20200306 Ver 1_AR16-09-0011NoSitesPresentRevisit2_20200225

Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
NO NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITESy`.
qp� PRESENT FORM
l
This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this:
project. It is not valid for Historic Architecture and Landscapes. You must
consult separately with the Historic Architecture and Landscapes Group.
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project No: n/a County: Wake
WBS No: 17BP.5.R.79 Document: MCC
F.A. No: n/a Funding: ® State ❑ Federal
Federal Permit Required? ® Yes ❑ No Permit Type: USACE
Project Description:
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Division 5 intends to replace Bridge No. 216
on SR 2366 (Old Battle Bridge Road), over Buffalo Creek south of US 64 Business. In 2016, an 8.81-acre
study area was submitted for archaeological consideration; this study area was reduced in 2017 to a 3-acre
corridor centered on the existing alignment of SR 2366. The current study area has expanded again to
encompass an area of 11.4 acres (approximately 4.61 hectares), inclusive of all existing roadways and
development. No preliminary designs have been made available at the time of the current archaeological
screening; thus, this study area was considered to be the area of potential effects (APE) for the purposes of
this archaeological review.
SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
An archaeological survey and evaluation of the proposed replacement of Bridge No. 216 on SR 2366 (Old
Battle Bridge Road) over Buffalo Creek was conducted between August 1 and August 14, 2019 by Melissa
McKay, Nick Henderson, and Becky Sponseller of Environmental Services, Inc., a Terracon Company
(ESI). During the course of the survey, one previously recorded archaeological site, 31WA1438, was
revisited; no new archaeological sites were recorded. This site is not recommended eligible for the
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It is recommended that the proposed project be allowed to
proceed without concern for impacts to significant cultural resources.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Archaeology Group reviewed
the subject project and determined:
® There are no National Register listed or eligible ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES present
within the project's area of potential effects. (Attach any notes or documents as needed)
❑ No subsurface archaeological investigations were required for this project.
❑ Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources.
® Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources
considered eligible for the National Register.
® All identified archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and all
compliance for archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions:
See attached summary of results and conclusions.
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
See attached: ® Map(s)
Signed:
C.
® Summary of Results ® Photos
NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST
❑Correspondence
August 30, 2019
Date
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Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY & EVALUATION
Replacement of Bridge No. 216 in Wake County, North Carolina
PA 16-09-0011; WBS# 17BP.5.R.79
By: Melissa McKay, RPA
For:
Archaeology Group
Environmental Analysis Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
Environmental Services, Inc., a Terracon Company (ESI) of Raleigh, North Carolina conducted
an intensive archaeological survey of the Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the proposed
replacement of Bridge No. 216 on SR 2366 (Old Battle Bridge Road) over Buffalo Creek (PA 16-
09-0011, WBS# 17BP.5.R.79) in Wake County. The APE for this project is estimated to
encompass 11.4 acres (approximately 4.61 hectares), inclusive of all existing roadways and
development (Figures 1 and 2).
The main goal of the investigation was to identify and assess the significance of cultural resources
(archaeological sites) that might occur within the project APE. "Significant" cultural resources are
those meeting the criteria of eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places
(NRHP), as defined in 36 CFR 60.4 and in consultation with the State Historic Preservation Office
(SHPO). Section 106 of NHPA requires that the effect of a project on significant cultural resources
be considered on all projects involving federal funding and/or permitting. The guidelines for
fulfilling the provisions of Section 106 are contained in the implementing regulations 36 CFR 800.
All fieldwork was designed to comply with guidelines established by the Office of the Secretary
of the Interior of the United States and in consultation with the NCDOT.
Background Summary
A map review and site file search were conducted at the Office of State Archaeology (OSA), which
revealed that one previously recorded archaeological site (31WA1438) is located within the
western portion of the APE. This site was recorded as a Woodland period site and was
recommended Not Eligible for the NRHP. One additional site, 31WA1434, is located
approximately 90 meters south of the APE, east of Old Battle Bridge Road. Site 31 WA1434 was
recorded as a prehistoric lithic site which yielded only three pieces of lithic debitage and was
recommended Not Eligible for the NRHP. Both sites were recorded during a survey for the
