20180779 Ver 1_PCN_Avadim_2018-09-04_REV_20180918

Strickland, Bev
From:
Alan Moore <[e-mail]>
Sent:
Tuesday, September 04, 2018 10:41 AM
To:
Fuemmeler, Amanda J CIV (US)
Cc:
Price, Zan (George); Leslie, Andrea J; Hamstead, Byron; Clay Mooney
(Clay@desig nassociates-la.com)
Subject:
[External] Avadim PCN Revisions
Attachments:
PCN_Avadim_2018-09-04_REV.pdf
rt Spam.
Amanda,
Please find revisions to the Avadim PCN attached. These revisions are mostly housed in the Attachment A narrative
section and reflect our response to comments and requests for additional information from you and DWR.
What's new?
• Attachment B1. 11x17 Design Drawing map for the Avadim Facility.
• Attachment B10. Black Mountain Research and Technology Park Conceptual Design Map. This is a Concept map
and should not be assumed to reflect any eminent impacts to aquatic features outside of what is proposed for
the Avadim Project.
• Attachment A Narrative Section 1.1 Site Selection within the BMCRT park
• Attachment A Narrative Section 1.2.1 Potential for Future Impacts within the larger BMCRT. Also included is the
contact information for the BMCRT owner.
• Attachment A Narrative Section 1.3.1 Temporary Impact Remediation Plan
• Attachment A Narrative Section 1.5 Stormwater. Additional info related to stormwater temperature controls.
Although we've provided the BMCRT owner's contact info in the narrative, it is also provided below.
BMCRT Owner
Jerry Bobilya
PO Box 418
Black Mountain, NC 28711
828-230-4981
Please feel free to contact me with any questions or concerns.
Regards,
Alan Moore, PWS
Project Scientist/Ecologist
Nutter & Associates, Inc.
North Carolina Office
304 New Leicester Highway
Asheville, NC 28806
Office: 828-539-3008 ext: 2
1

Direct: 828-275-9605
Corporate Headquarters
360 Hawthorne Lane
Athens, GA 30606
Direct: 706-354-7925
Nutter & Associates
a a v ifanmaataI aeas, altart Ia
http://www.nutterinc.com/

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Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.4 January 2009
Page 1 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009
Pre -Construction Notification (PCN) Form
A.
Applicant Information
1.
Processing
1 a.
Type(s) of approval sought from the Corps:
❑X Section 404 Permit ❑ Section 10 Permit
1 b.
Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: 39 or General Permit (GP) number:
1c.
Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps?
❑ Yes ❑X No
1 d.
Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
❑X 401 Water Quality Certification — Regular ❑ Non -404 Jurisdictional General Permit
❑ 401 Water Quality Certification — Express ❑ Riparian Buffer Authorization
1 e.
Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required?
For the record only for DWQ
401 Certification:
❑ Yes ❑X No
For the record only for Corps Permit:
❑ Yes NX No
1f.
Is payment into a mitigation bank or in -lieu fee program proposed for
mitigation of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank
or in -lieu fee program.
❑X Yes ❑ No
1 g.
Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below.
❑ Yes NX No
1 h.
Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)?
❑ Yes ❑X No
2.
Project Information
2a.
Name of project:
Avadim Project
2b.
County:
Buncombe
2c.
Nearest municipality / town:
Black Mountain, NC
2d.
Subdivision name:
2e.
NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state project no:
3.
Owner Information
3a.
Name(s) on Recorded Deed:
Binome Property Corp.
3b.
Deed Book and Page No.
Platbook 174, page 146
3c.
Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable):
Steve Woody, CEO
3d.
Street address:
81 Thompson St.
3e.
City, state, zip:
Asheville, NC, 28803
3f.
Telephone no.:
[phone]
3g.
Fax no.:
(828)-274-7986
3h.
Email address:
[e-mail]
Page 1 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

4.
Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a.
Applicant is:
❑X Agent ❑ Other, specify:
4b.
Name:
Clay Mooney
4c.
Business name
(if applicable):
Design Associates
4d.
Street address:
1293 Hendersonville Rd, Suite 21
4e.
City, state, zip:
Asheville, NC 28803
4f.
Telephone no.:
828-277-7410
4g.
Fax no.:
828-277-7413
4h.
Email address:
[e-mail]
5.
Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a.
Name:
Alan Moore
5b.
Business name
(if applicable):
Nutter & Associates, Inc.
5c.
Street address:
304 New Leicester Highway, Suite B
5d.
City, state, zip:
Asheville, NC 28806
5e.
Telephone no.:
828-275-9605
5f.
Fax no.:
706-354-7928
5g.
Email address:
[e-mail]
Page 2 of 10

B.
Project Information and Prior Project History
1.
Property Identification
1a.
Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID):
0609-51-5260
1 b.
Site coordinates (in decimal degrees):
Latitude: 35.6043 Longitude: -$23454
1 c.
Property size:
7.16 acres
2.
Surface Waters
2a.
Name of nearest body of water to proposed project:
Swannanoa River
2b.
Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water:
Class C
2c.
River basin:
French Broad
3.
Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
The majority of the project site consist of herbaceous cultivated land cover, and has most recently been in cropland and pasture use. Immediately
adjacent to the west and south of the project site is broad -leafed deciduous forest land with unknown use. Immediately east of the project site is
mixed -deciduous -coniferous forest land in residential use. North of the project site is heavily developed land in transportation and commercial complex
3b.
List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
3c.
List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property: 0
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
The purpose of the Avadim project is to construct new corporate headquarters that will include office space, research and development, manufacturing
D
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
A detailed description of the project details is given in Attachment A
4.
Jurisdictional Determinations
4a.
Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property /
project(including all prior phases in the past?
0 Yes ❑ No ❑ Unknown
Comments: SAW -2016-02369 William Elliott with Corps
4b.
If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
of determination was made?
❑ Preliminary ❑X Final
4c.
If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas?
Name (if known): Alan Moore
Agency/Consultant Company: Nutter & Associates
Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
Approved Jurisdictional Determination on December 22, 2016. SAW -2016-02369. See Attachment F
5.
Project History
5a.
Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
0 Yes ❑ No ❑ Unknown
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
Stormwater Management Plan is in review by Buncombe County. See Attachment B Exhibit B1 Design drawings for stormwater details.
6.
Future Project Plans
6a.
Is this a phased project?
❑ Yes 0 No
6b.
If yes, explain.
Page 3 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1 a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
❑X Wetlands ❑ Streams — tributaries ❑ Buffers ❑ Open Waters ❑ Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a.
Wetland impact
number
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
2b.
Type of impact
2c.
Type of wetland
2d.
Forested
2e.
Type of jurisdiction
Corps (404,10) or
DWQ (401, other)
2f.
Area of
impact
(acres)
W1 P
Fill
Seep
Yes
Corps
0.217
W2 T
Sediment Fencing/two footE
Seep
Yes
Corps
0.049
W3
Choose one
Choose one
Yes/No
W4 -
Choose one
Choose one
Yes/No
W5 -
Choose one
Choose one
Yes/No
W6 -
Choose one
Choose one
Yes/No
2g. Total Wetland Impacts:
0.266
2h. Comments:
See Attachment B Exhibits 131 and B6 for design drawings and map figures illustrating areas of wetland impact. Temporary impacts can be reduced.
Temporary impacts in temporary work zone will be limited to two footed impacts and sediment fencing. No mechanized equipment will be in the
temporary work zone (See Exhibit B6)
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a.
Stream impact
number
Permanent (P) or
Temporary (T)
3b.
Type of impact
3c.
Stream name
3d.
Perennial (PER) or
intermittent (INT)?
3e.
Type of
jurisdiction
3f.
Average
stream
width
(feet)
3g.
Impact
length
(linear
feet)
S1 -
Choose one
-
S2 -
Choose one
-
S3 -
Choose one
-
S4 -
Choose one
-
S5 -
Choose one
-
S6 -
Choose one
-
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts
3i. Comments:
Page 4 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then indivi ually list all open water impacts below.
4a.
Open water
impact number
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
4b.
Name of waterbody
(if applicable)
4c.
Type of impact
4d.
Waterbody
type
4e.
Area of impact (acres)
01
Choose one
Choose
02 -
Choose one
Choose
03 -
Choose one
Choose
04
Choose one
Choose
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If pond or lake construction proposed, the complete the chart below.
5a.
Pond ID number
5b.
Proposed use or
purpose of pond
5c.
Wetland Impacts (acres)
5d.
Stream Impacts (feet)
5e.
Upland
(acres)
Flooded
Filled
Excavated
Flooded
Filled
Excavated
P1
Choose one
P2
Choose one
5f. Total:
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
❑ Yes ❑X No If yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If any impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a. Project is in which protected basin?
❑ Neuse ❑ Tar -Pamlico ❑ Catawba ❑ Randleman ❑ Other:
6b.
Buffer Impact
number —
Permanent (P) or
Temporary (T)
6c.
Reason for impact
6d.
Stream name
6e.
Buffer
mitigation
required?
6f.
Zone 1
impact
(square
feet)
6g.
Zone 2
impact
(square
feet)
B1
Yes/No
B2 -
Yes/No
B3 -
Yes/No
B4 -
Yes/No
B5 -
Yes/No
B6 -
Yes/No
6h. Total Buffer Impacts:
6i. Comments:
Page 5 of 10

D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1 a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
Several design strategies were implemented to minimized wetland impacts and limit them to the currently proposed 0.217 acres of permanent impacts.
These include retaining walls to limit wetland impacts, siting at the entrance to the Black Mountain Center for Research and Technology (BMCRT) to
avoid utilities or other construction routing through the largest portion of wetlands on the BMCRT, and reducing the amount of parking spaces needed
to the absolute minimum of 235 spaces. Please see Attachment A for a more detailed discussion of design avoidance and minimization efforts.
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
Where northern retaining wall is built over wetlands, construction will occur on the up -gradient (south) side of the wall to avoid temporary wetland
impacts. Northern retaining wall will be constructed first, so that construction stormwater can be routed to sediment basins to the east and west of
project site. A sediment and erosion control plan will be submitted to Buncombe County prior to construction.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State?
❑X Yes ❑ No
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply):
❑ DWQ ❑X Corps
2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project?
❑ Mitigation bank
❑X Payment to in -lieu fee program
❑ Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank:
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter)
Type: Choose one
Type: Choose one
Type: Choose one
Quantity:
Quantity:
Quantity:
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In -lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in -lieu fee program is attached.
❑X Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested:
linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature:
Choose one
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only):
square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4f. Non -riparian wetland mitigation requested:
0.27 acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4h. Comments: up to 0.27 acres non -riparian wetlands were requested but permanent impacts are only 0.217 acres. See Attachment D
5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
Page 6 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) — required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires
❑ Yes ❑X No
buffer mitigation?
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.
6c.
6d.
6e.
Zone
Reason for impact
Total impact
Multiplier
Required mitigation
(square feet)
(square feet)
Zone 1
3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2
1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in -lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 7 of 10

