20000173 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_20000801

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Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Acting Director
Division of Water Quality
February 28, 2002
CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Mr. Mickey Clemmons
14 Mountain Laurel Lane
Waynesville, NC 28786
Re: DWQ 000173, 000172
Little Ivy Creek, Paint Fork Creek
Madison County
Attn: Mr. Clemmons:
On March 15, 2000, the Division of Water Quality wrote to you concerning your plans to fill an unreported amount
of wetlands and/or linear feet of streams regarding Taylor Bamhill Mitigation Site development and the Oscar and
Georgia Brigmon in Madison County. This letter informed you that the project was incomplete and was being placed on
hold until the additional information outlined in the letter was supplied. To date, we have not received this additional
information. Unless we hear from you in writing within 3 weeks of the receipt of this letter, we will consider that you no
longer want to pursue this project and we will retire the file and consider the application as withdrawn. Please be aware
that reapplication for this project will require a Certification fee and new applications.
Please call Mr. Mike Horan of my staff at 919-733-3574 if you would like to discuss this matter.
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WetlaSuper
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Cc: File copy
Central files
Asheville DWQ Regional Office
Asheville Regulatory Field Office US Army Corps of Engineers

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N. C. Division of Water Quality 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 [phone] Cu tomer Service
1,800 623-7748
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Bill Holman, Secretary
Kerr T. Stevens, Director
1 ? •
NCDENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
15 March, 2000
DWQ#000173
Little Ivy Creek
Madison County
Mr. Mickey Clemmons
14 Mountain Laurel Lane
Waynesville, North Carolina 28786
Dear Mickey,
On the 25"' of February 2000 the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) was notified by receipt-
of your plan to improve water quality, fisheries habitat, riparian quality and stability of
Little Ivy Creek. The plan has very accurate descriptions of existing conditions, stream
structures and planting guidelines. However, we have concerns about how these data will
be utilized and applied to the new channel. At this point it is difficult to determine whether
or not this application describes restoration or stream enhancement/stabilization. For
instance, it is not clear how the proposed stream type will re-establish or establish the
proper dimension, pattern or profile based on the stream potential given the particular valley
morphology. Also, streambed material data was collected; however, sediment transport and
shear stress analyses were not provided. Please provide us with a summary table that
illustrates the existing channel conditions and how these conditions will change with
restoration. I've included a copy of the definition of stream restoration for your
information.
Stream restoration is defined as the process of converting an unstable, altered or degraded stream
corridor, including adjacent riparian Zone and floodprone areas to its natural or referenced, stable
conditions considering recent and fiaure watershed conditions. This process also includes restoring the
geomorphic dimension, pattern and profile as well as biological and chemical integrity, including
transport of water and sediment produced by the stream's watershed in order to achieve dynamic
equilibrium.
.. ,,
We believe that this project does not meet the accepted criteria for stream restoration listed
above. Therefore written concurrence from DWQ is needed for this project. Since the
proposed project exceeds 150 feet of stream impact the fee is set at $475. Checks should be
made payable to the N.C. Division of Water Quality and sent in with the application.
Wetlands/401 Unit 1621 Mail Service Center Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/10% post consumer paper
In addition to meeting the accepted definition and criteria for restoration, we also would like
to see the following issues addressed as part of this application.
? Please discuss accurate stream lengths and buffer width measurements being
proposed by this project.
? Goals of this project include improving water quality, habitat and spawning
conditions. How will these goals be measured and assessed?
? Tables I and 2 list fish and benthic macroinvertebrate data from three monitoring
sites on Lower Paint Fork Creek. Is Lower Paint Fork Creek a tributary of Little Ivy
Creek? Can these data be accurately applied to describe water quality conditions of
Little Ivy Creek? Water quality conditions (Fair and Poor) at these three locations
were based on tolerance values of benthic macroi n vertebrate organisms. What
criteria were used to assigned these tolerance values?
? The use of bamboo as a riparian plant to stabilize stream banks at the Taylor
Barnhill location is unacceptable due to its invasive nature.
? We believe that the use of 500 pounds of fertilizer per acre (applications in the
spring and fall) may be excessive. Please elaborate on the application method or
justify this level of application.
Please be reminded that the 401 certification states that no stream impact shall occur until
written DWQ approval is received for a detailed stream restoration.
Sincerely,
n
Cc: Dave Penrose, Wetland Unit
Mike Parker, Asheville Regional Office
Jeff Jurek, Wetlands Restoration Program
Asheville District Corps of Engineers
Central Files

