20010429 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_20010321

Diamond Creed
Residential and Golf Community
Banner Elk, Avery County,
North Carolina
Joint Application Form and Supporting Documentation for
NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE NOTIFICATION
TO CORPS OF ENGINEERS
NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE
SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION CONCURRENCE 104 2d.
Prepared For:
John and Sharon McNeely
Diamond Creek
P.O. Box 2469
Blowing Rock, NC 28605
Prepared By:
Leonard S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
3714 Spokeshave Lane
Matthews, NC 28105
[phone]
LandDesign, Inc.
38 Garfield Street, Suite C
Asheville, N.C. 28803
[phone]
Fazio Golf Course Designers, Inc.
401 North Main Street, Suite 400
Hendersonville, NC 28792
*Subject to verification by the USACE & NCDWQ
Date : 3/01
PAYMENT
RECEIVED
DEM ID: CORPS ACTION ID:
NATIONWIDE PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE NATIONWIDE PERMIT
PRE-CONSTRUCTION NOTIFICATION APPLICATION
FOR NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE:
1) NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS
2) APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFICATION
3) COORDINATION WITH THE NC DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGrXENT
SEND THE ORIGINAL AND (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED FORM TO THE APPROPRIATE
FIELD OFFICE OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET). SEVEN
(7) COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET). PLEASE PRINT.
1. OWNERS NAME:
?40r- Joh n 1 `'tc,./Qa
2 . MAILING ADDRESS: ? .0. 13ox
r?/?N??
CITY:
MAILING ADDRESS ABOVE): SUBDIVISION NAME:
PROJECT LOCATION ADDRESS,
STATE: I4 C1 ZIP CODE:

LUDING SQBDIVISIO NAME (IF DIFFERENT FROM
3. TELEPHONE NUMBER (HOME): (WORK):
4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL, ADDRESS,
PHONE NUMBER:
Ir. joA

S. ?i rdh ?--
5. LOCATION OF WORK (PROVIDE A MAP, PREFERABLY A COPY OF USGS TOPOGRAPHIC
MAP OR AERTA-L PHOTOGRAPHY WITH SCALE):
COUNTY: NEAREST TOWN OR CITY: 2ka ,e
1
SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD
NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ETC.):

(Jnr,otuA ?r/ 6 ?a
CL R-o m lccA..
6. IMPACTED OR NEAREST STREAM/RIVER:
RIVER BASIN:
7a. IS PROJECT LOCATED NEAR WATER CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, TIDAL SALTWATER
(SA), HIGH QUALITY WATERS (HQW), UTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS (ORW), WATER
'SUPPLY (WS-I OR WS-II) ? YES ( NO [ ] IF YES, EXPLAIN:

7b. IS THE PROJECT LOCATED WITHIN A NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL
MANAGEMENT AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (AEC) ? YES [ ] NO [ ]
7c. IF THE PROJECT IS LOCATED WITHIN A COASTAL COUNTY (SEE PAGE 7 FOR
LIST OF COASTAL COUNTIES), WHAT IS THE LAND USE PLAN (LUP) DESIGNATION?
8a. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON
THIS PROPERTY? YES [ ] NO [?f IF YES, PROVIDE ACTION I.D. NUMBER OF
PREVIOUS PERMIT AND ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (INCLUDE PHOTOCOPY OF 401
CERTIFICATION):
8b. ARE ADDITIONAL PERMT-T REQUESTS EXPECTED FOR THIS PROPERTY IN THE
FUTURE? YES [ ] NO [A/ IF YES, DESCRIBE ANTICIPATED WORK:
i? iQ i t7 ?G. ( tit ?VY? 1 1 ?! ?{J) tr{-? Il 04-1 1 -(
9b. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS LOCATED ON PROJECT
<' rca.rA - - lS?3oo 1p Z.

SITE:
9a. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES IN TRACT OF LAND: :L; 60 O '4-k ?_
10a. NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT BY:
frond; - t O 1O AIPIIII
FILLING: P-A 4- 0 • I (o A-4,I EXCAVATION
Sf't2r S ' = 0.015 A c C4 TfletG,ll S - h4 w P ?! 114 ( 1 S'b 1 ?
± o . 015 Ac-,WK S+r4A6v%S - N wP 1a, $5 (300
FLOODING: OTHER: 2
DRAINAGE : TOTAL ACRES TO BE IMPACTED-
10b. ?
(1) STREAM CHANNEL TO BE IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT (IF
RELOCATED, PROVIDE DIS CE BOTH EFORE AND AFTER RELOCATION):
ISM I+ MWP J141 0 F
LENGTH-BEFORE: %1,00 1 14WPA 34'T AFTER: _ 3r14
WIDTH BEFORE (based on normal high water contours): t '&1- 4 ) FT
0 FT
WIDTH AFTER: O
O -? O
AVERAGE DEPTH BEFORE: O!? t FT AFTER: O FT
(2) STREAM CHANNEL IMPACTS WILL RESULT FROM: (CHECK ALL THAT APP)
OPEN CHANNEL RELOCATION: PLACEMENT OF PIPE IN CHANNEL:
CHANNEL EXCAVATION: CONSTRUCTION OF A DAM/FLOODING:
OTHER: C? ?^A es 1 w
11. IF CONSTRUCTION OF A POND IS PROPOSED, WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE
WATERSHED DRA NING TO THE POND?
??drti'?_ I S ??'fer?'?d C•? !?L
WHAT IS THE EXPEC D OND U FACE AREA?
AUC4+_ J1y- (C.C_ Cs ?Io?C.1 i n•a-t
12. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK INCLUDING DISCUSSION OF TYPE OF
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT TO BE USED (ATTACH PLANS: 8 1/2" X 11" DRAWINGS
ONLY):

cos _ 0 (441
I Y16I
13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK:
r_- 0
3
14. STATE REASONS WHY IT IS BELIEVED THAT THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE CARRIED
OUT IN WETLANDS. (INCLUDE ANY MEASURES TAKEN TO MINIMIZE WETLAND
IMPACTS) : ?+
v
(--Ha,^ i QlL avU1dG•(. ; slur-? c.?. c?.Y-?- L bnraGt will ju' ml fi r
?c.??-
C?1S??` w?' ? ? n-?D S''?(GG?y?1S ?t,aw? -?. C ? (F- cuyrs-;-
15. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
(USFWS) AND/OR NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE (NMFS) (SEE AGENCY
ADDRESSES SHEET) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF ANY FEDERALLY LISTED OR
PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED OR THREATENED SPECIES OR CRITICAL HABITAT
IN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT. DATE
CONTACTED: (ATTACH RESPONSES
FROM THESE AGENCIES.) 16. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER
(SHPO) (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC
PROPERTIES IN THE PERMIT AREA WHICH MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED
PROJECT. DATE CONTACTED:
So, c? I?.c. r?•?
17. DOES THE PROJECT INVOLVE AN EXPENDITURE OF PUBLIC FUNDS OR THE USE OF
PUBLIC (STATE) LAND?
YES [ ) NO [l( IF NO, GO TO 18)
a. IF YES, DOES THE PROJECT REQUIRE PREPARATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL
DOCUMENT PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICY ACT?
YES [I NO [I
b. IF YES, HAS THE DOCUMENT BEEN REVIEWED THROUGH THE NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION STATE CLEARINGHOUSE?
YES (I NO [I
IF ANSWER TO 17b IS YES, THEN SUBMIT APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION FROM THE
STATE CLEARINGHOUSE TO DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REGARDING
COMPLIANCE WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT.
QUESTIONS REGARDING THE STATE CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW PROCESS SHOULD BE
DIRECTED TO MS. CHRYS BAGGETT, DIRECTOR STATE CLEARINGHOUSE, NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION, 116 WEST JONES STREET, RALEIGH,
NORTH CAROLINA 27603-8003, TELEPHONE [phone].
4
18. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHOULD BE INCLUDED WITH THIS APPLICATION IF
PROPOSED ACTIVITY INVOLVES THE DISCHARGE OF EXCAVATED OR FILL MATERIAL
INTO WETLANDS:
a. WETLAND DELINEATION MAP SHOWING ALL WETLANDS, STREAMS, LAKES
AND PONDS ON THE PROPERTY (FOR NATIONWIDE PERMIT NUMBERS 14, 18, 21, 26,
29, AND 38). ALL STREAMS (INTERMITTENT AND PERMANENT) ON THE PROPERTY
MUST BE SHOWN ON THE MAP. MAP SCALES SHOULD BE 1 INCH EQUALS 50 FEET OR 1
INCH EQUALS 100 FEET OR THEIR EQUIVALENT.
b. IF AVAILABLE, REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOGRAPH OF WETLANDS TO BE
IMPACTED BY PROJECT.
C. IF DELINEATION WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, INCLUDE ALL DATA
SHEETS RELEVANT TO THE PLACEMENT OF THE DELINEATION LINE.
d. ATTACH A COPY OF THE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IF REQUIRED.
e. WHAT IS LAND USE OF SURROUNDING PROPERTY?
4., _ .", 4 okcd' ?re-o^ -f-
4?
f. IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL?
g. SIGNED AND DATED AGENT AUTHORIZATION LETTER, IF APPLICABLE.
NOTE: WETLANDS OR WATERS OF THE U.S. MAY NOT BE IMPACTED PRIOR TO:
1) ISSUANCE OF A SECTION 404 CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMIT,
2) EITHER THE ISSUANCE OR WAIVER OF A 401 DIVISION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (WATER QUALITY) CERTIFICATION, AND
3) (IN THE TWENTY COASTAL COUNTIES ONLY), A LETTER FROM THE
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT STATING THE PROPOSED
ACTIVITY IS CONSISTENT WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM.
?vju
BR'S/AGENT'S SIGNATURE
Dt,,r?+.a Grt -
(AGENT'S SIGNATUR VALID ONLY
IF AUTHORIZATION LETTER FROM
THE OWNER IS PROVIDED (18g.))
3//-7/01
DATE
5
LEONARD S. RINDNER, PW S
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
March 17, 2001
Mr. David Baker
US Army Corps of Engineers - Reg. Field Office
151 Patton Avenue - Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801 - 5006
Mr. John R. Dorney
Division of Water Quality - NCDENR
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604
Mr. Michael Parker
Division of Water Quality - NCDENR
Interchange Building
59 Woodfin Place
Asheville, NC 28801
Re: + 800 Acres Diamond Creek Golf Course and Residential Community, Request for Nationwide
Permit #39 and NWP #14, Averv Countv, North Carolina
Dear Sirs:
On behalf of my client, John and Sharon McNeely and all the participants in the design team, I am
pleased to request your review of this very sensitively designed project. A great effort has been made
during the planning process to develop a plan that avoids impacts to over 96% of the streams on the
project. The plan also avoids impacts completely to the perennial trout water streams. Overall, the plan
avoids over 96% of all the jurisdictional waters of the U.S., including an approximate 2-acre boulder
field/spring seep habitat. The proposed development takes full advantage of previously disturbed areas of
the site. The plan also shows that the headwaters of a deeply shaded and nearly pristine riparian habitat.
along a trout water stream dominated by birch, hemlock and rhododendron has been preserved. During
the planning process site reviews and discussions were held with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission, North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office, and
representatives of Avery County. We have incorporated into planning process all the ideas and concerns.
During the construction process, the developer will impose strict guidelines and requirements to prevent
impacts to sensitive natural habitats and archaeological sites. The developer also proposes to work closely
with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission and the
NC Natural Heritage Program to develop guidelines to avoid impacts to the documented sensitive habitats
associated with Hanging Rock Mountain.
Previous plans for this site by others included a ski resort and a large condominium development
Mr. David Baker, Mr. John Dorney, Mr. Michael Parker
Page 2, March 17, 2001
Summary of Impacts and Proposed 1Viitigation/Minimization
Out of over 15,000 if of stream we are requesting confirmation to impact only 300 linear feet of
intermittent stream to develop the golf course; impact only ± 0.16 acres of wetlands; ± 0.10 acres of
ponds; and 150 If of disturbed stream bed for a road crossing. Bottomless culverts will used to avoid
impacts to the bank and substrate of other intermittent streams. One bottomless culvert is proposed over a
perennial trout stream. The drainage system for the golf course will include no direct discharges of storm
water to the streams or the sensitive boulder field wetlands. Drainage will be sheet drained across buffers
by the use level spreading devices and/or constructed pocket wetlands and bio-filters. A storm water
treatment facility will be developed for the proposed clubhouse and parking area as well as the grounds
and maintenance facilities.
Remaining wetlands and streams will be buffered by at least the minimum 25' required, however as
indicated on the attached plans, it is expected that the buffers will substantially exceed this amount. All
fill material will be unpolluted and appropriate measures to control sedimentation and erosion will be
employed and maintained. Wetlands and streams, which will not be disturbed, will be protected during
construction from damage due to construction traffic, drainage and other forms of impacts. As required
the preserved wetlands and streams will be protected by deed restrictions or similar methods.
Background
The project site is located in rapidly developing areas in the North Carolina mountains. Current land use
in the vicinity is developing single family developments and agricultural areas. The focal point of the site
is Hanging Rock Mountain and Four Diamond Ridge.
SUMMARY OF WATERS OF THE U.S.
Methodoloey
Preliminary identification and delineation of die Jurisdictional Waters on the site were determined
according to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1, 1987, with
Appendices. Preliminary data gathering included review and interpretation of topographic maps; USDA
Soil Conservation Survey; aerial photographs, and preliminary site visits to selected areas. Then the
Routine On-Site Determination Method was utilized to determine the upper boundary of the wetlands. In
order to make a positive wetland determination indicators of hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soil, and
wetland hydrology were be identified as described in the manual.
General Wetland Classification and Description
The wetlands on this site can be describe as Palustrine Forested Broad - Leaved and Scrub/Shrub
Temporarily Flooded and Seasonally Flooded and Palustrine Emergent Seasonally Flooded. The site is
within a drainage area of unnamed headwater tributaries of Horse Bottom Creek in the Watauga River
Basin (Water Classification - C trout). The majority of the site is sloping former agricultural land and
woodland in secondary succession. The steep mountain slopes are primarily wooded.
Mr. David Baker, Mr. John Dorney, Mr. Michael Parker
Page 3, March 17, 2001
SUMMARY
Surface Waters Perennial and Perennial tributaries (+ 15,3001f) + 2.25 acres
Wetlands + 2.45 acres
Ponds ± 2.70 acres
Approximate Total - Waters of the U.S. + 7.40 acres
SUMMARY OF IMPACTS
NWP #I4 (1 Crossing) Int/Perennial tributaries +1( SO If + 0.015 ac.
NWP #39 Intermittent tributaries (+ 300 If) + 0.030 ac.
Wetlands + 0.160 ac.
Pond ± 0.100 ac.
Total - NWP #14 and NWP#39 + 0.31 ac.
Approximately 96 % of Waters of the U. S. are preserved
WETLANDS PERMITTING AND MITIGATION
Preliminary planning for the project involved site analysis and consideration of environmental, economic
and regulatory issues. Topography, natural features and systems, circulation, site organization, open
space, development requirements, and environmental issues were considerations in designing the overall
plan. The plan and commitments made in this report reflect a positive response to the preliminary
discussions, determinations, and concerns of the regulatory agencies. Except for temporary construction
and development impacts, we believe that the proposed project will not cause significant impacts to the
ecological functions or values of Jurisdictional Waters of the U.S.
Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitization
Best Management Practices will be employed to minimize impacts to Jurisdictional Waters. These will
include:
a) Siltation Barriers; Sediment Traps and Diversion Ditches
b) Barricades to define construction limits to sensitive sites and to protect important vegetation
c) Preconstruction meetings
d) Vehicular access will be restricted to specific areas to avoid disturbance to adjacent Mr.
David Baker, Mr. John Dorney, Mr. Michael Parker
Page 4, March 17, 2001
wetlands and natural areas to be preserved.
C) Methods to prevent short term impacts will be inspected regularly and maintained during
construction of the project.
f) Wetlands to be preserved will be clearly marked prior to construction to prevent accidental
damage to wetlands. The contractors will be held responsible for unauthorized wetland
damage not permitted according to plans and specifications.
g) Project construction will strictly adhere to an approved Sedimentation and Erosion Control
Plan. Best Management Practices will include utilizing siltation trapping ponds and other
erosion control structures where appropriate. Impacts from hazardous materials and.other
toxins to fish and aquatic life such as fuels will be avoided by not permitting staging areas to
be located near surface waters.
h) As required by the 401 Water Quality Certification conditions, measures will be taken to
prevent "live" or fresh concrete from coming into contact with waters until the concrete has
hardened.
Proposed Compensatory Mitigation
A mitigation plan is proposed for a "no net loss" of wetland, stream, and surface water habitat, value, and
function to the extent feasible on this site. The goal of this plan is to preserve, protect and the extents of
the existing wetlands and streams to be saved through enhancement by the use of protective buffers.
Existing wetlands and streams to be preserved will be protected and enhanced with at least the minimum
25' required buffer however as depicted on the plans, this will be substantially exceeded for most of the
proiect. An existing pond will he expanded to mitigate for lost open water. An additional pond near the
clubhouse will be constructed for irrigation, as an amenity, and for stormwater management associated
with the clubhouse and parking. Pocket wetlands and biofilters will be developed within the golf
course to prevent direct discharge of stormwater into the streams and to filter and absorb nutrients
and other pollutants. A stormwater management facility is also proposed for the grounds and golf
course maintenance facility.
CONCLUSION
The approximate 800 acre golf and residential community is sensitively planned to avoid and minimize
impacts to the fullest extent feasible. Based on the value of the jurisdictional waters and wetlands on this
site, the developer through sensitive site planning has chosen to balance the site's economic viability with
its environmental value and permitability. The goal of the Site Plan and Mitigation Plan is to help balance
the environmental consequences of this development by preserving, protecting, and creating beneficial
stream, wetland, and riparian habitat. The undisturbed wetland areas and the mitigation sites will be
preserved by the applicant or by a group designated by the owner for this purpose. They will be managed
as a wetland and stream systems of high value.
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WETLAND/STREAM DELINEATION
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
Action ID: 200031387
Notification of Jurisdictional Determination
County: Avery/Watauga
Property owner/Authorized Agent: John and Sharon McNeely
Address: Post Office Box 2469 Blowing Rock, North Carolina 28605 c(opy
Telephone Number: 704-846-0461
Size and Location of Property (waterbody, Highway name/number, town, etc.): An 832 acre tract of property located off of
SR 1337, Dobbins Road, just east of Banner Elk, North Carolina. Hanging Rock Creek and several unnamed tributaries
traverse the property.
Indicate which of the following apply:
There are wetlands on the above described property which we strongly suggest should be delineated
and surveyed. The surveyed wetland lines must be verified by our staff before the Corps will make a final
jurisdictional determination on your property.
Because of the size of your property and our present workload, our identification and delineation of your
wetlands cannot be accomplished in a timely manner. You may wish to employ a consultant to obtain a more
timely delineation of the wetlands. Once your consultant has flagged a wetland line on the property, Corps staff
will review it, and, if it is accurate, we strongly recommend that you have the line surveyed for final approval by
the Corps. The Corps will not make a final jurisdictional determination on your property without an approved
survey.
X The waters and wetlands on your parcel have been delineated, and the limits of Corps jurisdiction have been
explained to you. We strongly suggest that these areas be surveyed. Unless there is a change in the law or
our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from
the date of this notification.
There are no wetlands present on the above described property which are subject to the permit requirements
of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344). Unless there is a change in the law or our published
regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed three years from the date of this
notification.
The project is located in one of the 20 Coastal Counties. You should contact the nearest State Office of
Coastal Management to determine their requirements.
Placement of dredged or fill material in wetlands on this property without a Department of the Army permit is in most cases a
violation of Section 301 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1311). A permit is not required for work on the property restricted
entirely to existing high ground. If you have any questions regarding the Corps of Engineers regulatory program, please contact
David Baker at [phone]
Project Manager Signature
Date 9/19/00 Expiration Date 9/19/05
SURVEY PLAT OR FIELD SKETCH OF DESCRIBED PROPERTY AND THE WETLAND DELINEATION
FORM MUST BE ATTACHED TO THE YELLOW (FILE) COPY OF THIS FORM.
CESAW Form 566
1 OCT 91

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W
ROUTINE WEJ'LAND DETERMINATION
{1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manua!{
Project/Site: Date:
Applicant/Owner. Counter,
Investigator. L!- State:
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site? No Community ID:
Is the site significantly. disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes R Transect ID:
Is the area a potential Problem Area? o Plot ID:
(if needed. explain on -reverse.)
?10wlclt;• -Ft ?d_ r Grx?-prof-, - 2
VgGETATION
Dominant Plant Soades stratum 1 4eator
4.
a. 41LV-M ' i to S -
Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
9. - .mow/
10. vier. TFIe, -_-
11. 03 G'
12
13.
14.
15.
16.
Petoert of Dominant Species that we OBL. FACIN or FAC J
(excluding FAC-). a/u
?r?mr?wc _ (,c?.CC?,,aCg oLc? yr ?-?:
'r2ti' srv?rn 4?
(C 9rlmQl-f
HYDROLOGY
0 cJ?.
_ Recorded Data (Oaeonbe In Reroarksl:
`Stream. Lake. or ride Gauge
Aerial Photographs
' Other
No Recorded Data Available Wetland Hydrology lodicstors:
"Mary lrr ators:
1h
led in Upper 12 Inches
star Milks
Lines

Field Observation:; ed'unent Deposits
_ raitmpe Psttems in Wetlands

Depth of Surface yy ; Secondary (bigots (2 more required):
=
ana .,?
Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
Depth to Fros Water M RC
fin.) aterStsined Leaves
_ Local Soil Survey Data

Depth to Saturated Sal: _ FAC-Neutral Test
_Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
..
t
WTI, 1995 .196-

SOILS

Map Unit Name r
(Series and Phase): Drainage Class:
(
Fold Observations
Taxonomy (Subgroup): I? ? I O
U Confirm Mapped Type? Yes .f1o
Profile Descriotion-
Depth Matrix Color Mottle Colors Mottle -- Tincture. Concretions.
finches) Horizon (Munsell Moist) fMunsell Moist) AbundaneelConrrsst Structure: etc.

Hydric Soil indicators:
H"imosol _ Concretions
_
Hisdc Epipedon _ High Organic Content in Surface L.syeir in Sandy Soils
Sulfidic Odor _ Organic Streaking, in Sandy Soils
_ Aquic Moisture Regime Usted on Local Hydric Solis List
Reducing Conditions Listed on National Hydric Soils Use
,ieyed or Low-Chroms Colors w Other (Explain in Remarks}
Remarks:
WETLAND DETERMINATION
A-,•.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Y No (C)rcle) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology flrusent? No
Hydric Soils Present? No Is this Sampling Point Within a Wetland? es No
Remarks: .
a?.'fd?199E".
-197- wM,1 -096
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
0 987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Slte: / Jul /'Yllri? w?C.Cl?
ApplicantlOwne
Investigator:
Do Normal Circumstances exist on the site?
Is the site significantly- disturbed (Atypical Situation)?
Is the area a potential Problem Area?
(If needed, explain on -reverse.)
,4?(j44e.,,-l- s Ion o4 ? avl?c?
);GETATION
Date: 12,-100
County:
State: C,
No Community ID:
Tcatl ID:
Yes Plot ID: ID:

c?C Gc?r? -
Dominant plant S aci s Stratum indicator
1.?tcJ l4 G/ ?,CJ? Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
9.
10.

12.
6. 13.
6. 14.
7. 15.
8. 16.

Percent of Dominant Speoi- that are 08t. FACW or FAC
(excluding FAC -). (f /G?l`6??
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Date (Doweril a in Remarks): Wetland "Tology indicators:
ure em, Lake. or Tide Gauge Primary idicators:
erial Photographs Inundated
ther Saturated in tipper 12 Itches
ed Data Available Water ?Aer(cm
Drift Lines
F Secriment Deposits
0b"rvwica=
ion:: _ Draugge Pettems in Wetlands
Secondary Indicators (Z or more required):
rface Water: -,Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches
_ WaterStainad Leaves
e Water in Pig d n.l Local Sod Survey Date
?
FAGNeutrat Test
urated Soil: other (Explain in Remarks)
Rerena
39,

VM 1995 .196-
SOILS
40
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase):
Drainage Class:_
' Field Observations
Taxonomy iSubgroup): Confirm Mapped Type? Yes ,No
Profile Description-
Depth Masrix Color Motile Colors Monte Texture, Concretions,
finches} Horizon (Munsell Moist) IMunsell Moist) AbundanaelConrmst Structure, etc.

Hydric Soil Indicators:
_ f-Hstosol _ Concretions
_ Hiistic Epipadon _ High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy Soils
_ Sulfidic Odor _ Organic Streaking in Sandy Sods
_ Aquic Moiawre Regime _ Listed on Local Hydric Soft Ust
-Reducing Conditions Listed on National Hydrie Sods Ust
Gieyed or Low-Chrome Colors ` Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: ?ff
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes tarde) (Circle)
Welland Hydrology frasent? Yes JeNof
Hydric Soils Present? _ Yes Is this Sampling Point Within a Wadand? Yes
Remarks:
.197- WTI, 1-095
ROUTINE WEi'I.AND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Site:
Appiicant%Owngr:
Investigator: n
Date: Zx O o
County: _ZEEE
State: A/. C_-
Do Normal Circumstances exist an the site? 6;? No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes o Transect ID:
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes Plot ID:
(If needed, explain on,reverse.)
w 'il:71 J A7_ea_ Z 2v
VEGETATION
Stratum h ieetor Dominant Plant species stra[um Indicator
r15 r'4CJ4 9.
lo.
•?4?/ 11.
12.
l 13.
6
. 14.
7
. 15.
8
. _ 16.
Portent of Dominant Species that are OBL. FACW or FAC Q
(e=luding FAC-).
Remarks:
Div/o s' lx SL'/''--
HYO OLOGY
Recorded Dena (Describe in Remark=):
"Stream Lake. or Tide Gauge
-As" Photographs
_ Other
No Recorded Data Available Wetland Hydrology Inloatorx
Primary Indicators:
_ Inundated
_ Saturated In Upper 12 Inches
Water Marks
Drift Lines

Field Observations: _ Sediment Deposits
_ Drairu?pe Patterns in Wetlands
secondary hrdicatom (z or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: 0/1 S?/ ui' -.Oxidized Root Channels in Upper 12 Inches

Depth to Free Water in Pit: Water-Stained Leaves
Local sell survey Data
e

Depth to Saturated Soa: rt
_ FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:

WTI, 1995 .196-
SOILS
-ff3.
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase): Drainage Class.
'
Taxonomy !subgroup!: Field Observadons
b,S X0,1- Confirm Mapped Type? Yes No
Profile Description:
Depth Mavix Color Mande Colors Mottle Texture. Concretions.
Inches) Horizon (Munseli Moist) (Munsell Moist) AbundenaalConrrast Structure, ate.

