20200323 Ver 1_U-5794 Wilson No NRHP Archaeological Sites Present Form_20200303

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
NO NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
'i° ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
•f� , �•
t PRESENT FORM a
°..' This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this project. It is not k ;'•t ; i' .
°�• ',.�' valid for Historic Architecture and Landscapes. You must consult separately with the Historic - a
Architecture and Landscapes Group.
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project No: U-5794 County: Wilson
WBS No: 44365.1.1 Document: MCDC
F.A. No: n/a Funding: ® State ❑ Federal
Federal Permit Required? ® Yes ❑ No Permit Type: Not Listed
Project Description: The NCDOT is proposing to widen SR 1309 (Bloomery Road) and SR 1383
(Packhouse Road) from US 264 Alternate to NC 58 near the Wilson Airport FicuuE 1). (Note: All
mapping and photodocumentation for the project is presented in Appendix A.) The corridor will be
upgraded to a 2-lane undivided road with paved shoulders and sidewalks that will require at least 90 ft of
ROW. Existing ROW is variable, but measures 60 ft for a majority of the corridor. The total length of the
proposed project is about 3.4 miles (18,030 ft). The overall Area of Potential Effects (APE) encompasses
about 1,622,700 square feet (37.3 acres) inclusive of the existing roadway. Any work to be conducted
along the intersecting road (Y-lines) will be within the existing ROW.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Archaeology Group reviewed the subject
project and determined:
X❑ There are no National Register listed or eligible ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES present
within the project's area of potential effects. (Attach any notes or documents as needed)
❑ No subsurface archaeological investigations were required for this project.
❑ Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources.
❑X Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources
considered eligible for the National Register.
❑X All identified archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and all
compliance for archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project.
rY Date
February 19, 2016
NCDOT ARCHA LOGIST
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-SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions:
Background Research Summary: The records search conducted by the NCDOT in September 2015 found
that there were no previously recorded sites in the project study corridor and that no comprehensive
archaeological survey had been conducted along the Bloomery/Packhouse Road study area. However, the
NCDOT search found that five archaeological sites are located in close proximity to the project. Of these,
three (31 WL233, 234, and 235) are located south of the intersection of US 264 Alternate and SR 1309
(Bloomery Road). These sites yielded artifacts (steatite bowl fragments, Morrow Mountain II and Savannah
River projectile point/knives) that are indicative of a Middle to Late Archaic period occupation (Joy 1995,
1996).
NCDOT also found that there is one known historic ca. 1830 architectural resource (White House —
WL1655) located within or adjacent to the APE near the Bloomery/Packhouse Road intersection. The
NCDCR records for this resource report that it is a "classic modest antebellum farmhouse with
extremely unusual stone chimneys unlike anything else in Wilson County" (Onho 1981). At the time
of the archaeological survey for this road improvement project, the APE within the vicinity of
WL1655 was landscaped (FiGuRE 2).
During the background research, the NCDOT used topographic maps, historic maps, USDA soil survey
maps, and historic orthophotography to determine environmental factors that may have contributed to
historic or prehistoric settlement within the project limits and to assess the level of modern, slope,
agricultural, hydrological, and other erosive disturbances within and surrounding the archaeological APE. As
a result of this analysis, NCDOT determined that the project APE is located on relatively flat terrain in the
Inner Coastal Plain region of North Carolina and that four soil types (Norfolk, Goldsboro, Duplin, and
Marlboro) within the project APE have potential to contain intact archaeological deposits and are consistent
with the environmental and geological setting of documented archaeological sites nearby.
Based on previous archaeological work that has been conducted near the project, a review of historic maps
and aerial imagery, and an analysis of soil conditions within the project, the NCDOT determined that
specific sections of the APE should be the focus of a formal archaeological investigation that would
consist of (1) a visual inspection of the entire APE and (2) systematic excavation in high- and moderate -
probability areas that are identified as well -drained to moderately well -drained soils. FiGuRE 3 shows the
high- and moderate -probability areas identified by the NCDOT.
Survey (Visual Inspection and Transect Shovel Testing) Summary: The visual inspection of the project
APE was conducted by Legacy Research Associates (Legacy) on January 18, 2016, and was followed on
January 19-22, 2016, with an intensive archaeological survey of the high- to moderate -probability areas
identified on project mapping by the NCDOT.
A review of historic aerial photographs on Google Earth Pro and the Wilson County GIS aerial imagery
conducted by Legacy prior to the field investigations identified six locations that had the potential for
historic structures within or adjacent to the project APE; four of the locations were along Bloomery Road
and two on Packhouse Road. All six locations were visually inspected during the survey.
The four locations on Bloomery Road were adjacent to or outside the APE and were not inspected
with subsurface tests or surface collections of artifacts. These include 4811 Bloomery Road FIGURE
4 and FIGURE 5); the Taylor Farm at 4828 Bloomery Road FIGURE 6 and FIGURE 7); the George Page
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Farmstead at 4948 Bloomery Road FIGURE 8 FIGURE 9, FIGURE 10) that according to local
informants had been razed in January 2016; and an abandoned structure at 4969 Bloomery Road
(FIGURE 11 and FIGURE 12).
The two potential historic sites on Packhouse Road include a farmstead just outside the APE near the
intersection with Aviation PI NW (SR 1311) (FIGURE 13) and a farm complex on the south side of
Packhouse Road near the abandoned Ellis Chapel Church (FIGURE 14). Both of these potential
resources are discussed further in this report.
In addition, background research for architectural resource WL1655 (White House) found a report
that there is a "white graveyard on the property" (Onho 1981). This resource is not located in a high -
to moderate -probability area identified by the NCDOT and was not shovel tested during the survey.
However, during the visual inspection of the project APE, this location was closely examined; no
evidence of a graveyard was found in or near the project APE.
A description of the systematic excavation in the high- to moderate -probability areas follows. Project
mapping (APE boundaries, site locations, and positive/negative shovel test locations) for these survey areas
are identified on FIGURE 15, FIGURE 16, FIGURE 17, and FIGURE 18. These maps also depict the locations of the
six razed/abandoned structures mentioned above.
Transect 1
Transect 1 was located on the west side of Bloomery Road about 527 ft (160 m) south from the intersection
with Packhouse Road FIGURE 18). The survey area is about 580 ft (177 m) long. At the time of the
investigation the survey area was a cleared agricultural field with 60-70 percent ground surface visibility
(FIGURE 19). Soils at this location are Norfolk loamy sand with 0-2 percent slope (NoA) and Goldsboro
sandy loam with 0-2 percent slope (GoA).
Five (n=5) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals on a 180-degree bearing, roughly parallel to
Bloomery Road, working north to south (FIGURE 18). There was no recovery of cultural material from
Transect 1.
T1 ST 1: 0-28 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 28-70 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5A) sandy loam
T1 ST 2: 0-14 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 14-30 cm mottled dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy
loam and yellowish brown (1 OYR 5A) sandy loam; 30-40 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5A) sandy loam
T1 ST 3: 0-16 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 16-24 cm mottled dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy
loam and yellowish brown (1 OYR 5A) sandy loam; 24-33 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5A) sandy loam
T1 ST 4: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 10-25 cm mottled dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy
loam and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; 25-30 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam
T1 ST 5: 0-48 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 48-72 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/6) sandy loam
Transect 2
Transect 2 was located on the north side of Packhouse Road about 742 ft (266 m) east of the intersection
with Bloomery Road (FIGURE 17). The survey area is about 370 ft (113 m) long to the edge of the woodland
(Note: the remainder of this high- to moderate -probability area was inspected by Transect 4). At the time of
the investigation the survey area was a cleared agricultural field with 60-70 percent ground surface visibility
(FIGURE 20). Soils at this location are Norfolk loamy sand with 0-2 percent slope (NoA).
Five (n=5) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals on a 60-degree bearing working west to east
(FIGURE 17). There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 2.
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T2 ST 1: 0-48 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 48-76 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam; 76-
80 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T2 ST 2: 0-30 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 30-40 cm light yellowish brown IOYR 6/4) sandy loam
T2 ST 3: 0-22 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 22-30 cm light yellowish brown 10YR 6/4) sandy loam
T2 ST 4: 0-23 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 23-29 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam; 29-
37 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T2 ST 5: 0-43 cm very dark grayish brown (I OYR 3/2) sandy loam; 43-65 cm very light brownish gray (1 OYR 6/2)
sandy loam; 65-76 cm mottled very light brownish gray (I OYR 6/2) and yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy
loam into the watertable
Transect 3
Transect 3 was located on the south side of Packhouse Road about 2,550 ft (777 m) east of the intersection
with Bloomery Road (FiGuRE 17). The survey area is about 580 ft (176 m) long. At the time of the
investigation the survey area was a cleared agricultural field with 40-50 percent ground surface visibility
(FIGURE 21). Soils at this location are Norfolk loamy sand with 0-2 percent slope (NoA).