(1001 73
Construction Plan for the
Taylor Barnhill Mitigation Site

Little Ivy Creek
Madison County
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
February 2000
Project Plan Outline
Project Description
Scope and Objectives
Existing Conditions
Channel Modifications
Riparian Modifications
Site Maps
Vicinity Map
Easement Survey
Stream Reach Data
Pebble Count Data
Plan view - Pattern
Cross-sections - Dimension
Location of Cross-sections
Cross-sections of Little Ivy Creek
Longitudinal Profiles
Profile Data Sheet of Little Ivy Creek
Little Ivy Creek Profiles
Planned Stream Structures at Barnhill Site
Cut and Fill Quantities for Barnhill Site
Stream Bank Profiles (showing grading, erosion controls, and vegetation)
Structures
Planting Guidelines
Monitoring Guidelines
Notes for Contractors
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Scope and Objectives
The objective of this stream mitigation project is Alniuimer mve the water qualit fisheries habitat,
riparian quality and stability of Little Ivy Creek. o activities will be undertaken to
accomplish this primary objective. At eroding sections, the stream banks will be reshaped to a
more stable cross-sectional profile. Areas of high bank stress will be protected using rock vanes.
J-hook vanes and cross-vanes will be used to improve habitat through pool creation. Building a
vegetated floodplain at the foot of a section of high, vertical bank will reduce erosion at this site.
Disturbed sections of the riparian zone will be planted with native vegetation. Initially grasses,
sedges, rushes, and other herbaceous vegetation will be seeded throughout the riparian zone.
During the dormant winter season, bare rooted and live stakes of tolerant woody species will be
planted extensively from the bankfull elevation up-slope to the easement line.
Specific objectives for the Taylor Barnhill site are the following:
1. Protect the stream and riparian zone through placing them in a conservation easement.
2. Install rock vanes, J-hook vanes and cross-vanes along the eroding bend in the river to reduce
erosion and provide fish habitat.
3. Stabilize eroding, vertical bank by constructing a floodplain bench at the toe of the slope.
4. Plant native trees, bushes and ground cover that will stabilize the creek banks, shade the
stream, and provide wildlife cover and food.
Existing Conditions
The Taylor Barnhill site is located in the Little Ivy Creek watershed on Little Ivy Creek
approximately 1.2 miles upstream of its junction with Ivy Creek. The watershed is developed
with a medium to low density of homes. The primary land disturbing activity in the watershed is
agriculture. Most of the flatter valleys are used to raise tobacco and cattle are grazed on steeper ``,n,?
pastureland. Forestland in the watershed was converted to agricultural land during theI800's and ?a\? 1
early 1900's. A significant portion of the watershed remains in secondary growth forest. At the
present time, there is some conversion of agricultural land to single family home sites. The o V "?
construction of a major interstate through the county should increase this trend. Little Ivy eek
has suffered from land disturbing activities within the watershed. Much of the creek been
channelized or moved at some time in the past. Sedimentation of the creek has tinued for
many years as soil from fields, pastures and gravel roads has eroded into th reek. Sampling of
headwater streams show that trout continue to mainta' 1Lbut e population in the ?VJ?
watershed; however, a fish sample taken on low r Paint Fork Creek f ' d to produce any trout. `
This sample did find 14 species of fish, including 3 specs U .5 game fish (Table 1). This fish
population is one that can tolerant warmer-water and higher volumes of sediment than the cold-
'Out. fish population that probably existed before development of the watershed. Three (3)
macrobenthos samples were taken on Paint Fork Creek (Table 2). These samples indicate fair to
poor water qua ity nditions in the Little Ivy Creek watershed.
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Channel Conditions: The charm 1 at this site s confined by a narrow valley and is primarily a
large bend in the creek, over which eam drops approximately 8 feet in a 1200-foot reach.
The channel is primarily a single thread along the bend; however, there is an old cutoff channel
on the inside of the bend. The majority of the water flows down the primary channel with higher
flows using the cutoff. Where erosion of the bank is not minimal the channel has a vegetated
interberm. Excessive erosion is a problem along most of the outer bend or right bank of the
creek and along the lower right bank.
Bankfull was determined using field-identified indicators, primarily a scour line, and evaluated
using regional curve information (NCSU, unpublished data). Bankfull cross-sectional area at
this site is lower than the mountain regional curve would predict. This condition has been seen
at other sites within Madison County and reflects lower rainfall and runoff in this area of the
mountains. A reference cross-section was analyzed to obtain reference dimensional data. The
reference site is lomWd approximately 500 feet downstream of the end of the project site. A
reference cross-section is the only reference data included in this analysis since no change in
pattern is lp armed. Sinuosity is very ow at t is site, stream length/va ey eng = or v lley
s pT- a tream slope = 1.14. Sinuosity is not a good criterion to use for typing this stream since it ?
was probably altered in the past and does not reflect natural conditions. An entrenchm at ratio
of approximately 2.0 and a width/depth ratio of 18.1 indicate that this ',a _B type stre . Small
cobble (72 mm) is the D50 of the bed material in the project reach. Water s ope across
the project reach is .0085, which is more indicative of a C type stream. When taken together
these criteria indicate that the project reach is a 133c, according to the Rosgen stream
classification system.
Pool habitat at this site is limited, with only one large pool present in the upper third of the site.
The remaining pools are small scour pools with limited length and depth. Stable reaches within
this area demonstrate a riffle:pool length ratio similar to what is seen at the top of this site, 1:2.4
and total riffle-pool sequence length of 200 feet or more. Most of this site has short sequences
less than 100 feet and an avers :1.3. This present condition has resulted in a limited
number of quality pools for aquatic organis . The D50 of the bed is small cobble; however, the
si is ri u ion o e material sampled during pebble counts indicates a bimodal distribution.
The first mode is made up of small sand and finer material and the second mode is centered
around large cobble (180 mm). The size distribution of the pebble count gives a better
description of the bed than the D50. Inspection of the bed indicates one composed primarily of
cobble and some boulders, which is embedded with finer material. The absence of high quality
pools and the presence of embedded substrate has resulted in limited spawning areas for fish,
particularly gravel spawning species such as trout. Imorovements to the channel that result in
deeper pools that tail out into sorted gravel should im
diversity of bed conditions that benefit many aquatic organisms.
conditions and provide a
Riparian Conditions: With the exception of 2 small areas this site contains both sides of the
stream. The exceptions include 142 feet above the bridge on the left bank and 119 feet at the
Riddle home on the right bank. This means that 90% of the riparian zone at this project site is
with in the easement. At spots along the channel the stream has developed a narrow floodplain.
This benefits channel conditions by slowing water velocity during high water events. This in
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turn reduces the amount of erosion occurring on the stream banks. The left bank or inside of the
bend along this reach is in good shape with little or no excessive erosion. The landowner's
house is on this side of the stream and he maintains a well vegetated buffer between grassed
areas and the creek. The right bank is stable over the upper 1/3 of the site but becomes unstable
as the creek enters the bend. Above this eroding bank is a well vegetated terrace that gives way
on the lower end of the site to a high (8-10 feet) vertical bank. The terrace is vegetated with
large and small trees and has an extensive growth of non-native bamboo. The existing vegetated
buffer varies between 10 and 50 feet in width and provides the shade that the stream needs to
maintain the cold water trout require. The primary threat to the existing riparian zone is the
erosion along the right bank at the back of the creek bend and the erosion occurring on the high
vertical bank.
Channel Modifications
We plan to control erosion along the outer bend of this site by using vanes to reduce the near
bank water velocity and stress. The attached cross-sectional drawings show the existing
unension of the stream bank at this site (cross-sections 1, 2 and 3). Construction in this area
will include 3 - 4 J-hook vanes placed along the outer bend. The first vane will begin at the top
of the second riffle below the bridge, at approximately station 3+00. This is just downstream
from the cutoff channel. The vane will be low enough that water will not be directed to the
cutoff channel. Below this initial vane, other structures will be placed as needed to control near
bank flow and to redirect flow toward the thalwag. Initial evaluations of this site indicate that no
more than 4 vanes will be needed. See the attached stream structure site map for possible
locations and the diagrams for construction details. Vanes will be constructed out of shot
boulders hauled to the site from disposal areas on the I-26 highway project. A table follows the
cross-sections, which shows the amount of fill required to construct all planned structures.
Vanes will be constructed by a track-hoe working within the channel. Vanes will be offset from
the bank 20-30 degrees and sloped upstream into the bed of the stream on a 10 - 15% slope. The
upstream end of the vanes will be "hooked" with several offset boulders to create a vortex effect.
The converging water created by these boulders will scour and maintain deep holes.
We will control erosion along the lower high vertical bank by constructing a floodplain bench at
the base of the vertical bank. Just upstream of the eroding bank a bench already exists. The
constructed bench will be built out of shot boulders hauled to the site from disposal areas on the
I-26 highway project. The floodplain bench will extend less than 10 feet from the base of the
bank. The attached cross-sectional drawings show the existing dimension of the stream bank at
this site (cross-sections 4 and 5) and the planned modifications. Footer rocks will be placed into
the substrate to support the toe of the bench. The channel bed will be deepened along the toe of
the bench to compensate for the reduction in cross-sectional area. A vane may be built along the
upper margin of this bench to move water into the thalwag and off of the upper bench. This will
depend on how well the constructed bench can be blended into the existing upstream bench.
Material removed from the channel will be placed on the bench. Soil will be brought from an
upland source and applied to the top of the bench to make rooting of vegetation possible. The
final surface of the bench will be seeded and covered with an erosion control fabric. This
material will be anchored in the bed of the bench to increase the short-term stability of the bench
surface. Vegetation should further stabilize the site within a few weeks. The bench will capture
future erosion from the bank, keeping it from going into the creek, and over time provide greater
stability for this slope.
In addition to the structures described above we plan to construct 2 cross-vanes. These structures
will be used to move the water to the center of the channel and to create a scour hole. See the
attached stream structure site map for possible locations and the diagrams for construction
details. The first cross-vane will be built just downstream of the island, where existing boulders
closely resembles a cross-vane. This will take the water converging from the two channels and
direct it into the center of the stream and should eliminate existing erosion at this site.
Construction of this cross-vane will seek to stabilize and enhance the existing structure. The
second cross-vane may be built at the lower end of the floodplain bench. This will move the
thalwag off of the toe of the bench and toward the center of the channel.
Riparian Modifications
Riparian modifications will occur in 3 primary areas: the terrace at the back of the bend, the
grassed zone between the creek and SR 1540, and the constructed floodplain bench. In addition
to these primary areas woody vegetation may be planted at other areas within the easement as
needed. No agricultural practices are being installed as part of the work at this site, because
there are not agricultural activities occurring. However, if this becomes a future use of the land,
fencing will be added.
The riparian condition on the terrace, along the outer bend is excellent. One of our goals will be
to limit impacts to the vegetation in this area as much as possible. As vanes are installed along
this bend, an attempt will be made to slope the present vertical condition as much as possible
without harming existing vegetation. The degree that this bank can be sloped will depend
existing trees. After the bank is sloped as much as possible it will be hand seeded with native
herbaceous and woody plant seeds that are on the attached native plant list. The surface of the
sloped bank will then be covered with a coir fiber, erosion control fabric. This material will be
anchored in place with stakes and landscape staples. We will also plant low growing woody
species such as alder, willow, red twig dogwood and button bush. These species will be planted
as cuttings during the dormant season or as rooted material harvested from adjacent areas.
A large grassed area presently exists between the stream and SR 1540. This area is presently
mowed regularly by the DOT maintenance crew. The landowner is interested in having
vegetation planted in this section of the easement that will screen the road, and has suggested
using the bamboo that is already present at the site. We are proposing to use the bamboo, even
though it is not native, since it exists at this site now and will fulfill the landowner's desires.
Bamboo will also meet our objective of stabilizing the bank. The easement line in this area will
be demarcated using post and signs that state it is an easement area. DOT will be contacted and
asked not to mow within the easement area in the future.
The floodplain bench that will be built along the lower high bank will have a layer of soil applied
to the top of the bench to make vegetative growth possible. The bench surface will be seeded
with native herbaceous and woody plant seeds from the attached native plant list. Coir erosion
control fabric will then cover the bench surface and will be anchored to the substrate. The back
of this bench will be planted with woody species such as alder, willow, red twig dogwood and
button bush. These species will be planted as cuttings during the dormant season. This should
create a stabile, natural looking bench that protects the vertical slope.
Table 1. Fish species collected from Lower Paint Fork Creek by TVA personnel on August 5,
1999.
Common Name Species Count Anomalies
Bigeye Chub Notropis amblops 55 1
Black redhorse Moxostoma duquesnei 2
Blacknose dace Rhinichthys atratulus 3
Central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum 323 201
Fantail darter Etheostoma flabellare 103
Northern hog sucker Hypentelium nigricans 51 4
Redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus 16
River chub Nocomis micropogon 121 101
Rock bass Amblopllites rupestris 9 1
Saffron shiner Notropis rubricroceus 93 34
Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu 4
Tennessee shiner Notropis leuciodus 50
Warpaint shiner Luxilus coccogenis 36 1
Whitetail shiner Cyprinella galactura 32
Table 2. Semi-quantitative benthic samples from 3 sites along Paint Fork Creek, taken August
5, 1999.
Data Summary ) v Site 1 Site 2 Site 3
Percent of Organisms as intolerant taxaj 35.64 58.80 36.79
Percent of organisms as tolerant taxa 39.60 10.08 33.96
Percent of organisms as other taxa 24.75 31.09 29.24
Total number of organisms in subsam e 101 119 106
EPT FAMILIES 9 9 10
EPT TAXA 13 12 13
ABUNDANCE OF TOLERANT TAXA A A C-A
Abundance is approximate density per habitat: C=common, A=abundant
Barnhill Site "Xr- `