144 ki w ra?

?rI IL 3 l _
?m

Hydric Sol Indicators:
Hlstosol _ Concretions
H'Istic Epipadon
- _ High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy Soils
Sulfidic Odor _ Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
Aquic Moiawro Regime _ Listed on Local Hydrie Soils List
ing Conditions Listed an National Hydric Soaks List
k
eyed or Lo%v4::hrorrta Colors =
Other l6grlain in Remarks)
Remarks:
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? ryo No ICirda) (Circle)
Wetland Hydrology f resartt? No
Hydrie Soils Present? Q-621-1 No is this Sampling Point within a Wetland? (vt;t) No
Remarks:
.197- 1fVM, IWS
Diamond Creek Golf Club
Avery/Watauga Counties
Biological Analysis
Background and History
This analysis combines historical, biological and sociological data as a means of
determining the present conditions of the site and how the proposed development of the
Diamond Creek Golf Club will impact the area. Approximately 815 acres have been
acquired for this project. The site is a northwest facing mountain slope east of Banner
Elk, off Dobbins Rd. The majority of the site is in Avery County, but the eastern part
includes some of Watauga County. The eastern property boundary crosses the summit of
Four Diamond Ridge, but includes most of Hanging Rock (Fig. 1 - All figures are
included in a separate section at the end of the text).
It is important that the entire project be analyzed, planned and programmed carefully
because of the topography, the streams and wetlands, and the biological importance of
Hanging Rock and the Four Diamond Ridge. Beyond the eastern boundary of Four
Diamond Ridge lies Seven Devils development and Ski Hawksnest Facility, with
proposed development near the top of the southeastern end of the ridge. There does not
appear to be development planned near the eastern end of the ridge and toward Hanging
Rock from the Seven Devils side.
Past ownership of the exact boundaries has been difficult to establish, however,
ownership and management can be established for the Voncannon and Rasmussen
families. Data were obtained from interviews with the present caretaker of the site.
These data correspond with the information available from the Valle Crucis.USGS
topographic map (1960). This map shows the site to be without timber cover from
Dobbins Rd. up to ca. 4,200 ft. elevation on the south and extending along Four Diamond
Ridge to about the 4,400 ft. elevation (Fig. 2). Since this map is dated 1960, the
disturbance would have had to occur prior to that date, possibly many years. There is no
USGS map available earlier than 1960 on which vegetation is shown. Interviews
revealed that prior management included both agricultural and pasture use, and the
present cleared area closely approximates the historically cleared area. The exception
being an extension of clearing up the slope for ski lifts.
In the early 1960's the quarry was developed. The rock was used to pave the roads for
the nearby Sugar Mt. development. The quarry is currently filled with water and stocked
with Rainbow trout. Unfortunately the revised Valle Crucis quad, 1994 from satellite
data, did not pick up the quarry, although this revision does show the roads in the Seven
Devils/Ski Hawksnest area.
In the middle 1980's the site was purchased by General Andrews, who proceeded with
the development of a ski facility. This development, which began in 1985, resulted in the
current grassy slopes, with very little surface rock evident. No fill was hauled in, but
rocks were removed, using picks and two front load tractors. The rocks were deposited
in the woods and ravines nearby. This has resulted in some areas being more rocky than
previously. The only major grading for the ski slope was just east of the quarry. A
drainage from the slope was placed in a culvert and the ravine was fashioned into a bowl
using cut and fill from the adjacent slope to the east (left)(Fig. 3). When General
Andrews became incapacitated, work on the ski slope was suspended, although the same
caretaker has been retained since 1985 to mow and control erosion on the site (Fig. 4).
No ski equipment was installed on the slopes. Currently, due to an excellent stand of
grass and well-designed water bars on the slopes, there is no apparent damage from
erosion and the water in the streams and ponds is very clear. Some of the small ponds do
show evidence of siltation in the past. Mowing the site has remained a priority over the
years and there has been no replacement of the forest cover in the areas cleared for skiing
(Fig. 5). During the development for skiing, most of the forest cover in the ravines and
drainages within the confines of the active ski area was removed. The woody growth has
been allowed to undergo normal succession. Hence, most forests are relatively even-aged
and the composition is dominated by early successional species such as Hawthorne,
Black locust, Red maple, and White ash.
A cross-country ski trail was cut out of the side of the mountain in the late 1980's, along
the southwest part of the site at about 4,600 ft., paralleling Four Diamond Ridge, sloping
down to 4,200 ft. toward the north end of the property. Below this trail the woody
vegetation has been disturbed and is obviously successional, although not all trees are the
same size. Above the trail, toward the top of the ridge and toward northeast and Hanging
Rock, the woody vegetation is relatively undisturbed. However, a winding, switchback
access was developed from the 4,200 ft. elevation off the cross country trail up to 4,700
ft. This would have provided access to the ski lift. At this level, Hanging Rock is ca.
1,600 ft. to the north. The lift would have been at the southeastern boundary of the
property and on the ridge leading over to Hanging Rock.
Wetlands are scattered across the property. There are two major, perennial streams. One
is along the north boundary close to Dobbins Rd. and one along the western boundary.
Five small ponds occur on the slopes of the western part of the site and one small pond
occurs in the lower middle of the site at ca. 3,800 ft.. Several other intermittent to
perennial streams form on the slopes from springs, particularly one drainage in the
middle of the property, in a wooded area.
Proposed Project
The golf course would be confined to ca. 200 acres, extending from the 3,850 elevation at
Dobbins Rd. up on the slopes to ca. 4,200 ft., southwest-northeast across the slopes (Fig.
2). There are 30-40 home sited proposed below the existing cross country trail and
accessed from a road built on this trail. Since the trail drops down the slope below
Hanging Rock, at the 4,200 ft. elevation, there will be 1,000 ft. of elevation left
undisturbed up to the top of the rock. Depending on how far the home sites extend to the
southwest along Four Diamond Ridge, the homes will be closer to the top of this ridge,
but further away from Hanging Rock.
2
The remainder of the report is based on several field visits and the Conceptual Routing
Study Sixteen, dated January 15, 2001.
Biological Aspects of the Site
Describing the biology of the site is complex due to the past disturbance and management
for most of the area and the high quality of Hanging Rock, Hanging Rock Ridge and Four
Diamond Ridge. The golf course area will be examined first, then the higher elevations.
The aquatic habitats in the golf course consist of ponds, streams and seeps. Visits to the
area were limited to late fall, 2000, so it is not possible to produce a flora of the golf
course area, although some inferences can be made.
Figure 6 shows the uppermost, isolated pond at 4,175 ft. There are no fish present, the
animals being macroinvertebrates and amphibians. This is the only pond with cattails
(Typha latifolia). Note the ski slope at the top left of the figure where the cross country
ski trail begins at the southwest corner of the property. Figure 7 shows the lowermost
.pond at 4,125 ft. The floating vegetation is the pondweed, Potamogeton epihydrus.
Again, the animal communities are composed of primarily macroinvertebrates and
amphibians.
The perennial stream, a tributary to Hanging Rock Creek, along the western boundary of
the property begins in a boulder field and emerges as an open steam as it progresses down
the slope. Near the northern end of the property, a culvert has been installed. Figure 8
shows the pool below this culvert. A brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of 12" was found
in this pool (Fig. 9) and below this pool are several smaller pools with smaller trout (6-.
8"). Brook trout are adapted to cold, clear, fast-flowing streams, including narrow creeks
that are heavily shaded. Brook trout require high levels of dissolved oxygen and cannot
tolerate temperatures that exceed the mid 60°F. Their diet consists of aquatic insects and
arthropods. The only other fish species smapled during the visit was the Longnose dace
(Rhinichthys cataractae), a common mountain species which is characteristic of small to
medium-sized cool-water creeks with a slow to rapid current and substrate of sand,
gravel, or rock. Near the property line, the water flows over rocks, without pools (Fig.
10). The macroinvertebrate population was examined here (Fig. 11) and the samples
were identified in the laboratory of the NC Division of Water Quality. The findings are
shown in a table in the Appendix, after the figures.
The headwaters of Hanging Rock Creek, the other major perennial stream along the
northern boundary of the property, near Dobbins Rd. does have sufficient habitat to
support Brook trout, but there is a high diversity of macroinvertebrates present. Hanging
Rock Creek, further downstream from the site, has a good population of Brook trout,
according to the representative from the N.C. Division of Water Quality, who oversees
this area. None of the other streams have sufficient water for fish or extensive
macroinvertebrates, but do provide seasonal habitat for amphibians.
3
The quarry pond (Fig. 12) has been stocked with Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In 15
minutes of fishing with an artificial lure, nine strikes were made and four fish were
captured. The largest was 14 in.
Figure 13 shows a portion of the ski slope above the trout stream with the rocks taken
from the slope piled along the edge of the woods. Figure 14 is the boulder field
headwater of the tributary to Hanging Rock Creek (trout stream), a habitat for
amphibians. With the season so late, no systematic sampling was done, although this
should be done in the 2001 growing season. The maximum size of the trees is 12-14 in.
dbh, with multiple boles indicating the regrowth from stumps. These boles are
particularly evident in Fig. 15, showing a 50 ft. buffer from the center of the boulder field
out to the cleared area. The dominant species of this boulder field are Sugar maple (Ater
saccharum ssp. saccharum), Red maple (A. rubrum), Cherry birch (Betula lenta), White
ash (Fraxinus americana), and Black cherry (Prunus serotina). The understory consists
of transgressives of these species, Hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) and a' high frequency of
Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana). Schafale and Weakley (1990) list the Boulderfield
Forest as a natural community. Our interviews indicated significant disturbance for the
forests around the cleared area and we observed multiple boles in the cover species.
Comparison of the description of the natural community with the existing community
shows that the typical Boulderfield Forest occurs at medium to high altitudes, in high,
steep, north-facing coves which have a cool microclimate. The canopy is usually
strongly dominated by Yellow birch (Betula lutea [alleghaniensis]), Yellow buckeye
(Aesculus octandw [flava]) and Basswood (Tilia americana var. heterophylla).
Characteristic shrubs include the Gooseberries (Ribes glandulosum, R. cynosbati and R.
rotundifolium), Viburnum (Viburnum alnifolium [lantanoides], and Mountain maple
(Ater spicalum). There is no mention of Witch-hazel as an important shrub. Since our
examination was so late in the season, we cannot comment on the herbaceous cover,
other than the presence of the Woodferns, Mountain (Dryopleris campyloptera) and
Marginal (D. marginalis). Based on the above, this site does not support a typical
Boulderfield Forest and the likelyhood that it will succeed into one is not high.
A forest further up the slope, but below the cross country trail, will be affected by the
practice range and several holes. This forest also has a dense flooring of boulders, making
walking difficult. Although the boulder ground cover is present, the woody species are
indicative of a Northern Hardwood Forest, but again, not the typical natural community
expression. The birch present is Cherry birch, not the Yellow birch. Sugar and Red
maple occur in the canopy along with Beech (Fagus grandifolia) and Red oak (Quercus
rubra), while Yellow buckeye is more common in the subcanopy than the canopy. Black
cherry is relatively abundant, and the two maples, Mountain and Striped (A.
pensylvanicum) are common. Some of the trees approach 30-34 in. dbh, while the
average dbh is in the 16-20 in. range. Based on the sizes of the trees and the mixed
occurrence of atypical species, this forest reflects the past disturbance of the site and
probably represents an atypical, successional, natural plant community. It is likely that
the herbaceous species in the spring and early summer flora will be quite diverse and
abundant.
4
Further to the east, fairways 13-18 also impact a forest, generally on a less steep slope
and more disturbed. Large specimens of Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) 40 in. +,
occur here along with smaller specimens of the more typical forest species. One of the
common species present is Yellow poplar (Driodendron tulipifera). The subcanopy and
shrub layers are open, which will probably permit a high diversity of spring herbs.
Gooseberries (gibes sp.) were common. Other than several fruiting specimens of Blue
cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) and Anise-root (Osmorhiaa claytonii), few herbs
were detectable during the late fall survey. Although this part of the forest has a nice,
open context, the species composition indicates a high degree of past disturbance.
Species of Concern
The presence of trout waters on the site and in Hanging Rock Creek below the site call
for measures of protection during and following construction. It appears that no
construction of facilities is taking place near the tributary to Hanging Rock Creek near
the trout habitat. The headwaters of this tributary are in the boulder field and it is
proposed that two holes will play over the boulder field wetland. From the existing
cleared area there is sufficient buffer into the boulder field, Fig. ?. There should be no
problem maintaining a 30 ft. buffer along the existing tributary, trout stream. Two other
holes play across the stream below the boulder field.
Regarding taxa that were not able to be sampled or identified prior to this report, we
recommend that surveys of the amphibians (salamanders) in the boulder field headwaters
of the tributary should be performed in the spring, 2001.
Since the site is on the county lines of Avery and Watauga Counties, copies of the species
of concern were obtained from the N.C. Natural Heritage Program for both counties (See
Appendix). These have been analyzed as shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Avery Watauga
Total Records
151 123
Obscure and Historic Records 54 47
Bogs, High Elevation Spruce/Fir, Balds 60 44
Other Habitats, Other Specific Drainages 8 4
Subtracting the three lower categories from the totals leaves 29 species of concern for
Avery and 28 for Watauga. These species could possibly be found on the site, and it will
be important to survey the area for these species. However, with the past management
and impacts by development, there is less habitat available than may be thought to be
present on the 815 acres.
The most exciting data on rare plants comes from the cliffs and ridges of Hanging Rock
Mountain, Hanging Rock Ridge and Four Diamond Ridge (Figs. 16 and 17). The
mountain tops out at 5,214 ft. and the upper reaches provide a High Elevation Rocky
Summit Community, with the slopes below the exposed rock having the additional
communities: High Elevation Red Oak Forest, Northern Hardwood Forest (both typical
and Beech Gap subtype), and Rich Cove Forest. A High Elevation Seep has been
reported along the north fork of Dutch Creek, north of Hanging Rock Ridge. This seep
provides habitat for the American speedwell, Veronica americana, listed as SR by the
State. The Rocky Summit Community on Hanging Rock Mt. provides habitat for the
following plant species:
Common Name
Scientific Name
State Rank fed. Rank
Spreading avens
Blue Ridge goldenrod
Heller's gayfeather
Gray's lily
Wretched sedge
Mountain bluet
Golden tundra-moss
Geum radiatum
Solidago spithamea
Liatris helleri
Lilium grayi
Carex misera
Houslonia monlana
Rhylidum rugosum
E-SC E
E T
T T
T FSC
SR -
E E
SR -
Roan rattlesnake root, Prenanthes roanensis, listed as SR by the State, has been reported
from the NW slope of Four Diamond Ridge.
Northern shorthusk grass, Brachyelytrum septentrionale, also listed as SR by the State
has been reported from Hanging Rock Gap. (N.C. Natural Heritage Program Element
Occurrence Records, Amoroso 1999, and Rohrer 1983).
[E = endangered, T = threatened, SC = special concern, SR = significantly rare, FSC =
federal species of concern (no longer used legally, but indicates a level of previous
recognition)].
Rohrer (1982) reported on the bryophyte (mosses and liverworts) flora of the Hanging
Rock area. Since the lower slopes had been impacted by development, he restricted his
survey to the upper, drier slopes. As a result of not having the mesic habitats available,
he found the bryophyte flora was not rich in species, nor distinctive. Eight species of
mosses found during the survey were uncommon in this part of the Blue Ridge Province.
Four species found were considered rare and one occurs on Hanging Rock Mt., the
Golden tundra-moss.
6
Recommendations for the Biology of the Proposed Developntent
With trout waters being present on the site, and with the headwaters of a significant trout
water stream occurring along the northern boundary of the site, erosion control during
construction will be critical. The 30 ft. buffer, with well designed silt fences and erosion
barriers, will be extremely important because the tributary and stream occur at the base of
the mountain. Also included in this concern for problems with erosion will be the
protection of the diverse aquatic macroinvertebrate population, the food source for the
trout in the streams.
Since the fairways will traverse the side of the mountain, being a series of terraces, it may
be possible to use the fairways to disperse the storm water runoff over the grassed areas
remaining on the site. This will allow infiltration over a larger area and could reduce the
concentration of water at the more critical collection points at the base of the mountain.
Using the existing ponds for storm water storage could also help.
Beside the trout, the information lacking on animal species and possible habitats on the
site is in the area of salamanders. A spring survey of the boulder fields may reveal the
presence of some species of concern. Most of the aquatic species of concern are located
in the New and Watauga Rivers proper, as opposed to the smaller creeks near the site.
No plant species of concern have been documented below the existing cross-country trail,
and there are no exemplary community types occurring below this trail. Performing a
botanical survey of the golf course area of the site during the growing seasons (spring,
summer and fall) will permit the documentation of the flora of the area below the cross-
country trail so that data are available for planning. As noted above, with no disturbance
of woods and natural areas in the past 15 years, there is the potential of finding
populations of species of concern that have become established.
The slopes below and the top of Hanging Rock Mt., along with the undisturbed portions
of Hanging Rock Ridge and Four Diamond Ridge are the most important habitats on the
site. Data presented above support the importance of these areas.
The following recommendations suggest ways to help protect these and should be
considered as plans evolve.
The slopes and crest of Hanging Rock Mt. and any contiguous areas that could
serve as buffers should be placed into a conservation easement with an
appropriate entity such as The Nature Conservancy (TNC). Negotiations for this
easement could be compatible with the development and with the preservation of
the mountain.
It may be that negotiations with other owners and TNC could include more
extensive areas of the two ridges as additional buffer.
7
3. Consideration should be given to closing the trails and clearings leading to the top
of the ridge and near the top of the mountain that were developed to install ski
lifts and allow maintenance.
4. Limit any development above the existing cross-country trail. If homesites are
developed below the trail, and the trail becomes the access road, then access
should be from the north end of the trail and not the south.
Literature Cited
Amoroso, J.L. 1999. Natural Heritage List of the Rare Plants of North Carolina. North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh, NC.
Roorer, J.R. 1982. Bryophytes of Hanging Rock, Avery and Watauga Counties, North
Carolina. Castanea 47:221-229.
Rohrer, J.R. 1983. Vegetation Pattern and Rock Type in the Hanging Rock Area, North
Carolina. Castanea 48:189-205.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of
North Carolina. Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage
Program. Raleigh, NC.
For informational purposes, photocopies of the two papers by Roorer, cited above,
are included in the Appendix.
8
Figures for the
Diamond Creek Golf Club
Biological Analysis
Report
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Figure 7. Lowermost pond.
Figure 8. Brook trout pool - opening of culvert visible.
Figure 9. 12" Brook trout taken from pool shown in Figure 8.
Figure 10. Stream with bedrock substrate.
Figure 11. Macroinvertebrate sampling.
Figure 12. Quarry pond.
Figure 13. Ski slope with rock removed to left, at edge of woods.
Figure 14. Typical forest community found in boulderfield surrounding
headwaters of the tributary to Hanging Rock Creek.
Figure 15. Multiple boles and buffer to cleared area.
Figure 16. Hanging Rock Mountain.
Figure 17. Four Diamonds Ridge.
Macrobenthos Sample from the Trout Stream tributary to Hanging Rock Creek,
Diamond Creek Golf Club, Banner Elk, NC
Samples were collected in October, 2000 and identified by
Dave Penrose, NCDWQ, Wetlands/401 Unit.
Mayflies Miscellaneous Diptera
Ephemerella Catawba -1 Tipula sp.- 3
Serratella deficiens -1 Hexatoma sp.- 1
Paraleptophlebia sp. - 4
Stenonema merrirnndanum - 3 Chironomidae
Epeorus rubidus - 6
Stenonema modestum -17 Rheocircotopus sp. I - 1
Baetis tricadatus - 4
Caddisflies Coleoptera
Dolophilodes sp. - 10 Ectopria nervosa - .1
Diplectrona modesta -11
Parapsyche cardis - 1 Mollusca
Hydropsyche macleodi - 10
Neophyl= sp. - 7 Elimia sp. - 16
Goera sp. - 1
Psilotreta sp. - 4
Stoneflies
Eccoptura xanthenese - 1
Acroneuria abnormis - 1
Tallaperla sp. - 22
Mahrekus hastatus - 2
Sweltsa sp. - 3
Isopterla sp. - 2
Search Results
r agc i vi
Search Criteria: Avery, All
Search Results: 151 records found.
State Federal State Global County
Major Group Scientific Name Common Name Status Status Rank Rank Status

Mammal
- -
cor^Ofiinus to+Arthsendii
Vrcginia Big-eared Bart
E
LE S1
G4T2
Current -Avery -MAP - HABITAT
wnpmrenus
Mammal Glaucomys sabnnus Carolina Northam Flying E LE S1 G5T1 Current -Avery -MAP -HABITAT
color»Lns Squirrel
Mammal Mic rotus chrotorrhinus Southern Rods Vole SC FSC S2 G4T3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT

Mammal carol inensis
Mustela nivalis
Least Weasel
SR
- S27
G5
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Mammal Myotis leibri Eastern Small-footed Bat SC FSC SUB,S2N G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Mammal Myotis septentrionafis Northern Bat SC - SUB,S2N G4 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S1 S2 G3G4 Current - Avery - MAP -,HABITAT
Mammal Sciurus niger Eastern Fox Squirrel SR - S3 G5 Historic - Avery - MA - HABITAT
Mammal Soren dispar Long-tailed Shrew SC - S2 G4 Current - Avery - AP - HABITAT
Mammal Sorex palusbis pur chAatu s Southem Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Mammal Sylvilegus transitionslis New England Cottontail - FSC S3 G4 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Bird Ac ipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk SR - S3B,S4N G5
A
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Bi
d olius acadicus pop 1
Ae Southem Appalachian Northern SC FSC S2B,S2N GM Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
r g Saw-whet Owl
Bird Caftrus ghtlatus Hermit Thrush SR S1 B,S5N G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Bird Certhia americans Brown Creeper SR - S3B,S5N G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Bird Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed Cuckoo SR S2B,SZN G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Bird Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler SR - S1 B,SZN G5
T
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITA
Bird Empidonax alnorum Alder Flycatcher SR - S2B,SZN G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HAADIT&TT
Bird Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon E S1 B,S2N G4 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Bins Loxia curvirostra pop 1 Southern Appalachian Red
Crossbill SR FSC S3B,S3N G5T7 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Bird Poeciie atricapillus precicus Southern Appalachian Black-
capped Chickadee SC FSC S3 G577 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Bird Riparia riparia Bank Swallow SR - SUB,SZN G5 Current - Avery - MAP - H ITAT
Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellaw-bellied SR S5N
FSC S2B GSf7 AT ? - MAP -
BI
H
Bird appalachiensis Sapsucker , A
T
Bird Thryomanes bewickii altos Appalachian Bewick's Wren E FSC SHB,SZN GS MQ Historic - Avery - MAP -
HABITAT
Bird Vireo gib Warbling Virceo SR - S2B,SZN G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Reptile C nnm ys muhlenbergG Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HA ITAT
Reptile Crvtalus horridus Timber Rattlesnake SR - S3 G4 Obscure - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Amphibian Cryptobranc us alleganiensis Hegbender SC FSC S3 G4 Historic - Avery - MAP -
HABITAT
Amphibian Hemidectylium satatum Four-toed Salamander SC - S3 G5
AT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Amphibian Plathodon welled Weller's Salamander SC - S2 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - A ITAT
Fish Coitus carolinae Banded Sculpin T S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Mollusk Glyphya6nte vanattai Honey Glyph Sc - S2 G7 Obscure - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Mollusk Infle tarius subpailiatus Velvet Covert SC - S2 G7 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Mollusk Pailifera hemphilri Black Mantleslug SC - S2 G3 Obscure - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Mollusk Paravitrea andrawsae High Mountain Supercoil Sc - S2 G7 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Mollusk Vertridens coelaods Bidertate Dome SC - S2 G3 Obscure - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Crustacean Ascdocythere c:osme12 Grayson Crayfish Ostracod SR FSC S27 G? Historic - Avery - MAP -
HABITAT
Arachnid Wauhehana montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR LE S1 G1 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Cetastrirm neglectarnajor Appalachian Azure SR - S3? G4 Obscure - Avery - MAP -
HABITAT
Insect Drunella longicomis a mayfly SR - S3 G7 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Erora beta Early Hahsh k SR - S2S3 G4 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Euphydryas phaeton Baltimore Chedcerspot SR - S2S3 G4 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Lkobrancta recurvata a mayfly SR S3 G? Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Palasagapetus celsus a caddisfly SR - S27 G? Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Polygonia faunus smythi Smyth's Green Comma SR - S2S3 G5T3T4 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Polygonia progne Gray Comma SR S1S2 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC S3 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Speyeria idalia Regal Fritillary SR FSC S1 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Insect Timpanoga lita a mayfly SR - S3 G7 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Lichen Cetrana aremna a foliose lichen SR - S2 G4 Current - Avery - MAP - IABITAT
Lichen Gymrodemta lineare Rock Gnome Lichen T LE S2 G2 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Lichen Hydrothyris venosa an aquatic lichen C - S2 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Lichen Melane(ia stygta a foliose lichen SR S1S2 G4G5
AT
Current - Avery - MAP - HA BI
http://www.nesparks.net/nhp/elements2.fm
8/24/2000
Liverwort Baaania nudicaulis a liverwort C - S2 G2G3 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Liverwort Mylia taylorii a liverwort SR - S1 G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Liverwort Plagiochila austinii a liverwort SR - S1S2 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Liverwort Plagiochlla comiculata a liverwort SR - S2 G2G4 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Liverwort Plagiochisa sullivant6 var a liverwort C - S2 G2T2 Current - Avery - MAP - A I AT
- -
sullivanth
Liverwort Piagiochila virginica var a liverwort C FSC S1 G3T2 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
caroliniana
Liverwort Sphenolobopsis pewsonii a liverwort PE FSC S2 G27 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Moss Dicranum undulatum Bog Broom-moss SR - S1 G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Moss Homalia trichomanoides Lima Homalia C - S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Moss Leptodontium excelsum Grandfather Mountain
Leptodontium C _ S1 G2 Historic - Avery - MAP - HAB T T
Moss Lepfodontium flexifoiium Pale-margined Leptodontium SR - S1 G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Moss Rhytidium rugosum Golden Tundra-moss SR - S2 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Moss Sphagnum fallax Pretty Peatmoss SR S1 G5
AT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Moss Splachnum pennsyhranicum Southem Dung Moss C SH G27
_
Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Aconltum redinatum Trailing Wolfsbane SR - S3 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Agrostis mertensii Arctic Bentgrass PE S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Alnus viridis ssp ctispa Green Adder C - S1 G5T5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Arabis glabra Tower Mustard C - S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Arethusa bulbosa Bog Rose E - S1 G4
AT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Vascular Plant Ariseema triphyllum ssp Bog Jack4n-tte-pulpit SR - S1 G5T4 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
stewandsonii
Vascular Plant Asdlbe crenatiloba Roan False Goats Beard C FSC SH GHQ Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Botrychium matricanifoiium Daisy-leaf Moonwort SR - S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Botrychium oneidense Blunt-lobed Grape Fem C - S1 G40 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Bradryelyhum septentrionaie Northern Shorthusk SR S27 G4G5
AT
Historic - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Vascular Plant Caiamagrostis canadensis Canada Reedgrass SR - S1 G5
T
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Vascular Plant Cattha palustris Marsh Marigold SR - S1 G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Campanula aparinoides Marsh Bellflower SR - S2 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Cardamine dematifis Mountain Bitterc Tess C FSC S27 G2G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Carex asnes Bronze Sedge E - S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Carex leptonervia a wood sedge C - S1 G4 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Carex misera Wretched Sedge SR - S3 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Vascular Plant Carex oligosperma Few-seeded Sedge E - S1 G4 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Carex projects Necidace Sedge C - S1 G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HA R T
Vascular Plant Carex trisperma Three-seeded Sedge SR S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Carex woodii Woods Sedge SR - S2 G4 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Chelone cuthbert i Cuthbert s Turtiehead SR S37 G37 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular plant CCo lossum vrnde var Long-bracted Frog Orchid C - S1 G5T5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
virescens.
Vascular Plant Coreopsis latifolia Broadleaf Coreopsis SR - S3 G3
AT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Vascular Plant Eplloblum angustlfolium Purple Willowherb SR - S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Epilobium ciliatum Purpleleaf Willowherb SR S2 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Geum aieppicum Yellow Avens C - S1 G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Geum geniculatrum Bent Averts T FSC S2 G2 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant ahum var
Gc
nr Rough Avens SR - S1 G5T7 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
u
m
Vascular Plant Geum radiahan Spreading Averts ESC LE S1 G1 Current - Avery - AP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Helia fftemum propinquum Creeping Sunrose C - S1 G4 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Houstonia montana Roan Mountain Bluet E LE S2 G5720 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Huperzia appalachiarra Appalachian Fir-dubrnoss C - S2 G4G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Liatris helled Heller's Blazing Star T-SC LT S2 G2 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Lflium canadense ssp Red Canada Lily C - S1 G5T4 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
editorum
Vascular Plant Ulium grayi Grays Lily T-SC FSC S3 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant alum philadelphicum var Wood Lily C S1 G5T7 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
philadelphicum
Vascular Piard Liparis loeselii Fen Orchid C S1 G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Lycopodielfa inundata Bog Clubmoss C S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Vascular Plant Meehania cordata Meehania SR S2 G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - H ITAT
Vascular Plant Minuartia groenlandica Greenland Sandwort C - S2 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Oenothera perennis Perennial Sundrops C S1 G5 Obscure - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Pamassia grandifolia La
e moved Grass-of T S1 G3G4 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
ml
Vascular Plant Plaharrthara grandiflora Large Purple-fringed Orchid SR S2 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Poa paludigena Bog Bluegrass E FSC S1 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Vascular Plant Poe palustris Swamp Bluegrass SR S1 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - BI T
Vascular Plant Prenanthes roanensis Roan Rattlesnakeroot SR - S3 G3
AT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
http://wv%,w.ncsparks.net/nhp/elements2.fm 8/24/2000
JGGL III AbAww
Vascular Plant Rhododendron vaseyi Pink-shell Azalea
Vascular Plant Robinia hispida var %Mlis Fruitful Locust
Vascular Plant Saxifraga caroliniane Carolina Saxifrage
Vascular Plant Senecio pauperculus Balsam Ragwort
Vascular Plant Senecio schweinitzisnus Schwein&s Ragwort
Vascular Plant Soiidago spR maea Blue Ridge Goldenrod
Vascular Plant Sparganium chiorocarpum Greentruit Bur-reed
Vascular Plant Sphanthes ochroleuca Yellow Ladies'47esses
Vascular Plant Thelyphwis simulada Bog Fern
Vascular Plant Toneyorhloa paiiida Pale Mannagrass
Vascular Plant Trk**ptrorum cesphosum Deerhair Bulrush
Vascular Plan Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry
Vascular Plant Veronica americans American Speedwell
Vascular Plant ZoKlenus Wmanthoides Pinebarren Death-camus
Natural Community Acidic Cave Forest
Natural Community Boulderfiekd Forest
Natural Community Canada Hemlock: Forest
Natural Community Chestnut Oak Forest -
Natural Community Fraser Fir Forest
Natural Community Grassy Bald
Natural Community Heath Bald -
Natural Community Dome Elevation Granitic
Eevahon Red Oak
Natural Community Fe
Natural Community High Elevation Rocky _
Summlt
Natural Community High Elevation Seep -
Natural Community Montane Acidic Cliff
Natural Community Montane Alluvial Forest
Natural Community Montane Calcareous Cliff
Natural Community Montane Oak--Hickory
Forest
Natural Community Northam Hardwood Forest
(Beech Gap Subtype)
Natural Community Northern Hardwood Forest
(Typic Subtype)
Natural Communty Pine-Oak(Heath
Natural Community Red Spruce--Fraser Fir
Forest
Natural Community Rich Cove Forest
Natural Community Rocky Bar And Shoe
NaturW Community Soufhem Appalachian Bog _
(Northam Subtype)
Natural Community Swamp Forest-Bog
Complex (Typic Subtype)
SR - S3 G3 Current - Avery - MAP - H IT T
C. - S1 G4TUG
AT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
C FSC S2 G2 Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT -T
SR - Si? G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
E - S2 G57 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
E LT S 1 G1 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
C S1 G5 Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
SR - SH G4 Historic - Avery - MAP - HA ITA
T S1 G4G5 Current - Avery - MAP - A ITA
Obscure - Avery - MAP -
SR - S1 G5? HABITAT
C - S2S3 G5 Cunent - Avery - MAP_ - A IT T
C S2 G4 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
SR S2 G5 Current - Avery - MAP - Ham/ BIII
C - S1 G40 Currant - Avery - MAP - HABIT -T
- S5 G5 Current - Avery - MAP
S3 G3 Current - Avery - MAP
- S5 G5 Current - Avery - MAP
S5 G5 Current - Avery - MAP
_ S1 G1 Current - Avery - MAP
- S2 G2 Cunard - Avery - MAP
- S3 G4 Current - Avery - MAP
- - S2 G2 Current - Avery - MAP
_ S5 G5 Current - Avery - MAP
- S2 G2 Current - Avery - MAP
_ S3 G3 Current - Avery - MAP
- - S3 G4 Current - Avery - MAP
S1 G27 Current - Avery - MAP
S1 G? Current - Avery - MAP
S5 G5 Current - Avery - MAP
S2? G2? Current - Avery - MAP
S4 G5 Current - Avery - MAP
- S4 G5 Current - Avery - MAP
_ S2 G2 Current - Avery - MAP
S4 G4 Current - Avery - MAP
S5 G5 Current - Avery - MAP
- S1 WTI Current - Avery - MAP
S2 G2G3T2 Current - Avery - MAP
NC NHP database updated: July 1, 2000. Search performed on Thursday, August 24, 2000.
Do NOT bookmark this search results page, instead bookmark: www.nesparks.net/nhp/element.html
http://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/elements2.frn
8/24/2000
J Ga( L AL L\V Jl11 LJ
Search Criteria: Avery, Listed
Search Results: 48 records found.
Major Group Scientific Name Common Name
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Mammal
Bird
Bird
Bird
Bird
Bird
Bird
Reptile
Amphibian
Amphibian
Amphibian
Fish
Mollusk
Mollusk
Mollusk
Mollusk
Mollusk
Crustacean
Arachnid
Insect
Insect
Lichen
Liverwort
Liverwort
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Vascular Plant
Corynorhinus townsendii Virginia BVeared Bat E
virginianus
Glauoomys sabrinus cwt*ma Northern Ftymg E
coloratus Squirrel
Micotus chrotorrhinus Southern Rock Voie SC
carolinensis
Myotis iefbii E tstem Small-footed Bat SC
Myctis septentrionalis Northam Bat Sc
Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC
Sorex dispar Long-tailed Shrew Sc
Sorex palustris punctulatus Southern Water Shrew SC
Sylvllagus hansitionalis New England Cottontail -
Aegoiius scadicus pop 1 pp ?n Northern
outher SC
et t
S
Falco peregrines Peregrine Falcon E -
Lo)da curvkostra pop 1 Appalachian Red
S SR
C
1
Poeae atricapillus practicus Southem Appalachian Black
capped Chickadee SC FSC
Sphyrapicus varius Appalachian Yellow-bellied SR
appaiachiensis Sapsucker
Thrymnanes bewk?6i akus Appalachian Bewicits Wren E FSC
Clemmys muhlenbergfi Bog Turtle T T(S/A)
Cryptobranchus alleganier?sis Hellbender SC FSC
Hemidactytium scutatum Four-toed Salamander SC -
Plethodon walled Wailes Salamander SC -
Cothts carolinae Banded Sculpin T -
GlyphyaCmia vanattai Honey Glyph Sc
int'lectarius subpalliatus Velvet Covert Sc
-
Palfifeca hemphflli Black Mtantleslug Sc
Paravitrea andrewsae High Mountain Supercofl Sc
Ventridens coelaxis Bidentate Dome Sc
-
A.scaocythere cosmefa Grayson Crayfish Ostracod SR FSC
Microhexura montivaga Spruce-fir Moss Spider SR LE
Speyeria diana Diana Fritillary SR FSC
Speyeria idalia Regal Fritillary SR FSC
Gymnoderma fineare Rock Gnome Lichen T LE
Plagiochlia virginica var a liverwort C FSC
carohniana
Sphenol bopsis pearsonii a liverwort PE FSC
Arethusa butbosa Bog Rose E -
Astdbe crenatilobe Roan False Goat's Beard C FSC
Cardamine cernatitis Mountain Bittercress C FSC
Carex senea Bronze Sedge E
Carex ofigosperma Few-seeded Sedge E -
Geum genicuiatum Bert, Averts T FSC
Gown rediatum Spreading Avens E-SC LE
Houstonia montana Roan Mountain Bluet E LE
Liatris hailed Hele-es Blazing Star T-SC LT
Lilium grayi Gray's Lily T-SC FSC
Pamassia grandifolia Largeaeaved Grass-of- T -
pamassus
Poa paludigena Bog Bluegrass E FSC
Saxifraga caroliniana Carolina Saxifrage C FSC
Senecio schweinitzlanus Schwejn&s Ragwort E -
Solidago spifhamaea Blue Ridge Goldenrod E LT
Thelypteris simulata Bog Fern T -
SHB,SZN G5T2Q
S2 G3
S3
S3
S2
S1
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2?
S1
S3
S1
S2
S1
S2
S1
SH
S2?
S1
S1
S2
S1
S2
S2
S3
S1
S1
S2
S2
S1
S1
G4
G5
G3
G5
G?
G?
G3
G?
G3
G?
G1
G3
G3
G2
G3T2
G2?
G4
GHQ
G2G3
G5
G4
G2
G1
GST2Q
G2
G3
G3G4
G3
G2
G5?
G1
G4G5
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HAB T T
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
A
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Historic - Avery - MAP -
HABIT AT
Historic - Avery - MAP -
HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Historic - Avery - MAP -
H Bg ITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HA ITAT
Obscure - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Obscure - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Obscure - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Historic - Avery - MAP -
HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITA
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
AT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABIT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MA..P - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - H ITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Historic - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
NC NHP database updated: July 1, 2000. Search performed on Thursday, August 24, 2000.
State Federal State Global County
Status Status Rank Rank Status
LE S1 G4T2 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
LE S1 G5T1 Current - Avery - MAP - HABITAT
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC

S2 G4T3
SUB,S2N G3
SUB,S2N G4
S1S2 G3G4
S2 G4
52 GM
S3 G4
S2B,S2N GM
S13,S2N G4
S38,S3N G5T7
S3 G5T7
FSC S26,S5N G5T?
http://www.ncsparks.netJnhp/elements2.fm 8/24/2000
Search Criteria: Watauga, All
Search Results: 123 records found.
Major Group Scientific Name Common Name State
status Federal
Status State Gbbal county
Rank Rank Status
Mammal Corynorhinus townsendii Virginia Big-eared Bat E LE S1 G4T2 Obscure Watauga - MAP -
virginlanus; HABITAT
Glaucomys sabrinus Carofina Northam Flying E LE S1 G5T1 Current - Watauga - MAP -
Mammal coloratus Squirrel
AT
HABIT
Mammal Neotoma magister Allegheny Woodrat SC FSC S1S2 G3G4 Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mammal Sorex palustris punk Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 GST3 Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mammal Syivilagus transriicinaks New England Cottontail - FSC S3 G4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABIT
Bird Accipiter cooperii Cooper's Hawk Sc - S3B,S3N G5 Currerd - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Bird Accipiter striates Sharp-shinned Hawk SR - S3B,S4N G5 Currant - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Bind Aegofius acadicus pop 1 Soumern Appalachian Northern SC FSC S2B,S2N G5T7 Cunfent - Watauga -MAP -
Saw.whet Owl H IT T
Bird Certhia americans Brown Creeper SR - S3B,S5N G5 Curtent - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Bird Coccyzus erythropthaknus Black-billed Cuckoo SR - S2B,SZN G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Bird Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler SR - S1 B,SZN G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Bird Empidonak alnorum Alder Flycatcher SR - S2B,SZN G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HA IT
Bird Passerculus sandwichensts Savannah Sparrow SR - S1 B,S5N G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -

AT
HABIT
Bird Pooscetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow SR - S2B,S2N G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABIT
AT
Bad Sphyrapiats vanus Appalachian Yellow? SR FSC S2B,S5N G5T? Current - Watauga - MAP -
appalachiensis Sapsucker HABITAT
Bird Verrnivora chrysoptem Golden-winged Warbler SR - S3B,SZN G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Bird Vireo gtlvus Warbling Vireo SR - S2B,SZN G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Reptile Clemmys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Current - Watauga - AP -
HABITAT
Amphibian Ctyptobranchus alleganiensis Hedbender SC FSC S3 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Amphibian Eurycea longicaude Longtail Salamander SC S1 S2 G5T5 Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
HABIT
longicauda
Amphibian Plethodon welleri Weller's Salamander SC - S2 G3 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Fish Etheostoma karswtae Kanawha Darter SR - S2S3 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Fish Exogkxmm laurne Tongue ied Minnow SR S2 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Fish Phenacobius teretulus Kanawha Minnow SC FSC S2S3 G3G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mollusk Elliptio dilatata Spike SC - S1 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mollusk Infleciarius subpaltiatus Velvet Covert SC - S2 G? Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mollusk Lasmigona subviridis Green Floater E FSC S1 G3 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mollusk Leptoxis dilatata Seep Mudalia T S1 G2? current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mollusk Paravitrea andrewsae High Mountain Supercoil SC S2 G? Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mollusk Ventridens coehaz Sidentate Dome Sc S2 G3 Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
ABITA
Insect Bolotoperla rossi a stonetty SR S3 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Insect Celastrira neglectamajor Appalachian Azure SR S37 G4 Current - Watauga -MAP - .
HABITAT
Insect Ceraclea menbea a caddisNy SR - S2? G? Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
hftp://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/elements2.fin 8/24/2000
-3earcn tcesuus

Insect
Euphydryas phaeton Baltimore Cheekerspot SR S2S3 G4 CAnt Watauga -MAP -
HABITAT
SR
- S3 G? Currard - Watauga - MAP -
Ittsecf Lhobrancha recurvata a mayfly
AT
HABIT
Insect Palseagapatus calsus a arddisfly SR - S27 G7 Current - Watauga - MAP -
H ITA

Insed
Pofygaia farurnus smytiri
Smyth's Green Comma
SR -
S2S3
G5T3T4 Obscure -Watauga -MAP -
HABITAT
Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
Insect Satyrium auyaevorum Hickory Hairsh k SR - S17 G4 HABITAT

Insect
Satyraan edwardsii
Edwards' Mairstreak
SR -
S27
G4 Obm" - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT

Insect
Shipsa rotrauda
a stonefly
SR -
S2S3
G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT

Insect
Speyeria Jana
Diana Fritillary
SR FSC
S3
G3 Cunard - Watauga - MAP -
HABIT
AT
SR - S2 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
Lichen Cetiaria srereria a foliose Ik*M HABITAT

Liverwort
Baaanfa raudicauiis
e liverwoR
C -
S2
G2G3 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Liverwort Pfagiochila austin6 a liverwort SR - S1S2 G3 Historic -Watauga-MAP-
HABITAT
C - S1 G2 istoric Watauga - MAP -
H
Liverwort Poreb wataugensis a liverwort H
Moss Rhyfidiu n nugosum Golden Tundra-moss SR - S2 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Moss Sphagnum angustitolium Narrowleaf Peatmoss SR - S1 G5
Watauga - MAP -
Current HABIT
Moss Sphagnum subseaundum var orange Peatrrmss C - S1 G5T4 Current -Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
subsemnxium

SR
G3 Current -Watauga -MAP -
Vascular Pliant Aaxriium tedinaRum Trading Wolfsbane HABITAT
C - S1 G5 Historic Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant gtabra
Arabks Tower Mustard I

vascular Plant Arisaema triphyllum ssp
stewardsord Jack-in-4he-pulptt
Bog SR - S1 G5T4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT

SR -
S1
G5 Current -Watauga -MAP -
Vascular Plant Bromus e>imttts Fringed Brome HABITAT
Historic - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Cam canaderrsis Canada Reed rass
9 SR - S1 G5 HABITAT

Vascular Flaunt
Cattha palustris Marsh Marigold SR - S1 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT

Vascular Plant
Cardamine dematltis Mourdarn BRtarcress C FSC S27 G2G3 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Historic -Watauga -MAP -
Vascular Plant Cardannine noturndifolia Mountain Watercress C - S1 G4 HABITAT
C - S1 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Carex tx umii Broom Bog Sedge HABITAT
Currant - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Cuuex misers Wretched Sedge SR - S3 G3 HABITAT
atauga - MAP -
Current
Vascular Plant Carex okpospenna Few-seeded Sedge E - S1 G4 W
HASITA
Vascular Plant Carex trisper" Three-seeded Sedge SR - S1 G5 Currant Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT

SR
S2
G4 Historic -Watauga -MAP -
Vascular Plant Careswoodn Woods Sedge HABITAT
Currerd - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Cladum rnariscoides Twig rush -
SR S2 G5 HABITAT
C S1 G5 Cunard - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Cystopteris fragUis Fragile Fern HABITAT

Vasadar Plant
Delphinium exaltatum
Tall Larkspur
ESC FSC
Si
G3 Cunard -Watauga -MAP -
.HABITAT

SR -
S2 Historic -Watauga -MAP -
Vascular Plant Dicerrtra eoomia Bleeding Heart HABITAT
Vascular Plant Dodecatheon meads var Eastern Shooting Star SR - S2 G5T5 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HA I AT
meadia

Vascular Plant
Epibbium aliatum
Purplaleaf Wlllowherb
SR
S2
G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Glade Spurge (= Darlington's C FSC S2 G3 Watauga - MAP -

Vascular Plant
Euphorbia purpurem
Spurge) HABITAT
Historic -Watauga -MAP -
Vascular Plant Fitipendula rubs Queen of flue prairie E - S1 G4G5 HABITAT
Current -Watauga -MAP -
Vascular Plant Garrtianopeis cxinita Fringed Gentian ESC - S7 HABITAT
hq://www.nesparks.net/nhp/elements2.frn 8/24/2000

Vascular Plant
Geum getrculatum g? Averts T FSC S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT

y„?r Plant
C, radratum
Spreading Averts
ESC LE
S1
G1 Curterrt -Watauga -MAP -
HA I A

C
S1
G4 Currant -Watauga -MAP -
vascular Plard Hefenrum propin4uurn Creeping Stmrose HABITAT
E S1 G5 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant HWDchbe odorata Holy Grass HABITAT

Vascular Plant
Houstoria rtwrdana
Roan Mountain Dust
E LE
S2
GST20 Current -Watauga -MAP -
HABITAT
Watauga - MAP -
nt
Curre
Vascular Plant Huparaa eppaiechiana Appalachian Fir-clubmoss C - S2 G4G5 n
A
l
l ESC - S2 G4 Historic Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plaid Hydrastis canadensis densea
Go
T - S1 G3 Curwd - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Dex cobne Long-stalkad Holly HABITAT
Vascular Plant Listris heileri Mallet's Blazing Star TSC LT S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant L-dium canadense ssp
canadense Yellow Canada Uly C - S1 G5747 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Lulium carradens+e ssp
editor= Red Canada Uly C - S1 GST4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -

HABITAT
Vascular Plant Li6um ow Grays Uly. TSC FSC S3 G3 Cumarrt - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
LMum p phkwn var Wood Uly C - S1 G5T? Current - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant philadelPhicum HAB T
C - S1 G5 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plaid Liperis ioeseiii Fen Orchid HABITAT
Vascular Plant Lonicara canadensis American Fly-honeysucide SR - S2 G5 CumaM - Watauga - MAP -

T
HABIT
C - S1 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Lycopodiem inundsta Bog Clubmoss HABITAT
d
t
t
i Meehania SR - S2 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant a
a
a cor
Mee
an HABIT
Large-leaved Grass-of- T _ S1 G3G4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Parttassia granddofra Pam HABITAT

C -
S1
GS Historic -Watauga -MAP -
Vascular Plant Pedkularis lanoeolata Swamp LorrseHrort HABITAT
Vascular Plant Piatanthera grandtfiora Large Purple-fringed Orchid SR - S2 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -

AT
HABIT
Vascular Plant Ptatardhera peramoena Purple Fringeless Orchid C - S1 G5 H B Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plard Poa paiudugena Bog Bluegrass E FSC S1 G3 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HA ITAT

Vascular Plant
Rtrododanduon vaseyi Pink-shell Azalea SR - S3 G3 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Rhynchocpora alba Northern White Beaksedge C - S2 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABIT
AT
Vascular Plant Sangrasorbe canadensis Canada Bumet SR - S3 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Sardfiaga caroliniana Carolina Saxifrage C FSC S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plard Saxifrage pensylvanica Swamp Saxifrage C S1 G5 Current Watauga - MAP -
HABIT
C S1 G3G4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Sc tellaria saxatifis Rock Skullcap HABITAT
E - S1 G5 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Sedum roses Rossroot HABITAT
Vascular Piard Senscio schwainhzianus Schweini&s Ragwort E S2 GS? Currerd - Watauga - MAP -
HABIT AT
Vascular Ptah Soklago ufiginosa Bog Goldenrod SR - S1S2 G4G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Sparganium chlorocarpum Gnwftd Bur-reed C S1 G5 Current Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Spiranthes ochroleuca Yellow Ladies'-tresses SR - SH G4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITA
Vascular Plant Taxi is canadensis Canada Yew SR S1 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HASIT6TT
Vascular Plant Vacannrn macrocarpon Cranberry C S2 G4 Cunard - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plaid Veronica americarra American Speedwell SR S2 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HA ITAT
Natural Community Acidic Cove Forest - - S5 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Carolina Hemlock Bluff - - - S2 G2G3 Current - Watauga - MAP
http://www.nespark-s.net/nhp/elements2.fm 8/24/2000
Natural Community Fraser Fir Forest - - S1 G1 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Heath Bald - S3 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community F Eamon Red Oak - - - S5 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Hig EitElevahon Rocky - - - S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community High Elevation Seep - - - S3 G3 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Monde Acidic Cllff - - - S3 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP
Northam Hardwood Forest
Natral Community (Beech Gap Subtype) S27 G27 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Northern Hardwood Forest _ S4 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP
(Typic Subtype)
Natural Community RRe Spruce -Fraser Fr - - S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natnaal Community Rich Care Forest - S4 G4 Current- Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Southern S Appalachian Bog - - S1 G1T1 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Sprat, CUff - - S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Swamp Forest-Bog S1 G2G3T1 Current - Watauga - MAP
Complex (Spruce Subtype)
SwunP Forest-Bog
Nahaa! Corrarariity Commplex (Typic Subtype) S2
- - MGM Current - Watauga - MAP
NC NHP database updated: July 1, 2000. Search performed on Thursday, August 24, 2000.
Do NOT bookmark this search results page, instead bookmark- www.ncsparks.net/nhp/element.html
http://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/elements2.fm 8/24/2000
Search Criteria: Watauga, Listed
Search Results: 40 records found.
Major Group Sciertlfic Name Common Name State Federal State Global County
Status Status Rank Rank Status
Mammal Corynorhintz towrrsenda Virginia Big-eared Bat E LE S1 G4T2 Obscure - Watauga - MAC -
virgimaruls HABITAT
Mammal Glaucomys sabrinus Carofirm Northern Flying E LE S1 GST1 Current - Watauga - MAP -
kxoloratus Squirrel HA5!Tf T
Mammal Neotoma megister Aliegherry Woodrat SC FSC S1 S2 G3G4 Obscure
"Watauga - t_v7c F -
HABI"'AT
Mammal Sorex Palusbis punctrdatus Southern Water Shrew SC FSC S2 G5T3 Obscure - Watauga - t A.P -
HABITAT
Mammal Sovifagustransotioralis New England Cottontail - FSC S3 G4 Historic - Watauga - MAr,
-
HABITAT
Bird Acciphar coopedi Cooper's Hawk SC - S3B,S3N G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Bird Aeons ecadicus pop 1 Southern Appalachian Northern SC FSC S2B,S2N G5T? Current - Watauga - MAP -
Saw whet Owl HABITAT
Bird Dendroica carulea Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Bird Sphyrapicus varies Appalachian Ya6ow-bellied SR FSC S2B,S5N G5T? Current - Watauga - Aq_AP -
appalachiensis Sapsucker HABITAT
Reptile Clemmys muhienbergii Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Current -Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hetirender SC FSC S3 G4 Current -Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Amphibian Eurycea longicauda Longtall Salamander SC - S1S2 G5T5 Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
korVicauda HABITAT
Amphibian Plethodon welled Wallet's Salamander SC S2 G3 Current - Watauga - MAr, -
HABITAT
Frsh Phenacobius teretulus Kanawha Minnow SC FSC S2S3 G3G4 Current - Watauga - MiA? -
HA91TA_T
Mollusk Etlipbo drtatala Spike SC S1 G5 Current - Watauga - fJAP -
HABITAT
Mollusk Inflec>ffiius subpall adus velvet covert Sc S2 G7 Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mollusk Lasmigona subviridis Green Floater E FSC S1 G3 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT

Mollusk
Leptoxis diatada
Seep Mudaila
T
-
S1
GZ?
Current - Watauga - MAP
-
H??1=AT
Mollusk Paravitrea andrewsae High Mountain Supercool Sc - S2 G? Obscure - Watauga -
HABITAT

Mollusk
Ventriders coefax<s
Bidantate Dome
SC
-
S2
G3 MAP -
Obscure - Watauga -
HABITAT
Insect Speyeria diana Diana Friti!!ary SR FSC S3 G3 Current - Watauga - Mum -
HABIT AT
Vascular Plant Cardamine ciematitis Mountain Bittercress C FSC S2? G2G3 Current - Watauga - Ml -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Carex obgosperma Few-seeded Sedge E - S1 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Delphinium emitatum Tall larkspur ESC FSC Si G3 Current - Watauga - MAp -
HABIT, AT
'
Vascular Plant Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge (= Darlington's C FSC S2 G3 Obscure
- Watauga - MAP -
Spurge) HABITAT
Vascular Plant Filipendula rubra Queen44he-prairie E - S1 G4G5 Historic - Watauga - MkF: -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Gentianopsis crinita Fringed Gentian ESC - S1 G4 Current - Watauga - MAF -
HABITAT

Vascular Plant
Geum geniculatum
Bert Averts
T
FSC
S2
G2 Current - Watauga - Mr?P -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Geum radiatum Spreading Averts ESC LE S1 G1 Current - Watauga - IvtAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Hierocrloe odorata Holy Grass E S1 G5 Historic - Watauga - fy H_= -
HABITA_7
Vascular Plant Houstonia rnontana Roan Mountain Bluet E LE S2 G572Q Current -Watauga - fv = -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant H rastis canadensis Golderrseal ESC - S2 G4 Historic - Watauga - h-,? -
_HA_5iTAT
Vascular Plant . Ilex coilina Long-stalked Holly T - S1 G3 Current -Watauga - MAc _

Vascular Plant L atris heiled Heller's Blazing Star T-SC LT S2 G2 Current - Watauga - IU_?.= -
Hi.51TA
http://vA,",w.ncsparks.net/nhp/elements2.fm 8/24/2000
Jt.ci vu n?5uu?
Vascular Plant Mum grayi Grass Lily T-SC FSC S3 G3 y putrerrt Watauga - M qc -
l.arge4eaved Grass at
T
- S1
G3G4 Histcnc - Watauga -
Vascular Plant Parrmssia grandifolia panmssus H43!TA.7A.
Vascular Plant Poa paiudigerm Bog Biuegrass E FSC S1 G3 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABi i AT
dh
S C FSC S2 G2 Currerrt - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Swdfraga carolirlarm age
ar
Carolina H.4°iTAT
E - S1 G5 Histo - Watauga - MA 0 -
Vascular Plant Sedum roses Roseroot HABITfi,T
Vascular Plant Seneca schweiritziaruis Schv^* 4&s Ragwort E - S2 G57 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
NC NHP database updated: July 1, 2000. Search performed on Thursday, August 24, 2000.
Do NOT bookmark this search results page, instead bookmark www.nesparks-net/nhp/element.btml
http://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/elements2.:6m 8/24/2000
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An Archaeological Survey of the
Diamond Creek Tract (800 acres): a focus
on high probability areas.
near Banner Elk Avery and
Watauga Counties, North Carolina.
(ER 01-7550)
Briece R. Edwards
9 January 2001
A report submitted to LandDesign, Inc.
Southern Pines, North Carolina
by
Cultural Resources Assessment Group (LLC)
Raleigh, North Carolina
An Archaeological Survey of the
Diamond Creek Tract (800 acres): a focus
on high probability areas.
near Banner Elk Avery and
Watauga Counties, North Carolina.
(ER 01-7550)

List of Figures
Page
Figure 1: Avery and Watauga Counties with the Project area (arrow).......... 4
Figure 2: The project area with archaeological sites ...............................5
Figure 3a: Aerial Photo of the project area with archaeological sites.......... 18
Figure 3b: Aerial Photo of the project area with archaeological sites .......... 19
Figure 4: Map from State Historic Preservation Office
indicating areas to be focused upon .................................... 20
Figure 5: Location of previous structure (31AV95** ............................21
Figure 6' Photograph of 31 AV89 ................................................... 23
Figure 7: Photograph of stone chimney fall at 31AV91** .......................25
Figure 8: Location of shovel test at 31AV91 ** .................................. .. 26
Figure 9: Location of shovel tests at 31AV92 .................................... .27
Figure 10: Photograph of 31AV93** .............................................. .28
Figure 11: Shovel test locations at 31AV95 and 31AV95** ................... .. 30
Figure 12: Photograph of site area at 31AV95 and 31AV95** ..................31
Figure 13: Location of shovel test at 31AV96 .................................... 32
Figure 14: Photograph of site area at 31 AV96 .................................... 33
Figure 15: Front view of headstone at 31AV98** ................................ 35
Figure 16: Side view of headstone at 31AV98** ................................. 35
Figure 17: Location of shovel test at 31AV99 .................................... 37

Diamond Creek Project
(ER 01-7550)
Management Summary
The archaeological reconnaissance survey of the Diamond Creek project focused on high
probability areas on an 800 acre tract near Banner Elk, Avery and Watauga Counties, North
Carolina (ER 01-7550) (Figure 1). The purpose of the survey was to find prehistoric and
historical archaeological sites within the project area that might be eligible for nomination to the
National Register of Historic Places. Field techniques relied on shovel tests at 100 foot (30
meter) intervals in the areas of high probability for significant archaeological remains. The field
effort concentrated on areas suitable for settlement in prehistoric and/or historic times:
floodplains, level ridges, hilltops, terraces, and the heads of hollows as well as steep inclines for
rock shelters.
In areas with exposed ground surfaces (plowed fields, logging roads, staging areas for
logging, powerline corridors, tree falls, etc.), the surveyors closely examined exposures for
prehistoric and historic artifacts. The project area falls into three distinct landforms; very steep
(in some places nearly vertical) exposed rock surfaces, slightly less steep wooded areas with thin
soils (less than 30cm) overlying rock with exposed rock outcrops, and heavily contoured and
manipulated soils. The latter is the result of previous attempts to create and landscape ski slopes
and runs on the property. In some instances this appears to have involved large-scale earth
moving. In an attempt to lengthen and create consistent ski slopes much of the area's endemic
soils have been shifted and fill brought in from elsewhere.
The site inventory includes 12 archaeological sites (Figure 2) representing both
preliisloric and historic periods (up to the late 19th or early 20th century). The prehistoric sites
cannot be assigned a date, since they are represented only by stone flakes, the by-products of
stone tool production. However we did record two possible rock shelters at 31AV89 and
31AV90. Historic sites include the remains of a stone chimney fall at 31AV91** and a probable
grave marker at 31AV98**. Each site appears in the following list with its state-assigned site
number, a brief description of the site and its research potential, and our opinion as to whether
the site should be considered eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places:
Site Number Type of Site Research Potential National Register
Potential
Dmnd Crk - 1 Prehistoric - rock shelter Possibly high Requires test excavations
31 AV89
Dmnd Crk - 2 Prehistoric - rock shelter Possibly high Requires test excavations
31 AV90
Dmnd Crk - 3 Historic - chimney fall Low Not eligible
31AV91 **
Dmnd Crk - 4 Prehistoric - lithic Low Not eligible
31 AV92
Dmnd Crk - 5 Historic - isolated find Low Not eligible
31AV93**
Dmnd Crk - 6 Prehistoric Low Not eligible
31 AV94
Dmnd Crk - 7 Prehistoric & historic Low Not eligible
31AV95 / 31AV95**
Dmnd Crk - 8 Prehistoric - lithic Possibly high; Requires test excavations
31 AV96
Dmnd Crk - 9 Prehistoric - lithic Low Not eligible
31 AV97
Dmnd Crk - 10 Historic - grave marked Low Not eligible - protected
31AV98** through state laws
protecting burials
Dmnd Crk - 11 Prehistoric - lithic Low Not eligible
31AV99
Dmnd Crk - 12 Prehistoric - lithic Low Not eligible
31AV100
Dmnd Crk - 15 Prehistoric - lithic Low Not eligible
31AV101
The rock shelters recorded as 31AV89 AND 31AV90 warrant further investigation. At
the time of the survey the sites were above the frost line. The frozen soils were not ideal for
testing at the time of survey however; there is the potential to find intact subsurface remains at
these sites. They are currently out of the area slated for development and could wait for
examination if and when development of this portion of the project area takes place.
Site 31AV96 is a small prehistoric site located at the headwaters of the stream on the
western edge of the tract. Soils at this site area indicated the possibility for an intact `A'-
horizon and may yield evidence of prehistoric use and settlement in this region of the
county/state. Given its proximity to the Golf hole up-lope this site will probably be impacted by
the creation of the golf course.
The inventory also includes one abandoned grave marker recorded as 31AV98**. The
grave is overgrown with trees and low ground cover. The single marker is a large flat un-
inscribed field stone with slight depression in the ground surface. Given its proximity to the now
extant house site recorded on the USGS quadrangle (Valle Crucis, NC - 1994) it probably was
associated with it. The grave does not appear to be eligible for nomination to the National
Register of Historic Places, in our opinion, but the burial is covered by the state's laws protecting
abandoned cemeteries. Either the burial must remain in place or the landowner must begin the
process of obtaining permission to transfer the burial. It is currently adjacent to the marked
wetland boundary and can easily be included in this protected area
We do not recommend additional archaeological studies of the prehistoric sites at
31AV92, 31AV94, 31AV97, 31AV99, 31AV100 and 31AV101. We do not recommend further
archaeological study at the historic sites of-3) 1AV91**, 31AV93**, 31AV95**, or the cemetery
at 31AV98**, the cemetery site is protected by state laws concerning human burials.
We recommend Phase II test excavations at 31 AV89, 31AV90, and 31AV96. The tests
should include a minimum of three one-meter squares at each site area.
Introduction
Proieet title: An Archaeological Survey of the Diamond Creek Tract (800 acres): with a focus
on high probability areas, near Banner Elk, Avery and Watauga Counties, North Carolina (ER
01-7550).
Location of the project: The project area is located approximately 2 miles southeast of Banner
Elk in Avery and Watauga counties, North Carolina. The tract is accessed via Dobbins Road
(SR 1337) east for 1.5 miles from the turn off of hwy 184. The eastern side of the survey area is
defined by Four Diamonds Ridge and encompasses Hanging Rock peak.
Contracting organization: Len Rindner
(for LandDesign, Inc. and John and Sharon McNeely)
Principal Investigator: Briece R. Edwards
Field Crew: Ian Edwards, Patrick Robertson
Oates of Survey: December 6 - 10 and 15-16, 2000
The following chapters follow the format of the Guidelines for Preparation of Archaeological
Survey Reports Reviewed by the Archaeology Branch, Division of Archives and History, North
Carolina Department of Cultural Resources and the 1992 edition of the style guide for American
Antiquity (volume 54, number 4). The sections include a description of the project's physical
environment and its probable influences on past settlement choices and site preservation; an
outline of the area's prehistoric and historic background; a description of field techniques; an
inventory of sites recorded during the survey; a discussion of the archaeological significance of
the sites recorded; recommendations for archaeological management; and a list of sources
consulted for the background research, survey, and evaluation.
4
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Figure l: Avery and Watauga Counties with the Project area (arrow).
Base Map: U.S.G.S. State of North Carolina.
Scale: one inch = eight miles.