Six (n=6) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals on a 64-degree bearing working west to east (FIGURE
17). There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 3.
T3 ST 1: 0-27 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 27-43 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; 43-
51 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T3 ST 2: 0-5 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 5-30 cm brown (10YR 5/3) sand; 30-50 cm light
yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sandy clay loam
T3 ST 3: 0-15 cm dark brown (I OYR 5/3) sandy loam; 15-25 cm light yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sandy loam with
iron concretions; 25-30 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay
T3 ST 4: 0-23 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam with some mottling with yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4)
sandy loam; 23-32 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 514) sandy loam; 32-42 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy
clay
T3 ST 5: 0-17 cm dark brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; 17-29 cm light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy loam; 29-33
cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T3 ST 6: 0-20 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam with some mottling with yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4)
sandy loam; 20-24 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam; 24-34 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4) sandy
clay
Transect 4
Transect 4 was located on the north side of Packhouse Road about 2,500 ft (760 m) east of the intersection
with Bloomery Road FIGURE 17). The survey area is about 1,520 ft (464 m) long. At the time of the
investigation, the location of ST 1-5 was within a cleared utility line corridor with limited ground surface
visibility and disturbance from underground utilities and driveways and ST 6-19 were located in a woodland
with dense secondary growth and no ground surface visibility FIGURE 22). Soils at this location are Norfolk
loamy sand with 0-2 percent slope (NoA) and Goldsboro sandy loam with 0-2 percent slope (GoA).
Nineteen (n=19) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals on a 64-degree bearing working east to west
(FIGURE 17). There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 4.
T4 ST 1: 0-20 cm mottled reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay (extensively
disturbed). Excavation was halted at 20 cm bs.
T4 ST 2: 0-15 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 15-20 cm brown (10YR 513) sandy loam mottled with
yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam; 20-40 cm light yellowish brown (1 OYR 6/4) sandy clay loam that
grades to hard -packed sandy clay at 45 cm bs
T4 ST 3: 0-10 cm brown (I OYR 4/3) sandy loam; 10-21 cm light yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
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T4 ST 4: 0-10 cm very dark grayish brown (I OYR 3/2) sandy loam; 10-20 cm brown (I OYR 5/3) sandy loam; 20-40 cm
light yellowish brown (I OYR 4/6) sandy loam; 40-48 cm light yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sandy clay
T4 ST 5: near new driveway, gas line, and underground utility line, offset 15m west, 0-7 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR
4/2) sandy loam; 7-22 cm light yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sandy loam; 22-40 cm yellowish brown (I OYR
5/6) sandy clay loam
T4 ST 6: 0-18 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam mottled with yellowish brown (I OYR 514) sandy loam;
18-46 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 514) sandy loam; 46-53 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T4 ST 7: 0-10 cm humus; 10-20 cm grayish brown (I OYR 5/2) sandy loam; 20-60 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4)
sandy loam grading to dense sandy clay subsoil
T4 ST 8: 0-30 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 30-40 cm dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 4/6) wet sandy
loam
T4 ST 9: 0-7 cm humus: 7-25 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 24-45 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4)
sandy loam grading to dense dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 4/4) sandy clay subsoil
T4 ST 10: 0-5 cm humus; 5-35 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 35-42 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
sandy loam; 42-50 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T4 ST 11: 0-10 cm humus; 10-35 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 35-40 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR
5/4) sandy loam grading to dense yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay subsoil
T4 ST 12: 0-4 cm humus; 4-40 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 40-50 cm brownish yellow (I OYR 6/8)
sandy loam
T4 ST 13: 0-6 cm humus; 6-15 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam 15-30 cm dark yellowish brown (1 OYR
4/4) sandy loam; 30-55 cm mottled dark yellowish brown (I OYR 4/4) sandy loam and yellowish brown (I OYR
5/6) sandy clay
T4 ST 14: 0-30 cm disturbed (near fire hydrant and push pile). Soil consists of mottled dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2)
sandy loam and yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4) sandy loam
T4 ST 15: 0-4 cm humus; 4-12 cm very dark grayish brown (I OYR 3/2) sandy loam, 12-20 cm light brownish gray
(I OYR 6/2) sandy loam; 20-45 cm light yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sandy loam grading to yellowish brown
(I OYR 5/4) sandy clay subsoil
T4 ST 16: 0-5 cm humus; 5-33 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; 33-41 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
sandy loam; 41-51 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay
T4 ST 17: 0-3 cm humus; 3-33 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/3) sandy loam; 33-53 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4)
sandy loam; 53-63 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T4 ST 18: 0-6 cm humus: 6-23 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/3) sandy loam; 23-42 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
sandy loam grading to sandy clay loam at 54 cm bs
T4 ST 19: 0-8 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 8-33 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; 33-
45 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay, very wet
Transect 5
Transect 5 was located on the south side of Packhouse Road. The transect begins about 434 ft (132 m) west
of Crepe Myrtle Court and continues to about 550 ft east of Crepe Myrtle Court (FIGURE 16). At the time of
the investigation the transect area west of Crepe Myrtle Court was a cleared agricultural field with 60-70
percent ground surface visibility and the area to the east of Crepe Myrtle Court was wooded wetland
(FIGURE 23). Soils at this location are Marlboro (MaB) in the field at the southwest end of Transect 5 and the
remainder is Duplin (DpA) sandy loam.
Nine (n=9) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals following the alignment of Packhouse Road
working west to east FIGURE 16). Two of the nine shovel tests were in a wetland area at the east end of the
transect line; these were only excavated to a depth of 10 cm to determine the presence of wetland soils.
There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 5.
T5 ST 1: 0-30 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 30-40 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam
T5 ST 2: 0-25 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 25-40 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sand
T5 ST 3: 0-20 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 4/6) sandy loam; 20-31 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4) sandy loam
T5 ST 4: 0-27 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 27-36 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sand
T5 ST 5: 0-32 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 17-29 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/6) sandy loam
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T5 ST 6: 0-20 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 20-32 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam
grading to yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay
T5 ST 7: 0-2 cm humus; 2-13 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 13-30 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4)
sandy loam (very wet)
T5 ST 8: 0-10 cm wetland, organic zone over hydric soil
T5 ST 9: 0-10 cm wetland, organic zone over hydric soil
Transect 6
Transect 6 was located on the north side of Packhouse Road. The survey area began about 731 ft (223 m)
east of Crepe Myrtle Court and ended at the intersection of Packhouse Road and Crepe Myrtle Court
(FIGURE 16). At the time of the investigation the survey area was a cleared agricultural field with 50-60
percent ground surface visibility (FIGURE 24). Soils at this location are Duplin (DpA) sandy loam.
Nine (n=9) 30-m interval shovel tests covered the Transect 6 survey area FIGURE 16). Six of the potential
nine shovel test locations were excavated; the remaining three were not excavated due to extensive pools of
water in the agricultural field. There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 6.
T6 ST 1: 0-20 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 30-35 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam
T6 ST 2: 0-35 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 35-45 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam
T6 ST 3: 0-23 cm dark brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; 23-35 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam
T6 ST 4: 0-20 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 20-35 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam
T6 ST 5: 0-10 cm dark brown (I OYR 5/3) sandy loam; 10-20 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam
T6 ST 6: 0-23 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 23-38 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam
T6 ST 7: not excavated, inundated
T6 ST 8: not excavated, inundated
T6 ST 9: not excavated, inundated
Transect 7
Transect 7 was located on the south side of Packhouse Road across from the Christian School. The transect
covers about 1,018 ft (310 m) of agricultural field and 325 ft (99 m) of woodland (FIGURE 16). At the time of
the investigation the agricultural field had 50-60 percent ground surface visibility; there was no surface
visibility in the woodland FIGURE 25, FIGURE 26, and FIGURE 27). Soils at this location are Marlboro (MaA)
sandy loam.
Ten (n=10) 30-m interval shovel tests covered the Transect 7 survey area (FIGURE 16). Working west to east,
nine of the possible 10 shovel test locations along this transect were excavated; ST 8 was in a driveway and
was not excavated. There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 7.