Madison County
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Taylor Barnhill Site Survey
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Stream Reference Reach Data
Stream Name: Little Ivey Creek - Barnhill Site Date: 11/30-12/2/99
Basin Name: French Broad Drainage AREA: Ac. 46 MI
Location: 1.20 miles upstream from the junction with Big Ivey Creek to form Ivey River
Observers: Clemmons & Burgess
Bankfull WIDTH (Wbkf): 58.7
Mean DEPTH (Dbkf):
Bankfull X-sectional AREA (Abkf):
Maximum DEPTH (dmbkf)•
WIDTH of Flood-Prone Area (Wfpa):
Entrenchment Ratio (ER):
Width / Depth RATIO (Wbkf/dbkf):
Channel SINUOSITY (K):
Water Surface SLOPE (S):
Channel Materials D50:
3.05
190.91
5.60
approx. 120
approx. 2.0 B
19.2 B
1.09
0.008
72mm small cobble
STREAM TYPE: B3
Channel DIMENSION
Pool Depth (dp) ft:
Riffle Depth (dr) ft:
Max. pool depth:
4.97
3.97
6.26
Pool Width (Wp): 0
Riffle Width (Wr): 58.7
lowest bank height: 4.82
Ratio: POOL Depth / RIFFLE Depth ( dp / dr )
Ratio: POOL Width / RIFFLE Width ( dp / dr )
Ratio: POOL Area / RIFFLE Area ( Ap / Ar ):
Ratio: Max. Pool Depth/Mean Bankfull Depth (dpme%/dbkf)
Ratio: Lowest Bank Height / Max. Bankfull Depth (BHI../dmbkf)
Streamflow: Estimated Mean Velocity (u) @ Bankfull Stage Ft./Sec.:
Streamflow: Estimated Discharge (Q) @ Bankfull Stage CFS:
Pool (xs)Area (Ap): 0
Riffle (xs)Area (Ar): 193.87
1.25
0.00
0.00
2.05
0.86
Channel PATTERN
Meander Length ( Lm ): Radius of Curvature ( Rc ):
Belt Width (WBLT): Meander Width RATIO (MWR = WBLT / WBKF):
RATIO: Radius of Curvature / Bankfull Width ( RC / WBKF ):
RATIO: Meander Length / Bankfull Width ( Lm / WBKF )•
Channel PROFILE
Valley Slope: 0.0096
Riffle Slope: 1.931409
Pool to Pool Spacing: 154.4
Ave. Water Surface Slope: 0.0085
Pool Slope: 0.0478
Pool Length: 82.6
RATIO: Riffle Slope / Average Water Surface Slope: 227.92
RATIO: Pool Slope / Average Water Surface Slope: 5.65
RATIO: Pool Length / Bankfull Width: 1.41
Ratio: Pool to Pool Spacing / Bankfull Width: 2.63
28 % Sa9d & <
20 % Gravel
35 % Cobble
17 % Boulder
0 % Bedrock
Channel MATERIALS
D16 0.16 mm
D35 25 mm
D50 72 mm
D84 260 mm
D95 512 mm
PEBBLE COUNT INFORMATION
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PARTICLE SIZE (mm)
14.0%
•'"-N 12.0%
:2 10.0%
r
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CL
E 6.0%
0 4.0%
2.0%
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Doti ??h o?? o`•'
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100 1000 10000
--*--POOL
-- A MEAN
• • - - RIFFLE
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ASPHALT
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1
- - - J • STONE
. CONSERVATION EASEMENT
•L22• WOODEN 0.13 AC.
BRIDGE r

•' x-sect. 1 i5 R/
t 0+17 --"" L24
x-sect. 2

3+96
1 !CONSERVATIQ
:.` £ASEMENT•,
2.64
x-
t
3
D
• \ , ? sec
.
WELL
5+30
,
f : ` =;; • x-sect. 4
`
? •' ''? ?' . `` 7+86
..

....... 1 -

i ?5 _ _..... .........
ASPRAET?O - ^--
Location of cross-sections at Barnhill Site.
EIP
s
EIP
J?6,O? `Sv/9
F
x-sect. 5
8+24
E1P-
r

............. ..........
.?PK NAIL

l 1
O
1
CD
O
B
O
i
Left Bank
101
= 99
'p 97
95
m 93
W
91
89
Cross-section 1, Little Ivy Creek at station 0+17
bankfull elevation
water surface elevation
0 5
105
E
95
c
6
:r
ea
4) 85
W
75
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105
Distance (ft)
Cross-section 2, Little Ivy Creek at station 3+96
Left Bank
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160
Distance (ft)
Cross-section 3, Little Ivy Creek at station 5+30
Left Bank
100
98
.? 96
c 94
'p 92
+r 90
88
d 86
W 84
82
80
Sycamore tree & roots
bankfull elevation
water surface ele,
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Distance (ft)
Left Bank Cross-section 4, Little Ivy Creek at station 7+86
100
= 95
90
`° A ?--bankfull elevation
m 85 '
•-water surface elevation
80 • ....... _... '
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Distance (ft)
Left Bank Cross-section 5, Little Ivy Creek at station 8+24
$ 198
96
_ 94
•O 92
¦f.
90
88 -
m 884- 6 - ?' bankfull elevation
w 2 4-1water surface elevation
..y
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Distance (ft)
$ 98
= 96
•O 94
92
m 90
w
88
0
Left Bank Reference Cross-section, Little Ivy Creek
5 10 15 20 25 30
`bankfull elevation
water surface elevation
35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Distance (ft)
Longitudinal Profile Data Sheet for. Little Ivey Creek - Bamhiu Site
rrome aescnption: Begins bel ow brill eat head of first riffle that 1 st x-section is in. It
starts app. 5 feet upstream of a 4 sprout ma ple. It ends at head of
pool besid e large white pine. D bkf RIFFLE-POOL
Feature
Riffle
98
95 Length
0 Tot. Dist.
87 Thai. Thai. Elev slope
9 W.S. elev. slope BF BF Elev. slope op n T.B. elev. slope pool riffle pool-L rirtb-L R:P TB-Thal Bkf-W.S.

Pool .
98
95
87
206 .21 89.74 1.1
10
16 88
79 7.95 91 1.0 4.46 94.49 0.6 0 98.95 4.0 4.75 87 293 9.21 3.49
. .
.
-0.2 8.85 90.1 0.0 4.99 93.96 0.3 3.51 95.44 0.7 5.17 206 6
65 3
86
Riffle
Pool 96.09
96
09 293
472 179
52 6.82 89.27 1.5
9
44 86 6.08 90.01 1.4 2.75 93.34 1.5 2 94.09 0.7 4.07 179 231 .
.
4.82 3.33
. . .65 -0.2 8.57 87.52 0.2 5.46 90.63 1.4 3.25 92.84 -0.5 3.98 52 6
19 3
11
Riffle 96.09 524 32 9.36 86.73 3.9 8.67 87.42 0.7 6.17 89.92 -1.5 2.92 93.17 2
9 3
19 32 69 .
6
44 .