E.
Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1.
Diffuse Flow Plan
1 a.
Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified
❑ Yes X❑ No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1 b.
If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
The project is not included in NC Buffer Rules but level spreaders are proposed to be utilized during
Yes No
construction
and in the final stormwater infrastructure. See Attachment B Exhibit B3 for Level Spreader
❑ ❑X
Detail.
2.
Stormwater Management Plan
2a.
What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project?
100%
2b.
Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan?
❑X Yes ❑ No
2c.
If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why:
2d.
If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative
description of the plan:
The stormwater plan is currently under review by Buncombe County. The final design calls for three STORMTEC
underground stormwater control
basins
that will mimic the pre-development runoff regime of the site (See Attachment B Design Drawings).
Two stormwater drainage outlets will drain
stormwaters away from the site and will be outfitted with level spreaders to reduce the potential for erosion
downgradient of these outlets. Outlets
discharge to upland areas downgradient of the facilities.
2e.
Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan?
Buncombe County Stormwater Managemet
3.
Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a.
In which localgovernment's jurisdiction is thisproject?
Buncombe County
❑X Phase II
❑ NSW
3b.
Which of the following locally-implemented stormwater management programs
❑ USMP
apply (check all that apply):
❑ Water Supply Watershed
❑ Other:
3c.
Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
❑ Yes ❑X No
attached?
4.
DWQ Stormwater Program Review
❑Coastal counties
❑ HQW
4a.
Which of the following state-implemented stormwater management programs apply
❑ORW
(check all that apply):
❑X Session Law 2006-246
❑ Other:
4b.
Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
❑ Yes ❑X No
attached?
5.
DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a.
Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements?
❑X Yes ❑ No
5b.
Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met?
❑X Yes ❑ No
Page 8 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

F.
Supplementary Information
1.
Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1 a.
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the
❑ Yes ❑X No
use of public (federal/state) land?
1 b.
If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State
❑ Yes ❑ No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1 c.
If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
❑ Yes ❑ No
letter.)
Comments:
2.
Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a.
Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards,
❑Yes ❑X No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200)?
2b.
Is this an after -the -fact permit application?
❑Yes ❑X No
2c.
If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s):
3.
Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a.
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in
❑Yes ❑X No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b.
If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
The Avadim Facility is the only eminent project proposed within the larger Black Mountain Center for Research and Technology (BMCRT) industrial
park. Future additional tenants to the BMCRT are anticipated but not guaranteed, nor eminent. The BMCRT is zoned for industrial uses and therefore
additional
development is likely to occur due to other projects not associated with the Avadim Facility.
4.
Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a.
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non -discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
The Metropolitan Sewerage District will provide sewerage service for the Avadim Facility
Page 9 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or
❑ Yes ❑X No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act
0 Yes ❑ No
impacts?
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted.
Asheville Field Office
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
Direct communication with Byron Hamstead USFWS Asheville Field Office and use of USFWS web services. https://www.fws.gov/asheviIle/. See
Attachment E for USFWS correspondence.
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat?
❑ Yes 0 No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
Direct communication with Byron Hamstead USFWS Asheville Field Office . See Attachment E
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation
❑ Yes 0 No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
See Attachment A for further explanation of recent archaeology surveys. See Attachment G for Archaeology Survey Reports. One property within a 1
mile of the project site is on the National Registry of Historic Places. "In the Oaks" includes several structures. No impacts to this facility would occur.
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA -designated 100 -year floodplain?
❑ Yes ❑X No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements:
See Exhibit B9 FEMA Floodplain Map
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination?
FEMA mapping website. https://www.fema.gov/flood-mapping-products
J. Alan Moore
06-06-2018
Applicant/Agent's Printed Name
Date
Applicant/Agent's Signature
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization
letter from the applicant is provided.
Page 10 of 10

Attachment A
Project Description B -3e
Avoidance and Minimization Narrative D -1a
Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources F -7b

000%0000���
Nutter &Associates
environmental Consultants
360 Hawthorne Lane
Athens, GA 30606-2152
P [phone]
F [phone]
www.Nutterinc.com
The following narratives provide additional details required in the PCN for section B -3e "Overall
Project Detail", section D -1a "Avoidance and Minimization", and section F7b "Historic and
Prehistoric Cultural Resources".
1.0 B -3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including type of equipment used.
The Avadim Facility is proposed to house Avadim Technologies' corporate headquarters,
research and development center, manufacturing center, and distribution center for Avadim
products. The facility is proposed to be constructed on a parcel of land currently owned by
Bionome Property Corp. within the Black Mountain Center for Research and Technology
(BMCRT) Industrial Park. The Avadim Facility will be the first facility within the BMCRT and will
be on a separate utility from any future facilities in the BMCRT. This is the only eminent project
within the BMCRT. Avadim Technologies has committed to the Economic Development
Administration (EDA) and the Golden LEAF Foundation to hire 551 employees. Design drawings
and map exhibits detailing construction activities are provided in Attachment B.
1,1 Site Selection Within the Black Mountain Center for Research and
Technology Park (BMCRT)
The specific location within the BMCRT that the Avadim project is proposed to be constructed
was chosen for several reasons. This portion of BMCRT contains the flattest topography within
the entire property except for those areas north of I-40 that lie within the Swannanoa River
flood hazard zone. Building in the floodplain would have been unacceptable. The flat
topography of the proposed Avadim project significantly reduces the amount of overall earth
moving and grading that Avadim would have to conduct if the facility was constructed on
steeper portions of the site. The current grading plan incorporates a balanced cut and fill design
whereby no fill dirt would be necessary to export or import to the construction site. From a
construction stormwater management perspective, the flatter topography may also help to
prevent construction stormwater failures.
Additionally, the cost to BMCRT owners to supply utilities to the park including water, sewer,
and electricity necessitates that the first tenant be positioned in close proximity to the park
entrance. Once revenues are realized from the first tenant, BMCRT owners would then be able
to extend utilities to the rest of the park and further away from the entrance.
Avadim is a local Buncombe County company with a national branding footprint. In the early
stages of their expansion planning, establishing a new production facility in South Carolina was
strongly considered due to the high cost of land in the Asheville region. Significant effort was
made by state and local officials, including then Governor McCrory, to help facilitate Avadim
remaining in Buncombe County. Because of all the effort that went into getting Avadim to stay
in Buncombe County, it was important for Avadim to have a location in the BMCRT that was at
the entrance to the park for high visibility and ease of access. Given all of these factors

including land grading considerations, utility costs and placement, visibility, and access, Avadim
determined that the current location was the best location to build within the BMCRT.
1,2 General Project Description and Permanent Impacts
The project is constrained by a proposed NCDOT road adjacent and south of the facility, and a
large wetland system situated between the proposed facility and the Interstate 40 (I-40)
corridor. When the wetland is inundated beyond its hydrologic retention capacity, the wetland
system drains underneath I-40 to the Swannanoa River. A total of 0.217 acres of wetlands will
be impacted by the project. Avoidance and minimization of wetland impacts are detailed below
under Section D -4a.
Construction of the project will be conducted using standard commercial construction
equipment including cranes and large grading, excavation, and paving equipment. A sediment
and erosion control plan (SECP) will be submitted to Buncombe County Erosion Control
Department (BCECD) and regular inspections are anticipated per BCECD requirements.
Grading and excavation will be conducted by balancing cut and fill. Therefore, no fill is
anticipated to be imported to the project site. Some organic materials in the top of the
excavated soil layer will be exported from the site to a permitted facility. The retaining walls on
the north end of the project site will be built first so that any construction stormwater can be
routed to temporary sediment and stormwater basins on the eastern and western sides of the
northern retaining wall. The northern retaining wall will be constructed on the upgradient side
of any wetlands that the wall intersects, limiting temporary impacts to downgradient wetland
areas. After construction and fill behind the northern retaining wall, all other proposed facilities
including the building, parking lots, truck bays, and other retaining walls will be constructed.
1,2,1 Potential for Future Impacts within the larger BMCRT
At the request of the Corps, the contact information for the owner of the BMCRT is provided
below. The owner of the BMCRT along with engineers working on the development have been
made aware that any future impacts to aquatic resources in other areas of the BMCRT park
would be cumulative with those currently proposed for the Avadim Project. To the best of our
knowledge, the only other aquatic features on the BMCRT is a first -order perennial unnamed
tributary to the Swannanoa River located west of the Avadim Project and Wolfpit Branch, a
second order tributary to the Swannanoa River that flows through a small portion of the BMCRT
property to the southeast. Based on early conceptual drawings of the BMCRT, designers have
proposed several bridge or culvert crossings over both tributaries within the BMCRT (Exhibit
B10). However, these plans are conceptual at this time. The owner and engineers have been
made aware that any cumulative impacts that exceed the nationwide permit limits would trigger
an individual permit.
BMCRT Owner: Jerry Bobilya
PO Box 418
Black Mountain, NC 28711
(828)-230-4981

1,3 Temporary Impacts
The sediment and erosion control plan has not been completed to date, but will be submitted to
the Buncombe County Erosion Control Department upon completion. Some temporary impacts
are anticipated associated with erosion and sediment control fencing and coir logs. A temporary
work zone buffer will be established 10 feet north of the property boundary in the wetlands
(See Exhibit B6). Sediment fencing, and coir logs will be installed at the 10 -foot line. Exhibit B6
shows the location where sediment fencing will be installed in wetlands but does not illustrate
the full extent of sediment fencing for the entire project. No mechanized equipment will be
allowed in the 10 ft work zone buffer and temporary impacts will be limited to two -footed
impacts. The total anticipated temporary wetland impacts are 0.049 acres. Any clearing that is
necessary will be conducted by hand. If mechanized access through wetlands on the
downgradient side of the northern retaining wall becomes necessary during construction,
wetland construction mats will be used to move equipment through wetland areas. The Corps
will be notified if situations arise that may necessitate working in wetlands prior to commencing
such work.
1,3,1 Temporary Impact Remediation Plan
After completion of the project, all sediment and erosion control fencing will be removed
according to Buncombe County Erosion Control specifications. Any accumulated sediments will
also be removed and buried in an upland stockpile area on-site. The stockpile area will be
graded and seeded with a native erosion control grass and forb mix such as ERNST native steep
slope mix (ERNMX-181) or an equivalent native seed mix. Any exposed non -wetland areas will
also be seeded with a native erosion control mix. The temporary work areas within wetland
areas will be seeded with a native wetland seed mix such as ERNST NC mountains FACW mix
(ERNMX-305) or equivalent.
1,4 Permanent Impacts and Mitigation
The total amount of permanent impacts will be 0.217 acres. The NC Wetland Assessment
Method was conducted on the property on July 6, 2018. The wetland received an overall
wetland rating of High (See WAM form and results below). The Corps has approved a mitigation
ratio of 2:1. Mitigation credits will be purchased from NC Division of Mitigation Service (DMS).
As DMS sells credits at a minimum allotment of 0.25 acres, a total 0.5 riverine mitigation credits
will be purchased.
1,5 Stormwater
The stormwater plan is under review by Buncombe County and stormwater design details are
provided in the Attachment B design drawings. The final design calls for three STORMTEC
underground stormwater control basins that will mimic the pre -development runoff regime of
the site (See Exhibit B1). Two stormwater drainage outlets will drain to upland areas and will be
outfitted with level spreaders to reduce the potential for erosion downgradient of the outlets
(See Exhibit B3 for Level Spreader Detail). The upland area level spreader outlets will return
stormwater to the wetland area north of the property.