T7 ST 1: 0-4 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 4-20 cm grayish brown (I OYR 5/2) sandy loam with iron
concretions; 20-36 cm pale brown (I OYR 6/3) sandy clay into the watertable
T7 ST 2: 0-35 cm dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 35-46 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/3) sandy loam
T7 ST 3: 0-3 cm humus; 3-30 dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 4/4) sandy loam; 20-30 cm pale brown (1 OYR 6/3) sandy
loam with iron concretions; 30-35 cm strong brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay
T7 ST 4: 0-25 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 25-35 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 514) sandy loam
T7 ST 5: 0-34 cm dark brown (1 OYR 5/3) sandy loam; 34-43 cm light yellowish brown (1 OYR 6/4) sandy loam
T7 ST 6: 0-2 cm humus; 2-10 cm grayish brown (I OYR 5/2) mottled with iron concretions; 10-30 cm yellowish brown
(1 OYR 5/8) sandy clay mottled with grayish brown (1 OYR 5/3) sandy loam and iron concretions, possible
filled wetland
T7 ST 7: 0-3 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 3-23 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 4/6) sandy loam;
23-31 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
T7 ST 8: not excavated, driveway area disturbed
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T7 ST 9: 0-3 cm humus; 3-6 cm modern clay fill; 6-30 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 30-40 cm
yellowish brown (I OYR 5/8) sandy clay loam
T7 ST 10: 0-36 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 4/6) sandy loam; 36-46 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam
Transect 8
Transect 8 was located on the south side of Packhouse Road just west of the intersection with James Town
Drive (FIGURE 15). The survey area is about 670 ft (204 m) long. The first 264 ft (80 m) between James
Town Drive and Aviation Place NW (SR 1311) has been disturbed by ditching and grading. The remaining
406 ft (124 m) crosses through a small pine grove that is bisected by an abandoned driveway that led to a
former house site that is outside the APE FIGURE 28). The former house site appears on contemporary USGS
topographic maps and Google Earth aerial imagery (FiGuRE 14); however, no archaeological evidence of the
house occupation was found in the APE during shovel testing. Soils at this location are Norfolk (NoA) sandy
loam.
Seven (n=7) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals following the alignment of Packhouse Road
working east to west (FIGURE 15). There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 8.
T8 ST 1: not excavated, disturbed by ditching and grading within the APE
T8 ST 2: 0-5 cm humus/sod; 5-20 cm mottled clay fill; excavation was halted at 20 cm bs
T8 ST 3: 0-2 cm humus; 2-23 cm mottled modern fill; 23-55 cm buried A horizon dark brown (I OYR 5/3) sandy loam;
55-65 cm light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy loam with iron concretions
T8 ST 4: 0-6 cm humus/sod; 6-18 cm mottled clay fill; 18-32 cm light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy loam with
iron concretions
T8 ST 5: 0-7 cm humus/sod; 7-12 cm mottled fill; 12-30 cm light yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sandy loam with iron
concretions
T8 ST 6: 0-25 cm mottled clay fill; 25-35 cm very compact dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 4/4) clay
T8 ST 7: 0-23 cm mottled clay fill; 23-30 cm very compact dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 4/4) clay
Transect 9
Transect 9 was located on the north side of Packhouse Road, roughly parallel to Transect 8. The survey area
is about 670 ft (204 m) long (FIGURE 15). At the time of the investigation the survey area was a cleared
agricultural field with 80-90 percent ground surface visibility (FIGURE 29). Soils at this location are Norfolk
(NoA) sandy loam.
Seven (n=7) transect shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals following the alignment of Packhouse
Road and working east to west (FIGURE 15). There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 9
shovel testing; however, cultural material was recovered from the surface collection (FIGURE 30). This
material is identified as 31WU71**, described in the Site Description section that follows.
T9 ST 1: 0-25 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 4/6) sandy loam; 25-28 cm brownish yellow (I OYR 6/6) sandy loam;
28-39 cm brownish yellow (I OYR 6/6) sandy clay
T9 ST 2: 0-20 cm brownish yellow (I OYR 6/6) sandy loam; 20-30 cm light yellowish brown (1 OYR 6/4) sandy loam
T9 ST 3: 0-19 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 4/6) sandy loam; 19-42 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sand; 32-
42 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
T9 ST 4: 0-10 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 4/6) sandy loam; 10-32 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sand; 42-
61 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
T9 ST 5: 0-4 cm dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 4/6) sandy loam; 4-27 cm dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 6/4) sand; 27-35
cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
T9 ST 6: 0-6 cm dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 4/6) sandy loam; 6-14 cm dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 6/4) sand; 14-20
cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
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T9 ST 7: 0-3 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 4/6) sandy loam; 3-6 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sand; 6-22
cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
Transect 10
Transect 10 was located on the south side of Packhouse Road about 1,976 ft (600 m ) northwest of Aviation
Place NW (SR 1311) FIGURE 15). The survey area is discontinuous with one 642 ft (198 m) long section and
189 ft (58 m) break associated with a house site, followed by a 148 ft (45 m) section (T10, ST 10) that ended
at a channelized drainage. In all, the subsurface testing along Transect 10 covered 790 ft (243 m). At the
time of the investigation the majority of the survey area was a cleared agricultural field with 40-50 percent
ground surface visibility (FIGURE 31); there were two very small woodland areas (92 ft/28 m and 124 ft/38 m
wide) near the western end of the transect. Soils along this transect are Goldsboro (GoA) sandy loam.
Nine (n=9) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals following the alignment of Packhouse Road
working west to east (FIGURE 151. There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 10.
T10 ST 1: 0-23 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 23-39 cm yellowish red (10YR 6/6) sandy loam
mottled with brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam
T10 ST 2: 0-15 cm very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/1) sandy loam; 15-45 cm light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
sandy clay loam; watertable at 45 cm bs
T10 ST 3: 0-19 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 19-30 cm brownish yellow (I OYR 6/6) sandy loam
mottled with brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy loam
T10 ST 4: 0-15 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam with some mottling with yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4)
sandy loam; bottom of the shovel test filled with water at 15 cm
T10 ST 5: 0-3 cm dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sandy loam; 3-39 brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam; 39-46
cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
T10 ST 6: 0-6 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 6-26 cm brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; 26-30 cm
strong brown (1 OYR 5/6) sandy clay mottled with light yellowish brown (1 OYR 6/4) sandy loam; bottom of
the shovel test filled with water at 30 cm bs
T10 ST 7: 0-29 cm dark yellowish brown sandy loam; 29-39 cm brownish yellow (I OYR 6/6); 39-48 cm yellowish
brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T10 ST 8: 0-22 cm dark yellowish brown sandy loam; 22-26 cm brownish yellow (I OYR 6/6); 26-33 cm yellowish
brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T10 ST 9: 0-12 cm dark yellowish brown sandy loam; 12-18 cm brownish yellow (I OYR 6/6); 18-30 cm yellowish
brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
Transect 11
Transect 11 was located in an agricultural field on the north side of Packhouse Road and just west of the
intersection with Crepe Myrtle Court FIGURE 16). The survey area is about 580 ft (176 m) long. At the time
of the investigation the survey area was a cleared agricultural field with 40-50 percent ground surface
visibility (FIGURE 32). Soils at this location are Duplin sandy loam (DpA).
Three (n=3) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals on a 64-degree bearing working west to east
(FIGURE 16). There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 11.
T11 ST 1: 0-22 cm yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sandy loam; 22-32 cm brownish yellow (1 OYR 6/6) sandy loam; 32-45
cm brownish yellow (I OYR 6/6) sandy clay
T11 ST 2: 0-5 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 5-30 cm brown (10YR 5/3) sand; 30-50 cm light
yellowish brown (I OYR 6/4) sandy clay loam
T11 ST 3: 0-3 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 3-25 cm yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sandy loam; 25-
49 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4) sandy loam; 40-50 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
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Transect 12
Transect 12 was located on the east side of Bloomery Road about 2,550 ft (777 m) east of the intersection
with Bloomery Road FIGURE 18). The survey area is about 580 ft (176 m) long. At the time of the
investigation the survey area included a cleared agricultural field with 40-50 percent ground surface
visibility, a recently razed farmstead FicuRE 9 and FIGURE 8), a mowed grass area, and a recently logged and
plowed area with early- to late -twentieth-century artifacts (FIGURE 33). Soils at this location are Goldsboro
sandy loam with 0-2 percent slope (GoA).
Ten (n=10) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals on a 64-degree bearing working north to south.
There was no recovery of cultural material from shovel testing on Transect 12; however, an extensive trash
dump with early- to late -twentieth-century materials on recently plowed wet soil covered the southern 393 ft
(120 m). This area was not shovel tested, but recorded as archaeological site 31WL372** and is described in
the Site Description section of this report.