Proposed Buffalo Creek Interceptor by Archaeological Research Consultants, Inc., in 1998
(Hargrove 1998). The archaeological survey area for this project was a 30-foot (9.14-meter) wide
corridor that was approximately 20,000 feet (6,096 meters) in length. This survey passed through
the western portion of the current APE.
A search of NCDOT's bridge database showed that the current bridge was constructed in 1957. A
search of the North Carolina SHPO HPOWEB GIS service revealed that portions of the APE for
Bridge No. 216 fall within the boundaries of the NRHP-listed Hood -Anderson Farm (WA2021),
which encompasses 145 acres (Figure 3). The property is an antebellum agricultural complex with
multiple contributing resources, including a c. 1839 main house, a general store/post office, a two -
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
room tenant/slave house, a cotton gin house site, tobacco barns, a family cemetery, a smoke house,
and a blacksmith shop. These resources are located south of the APE and will not be impacted by
the proposed project. However, also included as contributing resources are the landscape of the
farm and the unpaved Old Tarboro Road which is located at the northern end of the property. A
portion of this road falls within the current archaeological APE. According to the NRHP
Registration From for the property, this road may be the last unpaved remnant of Tarboro Road
(Anderson 1998).
A 2016 NCDOT Historic Architecture and Landscapes Effects Required Form for this project
discusses the landscape of the Hood -Anderson Farm (which is considered to be a contributing
resource), within which Buffalo Creek is a part of, as well as Old Tarboro Road. The form stated
that it would be necessary to assess the potential effects from the project on the historic resource.
In a 2019 NCDOT Historic Architecture and Landscapes Assessment of Effects Form (an update
to the 2016 form), the conclusion was drawn that the project will have no impact to significant
resources which contribute to the property's eligibility, with the requests that tree clearing be
limited and that the crane be placed outside of the historic boundary.
Topographic maps, aerial photography, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil
survey maps, and historic maps were examined for information on natural or cultural factors that
might have affected site locations or preservation. Historic maps reviewed for this project included
the 1916 Wake County Soil Survey and the 1967 Knightdale topographic quadrangle map (Figure
4). Historical photographs were also viewed and included imagery from 1959, 1964, and 1969
(Figure 5) from www.historicaerials.com and from the NCDOT GIS website
(www. ncdot. maps. arcgis. com). More recent aerial imagery was also viewed on Google Earth to
observe changes in land use during the past two to three decades.
The 1914 Wake County Soil Survey shows two roads that roughly correspond with the current
alignments of Old Battle Bridge Road and Old Tarboro Road (Figure 4, top). The 1967
topographic quadrangle map shows the two roads and Buffalo Creek in their current alignment
(Figure 4, bottom). Neither of the maps depict structures within the APE.
Aerial imagery of the area between 1959 and 1969 (Figure 5) shows no development in the area
during this time. The majority of the APE in these images is wooded, with the northeastern portion
depicted as open fields. The only development within the APE between the 1960s and the present
(see Figure 9) is the addition of a manufactured home in the northeastern portion of the APE,
southeast of Old Tarboro Road. Other changes in the landscape over time include small areas of
fields transitioning to wooded areas (a small field southwest of the intersection of Old Tarboro
Road and Old Battle Bridge as well as the fields in the northeastern portion of the APE).
Environmental Setting
The APE for Bridge 216 is located within the Piedmont physiographic province. Elevations within
the APE range from approximately 272 to 304 feet above mean sea level. Much of the western
half of the APE consists of mixed hardwoods and pine trees. The eastern portion is comprised
mostly of wetland. A house is located south of Old Battle Bridge Road at the northern end of the
APE. South of the house is an overgrown clear-cut. Overview photos of the APE are shown on
Figures 6 and 7.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
The APE for Bridge 216 is situated in the Neuse River Basin. Buffalo Creek crosses the central
portion of the APE.
Map units (soil series) are named for the major soil or soils within the unit but may have minor
inclusions of other soils (MRCS 2009). The APE is comprised of several soil series, shown below
in Table 1 and on Figure 8.
Table 1: Project Area Soils, Bridge No. 216
Soil Name
Code
Slope
Drainage
Landform
Chewacla and Wehadkee,
ChA
0-2%
Somewhat Poorly and
Floodplains
freq. flooded
Poorly Drained
Rawlings -Rion complex
RgC
6-10%
Well Drained
Interfluves
Urban land
Ur
-
-
-
Vance sandy loam
VaB
2-6%
Well Drained
Interfluves
Vance sandy loam
VaC
6-10%
Well Drained
Interfluves
Summary of Field Investigations
The current archaeological investigation included pedestrian (visual) inspection and shovel testing
within the APE. A systematic visual inspection of the APE was undertaken to search for surface
artifacts, above -ground resources, or other signs of cultural activity. Shovel tests were excavated
at 30-meter (98.43-foot) intervals as well as placed judgmentally on smaller landforms or to