The STORMTEC systems are designed to store stormwater below the surface of the ground for
several days. Stormwater leaves the STORMTEC cells in two ways. The bottomless STORMTEC
storage cells allow for a portion of the stored stormwater to infiltrate into the ground while also
being released slowly to the level spreaders. The storage of stormwater below ground will help
to moderate water temperatures before release to the level spreaders. In addition to this, trees
will be planted downgradient of the stormwater outlets to increase shading of released
stormwater. There is also a certain amount of hydrologic retention in the wetland area
downgradient of the proposed facility that should provide additional stormwater temperature
reductions before entering the Swannanoa River.
2.0 D-1 a, Avoidance and Minimization of impacts in designing project
Several design strategies were implemented to minimized wetland impacts and limit them to the
currently proposed 0.217 acres of impact. The total project area is constrained by the road that
the NCDOT is currently constructing into the BMCRT. The location of the proposed road is
constrained by mountainous terrain and specifically, steep slopes. The siting of the Avadim
Facility at the entrance to the BMCRT serves several purposes. It serves to prevent proposed
utilities and roads from being routed through wetlands on the north end of the site and
prevents other facilities from being built where there are substantial wetlands on the northern
portion of the BMCRT. To minimize wetland impacts, several retaining walls ranging from 4 to
10 ft in height have been proposed on the north and south side of the property. The design of
retaining walls for the project reduced the land needed for the project by 50' along the northern
boundary of the project and reduced potential impacts to wetlands north of the project area by
0.30 acres. As stated in the project details, Avadim plans to ultimately hire 551 employees to
work in the Avadim Facility. Currently the design contains 235 parking spaces, which is the
absolute minimum number of parking spaces that would be required given the number of
people projected to be employed per existing Buncombe County zoning regulations. The
potential need for additional production capacity and additional employees could strain the
proposed parking facilities, however, the addition of a second shift would be an option to
alleviate those issues, particularly the need for more parking. The goal to minimize the number
of parking spaces was an important component in the overall effort to substantially reduce and
minimize potential impacts to wetlands.
3, 0 F7b, Historic or Prehistoric Cu/tura/ Resources
A Phase I archaeology survey was conducted on the BMCRT. Based on the phase I
recommendations, two phase II archaeology surveys were conducted at select sites within the
BMCRT in 2017. Neither of the two select phase II sites are within the property boundary of the
Avadim project. The phase II survey reports are provided in Attachment G. Both phase II
reports recommended no further work or preservation of the select sites, and neither were
eligible for listing on the National Registry of Historic Places.

Attachment 6
Design Drawings and Map Figures

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DEVELOPMENT DATA
PRESENT OWNERSHIP:
BLACK MOUNTAIN CENTER FOR RESEARCH
AND TECHNOLOGY, LLC
PROPOSED OWNERSHIP:
AVADIM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
PORTION OF PIN = 0609-50-2431
PROJECT SITE AREA = 7.157 AC+/ -
ZONING = EMP
PROPOSED USE = CPUD MANUFACTURING
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SCALE: 1" = 50' NORTH
12 Church Street, Suite 21
Asheville, NC 28801
DESIGN
ASSOCIATES
LAN DSCAPE ARCHri ECTS
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Davis CivilSolutions, PA
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DO NOT USE FOR
CONSTRUCTION
George Anderson III, AIA
828 989 5154
[e-mail]
Issued for:
Date:
Job #: 00000

From Asheville Take 1-40 East to Exit 59 Swannanoa
Take a left off the exit onto Patton Cove Rd.
At the stoplight, take a right onto US 70.
Take US 70 past the Ingles Warehouse
CragmontR1,
At the next stoplight take a right onto Blue Ridge Road
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INCREMENT R NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand),
NGCC, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community
Data Source:
Document Path: G:\Design Associates\GIS\MXD\Figure 1. Vicinity Map.mxd
Exhibit 134. Vicinity Map and Directions to
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Nutter & Associates
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Sediment fencing and coir logs will be installed
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10 feet from property boundary.
0.091 Acres
Full extent of Sediment and Erosion Control not Illustrated
0.107 Acres
- 0.019 Acres
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Temporary Wetland Impacts = 0.049 Acres
Permanent Wetland Impact
—
Temporary Wetland Impacts
Temporary Work Zone
- --��-��■ Sediment Fencing and Coir Logs
Wetland_Boundary
Avadim Property
Data Source:
G:\Design Associates\GIS\MXD\Exhibit B6 Proposed Impacts.mx
Exihibit B6. Proposed wetland impacts for the Avadim
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DrB-Dillard Loam -Rarely Flooded_1-5 Percent Slopes
StB-Statler Loam -Rarely Flooded_1-5 Percent Slopes
TaD-Tate Loam -15-30 Percent Slopes
Udorthents Loamy
UnC-Inson Loam -15-30 Percent Slopes
UnD-Unison Loam -8-15 Percent Slopes
Exhibit B7. Soils Map Arial of Avadim Project 0 200 400Feet
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Document Path: G:\Design Associates\GIS\MXD\Figure 2. Soils and NWI Map.mxd
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Exhibit B9. FEMA Flood Zone Mapping
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BLACK MOUNTAIN
COMMERCE PARK
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NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH
CAROLINA
0 HPAR1'NlitiI' of CL1MMfkCE
KEY
A - INDSIMANF 102,000 BSF
a - COMMIOFFICE 60,000 BSF
C - INDSIMANF 51,000 BSF
D - COMMIMED 14,000 BSF
E - INDSIMANF 34,000 BSF
F - INDSIMANF 34,000 135F
G - INDSICOMMIOFFICE 16,000 BSF
H - iNDSICOMMIOFFICE 47,000 BSF
I - INDSICOMMIOFFICE 17,000 BSF
J - COMMIOFFICEIHOTEL 12,000 BSF
K - VEHICULAR BRIDGE
L - 1.40 JNTERCHANGE ROUNDABOUTS
M - 1-40 NORTHBOUND RAMP
N - PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
0 - PARK PAVILION
P - MULTI -USE TRAIL
Q - ARC FOUNDED PARK ACCESS RD.
R - PARK OPEN SPACE
S - AVADIM TECH, INC. 104,000 BSF
T- INDSIMANF 102,000 BSF
U - INDSIMANF 150,000 BSF
V - INDSIMANFIMED 61,000 BSF
W - PARK PAVILION AND TRAIL
X - COMMIOFFJCEIMED 30,000 BSF
Y - COMM10FF10EIMED 20, 000 BSF
Z - MULTi-FAMILY TOWNHOMES (28 UNITS)
AA - SINGLE FAMILY SITES (21 LOTS)
AB - COTTAGE HOME COMMUNITY (10 SITES)
AC - CHAPMAN'S COVE (II LOTS]
AD - HIGHLAND HOME SITES (6 LOTS; 40 AC)
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Attachment C
Agent Authorization Form

SAMPLE AGENT AUTHORIZATION FORM
PROPERTY LEGAL DESCRIPTION:
LOT N0. PLAN NO. PARCEL ID: �- S-/ -- 5 �46
Please print:
Property Owner: I'
Property Owner:
The undersigned, registered property owners of the above noted property, do hereby authorize
Alan Moore of
(Contractor / Agent)
Nutter & Associates, Inc.
(Name of consulting firm)
to act on my behalf and take all actions necessary for the processing, issuance and acceptance of
this permit or certification and any and all standard and special conditions attached.
Property Owner's Address (if different than property above);
s, 6v) 1 f 'C.
Telephone: 7— 6 77 — U 3
We hereby certify the above information submitted in this application is true and accurate to the
best of our knowledge.
a
Authorized Signature
Date:

Attachment D
NC Mitigation Services ILF Acceptance Letter

Mi#gadon Services
E"WR©NMENTAL QUALITY
March 12, 2018
Steve Woody
Bionome Properties Corps
81 Thompson St.
Asheville, NC 28803
ROY COOPER
Governor
MIC14AEL S. REGAN
Secretary
Expiration of Acceptance: 9/12/2018
Project: Avadim Facility County: Buncombe
This is a conditional acceptance letter.
The purpose of this letter is to notify you that the NCDEQ Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) is willing to
accept payment for compensatory mitigation for impacts associated with the above referenced project as
indicated below. Please note that this decision does not assure that participation in the DMS in -lieu fee
mitigation program will be approved by the permit issuing agencies as mitigation for project impacts. It is the
responsibility of the applicant to contact permitting agencies to determine if payment to the DMS will be
approved. You must also comply with all other state, federal or local government permits, regulations or
authorizations associated with the proposed activity including G.S. § 143-214.11.
This acceptance is valid for six months from the date of this letter and is not transferable. If we have not
received a copy of the issued 404 Permit/401 Certification within this time frame, this acceptance will
expire. It is the applicant's responsibility to send copies of the permits to DMS. Once DMS receives a copy
of the permit(s) an invoice will be issued based on the required mitigation in that permit and payment must
be made prior to conducting the authorized work. The amount of the in -lieu fee to be paid by an applicant is
calculated based upon the Fee Schedule and policies listed on the DMS website.
Based on the information supplied by you in your request to use the DMS, the impacts for which you are
requesting compensatory mitigation credit are summarized in the following table. The amount of mitigation
required and assigned to DMS for this impact is determined by permitting agencies and may exceed the
impact amounts shown below. _
River Basin Impact Location Impact Type Impact Quantity
(8 -digit HUC)
French Broad 06010105 _ Non -Riparian Wetland* I Up to 0.27
*DMS does not have non -riparian wetland credit available in this service area. In accordance with the
directive from the February 8, 2011 IRT meeting, non -riparian wetland impacts located in the
mountains and piedmont areas of North Carolina can be accepted as requested, but mitigated
utilizing riparian wetland mitigation credits and invoiced using the riparian wetland fee schedule.
Upon receipt of payment, DMS will take responsibility for providing the compensatory mitigation. The
mitigation will be performed in accordance with the In -Lieu Fee Program instrument dated July 28, 2010 and
15A NCAC 02B .0295 as applicable. Thank you for your interest in the DMS in -lieu fee mitigation program.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Kelly Williams at [phone].
cc: Alan Moore, agent
Sincerely,
�1� Nt-4q
ame . B Stanfill
As t Management Supervisor
State of North Carolina I Environnental Quality I Mitigation Services
1652 Mail Service Center I Raleigh, NC 27699-1652 1 217 W. Jones Street, Suite 3000
919 707 8976 T

Attachment E
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Correspondence

Alan Moore
From: Hamstead, Byron <[e-mail]>
Sent: Monday, March 12, 2018 1:25 PM
To: Alan Moore
Subject: Re: Buncombe Cty Permit Question
Attachments: 17-229 Black Mountain Research and Technology Park.pdf
Hi Alan,
Looks like we reviewed the site last March for an EDA grant associated with the Black Mountain Research and
Technology Park Project - no concerns for federally protected species and lots of recommendations for BMPs. Attached
is our letter for your records. Feel free to reference that letter and/or this email in preparation of a NWP application.
Check out our website for more info on the northern long-eared bat and its 4(d)
rule: https://www.fws.gov/asheville/htmis/prosect review/NLEB in WNC.html
I am happy to answer any specific q's you may have.
Regards,
Byron
Byron Hamstead
Fish and Wildlife Biologist
USFWS Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa St., Suite B
Asheville, NC, 28801
828-258-3939 ext. 225
This email correspondence an any attachments to and from this sender is subject to the Freedom of Information Act and
may be disclosed to third parties.
On Mon, Mar 5, 2018 at 4:16 PM, Alan Moore <[e-mail]> wrote:
Byron,
Here are a few maps I submitted with the JD request over a year ago. The approved JD was issued Dec of 2016.
Site coordinates are 35.6043, -82.34541.