T12 ST 1: 0-22 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 4/6) sandy loam; 22-30 cm brownish yellow (IOYR 6/6) sandy loam;
30-45 cm brownish yellow (IOYR 6/6) sandy clay
T12 ST 2: 0-5 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 5-30 cm brown (10YR 5/3) sand; 30-50 cm light
yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sandy clay loam
T12 ST 3: 0-23 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 6/6) sandy loam; 23-40 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy loam;
40-50 yellowish brown (IOYR 6/6) sandy clay
T12 ST 4: 0-15 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 15-30 cm light gray 10YR 7/1) sandy loam; 30-55 cm
strong brown (IOYR 5/8) sandy clay
T12 ST 5: 0-3 cm dark grayish brown (IOYR 5/2) sandy loam; 3-18 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 54/6) sandy loam;
18-28 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay mottled with white (IOYR 8/1) sand
T12 ST 6: 0-7 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 7-27 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay
mottled with dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam
T12 ST 7: 0-14 cm dark grayish brown (IOYR 5/2) sandy loam; 14-28 cm dark yellowish brown (10YR 54/6) sandy
loam; 28-42 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay mottled with white (IOYR 8/1) sand
T12 ST 8: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (IOYR 4/2) sandy loam; 10-23 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay
mottled with dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 23-30 strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay subsoil
T12 ST 9: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (IOYR 5/2) sandy loam; 10-31 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 54/6) sandy
loam; 31-40 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay
T12 ST 10: 0-37 cm very dark grayish brown (IOYR 3/2) sandy loam; 37-45 cm light gray (IOYR 7/2) sandy loam;
watertable encountered at 45 cm bs
Transect 13
Transect 13 was located on the south side of Packhouse Road about 1,812 ft (552 m) southwest of Crepe
Myrtle Court (FIGURE 17). The survey area is about 411 ft (125 m) long, of which 164 ft (50 m) is
agricultural field with 60-70 percent ground surface visibility (FIGURE 34) and the remaining 247 ft (75 m)
is pine woodland with evidence of old fields that had deeply plowed furrows (FIGURE 35). Soils at this location
are Marlboro sandy loam (MaB) and Duplin sandy loam (DpA).
Five (n=5) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals working east to west ffiguRE 17). There was no
recovery of cultural material from Transect 13.
T13 ST 1: 0-27 cm dark grayish brown (IOYR 4/2) sandy loam; 27-43 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 514) sandy loam;
43-51 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay
T13 ST 2: 0-5 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 5-30 cm brown (10YR 5/3) sand; 30-50 cm light
yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sandy clay loam
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T13 ST 3: 0-15 cm dark brown (IOYR 5/3) sandy loam; 15-25 cm light yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sandy loam with
iron concretions; 25-30 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay
T13 ST 4: 0-23 cm dark grayish brown (IOYR 4/2) sandy loam with some mottling with yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4)
sandy loam; 23-32 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy loam; 32-42 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4) sandy
clay
T13 ST 5: 0-15 cm dark brown (IOYR 5/3) sandy loam; 15-25 cm light yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sandy loam with
iron concretions; 25-30 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay
Transect 14
Transect 14 was located on the north side of Packhouse Road about 1,609 ft (490 m) southwest of Crepe
Myrtle Court (FIGURE 17). The survey area is about 618 ft (188 m) long, of which 277 ft (85 m) is
agricultural field with very little ground surface visibility FIGURE 36 and FIGURE 37). Soils at this location
are Duplin sandy loam (DpA).
Five (n=5) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals on a 64-degree bearing working west to east
(FIGURE 17). There was no recovery of cultural material from Transect 14.
T14 ST 1: 0-27 cm dark grayish brown (IOYR 4/2) sandy loam; 27-43 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 514) sandy loam;
43-51 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay
T14 ST 2: 0-5 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 5-30 cm brown (10YR 5/3) sand; 30-50 cm light
yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sandy clay loam
T14 ST 3: 0-15 cm dark brown (IOYR 5/3) sandy loam; 15-25 cm light yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sandy loam with
iron concretions; 25-30 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay
T14 ST 4: 0-23 cm dark grayish brown (IOYR 4/2) sandy loam with some mottling with yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4)
sandy loam; 23-32 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy loam; 32-42 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy
clay
T14 ST 5: 0-17 cm dark brown (IOYR 5/3) sandy loam; 17-29 cm light yellowish brown (1OYR 6/4) sandy loam; 29-33
cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay
Transect 15
Transect 15 was located on the north side of Packhouse Road about 1,609 ft (490 m) southwest of Crepe
Myrtle Court (FIGURE 15). The survey area is about 618 ft (188 m) long, of which 277 ft (85 m) is
agricultural field with very little ground surface visibility FIGURE 38). Soils at this location are Goldsboro
sandy loam with 0-2 percent slope (GoA).
Eighteen (n=18) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals west to east (FIGURE 15). Cultural material
was identified on the ground surface during the reconnaissance survey. To complete the systematic
inspection of the survey area and address the presence of the cultural resources, shovel testing began at 15-m
intervals for a distance of 150 in; this close -interval distance covered the extent of the surface scatter. Once
the 15-m interval shovel testing failed to yield additional cultural material for a distance of 30 in past the
artifact scatter, the shovel testing interval was expanded to 30 in for the remainder of Transect 15. The
artifact scatter is recorded as 31 WL370** and is discussed below in the Site Description section of this
report.
T15 ST 1: 0-22 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 4/6) sandy loam; 22-30 cm brownish yellow (IOYR 6/6) sandy loam;
30-45 cm brownish yellow (IOYR 6/6) sandy clay
T15 ST 2: 0-5 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 5-30 cm brown (10YR 5/3) sand; 30-50 cm light
yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sandy clay loam. Artifact recovery consisted of one amethyst bottle fragment
with mold seam from 5-30 cm bs.
T15 ST 3: 0-23 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 6/6) sandy loam; 23-40 cm yellowish brown (1OYR 5/4) sandy loam;
40-50 yellowish brown (10YR 6/6) sandy clay
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T15 ST 4: 0-15 cm dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 15-30 cm light gray 10YR 7/1) sandy loam; 30-55 cm
strong brown (I OYR 5/8) sandy clay. Artifact recovery consisted of one cobalt blue heat -altered body fragment
and one cream -colored refined earthenware rim fragment from 15-30 cm bs.
T15 ST 5: 0-3 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 5/2) sandy loam; 3-18 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 54/6) sandy loam;
18-28 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay mottled with white (I OYR 8/1) sand
T15 ST 6: 0-7 cm dark grayish brown (IOYR 4/2) sandy loam; 7-27 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
mottled with dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam. Artifact recovery consisted of one amethyst bottle
fragment and one aqua -tinted window pane fragment, 2.43 mm thick.
T15 ST 7: 0-14 cm dark grayish brown (1OYR 5/2) sandy loam; 14-28 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 54/6) sandy
loam; 28-42 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay mottled with white (I OYR 8/1) sand
T15 ST 8: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (1OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 10-23 cm yellowish brown (1 OYR 5/4) sandy clay
mottled with dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 23-30 strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay subsoil
T15 ST 9: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 5/2) sandy loam; 10-31 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 54/6) sandy
loam; 31-40 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay
T15 ST 10: 0-37 cm very dark grayish brown (1 OYR 3/2) sandy loam; 37-45 cm light gray (I OYR 7/2) sandy loam;
watertable encountered at 45 cm bs
T15 ST 11: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 10-23 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay
mottled with dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam; 23-30 strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay subsoil
T15 ST 12: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 5/2) sandy loam; 10-31 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 54/6) sandy
loam; 31-40 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T15 ST 13: 0-37 cm very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam; 37-45 cm light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy loam;
watertable encountered at 45 cm bs
T15 ST 14: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 10-23 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 514) sandy clay
mottled with dark grayish brown (1 OYR 4/2) sandy loam; 23-30 strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay subsoil
T15 ST 15: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 5/2) sandy loam; 10-31 cm dark yellowish brown (I OYR 54/6) sandy
loam; 31-40 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
T15 ST 16: 0-37 cm very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam; 37-45 cm light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy loam;
watertable encountered at 45 cm bs
T15 ST 17: 0-10 cm dark grayish brown (I OYR 4/2) sandy loam; watertable encountered at 14 cm bs
T15 ST 18: 0-14 cm very dark grayish brown (I OYR 3/2) sandy loam; watertable encountered at 14 cm bs
Transect 16
Transect 16 was located on the south side of Packhouse Road about 175 m northwest of Aviation PI NW (SR
1311) (FIGURE 15). The survey area is about 370 ft (113 m) long FIGURE 39 and FIGURE 40) that is bound on
the east and west by a deep (3-4 ft deep) irrigation trench. Soils at this location are Goldsboro sandy loam
with 0-2 percent slope (GoA).
Three (n=3) shovel tests were excavated at 30-m intervals in the APE on an east -to -west bearing following
the alignment of Packhouse Road FiGuRE 15). There was no recovery of cultural material from transect
shovel testing on Transect 16; however, aerial photographs indicate that as recently as 2007 this area had a
complex of buildings (FIGURE 13).