confirm previous ground disturbance. No shovel tests were excavated in wetlands/hydric areas,
disturbed soils, landscaped residential or commercial areas, or on slopes greater than 15 percent.
All shovel tests measured approximately 38 centimeters (15 inches) in diameter and were
excavated by natural levels to sterile subsoil, the water table, or as deep as is practicable given the
limitations of subsurface testing through this methodology. When a site was discovered, the shovel
testing interval was reduced, and additional radial shovel tests were excavated to determine site
boundaries. A total of 58 shovel tests, including delineation tests, were excavated during the
current investigation (see Figure 9 for shovel test locations).
Much of the eastern half of the APE was not suitable for shovel testing due to wetland areas. In
areas of the APE that were suitable for shovel testing, shovel tests were excavated in transects
running parallel to existing roadways. The majority of shovel tests were excavated in the wooded
areas in the western portion of the APE.
Shovel test profiles in well drained soils (in the western half of the APE) generally consisted of
approximately 10 to 30 centimeters of brown or dark yellowish -brown silty loam (or very fine
sandy loam) over light olive brown fine sand. Subsoil, typically encountered between 25 and 35
centimeters, was a light yellowish brown compact clayey sand. A typical shovel test profile
excavated in poorly drained soils consisted of approximately 10 centimeters of very dark grayish
brown silty clay over 10 centimeters of dark grayish brown silty clay with redox. Grayish brown
sandy clay with redox was encountered at 20 centimeters below surface.
As a result of the current investigation, previously recorded site 31WA1438 was revisited and is
described below. No new archaeological sites were recorded (see Figure 10 for site location).
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Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
31WA1438 Revisit
UTM: 73446lmE 3964762mN
Site Size: 1,985m2
Elevation: 278 feet amsl
Environmental Setting: Wooded
Soil Type: VaC, Vance sandy loam, 2-6% slopes;
Nearest Water: 15 meters east, Buffalo Creek
Surface Visibility: <25%
Field Procedures: Visual Inspection and Shovel Testing (n--18)
Cultural Affiliation: Woodland
Site Function: Short Term Habitation
Site Integrity: Poor
Recommendations: Not Eligible, No Further Work
Site Description: Site 31 WA1438 was originally recorded in 1998 during a survey for the Proposed
Buffalo Creek Interceptor by Archaeological Research Consultants, Inc. in 1998 (Hargrove 1998).
During this investigation, four prehistoric ceramic sherds and seven pieces of lithic debitage were
recovered from four shovel tests; the site was recommended Not Eligible for the NRHP. The
original site boundary (obtained from the NC OSA's GIS program) and the updated site boundary
based on the current survey are depicted on Figure 12, top. The original boundary, however, was
not recorded with a GPS unit and therefore does not likely correspond exactly with the site's actual
location and dimensions.
During the current investigation, shovel testing in this area north of Old Tarboro Road in the
western portion of the APE yielded four pieces of lithic debitage from shovel test (ST)2-6 (see
Figure 9; Figures 11 to 13; Table 2). Delineation shovel testing at 15-meter intervals recovered
an additional 33 artifacts from six shovel tests.
The site is bounded to the east by Buffalo Creek and to the north by the APE; it is possible that the
site extends beyond the APE to the northwest, although the land in this area slopes down gently
until it reaches the river.
Soils encountered in shovel tests typically consisted of three strata. The first stratum was generally
four to 25 centimeters of brown or dark brown silty loam. The second stratum was a light yellowish
brown or light olive brown fine sand. Subsoil, typically reached between 20 and 42 centimeters
below surface, was a light yellowish brown compact clayey sand. One delineation shovel test, dl,
encountered somewhat deeper soils, with the first stratum (a dark yellowish -brown silty loam)
reaching 47 centimeters below surface. The second stratum was a yellowish -brown fine sand
reached between 47 and 87 centimeters below surface, and subsoil was a brownish yellow compact
clayey sand.
A sewer main corridor runs northwest -southeast through the eastern portion site (Figure 13, top);
shovel tests near this area encountered disturbed soils. Shovel test d3, for example, consisted of 10
centimeters of dark brown silty loam over mottled brown, yellowish brown, and reddish yellow
compact clay.
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Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
Table 2: 31WA1438 Artifacts
Provenience
Stratum
Depth
) h
Component
Description
N=
2-6
I
0-12
Prehistoric
Lithic: metavolcanic debitage
3
Lithic: quartzite debitage
1
11
12-21
Prehistoric
Lithic: metavolcanic debitage
1
d01
I
0-47
Prehistoric
Ceramic: sand temper, cord marked
1
Ceramic: sand temper, eroded
1
Ceramic: sand temper, eroded
1
Lithic: metavolcanic debitage
6
d02
II
7-34
Prehistoric
Lithic: metavolcanic debitage
5
d05
I
0-15
Prehistoric
Ceramic: sand temper, fabric impressed
1
Lithic: metavolcanic debitage
3
II
15-50
Prehistoric
Lithic: metavolcanic debitage
2
Lithic: quartz debitage
1
d06
II
8-42
Prehistoric
Lithic: metavolcanic debitage
6
Lithic: quartz debitage