?L
1 ?? N
Base Map U.S.G. S. Valle Crucis, N.C. 1994.
Scale: one inch = 2,000 feet.
Figure 2: The project area with arclhaeological sites.
6
Physical Environment
The project area falls within the Blue Ridge Province of the Appalachian Highlands. The
eastern section of the study area crosses the steep face of the Blue Ridge Escarpment. Avery and
Watauga Counties are on an irregular, mountainous plateau (ranging from 2,600 to 5,000 feet
AMSL) with higher, steep sided ridges abruptly rising hundreds of feet above the lowland
valleys. In the study area, elevations range from about 3,880 feet at the northern edge of the
tract to 5,200 at the top of hanging Rock. The lower elevations of the project area define the
southern edge and slope of Hanging Rock Creek valley. The mountains tend have sharp ridges
and steep sides, while the valleys below tend to have narrow, V-shaped, wet bottomlands. Over
two-thirds of the county's terrain is steep to very steep (30 - 60% slopes). Over 85% of the land
has slopes greater than 1501;. Dendritic stream patterns and drainages heavily dissect the entire
area (Daniels et ul 1984:48: U.S.D.A. 1944). One of the most prominent natural features of the
project area is the mountain pass at Deep Gap, which has provided a passage between the
Appalachian highlands and the Piedmont to the east since prehistoric times.
The climate of Avery and Watauga Counties is temperate and humid, with the high
summer temperatures (69 degree average) moderated by the high elevations, and winter's low
temperatures (36 degree average) alleviated by frequent warm spells. Rainfall is relative]}, high -
- about 54 to 57 inches annually. The heaviest rainfall is in the summer, often in the form of
afternoon thunderstorms, which contribute to some of the heavy soil erosion (U.S.D.A. 1944:55,
'N.C. Association of County Agricultural Agents 1988:95). The steep terrain and rapid runoff
sometimes lead to major floods, such as the flood of July 15, 1916 and the flood of August 13,
1940. The latter flood caused major damage around the eastern end of our project area,
especially near Deep Gap and Firescald Mountain. The floodwaters and more than 50 recorded
avalanches caused major loss of life and property, washing away houses and mills and
submerging the highway through the Deep Gap settlement (Greene 19411.
The soils of the uplands (including the project area) have developed in place from
material derived through the weathering of geologic formations composed primarily of highly
metamorphosed crystalline rocks. Most prominent rock formations in the area are Cranberry
granite, the Unicoi formation, Linville metadiabase, and Montezuma schist (U.S.D.A. 1955).
Cranberry granite is found near Elk Park and Cranberry stretching east past Banner Elk. This
formation is comprised of granite in varying texture and color. Schists and granitoid gnneisses,
derived from the granite, are found within the Cranberry granite formation (U.S.D.A. 1955).
The Unicoi fonnation extends south and east from Banner Elk, Smokey Gap, and Montezuma to
the Cranberry granite formation. The Unicoi formation is an old sedimentary formation and
includes some Montezuma schist and Linville metadiabase (U.S.D.A. 1955). Montezuma schist
is found in a narrow strip, running north from Montezuma to Hanging Rock Mountain consists of
bluish-green and green epidotic and chloritic schists (U.S.D.A. 1955). Linville metadiabase is
found primarily north of Linville and is a green coarse metadiabase and metagabbro (U.S.D.A.
1955). Although Avery and Watauga Counties are dominated by Lranite, they also possess areas
of volcanic and mctavolcanic rock (U.S.D.A. 1944:54), which probably provided sources of
workable stone for prehistoric stone toolmakers. Quartz is also abundant and was heavily used
in prehistoric times.
7
The soils of the project area are predominately of the Ashe, Clifton, Matney, Porters,
Rarnsey, and Tate soil series (U.S.D.A. 1955). The specific soils are listed in Table 1. The soil
erosion of the project area is classified as moderate gully erosion (G), moderate sheet erosion
(S), moderate gully and sheet erosion (SG), or severe sheet erosion (SS) (U.S.D.A. 1955).
Table 1. Soil series associated with the Diamond Creek tract.
Ck Clifton stoney clay loam, eroded hill phase.
Mh Matney stoney loam, eroded hilly phase.
Pm Porters stoney loam, hilly phase.
Rc Ramsev stoney loam, eroded steep phase.
Re Ramsey stoney loam, steep phase.
Rh Rock outcrop.
Sd Stoney colluvium (Tus uitee & Tate soil materials).
Se Stoney roughland (Ashe, Porters, & Ramsey soil
materials).
Te Tate stoney loam, undulating phase.
Th Tate stoney loam, rolling phase.
T? Tate stoney loam, hill phase.
The natural forests of the area varied widely within small areas, determined by the
broken terrain and elevation, slope angle and exposure, and drainage of the soils. In the bottoms,
coves, and terraces, the wetter "cove hardwoods" forests featured chestnut (made locally extinct
by blight early in this century), yellow poplar, white and Northern red oaks, basswood, red and
sugar maples, black birch, white ash, hemlock, and black locust. The "upland hardwoods" on the
drier slopes (especially south or east slopes) featured chestnut, red, white, black and northern red
oaks, hickories, and sounvood. The highest elevations featured red spruce and Fraser fir
(U.S.D.A. 1944:57). The hardwood forests contained a number of edible plants, including
chestnut, acorn, hickories, pawpaw, grapes, and hog peanut. Areas disturbed b_y forest fires or
land clearing would have featured a wide variety of edible berries and herbs. Early explorers,
such as Bishop Spangenberg in 1752, reported large meadows and old fields, including mountain
balds (Spangenberg 1922:55-56). Some of these clearings were probably the product of fires or
Indian farming. The area falls into the "oak-deer-chestnut" association described by Shelford
0963). The animals found there in natural conditions by prehistoric and early historic settlers
would have included bison, elk, deer, wolf, black bear, beaver, opossum, mountain lion, bobcat,
fox, raccoon, and squirrel. Birds important to early inhabitants of the area were passenger
pigeon (now extinct), turkey, grouse, and dove.
In his analysis and synthesis of prehistoric research in the Appalachian highlands of
North Carolina, Burt Purrington (1983:117) divided the terrain into several landfonn types for
studies of'prehistoric settlement patterns:
8
Terrain Description
_
A4uin I 'alley, fertile bOtlOMS floodplains and levees of the larger streams, such as the
South Fork of the New River
Mule 1•'allev, limited Bottoms I back-swamps, stony areas along larger streams
Alain Valley Allargins terraces, alluvial and colluvial fans, associated
rockshelters less than 80 feet above the stream
A1uin I alley Uplands slopes and low knolls or ridge spurs, rockshelters more
than 80 feet above
the main valley stream
Upland I'alk,
I- Bottoms and Alai-gins along the smaller streams, such as Gap Creek_ Laxon I
. Creek, Brown Branch, Rocky Branch -- bottomlands,
terraces, fans, level heads of Streams or hollows,
_ rockshelters less than 80 feet above the nearest stream
(ipland Pulley Z ,?2lunde slopes, ridge spurs, and low-knolls less than 80 feet
above the nearest stream, rock shelters more than 80 feet
above a main valley or an upland valley bottom
Ridgelop. ridges, saddles, gaps, and peaks more than 80 feet above
l permanent water
Some landforms were favored over others during different periods of prehistory and
history. For instance, uplands seemed to be favored during the Earle Archaic period. Middle
and Late Archaic and Early Woodland peoples seemed to range more broadly over both uplands
and lowlands, ''Whereas later prehistoric settlements, dependent on arable farmland, focussed on
better-drained floodplains. Early historic farmhouses tended to be located near springs at the
junctures of floodplains and hill-slopes. (For detailed descriptions, see the following sections on
prehistory and history).
Avery and Watauga Counties today are still largely rural, with slightly over half of the
county in woodland, about 20% in pasture, about 5% in cropland, and about 9% in urban or
developed areas (North Carolina Association of County Agricultural Agents 1988:95).
Prehistoric and Ethnohistoric Background
The best recent synthesis of regional prehistory for our study area is Burton Purrington`s
Ancient AllounlalneerR: un Overt icw of'Prehistoric Arch aeolciggv of'A,orlh Carolinu'c Western
MOIMIClill I?Cgiott (Purrington 1983). The followin<a, description of prehistory in the current
study area comes largely from his work.
The earliest known humans in the area were probably small bands of'nomadic hunter-
vratherers of the Clovis period (10,000 - 8,500 B.C. ). Clovis-like points have been found on very
rare occasions in the New River valley and its vicinity, so it seems likely that the study area was
sporadically occupied or at least visited by bands of Late Ice Age hunters 9.500 to 12,000 years
ago. At that time, the Appalachian environment was radically different. From about 18,000
B.C. to about 13,000 B.C.. the highlands were covered with tundra while the lower elevations of
the Appalachians were covered in boreal forests. The animals of these grasslands and boreal
9
forests included mastodon, mammoth, musk ox, elk, caribou, and mound sloth. From 13,000
B.C. to about 8,000 B.C., the tundra was gradually replaced with boreal forests, while northern
hardwood forests of beech, birch, hickory, and elm invaded the lower elevations. Eventually,
oak-chestnut forests covered the Appalachians in all but the highest elevations (Carbone
1974:89-91; Gardner 1974:29-30). We know almost nothing about these earliest North
Carolinians. They were probably nomadic hunters and gatherers, but we do not know whether
these eastern Paleo-Indians resembled their Paleo-Indian contemporaries west of the Mississippi
River, who were hunters of now-extinct big game animals such as mammoth and bison. No
intact Paleo-Indian sites have been excavated in the Appalachian highlands, but some of the
locational information on fluted point finds suggests that these people were hunting among the
herds of grazing animals in the upland tundras (Purrington 1983:107-109). Our survey found no
evidence of Paleo-Indian settlements in the project area.
The Hardaway-Dalton period (8,500 - 71500 B.C.) is the next phase of hunter-gatherer
development in the Appalachian Summit region. Again, we know almost nothing about the
culture of these early mountaineers, since their remains in the region are represented so far only
by points found in surface collections, and not by excavated campsites. As in the preceding
Paleo-Indian period, these sites are very scarce, suggesting either that the highland's resident
population was sparse or that the region was only visited, not occupied, by small, transient
groups such as hunting parties (Purrington 1983:109-110). We found no evidence of Hardaway-
Dalton sites in our study area.
The following Archaic period of prehistory is somewhat better known, but still the
subject of a great deal of speculation because we lack information about major aspects of
subsistence and social organization. Overviews of the Archaic period have suggested that the
Archaic cultures of eastern North America show an evolutionary sequence in which normadic or
semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers, fishers, and shellfish collectors developed regional adaptations
to the warner climates, expanding deciduous forests, and smaller game animals of the post-Ice
Age Holocene (Willey 1966:60; Caldwell 1958).
In Purrington's outline of Appalachian prehistory, the Early Archaic Kirk period is
represented by Palmer and Kirk points (nonnally corner-notched) and by Big Sandy I and Kessel
side-notched points. Evidence of Early Archaic settlements in the highlands is still scarce, but
these sites are much more common than sites of the preceding Late Ice Age periods. Purrington
has suggested that this period was the first to see permanent settlement of the upland
Appalachian region by ven- mobile goups of hunter-gatherers. Early Archaic Kirk sites occur
throughout the region's valleys and uplands, but they seem to show a strong bias for upland
terrain (Purrington 1983:1 10-1 13).
The Early Archaic LeCroy period (6,900 - 6,000 B.C.) is represented by bifurcated-based
points such as the LeCroy, St. Albans, MacCorkle, and Kanawha types. Sites of this type are
extremely rare in the highlands. In some parts of the Appalachian region of North Carolina,
these sites seem to show a trend toward occupation of the floodplains and adjoining valley
margins, a trend that continues throughout the rest of the Archaic (Purring-g-ton 1983:120). Our
survey found no LeCroy or similar sites in the project area.
10
Middle Archaic Stanl_y period sites (6,000 - 5,500 B.C.) tend to be rare in the
Appalachian Summit region, and Purrington suggests that the area was almost depopulated at the
time. In contrast, the contracting-stemmed points of the following Morrow Mountain period
(5,500 - 4,000 B.C.) are common in the region's bottomlands and uplands, suggesting a larger
population and greater success in exploitation of the mountain environment. Like the Morrow
Mountain period, the succeeding Guilford period (4,000 - 3,000 B.C.) is well represented
throughout a wide range of terrain in the Appalachian Summit (Purring-ton 1983:121-125).
Late Archaic Savannah River sites (3,000 - 1,000 B.C.) are common in North Carolina's
Appalachian region. In the Great Smokies area, Late Archaic sites have been found mostly on
the valley floors, but in the Watauga River basin closer to our project area, Late Archaic peoples
used a wide range of lowland and upland terrain. The Great Smokies pattern of heavy use of the
lowlands suggests that some Late Archaic groups were focussing on riverine and lowland
resources, growing in size, and becoming more*settled and less nomadic. On the other hand, the
Watauga River basin data suggest that some Late Archaic mountaineers still followed a Middle
Archaic subsistence strategy- as nomadic hunter-gatherers, widely ranging over the lowlands and
uplands in pursuit of a broad spectrum of plant and game resources. The Tenninal Archaic, or
Otarre phase (1,000 - 700 B.C.), is represented by small, stemmed points resembling small
variations of the Savannah River point type. Although archaeological evidence from Tennessee
suggests that some Otarre populations in the Appalachians had domesticated crops (sunflowers),
the locational information on Otarre sites from the Watauga River valley suggests that Otarre
groups in the area were still exploiting the full range of the landscape, following a nomadic
hunter-gatherer strategry similar to that followed in the Middle and Late Archaic periods
(Purrington 1983:125-131). Our survey found no Late Archaic sites in the project corridors.
In our project area, the Woodland period begins with the Swannanoa phase (700 - 300
B.C. ), featuring pottery for the first time. The diagnostic artifacts are ceramics featuring cord-
marks and fabric-impressions (rarely with simple stamps, check stamps, or smoothed, plain
surfaces) and projectile points classified as Swannanoa stemmed, Transylvania triangular
(relatively large and crude), and Plott short-stemmed. Although farming and more sedentary
villaL life were becoming common throughout much of southeastern North America at the time,
the settlements of the Swannanoa period occur across a wide range of upland and lowland
terrain, much like their Archaic hunter-gatherer predecessors or ancestors. Swannanoa
settlements seem to show no particular preference for the farmable bottomlands, in contrast with
the Woodland farming cultures of later centuries, when villages tended to concentrate on arable
floodplains (Purringrton 1983:131-135).
The Middle Woodland Pigeon phase (300 B.C. - A.D. 200) demonstrates the shift to
lowland village settlements, although upland hunting and gathering camps were still common.
The diagnostic artifacts of the Pigeon phase are pottery with crushed quartz temper, smoothed or
burnished interiors, check-stamped or smoothed exteriors (rarely simple stamped or complicated
stamped), and a variety of points, including large Garden Creek triangular, Camp Creek
triangular, narrow Copena triangular, and side notched Pigeon points. The Middle Woodland
Connestee phase (A.D. 200 - 600) is marked by sand-tempered ceramics with simple-stamped,
brushed, or plain surfaces, and Connestee and Haywood triangular points. The Connestee
peoples built long-term villages on the arable floodplains, and sometimes added platform temple
mounds (e.g., the Garden Creek site in Haywood County). To judge from the high number of
small Connestee sites in the uplands, hunting and gathering was still important. Influences from
areas outside Appalachia, such as Ohio and Georgia, become noticeable in the archaeological
record (Purrington 1983:135-141).
Purrington describes an "Unnamed Late Woodland Phase" (A.D. 600 - 1000), possibly
featuring Haywood triangular points and Southern Appalachian pentagonal points and
Connestee-like ceramics. Much clearer evidence exists for the Mississippian Pisgah phase (A.D.
1000 - 1450), characterized by small, isosceles triangular points and fabric-impressed, smoothed,
cord-marked, or complicated stamped pottery. The Pisgah phase has been intensively studied
through archaeological excavations, yielding evidence of farming and palisaded villages,
sometimes equipped with civic/ceremonial structures such as earth lodges and platform mounds.
Pisgah villages and farmsteads in the Watauga River basin are apparently almost always found
on floodplains and main valley margins, with small campsites scattered throughout the lowlands
and uplands. The succeeding Qualla phase (A.D. 1450 - 1838), which grew out of the Pisgah
phase, is the archaeological aspect of the Cherokee culture of the Appalachian Summit. Qualla
artifacts include pottery v"rith folded rim fillets, curvilinear complicated stamping, incising, and
occasionally cob-impressions, check stamps, cord-marks, and brushing. Small triangular arrow
points are also common. Like the Pisgah phase, Qualla peoples built semi-permanent farm
villages in the valleys, Occasionally with platform mounds as civic/ceremonial centerpieces.
Unlike the Pisgah villages with their stockades and tight clusters of houses, Qualla villages
tended to lack enclosing stockades and were spread out along wide riverbanks. Qualla sites in
the uplands are relatively rare (Purrington 1983:142-151).
The Cherokee Indians were formerly the largest tribe in the Southeast. The Cherokee
were known to Europeans as early as the 1500's, when Spanish conquistadores under De Soto
and Juan Pardo traveled into the Appalachian reygion. The English colonists of the Carolinas
apparently became aware of the Cherokees by that name in the last half of the 1600's. South
Carolina signed a treaty with some of the Cherokee in 1684, and some Cherokee sided with the
Enulish in the Tuscarora War in 1713, but Indian relations with English explorers, traders, gold
seekers tended to be rocky. Unlike most southeastern Indians, however, the Cherokee
maintained much of their land, language, and culture well into the historic period, because their
population was large, well organized, and settled in defensible mountain terrain. Around 1738,
smallpox from the European colonies broke out among the Cherokee, with devastating results.
(In 1 729., one English estimate put the number of Cherokee warriors at around 6,000, a number
that dropped to around 2.590 by 1755, suggesting a population loss of over 50110.)
During the French and Indian War, the Cherokee were initially allied with the English,
who treated the Indians badly and turned them into enemies, however. In one incident, Virginia
frontiersmen killed and scalped several Cherokee warriors and collected bounties on the scalps,
which were passed off as enemy scalps. Some of the Cherokee warriors began raiding frontier
settlements, but Cherokee leaders who sought to re-establish peace with the English in 1759
were taken hostage by South Carolina and later massacred by their captors. The Cherokee
12
defeated an English army in 1760 in a battle near Franklin, North Carolina but eventually lost the
war when their Middle and Lower Towns were destroyed by Anglo-American troops. The peace
treaty, concluded in 1763, led to massive immigration of colonists into Cherokee territory, and
the resulting friction led to a Cherokee alliance with the British Crown at the outbreak of the
Revolution. 1776 was a particularly bad year for the Cherokee, who suffered from the invasions
of four Revolutionary expeditions and saw scores of their towns leveled. Peace was re-
established in 1794, but the Cherokee continued to lose territory throughout the ante-bellum
period. In the 1820's, the eastern band of Cherokee established a constitutional government
based on the U.S. government, and in 1821, Sequoyah unveiled his system of writing for the
Cherokee language.
By 1828, the Cherokee nation even had its own newspaper, The Cherokee IPhoeIV ,
published in both Cherokee and English. In spite of these developments, the Cherokee remained
vulnerable to encroachments by their non-Indian neighbors, coming to a head after the discovery
of gold in 1828 in Cherokee territory in Georgia. Agitation for the eviction of the Cherokees
from the Appalachian re&non came to fruition in the 1835 Treaty of New Echota, signed by a
small minority of Cherokees and opposed by the great majority. The Federal army forcefully
removed the eastern Cherokees in 1838 and 1839, sending them on forced marches to the
western territories in present-day Oklahoma. This shameful episode, known as "The Trail of
Tears," led to the deaths of about one-quarter of the tribe. A few hundred Oconaluftee
Cherokees hid in the mountains of North Carolina, where they were finally allowed to stay after
1842, eventually establishing the "Qualla Boundary" and the present eastern Cherokee
reservation (Swanton 1946:110-115; Perdue 1985:32-44).
Although Avery and Watauga counties were probably part of the Cherokee territory in
late prehistoric and early historic times, the land was apparently depopulated by the time the
earliest European explorers and settlers arrived. When Bishop Spangenberg spent two weeks
travelling in the New River area in 1752, he apparently encountered not a single inhabitant,
although he did observe cleared areas that he attributed to abandoned Indian farmland
(Spangenberg 1922). Purrington (1983:150-151) has suggested from archaeological evidence
that late prehistoric/early historic Qualla (or Cherokee) settlements in the region became
relatively rare, although the area was still used by hunting, trading, or raiding parties. By the
18th century, at least, the Cherokee had been devastated by outbreaks of smallpox and warfare
with colonists and neighboring Indian groups. It seems likely that they were withdrawing to the
Cherokee heartland in the mountains to the southwest, leaving the study area almost uninhabited.
Historic Background
Our research on the history of the project area involved studies in the North Carolina
Collection (UNC Chapel Hill). in the North Carolina State Archives Search Room and
Genealogical Library, the North Carolina office of Survev and Planning as well as the Office of
State Archaeology.
13
Watauga county was formed in 1849 form Ashe, Wilkes, Caldwell, and Yancey and
named after a regional Native American tribe (Corbitt 1950). Avery county is relatively young,
having been established in 1911 from parts of Mitchell, Watauga, and Caldwell Counties
(Corbitt 1950). Prior to 1911 the section of Avery County that the current project area
encompasses was part of Watauga County. The history of both Avery and Watuaga counties
parallels that of the northwestern region of North Carolina in that it is notable for its turbulent
history.
In 1760, just after the French and Indian wear had ended, pioneers believed that the threat
of Indian hostilities had ceased. Many received land grants from Virginia to settle land on the
upper Holston, Watauga, and Nolichucky rivers (Brown 1993 :12). Among the first known
colonists in the region was Daniel Boone, who explored the region extensively in the 1760's.
Local tradition states that Boone lived for short periods of time in a cabin on the present site of
Appalachian State University in the town that now bears his name (Whitener 1949:28-29). Soon
after these pioneers had claimed land a survey was conducted to find that some of these settlers
had actually cleared land in North Carolina and would no longer receive protection from
Virginia. The settlers of the region obtained rights from the still present Cherokee to remain in
residence and proceeded to infonn the state of North Carolina of their intentions. These early
settlements that took place along the Watauga River (known as the Watauga settlements) were
the first permanent white settlements in western North Carolina (Blackmun 1977: 99-100). Due
to the physical location of the settlements they were isolated geographically, economically, and
politically from the government of North Carolina. In 1772 the Watauga settlers came together
and drafted the Articles of the Watauga Association defining political structure for purposes of
overning and protecting themselves (Brown 1993:13).
The Watuaga settlers were relatively unaffected by the opening of hostilities between the
Colonies and England. The more immediate threat to the settlers were confrontations with the
Cherokee who were intent upon exterminating white settlers throughout western North Carolina.
In an effort to seek support the Watuaga settlers petitioned and were granted formal recognition
by the state of North Carolina as the Washington District (Brown 1993:13). In 1777 new
boundaries were drawn that allowed for European settlement of the region.
With hostilities escalating between the colonies and the British, few of the western North
Carolinians Joined the Continental Ann,, most of the settlers remained at home in the Blue
Ridge Mountains. However, when the Watauga settlers learned of the English plans to occupy
the region action was taken. An untrained militia was formed which remained unattached to the
state or Continental Army. The militia became known as the Overmountain Men and they were
comprised of individuals from east Tennessee and western North Carolina. In 1780 the so-called
Overniountain Men trekked from their settlements in the Blue Ridue to King's Mountain in
South Carolina. The British were well established upon the ridgetop and proved to be a
formidable force. In light of the obvious advantage of the British, traitors in the Overmountain
Men militia deserted and informed the English of their plans to attack. As a result the
Overmountian Men adopted an alternate strategy, which lead to the resounding defeat of the
British at King's Mountain.
14
Subsequent to the Revolutionary War, conflicts of interest led the leaders west of the
Blue Ridge to entertain notions of succession from the state of North Carolina. Regional leaders
met in 1784 and drew up a constitutional document and proposed Franklin be the name of the
new state they wished to create, however, official recognition never occurred. Strangely enough
the unrecognized state operated locally and signed a treaty with the Cherokee. Although it held
no official status all the counties in the state of Franklin were represented in the North Carolina
General Assembly between 1784 and 1788 (Brown 1993:14). By 1789, the state of North
Carolina conceded to the cession of its western lands, among them Washington District, to the
Republic. This shrank the western boundary of North Carolina to its present position, its former
lands absorbed by Tennessee (Corbitt 1950).
The intervening years between the close of the Revolutionary war and the
commencement of the Civil War allowed many the chance to farmstead. The choice of an
Appalachian farmstead location was influenced by several geographical factors. Proximity to a
spring (or at least a stream) for both water and food preservation was vital, since reliable well-
drilling machinery for penetrating the rocky soil was not commonly used until the middle of this
century. Hilltops were considered poor choices because of their exposure to winter storms. (In
an interesting contrast, Early Archaic sites in the region are commonly found on such exposed
hilltops [see above], suggesting that they were occupied during the warmer months.) A southern
exposure was preferred because of the additional wan-nth provided by the winter sun. Access to
roads was also necessary, but a buffer space between a main road and the dwelling was
considered essential for privacy. A popular location for a dwelling was the juncture of
floodplains and hill-slope, allowing the house to sit slightly above the floodplain. With this
arrangement, the arable land was left for farming, and the house had protection from the rear
while maintaining a view of the farmland. As the landscape filled up with settlers, such ideal
house sites became scarce, and farmers began building their homes in coves and on higher
slopes. In the second half of this century, improved roads, mobile well-drilling machinery,
heavy earthmovinu equipment for land leveling, and a groNving population led to the construction
of many houses in less accessible areas and on dry, exposed hilltops (Keber 1978:196-201).
During the Civil War. Watau<(a County began as a pro-Confederate stronghold, providing
about 1,000 soldiers to the Southern cause, but Union sympathizers were numerous among the
mountaineers. By 1864, the Confederacy had weakened, Union supporters began to work more
actively and openly, and Watauga County became a battleground between Confederate Horne
Guards and Union guerrillas. In the bloodshed of those years, it was difficult to separate some of
the incidents of violence into those stemming from "political" acts of war and those arising from
feuds and the settling of old scores. The presence of bandits and marauding deserters or
"bummers" added to the climate of violence and uncertainty. Troops from both sides and bandits
claiming lovalr - to one side or another terrorized the mountains, often looting and killing almost
at will (Hargrove 1989-11).
One of the major events of the Civil War in Watauga County was Stoneman's Raid,
taking place near the end of the war. In 1865, Federal cavalry under Major General George H.
Stoneman, based in Tennessee, moved eastward through western North Carolina and Virginia
with the assignment of destroying Confederate rail traffic. The advance guard attacked Boone
1_>
on March 28, 1865. A number of raiders and local civilians were killed in brief skirmishes, and
the jail at Boone was burned, along with the county records (Barrett 1963:350-351). After
General Stoneman and the First Brigade moved on to Wilkesboro through Deep Gap, General
George Kirk and the Second and Third North Carolina Mounted Infantry replaced him in Boone
on April 6. Kirk's task was to hold the county and fortify the roads and passes in the area against
counter-attacks by Confederate cavalry. Under Federal Brigadier General Tillson, the Second
North Carolina Mounted Infantry built fortifications at Deep Gap. The construction work was
apparently performed by conscripted civilians and captured members of the Confederate Home
Guard. According to local tradition, the main fortification at Deep Gap was a stockade and an
encircling trench, enclosing about one acre (Arthur 1915:179). In addition to the stockade, the
Federals built breastworks to the east along the road through the Gap. This entrenchment was a.
crescent-shaped ditch, largely destroyed by the construction of the Blue Ridge Parkway around
1959 (Van Noppen 1961). The site of the fort is marked on the south side of U.S. 421 by State
Highway Marker N-33, which reads "STONEMAN'S RAID: On a raid through western North
Carolina, Federal forces under Gen. George Stoneman erected a palisaded fort here in April
1865." Only a trace of the breastworks is visible in the area south of U.S. 421 and north of the
Blue Ridge Parkway access ramp.
After the War, Watauga County experienced few changes for several decades. The area
remained one of North Carolina's "Lost Provinces," along with Ashe and Alleghany Counties
(Avery County did not exist as of yet), isolated from the rest of North Carolina by poor roads
from the Piedmont. For these northwestern mountain counties, trade with Tennessee and
Virginia was much more important than with other parts of North Carolina. A rail connection
did not reach the region until 1917, when the Eastern Tennessee and Northwestern North
Carolina Railroad (primarily a timber railroad) connected Boone with Johnson City, Tennessee
(This line was destroyed by the 1940 flood). The population grew steadily during the late-
nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, however. In 1870, the population of Watauga County
was 5,287, and almost double by 1890, and reaching over 13,000 in 1910 (Whitener 1949:48).
Another change was the new emphasis on the tourist industry, catering to summertime visitors
escaping the heat and malaria of the coast and Piedmont. Blowing Rock, to the south of Boone,
was an early resort with summer residences and boarding houses dating to the antebellurn period.
After the War, the summer tourist trade grew, leading to the construction of the Blowing Rock
Hotel in 1885 (Van Noppen 1973:371). Tourism has since become a major part of the region's
economy.
In 1911, when Aver County was created from parts of Mitchell, Watauga and Caldwell
Counties, it was decided that the county seat would be Newland (Corbitt 1950). The count)
name comes from Colonel Waightstill Avery, who served in the Revolutionary War and later
became North Carolina's first attorney general. At the time Avery Count), was created there
were no paved roads within its boundaries. Many local attempts were made to construct roads
and raise funds for road construction, however these attempts failed. It was not until the 1920's
that the state took over all road construction and maintenance for Avery and Watauga Counties.
Major changes came to Watauga and Avery Counties after about 1920. North Carolina's "Good
Roads" campaign of the 1920's led to the construction of hard-surfaced roads within the counties
16
and with areas to the east, finally linking the "Lost Provinces" with the rest of the state. The
Blue Ridge Parkway, begun in the 1930's, opened up larger sections of the mountains to tourists.
Appalachian State University also became a major regional influence. Founded in 1899
at Boone as the Watauga Academv, the school became a state-supported institution, the
Appalachian Training School for teachers, in 1903. It went through several transformations as
the Appalachian State Normal School (1925-1929) and Appalachian State Teachers College
(beginning in 1929), before it became Appalachian State University in the 1960's.
The introduction of commercial farming led to the rise of the dairy industry, burley
tobacco, and truck farming, as well as (in recent years) Christmas tree farming (Whitener
1949:49, 74-85). Today almost half of the farm income is from horticultural products, timber,
and Christmas trees. About one-quarter is from poultry, 15% is from cattle and dairying, and
about 10% from burley tobacco and other field crops (North Carolina Association of County
Agricultural Agents 1988:95).
Archaeological Research in the Project Vicinity
Reviews of the site files in the Office of State Archaeology showed that no knONAm
archaeological sites have been recorded within the project area. However, a total of 32
archaeological sites are found within a two and a half mile radius from the project area. Twenty-
eight of these are found in Watauga County, and four are located in Avery County.
Unfortunately very little information is available regarding the majority of the recorded sites in
the area. This is most likely due to the time period in which they were recorded. All of the 32
archaeological sites were recorded in the early--mid l 970's under different guidelines and
standards than emploved today. As a result, we find discrepancies in the recording of the sites
and can therefor only give a brief summarization of the information found in the follm ing table.
Table 2. Aver, Counts' sites in the project vicinity (2.5 mile radius).
Site Number j Lithics Present Ceramics Diagnostics Historic Time Period ?I
Present Present component

?---
1 A?'17

Yes

No
.....

>
es

! No _
- -
Early Archaic
1 AV18 Yes .. t
No ,
Yes No Earle R Late
_
- Archaic
1 AV 19 Yes Yes Yes Yes Late .Archaic, Farb
Woodland, &
Historic
31.AV20 ' Yes No Yes Yes _
Late Archaic &
Historic 20"' cent.
17
Table 3- Watanna rrnrnty sites in the nrmiect vicinity (2.5 mile radius).
Site Number Lithics Present Ceramics
Present Diagnostics
Present Historic
Component Time Period
31 "761 Yes

I
No
Yes
No
Mid-Late Archaic &
Early Woodland
3l WT62 Yes No Yes No Middle Archaic
31V1763 1 Yes Yes Unknown I Yes Prehistoric
Historic
3l W764 Yes j Yes Yes No Middle Archaic.
31\VT82 Yes Yes Yes Yes Prehistoric
Historic
31VrT138
! Yes I Yes Yes Yes Early-Mid-Late !
Archaic & Historic
31\N'7145 Yes Yes Yes Yes Prehistoric &
Historic
1 WT218 Yes No Unknown No Prehistoric
1 WT224 Yes Yes Unknown No Woodland*
31 "'T225 Yes Yes Unknown No Woodland*
31 "7226 Yes No Unknown No Prehistoric
31 "'T'227 Yes Yes Unknown No Woodland*
31 WT228 Yes Yes Unknown No Woodland*
! 34 W'T229
31IAi230 Yes j
Yes No
No Unknown
Unknown No
No Prehistoric
Prehistoric
31WT231 Yes No Unknown No Prehistoric
3I"TT232 Yes No Unknown No Prehistoric
31 W 7233 Yes No Unknown No Prehistoric
3TV1'T234 Yes No Unknown No Prehistoric
31"7235 Yes No Unknown No Prehistoric
31 W7236 Yes No Unknown No Prehistoric
31 "7237 Yes No Unknown No Prehistoric
31 "7311 N/A N/A N/A N/A LN/A
31 "7312 N/A N/A NIA ? N'A ! N/A
31"7313 ! N/A I N/A N/A N/A N!A
1 WT3 ] 4 N/A N/A N/A _ N/A N/A
31 WT315 N/A N/A N/A N/A N!.A
31 M'T329 ! N/A ! N/A I N/A N/A I N/A
* Desi-nation of \Voodland is based on the listin?? of "Ceramics" recorded on each site forni.
A review- of prehistoric site locations on file in the Office of State Archaeology shows
that mane of the larLer villaLe sites are on better-drained floodplain soils. This correlation of
Conalaree and similar soils with Woodland village sites also seems to hold true for the Piedmont.
However, none of these soil types were present in the current project area. Our survey_ shows that
smaller settlements sometimes occupied the less well-drained soils of narrow upland valleys and
spring-heads.
18 1?
Fi??ure 3: Aerial Photo of the project area with archaeological sites. N
2 km W of Seven Devils, North Carolina, United States 2^ Oct
OZE us GS
19
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MATCH LINE WI TOP E « p qL??r? :? i?
OF PAGE 1
r

R.
Fl-ure Aerial Photo of the pro*ect area with archaeolo-ical sites.
Y: L"ri r '?w
FOR SURVEY AND STUDY PURPOSES ONLY
SUBJECT TO USACE VERIFICATION
20
Figure 4: Map from State Historic Preservation Office
indicating areas to be focused upon.
21
Lk = A Tk _ r. `Tt \ Re Mn Se Re1,,•,.?Mh
(R, C7 Rc
L o Rc
Se c\
71Te Rc Se
Rc h i
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Se ?
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d ; Re 1 k li ' ?kJ vC Co i ? . Sd
Mh 1 f wa/ hMn ovvC Ct/
7f RcAd Tf• e h Be .1 S CSe; /' h-"'`\ Rc _ ..Se I
e
Wf\ Cdr. 'TkVV k v v °. f
M `vRRh Pm ly(. Hanging
4Q hAk • k
Se \ Rock "
.\C a U?4p zt,er . ?, Sd Mtl Rc Ck ? ?
\aMd T µ,u in -. .a? Rh
We ... Cd • MOTs -Re yFa G G Tg Sd
?( f Sevcp,th D? ,y dve I a'y\`? Mn? \ R[ Mho.
Cd Cho i ti r ?R` 31 AV95** 1
?? I TI) Rc I,Sd
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'A8v
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Ph C)
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Re Mh S SS S S S , i
?• ?.? Mh SS v S Se
i PI
Re Sb Rc Mm Th Y / Mh g m Pm i\ ta?? S,`
Se v.m S
Re i'Rc "? 1 R S S S Rh \
Rc \ \
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Tc RC
• " Q Rc
\ ^ O
M. ? Ji?Tf
Mh Rc Rn \ r
N \?
/ " \\
Fi,(Ture 5,: Location of previous (now extant) structures in the projecl area.
19;; Soil Survev of.Avery C'oumv.