T16 ST 1: 0-20 cm disturbed mixed soil dark yellowish brown (I OYR 4/6) and dark grayish brown sandy loam (I OYR
4/2); 20-30 cm light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy loam; 30-40 cm yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay
T16 ST 2: 0-25 cm very dark brown (10YR 2/2) sandy loam; 25-32 cm light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy loam; 32-42 cm
mottled light gray (1OYR 7/1) and yellow (IOYR 7/2) sandy clay
T16 ST 3: 0-20 cm very dark grayish brown (I OYR 3/2) sandy loam; 20-25 cm yellowish brown (I OYR 5/4) sandy clay
with iron concretions subsoil
As a result of the systematic shovel testing described above, three archaeological sites (3 1 WU 70* * -
3 1 WU 72 * *) are recorded for this project. These sites are historic/modern artifact scatters that appear to
have limited potential to provide significant information about the history of the area. They are
recommended as being not eligible for the NRHP. A description of these resources, assessment of their
eligibility for the NRHP, and project recommendations follows.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Site 31WL370**
PERMANENT SITE NUMBER: 31WL370**
SURVEY AREA: Transect 15, Packhouse Road
UTM COORDINATES: Zone 18 N
ACCESSION NUMBER: 2016.0015
N3963689 E0232356 Winstead Crossroads SW
Elevation: 150 ft
SIZE: 20 m (65.6 ft) north -south x 70 m (238 ft) east -west
COMPONENT: Historic —Late 19th to 20th Century
within the APE. This site extends further to the north outside
the APE.
SOIL: Goldsboro sandy loam, 0-2% slope GoA
DESCRIPTION: Domestic Artifact Scatter
LANDFORM: Upland flat
NRHP-ELIGIBILITY RECOMMENDATION: Not Eligible
VEGETATION: None, agricultural field
This site is an extensive historic artifact scatter that was identified during the reconnaissance survey along
Transect 15 that lies on the north side of Packhouse Road approximately 903 ft (275 m) east of Hunting
Ridge Road NW (FIGURE 15) and across the road from an historic farm building FiGuRE 41). The majority of
the survey area between the existing right-of-way and the proposed right-of-way is an agricultural field with
60-70 percent ground surface visibility. Site soils are Goldsboro sandy loam with 0-2 percent slope (GoA).
Testing at 31WL370** was conducted at 15-m intervals west -to -east beginning a few meters east of a deep
irrigation ditch. Excavation was conducted at 15-m intervals from T15 ST 1 through the artifact scatter until
there was no surface evidence of the artifact scatter and two negative tests were encountered. The area to the
north of the surface scatter outside the APE was not tested, but a brief reconnaissance found that the surface
exposure of the site extended about 70 m to the north.
Ten (n=10) 15-m interval shovel tests were excavated to define site boundaries, to determine the presence or
absence of subsurface features or buried cultural horizons, and recover additional cultural material FiGup
42). Based on the results of shovel testing and the extent of the surface scatter of historic/modern artifacts the
site within the APE is defined as 20 m north -south by 70 m east -west.
Of these ten shovel tests excavated to assess the site, only four resulted in the recovery of additional cultural
material. No subsurface features or buried cultural horizons were identified in the shovel test excavation. A
description of the shovel testing at 31 WL370** is presented in the Transect 15 section above.
Surface reconnaissance resulted in the recovery of 42 historic/modern artifacts (TABLE 1; FIGURE 43 and
FIGURE 44). These include 29 ceramic artifacts, 12 glass artifacts, and one (n=1) plastic artifact. The ceramic
artifacts include undecorated porcelain (n=5); undecorated whiteware (n=18); indeterminate undecorated
whiteware/late pearlware (n=1), and stoneware with Albany slip glazed (n=3), light blue glaze (n=l), or
unglazed (n=1). Glass artifacts include Milk glass that is white (n=4), light green (n=1), and blue tinted
(n=1); colorless machine -made jar lid embossed "...LAS..." (n=1); a complete decolorized (possibly
selenium dioxide) small food coloring or flavoring bottle (n=1); aqua -tinted machine -made bottle base (n=1),
decolorized (manganese dioxide) bottle neck and finish fragment (n=l); and machine -made marbles (n=2).
In addition, one plastic handle fragment (possible kitchen utensil) was recovered.
Shovel testing recovered five artifacts from the upper zone (plow zone) (TABLE 2). Most of these artifacts are
glass (n=4), which include decolorized (manganese dioxide) bottle fragments (n=2), cobalt blue bottle
fragment (n=1), and window pane (n=1). The other artifact recovered from shovel testing is an undecorated
whiteware rim (n=1).
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Table 1. Site 31 WL370**, Surface Recovery Artifact Inventory.
Provenience
Component
Artifact Type
Description
Count
Weight (g)
Surface
lHistoric
JCeramic
porcelain, small vessel base, undecorated, possibly heat -altered
1
4.3
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
porcelain, thin body, undecorated
1
0.9
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
porcelain molded rim circular pattern, undecorated
1
4.8
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
porcelain, undecorated body
1
1.0
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
porcelain, heat -altered base
1
4.4
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
whiteware, undecorated rim with unidentifiable treatment
1
1.6
Surface
Vistoric
Ceramic
whiteware/late pearlware, undecorated, cup handle and body
1
2.0
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
whiteware undecorated body
13
25.4
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
whiteware plate base
3
12.3
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
whiteware undecorated rim
1
5.4
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
stoneware, undecorated, circular -shaped, indeterminate
1
17.1
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
stoneware, Albany slip glazed interior & Bristol glazed exterior, jar/crock base
1
55.3
Surface
Vistoric
Ceramic
stoneware, Albany slip glazed interior and exterior, body
1
10
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
stoneware body, Albany slip interior and Bristol glaze exterior
1
1.9
Surface
Historic
Ceramic
stoneware, light blue glaze body
1
2.9
Surface
Historic
Glass
Milk glass white indeterminate body
2
1.9
Surface
Historic
Glass
Milk glass white jar base, possible oval shaped with molded geometric design
1
22.0
Surface
Historic
Glass
Milk glass white jar base, possible oval shaped embossed "53" and "8"
1
14.5
Surface
Vistoric
Glass
Milk glass light green body
1
4.7
Surface
Historic
Glass
Milk glass light blue body
1
1.2
Surface
Historic
Glass
colorless, jar lid rim, stippled embossed "LA"
1
5.1
Surface
Historic
Glass
decolorized (selenium) bottle, 3 inches tall 1 inch wide rectangular shaped,
indeterminate finish possible cork
1
35.3
Surface
Historic
Glass
aqua -tinted bottle base, oval shaped
1
10.5
Surface
Historic
Glass
decolorized (manganese dioxide) bottle neck and finish
1
20.1
Surface
Historic
Glass
marble, orange & white swirl
1
0.8
Surface
Historic
Glass
marble, red, white, & blue
1
5.6
Surface
Vistoric
Plastic
possible handle, yellow color
1
1.6
Total
1 42
272.6
Table 2. Site 31 WL370**, Shovel Testing Artifact Inventory.
Provenience
Component
Artifact Type
Description
Count
Weight (g)
ST 2
(Surface)
Historic
Glass
decolorized (manganese dioxide) bottle with mold seam
1
1.7
ST 4 (0-28
Historic
Glass
decolorized (manganese dioxide) bottle
1
0.6
cm bs)
Historic
Glass
aqua -tinted window pane
1
1.0
ST 6 (0-17
Historic
Glass
cobalt blue bottle heat -altered body
1
1.3
cm bs)
Historic
Ceramic
whiteware undecorated rim
1
0.8
Total
5
5.4
The artifact assemblage from this site appears to represent a possible late -nineteenth to twentieth-century
domestic occupation with small representation of architectural activity (window pane from ST 4) and a
scattering of small brick fragments that were not recovered in the field during the surface reconnaissance.
The glass artifacts (decolorized selenium and manganese dioxide, cobalt blue, and milk glass) can date from
the late nineteenth century to the early 1900s; however, milk glass and cobalt blue glass continue to be
manufactured to the present day. The machine -made glass marbles can date from the early twentieth century
to present day. The ceramic artifacts are undecorated refined earthenware (whiteware and possible
Pearlware), undecorated porcelain, and Albany slip -glazed stoneware that may date from the early to mid -
twentieth century.
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The positive recovery of cultural material from the exposed ground surface within the APE covers an area
that is approximately 20 m north -south by 70 m east -west. The proximity of a farmstead structure on the
opposite side of the roadway at 5505 Packhouse Road (FIGURE 41) suggests the possibility that these artifacts
may be associated with that activity at that location.
In summary, the artifact recovery from this site was sparse; 47 artifacts from 1,400 square meter area (about
1/3 of an acre). The majority of the artifacts (89.4 percent) were recovered from the surface; artifacts
recovered from shovel testing (n=5) were in the plow zone. The area appears to have been extensively
disturbed by past cultivation and possibly construction associated with Packhouse Road.
Using Miller and Klein's system for ranking the research potential of nineteenth- and twentieth-century
farmstead sites (Miller and Klein 2001), the lack of visible structural information, no evidence of intact
features, and the scatter of primarily domestic and architectural artifacts suggests that this site contains
limited archaeological research potential and is recommended as being not eligible for the NRHP. No further
archaeological work is recommended, as the project is currently planned.
Site 31WL371**
PERMANENT SITE NUMBER: 31WL371**
SURVEY AREA: Transect 9, Packhouse Road
UTM COORDINATES: Zone 18 N
ACCESSION NUMBER: 2016.0016
N3963443 E0232805 Winstead Crossroads SW
Elevation: 150 ft
COMPONENT: Historic — Late 19'to Early/Mid-20"
SIZE: 20 m (65.6 ft) north -south x 45 m (148 ft) east -west
Century
within the APE. This site extends further to the north outside
the APE.
