of the ground
surface for 14 consecutive days (8.5%) of the defined 169-day growing season (April 26 — October 11) for
wetlands and 20 consecutive days (12%) of the defined 169-day growing season (April 26 — October 11)
for bog areas.
Nine of the Site's ten GWGs met the success criteria for MY3, with the measured hydroperiod ranging
from 2% to 100% of the growing season. While the attainment criteria for hydrologic success for most
of the wells increased or remained the same in comparison to previous years, GWGs 2, 3, 7, and 8
showed a decrease in the number of consecutive days when groundwater was within 12 inches of the
ground surface for MY3. GWG 8 was the only well that did not meet the hydrology requirement for
MY3. During MY1 a berm was lowered that was initially backing up 6-10 inches of water. A significant
drop in ground water attainment for GWG 8 occurred between MY1 and MY2. In MY3 GWG 8 hydrology
continued to decrease. Wildlands will continue monitoring this change to determine if the addition of
another well may be needed to document hydrologic conditions for this area.
Rainfall data collected from the NC-AG-1-Sparta 3.5 SSW(NCCRONOS) rain gage, showed average to
above average rainfall for a majority of the growing season. The months of March, May, August, and
September saw below average rainfall.
Refer to the CCPV Maps in Appendix 2 for the groundwater gage locations and Appendix 5 for
groundwater hydrology and average rainfall summary data and plots.
1.2.5 Areas of Concern/Adaptive Management Plan
Following Hurricane Michael and Florence in Fall 2018, areas of scour and erosion were observed along
several meander bends. Many of the areas observed at the end of MY2 have re-established with
vegetation and appear stable. However, the following areas are now experiencing localized bank
instability and include: Vile Creek Reach 1 station 103+05, Vile Creek Reach 2 station 120+60-120+90,
Vile Creek Reach 3 station 124+00, UT1 Reach 1 between stations 210+60 — 210+80, and UT2 stations
305+00 and 306+50. Areas of aggradation along enhancement II reaches, UT2 (Stations 308+50 (23') and
WVile Creek Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report — Final 1-4
211+50 (41')), UT1b (station 251+20 (51')), and UT1c (Station 271+50 (109')), have resulted in sheet flow
onto the floodplain rather than maintaining flow within a single thread channel. Two headcuts have
formed on UT2 at stations 302+40 and 309+80. The BMP at the top of UT2 has formed a headcut at the
intake from a natural crenulation flowing into the BMP. Wildlands plans to address areas of localized
bank instability across the site and further evaluate headcut and aggradation areas of concern during
winter 2019/2020. All completed repairs will be included in MY4 monitoring report.
The areas surrounding the bogs near Vile Creek Reach 2 were previously planted incorrectly with trees.
In June of MY3, the trees were removed from these areas and planted with shrubs. In addition, the
transplanted Gray's lily (Lilium grayi) near GWG 7 was found and monumented. A second population of
Gray's lily found downstream was also monumented.
Invasive species including Japanese barberry (eerberis thunbergii), Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus
orbiculatus), and multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) continue to be present within and around the Site.
Previous invasive species treatments have included cutting the plants and applying glyphosate the
stumps or stems and have reduced the invasive species population from 17.4% in MY2 to 13.2% in MY3.
Although, these species are not impacting survival rates of planted stems at this time, these areas will
likely warrant additional treatment to prevent any advancement within the conservation easement and
future impacts to the Site. Treatments conducted in June of MY3 will be evaluated in MY4. Wildlands
will continue to monitor the areas of concern and take action as necessary.
Less than 1% of the easement contains areas of poor herbaceous cover. The areas are located between
GWGs 8 and 9, along the right bank of UT2 near station 305+00, and the left bank of Vile Creek Reach 3
located at the boulder toe between stations 124+00 and 124+50. These areas were reseeded in June of
MY3 with a custom erosion control mix of native species. These areas will be reassessed in MY4 to
determine the success of the supplemental planting application.
Refer to Appendix 2 for the vegetation condition assessment table and the CCPV map.
1.3 Monitoring Year 3 Summary
The majority of the streams within the Site appear to be stable and functioning as designed. Multiple
gemorphically significant events were documented for UT1 and Vile Creek, as well as and multiple
bankfull events on UT1; therefore, the Site has partially met the stream hydrological success criteria.