Field Methods
Since most of the project area is in forest or pasture, the survey relied heavily on
screened shovel tests at intervals of 30 meters (100 feet). The shovel tests measured about 35 to
45 centimeters (14 to 18 inches) across and were excavated to the underlying clay subsoil. Soil
from shovel tests was screened through 1/4 inch hardware cloth. Whenever a surveyor
uncovered an artifact in a shovel test, the survey crew dug additional shovel tests at 10 and 20
meter intervals along the transect and at right angles to it. In areas with exposed ground surfaces
(plowed fields, farmroads, treefalls, etc.), the surveyors closely examined the area for prehistoric
and historic artifacts.
We defined a prehistoric site as an area where we found at least one artifact dating to the
prehistoric period (for example, a flake from manufacturing or repairing stone tools, a stone
projectile point, or a potsherd). We defined an historic site as an area containing patterned
evidence of settlement (house foundations, for example) or industry (a mill or still site, for
example) dating between colonial settlement in the mid-eighteenth century and 1950 (the
minimum age for National Register of Historic Places eligibility is 50 years). Practically
applied, we would classify the remains of a house, a mill, a bridge, a foundry, or even a garbage
dump dating before 1950 as an archaeological site. An isolated fragment of whiteware or bottle
glass would not be recorded as a site.
Results of the Survey
This section presents the inventory of archaeological sites recorded during our survey of
the project area. Under each site, we include information on the site's period of occupation (if
known), the artifacts collected, the techniques used to locate and define the site, some of the
relevant environmental details, indications of preservation or disturbance, potential for future
research, and speculations on the effects of project construction on the sites. The site forms
submitted to the Office of State Archaeology (OSA) list additional environmental information
(elevation, distance from water, etc.). Later sections address the question of each site's
siunificance and recommendations for each site.
The survey recorded 12 archaeological sites. Figures 2 and 3 show the location of each
site. The site numbers are assigned by the Office of State Archaeology under the national system
of site identification. in which "31" stands for North Carolina, "W7 stands for Watauga Countv
and "AV" for Avery County. The last numbers represent the order in which the site was entered
into the OSA site files for each County. The "**" suffix indicates a historic period site.
Accession numbers are also assigned by the OSA, and each number is inked onto the artifacts to
help in future identification after curation.
In prehrninan? comments on the Diamond Creek Project (ER 01-7550), the State Historic
Preservation Officer (see Appendix One) did not identify any previously known archaeological
23
sites,Aithin the project boundaries. However areas of concern and high probability were
identified (Figure 4) for archaeological examination. A review of site files at OSA identified
numerous sites nearby on the rocky southeast slopes on the eastern side of Hanging Rock and
Snakeden Ridges, (Watauga County) as well as several lowland valley and floodplain sites close
by in Avery County. A review of historic maps identified two houses previously on the tract
(Figure 5). Only scant archaeological evidence survives at the location of one of these house
sites (31AV95**) the other has been destroyed leaving no evidence of its location.
Dmnd Crk I
Site No. 31AN'89
Acen. No. 201003
UTM 0424820 x 3999899
Type ofsite: This prehistoric rock-shelter (Figure 6) is represented by a partial felsic preform
and three felsic primary forming flakes. The artifacts were recovered from an exposure under
the rock overhang. The overhang protects an area two meters wide and a meter and half deep
with the highest point about a meter and a half at the opening. The lack of diagnostic artifacts
makes it impossible to assign a date to the site.
How recorded: During a surface inspection of the steep western slope of Four Diamonds Ridge,
the surveyors found the large rock outcrop and stone overhang. A thorough check of the vicinity
identified a second rockshelter 40 meters down slope. Based on the distance between the two
areas and the lack of suitable outcrops between the two they were designated as two shelter sites.
Figure 6. Photo of 31AV89.
24
Environment: The site is northwest (down slope) from the access road parallel to Four
Diamonds Ridge on a slight flat on the ridge slope. This wooded slope has numerous rack
outcrops with little undergrowth. Nearby (30 meters to the southeast) is a small seasonal spring.
The soils are listed as Ramsey stony loam, eroded steep phase (Rc).
Signs of-preservation or disturbance: Natural erosion processes are the primary sources of
disturbance at the site.
Rcscurch poientiul: Though the site has a low density of artifacts the area immediately
associated with overhang may generate further archaeological information regarding the
prehistory of the region. The landowner has agreed to a Phase 11 testing of the site by Cultural
Resources Assessment Group to be conducted by spring 2001.
Dmnd Crk 2
Site No. 31AN190
Acen. No. 201004
UTNI 0424780 x 3999880
7i y?e of site This prehistoric rockshelter is represented by one secondary quartz flake and one
heat altered quartz core. The artifacts were recovered from a shovel test located at the base of a
rock overhang. The lack of diagnostic artifacts makes it impossible to assign a date to the site.
HoN, recorded: During a surface inspection of the steep western slope of Four Diamonds Ridge,
the survevors found the large rock outcrop and stone overhang. This site is located 40 meters
down slope from 31AV89. Based on the distance between the two areas and the lack of suitable
outcrops between the two they wvere designated as two rockshelter sites.
Fns ir•onment: 31 AV90 is northwest (down slope) from the access road parallel to Four
Diamonds Ridge. The site is situated in a slight bowl on a wooded slope with little undergrowth
near the headwaters of an intermittent spring. The soils are listed as Ramsey stony loam, eroded
steep phase (Rc).
Si(,ns of'preservution or clisturhunce: Natural erosion processes are the primary sources of
disturbance at the site.
Research pore ntiul: Though the site has a low density of artifacts, its proximity to the spring, and
relative protection from the elements may generate further archaeological information regarding
the prehistory of the region. The landowner has agreed to a Phase 11 testing of the site by
Cultural Resources Assessment Group to be conducted by spring 2001.
n?
Figure T Photograph of stone chimney fall at 31AV91**
Dmnd Crk 3
Site No. 31AV91YY
Accn. No. 201005 UTM 0425140 x 4001500
Tape of'site: This historic-period house site is represented by a stone chimney fall (Figure 7)
from an area of 20 meters in diameter. The house is not indicated on the Avery County soil
survey map (1955) nor does it appear on the 193 8 State highways and roads map of the county.
The 1938 map does indicate a nearby road traversing the saddle between Hanging Rock and the
adjacent hill northward and would have facilitated transportation to and from the site. Artifacts
recovered from the site are one piece of aqua window glass (ST-3); and one heavily corroded
round kvire nail (ST-4). This would suggest that the structure dates from the late nineteenth-
earl, twentieth century.
Hoy, recorded: The survevors identified the stone chimney fall as well as a nearby fence line to
the northeast while conducting a shovel transect along a low ridge above Hanging Rock Creek.
A total of seven shovel tests were conducted at the site with only two yielding artifacts.
26

?? Fence-line
O
ST-1
Chimney fall
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ST-7
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ST-3
® = positive shovel test
O = negative shovel test O
ST-6
Figure 8. Location of shovel tests at 31 AV 91 **
Environment: The site is located south of Hanging Rock Creek on partially wooded east-west
ridge undistinguished on the USGS quad map (1994). The site is located at the edge of a tree
line adjacent to a shallow bowl now covered in cut fnass - part of the previous landscaping for
the ski-run. The soil is Tate stoney loam, rolling phase (Th).
Si MS of pre,vei-vution or disturbance: Previous agricultural plowing and soil erosion are the
major sources of disturbance. Nearby landscaping may have impacted possible associated
outbuildings.
Re eurch potential: The relatively recent date of the site (early twentieth century), low density of
artifacts, and the high degree of disturbance diminish the potential for additional research.
Dmnd Crk 4
Site No. 31AV92
Accn. No. 201006
UTM 0424820 a 4001000
Tipe of rile: This prehistoric lithic site is represented by five secondary/thinning flakes (1 quartz
and 4 felsic flakes), from an area measuring about 40 by 20 meters. The lack of diagnostic
artifacts makes it impossible to assign a date to the site.
27
.` `` .` , I I 1 1 I
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Direction of shovel i
test transect I 1
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0 = negative shovel /Aests
Figure 9. Location of shovel tests at site 31 AV92.
ST- I
ST-2
ST- 3
1 quartz thinning flake
2 telsic thinning flakes
2 felsic thinning flakes
h'rni recorded: During a shovel test inspection along a narrow saddle between two hills the
surveyors recovered the artifacts from three out of seven shovel tests in the immediate area.
Shovel tests in the vicinity showed a very thin layer of topsoil (about 5 cm deep) over red clay
subsoil
I: 1701-n77mel71: The site is on saddle with a stone outcrop centrally located within the site area of
Clifton stoney clay loam, eroded hilly phase (Ck). The soil profile indicated a plowzone of 15
cm above a clav subsoil. The site is located above and south of an unnamed intermittent
tributary to Hanging Rock Creek.
.S
Signs ofpreservation or disturbance: Previous plowing and soil erosion are the major sources of
disturbance.
Research potential: The low density of artifacts and the high degree of disturbance diminish the
potential for additional research. v
Dmnd Crk
Site No. 31 aV93**
Acen. -io. 201007
UTNI 0424784 r 4000829
Type ofsae: This historic-period site is represented by one clear colorless glass pharmaceutical
bottle fra,,ment and two undecorated whiteware body sherds. The artifacts were recovered near
a dirt tract and overgrown remnant of an apple orchard to the south and a large piece of horse
drawn farm equipment 30 meters to the north. The area maps do not indicate a structure in the
vicinity however, there may have been an outbuilding or shed associated with the orchard or
farmina/plowing of the area. The site probably dates to the first half of the twentieth century.
How recorded: The artifacts were recovered from two shovel tests conducted near a spring-head
(figure 10). ST-1 containing the glass was located 10 meters south of ST-2 where the whiteware
sherds were recovered. The soils were thin (10 cm) overlying rock substrata.
Figure 10. Photograph of 31AV93**.
29
Environment: The site is on a gradual portion of a hillside currently covered in grass. Soils in
the vicinity are Matney stoney loam, eroded hilly phase (Mh).
Signs gfpreservarion or disturbance: Previous plowing and soil erosion are the major sources of
disturbance.
Research potential: The low density of artifacts and the high degree of disturbance diminish the
potential for additional research.
Dmnd Crk 6
Site No. 31AN194
Accn. No. 201008
UTN'I 0424682 x 4000763
Type of site: This prehistoric lithic site is represented by an isolated find -- one felsic bifacial
thinning flake recovered from a single shovel test in the vicinity of an intermittent spring-head.
The flake was recovered from thin soils overlying a rock outcrop at the spring-head from an area
measuring roughly 30 meters in diameter. The lack of diagnostic artifacts makes it impossible to
assign a date to this site.
HoN, recorded: During a shovel test series at a spring -head the surveyors recovered the single
find from a single shovel test out of five conducted on the upper level of a rock outcrop. Soils in
the vicinity showed moderate to heavy modification a result of plowing, creation of a road, and
landscaping for ski activity. The surveyors also examined surface exposures in the vicinity but
found no other artifacts. Visibilin, was moderate -- about 30%.
P,17141•017177C'n/: The site is on the northwestern face of a hilltop of Matney stony loam, eroded
rolling phase (Mh).
Signs . of' preservution or disturbance: Previous plowing, earth moving, and soil erosion are the
major sources of disturbance.
Research potential: The low density of artifacts (one artifact) and the high degree of disturbance
diminish the potential for additional research.
Dmnd Crk 7
Site No. 31AV95 and 31AN795**
Accn. No. 201009
)TM 0424467 x 4000941
7ipe gfsite: This site contains both prehistoric and historic period components. The historic site
area corresponds to a house site identified on the 1955 soil map of Avery County located in a
very narrow drainage/valley south of Hanging Rock Creek and Dobbins road. Based on the map
evidence the historic site was abandoned and destroyed sometime after 1955.
30
The prehistoric component of this site is represented by two quartz thinning flakes and
one felsic primary flake frorn an area measuring about 10 meters in diameter. The lack of
diagnostic artifacts makes it impossible to assign a date to the prehistoric aspect of this site.
ST- I
ST-2
ST-3
1 container glass, aqua, fragment
1 container glass, aqua, with molded "M", fragment
1 whiteware, yellow glaze, body fragment
1 whiteware, clear glaze, body fragment
I wire nail, iron, 3"
1 quartz core
1 quartz primary flake
I "L" bent wire nail, iron, 3"
2 quartz secondary flake
I felsic primary flake
How recorded: During a shovel test investigation of the narrow flat valley bottom adjacent to the
north flowing creek on the west side of the tract the surveyors recovered the finds. The steep
slopes on the east and west sides of this north/south valley dramatically limited the possible
location for any occupation sites. The surveyors closely examined areas exposed by sheet wash
and conducted a series of seven shovel tests in the flat bottom of the valley. Given the extent of
the exposed areas and steep sides a total of ten shovel tests were conducted in the immediate
area.
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Figure I1. Shovel test locations at 31AV95 and 31AV95**
31
F_nvironment: The soils in the immediate area are Tate stoney loam, rolling phase (Th) and are
covered in grass (Figure 12). Exposed areas had good visibility - about 60-80°"
Suns of preservation or disturbance: This site like much of the project area has been impacted
as a result of landscaping for the creation of ski slopes. Previous plowing, vehicular traffic, and
soil erosion are the major sources of disturbance.
Research potential: The relative recent age of the site (twentieth century), low density of
artifacts, and the high de,-Trce of disturbance diminish the potential for additional research.
Dmnd Crk 8
Site No. 31 AV96
Accn. No. 201010
UTN1 0424408 x 4000201
Tvpe of'site: This prehistoric lithic site is represented by quartz cores, as well as chert, felsic, and
quartz flakes, from an area measuring about 20 meters in diameter. The site is located at the
headwaters of a stream (an unnamed tributary of Hanging Rock Creekj (Figure 13). The flakes
Figure 12. Photograph of site area at 31AV95 and 31AV95**
32
show the greatest diversity of material recovered on the project (quartz, felsic stone, and chert)
though the lack of diagnostic artifacts makes it impossible to assign a date to the site.
ST-1
ST-2
ST-5
1 Quartz, core; heat treated
1 quartz, primary flake, heat treated
4 quartz, secondary flake, heat treated
2 felsic, thinning flake
1 chert, thinning flake
1 quartz, core, heat treated
4 quartz, thinning flakes
2 quartz, core, heat treated
1 quartz, secondary flake
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Figure 13. Location of shovel tests at 31AV96.
33
How recorded: During a shovel test series at a wooded confluence of a stream-head and creek
the surveyors recovered numerous flakes and cores from an area of about 30 meters in diameter
(Figure 14). A total of seven shovel tests were conducted in this site area with only three
yielding artifacts. Soils at the site indicated, at least partially intact remains of an "A" horizon
(identified in ST-1 and ST-5), possibly protected from erosion and other soil disturbances by the
surrounding rock outcrops.
Soil 1 (0 - 20cm)

Soil 2 (20 - 28cm)
ti•S•4••.•4•'L•
?'?-r•r•r•: -r•r

Soll 3 (28 - 40+cm) .'rti tirti• ?•rtirtir
5YR 3 / 2 Dark reddish brown; silty loam
7.5YR 3 / 3 Dark Brown,- sand silt loam
7.5YR 4 / 4 Brown; silt clay
Environment: The site is in a small pocket of soil surrounded by exposed rock, at the confluence
of two eroded drainages, one a spring and the other a creek. Soils along this upper course of the
stream are stoney colluvium (Tusquitee and Tate soil materials -Sd).
Figure 14. Photograph of site area at 31AV96.
34
Signs ofpreservation or disturbance: Natural soil erosion processes are the major sources of
disturbance at this site, however its proximity to a proposed golf green may result in its erosion
or siltation.
Research potential: The possibility for intact soils associated with Native American activity may
produce archaeological evidence of past settlement and land use of the region. The landowner
has agreed to a Phase II testing of the site by Cultural Resources Assessment Group to be
conducted by spring 2001.
Dmnd Crk 9
Site No. 31AV97
Accn. No. 201011
UTM 0424473 x 4000290
Type of site: This prehistoric lithic site is represented by three quartz thinning flakes, from a
single shovel test located on a small flat on the east side of the stream and down slope from site
31AV96. The site area is approximately 10 meters in diameter. The lack of diagnostic artifacts
makes it impossible to assign a date to the site.
How'recorded. During a shovel test series at the confluence of a drainage wash and the main
stream the surveyors recovered the flakes from ST-1, four additional tests were excavated in the
vicinity.
Environment: Like 31AV96 the site is on a small flat at the confluence of a small drainage/wash
and the main stream. The site is located on the upstream side of the "V" confluence. There are
a number of exposed rock outcrops in the vicinity, suggesting a repeated pattern of alluvial wash
and flooding leaving no evidence for intact "A" soils. The soils present are also the same as
those associated with 31AV96, stoney colluvium (Tusquitee and Tate soil materials-Sd).
Signs ofpreservation or disturbance: Soil erosion and flooding are the primary sources of
disturbances at this site area.
Research potential: The low density of artifacts and the high degree of disturbance diminish the
potential for additional research.
Dmnd Crk 10
Site No. 31AV98**
Accn. No. N/A
UTM 0424520 x 4000510
Type ofsite: This historic cemetery site is represented by a single, upright standing uninscribed
grave marker of local stone ( Figure 15 and 16). The stone shows signs of weathering along its
cut edge but it is still possible to distinguish marks from its shaping. The marker is oriented
east/west with a slight slump, or depression, at its base. It is difficult to assign a date or family
association at this point. The grave site is in close enough proximity to the locations of two, now
00
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36
extant, houses reported on maps of the area, the USGS quad map (1994), the 1955 Avery County
soil survey map, and 1938 county highways map, to be associated with either structure.
How recorded: During a shovel test transect along the course of the stream the surveyors found
the marker next to a partially collapsed fence line (seen in the background of one of the
photographs). South of the site (upslope), there were several bulldozer berms, apparently
associated with the contouring of the ski run. A thorough probing and examination of the
vicinity (15 x 15 meter area) yielded no evidence of a larger gravesite area.
Environment: The site is bounded on the west, about 20 meters from the bank, by the stream,
and 15 meters from the edge of the grass covered ski run. The soils are the same as those
associated with 31AV96 and 31AV97, stoney colluvium (Tusquitee and Tate soil materials-Sd).
Signs ofpreservation or disturbance: The area is currently wooded and appears relatively
undisturbed. Additionally, the site falls within the 30 foot wetland buffer of the near by stream.
Research potential: The research value of the gravesite with its uninscribed and undated marker
appears to be low. The cemetery is protected by state laws on the preservation of abandoned
cemeteries and unmarked human burials.
Dmnd Crk 11.
Site No. 31AV99
Acen. No. 201012
UTM 0424467 x 4000216
Type of site: This prehistoric lithic site is represented by one quartz thinning flake and one heat
treated quartz core recovered from a single shovel test. The lack of diagnostic artifacts makes it
impossible to assign a date to the site.
How recorded: The flake was recovered during a shovel test transect along the east side of the
stream on the western edge of the tract. The artifacts were recovered from a single shovel test
(ST-1) out of five conducted in the vicinity.
Environment: The site is bounded on the west, about 20 meters from the bank, by the stream,
and 15 meters from the edge of the grass covered ski run with an intermittent spring along the
north edge of the site area. Soils in the area are thin Tate stoney loam, hilly phase (Te).
Signs ofpreservation or disturbance: Alluvial soil erosion is the major source of disturbance at
this site.
Research potential: The low density of artifacts and the high degree of disturbance diminish the
potential for additional research.
37
O
O
O • O
ST-1
. O
• = positive shovel test
O = negative shovel test
O
Figure 17. Location of shovel tests at 31AV99.
Signs of preservation or disturbance: Alluvial soil erosion is the major source of disturbance at
this site.
Research potential: The low density of artifacts and the high degree of disturbance diminish the
potential for additional research.
Dmnd Crk 12
Site No. 31AV100
Accn. No. 201013
UTM 0425060 x 4000760
7Tvpe of site: This prehistoric lithic site is represented by an isolated find -- a quartz thinning
flake. The lack of diagnostic artifacts makes it impossible to assign a date to the site.
How recorded: The flake was recovered during a surface inspection of eroded surface exposure
(approximately 20 meters by 30 meters) adjacent to a grass covered ski run. Further
investigations of the vicinity yielded no other artifacts. Visibility was good -- about 70-80%.
Environment: The site is on the south side of an intermittent spring-head near the center of the
tract. Soils in the area are stoney colluvium (Tusquitee and Tate soil materials--Sd).
Signs ofpreservation or disturbance: Previous plowing and soil erosion are the major sources of
disturbance.
38
Research potential: The low density of artifacts (one flake) and the high degree of disturbance
diminish the potential for additional research.
Dmnd Crk 15
Site No. 31AV100
Accn. No. 201013
UTM 0425060 x 4000760
Type of site: This prehistoric lithic site is represented by an isolated find - a metavolcanic
bifacial thinning flake. The lack of diagnostic artifacts makes it impossible to assign a date to
the site.
How recorded: The flake was recovered during a surface inspection of eroded and exposed
ground surfaces associated with a rock outcrop on the south/southeast face of Hanging Rock.
Visibility was good -- about 70-80%.
Environment: The site is on the south/southeast face of Hanging Rock near the crest of the
saddle between with four Diamonds Ridge. The soils in the area are heavily eroded and are
reported as "Rocky" in the County Soil survey.
Signs of preservation or disturbance: Soil erosion is the major source of disturbance at this site.
Research potential: The low density of artifacts (one flake) and the high degree of disturbance
diminish the potential for additional research.
39
Standards of Significance
Our evaluations of archaeological significance come from the published criteria of the
National Register of Historic Places (National Park Service 1986:1) for establishing historic
significance for structures, sites, or objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting,
materials, craft, feeling, and association and that:
A. are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to
the broad patterns of our history; or
B. are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction or that represent the work of a master, or that possess
high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable
entity whose components may lack individual distinctions; or
D. have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in
prehistory or history.
(National Park Service 1986)
Some types of properties are usually not eligible for National Register status: properties
less than 50 years in age; churches; cemeteries; commemorative items, such as public
monuments; and structures moved from their original locations or substantially altered. If these
types of properties are an integral part of a larger National Register district, they might qualify
for National Register status. Cemeteries can sometimes be eligible for nomination if they
contain graves of persons of transcendent historical importance, distinctive design features, or
connections with historic events. The grave of a historical figure might be eligible for National
Register status. "if there is no other appropriate site or building directly associated with his or her
productive life" (National Park Service 1986:1).
For prehistoric sites, the most relevant criterion is "D." Do these prehistoric sites have
the potential to produce significant information and new insights on the region's prehistoric past?
Since the majority of the prehistoric period sites recorded on this project are all small lithic sites
of unknown age and identified in highly disturbed soils the answer is no with the notable
exceptions of 31AV89, 31AV90, and 31AV96. These are all located in the uplands, an area
commonly impacted by natural erosion processes. The rock shelters recorded at 31AV89 and
31AV90 both have the potential for presenting information on the regions prehistoric past. Jane
Brown and Anne Rogers have reported Early Archaic habitation at the McKinney rockshelter
site (31AV60). Site 31AV96 may also yield information on the regions uplands.
For most historic-period archaeological sites, the most relevant criterion is also "D", and
we must ask whether these historic sites have the potential to produce significant information
and new insights on the region's history. The historic-period sites identified during survey tend
40
to be early-twentieth-century in date (possibly as early as late nineteenth century). These sites
are poorly preserved and tend to be too recent to be good subjects for archaeological research.
These sites include (31AV91** and 31AV93**). The overgrown grave site (31AV98**) is
identified by an uninscribed fieldstone marker. To judge from the ground in the vicinity this is a
single burial. The burial does not appear to be eligible for nomination to the National Register
of Historic Places, in our opinion, but the burial is protected by the state's laws protecting
abandoned and unmarked human burials.
RECOMMENDATIONS
We do not recommend additional archaeological studies of the prehistoric sites at
31AV92, 31AV94, 31AV95, 31AV97, 31AV99, and 31AV100. We do not recommend
additional archaeological studies of the historic sites at 31AV91 **, 31AV93**, 31AV95** or the
abandoned gravesite at 31AV98**. The gravesite is protected by state laws on human burials,
however.
We recommend Phase II testing at 31AV89, 31AV90, and 31AV96. The tests at 31AV89
and MAV90 should include a minimum of two one-meter test excavations. And 31AV96 should
include ,a minimum of three one-meter test excavations. Testing at these sites is greatly limited
'by the natural geology of the site area in the form of large stone boulders and outcrops.
41
References Cited
Arthur, John Preston
1915 A history of Watauga County, North Carolina. Everett Waddey Company,
Richmond, Virginia.
Ayers, Harvard, Jill Loucks, and Burton Purrington
1980 Excavations at the Ward site, a Pisgah village in western North Carolina. Paper
presented at the 37 b Southeastern Archaeological Conference, New Orleans.
Barrett, John G.
1963 The Civil War in North Carolina. UNC Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Blackmun, Ora
1977 Western North Carolina: Its Mountains and Its People to 1880. Appalachian
Consortium Press, Boone, North Carolina.
Brown, Jane L., and Anne F. Rogers
1993 Archaeological research at the McKinney rockshelter (31A V60), Avery County,
North Carolina. Report on file at the Office of State Archaeology, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
Caldwell, Joseph R.
1958 Trend and Tradition in the prehistory of the eastern United States. American
Anthropological Association, Memoir 88.
Carbone, Victor A.
1974 The paleo-environment of the Shenandoah Valley. In "The Flint Run Complex,"
Edited by William M. Gardner. Catholic University, Department of
Anthropology, Archaeology Laboratory, Occasional Publication 1.
Corbitt, David Leroy
1950 The formation of the North Carolina counties, 1663-1943. North Carolina
Department of Archives and History, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Daniels, R.B., H.J. Kleiss, S.W. Boul, H.J. Bryd, and J.A. Phillips
1984 Soil Systems in North Carolina. North Carolina State University, North Carolina
Agricultural Research Service, Bulletin 467.
Davis, W. A., W.B. Cobb, and R.E. Devereux
1928 Soil Survey of Watauga County, North Carolina. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils
and the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. United States
Department of Agriculture.
42
Gardner, William M.
1974 The Flint Run Complex: pattern and process during the Paleo-Indian to Early
Archaic. In "The Flint Run Complex," edited by William M. Gardner. Catholic
University, Department of Anthropology, Archaeology Laboratory, Occasional
Publication 1.
Greene, Ivery
1941 A disastrous flood: a true and fascinating story. Smith Printing Company,
Lenoir, North Carolina.
Hargrove, Thomas
1989 An archaeological reconnaissance of the proposed changes to U.S. 421, Boone to
Deep Gap, Watauga County, North Carolina. Report on file at the Office of
State Archaeology, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Keber, Robert
1978 Site selection of pre-1940 mountain houses. In "Carolina Dwelling," edited by
Doug Swaim. North Carolina State University, The Student Publication of the
School of Design 26.
National Park Service
1986 How to complete National Register forms. National Park Service, Publication 16.
North Carolina Association of County Agricultural Agents
1988 North Carolina Agriculture from mountains to the sea. Hunter publishing
Company, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
North Carolina Geological Survey
1985 Geological Map of North Carolina. Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Purrington, Burton
1983 Ancient mountaineers: an overview of the prehistoric archaeology of North
Carolina's western mountain region. In The Prehistory of North Carolina: an
Archaeological Symposium, edited by Mark A. Mathis and Jeffrey J. Crow.
North Carolina Division of Archives and History, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Shelford, Victor E.
1963 The ecology of North America. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
Spangenberg, Bishop August Gottlieb
1922 Short account of the journey of Brother Joseph and his party to Carolina. In
Records ofthe Moravians in North Carolina (Volume 1, 1752-1771), edited by
Adelaide L. Fries. North Carolina Historical Commission, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
43
Swanton, John R
1946 The Indians of the southeastern United States. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of
American Ethnology, Bulletin 137.
United States Department of Agriculture
1944 Soil Survey: Watauga County, North Carolina. United States Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the North Carolina
Agricultural Experiment Station and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
1955 Soil Survey: Avery County, North Carolina. United States Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with the North Carolina
Agricultural Experiment Station and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Van Noppen, Ina W.
1961 Stoneman 's last raid. North Carolina State College Print Shop, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
• Van Noppen, Ina W., and John J. Van Noppen
1973 Western North Carolina since the Civil War. Appalachian Consortium Press,
Boone, North Carolina.
Whitener, Daniel J.
1949 History of Watauga County, 1849-1949. Franklin Printing Company, Kingsport
Tennessee.
Willey, Gordon
1966 An introduction to North American archaeology: volume 1, North and Middle
.America. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs.
Nov 29 00 09:25p Leonard Rindner
M
704 947 UlUb p.b
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook. Administrator
Jaynes B. Hunt Jr., Governor Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
November 8, 2000
Leonard S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
3741 Spokeshave Lane
Matthews, NC 28105
Ginny Stevens
P.O. Box 1776
Blowing Rock, NC 28605
Re: Diamond Creek Subdivision and Golf Course Project, Banner Elk,
Avery, ER 01-750 and ER 01-7691
Dear Mr. Rindner and Ms. Stevens:
Thank you for your letters of August 16, 2000 and September 27, 2000, respectively. Since you
are both inquiring about the same piece of property for the same property owner, we are
responding to you jointly.
We appreciate you marking the proposed project boundaries on USGS topographic maps. We
also appreciate enclosure of the aerial photograph photocopies that illustrate current land use.
However, these boundaries are different. We have superimposed Ms. Rindner's boundary over
'\4r. Stevens's boundary. What we estimate to be the combined boundary is illustrated on the
enclosed USGS map as superimposed boundary by a dashed line.
No archaeological sites are recorded in the proposed project area, which has not been surveyed.
Nearby surveyed areas revealed archaeological sites. This large area includes floodplain acreage
that has a high probability for significant archeological sites. We recommend that the flood plain
be surveyed. The parcel also includes drainages and drainage heads. We recomtend that these
be surveyed regardless of location. The areas recommended for traditional intensive shovel test
survey are highlighted in yellow. We also recommend that these areas, as well as, the steep area
of the proje--t be examined for rock shelters. We do not recommend extensive shovel testing of
the steep areas.
Soils in the eastern part of proposed project area include Potter stony loam the eroded very steep
phase as mapped by the USCS in 1958 (soil sheet 3). Given the steep topography and soil
Location N'Iailing Address Telephone/fnx
ADMINISTRATION 507 N. Blount St. . Raleigh NC: 4617 Mail Service Center. Raleigh NC 37699-4617 (919) -33.476: 733-W3
ARCHAEOLOGY 431 N. Blount St. , Raleigh NC a619 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-=619 (919) '733.7342 715-1671
RESTORATION 515 K. Blount St. , Raleigh NC 4613 Mail Smice Center, Raleigh NC 27699-x-613 (919) "33.6:4; 715-4801
SURVEY S PLANNING 515 N. Blount St. , Raleigh NC 4618 Moil Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699--618 (919) 733.11545 715-4801
, Nov 29 00 09:2Gp Leonard Rindner 704 847 0185 p.7
Page 2 of 2
Leonard S. Rindner and Ginny Stevens
November 8, 2000
erosion, the probability of archaeological sites retaining integrity for National Register eligible is
listing low. Therefore, with the exception of the drainage heads and search for rock shelters, we
recommend that no archaeological work be undertaken with the steepest sections of the proposed
project. The southeastern section, labeled as a golf course; requires no archaeological work.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section
106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, Environmental Review Coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
Sincerely,
David Brook
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
DB:kgc
Enclosure: USGS map photocopy
cc: ALOE, Asheville
Rodney Snedeker, USFS
Z
North Carolina Department of
ER 01-7550
Received 9/13/00
Due 9/27/00, t
9 !Y: I77
Nc. QB 1013 ad pens CG
Cultural Resources
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor NATIONWIDE PERMIT REVIEW Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
APPLICANT: Leonard S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultants
3714 Spokeshave Lane
Matthews, NC 28105
Project Location: Avery County
Proposed Project: Diamond Creek Project, Banner Elk
We have received the application for the above project from the Division of
Environmental Management and our comments are noted below.
Additional information is needed (maps, photographs, other).
'Y,No comment.
We have reviewed the requested information and have no comment.
Signed ytLc-. u ? map,
Renee Gledhill-Earley
Environmental Review Coordinator
Historic Preservation Office
919/733-4763
FAX [phone]
Date ? p' , 1, v -i-)
C .. .3 2000
I - 110 - (v9 L - Z 9 n(o
SEP 5
109 East Jones Street - Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2807 me 1 X33
STATE o
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
November 8, 2000
Leonard S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
3 741 Spokeshave Lane
Matthews, NC 28105
Ginny Stevens
P.O. Box 1776
Blowing Rock, NC 28605
Re: Diamond Creek Subdivision and Golf Course Project, Banner Elk,
Avery, ER 01-7550 and ER 01-7691
Dear Mr. Rindner and Ms. Stevens:
Thank you for your letters of August 16, 2000 and September 27, 2000, respectively. Since you
are both inquiring about the same piece of property for the same property owner, we are
responding to you jointly.
We appreciate you marking the proposed project boundaries on USGS topographic maps. We
also appreciate enclosure of the aerial photograph photocopies that illustrate current land use.
However, these boundaries are different. We have superimposed Ms. Rindner's boundary over
Mr. Stevens 's boundary. What we estimate to be the combined boundary is illustrated on the
enclosed USGS leap as superi.mposPd boundary by a dashed line.
No archaeological sites are recorded in the proposed project area, which has not been surveyed.
Nearby surveyed areas revealed archaeological sites. This large area includes floodplain acreage
that has a high probability for significant archeological sites. We recommend that the flood plain
be surveyed. The parcel also includes drainages and drainage heads. We recommend that these
be surveyed regardless of location. The areas recommended for traditional intensive shovel test
survey are highlighted in yellow. We also recommend that these areas, as well as, the steep area
of the project be examined for rock shelters. We do not recommend extensive shovel testing of
the steep areas.
Soils in the eastern part of proposed project area include Porter stony loam the eroded very steep
phase as mapped by the USCS in 1958 (soil sheet 3). Given the steep topography and soil
Location Mailing Address Telephone/Fax
ADMINISTRATION 507 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 [phone] 733-8653
ARCHAEOLOGY 421 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC 4619 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4619 [phone] 715-2671
RESTORATION 515 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC 4613 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4613 [phone] 715-4801
SURVEY & PLANNING 515 N. Blount St., Raleigh NC 4618 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4618 [phone] 715-4801
Page 2 of 2
Leonard S. Rindner and Ginny Stevens
November 8, 2000
erosion, the probability of archaeological sites retaining integrity for National Register eligible is
listing low. Therefore, with the exception of the drainage heads and search for rock shelters, we
recommend that no archaeological work be undertaken with the steepest sections of the proposed
project. The southeastern section, labeled as a golf course, requires no archaeological work.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section
106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, Environmental Review Coordinator, at 919/733-4763.
Sincerely,