SOIL: Norfolk sandy loam, 0-2% slope NoA
DESCRIPTION: Domestic Artifact Scatter
LANDFORM: Upland flat
NRHP-ELIGIBILITY RECOMMENDATION: Not Eligible
VEGETATION: None, agricultural field
This site is a sparse historic artifact scatter that was identified during the reconnaissance survey along
Transect 9 that lies on the north side of Packhouse Road approximately 1997 ft (609 m) west of NC 58 N
(Nash Street North) and across from an abandoned driveway and razed farmstead FIGURE 14 and FIGURE
15). The majority of the survey area between the existing right-of-way and the proposed right-of-way is an
agricultural field with 60-70 percent ground surface visibility. Site soils are Norfolk sandy loam with 0-2
percent slope (NoA).
Testing at 31 WL371 * * was conducted at 15-m intervals east and west of the approximate center of the
artifact scatter (T9 ST 5) until two negative tests were encountered FIGURE 45). The area south of the artifact
scatter (between the edge of pavement and the existing right-of-way) has a steep slope and ditch area that
was not included in the site testing. The area to the north was not tested outside the APE.
Four radial shovel tests were used in conjunction with one transect shovel test (T9 ST 5) and the extent of
the surface scatter to define site boundaries within the APE. (Note: T9 ST 5 had no recovery of cultural
material; all the artifacts were recovered from the surface reconnaissance.) The positive recovery of cultural
material from the exposed ground surface within the APE covers an area that is approximately 20 m north -
south by 45 m east -west.
A description of the shovel tests excavated at the site follows.
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N500/E530: 0-5 cm dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sandy loam; 5-27 cm dark yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand;
27-35 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
N500/E515: 0-9 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 4/6) sandy loam; 9-27 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sand; 27-35
cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
N500/E500: T9 ST 5: 0-4 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 4/6) sandy loam; 4-27 cm dark yellowish brown (1 OYR 6/4)
sand; 27-35 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
N500/E485: 0-4 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 4/6) sandy loam; 4-23 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sand;
23-35 cm yellowish brown (10YR 514) sandy clay loam
N500/E570: 0-8 cm dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sandy loam; 8-22 cm dark yellowish brown (IOYR 6/4) sand;
22-35 cm yellowish brown (IOYR 5/4) sandy clay loam
Cultural material recovered during the investigation is indicative of historic/modern (n=10) domestic activity
(TABLE 3 and FIGURE 46). The historic/modern materials are ceramic vessel fragments (n=9) and a brick
fragment (n=1) that may be hand -made. The historic ceramics include Albany slip -glazed stoneware, gray
salt -glazed stoneware, white -glazed stoneware, thick bodied whiteware, thin -body undecorated porcelain,
heat -altered undecorated whiteware, undecorated white clay body coarse earthenware, and a rim fragment of
an undecorated coarse earthenware flower pot.
Table 3. Site 31 WL371 **, Surface Recovery Artifact Inventory.
Component
Artifact Type
Description
Count
Weight (g)
Historic
Ceramic
Albany slip -glazed stoneware body
1 1
9.2
Historic
Ceramic
Gray salt -glazed stoneware body
1
6.8
Historic
Ceramic
whiteware, thick -body, undecorated, body
1
6.6
Historic
Ceramic
Ironstone decorative handle and body
1
25.6
Historic
Ceramic
coarse earthenware undecorated flower pot rim
1
12.4
Historic
Ceramic
porcelain, thin body undecorated body
1
0.9
Historic
Ceramic
whiteware, possibly, heat altered, spalled glaze, undecorated body
2
4.1
Historic
Ceramic
hand -made brick
1
14.2
Historic
Ceramic
coarse earthenware, undecorated, white clay body
1 1
51.6
Total
1 10
131.4
The majority of these artifacts are indicative of late -nineteenth to mid -twentieth-century domestic activities.
The location of these artifacts across from a former house location suggests the possibility that there may be
some association. A review of the historic USGS maps found evidence of the razed house across the road
from 31WL370** on the 1902 Rocky Mount, NC, 1:62,500 (http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/). At that
time, Packhouse Road, on its current alignment, had not been constructed at this location. FIGURE 47 uses
the 1902 USGS topographic map and shows the approximate location of 31 WL371 **, the razed house, and
the approximate present-day alignment of Packhouse Road. It appears very likely that the few artifacts
recovered from 31 WL371 ** are associated with the occupation of the razed house that was identified in
1902.
Using Miller and Klein's system for ranking the research potential of nineteenth- and twentieth-century
farmstead sites (Miller and Klein 2001), the lack of visible structural information, no evidence of intact
features, and the scatter of primarily domestic and architectural artifacts suggests that this site contains
limited archaeological research potential and is recommended as being not eligible for the NRHP. No further
archaeological work is recommended, as the project is currently planned.
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Site 31WL372**
PERMANENT SITE NUMBER: 31WL372**
SURVEY AREA: Transect 12, Bloomery Road
UTM COORDINATES: Zone 18 N
ACCESSION NUMBER: 2016.0017
N3962306 E0229366 Winstead Crossroads SW
Elevation: 165 ft
SIZE: 85 m (279 ft) north -south x 8 m (26.25 ft) east -west
COMPONENT: Historic/Modem — Early/Late 20' Century
within the APE. This site extends further to the east outside
the APE.
DESCRIPTION: Domestic and Architectural Artifact
SOIL: Goldsboro sandy loam, 0-2% slope GoA
I LANDFORM: Upland flat
Scatter
NRHP-ELIGIBILITY RECOMMENDATION: Not Eligible
I VEGETATION: None, agricultural field
This site is an extensive historic/modern artifact scatter that was identified on January 20, 2016, during the
reconnaissance survey along Transect 12 that lies on the north side of Bloomery Road approximately
1,640 ft (500 m) south of the Packhouse Road intersection (FIGURE 18). A local informant, David Cockrell
at 4917 Bloomery Road — across from 31 WL372**, reported that this area had been recently logged and
cultivated and that one Bloomery Road resident was well-known to have used the former woodland as a
dumping ground for more than 30 years. The newly exposed and cultivated area had 100 percent ground
surface visibility. Site soils are Goldsboro sandy loam with 0-2 percent slope (GoA).
The boundaries of the artifact scatter were defined by surface reconnaissance. No shovel testing was
conducted in the wet and mucky soil. The soil appeared to be extensively disturbed by logging, cultivation,
and the recently erected modern utility poles.
Surface reconnaissance was conducted within the newly exposed area that measured approximately 361 ft
(110 m) north -south by 98.4 ft (30 m) east -west FIGURE 50). Cultural material was scattered throughout the
exposed area; however, an extensive scatter of brick fragments (hand -made and machine made) and asphalt
shingles appeared to be more concentrated at the northern 49 ft (15 m) of the artifact scatter. The positive
recovery of cultural material from the exposed ground surface within the APE covers an area that is
approximately 279 ft (85 m) north -south by 26.25 ft (8 m) east -west within the APE. Push piles of trash and
brick were noted along the edge of the woods to the east of the APE, which suggests that the artifact scatter
extends further eastward.
Cultural material recovered during the investigation is indicative of historic/modern (n=10) domestic activity
(TABLE 4 and FIGURE 51).
Table 4. Site 31WL372**, Surface Recovery Artifact Inventory.
Component
Artifact
Type
Description
Count
Weight
1(g)
Historic
JGlass
JCoke bottle, marked Raleigh NC with missing paper label embossed "64-92"
1 11401.3
Historic
Glass
Coke bottle, marked New Orleans LA embossed Coca Cola and embossed "61-01"
1
387.4
Historic
Glass
Duke mayonnaise jar colorless glass, threaded finish for screw cap without paper label 4 inch tall, 2 inch
diameter
1
188.1
Historic
Glass
Ponds milk glass face cream jar, 1/ inches tall, 2 inches wide, oval -shaped jar, threaded finish
1
92.1
Historic
Glass
possible medicine bottle rectangular -shaped with threaded finish, brown glass no embossing
1
104.00
Historic
Ceramic
whiteware modern feather edge rim
1
7.2
Historic
Glass
colorless beverage bottle (precursor of Dr. Pepper) with screen printed Circle "A"brand embossed
decorative logo around the shoulder
1
228.2
Total
1 711408.3
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Artifacts observed on the surface include brick, modern glass and plastic fragments. Only a few
representative artifacts (n=7) were collected from the site. These include two complete Coca-Cola bottles
(marked Raleigh NC and New Orleans LA), a colorless glass modern Duke mayonnaise jar, a white milk
glass Ponds face cream jar, a brown rectangular -shaped pharmacy bottle, a colorless Circle `A " (precursor
of Dr. Pepper) bottle with a purple -colored screen print image, and a fragment of modern whiteware.