Pool
96.09
556
37
10.61
85.48
1.5
8.91
87.18
-0.3
5.68
90.41
1.2
3
85
92
24 .
2
6
4
93 .
37 . 2.5

Riffle
92.61
593
26
6.56
86.05
4.0
5.31
87
3
4
2
2
63
89
98
1
4 . . . . 6.76 3.23

Pool
92
61
619
54
7
59
85 . . . . . 1.35 91.26 1.7 3.93 26 80 5.21 2.68
. . .02 0.0 6.41 86.2 0.3 3 89.61 2.2 1.8 90.81 1.1 4
59 54 5
79 3

Riffle
92.61
673
35
7.59
85.02
1.0
6.57
86.04
2.5
4.2
88.41
-3.2
2.39
90
22
-1
2 .
3
39
35
99 . .41

Pool
96.76
708
64
12.1
84.66
1.1
11.58
85.18
0.0
7.24
89.52
1.7
5
13 .
90
63 .
0
5
4
86 .
64 5.2 2.37

Riffle
96.76
772
80
12.83
83.93
2.7
11.6
85.16
1
7
8
35
88
41
0
5 .
6 . . . 5.97 4.34

Pool
96
76
852
15 . . . . .43 90.33 1.2 4.48 80 6.4 3
25
. 81.76 12.98 83.78 8.74 88.02 7.37 89.39 6
26 0 7
63 .

Riffle
0
0
0
0 . . 4.24

Pool
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Riffle 0 0 0 0 0

Pool
0
0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

1rt
0
0
0 0 0 0 0

Pool
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Riffle

0

0 0

0
0
0
0
0
0

Pool
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Riffle 0 0 0 0 0

Pool
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Riffle
0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

Pool
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Riffle 0 0 0 0 0

Pool
0
0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

Riffle
0
0

0

0 0 0 0 0
Pool 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Riffle
0
0
0 0 0 0 p

Pool
O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Riffle
0
0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Pool
0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
AVERAGE 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.2 4.97 3.97 82.60 73.17 154.4 6.24 3.3175
AVERAGE pool slope -0
1
.
0.0 1.4 0.8
Averse riffle slope 2.4 1.9 -0
1
.
1.6
Avg. Pool length 82.6 Avg. Riffle length 73
2
.
AVG.depth
Total Pool length 413 48% Total Riffle length 439 52% 852 =TOTAL
range for pools 3.98 6.26
range for riffles 3.19 4.75
Water surface sk)pe from head of 1 st riffle to bottom of last Dool Valley slope from head of 1 st top of bank to last
distance = 852 distance = 852
top = 91 1 st top of bank = 97.6
bottom = 83.78 last top of bank= 89.39
7.22 difference from top to bottom of the valley 8.21 difference from top to bottom of the valley
Water Surface Slope= 0.0085 Valley Slope = 0.009636
r
O
Fit.
.
0.
FM
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CD
O J
Longitudinal Profile of Barnhill Site
X-sect 1
100 riffle pool
98 - _
_
O --
-
--
-
-
94 ----- - -
-
:
- - _
_
:- _--_-.--:.-:---:-.'--.'.__
-_ -:-------------------

> 92 .
---- ------------------- - =
d 90 - ----- ----------.------------------------
W 88 _
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300
Distance (ft.)
Longitudinal Profile of Barnhill Site
X-sect 2
96 riffle
pool

94 '
- -- ----- - - - - - -

92 -- - - - - ---- _
-- - -- -•.._ --- ------------- -------- } -- --------------
... --
90 +--------- -_..-..._
m - --------- .----...._.._--
> -------- ----
---

86 -----------
-?-------------
290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520
Distance (ft.)
X-sect 3 Longitudinal Profile of Barnhill Site
X-sect 4 X-sect 5
94 riffle pool riff le pool riffle pool riffle

92
90
0 88
= 86
> 84
--_---
LL 82 ----••
80 ,
520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860
Distance (ft.)
Thalwag elevation AL .................................................................., Bankfull elevation
?------------ -------* Water Surface elevation 0 ------------------------- Ip Top of Bank elevation
Longitudinal Profile of Barnhill Site
X-sect 1 riffle
pool
94 ---- -------------------------- A ------.......................----.............................------------. •
o 92
> 90
d
W 88 ..
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300
Distance (ft.)
Longitudinal Profile of Barnhill Site
X-sect 2
94 riffle pool
92 • - - -- -- - --- -- - - ---- -- - ------
90 ------ - - -•--- . ...................
> 88
m
W 86
290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520
Distance (ft.)
x-sect 3 Longitudinal Profile of Barnhill Site X -sect 4 X-sect 5
riff le pool riffle pool riff le ool riffle
*J 91
c 89
0 87
= 85
> 83
0 81
•- - • -- • -- -- • -- -i------ ---• - ---- • - ---

W 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860
Distance (ft.)
Thalwag elevation AL .............. .................................................... Bankfull elevation
Boundaries, cross-section locations and planned structures for the Barnhill mitigation site.
?O
a
Is
?a
?o
Coo /"00

ridge
Conservation Easement Line
Represents a boulder
Cross-vane
Represents a boulder vane
an 2 1
Cross-sections 0000
3
'
.... :i 4 5
Represents Boulder
Bank Stabilization
(See structure diagrams)
Little Ivy Creek Banks
Cut and Fill Quantities for the Barnhill site
I SITF• I ittle IVPV Creek - Ramhill Site
Left Bank Right Bank
Description of X-sect. Distance Cut-area Total d Fill-area Total d Cut-area Total d Fill-area Total d
7+86 on L1 28.3 31.9
100 97.6 134.6
8+24 on L1 24.4 40.8

TOTAL 97.6 134.6
This project will also include the construction of 4 or 5 vanes and 2 cross-vanes. Each vane may
require 15 to 25 boulders and each cross-vane 30 to 50 boulders. Structure construction will
require as many as 200 boulders. In addition the above calculations are for a section of steep
verticle bank where we will rebuild a floodplain to the bankfull elevation. This will require 150
boulders. Boulders will be hauled from the 1-26 highway project. Based on the average boulder
weighing 500 pounds the total weight of the 350 required boulders will be 87.5 tons. This should
require approximately 10 to 15 trips to move all of the boulders to the site.
Stream Bank Profiles
showing grading, erosion controls, and vegetation
Typical grading and erosion control components for medium stress areas.
Natural Fiber Matting: 4 to 9 feet wide,
constructed of biodegradable materials.
Bankfull elevation
normal water level
elevation
..............
Typical plantings and vegetative components for medium stress areas.
12" coir fiber roll or straw roll with stakes every
2'. Placed at elevation of interherm feature-
Rooted trees, 2' to 6' tall.
Species specified on the
attached list of plant materials.
Live stakes 6" to 2' in length. Herbaceous vegetation as specified
Species specified on the in the attached list of species to be
attached list of plant materials. planted.
Typical grading and erosion control components for low stress areas.
Typical plantings and vegetative components for low stress areas..
I Herbaceous vegetation as specified in the I
attached list of species to be planted.
Rooted trees, 2' to 6' tall. Species specified V I J
on the attached list of plant materials. V y V
I Live stakes 6" to 2' in length. Species specified on I
the attached list of plant materials.
Natural Fiber Matting: 4 to 9 feet wide,
constructed of biodeeradable materials.
Floodplain creation on steep vertical banks.
<<<< t i t t i
} S } } } } } Y
> T } S >
S >
{ t
Rooted trees, 2' to 6' tall. Species specified
on the attached list of plant materials.
Remove if possible.
`>`> > > Existin
bank
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1.><Y<J<><><Jt)t>t
<> !t>t3 >?><T?)2>t
> > > J T J T >
t i t <{ t< f f
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J>>>J
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tt<<<<t
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T f J } >

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Large boulders placed at the foot of steep, vertical banks to build
out a floodplain. The top of the floodplain should be at the bankfull
elevation. Soil covers the boulders and is planted with vegetation.
The top of the bank is sloped when possible.
I Existing bank
Live stakes 6" to 2' in length.
Species specified on the
attached list of plant materials.
??