The average planted stem density for the Site is 445 stems per acres and shrub density is 284 stems per
acre, which is on track to meet the MY7 success criteria with 14 of the 17 individual vegetation plots
meeting the MY3 success criteria. The areas in and around vegetation plots 5, 9, and 14 may warrant a
supplemental planting this winter to help establish a native community. The bog cells have become well
established, with approximately 99% coverage of herbaceous vegetation. Nine of the ten groundwater
gages met the success criteria for MY3; however, a decrease was observed in the hydrology for multiple
gages. Planned management and maintenance will continue to address any areas of concerns that
should advance or arise.
Summary information and data related to the performance of various project and monitoring elements
can be found in the tables and figures in the report appendices. Narrative background and supporting
information formerly found in these reports can be found in the Mitigation Plan documents available on
DMS's website. All raw data supporting the tables and figures in the appendices are available from DIMS
upon request.
WVile Creek Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report — Final 1-5
Section 2: METHODOLOGY
Geomorphic data were collected following the standards outlined in The Stream Channel Reference Site:
An Illustrated Guide to Field Techniques (Harrelson et al., 1994) and in the Stream Restoration: A Natural
Channel Design Handbook (Doll et al., 2003). All Integrated Current Condition Mapping was recorded
using either a Trimble or Topcon handheld GPS with sub -meter accuracy and processed using Pathfinder
and ArcGIS. Crest gages were installed in surveyed riffle cross sections and monitored quarterly.
Hydrologic monitoring instrument installation and monitoring methods are in accordance with the
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE, 2016) standards. Planted woody vegetation is being
monitored in accordance with the guidelines and procedures developed by the Carolina Vegetation
Survey-EEP Level 2 Protocol (Lee et al., 2006).
WVile Creek Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report — Final 2-1
Section 3: REFERENCES
Doll, B.A., Grabow, G.L., Hall, K.A., Halley, J., Harman, W.A., Jennings, G.D., and Wise, D.E. 2003. Stream
Restoration A Natural Channel Design Handbook.
Harrelson, Cheryl C; Rawlins, C.L.; Potyondy, John P. 1994. Stream Channel Reference Sites: An Illustrated
Guide to Field Technique. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-245. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 61 p.
Lee, Michael T., Peet, Robert K., Steven D., Wentworth, Thomas R. 2006. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording
Vegetation Version 4.0. Retrieved from http:Hdeq.nc.gov/document/cvs-eep-protocol-v42-lev1-2.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2009. New River Basin Restoration
Priorities. Retrieved from http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/mitigation-services/dms-
planning/watershed-planning-documents/new-river-basin.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2007. Little River & Brush Creek
Local Watershed Plan (LWP) Project Atlas. Retrieved from
http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/mitigation-services/dms-planning/watershed-planning-
documents/new-river-basin.
North Carolina Division of Mitigation Services and Interagency Review Team Technical Workgroup. 2018.
Standard Measurement of the BHR Monitoring Parameter. Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Climate Retrieval and Observations Network of the Southeast Database (NCCRONOS).
2019. State Climate Office of North Carolina. Version 2.7.2. Station ID NC-AG-1-Sparta 3.5 SSW.
Accessed October and November 2019.
Rosgen, D. L. 1994. A classification of natural rivers. Catena 22:169-199.
Rosgen, D.L. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Pagosa Springs, CO: Wildland Hydrology Books.
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2016. Stream Mitigation Guidelines. USACE, NCDENR-
DWQ, USEPA, NCWRC.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2019. WETS Station: SPARA 3.5 SSW, NC. NRCS. 1971-
2019. https://www.wcc.nres.usda.gov/climate/navigate wets.html
United States Geological Survey (USGS). 1998. North Carolina Geology.
https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/energy-mineral-land-resources/north-carolina-geological-
su rvey/.
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. 2016. Vile Creek Mitigation Site Final Mitigation Plan. NCDMS, Raleigh, NC.
WVile Creek Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 3 Annual Report — Final 3-1
APPENDIX 1. General Figures and Tables
•.
06
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The subject project site is an environmental restoration site of
the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) and is encompassed
by a recorded conservation easement, but is bordered
by land under private ownership. Accessing the site
may require traversing areas near or along the easement
boundary and therefore access by the general public is not
permitted. Access by authorized personnel of state and
federal agencies or their designees/contractors involved in
the development, oversight,and stewardship of the restoration
site is permitted within the terms and timeframes of their
defined roles. Any intended site visitation or activity by
any person outside of these previously sanctioned roles
and activites requires prior coordination with DMS.
ix.