David Brook
Y Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
DB:kgc
Enclosure: USGS map photocopy
cc: ACOE, Asheville
Rodney Snedeker, USFS
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t
LEONARD S. RINDNER. PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
FAX COVER LETTER
Send To Fax Number : (v4 ?j Date : , V?
To: FPI^4. c-- -CGC r? t
From • L44" P- h4A Kz*?-
Reference:
Remarks/Message:
1 1 !M eT d(
A<w

Copy: From :
I Haut. alok? A r? c. . .
tdtA I, w 4i.
f'??-?-.
GuK t cd"4 OLCO--. Wo V 194's4-VA OJam.
If N/W 42444ft OLr+;
07/12/1995 04:19
The of North Carolina
I)epartment of Environment
and Natural Resources
Asheville Regional Office
Michael T. l;asley, Governor
William G. Ross, ,Jr., Secretary
Kerr T. Stevens, Director
Division of Water Quality
WATER QUALITY SECTION
April 23, 2001
Mr, John McNeely
Diamond Creek Golf Community
Post Office Box 2469
Blowing Rook, North Carolina 28606
PAGE 02
aa?
NCDENR
NQRTH CARO4_INA DEPART M'ENT QF
ENVUYONMENT AND NATURAL RFr_.r_iuRCES
Subject: Review of 401 Certification Application
Diamond Creek Golf Community
DWQ Project No. WQ 010429
Avery County
Dear Mr. McNeely:
I have reviewed the 401 application submitted by you for proposed stream and wetland
impacts to unnamed tributaries of Morse Bottom Creek, near the Town of Banner Elk in
Avery County. Based on my initial review, additional information will be needed before I can
proceed with review of 401 Water Quality Certification application. I have been in touch with
Mr, Len Rindner, PWS, Environmental Planning Consultant, and requested that he submit
large scale drawings indicating where the stream and wetland impacts will be.
Until this information is received your application is being placed on hold for our
processing, due the incomplete information. The small maps submitted with the application
are not adequate to review a project of this size; therefore, the need for larger scale maps.
By copy of this letter we are advising the Corps of Engineers of your project status. Your
processing time will begin once we receive this additional information.
If you have questions, please call me at 828/2516208.
Sincerefy,
;XW-ate ..
Michael R. Parker-
Environmental Chemist
xc: Len Kindner
Dave Baker-COE
Penrose/St. John
OWArfigQG Michael F. Easley
Governor
j William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Q Y
Kerr T. Stevens
Division of Water Quality
May 29, 2001
Avery County
DWQ Project # 010429
APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification and ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
John and Sharon McNeely
Diamond Creek
Post Office Box 2469
Blowing Rock, NC 28605
Dear Mr. & Ms. McNeely:
You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions and those listed
below, to place fill material in 0.07 acres of wetlands, 0.1 acres of pond fill and 685 linear feet
of streams for the purpose of developing the Diamond Creek Golf community as described in
your application dated March 21, 2001 and revised on May 21, 2001 and May 24, 2001.
After reviewing your application, we have decided that this fill is covered by General Water
Quality Certification Numbers 3289 and 3287. These certifications allow you to use
Nationwide Permit Numbers 14 and 39 when the Corps of Engineers issues them. In
addition, you should get any other federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with
your project including (but not limited to) Sediment and Erosion Control, Coastal Stormwater,
Non-Discharge and Water Supply Water shed regulations. This approval will expire when
the accompanying 404 or CAMA permit expires unless otherwise specified in the
General Certification.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your
application except as modified below. If you change your project, you must notify us and you
may be required to send us a new application. If the property is sold, the new owner must be
given a copy of this Certification and approval letter and is thereby responsible for complying
with all conditions. If total wetland fills for this project (now or in the future) exceed one acre,
compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC 2H .0506 (h) (6) and
(7). For this approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in the attached
certification and any additional conditions listed below.
1. Deed notifications or similar mechanisms shall be placed on all remaining jurisdictional
wetlands and streams to notify the state in order to assure compliance for future wetland
and/or water impact. These mechanisms shall be put in place within 30 days of the date
of this letter or the issuance of the 404 Permit (whichever is later).
2. An additional condition is that a final, written stormwater management plan as proposed
in the application shall be submitted for written approval to this Office in 60 days of the
issuance of this Certification. The stormwater management plan must include plans and
specifications for stormwater management facilities designed to remove 85% TSS
according to the most recent version of the NC DENR Stormwater Best Management
Practices Manual. Extended Detention Wetland facilities or bioretention areas must be
designed to treat the runoff from the clubhouse and maintenance building areas, and
pocket wetlands or bioretention areas for
the greens unless otherwise explicitly approved by the Division of Water Quality. Also,
before any permanent building (other than the existing cabin) is occupied at the subject
_site, the facilities (as approved by this Office) shall be constructed and operational, and
R?'.'?Df
Division of Water Quality 1650 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Wetlands/401 Unit: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
LEONARD S. RINDNER. PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28145
Land Planning T*le:-(740 846-0461
Fag , 704) 847-0185
May 24, 2001
Mr. Todd St. John
Division of Water Quality - NCDENR
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250 1T!Io
F1.
Raleigh, NC 27604 =
Re: DWQ# 010429 + 800 Acres Diamond Creek Golf Course and Residential Community, Request
for Nationwide Permit #39 and NWP #14, Avery County, North Carolina
Dear Todd:
Based on additional discussions with you, yesterday and this morning, the developer will reduce the
impacts from 225 If to 145 linear feet at the impact labeled "A" on the attached map. The golf course
architect believes that although the reduction is possible, it may compromise the success of the golf course
on the 418 fairway. Therefore we may need to modify the permit in the future through a re-application for
permits and mitigation. Because the area is within a complicated zone of the golf course, we will not know
if the additional impact is necessary until the play of the golf course can be evaluated on the ground. If
impacts exceed the 150 linear foot threshold we understand that mitigation will be required for the entire
stream impact. There are many opportunities for mitigation on this site through the daylighting of existing
piped stream channels. We hope that this additional information is adequate for you to recommend
approval of the 401 Water Quality Certification. The developer has understood from the beginning the
sensitivity of the trout waters and natural habitats in the area. We have worked closely and in good faith
with all the natural resource agencies in developing a plan that significantly avoids and minimizes
impacts to streams and wetlands. The McNeely's are also considering placing Hanging Rock Mountain in
a conservation easement and have been discussing this with the USFWS and the NCWRC and other
interested parties.
The timing of your approval is very important. Being in the mountains and in trout waters areas it is
important for construction to be accomplished before the spawning season begins. We would appreciated
your consideration regarding this matter.
Please contact me if you have any questions or require additional explanation. Thank you for your
considera
S' 1
deer, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
cc: John and Sharon McNeely
Mr. David Baker - US Army Corps of Engineers - Reg. Field Office
Larry Best - LandDesign
Marty Kocot - LandDesign
Hunter Owen - LandDesign
Blake Bickford - Fazio Golf Course Designers
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LEONARD S. RINDNER. PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
May 24, 2001
Mr. David Baker
US Army Corps of Engineers - Reg. Field Office
151 Patton Avenue - Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801 - 5006
Re: + 800 Acres Diamond Creek Golf Course and Residential Community, Requgst for Nationwide
Permit #39 and NWP #14, Avery County, North Carolina
Dear David:
It appears that we are close to receiving the 401 Water Quality Certification from the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality. The NCDWQ included
the bottomless culverts as impacts in their calculations. Therefore there will be a difference in the total
permitted impacts between the USACE and the NCDWQ. The attachments depict the results of changes
made to the plans as the result of discussions with the NCDWQ regarding the site plan since the submittal
on 5/21/01. Impacts to streams and wetland have been further reduced to the following:
USACE IMPACTS
SUMMARY OFIMPACTS
NWP #14 (1 Crossing) Int/Perennial tributaries (5' wide X 150` length) + 0.015 ac.
NWP #39 Int/Perennial tributaries (+ 290 ID + 0.030 ac.
Wetlands + 0.090 ac.
Pond + 0.100 ac.
Total - NWP #14 and NWP#39 + 0.24ac.
The total length of stream impacts is less than 300 If. Nationwide 13 for bank stabilization may be
required on the streambanks below the proposed bottomless culverts. Maximum linear footage of
stabilization is 490 linear feet for 245 linear feet of stream spanned by bottomless culvert).
NCDWQ IMPACTS
SUMMARY OFIMPACTS
NWP #14 (1 Crossing) Int/Perennial tributaries (150` length) + 0.015 ac.
NWP #39 Int/Perennial tributaries (+ 535 If) + 0.060 ac.
(includes all bottomless culverts)
Wetlands + 0.090 ac.
Pond + 0.100 ac.
Total - NWP #14 and NWP#39 + 0.27 ac.
SUMMARY OF Waters of the U.S.
Surface Waters Perennial and Perennial tributaries (+ 15,3001f) + 2.25 acres
Wetlands + 2.45 acres
Ponds + 2.70 acres
Approximate Total - Waters of the U.S. + 7.40 acres
SUMMARY OF IMPACTS - Orieinal Proposal
NWP #14 (1 Crossing) Int/Perennial tributaries (±1501f length) + 0.015 ac.
NWP #39 Intermittent tributaries (+ 300 If) + 0.030 ac.
Wetlands + 0.160 ac.
Pond + 0.100 ac.
Total - NWP #14 and NWP#39 + 0.318c.
Approximately 96 % of Waters of the U.S. In the project area are preserved
The following revisions and modifications were made:
1) # 17 and #16 Area - Wetland impacts are now completely avoided. The bottomless culvert has
been reduced from approximately 200 If to only 85 linear feet. The proposed impacted stream
impact near the #16 green was reduced from 145 linear feet to only 60 linear feet. The 85 linear
reduction here is proposed to be utilized on hole #15.
2) An 85 linear foot culvert impact is proposed before the #15 green. The channel crossing at #15
was originally proposed to be a bottomless culvert. This was the very dry "marginal' intermittent
channel.
3) The channel crossing at #18 has been changed to have to 145-1f stream impact. The proposed
80 linear foot long bottomless culvert has been removed.
4) The bottomless culvert crossing near #7 green has been reduced from 85 linear feet to 60 linear
feet.
Overall, the bottomless culvert crossings have been reduced to 245 linear feet. The longest bottomless
crossing is 100 linear feet that will span a trout stream. The plan has been modified to preserve the
headwater wetlands near the #16 green and #17 tee. This particular modification should especially please
the NCWRC and the USFWS.
Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation
A great effort has been made during the planning process to develop a plan that avoids impacts to over
96% of the streams on the project. The plan also avoids impacts completely to the perennial trout water
streams. Overall, the plan avoids over 96% of all the jurisdictional waters of the U.S., including an
approximate 2-acre boulder field/spring seep habitat. The proposed development takes full advantage of
previously disturbed areas of the site. The plan also shows that the headwaters of a deeply shaded and
nearly pristine riparian habitat along a trout water stream dominated by birch, hemlock and rhododendron
has been preserved. During the planning process site reviews and discussions were held with the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, North Carolina Division of Water Quality, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission, North Carolina State Historic
Preservation Office, and representatives of Avery County, During the construction process, the developer
will impose strict guidelines and requirements to prevent impacts to sensitive natural habitats and
archaeological sites. The developer also proposes to work closely with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
and the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission and the NC Natural Heritage Program to develop
guidelines to avoid impacts to the documented sensitive habitats associated with Hanging Rock Mountain.
Proposed Compensatory Mitigation
A mitigation plan is proposed for a "no net loss" of wetland, stream, and surFace water habitat, value, and
function to the extent feasible on this site. The goal of this plan is to preserve, protect and the extents of
the existing wetlands and streams to be saved through enhancement by the use of protective buffers.
Existing wetlands and streams to be preserved will be protected and enhanced with at least the minimum
25' required buffer however as depicted on the plans, this will be substantially exceeded for most of the
project. An existing pond will be expanded to mitigate for lost open water. An additional pond near the
clubhouse will be constructed for irrigation, as an amenity, and for stormwater management associated
with the clubhouse and parking. Pocket wetlands and biofilters will be developed within the golf
course to prevent direct discharge of stormwater into the streams and to filter and absorb nutrients
and other pollutants. A stormwater management facility is also proposed for the grounds and golf
course maintenance facility.
Best Management Practices will be employed to minimize impacts to Jurisdictional Waters. These will
include:
a) Siltation Barriers; Sediment Traps and Diversion Ditches
b) Barricades to define construction limits to sensitive sites and to protect important vegetation
c) Preconstruction meetings
d) Vehicular access will be restricted to specific areas to avoid disturbance to adjacent
wetlands and natural areas to be preserved,
e) Methods to prevent short term impacts will be inspected regularly and maintained during
construction of the project.
0 Wetlands to be preserved will be clearly marked prior to construction to prevent accidental
damage to wetlands. The contractors will be held responsible for unauthorized wetland damage
not permitted according to plans and specifications.
g) Project construction will strictly adhere to an approved Sedimentation and Erosion Control
Plan. Best Management Practices will include utilizing siltation trapping ponds and other
erosion control structures where appropriate. Impacts from hazardous materials and other
toxins to fish and aquatic life such as fuels will be avoided by not permitting staging areas to
be located near surface waters.
h) As required by the 401 Water Quality Certification conditions, measures will be taken to
prevent "live" or fresh concrete from coming into contact with waters until the concrete has
hardened.
Please contact me if you have any questions or require additional explanation. Thank you for your
consideration.
Sincerely,
JLeolnard PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
LEONARD S. RINDNER. PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
May 24, 2001
Mr. David Baker
US Army Corps of Engineers - Reg. Field Office
151 Patton Avenue - Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801 - 5006
Re: + 800 Acres Diamond Creek Golf Course and Residential Community, Request for
Nationwide Permit #39 and NWP #14, Avery County, North Carolina
Dear David:
It appears that receipt of the 401 Water Quality Certification from the North Carolina Department
of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality is pending. John and Sharon
McNeely have demanded from the beginning that their project have no adverse impact on sensitive
environments. As you know, we have worked diligently and in good faith with all the regulatory
agencies to blend our development objectives with protection of sensitive natural resources and
cultural resources. We have had enormously positive responses to our project from the USFWS,
NCWRC. The McNeely's are also considering a conservation easement for Hanging Rock
Mountain. We believe that we have indicated that we will protect potentially important cultural
resources in an appropriate manner, and are willing to work with the State Historic Preservation
Office. None of the determined potentially eligible for the National Historic Register will be
directly impacted by any construction activity. In order to build the project in an efficient and
sensitive manner, the best time for construction is late spring and summer. We intend to fully
protect the streams and wetlands from construction impacts and are aware that all permitted
impacts to streams and wetlands must be complete before the trout-spawning season.
Therefore, we are requesting issuance of the requested Nationwide Permits as soon as possible.
Please contact me if you have any questions or require additional explanation. Thank you for your
Leonard S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
cc: John and Sharon McNeely
Larry Best - LandDesign
Marty Kocot - LandDesign
Hunter Owen - LandDesign
Blake Bickford - Fazio Golf Course Designers
FROM : CRAG:ARCHAEOLOGY FAX NO. : 919 828 8100 May. 25 2001 01:48PM P1
Cultural Resources Assessment Group:
U h Co? (a) Cn? i /(LLC)
Ar"
Leonard S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
3741 Spokeshave Lane
Matthews, NC 28106
Lan --
P.O. Box 12107
Ra"h, NC 27606
919828-8100
ompmheeaMink.net
Re: Archaeological Site Quali icatiOnS for Nomination to the National Register of
Historic Places.
As we discussed, this is to inform you that none of the archaeological sites identified
within the golf course portion of the Diamond Creek Tract (ER 01-7550) are eligible for
nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. Three sites with possible
eligibility for nomination were Identified at the site. However, one site falls within the
wetland buffer near the headwaters of the stream on the western site of the tract while
the other two rock shelter sites are located In portions of the residential area and are
to be protected.
Briece R. Edwards
LEONARD S. RINDNER. PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
May 24, 2001
Ms. Renee Gledhill-Earley
State Historic Preservation Office
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
109 East Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2807
Re: Diamond Creek - ER 01-7550 / Rock Shelters
Dear Ms. Gledhill-Earley:
The submittal that was made on May 21, 2001, was incorrect due to miscommunications
amongst the owner and various team members. The attached proposal has been corrected.
We apologize for the confusion.
My client, Mr. and Mrs. John McNeely, of Diamond Creek, LLC, are proposing to avoid
the potentially important rock shelter areas as shown on the plan within an approximate 4
acre deed restricted protected area. The owners will take reasonable and practical steps
through appropriate and sufficient means to protect this and other sensitive areas on the
site. These steps could include fencing that will blend in with the existing natural
environment; deed restrictions; placement of creation of obstacles to foot traffic;
appropriate additional planting to further block views and inhibit access. The owner is
willing to work with the State Historic Preservation Office in developing these or other
appropriate measures for this site.
We look forward to meeting with you, hopefully at the site. Please contact me if you have
any questions or need additional information.
you.
Wona'Kl S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
cc: David Baker - USACE
John McNeely - Diamond Creek
Sharon McNeely - Diamond Creek
Briece Edwards - CRAG
LEONARD S. RINDNER. PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
May 24, 2001
Ms. Renee Gledhill-Earley
State Historic Preservation Office
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
109 East Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2807
Re: Diamond Creek - ER 01-7550/Rock Shelters
Dear Ms. Gledhill-Earley:
On behalf of my client, Mr. and Mrs. John McNeely, we respectfully argue against the placement of rock
to fill or bury the potential shelters as a means of preserving them on this steep mountain slope. The slope
is heavily wooded and virtually 100% looking down from the existing dirt road. Constructing an entry
road for trucks and equipment could also attract more attention to the shelters than just leaving them
alone and unidentified. We have also requested that the natural resource agencies respond to you with
their concerns.
Bringing in machinery will affect both the vegetation and wildlife habitat to a considerable degree.
According to Dr. Randy Forsythe, a hydrologist and geologist who works with us, and a professor at
UNC-Charlotte, filling the shelters will greatly affect the current microclimate. This is a north-facing
slope with dense shade. A rock filled shelter will accumulate more ice and runoff will be delayed. As such,
the overhanging rock will be more strongly affected by the freeze-thaw action of water. This will cause the
shelter roofs to break down quicker, destroying the shelter quicker than has been in the past. Well-meant
protection could result in inadvertent and enhanced destruction. Diamond Creek will be a gated and
secured community. The number of lots is expected to only 35 to 40 large estate lots. The developer/owner
of this site is willing to work with the State Historic Preservation Office on reasonable and appropriate
measures to protect this area for this site. This can include unobtrusive fencing that can be installed
around the shelters without machinery; deed restrictions; placement or creation of obstacles to foot traffic;
appropriate additional planting to further block views and inhibit access. If desired, an educational
program will be developed for the residents within this area.
We look forward to meeting with you, hopefully at the site. Please contact me if you have any questions or
need additional information.
Tha
n
eonard S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
cc: David Baker - USACE
John McNeely - Diamond Creek
Sharon McNeely - Diamond Creek
Briece Edwards - CRAG
T
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ?- `WALL vFR -Tj C,
\\ \ ""lRESIDEITIAL LOS
\ \ \ \ \ \ ELEV. 4375
EXISTING DIRT ROAD ±4 ACRE_
\ PROTECTED AREA _ RESDI5111 OTS ?- \
1 ! / - -- _/RESt/DEN-VAL Lam`.
1 ELEV. 4510
ELEV. 4600 ( ol
ELEV. 4625
ROCK SHELTER PRESERVATION AREA
DEED RESTRICTED PROTECTED AREA
W, Mands Tracking
Facility Name Diamond Creek Community c/o John McNeel County Avery
Project Number 01 0429 ` County2 #
Q Inactive ti Region Asheville
Project Type purpose of residential DCM Office
Location UT Horsebottom Creek Banner Elk / Norwood Hollow COE Office=Asheville
if, i
Last Total ' Total t tal
Total Mit.
Reovd Sent to t " Recvd Action 401 t 401 it
Acres ,r
R d From Date Region :Region Date Last Action Acres Feet eet
Date 1 I
16M, OT",
r Compliant Letter Type
Sent 1 Reply Date i
MEMORANDUM
TO: John Dorney Regional Contact: Michael R. Parker
Non-Discharge Branch WQ Supervisor: Farrest Westall
Date:
SUBJECT: WETLAND STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Facility Name Diamond Creek Community c/o John McNeely County Avery
Project Number 01 0429 County2
Recvd From APP Region Asheville
Received Date 3/21/01 Recvd By Region
Project Type residential
Certificates Stream Stream Impacts (ft.)
Permit Wetland Wetland Wetland Stream Class Acres Feet
Type Type Impact Score Index Prim. Supp. Basin Req. Req. ME
39 -Stre-am O Y OO N F-8-22-5-1 F C TR 40,201. ?--? 450.00 225.55.1
1 14 {
' I lo y N ?????I ^?-
r
Mitigation Wetland
MitigationType Type Acres Feet
Is Wetland Rating Sheet Attached? 0 Y OQ N Did you request more info? 0 Y 0 N
Have Project Changes/Conditions Been Discussed With Applicant? Q Y 0 N
Is Mitigation required? 0 Y 0 N Recommendation: 0 Issue * Issue/fond 0 Deny
Provided by Region: Latitude (ddmmss) 360924
Longitude (ddmmss) 815011
Comments:
On 04/217/01 requested Len Rindner provide large scale maps to evaluate total project. On hold
letter sent 04/23/01 requesting same.
Project changes made and resubmited. Plans are not to preserve the wetlands near the 16th green
and 17 th tee. Changes at the 18 th fairway have impacts less than 150 feet.
Two small ponds to be filled one near the 18 th fairway and one on the 7 th fairway and filling small
wetland 0.07 acres near the 18 fairway.
Stormwater detention to be provided on golf course for ap rking,_ clubhouse and maintenance
faciliities.
Recommend issuance requirinaUsrinoent sediment and erosion control structures.
No love concrete to enter surface waters.
Stormwater controls for clubhouse and maintenance areas.
No stream work to be conducted during trouts awning season.
Keep machinery out of streams to extent possible.