Diagrams of Structures
that may be constructed
Rootwad Bank Stabilization
Plan View of Rootwad

Bc
1. Trees used for rootwads will be hardwoods and have a 4
foot diameter or greater rootfan attached to an app. 10 to 12
foot trunk.
2. Rootwads may be placed on the out-side of bends where
the water current is hitting the bank (plan view).
3. Installation sequence:
a. A hole long enough to accept the tree trunk is dug and a
footer log placed parallel to the stream and just back from
the edge of the stream edge.
b.Root wads are laid into the hole with the fans facing into the
current and the footer behind the rootfan. The number of
rootwads used will vary with the size of the stream.
c. Boulders and soil are placed on the truck to weigh it
down and anchor it in place. Soil should be packed
around the trunk.
d.A top log should be placed across the top of the trunks
and the installation covered with soil and compacted.
e.Footer rocks may be installed downstream of the log to
Rootwads are 10-12 foot hardwood logs with root fan
attached. Log is buried with fan into the current.

Footer rocks embedded in stream bed to support log. Rock
should be >_ 2 feet in diameter.

Cross-section View of Rootwad
Top Log
Rock Vane Bank Stabilization
1. Rock Vanes are constructed from rocks that are ?2 feet in
diameter or larger than the rocks normally moved by the
stream.
2. Rock Vanes point upstream. They reduce stress in the
near bank region and are constructed at locations that
need bank protection. Vanes increase the stage on the
near bank and move the flow toward mid-stream.
3. Vanes are built at a 20 ° to 30° angle from the near bank.
4. Vanes slope from the bankfull elevation into the bed of
the stream at a 5 to 15% slope. The length of the Vane is
dependent on the bankfull stage.
5. Footer rocks are placed downstream of the primary rocks
and give them support.
Bankfull
A
5 - 10% slope _ r
c2J
r--j
Flow O
O ?O,
B Footer Rocks
Channel bed
-?Y Scour hole I i l l l l ?_i 1_
Channel Sub-Pavement
Bankfull Stage
A
Footer Rocks
Variations of the Rock Vane Design
Bankfull Channel Width
,g/3 width
20°-30°
"J" HOOK VANE STRUCTURE
This structure is built like a rock vane with the addition
of off-set rocks on the mid-stream end to create a
structure in the shape of an upside-down J. This forms
and maintains a deep hole.
Construction follows the sequence for a rock vane. At
1/3 the bankfull channel width "hook" of rocks is
added. These rocks should be at an elevation that is 5-
10% of the bankfull elevation. They should be off-set
enough to form gaps were high-velocity currents move
through. These currents maintain the pool that should
be dug below the "hook". Footer rocks should be
placed below all primary rock for support and to
avoid under-cutting.
Rocks in this area are at 5 - 10%
of the bankfull elevation.
1/3 width
Bankfull Channel Width
1/3 width
1/3 width
20
t Scour Hole
Rocks in this area are at 5 - 10%
of the bankfull elevation.
& --*primary rock
CROSS VANE STRUCTURE
This structure is built like a double rock vane with a low
rock weir across the middle 1-3 of the stream connecting
the two vane like arms. This structure moves the
thalwag to the center of the stream, maintains a deep
hole and may provide spawning gravel at the tail of the
downstream pool.
-? footer rock
Construction follows the sequence for a rock vane
coming off each side of the stream. At 1 /3 the bankfull
channel width a connecting cross section of rocks is
added. These rocks should be at an elevation that is 5-
10% of the bankfull elevation. Footer rocks should be
placed below all primary rock for support and to avoid
under-cutting.
Erosion Control Mat Installation
Beginning and End of Sides of the Mat
Mat anchored in 6"D anchored with side
x 6"W trench. staple 6" deep.
6"D --
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
•---------------
----------------
----------------
-__---_ $- -_-___
----------------
-----------------
---------------
6" Overlap stapled
through both mats and
every 4" across.
1. Prepare soil before installing blankets,
including application of fertilizer, seed and
straw.
2. Stream edge of mat located at Bankfull
elevation.
3. Begin at the top of the channel by anchoring
the blanket in a 6" deep X 6" wide trench.
Backfill and compact the trench.
4. Roll center of mat in direction of water flow.
Staple every 2 feet across and down.
5. Place blankets end over end (shingle style)
with a 6" overlap. Use a double row of
staggered staples 4" apart to secure blankets.
6. Full length edge of blankets at top of side
slopes must be anchored in 6" deep X 6"
wide trench. Backfill and compact the
trench after stapling.
7. Adjoining blankets on side slopes must be
overlapped 6" and stapled every 12".
8. The terminal end of the mat must be
anchored in a 6" deep X 6" wide trench.
Backfill and compact the trench.
Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft 01/05/00
Riparian Seeding and Planting Guidelines
For NCWRC Mitigation Program
These guidelines will provide the methods to be used for reestablishing riparian vegetation at
NCWRC mitigation sites. They will include seedbed preparation, nutrient enhancement,
temporary seeding, permanent seeding, and erosion control. Methodology for planting sod mats,
live stakes, and trees will also be presented.
Herbaceous Vegetation
Sod mats
Prior to sloping stream banks within easement areas the sod on these banks will be removed.
Mats should be deep enough to contain a majority of the roots. These mats should be stockpiled
for later use. After banks are sloped the mats should be placed from the bankfull elevation down
to the normal water line or onto the interberm feature. Mats should be laid as close to one
another as possible and pushed into the under laying soil. Openings between mats should be
filled with soil and seeded with temporary seed mix. Mats should be fertilized at a rate of 25 lbs.
per 1000 sq. ft. and watered using a pump or by dipping water out of the creek with a clean
track-hoe bucket
Seed
Seedbed Preparation: On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be
adequately loosened and smoothed. This may require disking and dragging. On sites where
equipment cannot operated safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide
a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place. If seeding is done immediately following
construction, seedbed preparation may be required only on areas where heavy equipment has 7
caused compaction of the ground.
Fertilizing: Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded using a tractor
mounted fertilizer spreader or with a hand held fertilizer spreader. Uniformly mix lime and
fertilizer into the top 3 inches of the soil using a drag or hand rake. Where surface materials
are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation is required. Apply lime and fertilizer
according to soil test or at the following rates.
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Lime 100 lbs. 2 ton
18-46-00 Fertilizer* 12 lbs. 500 lbs.
*(half of fertilizer will be applied in fall at planting and other half in spring)
Seeding:
Temporary seeding - Use where needed for erosion control, when permanent vegetation
cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established. Apply the following vegetation at the
listed rates.
Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft 01/05/00
Fall, Winter, and Spring Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Japanese Millet '/2 lb. 20 lbs.
Winter Wheat 1 lbs. 40 lbs.
Summer Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Sudangrass 1 lb. 40 lbs.
Browntop Millet 1 lb. 40 lbs
Permanent Seeding - Use in combination with woody plantings on the up-slope side of
the riparian area and down to the bankfull elevation. This mixture can be planted at any time but
will do best in spring or late fall. Spring planted seed should be treated with a cold wet chill
process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a lightly sown cool
season annual to hold soil and does not need to be chilled. Seeding should be done evenly over
the area using a mechanical or hand seeder. A drag should be used to cover the seed with no
more than '/2 inch of soil. Where a drag can not safely be utilized the seed should be covered by
hand raking.
All seasons: WNC Riparian Diversity Mix (as described on the attached sheet)
'/4 lb. per 1000 sq. ft. and 10 lbs. per Acre
Erosion Control: All seeded areas, areas disturbed by heavy equipment, or other areas disturbed
by mitigation activities should be protected from erosion by installation of erosion control
blankets or matting. The area 6.5 feet above the bankfull elevation should be stabilized using
either a coir fiber mat or coir/straw blanket. A 4 ft. wide jute blanket should be installed up-
slope of the 6.5 ft. strip. All of these materials should be installed and stapled according to the
attached diagram and instruction. Staples should be installed on a 2 ft. spacing.
Woody Vegetation
Live stakes (unrooted material)
Live stake material should be dormant and gathered locally or purchased from a reputable
commercial supplier. Stakes should be '/z to 3 inches in diameter and living based on the
presence of young buds and green bark. Stakes should be kept cool and moist to improve
survival and to maintain dormancy. Stakes should be driven into the ground using a rubber
hammer or by creating a hole and slipping the stake into it. The ground around the stake should
be firmed against the stake after planting. Stakes should be placed so that 75% of the stake is
below the ground and 2 or 3 buds are above ground. Stakes should be planted on a 2 - 3 foot
spacing and at a density of 160 - 360 stakes per 1000 sq. ft.
Bare rooted or potted stock
Care and handling: Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored.
These plants should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot
2
Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft 01/05/00
stock should be kept moist during planting operations. Bareroot material should only be
planted during Winter and early Spring. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all
times. Do not let roots freeze or dry out prior to planting.
Site Preparation: The soil in the area of tree planting should be loosened to a depth of at least 1
foot. This is only necessary on hard compacted soil.
Planting:
On site material - Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally
growing.
Potted stock - Planting should be done mechanically or by hand using a shovel. The planting
trench or hole must be deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down
without J-rooting. Potted stock should be planted in a hole 2-3 times the diameter of the root
ball and at the same depth as the root ball. When setting plants, be certain to plant them high.
Locate the root ball on solid soil and not loose backfill. Wire baskets do not need to be
completely removed from large field grown trees. Be sure to remove plastic liners or synthetic
burlap materials. Construct an earthen dam 4-6 inches high around the drip zone area of the
plant after planting. This will allow for self watering and runoff will be minimized.
Bare rooted stock - Bare rooted material can be planted using a hoedad or a dibble bar (see
diagram below). Planting slits for bare rooted material should be 6-8 inches in diameter and
should be at least 8-12 inches deep. Damaged roots should be trimmed. Plants should be
placed with the root collar slightly below the soil surface. Holes and slits should be closed
completely, including and especially at the bottom of the hole.
Guidelines for Planting Bare-Root Piant4
While trar-pxrting Fonts, keep the roots damp and oLr? of
the s.r. Carek* separate ft plants and, 9 neccessay,,
mine up to one-d-sd of the rcpt system. To make an ade- \
gt kite hole +cr pianting, use a plan g dbbie bar or shcwd.
1 Dig a hole deep eraigh so the roots rerr straight
and spread out. If available, place fertiter n the hole. \ +'
•2 Set to seedfing Ti V)e hole.
3 Close hcte at bottom and tcp tAh
dtble tar or st?l ?n dirt abme
root ocAar.
4 Make sue ft tmrk is straight
and IaLn2_31Vs&1_tQQJmi
air wqke% Watsr thcrtx,gt,y