United States Department of the Interior
Ms. Erica Anderson
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Land of Sky Regional Council
339 New Leicester Hwy., Ste. 140
Asheville, North Carolina 28806
Dear Ms. Anderson:
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
March 7, 2017
Subject: Black Mountain Center for Research and Technology Park, Black Mountain, Buncombe
County, North Carolina (ER 12-0399)
We received your letter dated February 9, 2017, in which you requested our comments on the
subject project. The following comments are provided in accordance with the provisions of the
National Environmental Policy Act; Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.
661-667e); Migratory Bird Treaty Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 703) (MBTA); and section 7 of
the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543) (Act).
According to your letter, the proposed project involves two tracts separated by Interstate 40 in
Black Mountain, North Carolina. Combined, the sites total about 77 acres. The northern parcel
is divided by the Swannanoa River and also has two additional streams and about 1/3 acre of
wetlands. The southern site also is divided by a stream and has 2.33 acres of wetlands.
Floodplain Impacts -_According to your letter and accompanying information (as well as the
North Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program - http://www.ncfloodmaps.com), the entire
northern tract is within the 100 -year floodplain and a considerable portion has been designated as
"floodway." We remind you that Executive Order 11988 requires federal agencies to consider
and protect floodplain functions. We believe the recent examples of flooding throughout North
Carolina (including the Swannanoa River) highlight the importance of avoiding the "long- and
short-term impacts associated with the occupancy and modification of floodplains" and that we
should "avoid direct and indirect support of floodplain development." Therefore, we do not
believe the subject project should be built in the 100 -year floodplain or in any way result in the
alteration of the 100 -year floodplain.

Additionally, because the Swannanoa River is a direct tributary to the French Broad River, a
Nationwide Section 26a Permit from the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) may be needed for
this project if there will be impacts to the floodplain. Section 26a of the TVA Act contains
regulations regarding both the location of construction projects and the types of activities carried
out within the Tennessee River or any of its tributaries. A tributary is defined as any watercourse
whose contents, if not obstructed, diverted, or consumed, will ultimately flow into the Tennessee
River; thus, TVA's jurisdiction extends to the limits of the Tennessee River watershed.
Section 26a is designed to ensure that construction along the shoreline and in waters of the
Tennessee River system does not have a negative effect on the agency's management of the river
system or its ability to carry out what the TVA Act describes as the "unified development and
regulation of the Tennessee River." By copy of this letter, we are notifying TVA of this project
and recommend contacting TVA before conducting any on -the -ground activities within the
Tennessee River watershed.
Floodplain alteration could also require that the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) review the proposed project because, upon construction, it could affect the hydrologic
or hydraulic characteristics of a flooding source and result in the modification of the existing
regulatory floodway, the effective Base Flood Elevations (BFEs), or the Special Flood Hazard
Area (SFHA). FEMA may need to issue a Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR). The
letter does not revise an effective National Flood Insurance Program map, it indicates whether
the project, if built as proposed, would be recognized by FEMA.
Invasive Exotic Species -_We are also concerned with the introduction and spread of invasive
exotic species in association with the proposed project. Without active management, including
the revegetation of disturbed areas with native species, the disturbed areas associated with project
construction and any connecting infrastructure corridors will likely only be sources of (and
corridors for) the movement of invasive exotic plant species. Exotic species are a major
contributor to species depletion and extinction, second only to habitat loss. Exotics are a factor
contributing to the endangered or threatened status of more than 40 percent of the animals and
plants on the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. It is estimated
that at least 4,000 exotic plant species and 2,300 exotic animal species are now established in the
United States, costing more than $130 billion a year to control. Additionally, the
U.S. Government has many programs and laws in place to combat invasive species (see
www.invasivespecies.gov) and thus cannot spend money to counter these efforts. Specifically,
Section 2(a)(3) of Executive Order 13112 - Invasive Species (February 3, 1999) directs federal
agencies to "not authorize, fund, or carry out actions that it believes are likely to cause or
promote the introduction or spread of invasive species in the United States or elsewhere."
Despite their short-term erosion -control benefits, many exotic species used in soil stabilization
seed mixes are persistent once they are established, thereby preventing the reestablishment of
native vegetation. Many of these exotics plants' are also aggressive invaders of nearby natural
areas, where they are capable of displacing already established native species. Therefore, we
'Lists of invasive exotic plants can be found at http://Www.tneppe.org/and http://Www.invasive.org/eastern/srs/on
the Internet.
2

strongly recommend that only native plant species be used in association with all aspects of this
project, including secondary impacts (i.e., connecting infrastructure).
Stream and Wetland Buffers -_Natural, forested riparian buffers are critical to the health of
aquatic ecosystems. They accomplish the following:
1. catch and filter runoff, thereby helping to prevent nonpoint-source pollutants
from reaching streams;
2. enhance the in -stream processing of both point- and nonpoint-source
pollutants;
3. act as "sponges" by absorbing runoff (which reduces the severity of floods)
and by allowing runoff to infiltrate and recharge groundwater levels (which
maintains stream flows during dry periods);
4. catch and help prevent excess woody debris from entering the stream and
creating logjams;
5. stabilize stream banks and maintain natural channel morphology;
6. provide coarse woody debris for habitat structure and most of the dissolved
organic carbon and other nutrients necessary for the aquatic food web; and
7. maintain air and water temperatures around the stream.
Forested riparian buffers (a minimum 50 feet wide along intermittent streams and 100 feet wide
along perennial streams [or the full extent of the 100 -year floodplain, whichever is greater])
should be created and/or maintained along all aquatic areas. Within the watersheds of streams
supporting endangered aquatic species, we recommend undisturbed, forested buffers that are
naturally vegetated with trees, shrubs, and herbaceous vegetation and extend a minimum of
200 feet from the banks of all perennial streams and a minimum of 100 feet from the banks of all
intermittent streams, or the full extent of the 100 -year floodplain, whichever is greater.)
Impervious surfaces, ditches, pipes, roads, utility lines (sewer, water, gas, transmission, etc.), and
other infrastructures that require maintained, cleared rights-of-way and/or compromise the
functions and values of the forested buffers should not occur within these riparian areas.
Impervious Surfaces/Low Impact Development (LID) - In addition to the increased
stormwater flows caused by the lack of or loss of riparian buffers and any floodplain
development, increased development outside the floodplain will also contribute to the quantity
and quality of stormwater entering project area waterways. Recent studies2 have shown that
areas of 10- to 20 -percent impervious surface area (such as roofs, roads, and parking lots) double
the amount of stormwater runoff compared to natural cover and decrease deep infiltration
(groundwater recharge) by 16 percent. At 35- to 50 -percent impervious surface area, runoff
triples, and deep infiltration is decreased by 40 percent. Above 75 -percent impervious surface
area, runoff is 5.5 times higher than natural cover, and deep infiltration is decreased by
80 percent. Additionally, the adequate treatment of stormwater in development areas is essential
2Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (15 federal agencies of the United States Government).
Published October 1998, Revised August 2001. Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices.
GPO Item No. 0120-A; SuDocs No. A 57.6/2:EN 3/PT.653. ISBN -0-934213-59-3.
3

for the protection of water quality and aquatic habitat in developing landscapes. Additionally,
these impervious surfaces collect pathogens, metals, sediment, and chemical pollutants and
quickly transmit them (via stormwater runoff) to receiving waters. According to the
Environmental Protection Agency, this nonpoint-source pollution is one of the major threats to
water quality in the United States, posing one of the greatest threats to aquatic life, and is also
linked to chronic and acute illnesses in human populations from exposure through drinking water
and contact recreation.
Increased stormwater runoff also directly damages aquatic and riparian habitat, causing
streambank and stream -channel scouring. In addition, impervious surfaces reduce groundwater
recharge, resulting in even lower than expected stream flows during drought periods, which can
induce potentially catastrophic effects for fish, mussels, and other aquatic life. Accordingly, we
recommend that all new developments, regardless of the percentage of impervious surface area
they will create, implement stormwater-retention and -treatment measures designed to replicate
and maintain the hydrograph at the preconstruction condition in order to avoid any additional
impacts to habitat quality within the watershed.
We recommend the use of low -impact -development techniques,' such as reduced road widths,
grassed swales in place of curb and gutter, rain gardens, and wetland retention areas, for retaining
and treating stormwater runoff rather than the more traditional measures, such as large retention
ponds, etc. These designs often cost less to install and significantly reduce environmental
impacts from residential development.
Where detention ponds are used, stormwater outlets should drain through a vegetated area prior
to reaching any natural stream or wetland area. Detention structures should be designed to allow
for the slow discharge of stormwater, attenuating the potential adverse effects of stormwater
surges; thermal spikes; and sediment, nutrient, and chemical discharges. Also, because the
purpose of stormwater-control measures is to protect streams and wetlands, no
stormwater-control measures or best management practices should be installed within any stream
(perennial or intermittent) or wetland.
We also recommend that consideration be given to the use of pervious materials (i.e., pervious
concrete, interlocking/open paving blocks, etc.) for the construction of roads, driveways,
sidewalks, etc. Pervious surfaces minimize changes to the hydrology of the watershed and can be
used to facilitate groundwater recharge. Pervious materials are also less likely to absorb and
store heat, and they allow the cooler soil below to cool the pavement. Additionally, pervious
concrete requires less maintenance and is less susceptible to freeze/thaw cracking due to large
voids within the concrete.
Equipment Use in Riparian Areas - Equipment should be operated from the streambank. If
in -stream work is necessary, stone causeways or work bridges (designed for the specific location
'We recommend visiting the Environmental Protection Agency's Web site at http://www.epa.gov/polluted-runoff-
nonpoint-source pollution/urban-runoff-low-impact-development for additional information and fact sheets
regarding the implementation of low -impact -development techniques.
4