Directions to Site:
To reach the site from Raleigh, NC, take 1-40 West toward
US70/Greensboro/Winston-Salem. Keep right at the fork to
continue on 1-40 Business West/US-421 North. Take exit 6B for
US-52 North/US-311 North/NC-8 North toward Mount Airy/Smith
Reynolds/Airport. Merge onto US-311 North/US-52 North and
continue to follow US-52 North. Continue on 1-74 West. Take exit 6
for NC-89 toward Mount Airy. At the end of the exit ramp, turn left
-4 onto NC-89 West. Travel 13.7 miles, turn left onto NC-18 South.
Travel 14.4 miles, cross over Vile Creek. Napco Road will be on
the right. Take the next left onto a gravel farm road to access the Site.
0
Figure 1 Project Vicinity Map
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
VV T L F
N D S 1 q I ' I ' i Mile DMS Project No. 96582
" Monitoring Year 3 - 2019
Alleghony County, NC
Figure 2 Project Component Map
w t
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
WT L D L A N D g 1 0 300 600 Feet DMS Project No. 96582
L NL IN L L I:I �L�
Monitoring Year 3 - 2019
Alleghony County, NC
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Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 96582
Monitoring Year 3 - 2019
Activity or Report
Mitigation Plan
Data Collection Complete
N/A
Completion or Scheduled Delivery
June 2016
Final Design - Construction Plans
N/A
June 2016
Construction
N/A
February 2017
Temporary S&E mix applied to entire project areal
N/A
February 2017
Permanent seed mix applied to reach/segments'
N/A
February 2017
Bare root and live stake plantings for
reach/segments
N/A
February 2017
Baseline Monitoring Document (Year 0)
Stream Survey
March 2017
April 2017
Vegetation Survey
April 2017
Year 1 Monitoring
Stream Survey
September 2017
December 2017
Vegetation Survey
September 2017
Year 2 Monitoring
Stream Survey
April 2018
November 2018
Vegetation Survey
September 2018
Year 3 Monitoring
Stream Survey
April 2019
December 2019
Shrub Planting
June 2019
Invasive Treatment
June 2019
Vegetation Survey
September 2019
Year 4 Monitoring
Stream Survey
2020
December 2020
Vegetation Survey
2020
December 2020
Year 5 Monitoring
Stream Survey
2021
December 2021
Vegetation Survey
2021
December 2021
Year 6 Monitoring
Stream Survey
2022
December 2022
Vegetation Survey
2022
December 2022
Year 7 Monitoring
Stream Survey
2023
December 2023
Vegetation Survey
2023
December 2023
'Seed and mulch was added as each section of construction was completed.
Table 3. Project Contact Table
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
DMS Project No.96582
Monitoring Year 3 - 2019
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
Designer
1430 South Mint Street, Ste 104
Jeff Keaton, PE
Charlotte, NC 28205
704.332.7754
Land Mechanics Design, Inc.
Construction Contractor
126 Circle G Lane
Willow Spring, NC 27592
Bruton Natural Systems, Inc
Planting Contractor
P.O. Box 1197
Fremont, NC 27830
Land Mechanics Design, Inc.
Seeding Contractor
126 Circle G Lane
Willow Spring, NC 27592
Seed Mix Sources
Green Resource, LLC
Nursery Stock Suppliers
Bare Roots
Dykes and Son Nursery
Live Stakes
Bruton Natural Systems, Inc.; Foggy Mountain Nursery, LLC
Plugs
Wetland Plants Inc.
Monitoring Performers
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
Kristi Suggs
Monitoring, POC
704.332.7754, ext. 110
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WILDLANDS
E N Q I N E E R I N G
MEETING SUMMARY
Vile Creek Mitigation Site IRT Meeting
Meeting Date: July 18, 2017
Meeting Attendees
Todd Tugwell/USACE
Andrea Hu hes/USACE
Kim Browning/USACE
Mac Haupt/NCDWR
Marella Buncick/USFWS
Sue Cameron/USFWS
Gabrielle Graeter/NCWRC
Paul Wisener/NCDMS
Harry Tsomides/NCDMS
Shawn Wilkerson/Wildlands
Jeff Keaton/Wildlands
On July 18, representatives from Wildlands Engineering met with several members of the Inter -Agency Review
Team and NC Division of Mitigation Services on site to observe and discuss the construction and performance of
the bog habitat built on site. The key topics of the discussion are described below.
Break up flow paths in bog area
The middle bog area on the left floodplain along Vile Creek Reach 1 has some concentrated flow
paths that seem to consistently convey water through the bog. These are a risk for headcutting.