Spacing of rooted Woody Vegetation - the following guidelines should be used for spacing
rooted woody vegetation.
Type sp acing # per 1000 sq.. ft
Shrubs, less than 10 ft. in height 3 - 6 ft. 27- 111
Shrubs and Trees, 10 -25 ft. in height 6 - 8 ft. 15 - 27
Trees greater than 25 ft. in height 8 - 15 ft 4-15
Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft 01/05/00
Plant List
Herbaceous, permanent seed mixture labeled "WNC Riparian Diversity Mix"
% Common Name Botanical Name
5.00% Sensetive Fern Onoclea sensibillis
2.50% Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium fistulosa
2.50% Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata
2.50% Eastern Gamagrass Tripascum dactyloides
5.00% Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovirens
5.00% Hop Sedge Carex lupilina
10.00% Rice Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides
2.50% Soft Rush Juncus effusus
2.50% Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus
2.50% Three Square Spikerush Scirpus americanus
10.00% Va Wild rye Elymus virginicus
10.00% Woolgrass Scirpus cypemus
2.50% Deertongue Panicum clandestinum
5.00% Button Bush Cephalanthus occidentalis
5.00% Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
2.50% Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia
5.00% Silky Dogwood Comus amomuin
2.50% Winterberry Ilex verticillata
2.50% Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica
2.50% Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
2.50% Red Maple Acer rubrum
2.50% Pin Oak Quercus palustris
2.50% Wild Black Cherry Prunus serotina
2.50% Silver Maple Acer saccharium
This mixture was taken from the list of plants that begins on the following page. It was created
from a database compiled by TVA and distributed on CD format as a product called "Banks &
Buffers" (Tennessee Valley Authority. 1996. Banks & Buffers, A guide to selecting native
plants for streambanks and shorelines; Riparian Plant Selector, Version 1.0; Environmental
Research Center and Clean Water Initiative, Muscle Shoals, AL.). As more information
becomes available we will add to this list in an effort to encompass as many riparian species
native to Western North Carolina as possible.
Shrub and tree species listed on the following pages will be planted at mitigation sites as either
live stakes, potted stock, balled stock or bare root stock. These plantings will take place in the
winter or early spring. Spacing suggestions should be used as guidelines, but can be varied
depending on species requirements and landscape objectives. For example species that are
commonly found growing in clumped distributions should be planted that way. It is desirable for
the final distribution of trees and shrubs to have a more natural, random appearance. In order to
accomplish this exact spacing should be avoided and mixing of various species should be done.
4
Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft 01105100
Plants native to the riparian and wetland areas of Western North Carolina
Type Common Name Scientific Name Flooding Light Wetlan d pH wildlife region
val.
I American Pillwort Pilularia americana Reg sun obli 0-7 birds all
I Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea Irreg to reg Part to shade Fac.wet 0-7 birds all
1 Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia areolata seas to reg all obli less birds all
I Royal Fern Osmunda regalis seas to reg Part to shade obli 0-7 birds, sm all
I Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis Irreg to reg all facu 0-7 birds all
2 American Lotus Nelumbo lutea reg to perm sun oblig 0-7 birds,SM all
2 American Pondweed Potamogeton nodosus perm sun oblig 7 birds,SM all
2 Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia seas-perm sun to shade oblig all B, Sm all
2 Broad-leaf Cattail Typha latifolia seas-perm sun oblig all B, Sm all
2 Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis irreg-seas sun fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Hollow Joe-pye-weed Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 birds all
2 Narrow-leaf Cattail Typhaangustifolia seas-perm sun oblig all B,Sm all
2 Pickerelweed. Pontederia cordata seas-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Spotted Touch-me-not Impatiens capensis irreg-seas part.sh fac.wet 0-7 B, Sin all
2 Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata irreg-reg sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Swamp Rose Mallow Hibiscus moscheutos seas-reg sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Virginia Blueflag Iris virginica seas-perm sun oblig 0-7 birds all
2 Water Plantain Alisma subcordatum seas-perm sun oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Waterwillow Justicia americana reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 White Waterlily Nymphaea odorata reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Yellow Cowlily Nuphar luteum reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
3 Creeping Spikerush Eleocharis palustris seas-perm sun-part. oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovi seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Hop Sedge Carex lupulina seas-reg sun-part. oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Rice Cutgrass Leersia oryzoides reg-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Cane Arundinaria gigantea irreg-seas sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Oats Chasmanthium latifolium irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Slender Spikerush Eleocharis acicularis seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Soft Rush Juncus effusus seas-perm sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Square-stem Spikerush Eleocharis quadrangulata seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Three-square Bulrush Scirpus americanus seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Virginia Wildrye Elymus virginicus irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
3 Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
Bluet Houstonia serpyllifolia
4 Bushy St. Johnswort Hypericum densitlorum irreg-seas sun-part fac.wet 0-7 birds all
4 Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis seas-perm sun-part oblig all B,Sm,Lm all
4 Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens irreg part.-shade fac.upl 0-7 B,Sm all
4 Yellowroot Xanthorhiza simplicissima irreg-seas part.-shade fac.wet 0-7 birds all
5 American Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana irreg part fac upl 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Brookside Alder Alnus serrulata irreg-reg sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
5 Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana irreg part fac upl all B,Sm all
5 Carolina Willow Salix caroliniana seas-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Common Pawpaw Asiminia triloba irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 Sm all
5 Elderberry Sambucus canadensis irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Silky Dogwood Cornus amomuin irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet all B,Sm all
5 Silky Willow Salix sericea irreg-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lni all
5
Seeding and Planting Guidelines Draft
5 Spicebush Lindera benzoin
5 Winterberry Ilex verticillata
5 Sweet Azalea Rhododendron arborescens
5 Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense
6 American Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana
6 Eastern Hornbeam Ostrya virginiana
7 Baldcypress Taxodium distichum
7 Black Walnut Juglans nigra
7 Black Willow Salix nigra
7 Blackgurn Nyssa sylvatica
7 Boxelder Acer negundo
7 Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides
7 Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
7 Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos
7 Persimmon Diospyros virginiana
7 Red Maple Acer rubrum
7 Red Mulberry Morus rubra
7 River Birch Betula nigra
7 Silver Maple Acer saccharinum
7 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua
7 Sycamore Platanus occidentalis
7 American Basswood Tilia americana
7 Eastern Hemlock Tsuga canadensis
Plant Typ e
Fern or fern allies I
Em, float, or wed herb 2
Grass, sedge, or rush 3
Small Shrub 4
Large Shrub 5
Small Tree 6
Large Tree 7
01/05/00
irreg-seas part.-shade fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg-reg part.-shade fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg part fac wet acid B,Lm F,H,Lt
irreg-seas all facu acid B,Sm all
irreg part.-shade fac. Upl 0-7 B,Sm all
all sun - part oblig 0-7 birds all
irreg sun - part fac upl 0-7 Sm all
seas perm sun oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-reg all oblig-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 birds all
irreg-reg all fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-seas sun - part facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-reg all obli-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-seas part - shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg - seas sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg - reg sun facu 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg - seas sun - part fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg all fac upl 0-7 B,Sm Ho,F,Lt
6
Mitigation Site Monitoring Protocol Draft 01/24/00
Mitigation Site Monitoring Protocol
for the
NCWRC/NCDOT Mitigation Program