and type of equipment) should be used. Work pads on banks or approaches to in -stream
structures should minimize disturbance to woody vegetation. Equipment should be inspected
daily and should be maintained appropriately in order to prevent the contamination of surface
waters from leaking fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or other toxic materials. All fuels,
lubricants, and other toxic materials should be stored outside the riparian management area.
Also, refueling should occur outside the riparian management area.
Stream Crossings - Bridges or spanning structures should be used for all permanent roadway
crossings of streams and associated wetlands. Structures should span the channel and the
floodplain in order to minimize impacts to aquatic resources, allow for the movement of aquatic
and terrestrial organisms, and eliminate the need to place fill in streams and floodplains.
Bridges should be designed and constructed so that no piers or bents are placed in the stream,
approaches and abutments do not constrict the stream channel, and the crossing is perpendicular
to the stream. Spanning some or all of the floodplain allows the stream to access its floodplain
and dissipate energy during high flows and also provides for terrestrial wildlife passage. When
bank stabilization is necessary, we recommend that the use of riprap be minimized and that a
riprap-free buffer zone be maintained under the bridge to allow for wildlife movement. If fill in
the floodplain is necessary, floodplain culverts should be added through the fill to allow the
stream access to the floodplain during high flows.
If bridges are not possible and culverts are the only option, we suggest using bottomless culverts.
Bottomless culverts preserve the natural stream substrate, create less disturbance during
construction and provide a more natural post -construction channel. Culverts should be
sufficiently sized to mimic natural stream functions and habitats located at the crossing site;
allow for water depth, volume (flow), and velocity levels that will permit aquatic organism
passage; and accommodate the movement of debris and bed material during bank -full events.
Widening the stream channel must be avoided.
In the event that a traditional culvert is the only option, the culvert design should provide for a
minimum water depth in the structure during low-flow/dry periods. Sufficient water depth
should be maintained in all flow regimes so as to accommodate both the upstream and
downstream movement of aquatic species. Water depth inside the culvert must be adequate for
fish to be completely immersed and all other aquatic life to move freely. The culvert should be
designed and installed at the same slope as the stream grade to maintain an acceptable water
velocity for aquatic life passage and for stream substrate characteristics to be retained within the
culvert.
Where feasible, we recommend the use of multiple barrels, in addition to the low -flow barrel, to
accommodate flood flows. Floodplain barrels should be placed on or near stream bank -full or
floodplain bench elevation and discharge onto floodplain benches. Where appropriate, install
sills on the upstream end of floodplain barrels to restrict or divert the base stream flow to a single
barrel. If the culvert is longer than 40 linear feet, alternating or notched baffles should be
installed in a manner that mimics the existing stream pattern. This will enhance the passage of
5

aquatic life by: (1) depositing and retaining sediment in the barrel, (2) maintaining channel depth
and flow regimes, and (3) providing resting places for fish and other aquatic organisms.
Measures to control sediment and erosion should be installed before any ground -disturbing
activities occur. Grading and backfilling should be minimized, and existing native vegetation
should be retained (if possible) to maintain riparian cover for fish and wildlife. Disturbed areas
should be revegetated with native grass and tree species as soon as the project is completed.
The proper planning, design, and installation of stream crossings provide year-round passage for
aquatic organisms and preserve healthy streams. We recommend the following Web site for
additional information regarding stream -crossing activities:
http: //www.streamfsfed. us/fishxing/pointers. html.
Erosion and Sedimentation Control. Construction activities near streams, rivers, and lakes
have the potential to cause water pollution and stream degradation if measures to control site
runoff are not properly installed and maintained. In order to effectively reduce erosion and
sedimentation impacts, best management practices specific to the extent and type of construction
should be designed and installed during land -disturbing activities and should be maintained until
the project is complete and appropriate stormwater conveyances and vegetation are reestablished
on the site.
A complete design manual, which provides extensive details and procedures for developing
site-specific plans to control erosion and sediment and is consistent with the requirements of the
North Carolina Sedimentation and Pollution Control Act and Administrative Rules, is available
at:
http: //portal. ncdenr. org/web/lr/publications.
Additional resources can be found at:
http://www.ncdot.gov/doh/operations/dp_chief eng/roadside/fieldops/downloads/.
For maximum benefits to water quality and bank stabilization, riparian areas should be forested;
however, if the areas are maintained in grass, they should not be mowed. We recommend
planting disturbed areas with native riparian species. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service can
provide information on potential sources of plant material upon request.
Federally Listed Species - We do not believe this project will have any effect on federally listed
species. Therefore, the requirements under section 7(c) of the Act are fulfilled. However,
obligations under section 7 of the Act must be reconsidered i£ (1) new information reveals
impacts of this identified action that may affect listed species or critical habitat in a manner not
previously considered, (2) this action is subsequently modified in a manner that was not
2

considered in this review, or (3) a new species is listed or critical habitat is determined that may
be affected by the identified action.
Please contact Mr. Allen Ratzlaff of our staff at 828/258-3939, Ext. 229, if you have any
questions regarding our comments. We have assigned our Log No. 4-2-17-229 to this project;
please refer to it in all future correspondence directed to us concerning this matter.
cc:
Mr. Anthony D. Summitt, Manager, Gray Regional Office, Tennessee Valley Authority, 106 Tri -
Cities Business Park Dr., Gray, TN 37615
Mr. Keith Dyche, Regional Environmental Officer, EDA Atlanta Regional Office, 401 West
Peachtree St. NW, Ste. 1820, Atlanta, GA 30308
7

Attachment F
Jurisdictional Determination

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
Action I.D.: SAW -2016-02369 County: Buncombe U.S.G.S. Quad: NC -BLACK MOUNTAIN
NOTIFICATION OF JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION
Property Owner/Agent: Jerry Bobilya
Address: PO Box 418 Black Mountain, North Carolina 28711
Telephone No.: 828-230-4981
Property description:
Size (acres): 7.16 acres
Nearest Town: Swannanoa
Nearest Waterway: Swannanoa River River Basin: French Broad Houston
Coordinates: 35.6043, -82.34541 Hydrologic Unit Code: 06010105
Location Description: The site is located On 195 Access Rd. Black Mountain, Buncombe County, NC
Indicate Which of the Followin-An:
A. Preliminary Determination
Based on preliminary information, there may be waters and wetlands on the above described property. We strongly
suggest you have this property inspected to determine the exteXt of Department of the Army (DA) jurisdiction. To be
considered final, a jurisdictional determination must be verified by the Corps. This preliminary determination is not an
appealable action under the Regulatory Program Administrative Appeal Process (/reference 33 CFR Part 331). ). if you
wish, you may request an approved JD (which may be appealed), by contacting the Corps district for further instruction.
Also, you may provide new information for further consideration by the Corps to reevaluate the JD.
B. Approved Determination
There are Navigable Waters of the United States within the above described property subject to the permit requirements of
Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Unless there is a change in the law or
our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this
notification.
X There are waters and wetlands on the above described property subject to the permit requirements of Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act (CWA)(33 USC § 1344). Unless there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this
determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
We strongly suggest you have the waters and wetlands on your property delineated. Due to the size of your property
and/or our present workload, the Corps may not be able to accomplish this wetland delineation in a timely manner. For a
more timely delineation, you may wish to obtain a consultant. To be considered final, any delineation must be verified by
the Corps.
X The waters and wetlands on your property have been delineated and the delineation has been verified by the Corps.
We strongly suggest you have this delineation surveyed. Upon completion, this survey should be reviewed and verified by
the Corps. Once verified, this survey will provide an accurate depiction of all areas subject to CWA jurisdiction on your
property which, provided there is no change in the law or our published regulations, may be relief] upon for a period not to
exceed five years.
_ The waters and wetlands have been delineated and surveyed and are accurately depicted on the plat signed by the Corps
Regulatory Official identified below on . Unless there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this
determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
There are no waters of the U.S., to include wetlands, present on the above described property which are subject to the
permit requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344). Unless there is a change in the law or our
published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this
notification.

Action Id.: SAW -2016-02369
Placement of dredged or fill material within waters of the US and/or wetlands without a Department of the Army permit may
constitute a violation of Section 301 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC § 1311). If you have any questions regarding this
detennination and/or the Corps regulatory program, please contact William Elliott at 828-271-7980.
C. Basis For Determination
The site contains wetlands as determined by the 1987 Corps of Engineers Weiland Delineation Manual and the Interim
Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Eastern Mountain and Piedmont Region. These
wetlands are adjacent to stream channels located on the property that exhibit indicators of ordinary high water marks. The
stream channel is an unnamed tributary to UT Swannanoa River which flows into the Swannanoa River and then to the French
Broad Houston River.
D. Remarks: Jurisdictional "Waters of the US" have been identified on this property as depicted
by submitted Jurisdictional Request Package on fide.
E. Attention USDA Program Participants
This delineation/determination has been conducted to identify the limits of Corps' Clean Water Act jurisdiction for the
particular site identified in this request. The delineation/determioation may not be valid for the wetland conservation
provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985. If you or your tenant are USDA Program participants, or anticipate participation
in USDA programs, you should request a certified wetland determination from the local office of the Natural Resources
Conservation Service, prior to starting work.
F. Appeals Information (This information applies only to approved jurisdictional determinations as indicated in
B. above)
Attached to this verification is an approved jurisdictional determination. If you are not hi agreement with that approved
jurisdictional determination, you can make an administrative appeal under 33 CFR 331. Enclosed you will find a request for
appeal (RFA) form. If you request to appeal this determination you must submit a completed RFA form to the following
address:
US Army Corps of Engineers
South Atlantic Division
Attn: Jason Steele, Review Officer
60 Forsyth Street SW, Room l0M 15
Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8901
In order for an RFA to be accepted by the Corps, the Corps must determine that it is complete, that it meets the criteria for
appeal under 33 CFR part 331.5, and that it has been received by the Division Office within 60 days of the date of the NAP.
Should you decide to submit an RFA form, it must be received at the above address within 60 days of the issue date below.
**It is not necessary to submit an RFA form to the Division Office if you do not object t the determination in this
correspondence.**
Corps Regulatory Official: William Elliott
Issue Date: December 22, 2416 Expiration Date: December 21, 2021
The Wilmington District is committed to providing the highest level of support to the public. To help us ensure we continue to
do so, please complete the Customer Satisfaction Survey Iocated at our website at hqp://pert.n p.usace.armv.ini]/survey.html
to complete the survey online.
CF: Alan Moore Nutter & Associates, Inc., 63 East Wabash Dr. Sylva NC 28779
74