The flow will be dispersed by placing three coir logs across the concentrated flow paths. They
will be staked in place. The coir logs are only intended to be a temporary measure to prevent
erosion until the vegetation becomes fully established. The approximate location for the coir
logs is shown on the attached map.
Lowering of bog area berm
The most downstream bog area has approximately 6 to 10 inches of water backed up behind the
berm (see attached map). This particular berm was constructed slightly too high. Wildlands has
agreed to lower the spillway elevation on this berm by about six inches to reduce the depth of
water ponded behind the berm. This will be done with manual labor in order to minimize the
impacts on the surrounding wetlands and vegetation.
3. Transplant Gray's Lily
Because one or two specimens of Gray's Lily identified on site were graded over during
construction, Wildlands located a source for the flowers to transplant on the site. During the
site visit, a Gray's Lily was found adjacent to a bog area on the left floodplain of Vile Creek Reach
2. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service representatives asked Wildlands to install the transplants in the
same area as the existing plant. On Thursday, July 20 Wildlands planted three Gray's Lily bulbs
in this location (see attached map).
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. • phone 704-332-7754 • fax 704-332-3306 • 1430 S. Mint Street, # 104 • Charlotte, NC 28203
4. Remove trees from shrub planting zones and replant with shrubs
In a couple of areas along Vile Creek, at least some trees were planted in shrub zones. This is a
problem because the shrub zones were planned to minimize shade on the bog areas. Trees will
create undesirable shade on the bogs. Wildlands will remove the trees from these areas and
replant with shrubs. The primary areas where trees are planted in shrub zones are shown on
the attached map. Action Item: Please review the attached map and coordinate with Jeff
Keaton if there are other areas where trees are planted in a shrub zone. Please also review
the approved planting plan map submitted with the final mitigation plan (also included) to
make sure the any additional areas are within planned shrub zones.
Improve floodplain outlet
At the upstream end of Vile Creek Reach 2, there is a floodplain outlet that is not functioning
properly (see attached map). Most of the water draining out of a nearby bog area is not
entering the channel through the constructed outlet but is draining over a brush toe where the
brush overlaps with the riffle. After some discussion, it seems like the best solution is to
relocate the outlet to the location where the water wants to flow. Wildlands will relocate the
outlet.
6. Meander bend erosion
At the downstream end of Vile Creek Reach 2 there is some erosion beginning on the outside of
a meander bend. The group agreed that this area does not need remedial action at this point
but Wildlands agreed to continue to watch this area going forward. If remedial action becomes
necessary, Wildlands will stabilize the bank and correct the problem.
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Stream Photographs
Monitoring Year 3
r�
Photo Point 1— view upstream Vile Creek R1(911712019) 1 Photo Point 1— view downstream Vile Creek R1 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 2 —view upstream Vile Creek R1(911712019) 1 Photo Point 2 — view downstream Vile Creek R1 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 3—view upstream Vile Creek R1(911712019) 1 Photo Point 3—view downstream Vile Creek R1 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 7—view upstream Vile Creek R1 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 7 —view downstream Vile Creek R1 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 8 —view upstream Vile Creek R1 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 8 — view downstream Vile Creek R1 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 9 —view upstream Vile Creek R1 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 9 — view downstream Vile Creek R1 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 10 — view upstream Vile Creek R2 (1011412019) 1 Photo Point 10 —view downstream Vile Creek R2 (1011412019) 1
Photo Point 11— view upstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 11— view downstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 12 — view upstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 12 — view downstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 16 — view upstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 16 — view downstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 17 — view upstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 17 — view downstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 18 —view upstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 18 — view downstream Vile Creek R2 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 19 — view upstream Vile Creek R3 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 19 — view downstream Vile Creek R3 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 20 — view upstream Vile Creek R3 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 20 — view downstream Vile Creek R3 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 21— view upstream Vile Creek R3 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 21— view downstream Vile Creek R3 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 22 — view upstream Vile Creek R3 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 22 — view downstream Vile Creek R3 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 23 —view upstream Little River (911712019) I Photo Point 23 — view downstream Little River (911712019)