1
d07
II
4-12
Prehistoric
Lithic: metavolcanic debitage
2
Lithic: quartzite debitage
1
d10
II
15-30
Prehistoric
Lithic: metavolcanic debitage
1
Total
37
A total of 37 prehistoric artifacts were recovered from the first and second strata of seven shovel
tests (17 artifacts were collected from the first stratum and 20 were collected from the second
stratum). Lithic artifacts (n=33) included 29 pieces of metavolcanic debitage and four pieces of
quartz/quartzite debitage. Debitage included 22 tertiary flakes, two secondary flakes, and one
primary flake. The majority of the pieces of debitage (n=22) were 20mm or less in size.
Four prehistoric ceramic sherds were recovered, and included one cord marked sherd, one fabric
impressed sherd, and two eroded sherds. All sherds were tempered with sand and were less than
30mm in diameter. All four sherds were recovered from the first stratum.
Summary and Recommendations: This prehistoric site is represented by a subsurface scatter that
consists primarily of nondiagnostic lithic debitage as well as four ceramic sherds, suggesting a
Woodland period association. The presence of ceramic sherds indicates a somewhat longer
occupation, as ceramic pottery was fragile and not particularly portable; however, only four sherds
were collected, and the sherds were diminutive (less than 30mm in diameter) and recovered from
the uppermost stratum.
The site does not contain evidence of intact cultural features or artifact concentrations, nor did it
yield materials suited to in-depth analysis (such as botanical or faunal remains). Additional
investigations at the site are unlikely to provide unique or significant data and will not contribute
to our knowledge of the prehistoric occupation of the area. This site is recommended Not Eligible
for the NRHP under Criteria A—D. No additional archaeological work is recommended for this
location.
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Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
Summary
Based on the results of the background research and field investigations, no NRHP-eligible
archaeological resources are located within the APE for the proposed replacement of Bridge No.
216 in Wake County. One previously recorded site, 31WA1438, was revisited during the
investigation and is recommended Not Eligible for the NRHP; no new archaeological sites were
recorded.
It is recommended that the proposed project be allowed to proceed without concern for impacts to
significant cultural resources. Should the boundary of the proposed APE be expanded or moved,
additional archaeological investigations may be necessary, as determined in consultation with the
NCDOT and/or SHPO per the Programmatic Agreement.
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form for Minor Transportation Projects as Quaked in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
REFERENCES CITED
Anderson
1998 Hood -Anderson Farm. National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) Registration
Form. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
I. ' • .I C.
2019 North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office GIS Web Service.
http://gisNCDCR. o�v/hpoweb/accessed 1 August 2019.
Hargrove, Thomas
1998 An Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Buffalo Creek Interceptor, Wendell
and Eagle Rock Vicinity, Wake County, North Carolina. Archaeological Research
Consultants, Inc. Ms. On file, Office of State Archaeology, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA)
1966 National Historic Preservation Act. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, Part
800. United States of America: Washington D.C.
Natural Resources Conservation Service (MRCS)
2009 Wake County, North Carolina Soil Survey. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, United States Department of Agriculture Web Soil Survey.
http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda. oovv/accessed 29 July 2019.
North Carolina Department of Transportation
2017 NCDOT Historical Aerial Imagery Index.
http://ncdot.maps.arcgis.com/homelwebmap/viewer.html Accessed 1 Aug 2019.
Office of State Archaeology (OSA)
2017 Archaeological Investigation Standards and Guidelines for Background
Research, Field Methodologies, Technical Reports, and Curation. https://dncr-
arch.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs public/OSA_Guidelines_ May2017.pdf(accessed 29
July 2019). North Carolina Office of State Archaeology, North Carolina
Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Petersen, Shane C.
2019 Request for Proposal: Archaeological Survey & Evaluation, Replacement of
Bridge No. 216 in Wake County and Bridge No. 78 in Franklin County, North
Carolina. WBS No. 17BP.5.R.79, PA No. 16-09-0011; WBS No. 48198.1.1, PA
No. 19-05-0009. North Carolina Department of Transportation Archaeology
Group, Human Environment Section, Raleigh, North Carolina.
United States Bureau of Soils: North Carolina Department of Agriculture
1914 Soil Map, North Carolina, Wake County Sheet. On file, North Carolina State
Archives, Raleigh. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ncmaps/id/301
accessed 8 Aug 2019.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.16-09-0011
United States Geological Survey
1967 Knightdale, N.C. 1:24,000 Topographic Quadrangle Map. U.S. Department of the
Interior, Washington D.C.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Quaked in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
100f 10