NOTIFICATION OF ADivIINISTRATIVE APPEAL OPTIONS AND PROCESS AND
-
REQUEST FOR APPEAL AMEW
Applicant: .ferry Bobilya
File Number: SAW-2016-
Date: December 22,
02369
2016
Attached is:
See Section below
INITIAL PROF'F'ERED PERMIT (Standard Permit or Letter ofpermission)
A
PROFFERED PERMIT Standard Permit or Letter ofpermission)
B
PERMIT DENIAL
C
X APPROVED JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION
D
PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION
E
SECTION I - The following identifies your rights and options regarding an administrative appeal of the above
decision. Additional information may be found at
htt ://www_usace_ann .miIICECWIPa eslrec� materials. as x or Corps regulations at 33 CFR Part 331,
A: INITIAL PROFFERED PERMIT: You may accept or object to the permit.
■ ACCEPT: If you received a Standard Permit, you may sign the permit document and return it to the district engineer for final
authorization. If you received a Letter of Permission (LOP), you may accept the LOP and your work is authorized. Your
signature on the Standard Permit or acceptance of the LOP means that you accept the permit in its entirety, and waive all rights
to appeal the pennit, including its terms and conditions, and approved jurisdictional determinations associated with the permit.
OBJECT: If you object to the permit (Standard or LOP) because of certain terms and conditions therein, you may request that
the permit be modified accordingly. You must complete Section II of this form and return the form to the district engineer.
Your objections must be received by the district engineer within 60 days of the date of this notice, or you wii] forfeit your right
to appeal the pen-nit in the future. Upon receipt of your letter, the district engineer will evaluate your objections and may: (a)
modify the permit to address all of your concerns, (b) modify the permit to address some of your objections, or (c) not modify
the permit having determined that the permit should be issued as previously written. After evaluating your objections, the
district engineer will send you a proffered permit for your reconsideration, as indicated in Section B below.
B: PROFFERED PERMIT: You may accept or appeal the permit
■ ACCEPT: If you received a Standard Permit, you may sign the permit document and return it to the district engineer for final
authorization. If you received a Letter of Permission (LOP), you may accept the LOP and your work is authorized. Your
signature on the Standard Permit or acceptance of the LOP means that you accept the permit in its entirety, and waive all rights
to appeal the permit, including its terms and conditions, and approved jurisdictional determinations associated with the permit.
• APPEAL. If you choose to decline the proffered permit (Standard or LOP) because of certain terms and conditions therein, you
may appeal the declined permit under the Corps of Engineers Administrative Appeal Process by completing Section II of this
form and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received by the division engineer within 60 days of the
date of this notice.
C: PERMIT DENIAL; You may appeal the denial of a permit under the Corps of Engineers Administrative Appeal Process
by completing Section II of this form and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received by the division
engineer within 60 days of the date of this notice.
D: APPROVED JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION: You may accept or appeal the approved JD of
provide new information.
■ ACCEPT: You do not need to notify the Corps to accept an approved JD. Failure to notify the Corps within 60 days of the
date of this notice, means that you accept the approved JD in its entirety, and waive all rights to appeal the approved JD.
+ APPEAL: If you disagree with the approved JD, you may appeal the approved JD under the Corps of Engineers Administrative
Appeal Process by completing Section II of this form and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received
by the division engineer within 60 days of the date of this notice.

E: PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION: You do not need to respond to the Corps
regarding the preliminary JD. The Preliminary JD is not appealable. If you wish, you may request an
approved JD (which may be appealed), by contacting the Corps district for further instruction. Also you may
provide new information for further consideration by the Corps to reevaluate the JD.
'SECTION II - REQUEST FOR APPEAL or OBJECTIONS TO AN INITIAL PROFFERED PERMIT
REASONS FOR APPEAL OR OBJECTIONS: (Describe your reasons for appealing the decision or your objections to an
initial proffered permit in clear concise statements. You may attach additional information to this form to clarify where your reasons
or objections are addressed in the administrative record
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The appeal is limited to a review of the administrative record, the Corps memorandum for the
record of the appeal conference or meeting, and any supplemental information that the review officer has determined is needed to
clarify the administrative record. Neither the appellant nor the Corps may add new information or analyses to the record. However,
you may provide additional information to clarify the location of information that is already in the administrative record.
POINT OF CONTACT FOR QUESTIONS OR INFORMATION: r
If you have questions regarding this decision and/or the appeal
If you only have questions regarding the appeal process you may
process you may contact:
also contact:
William Elliott, Project Manager
Mr. Jason Steele, Administrative Appeal Review Officer
USACE, Asheville Regulatory Field Office
CESAD-PDQ
151 Patton Ave
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Atlantic Division
RM 208
60 Forsyth Street, Room l OM 15
Asheville, NC 28801
Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8801
828-271-7980
Phone: [phone]
RIGHT OF ENTRY: Your signature below grants the right of entry to Corps of Engineers personnel, and any government
consultants, to conduct investigations of the project site during the course of the appeal process. You will be provided a 15 day
notice of any site investigation, and will have the opportunity to participate in all site investigations.
Date:
Telephone number:
Signature of appellant or agent.
For appeals on Initial Proffered Permits send this form to:
District Engineer, Wilmington Regulatory Division, Attn: William Elliott, 69 Darlington Avenue, Wilmington,
North Carolina 28403
For Permit denials, Proffered Permits and approved .jurisdictional Determinations send this form to:
Division Engineer, Commander, U.S. Army Engineer Division, South Atlantic, Attn: Mr. Jason Steele,
Administrative Appeal Officer, CESAD-PDO, 60 Forsyth Street, Room 10M15, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8801`
Phone: [phone]
91

Attachment G
Phase II Archaeology Reports Conducted for the Black Mountain Center
for Research and Technology

Phase II Historical Research
Site 31BN982
Black Mountain Cultural Center
for Research and Technology
Black Mountain, Buncombe County, North Carolina
Prepared for:
Cushman Consulting Group, LLC
301 Crayton Street
Anderson, South Carolina 29621
[phone]
Prepared by:
Umenhouse CONSULTANTS incorporated
www.GreenhouseConsultants.com
6110 River Chase Circle
Atlanta, Georgia 30328
[phone]
Fax [phone]
July 2017

G r cc n h o u be CONSULTANTS incoipora ed
Barry D. Greenhouse, MSP, AICP, Project Principal
Catherine Wilson -Martin, MHP, Historic Preservation,
Principal Investigator and Primary Author
George D. Price, MS, Principal Archaeologist
U r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 2

Abstract
G re a nh o u S e CONSULTANTS incorporated completed a Phase I Archaeological Survey
of this project during July 2012. On the basis of those recommendations a Phase II
historical research on Site 31BN982 was undertaken during June through July 2017.
Site files at the Western Regional Archives (WRA), a component of the State Archives
of North Carolina, have no previously recorded historic archaeological sites in the
area south and west of the project area. This follow-up research is intended to
comply with the recommendations made in the Phase I Archaeological Survey for
Black Mountain Center for Research and Technology Black Mountain, Buncombe
County, North Carolina prepared by Greenhouse Consultants Inc. July 2012.
The house (designated as Site 31BN982) may have been built circa 1885 and occupied
until 1916 or as late as circa 1950. No data is available nor was information was
found on the site (house). Other available information does not provide conclusive
evidence as to the dates of occupation, the date of construction, nor the date of
destruction of the house. This assessment is based primarily on historic maps and
Real Estate Deeds. Based upon the research undertaken, Site 31BN982, including the
former house, appears not to meet the criteria for National Register of Historic
Places (NRNP) eligibility.
On the basis of the research completed for Site 31BN982 we recommend no further
work nor preservation.
G r e e n h o u s e coNSULTANTSincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 3

Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Physical Environment
Historical Background
Site 31BN982 Supplemental Research
Summary and Conclusions
Bibliography
List of Figures and Tables
Page 3
5
7
8
11
17
18
Figure 1. Approximate Location of Site 31BN982 6
Figure 2. 1900 Topographic Map (Mt. Mitchell 15" Quadrangle) 9
Figure 3. 1935 Topographic Map (Asheville 15" Quadrangle) 10
Figure 4. Plat 19, Page 98 13
Figure 5. 1920 Soil Map North Carolina, Buncombe County 15
Figure 6. 1938 Buncombe County Highway and Public Works Map 16
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 4

Introduction
CireenhouseCONSULTANTSincorporated was retained by Cushman Consulting Group to
undertake a Phase II cultural resource survey for the Black Mountain Cultural Center
for Research and Technology in Buncombe County, North Carolina. This report
presents the historical research for Site 31BN982. A separate report will present the
Phase 11 archaeological investigation of Site 31BN979. Cultural resource services was
conducted on behalf of the property owner in advance of property development.
This purpose of this Phase II investigation was to evaluate significance against criteria
for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRNP), in accordance with
36 CFR Part 60.
The project Area of Potential Effect (APE) is an approximately 77 acre tract of land
located south of US Highway 70, west of Blue Ridge Road, and is divided by
Interstate Highway 40 (I-40), on both sides of the Swannanoa River. Approximately
49 acres are in the parcel north of I-40 and 28 acres south of I-40 (Figure 1).
Research and evaluation of Site 31BN982 (Site 7, Phase I report, UTM: 17 N3940573
E377783) was conducted from June through July 2017 under direction of Catherine
Wilson -Martin, MHP, Historic Preservation, who served as the project Principal
Investigator and primary author. This supplemental investigation was conducted to
comply with the recommendations of the Phase I survey and report, July 2012.
G r e e n h o u s e coNSULTANTSincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 5

Figure 1. Approximate Location of Site 31BN982
(superimposed on aerial view of the project area)
G re a nh o u s e CONSULTANTSincorrporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 6

Physical Environment
The project Area of Potential Effect (APE) is located in the Blue Ridge province of
the Southern Appalachian Mountains, within the intermountain plateau physiographic
subdivision (Golston et al. 1954). The intermountain plateau (Asheville Basin) is a
wide valley along the French Broad River characterized by rolling hills, an average
elevation of 2,300 feet above mean sea level (AMSL).
Geologically the project area is located within the Blue Ridge Belt (NCGS 1985). The
Blue Ridge Belt features the highest elevations in the Appalachian Mountains and is
characterized by steep mountain ridges and deeply dissected basins and trench valleys
that intersect at all angles.
Buncombe County is situated on the continental divide, with most streams flowing
north and eventually into the Gulf of Mexico. The project area is located in the
southeastern part of the county, drained by the Swannanoa River that flows west into
the French Broad River, that eventually joins several other rivers including the
Holston, Tennessee and Ohio before emptying into the Mississippi River.
The 77 acre project area is bisected into two tracts by Interstate Highway 40 (1-40).
The north tract is approximately 49 -acres and includes land on both sides of the
Swannanoa River. The One small tributary, Wolfpit Branch, flows north into the
river at the extreme east end of this tract. Floodplain comprises most of the northern
tract, with elevations ranging from 2230' to 2280' ASML. The south tract is located
south of I-40 and includes approximately 28 acres. A small unnamed tributary that
flows north into the Swannanoa bisects this tract. The terrain west of this tributary is
mostly wooded uplands with elevations reaching 2360' ASML.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 7

Historical Background
Buncombe County was founded in 1791 and a two years later courthouse was
established on the early settlement of Morristown that in 1797 was incorporated and
the name changed to Asheville after Governor Samuel Ashe. The primary trade route
at that time was an Indian trading path through the Southern Appalachians that ran
along the French Broad River and traversed the modern city of Asheville. In order to
relieve congestion along the old trade route the North Carolina General Assembly
created the Buncombe Turnpike Corporation to build a toll road. The Turnpike was
completed in 1828 and rapidly became the primary route through which farmers in
Tennessee and Kentucky accessed markets in Georgia and South Carolina. In 1851
the Asheville—Greenville Plank Road was established and with this, a new avenue of
trade and settlement. Asheville emerged as the regional trade center. During the
Civil War a Confederate Armory was established in Asheville, which helped maintain
prosperity for the county. Still, the area remained fairly isolated until railroads were
extended to the area after the Civil War.
The railroads opened the area to large scale timber and mining operations and the
area saw increased growth and contact with the outside world. By the 1880s
Asheville became a popular health resort and the ensuing construction of luxury
homes and hotels characterized an economic boom that persisted until the
Depression.
The 1900 Mt. Mitchell Topographic Map indicates that the project area was largely
undeveloped at that time. It depicts paired structures in the southwest portion of the
South Tract corresponding to the position of Site 31BN982 (Figure 2). Neither of
these structures are depicted on 1935 (Figure 3) or 1941 topographic maps indicating
it was probably demolished during the twentieth century. The location of these
structures can be inferred, based upon topography, vegetation and two wells. These
wells are located along the southern boundary of the project area and the structure
was probably located south of the project area boundary. No artifacts were
recovered at this location.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 8

i
1
i 1
t �
r , • F ,IL
' 1 �
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NORTH TRACT
pr timate
i ry
R � .
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SOUTH TRACT "' -,{ a
approximate
Figure 2. 1900 Topographic Map
(Mt. Mitchell 15" Quadrangle)
G r e e n h o u s e C ON SUIT ANTSincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 9

rigure s. i opograpnic lvlap
(Asheville 15" Quadrangle)
G re a nh o u s e CONSULTANTSincorrporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 10