The earliest diagnostic artifact recovered from the site is the Circle A bottle FIGURE 51). The Circle A
bottling company was founded in 1884 by Robert Lazenby, a beverage chemist, to bottle his Ginger Ale
invention and in 1885 added "Dr. Pepper's Phos-Ferrates" that became known as "Dr. Pepper." The
company was incorporated as the Artesian Manufacturing & Bottling Works in 1891 and was renamed the
Dr. Pepper Company in 1902.
The research potential of this site, within the APE, appears limited. Artifacts are very mixed with early to
mid -twentieth century artifacts and modern materials. There is extensive disturbance in the APE from utility
line construction, logging, and cultivation. There is also information from a nearby resident that when the
area was wooded it had been used for trash disposal. Although there is a brick scatter in a roughly defined
area, there is no visible structural information. This scatter of domestic and architectural artifacts appears to
contain limited archaeological research potential and is recommended as being not eligible for the NRHP.
No further archaeological work is recommended, as the project is currently planned.
References Cited
Joy, Deborah
1995 Archaeological Survey Report, widening SR 1157 (Merck Road) from SR 1158 (Wilson
Christian Road) to US 264, Wilson County, NC, TIP U-3346.
1996 Archaeological Testing, Sites 31 WL233, 31 WL234, and 31 WL235 within Alternative B-2,
widening SR 1157 (Merck Road) from SR 1158 (Wilson Christian Road) to US 264, Wilson
County, NC, TIP U-3346.
Miller, George L., and Terry H. Klein
2001 "A System for Ranking the Research Potential of 19th and 20th Century Farmstead Sites,"
Northeast Historical Archaeology Vol. 30-31: Issue 1, Article 12.
Mohler, Paul
2016 Archaeological Survey Required Form: NCDOT TIP U-5794, Wilson County, WBS
Number 44365.1.1. NCDOT Tracking Number 15-08-0018.
Ohno, Kate
1981 North Carolina Historic Structure Data Sheet. Site Name: White House, Wilson County.
Resource Number WL1655.
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
See attached: ® Map(s) ® Previous Survey Info ® Photos ❑Correspondence
Dwnk,Z)K�-
Signed: Deborah Joy
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Appendix A - Supporting Maps and Photographs
Figure 1. Project APE on the Winstead Crossroads, SW, NC, USGS topographic quadrangle map, 7.5-minute series.
................................................................................................................................................................20
Figure 2. White House (WL1655) landscaped area along the south side of Packhouse Road, view west toward
BloomeryRoad in 2016.........................................................................................................................21
Figure 3. Project APE with the high- to moderate -probability areas identified by the NCDOT.................................22
Figure 4. Unidentified farmstead at 4810 Bloomery Road (NE quadrant of the US 264 Alternate and Bloomery
Road) (Wilson County GIS aerial image 2007). Wilson County PIN 2793-94-2431.000.....................23
Figure 5. Unidentified farmstead, now razed, at the intersection of US 264 Alternate and Bloomery Road in 2016.23
Figure 6. Taylor Farmstead at 4828 Bloomery Road (Wilson County GIS aerial image 2007). Wilson County PIN
2793-96-405 8.000..................................................................................................................................
24
Figure 7. Taylor Farmstead at 4828 Bloomery Road, view east in 2016. Wilson County PIN 2793-96-4058.000.....24
Figure 8. George Page Farmstead at 4948 Bloomery Road (Wilson County GIS aerial imagery 2007). Wilson
County PIN 2793-87-8430.000..............................................................................................................25
Figure 9. Former George Page Farmstead at 4948 Bloomery Road, view north in 2016. Wilson County PIN 2793-
87-8430.000...........................................................................................................................................25
Figure 10. Former George Page Farmstead at 4948 Bloomery Road, view east in 2016. Wilson County PIN 2793-
87-8430.000...........................................................................................................................................26
Figure 11. Abandoned structure at 4969 Bloomery Road in the southeast quadrant of the Bloomery/Packhouse
intersection, view west in 2016. Wilson County PIN 2793-77-5448.000..............................................26
Figure 12. Abandoned structure in the southeast quadrant of the Bloomery/Packhouse intersection (Wilson County
aerial imagery 2016). Wilson County PIN 2793-77-5448.000...............................................................27
Figure 13. Razed farmstead near Transect 16 (Wilson County GIS aerial imagery 2010). Wilson County PIN 3704-
91-1796.000...........................................................................................................................................27
Figure 14. Razed house site near Transect 8 (Wilson County GIS aerial image 2003). Wilson County PIN 3704-91-
1796.000.................................................................................................................................................28
Figure 15. Project Mapping; Map 1 of 4 that depicts shovel test locations on Transects 8, 9, 10, 15, 16,and Sites
31WL370** and 31WL371** along Packhouse Road...........................................................................29
Figure 16. Project Mapping; Map 2 of 4 that depicts shovel test locations on Transects 5, 6, 7, and 11 along
PackhouseRoad.....................................................................................................................................30
Figure 17. Project Mapping; Map 3 of 4 that depicts shovel test locations on Transects 2, 3, 4, 13, and 14 and the
location of the historic architectural resource (White House - WL 1655) along Packhouse Road .........
31
Figure 18. Project Mapping; Map 4 of 4 that depicts shovel test locations on Transects 1 and 12 and the location of
Site 31WL372**. This map also shows the location of three razed farmsteads on Bloomery Road, a
dilapidated structure at the intersection of Bloomery and Packhouse Roads, and the location of the
historic architectural resource on Packhouse Road (White House - WL1655)......................................32
Figure 19. Transect 1 survey area, view southwest from Transect 12.........................................................................33
Figure 20. Transect 2 survey area, view east...............................................................................................................33
Figure 21. Transect 3 survey area, view southwest from Transect 4...........................................................................34
Figure 22. Transect 4 survey area, view west from T4, ST 1......................................................................................35
Figure 23. Transect 5 survey area, view west..............................................................................................................35
Figure 24. Transect 6 survey area, view west..............................................................................................................36
Figure 25. Transect 7 survey area, view west..............................................................................................................37
Figure26. Transect 7, view east..................................................................................................................................38
Figure 27. Transect 7 survey area, view northeast from the Wilson Church of Christ driveway................................39
Figure 28. Transect 8 survey area, view northwest from Aviation PI NW (SR 1311).................................................40
Figure 29. Transect 9 survey area, view north from Aviation PI NW (SR 1311)........................................................41
Figure 30. Transect 9, Site 31WL371**, view west along Packhouse Road...............................................................42
Figure 31. Transect 10 survey area, view southeast....................................................................................................43
Figure 32. Transect 11 survey area, view northeast.....................................................................................................43
Figure 33. Transect 12 survey area view south along Bloomery Road, vicinity of 31WL372**................................44
Figure 34. Transect 13 survey area, view east from the tree line.................................................................................44
Figure 35. Transect 13 survey area, view west from the tree line...............................................................................45
Figure 36. Transect 14 survey area, view northeast from Transect 13........................................................................45
Figure 37. Transect 14 survey area, view northwest from Transect 13.......................................................................46
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Figure 38. Transect 15 survey area, view west along Packhouse Road, vicinity of 31 WL370**...............................46
Figure 39. Transect 16 survey area, view west along Packhouse Road.......................................................................47
Figure 40. Transect 16 survey area, view northeast toward Packhouse Road.............................................................47
Figure 41. Abandoned structure across from 31WL370**..........................................................................................48
Figure42. Site 31WL370**, testing plan....................................................................................................................49
Figure 43. Site 31WL370**, selected artifacts. Far left, machine -made, decolorized (possible selenium dioxide —
faint straw color) machine -made bottle, possible food coloring or flavoring. Top row, left to right:
colorless jar lid embossed "...LAS.." and light green tinted milk glass fragment. Bottom row, left to
right: Machine -made swirled marble and aqua -tinted bottle base fragment. Far right: decolorized
(magnesium dioxide — amethyst) machine -made bottle finish and neck................................................50
Figure 44. Site 31WL370**, selected artifacts. Far left: Stoneware utility vessel base fragment with Albany slip -
glazed interior and exterior. Top row, left to right: undecorated porcelain and whiteware with yellow
glaze. Bottom row, left to right: whiteware cup handle with blue pooling (possible late Pearlware) and
light blue glazed stoneware....................................................................................................................50
Figure 45. Site 31WL371**, plan map on Google Earth aerial imagery .....................................................................51
Figure 46. Selected cultural material recovered from 31WL371**. Top row, left to right: undecorated whiteware,
undecorated porcelain, and heat -altered undecorated whiteware with spalled glaze. Center row, left to
right: Ironstone decorative handle and body fragment, Albany slip -glazed stoneware body fragment,
and gray salt -glazed stoneware. Bottom row, left to right: coarse earthenware flower pot rim fragment,
hand -made brick fragment, and undecorated coarse earthenware thick body........................................52
Figure 47. The approximate location of Site 31WL371** on the 1902 USGS Rocky Mount, NC, quadrangle map
(http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/) ................................................................................................. 52
Figure 48. Site 31WL372** on the 1994 aerial imagery (Google Earth Pro).............................................................53
Figure 49. Site 31WL372** on the 2009 aerial imagery (Google Earth Pro).............................................................53
Figure 50. Site 31WL372**, site investigation map....................................................................................................54
Figure 51. Selected cultural material recovered from 31WL372**. Left to right: Circle "A" Brand bottle (early to
mid-201 century) and brown pharmacy bottle (201h century).................................................................55
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P _ -,
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Figure 1. Project APE on the Winstead Crossroads, SW, NC, USGS topographic quadrangle map, 7.5-minute series.