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informational purposes only and was not prepared for, and is
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not suitable for legal or engineering purposes.
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Date: Aug2019
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Historic Aerial Photographs
Bridge No. 216
Wake County, North Carolina
Project:
Date:
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4

1959 Aerial Photograph
Source: http://ncdot.m(ips.arcgis.com
1964 Aerial Photograph
Source: https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer
1969 Aerial Photograph
Source: http://ncdot.maps.at:cgis.com
Historic Aerial Photographs
Bridge No. 216
Wake County, North Carolina
Project:
Date:
Drwn/Chkd:
Figure:
AR19012.00
Aug 2019
MM/TR

Bridge No. 216, view to East
View along Old Tarboro Road, facing West
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Project Area Photographs
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Date:
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AR19012.00
Aug 2019
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6

Path:N:\Projects\2019\HL197000\GIS\Maps\Bridge216\Bridge216.apr Date: 8/19/201911:10 AM

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Disclaimer: The information depicted on this figure is for _
informational purposes only and was not prepared for, and is
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Shovel Test Locations
Date: Aug2019
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Source: 2011 National Geographic Society/ESRI,
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(Knightdale, NC); Project Study Area provided by -
NCDOT.
Disclaimer: The information depicted on this figure is for
informational purposes only and was not prepared for, and is■ i -
notsuitableforlegalorengineeringpurposes. CO,. �/rlgil �©-01jN'�%- �C7e0g C OCI ty, i-cubed
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Path: N:\Projects\2019\HL197000\GIS\Maps\Bridge216\Bridge216.aprx Date: 8/19/2019 8:54 AM

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Shovel Test Results
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Road
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Location and extent is approximate.
0 15 30
Meters
31 WA1438
Source: Project Study Area provided by NCDOT.
Disclaimer: The information depicted on this figure is for
informational purposes only and was not prepared for, and is
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y c Site Details
Bridge NO. 216 (WBS NO. 17BP.5.R.79) Date: Au 2019
P� Wake County, North Carolina Drwn/Chkd: CW/TR
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NTOFTRPN'p0 I I Figure: 11
Path: N:\Projects\2019\HL197000\GIS\Maps\Bridge216\Bridge216.aprx Date: 8/22/2019 10:35 AM

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Original 3 1 WA 143 8 Boundary
(1998)
New 31 WA1438 Site Boundary
(2019)
Original and Updated Site Boundaries for 31 WA1438
Site 31 WA1438, West End, view to North
Archaeological Site Photographs
Bridge No. 216
Wake County, North Carolina
Project:
Date:
Drwn/Chkd:
Figure:
AR19012.00
Aug 2019
MM/TR
12

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Sewer Main Corridor Running through Site 31WA1438, view to East
Buffalo Creek East of Site 31 WA1438, view to Northeast
Archaeological Site Photographs
Bridge No. 216
Wake County, North Carolina
Project:
Date:
Drwn/Chkd:
Figure:
AR19012.00
Aug 2019
MM/TR
13