gr =� � "Y"O' r" a ,,, are_,, "W.L a x�,� . � �a s�i4n�.xs � � �sa�o, x-mm,ymw ",=
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Photo Point 24—view upstream UT1 R1(911712019) Photo Point 24—view downstream UT1 R1(911712019)
Photo Point 25 —view upstream UT1 R1 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 25 —view downstream UT1 R1 (911712019) 1
Photo Point 26 — view upstream UT1 R1 (9/17/2019) 1 Photo Point 26 —view downstream UT1 R1 (9/17/2019) 1
Photo Point 27 — view upstream UT1 R1 (9/17/2019) 1 Photo Point 27 — view downstream UT1 R1 (9/17/2019) 1
Photo Point 29—view upstream UT1 R2 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 29—view downstream UT1 R2 (911712019) 1
a xJ,
Photo Point 30—view upstream UT1 R2 (911712019) 1 Photo Point 30—view downstream UT1 R2 (911712019) 1
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Photo Point 36—stormwater wetland (911712019) 1
Vegetation Photographs
Monitoring Year 3
Vegetation Plot 1 - (911612019) 1 Vegetation Plot 2 - (911612019) 1
Vegetation Plot 3 - (911612019) 1 Vegetation Plot 4 - (911612019) 1
Vegetation Plot 5 - (911612019) 1 Vegetation Plot 6 - (911612019) 1
Vegetation Plot 13 - (911712019) 1 Vegetation Plot 14 - (911612019) 1
Vegetation Plot 15 - (911612019) 1 Vegetation Plot 16 — (911612019) 1
Vegetation Plot 17 - (911612019)
Bog Vegetation Photographs
Monitoring Year 3
Bog Vegetation Plot 1 - (911712019) 1 Bog Vegetation Plot 2 - (911712019) 1
Bog Vegetation Plot 3 - (911712019) 1 Bog Vegetation Plot 4 - (911712019) 1
Bog Vegetation Plot 5 - (911712019) 1 Bog Vegetation Plot 6 - (911712019) 1
APPENDIX 3. Vegetation Plot Data
Table 7. Vegetation Plot Criteria Attainment
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 96582
Monitoring Year 3 - 2019
Plot
MY3 Success Criteria Met
(Y/N)
Tract Mean
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Table 9b. Planted Herbaceous Cover (Bog Cells)
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 96582
Monitoring Year 3 - 2019
Plot ID
Base
MY1
Percent
MY2
Cover
MY3
%
MY4
MY5
MY6
MY7
1
<5
30
65
100
2
10
75
100
100
3
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4
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100
5
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6
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7
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100
100
8
50
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100
100
APPENDIX 4. Morphological Summary Data and Plots
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APPENDIX 5. Hydrology Summary Data and Plots
Table 13a. Verification of Bankfull Events
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 96582
Monitoring Year 3- 2019
Reach
Vile Reach 2
MonitoringYear
MY1
Date of Occurrence
3/31/2017
Stream Gage
4/24/2017
10/8/2017
MY2
9/16/2018
10/11/2018
UT1 Reach 2
MY1
5/5/2017
10/8/2017
MY2
10/11/2018
MY3
6/17/2019
8/1/2019
9/30/2019
Table 13b. Verification of Geomorphically Significant Events
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
DIMS Project No. 96582
Monitoring Year 3- 2019
Reach MonitoringYeX Date of Occurrence
2/23/2019
4/14/2019
4/19/2019
Vile Reach 2 MY3 6/17/2019
7/5/2019
8/1/2019
9/30/2019
Stream Gage
2/23/2019
4/14/2019
4/19/2019
UT1 Reach 2 MY3 6/17/2019
7/30/2019
8/1/2019
9/30/2019
Table 14. Wetland Gage Attainment Summary
Vile Creek Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 96582
Monitoring Year 3 - 2019
Gage
Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season (Percentage)
Year 1(2017)
Year 2 (2018)
Year 3 (2019)
Year 4 (2020)
Year 5 (2021)
Year 6 (2022)
Year 7 (2023)
1*
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
(100%)
(100%)
(100%)
2
Yes/ 129 Days
Yes/33 Days
Yes/15 Days
(77%)
(20%)
(9%)
3
Yes/169 Days
Yes/73 Days
Yes/14 Days
(100%)
(43%)
(8.5%)
4
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
(100%)
(100%)
(100%)
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
5
(100%)
(100%)
(100%)
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
6
(100%)
(100%)
(100%)
Yes/ 129 Days
Yes/33 Days
Yes/24 Days
7
(77%)
(20%)
(14%)
8
Yes/125 Days
Yes/14 Days
No/4 Days
(74%)
(8%)
(2%)
9
Yes/40 Days
Yes/33 Days
Yes/106 Days
(24%)
(20%)
(63%)
10*
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
Yes/169 Days
(100%)
(100%)
(100%)
*Gages are located in bog habitat.
Growing season is April 26th -October 11th.
Success criteria for wetlands is 14 consecutive days (8.5%) and 20 consecutive days (12%) for bogs.
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