In 1998 the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Comm' n (WRC) and the North Carolina
Department of Transtw;th (DOT) began w g together to accomplish stream mitigation
requirements associarps of Engineers (COE) 404 permits for various state
highway projec .Sttoratio eing under taken at several sites within the state to
fulfill these mitiga i ments. This work involves making improvements to stream
reaches so that the stream channel is more stable and provides better fish and wildlife habitat.
Restoration work will provide long-term improvements to these sites because they are being
placed in conservation easements and maintained by DOT (short-term) and WRC (long-term).
In order to assess the accomplishment of these objectives this monitoring protocol has been
developed and will be employed at each site.
Environmental components monitored in this program will be those that allow an evaluation of
channel stability and improvements to fish habitat. Specifically we will evaluate channel
stability, erosion control, shading, seeding, woody vegetation plantings and at some sites, the
response of fish and invertebrate populations. This will be accomplished using photo reference
sites, measurements of air and water temperature, measurements of stream shading, stream
dimension and profile, survival of planted vegetation, and direct sampling of important
populations. ( ?kk 0
Photo Reference Sites ?r
Photographs used to evaluate reference sites will be made pre-, during, and post-construction.
Reference sites should be photographed twice a year for at least 5 years following construction.
Reference photos should be taken in winter and summer at approximately the same date and
under similar weather conditions. After construction has taken place, reference sites should be
permanently marked with stakes, above the bankfull elevation. Detailed notes and a map
describing the location of reference points should be made
Longitudinal reference photos: The stream will be photographed beginning at one end of the site
and moving to the other end with photographs taken at delineated locations. Reference photo
locations should be marked and described for future reference. Points should be close enough
together to get an over all view of the reach. The angle of the shot will depend on what angle
provides the best view and should be noted and continued in future shots. Reference points
should not be changed unless absolutely necessary. When reference photos have to be moved
the new position should be as close as possible to the old with changes noted. The new position
should be used in all future photos.
Lateral reference photos: Reference photo transects should be established based on criteria which
is described in the initial monitoring data summary and followed in subsequent data collections.
Most often these may be the reference cross-sections. Permanent photo points should be
demarcated using wooden stakes and duplicated each year. Photographs will be taken of both
banks at each transect. The transect line will be centered in the photographs of the bank.
Photographers should make an effort to consistently maintain the same area in each photo over
Mitigation Site Monitoring Protocol Draft 01/24/00
time. Photos of areas that have been treated differently should also be included; for example two
different types of erosion control material used. This will allow for future comparisons.
Success Criteria: Photographs will be used to subjectively evaluate channel aggradation or
degradation, bank erosion, success of riparian vegetation and effectiveness of erosion control
measures. Longitudinal photos should indicate the absences of developing bars within the
channel or an excessive increase in channel depth. Lateral photos should not indicate excessive
erosion or continuing degradation of the bank over time. A series of photos over time should
indicate successional maturation of riparian vegetation. Vegetative succession should include
initial herbaceous growth, followed by increasing densities of woody vegetation and then
ultimately a mature overstory with herbaceous understory.
Channel Stability
Cross-sections: At least 4 permanent cross-sections will be established, measured and plotted to
indicate how the banks and channel were modified. These cross-sections may be at the same
location as ones taken to develop construction plans or they may be different. New cross-
sections should be developed to monitor structures or features that may have an increased risk of
failure. Each cross-section should be marked on both banks to establish the exact transect
location. A common benchmark should be used for cross-sections and consistently used to
facilitate easy comparison of year to year data. Data should be taken at a scale that allows the
evaluation of bank and channel changes. Photos of each cross-section should be made. Data
should be collected once a year for the first 5 years and then as needed after this to evaluate
stability of the bank and channel.
Longitudinal Profile: A longitudinal profile will be developed for each site prior to construction.
This profile will be duplicated each year and the year to year data compared. The beginning and
end of each profile should be well demarcated and the length should be at least 20 bankfull
widths.
Pebble Counts: An evaluation of bed material changes will be made by doing a pebble count
along at least two of the reference cross-sections. A 100 particle sample will be collected at each
cross-section. Particles will be randomly selected according to standard procedures. Particle
size distributions will be compared to initial pebble counts and to year to year samples.
Success Criteria: Judgements of success or failure of restoration activities using this data will be
subjective. There should be minimal changes in as built cross-sections and longitudinal profiles.
If changes do take place they will be evaluated to determine if they represent a movement toward
a more unstable condition (down-cutting, deposition, erosion) or are minor changes that
represent an increase in stability (settling, vegetative changes, decrease in width/depth ratio).
Unstable conditions that require remediation will indicate failure of restoration activities. Pebble
count data should indicate a reduction in fine bed material if the project is successful.
Vegetative Cover
One objective of the mitigation program is to increase the quantity of shade, through vegetative
cover of the stream. This will be accomplished by planting herbaceous and woody vegetation
along the riparian zone. As this vegetation grows and matures the stream should become more
2
Mitigation Site Monitoring Protocol Draft
01/24/00
and more shaded, the air temperature along the stream corridor should become more stable and
water temperatures should not rise in the affected reach. We will evaluate project impacts to
these environmental variables by monitoring air and water temperature and shade.
Shading: Improvements to shading of the stream will be evaluated by monitoring the change in
light penetration over time. Light penetration will be measured along each reference cross-
section. A light meter will be used to measure the light at the ground or water surface, and at 1
meter above the ground and water surface along the cross-section. Measurements will be taken
along the left bank at a point outside of the conservation easement, at the top of the stream bank,
and in mid-channel. On channels greater than 10 feet in width, measurements will also be taken
at the waters edge. The right-bank will be used when the left-bank has not been altered.
Individuals collecting this data should wear light colored clothing and hold the light meter
horizontal and perpendicular to the ground. The sun should be at the 12:00 position from the
meter with the collecting individual at the 6:00 position. The date, time of day and weather
conditions should be duplicated in samples taken year to year. Any factors, other than vegetative
shading, that might affect measurements should be noted and controlled year to year.
Temperature: The ability of planted vegetation to thermally stabilize mitigation site riparian
zones will be evaluated by monitoring both water temperature and air temperature. Temperature
will be sampled using StowAway® XTI recording thermometers made by Onset Computer
Corporation. These thermometers will be placed upstream and downstream of the site reach and
will record water temperature every hour. They will be deployed by the 1" of August each year
to record the water temperature during August and September. Streams in Western North
Carolina usually are the warmest during these months and begin to cool by the end of September.
Water temperature will be recorded prior to construction and each year during the 5 year
monitoring period. Shading effects on air temperature will be evaluated by recording air
temperature along each reference cross-section. Air temperature will be recorded at each
location that light penetration is measured and each measurement will be taken at 1 meter above
the ground or water surface. Temperature stability will be measured using StowAway®
recorders to measure air temperature in the shade at hourly intervals for seven consecutive days.
This temperature stability measurement will be done along one of the randomly selected
reference cross-sections, at points outside of the easement and within the easement (at the top of
the stream bank).
Success Criteria: Comparisons of air temperature and shading should indicate a lower
temperature and increased shading within the easement area when compared to points outside of
the easement. Water temperature should decrease, or at least be constant, as it moves through the
mitigation site. This difference may not be found until riparian vegetation grows to the point that
it is shading the stream. Temperature stability data should indicate that the riparian zone has a
less variable temperature regime than a site outside of the vegetated buffer. Reference data from