Site 31BN982 Supplemental Research
Site files at the Western Regional Archives (WRA), a component of the State Archives
of North Carolina, have no previously recorded historic archaeological sites in the
area south and west of the project area. This follow-up research is intended to
comply with the recommendations made in the Phase I Archaeological Survey for
Black Mountain Center for Research and Technology Black Mountain, Buncombe
County, North Carolina prepared by Greenhouse Consultants Inc. July 2012.
No information was been found on a house or related structures in the vicinity south
and southwest of the project site. Deed research and historic maps have been found
that shed light on the approximate construction date and the possible date of
destruction of the buildings in the vicinity of Site 31BN982.
G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTSincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 11

Site 31BN982
By 1880, railroad passenger service had reached Black Mountain with as many as 10
trains per day stopping at the Black Mountain station (Postcard History Series: Smannonoa
Valley, p. 36). The area became a health resort and religious mecca. The economic
boom that ensued also included a real estate boom. In the mid to late 1880s, large
tracts of land were purchased for speculation, construction of hotels, health resorts
and religious facilities. Despite this speculation there were settlers who were looking
for a place to live and farm. During this time the area in and near the Black
Mountain Center for Research and Technology project was bought and sold many
times with the boundaries also changing many times as various tracts were combined
and divided.
The possible location of the house covers two different tracts of land as they are
currently plotted. Deed research indicates that between 1885 and 1887 two families
bought and settled in this project area and owned the land for several decades. Either
of these families could be responsible for building a house located near site 31BN982.
Several members of the Hemphill family owned large tracts of land in this area during
the 1880s. J.D. Hemphill sold two large tracts to Elishia J. Kerlee in 1906 (Deed 143,
Page 261) and in 1917 (Deed 214, Page 171). Also in this vicinity, George Alexander
Morgan bought 65 acres on Flat Creek in 1887 (Deed 60, page 398). G. A. Morgan's
widow, Dealia A. Morgan (Interview, Robert Goodson) continued to own the land
until after 1935 (Plat 16, page 98) (Figure 4). Both Elishia J. Kerlee and George
Alexander Morgan served as Commissioners during the late 1890s and early 1900s
(Buncombe County Register of Deeds, various).
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 12

Figure 4. Plat 16, Page 98
Proposed Site for the N.C. State Tubercular San. July 1935.
(The G.A. Morgan property is in the lower left corner
and is shown bordering the Kerlee property to the south)
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 13

During 1916 a devastating flood along Flat Creek, Swannonoa River and the French
Broad River caused tremendous damage throughout Black Mountain and much of
the Asheville area. It is not known if the house was damaged by the Flood. If the
house survived the Flood of 1916, it is possible the home was occupied until the late
1940s or the early 1950s. The nation experienced a server housing shortage before
and during World War II and all available houses were used even if they were in
deplorable condition. The house may have been vacated and fallen into disrepair
when the post war building boom made better housing available.
Several historic maps show buildings in the general location of the Site 31BN982.
The 1900 Topographic Map (Figure 2) shows two buildings in the southwest corner
of the project site. The two buildings also appear on a 1920 Soil Map as well as the
North Carolina Buncombe County (Figure 5).
The 1935 Topographic Map (Figure 3) does not show any buildings in the vicinity of
the project site; however; a 1938 Buncombe County Highway and Public Works Map
(Figure 6) does show buildings in this vicinity.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 14

rigure :5. i�;PLu Boit iviap
North Carolina, Buncombe County
G re a nh o u s e CONSULTANTSincorrporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 15

o
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IL
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t
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�
a 6
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i s
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i
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Approximate
Location of
1
Site 31BN982
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Figure 6. 1938 Buncombe County Highway and Public Works Map
G re a nh o u s e CONSUI,TANTSincorrporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 16

Summary and Conclusions
The house (designated as Site 31BN982) may have been built circa 1885 and occupied
until 1916 or as late as circa 1950. No data is available nor was information was
found on the site (house). Other available information does not provide conclusive
evidence as to the dates of occupation, the date of construction, nor the date of
destruction of the house. This assessment is based primarily on historic maps and
Real Estate Deeds. Based upon the research undertaken, Site 31BN982, including the
former house, appears not to meet the criteria for National Register of Historic
Places (NRNP) eligibility.
On the basis of the research completed for Site 31BN982 we recommend no further
work nor preservation.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 17

Bibliography
Archaeological Data Inventory. Western Regional Archives: Asheville, N. C.: June
23, 2017.
Buckner, John. Black Mountain, North Carolina. E-mail interview by Catherine
Wilson -Martin, July 6, 2017.
Buncombe County, North Carolina State Highway and Public Wlorks. North Carolina State
Archives, 1938, Map.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 51,
Page 238.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 125,
Page 271.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 140,
Page 158.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 132,
Page 49.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 175,
Page 72.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 18

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 205,
Page 122.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 479,
Page 68.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Plat 16, Page 98.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 532,
Page 211
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1028, Page 99.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1234, Page 297.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Plat 40, Page 56.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Plat 46, Page
115.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1379, Page 510.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 19

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1377, Page 408.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1383, Page 692.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
2009, Page 413.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
2167, Page 633.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
2225, Page 104.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
2311, Page 47.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 48,
Page 522.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 60,
Page 398.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 270,
Page 198.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 20

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 814,
Page 649.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Plat 818, Page
92.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1028, Page 99.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1379, Page 510.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1377, Page 408.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
2303, Page 562.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
2814, Page 794.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 48,
Page 385.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 48,
Page 522.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 21

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 116,
Page 100.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 143,
Page 2.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 190,
Page 261.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 214,
Page 171.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 55,
Page 165.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 58,
Page 462.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 60,
Page 398.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 715,
Page 292.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 22

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 726,
Page 290.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 715,
Page 260.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 726,
Page 189.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 793,
Page 642.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Plat 28, Page 81.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
4098, Page 949.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
4098, Page 954.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Plat 98, Page
163.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
4282, Pages 176-177.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 23

Goodson, Robert. Black Mountain, North Carolina. E-mail interview by Catherine
Wilson -Martin, July 7, 2017.
1920 Soil Map, North Carolina, Buncombe County. United States Government Printing
Office: North Carolina State Archives, 1920, Map.
North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. Western Regional
Archives, Asheville, N. C.: June 23, 2017.
Parris, Joyce Justus. A History of Black Mountain North Carolina and Its People. Black
Mountain N. C.: Black Mountain Centennial Commission, 1992.
Smith, Anne Chesky, Director. Swannanoa Valley Museum, Black Mountain, N. C.:
June 23, 2017.
Standaert, Mary McPhail and Joseph Standaert. Postcard History Series: Swannonoa
Valley. Charleston, S. C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2014.
Swannonoa Valley Museum. Images ofAmerica: Black Mountain and The Swannonoa
Valley. Charleston, S. C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2004.
The Black Mountain News and The Swannonoa Valley Museum, presented by.
Pictorial History Black Mountain Swannanoa Valley. The Pediment Group, 2003.
Ward, Doris Cline, ed, Charles D. Biddix, Assoc. ed, Roberta Snyder Hall, Assis. ed.
Old Buncombe County North Carolina Volume II 1987. Winston-Salem, N.C.: The
Old Buncombe County Genealogical Society, 1987.
Ward, Doris Cline, ed, Charles D. Biddix, Assoc. ed. The Heritage of Old Buncombe
County Volume I-1981. Winston-Salem, N.C.: The Old Buncombe County
Genealogical Society, 1981.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 24

Phase II Historical Research
Site 31BN982
Black Mountain Cultural Center
for Research and Technology
Black Mountain, Buncombe County, North Carolina
Prepared for:
Cushman Consulting Group, LLC
301 Crayton Street
Anderson, South Carolina 29621
[phone]
Prepared by:
Umenhouse CONSULTANTS incorporated
www.GreenhouseConsultants.com
6110 River Chase Circle
Atlanta, Georgia 30328
[phone]
Fax [phone]
July 2017

G r cc n h o u be CONSULTANTS incoipora ed
Barry D. Greenhouse, MSP, AICP, Project Principal
Catherine Wilson -Martin, MHP, Historic Preservation,
Principal Investigator and Primary Author
George D. Price, MS, Principal Archaeologist
U r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 2

Abstract
G re a nh o u S e CONSULTANTS incorporated completed a Phase I Archaeological Survey
of this project during July 2012. On the basis of those recommendations a Phase II
historical research on Site 31BN982 was undertaken during June through July 2017.
Site files at the Western Regional Archives (WRA), a component of the State Archives
of North Carolina, have no previously recorded historic archaeological sites in the
area south and west of the project area. This follow-up research is intended to
comply with the recommendations made in the Phase I Archaeological Survey for
Black Mountain Center for Research and Technology Black Mountain, Buncombe
County, North Carolina prepared by Greenhouse Consultants Inc. July 2012.
The house (designated as Site 31BN982) may have been built circa 1885 and occupied
until 1916 or as late as circa 1950. No data is available nor was information was
found on the site (house). Other available information does not provide conclusive
evidence as to the dates of occupation, the date of construction, nor the date of
destruction of the house. This assessment is based primarily on historic maps and
Real Estate Deeds. Based upon the research undertaken, Site 31BN982, including the
former house, appears not to meet the criteria for National Register of Historic
Places (NRNP) eligibility.
On the basis of the research completed for Site 31BN982 we recommend no further
work nor preservation.
G r e e n h o u s e coNSULTANTSincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 3

Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Physical Environment
Historical Background
Site 31BN982 Supplemental Research
Summary and Conclusions
Bibliography
List of Figures and Tables
Page 3
5
7
8
11
17
18
Figure 1. Approximate Location of Site 31BN982 6
Figure 2. 1900 Topographic Map (Mt. Mitchell 15" Quadrangle) 9
Figure 3. 1935 Topographic Map (Asheville 15" Quadrangle) 10
Figure 4. Plat 19, Page 98 13
Figure 5. 1920 Soil Map North Carolina, Buncombe County 15
Figure 6. 1938 Buncombe County Highway and Public Works Map 16
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 4