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Figure 2. White House (WL1655) landscaped area along the south side of Packhouse Road, view west toward Bloomery Road in
2016.
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form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
21 U55

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Figure 4. Unidentified farmstead at 4810 Bloomery Road (NE quadrant of the US 264 Alternate and Bloomery Road) (Wilson
County GIS aerial image 2007). Wilson County PIN 2793-94-2431.000.
Figure 5. Unidentified farmstead, now razed, at the intersection of US 264 Alternate and Bloomery Road in 2016. Wilson County
PIN 2793 -94-243 1.000.
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Figure 6. Taylor Farmstead at 4828 Bloomery Road (Wilson County GIS aerial image 2007). Wilson County PIN 2793-96-
4058.000.
Figure 7. Taylor Farmstead at 4828 Bloomery Road, view east in 2016. Wilson County PIN 2793-96-4058.000.
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154.42
7611
154.42 �
CD --
Figure 8. George Page Farmstead at 4948 Bloomery Road (Wilson County GIS aerial imagery 2007). Wilson County PIN 2793-
87-8430.000.
Figure 9. Former George Page Farmstead at 4948 Bloomery Road, view north in 2016. Wilson County PIN 2793-87-8430.000.
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Figure 10. Former George Page Farmstead at 4948 Bloomery Road, view east in 2016. Wilson County PIN 2793-87-8430.000.
Figure 11. Abandoned structure at 4969 Bloomery Road in the southeast quadrant of the Bloomery/Packhouse intersection, view
west in 2016. Wilson County PIN 2793-77-5448.000.
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Figure 12. Abandoned structure in the southeast quadrant of the Bloomery/Packhouse intersection (Wilson County aerial imagery
2016). Wilson County PIN 2793-77-5448.000.
Figure 13. Razed farmstead near Transect 16 (Wilson County GIS aerial imagery 2010). Wilson County PIN 3704-91-1796.000.
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Figure 14. Razed house site near Transect 8 (Wilson County GIS aerial image 2003). Wilson County PIN 3704-91-1796.000.
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Figure 15. Project Mapping; Map 1 of 4 that depicts shovel test locations on Transects 8, 9, 10, 15, 16,and Sites 31 WL37O** and 31 WL371 ** along Packhouse Road.
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Figure 16. Project Mapping; Map 2 of 4 that depicts shovel test locations on Transects 5, 6, 7, and 11 along Packhouse Road.
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Figure 17. Project Mapping; Map 3 of 4 that depicts shovel test locations on Transects 2, 3, 4, 13, and 14 and the location of the historic architectural resource (White House —
WL1655) along Packhouse Road.
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Figure 18. Project Mapping; Map 4 of 4 that depicts shovel test locations on Transects 1 and 12 and the location of Site
31 WL372**. This map also shows the location of three razed farmsteads on Bloomery Road, a dilapidated structure at the
intersection of Bloomery and Packhouse Roads, and the location of the historic architectural resource on Packhouse Road (White
House — WL1655).
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Figure 19. Transect 1 survey area, view southwest from Transect 12.
Figure 20. Transect 2 survey area, view east.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Figure 21. Transect 3 survey area, view southwest from Transect 4.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
Figure 22. Transect 4 survey area, view west from T4, ST 1.
15-08-0018
Figure 23. Transect 5 survey area, view west.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
35 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 24. Transect 6 survey area, view west.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
36 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 25. Transect 7 survey area, view west.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
37 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 26. Transect 7, view east.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
38 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 27. Transect 7 survey area, view northeast from the Wilson Church of Christ driveway.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE. OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
39 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 28. Transect 8 survey area, view northwest from Aviation P1 NW (SR 1311).
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
40 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 29. Transect 9 survey area, view north from Aviation P1 NW (SR 1311).
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
41 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 30. Transect 9, Site 31 WL371 **, view west along Packhouse Road.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
42 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 31. Transect 10 survey area, view southeast.
Figure 32. Transect 11 survey area, view northeast.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
43 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 33. Transect 12 survey area view south along Bloomeiy Road, vicinity of 31 WL372**.
Figure 34. Transect 13 survey area, view east from the tree line.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
44 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 35. Transect 13 survey area, view west from the tree line.
Figure 36. Transect 14 survey area, view northeast from Transect 13.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
45 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 37. Transect 14 survey area, view northwest from Transect 13.
Figure 38. Transect 15 survey area, view west along Packhouse Road, vicinity of 31 WL370**
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
46 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 39. Transect 16 survey area, view west along Packhouse Road.
Figure 40. Transect 16 survey area, view northeast toward Packhouse Road.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
47 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
Figure 41. Abandoned structure across from 31WL370**
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
farm for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
48 of 55

Figure 42. Site 31 WL37O**, testing plan.
Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
fmrm for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
49 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0010
Figure 43. Site 31 WL370**, selected artifacts. Far left, machine -made, decolorized (possible selenium dioxide —faint straw
color) machine -made bottle, possible food coloring or flavoring. Top row, left to right: colorless jar lid embossed "...LAS.." and
light green tinted milk glass fragment. Bottom row, left to right: Machine -made swirled marble and aqua -tinted bottle base
fragment. Far right: decolorized (magnesium dioxide — amethyst) machine -made bottle finish and neck.
Figure 44. Site 31WL370**, selected artifacts. Far left: Stoneware utility vessel base fragment with Albany slip -glazed interior
and exterior. Top row, left to right: undecorated porcelain and whiteware with yellow glaze. Bottom row, left to right: whiteware
cup handle with blue pooling (possible late Pearlware) and light blue glazed stoneware.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
50 of 55

T9 ST7
oT9 ST6 (N500 E470)
-
TS ST7
T8 ST6
i ..
EJrm�; .
4
131 W671 ""
Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0018
31 WL371
485 T9 ST4 (N500 ES30)
T9 ST3
Packhouse Rd (SR1382)
;Razes! Farmstead
EMS _
Ch S�
1 P�`act0n
I
Figure 45. Site 31WL37I**, plan map on Google Earth aerial imagery.
F
T9
NCDOT TIP# LJ-5794
Wilson County, NC Site 31WL371** Plan
Winstead Crossroad, NC LJSCS Quadrangle
Aerial image Gaggle Earth
0 Negative Shovel Test =] Site Boundary
Positive Shovel Test =] APE
Surface Recovery
wi
10 5 0 10 Meters
® s
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
51 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0010
Figure 46. Selected cultural material recovered from 31 WL371**. Top row, left to right: undecorated whiteware, undecorated
porcelain, and heat -altered undecorated whiteware with spalled glaze. Center row, left to right: Ironstone decorative handle and
body fragment, Albany slip -glazed stoneware body fragment, and gray salt -glazed stoneware. Bottom row, left to right: coarse
earthenware flower pot rim fragment, hand -made brick fragment, and undecorated coarse earthenware thick body.
a pp roxi mate '
Fackhouse Road
alignment near 31WL371**
24k 31WL371 **
razed
house
Ae
Figure 47. The approximate location of Site 31WL371** on the 1902 USGS Rocky Mount, NC, quadrangle map
(hqp://historicalmgps.arcL,is.com/usizs .
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
52 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0010
Figure 48. Site 31WL372** on the 1994 aerial imagery Figure 49. Site 31WL372** on the 2009 aerial imagery
(Google Earth Pro). (Google Earth Pro).
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
53 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0010
OT12 ST8 NCDOTTIP# U-5794
Wilson County, NC Site 31 WL372 Plan
Winstead Crossroad. NC USGS Quadrangle
Aerial image Google Earth
0 Negative Shovel Test Selected Arllfact Recovery
- Positive Shovel Test Q Brick Push Pile
12 ST9 Site Boundary APE
Brick Scatter rr
! 20 10 0 2I0 Meters a
4
• �9
fwy.�>y W
A.
Q
rn ✓ ■ i 13]WL372**
tiro
E
0 .
13
Figure 50. Site 31WL372**, site investigation map.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE'S PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
54 of 55

Project Tracking No.:
15-08-0010
Figure 51. Selected cultural material recovered from 31WL372**. Left to right: Circle "A" Brand bottle (early to mid-20'
century) and brown pharmacy bottle (2011 century).
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
55 of 55