existing riparian zones in excellent condition, needs to be developed to provide targets for
shading and thermal buffering of restored sites.
Plant Survival
Survival of vegetation will be evaluated using survival plots or direct counts. Coverage by the
cover crop will be evaluated at regular intervals the first 2 months following construction.
Mitigation Site Monitoring Protocol Draft
01/24/00
Seeded areas will be subjectively evaluated using photographs of at least 4 survival plots. Plots
will be 1 meter square and photos will be taken at least twice a year, in winter and summer.
Survival of live stakes will be evaluated using at least 3 plots. Plot size should allow for
evaluating at least a total of 100 live stakes. Evaluations of live stake survival will continue for
at least 3 years before success or failure is accessed. All bare rooted trees will be enumerated
and flagged. Trees will be examined twice a year in winter and spring. Survival will be
determined during the second summer after planting.
Success Criteria: When seeded vegetation does not show satisfactory germination and plant
density, plans should be made to either sow more seed, fertilize the site or both. Successful
growth of seeded vegetation will be based on 75% coverage in photos of survival plots. Success
of live stake plantings will require an 80% survival rate, based on sample plots. Success of bare
rooted trees will require an 80% survival rate, based on examination of all planted trees. An
attempt will be made to replace all dead bare rooted trees. 11 l l ,?
Biological Indicators - S
Fish and invertebrate population data will not be taken at all mitigation sites as a measure of /N
success or failure of the mitigation work. These populations can be influenced by factors that a v
local stream mitigation project can not change, i.e., predators, off site conditions, upstream water
quality. Because of these influences these populations will not be used to assess success or /?? (f
failure for most sites. However, we may use data on these populations when a number of f ?.'yQ,,,C ?'
projects are in one watershed and restoration activities are extensive enough to influence these
populations. When mitigation work can be done throughout the watershed these populations can
provide an assessment tool for the success of the work. These populations can provide insights
on the overall health of the stream and the need for habitat improvement. When these
populations can be evaluated on a watershed basis and at a mitigation site, a marked difference at
the site might indicate that local conditions are limiting populations at the site and on site work
can improve the populations. In this case monitoring of important populations is warranted.
When sampling of these populations is needed we will utilize standard procedures. Quantitative
fish population samples will follow the 3 pass depletion method employed by the WRC to
evaluate trout populations. Qualitative fish population sampling will utilize the Index of Biotic
Integrity method used by the Division of Water Quality. Invertebrate sampling will follow the
methods prescribed by the Division of Water Quality (Penrose 2000). Monitoring reports
utilizing this data should explain its need and how it will be used to evaluate any mitigation
work.
Success Criteria: For a restoration project to be deemed a failure based on fish and/or
invertebrate populations, data should indicate a negative trend in the population. An explanation
of how mitigating factors other than the restoration work may have influenced the important
populations should be provided in the data analysis. Success would be indicated when
populations remain the same or improve.
4
Mitigation Site Monitoring Protocol Draft 01/24/00
Criteria used to evaluate the success or failure of activities at mitijzation sites and actions that will be taken when failure occurs.
Measurement Success (requires no action) Failure -? Action
Photo Reference Sites
Longitudinal Photos No significant* aggradation, Significant* aggradation, When significant* aggradation, degradation or erosion occurs,
Lateral Photos degradation or erosion degradation or erosion. remedial actions will be undertaken.
Channel Stability
Cross-sections
Longitudinal Profiles
Pebble Counts
Vegetative Cover
Shading
Water Temperature
Temperature Stability
Minimal evidence of instability
(down-cutting, deposition,
erosion, decrease in particle size)
Water and air temperature should
decrease and shading should
increase over time
Significant* evidence of
instability
When significant* evidence of instability occurs, remedial
actions will be undertaken.
Plant Survival
Survival Plots
Stake Counts
Tree Counts
No change in air, water,
or shade measurements.
Reasons for failure will be evaluated and remedial action
plans developed and implemented.
?75% coverage in photo plots <75% coverage in photo plots Areas of less than 75% coverage will be reseeded and or
>_80% survival of stakes, 4/m2 <80% survival of stakes, 4/m2 fertilized, live stakes and bare rooted trees will be replanted
>_80% survival of bare rooted trees <80% survival of trees to achieve >_80% survival.
Biological Indicators (only used for projects with potential to make watershed level changes)
Invertebrate Populations Population measures remain the Population measures indicate Reasons for failure will be evaluated and remedial action
Fish Populations same or improve. a negative trend. plans developed and implemented
Overall success or failure will be based on success in 3 of the 5 criteria or 3 of the 4 criteria when biological indicators are not used
* Significance or subjective determinations of success will be determined by a majority decision of the Mitigation Review Team.
Notes for Contractors
The following notes are specific 'to the Taylor Barnhill mitigation site construction plan.
Any aspect of this plan that is unclear to interested contractors should be pointed out to the
NCWRC and resolved before the contractor bids on this project.
Contractor's Responsibilities
• Follow construction plans and work schedule set by WRC staff. Any conflicts that arise
should be brought to the attention of Micky Clemmons, Stream Mitigation Coordinator.
• Follow the instructions of the WRC staff regarding the implementation of this plan. Staff
will be on site during construction to direct all activities.
• Provide equipment and operators needed to complete earth moving and stream structure
construction. Provide labor to do erosion control installation, including coir roll, fiber mat,
spreading hay or straw mulch and seeding.
• Be prepared to work Monday through Friday, unless work is canceled by WRC staff, due to
poor weather conditions.
• The contractor is responsible for any damage that occurs to the landowner's property.
• The contractor and its employees are to be diligent in keeping the site clean. Trash and waste
such as bags, cans, cigarette butts, grease, etc., should be removed at the end of every work
day.
• Arrive at the construction site at the specified time prepared for the days work. If the
contractor or his employee's can not work on a particular day the contractor should inform
the WRC staff 24 hours in advance, or in an emergency situation, prior to the beginning of
the workday. Failure of the contractor to notify the WRC staff of work delays will result in
liquidated damages being assessed against the contractor in accordance with the contract.
Equipment to be Provided by the Contractor
• Track hoe and operator
• Front end loader and operator (if needed)
• Dump Truck and operator (if needed)
WRC Responsibilities
• Provide construction plans and direct implementation of plan with supervision.
• Obtain Army Corps of Engineers 404 and 401 approval.
• Provide rootwads, logs, rock, boulders, fill dirt, and erosion control materials and confirm
that they are stockpiled at the work site prior to the startup date.
• Be on site while contractor is working to guide work.
• Conduct tree planting and live stake planting during the dormant season.
Construction Sequence
• Upon awarding of this contract, WRC will contact the successful bidder and establish a
starting date.
• Contractor should use the first day to move equipment on to the project site along routes
designated by the "C.
• Construction will begin at the upstream end of the project. Existing vegetation will be
removed and stockpiled as sod mates.
• Banks will be sloped according to the plans.
• Coir rolls will be placed at the bankfull elevation and pined in place with stakes.
• Sod mats or parts of the mat will be placed back on the banks when possible.
• After slope preparation, the site will be seeded and straw spread over bare ground areas. An
erosion control mat will be placed over the area and tacked to the ground according to
specifications.
• At sites requiring structure installation, the WRC will have materials on site and will direct
the construction of the structure.
• If needed, the WRC will designate a spoil site.
• WRC and the contractor will make a final inspection to insure that the site is complete.
• After the final inspection and WRC approval of construction, equipment will be removed
along approved routes on the final day.
Time
Work is slated to beg' in May 2000, an? be completed within 30 days of project initiation.
Delays due to bad we r will beat discretion of the WRC staff.
Requested Bid
Contractors that are interested in bidding on this project should submit a bid based on their cost
per hour for each type of equipment (including operator) and any other costs that the contractor
will expect WRC to cover. It is acceptable for the contractor to stipulate the minimum number
of hours required by them to make the job cost effective. WRC staff will stipulate a maximum
number of hours that can be worked under this project contract based on the accepted bid. The
contract will stipulate that compensation to the contractor will be made in 2-week intervals and
at completion, based on daily work records kept by the contractor and signed by WRC staff.
Generally, daily work will be for 8-10 hours.