Introduction
CireenhouseCONSULTANTSincorporated was retained by Cushman Consulting Group to
undertake a Phase II cultural resource survey for the Black Mountain Cultural Center
for Research and Technology in Buncombe County, North Carolina. This report
presents the historical research for Site 31BN982. A separate report will present the
Phase 11 archaeological investigation of Site 31BN979. Cultural resource services was
conducted on behalf of the property owner in advance of property development.
This purpose of this Phase II investigation was to evaluate significance against criteria
for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRNP), in accordance with
36 CFR Part 60.
The project Area of Potential Effect (APE) is an approximately 77 acre tract of land
located south of US Highway 70, west of Blue Ridge Road, and is divided by
Interstate Highway 40 (I-40), on both sides of the Swannanoa River. Approximately
49 acres are in the parcel north of I-40 and 28 acres south of I-40 (Figure 1).
Research and evaluation of Site 31BN982 (Site 7, Phase I report, UTM: 17 N3940573
E377783) was conducted from June through July 2017 under direction of Catherine
Wilson -Martin, MHP, Historic Preservation, who served as the project Principal
Investigator and primary author. This supplemental investigation was conducted to
comply with the recommendations of the Phase I survey and report, July 2012.
G r e e n h o u s e coNSULTANTSincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 5

Figure 1. Approximate Location of Site 31BN982
(superimposed on aerial view of the project area)
G re a nh o u s e CONSULTANTSincorrporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 6

Physical Environment
The project Area of Potential Effect (APE) is located in the Blue Ridge province of
the Southern Appalachian Mountains, within the intermountain plateau physiographic
subdivision (Golston et al. 1954). The intermountain plateau (Asheville Basin) is a
wide valley along the French Broad River characterized by rolling hills, an average
elevation of 2,300 feet above mean sea level (AMSL).
Geologically the project area is located within the Blue Ridge Belt (NCGS 1985). The
Blue Ridge Belt features the highest elevations in the Appalachian Mountains and is
characterized by steep mountain ridges and deeply dissected basins and trench valleys
that intersect at all angles.
Buncombe County is situated on the continental divide, with most streams flowing
north and eventually into the Gulf of Mexico. The project area is located in the
southeastern part of the county, drained by the Swannanoa River that flows west into
the French Broad River, that eventually joins several other rivers including the
Holston, Tennessee and Ohio before emptying into the Mississippi River.
The 77 acre project area is bisected into two tracts by Interstate Highway 40 (1-40).
The north tract is approximately 49 -acres and includes land on both sides of the
Swannanoa River. The One small tributary, Wolfpit Branch, flows north into the
river at the extreme east end of this tract. Floodplain comprises most of the northern
tract, with elevations ranging from 2230' to 2280' ASML. The south tract is located
south of I-40 and includes approximately 28 acres. A small unnamed tributary that
flows north into the Swannanoa bisects this tract. The terrain west of this tributary is
mostly wooded uplands with elevations reaching 2360' ASML.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 7

Historical Background
Buncombe County was founded in 1791 and a two years later courthouse was
established on the early settlement of Morristown that in 1797 was incorporated and
the name changed to Asheville after Governor Samuel Ashe. The primary trade route
at that time was an Indian trading path through the Southern Appalachians that ran
along the French Broad River and traversed the modern city of Asheville. In order to
relieve congestion along the old trade route the North Carolina General Assembly
created the Buncombe Turnpike Corporation to build a toll road. The Turnpike was
completed in 1828 and rapidly became the primary route through which farmers in
Tennessee and Kentucky accessed markets in Georgia and South Carolina. In 1851
the Asheville—Greenville Plank Road was established and with this, a new avenue of
trade and settlement. Asheville emerged as the regional trade center. During the
Civil War a Confederate Armory was established in Asheville, which helped maintain
prosperity for the county. Still, the area remained fairly isolated until railroads were
extended to the area after the Civil War.
The railroads opened the area to large scale timber and mining operations and the
area saw increased growth and contact with the outside world. By the 1880s
Asheville became a popular health resort and the ensuing construction of luxury
homes and hotels characterized an economic boom that persisted until the
Depression.
The 1900 Mt. Mitchell Topographic Map indicates that the project area was largely
undeveloped at that time. It depicts paired structures in the southwest portion of the
South Tract corresponding to the position of Site 31BN982 (Figure 2). Neither of
these structures are depicted on 1935 (Figure 3) or 1941 topographic maps indicating
it was probably demolished during the twentieth century. The location of these
structures can be inferred, based upon topography, vegetation and two wells. These
wells are located along the southern boundary of the project area and the structure
was probably located south of the project area boundary. No artifacts were
recovered at this location.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 8

i
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pr timate
i ry
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Figure 2. 1900 Topographic Map
(Mt. Mitchell 15" Quadrangle)
G r e e n h o u s e C ON SUIT ANTSincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
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Page 9

rigure s. i opograpnic lvlap
(Asheville 15" Quadrangle)
G re a nh o u s e CONSULTANTSincorrporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 10

Site 31BN982 Supplemental Research
Site files at the Western Regional Archives (WRA), a component of the State Archives
of North Carolina, have no previously recorded historic archaeological sites in the
area south and west of the project area. This follow-up research is intended to
comply with the recommendations made in the Phase I Archaeological Survey for
Black Mountain Center for Research and Technology Black Mountain, Buncombe
County, North Carolina prepared by Greenhouse Consultants Inc. July 2012.
No information was been found on a house or related structures in the vicinity south
and southwest of the project site. Deed research and historic maps have been found
that shed light on the approximate construction date and the possible date of
destruction of the buildings in the vicinity of Site 31BN982.
G r e e n h o u s e CONSULTANTSincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 11

Site 31BN982
By 1880, railroad passenger service had reached Black Mountain with as many as 10
trains per day stopping at the Black Mountain station (Postcard History Series: Smannonoa
Valley, p. 36). The area became a health resort and religious mecca. The economic
boom that ensued also included a real estate boom. In the mid to late 1880s, large
tracts of land were purchased for speculation, construction of hotels, health resorts
and religious facilities. Despite this speculation there were settlers who were looking
for a place to live and farm. During this time the area in and near the Black
Mountain Center for Research and Technology project was bought and sold many
times with the boundaries also changing many times as various tracts were combined
and divided.
The possible location of the house covers two different tracts of land as they are
currently plotted. Deed research indicates that between 1885 and 1887 two families
bought and settled in this project area and owned the land for several decades. Either
of these families could be responsible for building a house located near site 31BN982.
Several members of the Hemphill family owned large tracts of land in this area during
the 1880s. J.D. Hemphill sold two large tracts to Elishia J. Kerlee in 1906 (Deed 143,
Page 261) and in 1917 (Deed 214, Page 171). Also in this vicinity, George Alexander
Morgan bought 65 acres on Flat Creek in 1887 (Deed 60, page 398). G. A. Morgan's
widow, Dealia A. Morgan (Interview, Robert Goodson) continued to own the land
until after 1935 (Plat 16, page 98) (Figure 4). Both Elishia J. Kerlee and George
Alexander Morgan served as Commissioners during the late 1890s and early 1900s
(Buncombe County Register of Deeds, various).
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
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Page 12

Figure 4. Plat 16, Page 98
Proposed Site for the N.C. State Tubercular San. July 1935.
(The G.A. Morgan property is in the lower left corner
and is shown bordering the Kerlee property to the south)
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
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Page 13

During 1916 a devastating flood along Flat Creek, Swannonoa River and the French
Broad River caused tremendous damage throughout Black Mountain and much of
the Asheville area. It is not known if the house was damaged by the Flood. If the
house survived the Flood of 1916, it is possible the home was occupied until the late
1940s or the early 1950s. The nation experienced a server housing shortage before
and during World War II and all available houses were used even if they were in
deplorable condition. The house may have been vacated and fallen into disrepair
when the post war building boom made better housing available.
Several historic maps show buildings in the general location of the Site 31BN982.
The 1900 Topographic Map (Figure 2) shows two buildings in the southwest corner
of the project site. The two buildings also appear on a 1920 Soil Map as well as the
North Carolina Buncombe County (Figure 5).
The 1935 Topographic Map (Figure 3) does not show any buildings in the vicinity of
the project site; however; a 1938 Buncombe County Highway and Public Works Map
(Figure 6) does show buildings in this vicinity.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 14

rigure :5. i�;PLu Boit iviap
North Carolina, Buncombe County
G re a nh o u s e CONSULTANTSincorrporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 15

o
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Approximate
Location of
1
Site 31BN982
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Figure 6. 1938 Buncombe County Highway and Public Works Map
G re a nh o u s e CONSUI,TANTSincorrporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 16

Summary and Conclusions
The house (designated as Site 31BN982) may have been built circa 1885 and occupied
until 1916 or as late as circa 1950. No data is available nor was information was
found on the site (house). Other available information does not provide conclusive
evidence as to the dates of occupation, the date of construction, nor the date of
destruction of the house. This assessment is based primarily on historic maps and
Real Estate Deeds. Based upon the research undertaken, Site 31BN982, including the
former house, appears not to meet the criteria for National Register of Historic
Places (NRNP) eligibility.
On the basis of the research completed for Site 31BN982 we recommend no further
work nor preservation.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 17

Bibliography
Archaeological Data Inventory. Western Regional Archives: Asheville, N. C.: June
23, 2017.
Buckner, John. Black Mountain, North Carolina. E-mail interview by Catherine
Wilson -Martin, July 6, 2017.
Buncombe County, North Carolina State Highway and Public Wlorks. North Carolina State
Archives, 1938, Map.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 51,
Page 238.
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G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 18

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 205,
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1028, Page 99.
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1234, Page 297.
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115.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1379, Page 510.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 19

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1377, Page 408.
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1383, Page 692.
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2009, Page 413.
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2225, Page 104.
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2311, Page 47.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 48,
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 270,
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G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 20

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 814,
Page 649.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Plat 818, Page
92.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1028, Page 99.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1379, Page 510.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
1377, Page 408.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
2303, Page 562.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
2814, Page 794.
Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 48,
Page 385.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 48,
Page 522.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 21

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 116,
Page 100.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 143,
Page 2.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 190,
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 214,
Page 171.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 55,
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 58,
Page 462.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 60,
Page 398.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 715,
Page 292.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 22

Buncombe County, North Carolina Register of Deeds.
www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 726,
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 715,
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book 726,
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Plat 28, Page 81.
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4098, Page 949.
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4098, Page 954.
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Plat 98, Page
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www.buncombecounty.org/governing/depts/registerdeeds/: Deed Book
4282, Pages 176-177.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
Page 23

Goodson, Robert. Black Mountain, North Carolina. E-mail interview by Catherine
Wilson -Martin, July 7, 2017.
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Old Buncombe County North Carolina Volume II 1987. Winston-Salem, N.C.: The
Old Buncombe County Genealogical Society, 1987.
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County Volume I-1981. Winston-Salem, N.C.: The Old Buncombe County
Genealogical Society, 1981.
G r e e n h o u s e coNsuLTANTsincorporated
Black Mountain Center, North Carolina
Site 31BN982 Phase II
Prepared for: Cushman Consulting Group
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