cc: Regional Office
Central Office Page Number 1
O?O?WAT?RpG
>_ y
Michael F. Easley
Governor
William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Kerr T. Stevens
Division of Water Quality
May 23, 2001
Memorandum To: John Dorney
From: Todd St. John '
Subject: Diamond Creek G4om unity
Avery County
DWQ# 010429
I have reviewed the revised submittal dated May 21, 2001 for this project. According to the final revised plans
dated May 18, 2001 and Len Rindner's letter dated May 25, 2001, total impacts are 685 feet of stream, 0.7 acres of
wetland and 0.1 acres of pond. 245 feet of the impacts are from open bottom culverts and 440 feet of regular culverts.
The 18th fairway crossing has been reduced to 145 feet; however, it is possible that the applicant may request to expand
the impact to 225 feet in the future. This is the only area that mitigation would be required even though it is an intermittent
stream because it is in Trout Waters. I spoke to Len Rindner this morning and he said that the applicant is not anticipating
that the impact will exceed 145 feet at this time. However, if they had to apply for a modification in the future the applicant
is willing to daylight at least that amount of existing culverted stream on the site as mitigation. I do not anticipate any
stormwater requirements for this site other than for the clubhouse and greens. Bioretention areas and/or pocket wetlands
are proposed for the greens, etc. Additionally, the applicant proposed an unspecified stormwater management facility for
the clubhouse. As such, I recommend issuing the 401 WQC with stormwater management for the clubhouse. As usual the
applicant is in a rush to begin construction. Considering the overall project impacts and concessions made, I recommend
that we issue the 401 WQC with the following language to accommodate their construction needs and insure the
proposed stormwater and stream restoration is conducted.
For the stormwater management:
An additional condition is that a final, written stormwater management plan as proposed in the application shall be to this
Office in 60 days of the issuance of this Certification. The stormwater management plan must include plans and
specifications for stormwater management facilities designed to remove 85% TSS according to the most recent version of
the NC DENR Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Extended Detention Wetland facilities or bioretention
areas must be designed to treat the runoff from the clubhouse and maintenance building areas, and pocket wetlands or
bioretention areas for the greens unless otherwise explicitly approved by the Division of Water Quality. Also, before any
permanent building (other than the existing cabin) is occupied at the subject site, the facilities (as approved by this Office)
shall be constructed and operational, and the stormwater management plan (as approved by this Office) shall be
implemented. The structural stormwater practices as approved by this Office as well as drainage patterns must be
maintained in perpetuity. No changes to the structural stormwater practices shall be made without written authorization
from the Division of Water Quality.
If the applicant determines that it will be necessary to expand the impact at the 18th fairway crossing beyond 150 feet in
the future and we decide to approve it, I recommend the following language for the stream daylighting:
Plans for the 255 feet of stream channel mitigation by daylighting shall be submitted for approval in writing by this Office
within 60 days of the issuance of this Certification. It is recommended that The Internal Technical Guide for Stream
Work in North Carolina, April 2001 be used as a guide to the types of design parameters that must be addressed in
order to obtain plan approval. The stream mitigation shall be conducted according to the approved plans before any
permanent building (other than the existing cabin) on the site is occupied. If the daylighted streams become unstable, the
streams shall be repaired or stabilized using only natural channel design techniques. Rip rap and other hard structures
may only be used as temporary repairs if required by the Division of Land Resources or Delegated Local Program.
Additionally, all repair designs must be submitted to and receive written approval from this Office before the repair work is
performed. The 225 foot portion of the relocated stream used as compensatory mitigation for stream impacts shall be
preserved in perpetuity through an easement or some other legally binding mechanism. The above easement or other
legally binding mechanism must be in place before any permanent building associated with the project is occupied.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality, 401 Wetlands Certification Unit,
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1650 (Mailing Address)
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604-2260 (Location)
919-733-1786 (phone), 919-733-6893 (fax), htto://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetiands/
MEMORANDUM
TO: John Dorney Regional Contact:
Non-Discharge Branch WO Supervisor:
Date:
SUBJECT: WETLAND STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Facility Name Diamond Creek Community c% John McNeely
Project Number 01 0429
Recvd From APP
Received Date 3/21/01
Recvd By Region
County Avery
County2
Region Asheville
Project Type residential
Certificates Stream Stream Impacts (ft.)
Permit Wetland Wetland Wetland Stream Class Acres Feet
Type Type Impact Score Index Prim. Supp. Basin Req. Req.
F39 Stream P T@) N I 8-22-5-1 F TR 40,201. 450.00 225.00 I -
14 1 Y ;N ?? F__ F__
F _F_ P-7-0 N ?F_F-fir-? ?- f F_
Mitigation Wetland
MitigationType Type Acres Feet
Is Wetland Rating Sheet Attached? 0 Y t0 N Did you request more info? 0 Y 0 N
Have Project Changes/Conditions Been Discussed With Applicant? Q Y 0 N
Is Mitigation required? 0 Y O N Recommendation: 0 Issue 0 Issue/Cond 0 Deny
Provided by Region: Latitude (ddmmss) 360924 Longitude (ddmmss) 815011
Comments:
On 04/217/01 requested Len Rindner provide large scale maps to evaluate total Project. On hold
letter sent 04/23/01 requesting same.
Project changes made and resubmited. Plans are not to preserve the wetlands near the 16th green
and 17 th tee. Changes at the 18 th fairway have impacts less than 150 feet.
Two small ponds to be filled one near the 18 th fairway and one on the 7 th fairway and filling small
wetland 0.07 acres near the 18 fairway.
Stormwater detention to be provided on golf course for ap rking, clubhouse and maintenance
faciliities.
Recommend issuance requiring stringent sediment and erosion control structures.
No live concrete to enter surface waters. i%
Stormwater controls for clubhouse and maintenance areas,
No stream work to be conducted during trout awning season.
Keep machinery out of streams to extent possible.
cc: Regional Office
Central Office Page Number 1
Facility Name Diamond Creek Community c/o John McNeely County Avery
Project Number 01 0429 Regional Contact: Michael R. Parker
Date:
Comments (continued from page 1):
All culverts installed shall be bedded to provide for fish and wildlife movement with the same stream
profile maintaining the same steam dimensions above and below the culverts.
Installitation of bottomless culverts shall not impact State surface waters or wetlands,
cc: Regional Office
Central Office Page Number 2
May 25 01 10:40a Leonard Rindner 704 847 0185 p.2
LEONARD S. R.INDNER. PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
FAX COVER LETTER
Send To Fax Number : 4PIM Date :
To: -®doe 504-. JjA p% _
From : em plt-'-?dAcoe-
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Remarks/Message:
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May 25 01 10:40a Leonard Rindner 704 847 0185 p.3
LEONARD S. RINDNER. PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning 'P'ete: [phone]
,Fax [phone]
May 24, 2001
Mr. Todd St. John
Division of Water Quality - NCDENR
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604
Re: DWO# 010424 + 800 Acres Diamond Creek Golf Course and Residential Community,, Re0uest
for Nationwide]Perrnit 439 and NWP #14, Avery County, North Carolina
Dear Todd:
Based on additional discussions with you, yesterday and this morning, the developer will reduce the
impacts from 225 If to 145 linear feet at the impact labeled "A" on the attached map. The golf course
architect believes that although the reduction is possible, it may compromise the success of the golf course
on the 418 fairway. Therefore we may need to modify the permit in the future through a re-application for
permits and mitigation. Because the area is within a complicated zone of the golf course, we will not know
if the additional impact is necessary until the play of the golf course can be evaluated on the ground. If
impacts exceed the 150 linear foot threshold we understand that mitigation will be required for the entire
stream impact. There are many opportunities for mitigation on this site through the daylighting of existing
piped stream channels. We hope that this additional information is adequate for you to recommend
approval of the 401 Water Quality Certification. The developer has understood from the beginning the
sensitivity of the trout waters and natural habitats in the area. We have worked closely and in good faith
with all the natural resource agencies in developing a plan that significantly avoids and minimizes
impacts to streams and wetlands. The McNeely's are also considering placing Hanging Rock Mountain in
a conservation easement and have been discussing this with the USFWS and the NCWRC and other
interested parties.
The timing of your approval is very important. Being in the mountains and in trout waters areas it is
important for construction to be accomplished before the spawning season begins. We would appreciated
your consideration regarding this matter.
Please contact me if you have any questions or require additional explanation. Thank you for your
consideratiyrR
s .'
S) 'I
s _•11GMDK'1?,
i ndner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
cc: John and Sharon McNeely
Mr. David Baker - US Army Corps of Engineers - Reg. Field Office
Larry Rest - LandDesign
Marty Koeot - LandOesign
Hunter Owen - Landllesign
Blake Bickford - Fazio Golf Course Designers
May 25 01 10:40a Leonard Rindner
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LEONARD S. RINDNER. PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
May 21, 2001
Mr. Todd St. John
Division of Water Quality - NCDENR
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604
Mr. Michael Parker
Division of Water Quality - NCDENR
Interchange Building
59 Woodfin Place
Asheville, NC 28801
Re: DWO# 010429 + 800 Acres Diamond Creek Golf Course and Residential Community, Request
for Nationwide Permit #39 and NWP #14. Averv Countv. North Carolina
Dear Sirs:
On behalf of my client, John and Sharon McNeely, I have attached a plan indicating the revisions to the
plan based on our meeting to reduce impacts to streams and wetlands. The following locations were
revised:
1) # 17 and #16 Area - Wetland impacts are now completely avoided. The bottomless culvert has
been reduced from approximately 200 if to only 85 linear feet. The proposed impacted stream
impact near the #16 green was reduced from 145 linear feet to only 60 linear feet. The 85 linear
reduction here is proposed to be utilized on hole #15.
2) An 85 linear foot culvert impact is proposed before the #15 green. The channel crossing at #15
was originally proposed to be a bottomless culvert. This was the very dry"marginal' intermittent
channel.
3) The channel crossing at #18 has been changed to have to 40 linear foot sections of bottomless
culvert on each side of the proposed 145-If stream impact instead of one 80 linear foot long
bottomless culvert.
4) The bottomless culvert crossing near #7 green has been reduced from 85 linear feet to 60 linear
feet.
Overall, the bottomless culvert crossings have been reduced from 365 linear feet to 225 linear feet. The
longest bottomless crossing is 85 linear feet reduced from 200 linear feet. The plan has been modified to
preserve the headwater wetlands near the #16 green and #17 tee. This particular modification should
especially please the NCWRC and the USFWS.
Please contact me if you have any questions or require additional explanation. Thank you for your
consideration.
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LEONARD S. RINDNER PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Professional Wetland Scientist Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
May 21, 2001
Mr. David Baker
US Army Corps of Engineers - Reg. Field Office
151 Patton Avenue - Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801 - 5006
Re: + 800 Acres Diamond Creek Golf Course and Residential Community, Request for Nationwide
Permit #39 and NWP #14. Avery County, North Carolina
Dear David:
The following attachments depict the results of changes made to the plans as the result of discussions with
the NCDWQ, NCWRC, and USFWS, regarding the site plan. Impacts to streams and wetland have been
further reduced to the following:
SUMMARY F Waters of the U.S.
Surface Waters Perennial and Perennial tributaries (+ 15,300 if )
Wetlands
Ponds
Approximate Total - Waters of the U.S.
SUMMARY OFIMPA?TS
NWT #14 (1 Crossing) Int/Perennial tributaries (+1501f length/3' wide)
NWP #39 Intermittent tributaries (+ 29010
Wetlands
Pond
+ 2.25 acres
+ 2.45 acres
+ 2.70 acres
± 7.40 acres
+ 0.015 ac.
+ 0.030 ac.
+ 0.090 ac.
+ 0.100 ac.
Total - NWP #14 and NWP#39
Approximately % % of Waters of the U.S. are preserved
SUMMARY OF IMPACTS - Original Proyasal
NWP #14 (1 Crossing) Int/Perennial tributaries (+1501f length)
NWP #39 Intermittent tributaries (+ 30010
Wetlands
Pond
Total - NWP #14 and NWP#39
± 0.24ac.
+ 0.015 ac.
± 0.030 ac.
+ 0.160 ac.
+ 0.100 ac.
± 0.31ac.
Approximately 96 % of Waters of the U.& in the project area are preserved
The following revisions and modifications were made:
1) # 17 and #16 Area - Wetland impacts are now completely avoided. The bottomless culvert has
been reduced from approximately 200 If to only 85 linear feet. The proposed impacted stream
impact near the 916 green was reduced from 145 linear feet to only 60 linear feet, The 85 linear
reduction here is proposed to be utilized on hole #15.
2) An 85 linear foot culvert impact is proposed before the #15 green. The channel crossing at #15
was originally proposed to be a bottomless culvert. This was the very dry`marginal" intermittent
channel.
3) The channel crossing at #18 has been changed to have to 40 linear foot sections of bottomless
culvert on each side of the proposed 145-1f stream impact instead of one 80 linear foot long
bottomless culvert.
4) The bottomless culvert crossing near #7 green has been reduced from 85 linear feet to 60 linear
feet.
Overall, the bottomless culvert crossings have been reduced from 365 linear feet to 225 linear feet. The
longest bottomless crossing is 85 linear feet reduced from 200 linear feet. The plan has been modified to
preserve the headwater wetlands near the #16 green and #17 tee. This particular modification should
especially please the NCWRC and the USFWS.
Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation
A great effort has been made during the planning process to develop a plan that avoids impacts to over
96% of the streams on the project. The plan also avoids impacts completely to the perennial trout water
streams. Overall, the plan avoids over 96% of all the jurisdictional waters of the U.S., including an
approximate 2-acre boulder field/spring seep habitat. The proposed development takes full advantage of
previously disturbed areas of the site. The plan also shows that the headwaters of a deeply shaded and
nearly pristine riparian habitat along a trout water stream dominated by birch, hemlock and rhododendron
has been preserved. During the planning process site reviews and discussions were held with the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, North Carolina Division of Water Quality, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission, North Carolina State Historic
Preservation Office, and representatives of Avery County. During the construction process, the developer
will impose strict guidelines and requirements to prevent impacts to sensitive natural habitats and
archaeological sites. The developer also proposes to work closely with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
and the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission and the NC Natural Heritage program to develop
guidelines to avoid impacts to the documented sensitive habitats associated with Hanging Rock Mountain.
Proposed Compensatory Mitigation
A mitigation plan is proposed for a "no net loss" of wetland, stream, and surface water habitat, value, and
function to the extent feasible on this site. The goal of this plan is to preserve, protect and the extents of
the existing wetlands and streams to be saved through enhancement by the use of protective buffers.
Existing wetlands and streams to be preserved will be protected and enhanced with at least the minimum
25' required buffer however as depicted on the plans, this will be substantially exceeded for most of the
project. An existing pond will be expanded to mitigate for lost open water. An additional pond near the
clubhouse will be constructed for irrigation, as an amenity, and for stormwater management associated
with the clubhouse and parking. Pocket wetlands and biotllters will be developed within the golf
course to prevent direct discharge of stormwater into the streams and to filter and absorb nutrients
and other pollutants. A stormwater management facility is also proposed for the grounds and golf
course maintenance facility.
Best Management Practices will be employed to minimize impacts to Jurisdictional Waters. These will
include:
a) Siltation Barriers; Sediment Traps and Diversion Ditches
b) Barricades to define construction limits to sensitive sites and to protect important vegetation
c) Preconstruction meetings
d) Vehicular access will be restricted to specific areas to avoid disturbance to adjacent
wetlands and natural areas to be preserved.
e) Methods to prevent short term impacts will be inspected regularly and maintained during
construction of the project.
t) Wetlands to be preserved will be clearly marked prior to construction to prevent accidental
damage to wetlands. The contractors will be held responsible for unauthorized wetland damage
not permitted according to plans and specifications.
g) Project construction will strictly adhere to an approved Sedimentation and Erosion Control
Plan. Best Management Practices will include utilizing siltation trapping ponds and other
erosion control structures where appropriate. Impacts from hazardous materials and other
toxins to fish and aquatic life such as fuels will be avoided by not permitting staging areas to
be located near surface waters.
h) As required by the 401 Water Quality Certification conditions, measures will be taken to
prevent "live" or fresh concrete from coming into contact with waters until the concrete has
hardened.
Please contact me if you have any questions or require additional explanation. Thank you for your
consideration.
Leonard S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
cc: John and Sharon McNeely
Mr. Todd St. John
Division of Water Quality - NCDENR
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604
Mr. Michael Parker
Division of Water Quality - NCDENR
Interchange Building
59 Woodfin Place
Asheville, NC 28801
Larry Best - LandDesign
Marty Kocot - LandDesign
Hunter Owen - LandDesign
Blake Bickford - Fazio Golf Course Designers
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B
Y TIME IS LIMITED TO 5 COLF
HILL BE COORDINATED'ITH JASON
INITIATING THE LAND DISTURBANCE.
URES MAY BE REQUIRED IN AREAS
ETERMINED BY FIELD INSPECTION. OR
)L CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE.
I CONTROL DETAILS
'E SCHEDULE
REEK BUFFER AREAS UNTIL PERMIT
HAS BEEN RECEIVED.
WILL OCCUR ON SITE WITHIN THE
NED YATHIN THE SILT FENCE AREA
SION CONTROL DEVISES AND
TURES SHELL BE PERFORMED BY
MIRES MAYBE REWIRED IN AREAS
ELD INSPECTION OR
EXISTING QUARRY POND TO REMAIN
.TERMINED BY F1 I BOTTOMLESS CULVERT OVER BROOK TROUT STREAM' \\"T4o
W T BUlYER v?
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CLEARING ONLY RSI ?T 'LOTS/
LOWER POND TO BE EXPANDED
R DEN A TS i' '? ?? ??? •? /
SMALL POND TO BE FILLED 10.05 AC NWPI39 - ?? - -/ 17 A ?tE1?DEN11 LOTS, / I
CLEARING ONIV A /
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Gi[N iLOwi UNOOIORd1w0_
UNDISTURBED WETLANDS WLMT -,
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EXISTING PONDS
0 LF BOTTOMLESS NMLESS
60 LF BOTTOS CULVERT^ift
.? J
UNDISTURBED WETLANDS

i
EXTEr,
TREAT
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Avoidance, Mlaimiaattea, and Mitigation
A great effort has been made during the planning process to develop a plan that avoids impacts to over
96% of the mamrs w the project. The plan aim avoids impede completely to the perennial trout water
streams. Overall. the plan avoids over 96% of all the Jurisdictional waters of the U.S., including an \
grprosimote 2-sera boulder field/spring sap habitat. The proposed development takes full advantage of - -i ? \
previously disturbed areas of the vita The plan also shows that the hesdvroters of a deeply shaded and l
LY U \ I \
85 LF BOTTOMLESS CULVERT 31M
as anew a°"cT? 00 LF STREAM IMPACT
Hare uoot Kr- .m ".0 1ra?cL, ro x rom /
r1A`ea uNaaRaaaUlla j -?, ._ / j / / / / /
ro tixi "tltevi
CLEARING ONLY v+ a? rui / / /
85 LF STREAM IMPACT (DRY STREAM BED) ?c _ wrow O ?. J ?? -/
J / / 1L REGD[NTIA LOTS
? 1 ?? ENTRY ROAD TO UTILIZE EX. CROSSING TO EXTENT
FEASIBLE-NWP014 MAX. IMPACT (NCDWO) 150 LF'
STREAM IS 13' WIDE '-
/CLEARING ONLY ? j i \ /?- J? i / J _ / / /?/ /C I
'-' -i -? EXTENDED DETENTION WETLAND STORMWATER I
TREATMENT FACILITY WILL BE PROVIDED FOR
MAINTENANCE FACILITY. \ _ / I )
- '-" / EXTENDED DETENTION WETLAND STORMWATER
TREATMENT FACILITY WILL BE PROVIDED FOR
CLUBHOUSE AREA AND PARKING _ - - - ? _ _ - _ _ - /? \ /
AREAS REVISED
SUMMARY OFWatenoffheUS
( C ?? _ J + \ I Swfau Wad. Pa nial nd Perennial tributarim ( I"00 If) ± 2.25
/ \t ??? 11)1<
Wellaads k 2.45
2.70
LEONARD RINDN R, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant idjul 3714 Spokeshave Lane
Landscape Architecture FW'n Matthews, NC 28105
Land Planning Tele: [phone]
Fax [phone]
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
TO:

PROJECT : 0`?,;;e c,ze-k.-
ITEMS SENT :
44
, /// ?1
COMMENTS:

BY:
C.e- ilk gat'a k?
?77?JGv? ??tJG,-?
COPY:
()S/rte
0
DATE: l?(
t If
?lvy2 y
PROJ.#:
MEMORANDUM
TO: John Dorney Regional Contact: Michael R. Parker
Non-Discharge Branch WO Supervisor: Forrest Westall
Date:
SUBJECT: WETLAND STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Facility Name Diamond Creek Community c/o John McNeely County Avery
Project Number 01 0429 County2
Recvd From APP Region Asheville
Received Date 3/21/01 Recvd By Region K20,L 0/
Project Type residential
Certificates
Permit Wetland
Type Type
Wetland Wetland
Impact Score
sy (,J-1 r X10 (1-7 Y,
Stream Stream Impacts (ft.) C
r[
Stream Class Acres Feet
Index Prim. Supp. Basin Req. Req.
39 Stream P-7-0 -NF-F8-225 --1 F-c T TR 40,201. F 450.00 F--- F-
14 O Y N F
-OY ON ?f 1 -?I -?I _I-I -
Mitigation Wetland
MitigationType Type Acres Feet

Is Wetland Rating Sheet Attached? 0 Y 0 N Did you request more info? Q Y 0 N
Have Project Changes/Conditions Been Discussed With Applicant? 0 Y 0 N
Is Mitigation required? 0 Y O N Recommendation: 0 Issue 0 Issue/fond 0 Deny
Provided by Region: Latitude (ddmmss) 360924 Longitude (ddmmss) 815011
Comments:
On 04/217/01 requested Len Rindner provide large scale maps to evaluate total roJect. On hold
letter sent 04/23/01 requesting same.
'gional Office
tral Office Page Number 1

Vascular Plaint
Geum gericulatum Bard Avens T FSC S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Current - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Geum rdQnaWm Spreading Avens ESC LE S1 G1 HABITA
Vascular Plard Hekrdh mtm pro*xp-m Creeping Sunrose C S1 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
E - S1 G5 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plaid Hieroctloe odorata Holy Grass HABITAT
Vascular Purl Housmrva nwrdana Roan Mountain Bluet E LE S2 05420 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Cam - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant Huperzia ^a Appalachian Fr-clutxnoss C - S2 G4G5 HABITAT
l ESC - S2 G4 Historic Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plaid Hydrastis canradensis Goldensea HABIT
Vascular Plaid Ilea Collins Long-stalked Holly T - 81 G3 Gwent - Watauga - MAP -
AH BITAT
Vascular Plant Liatris hetieri HeUer's Blazing Star TSC LT S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant LUium canadense sap
canadense Yellow Canada Lily C - S1 G5T4? Histaic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Lilium terse ssp
editaurn Red Canada Lily C - S1 G5T4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vasdlar Plant LAM gw Gray's Lily T-SC FSC S3 G3 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant xcum var
Ul Wood Lily C S1 Gm Current Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
m
ladelPhicu
Vascular Plant Upens ioesew Fen Orchid C S1 G5 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant L.onicera canedensis American Fly-honeysucide SR - S2 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plaid Lycopodiella inundate Bog Clubmoss C - S1 G5 Cufferd Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
d
t
h
i Meehania SR - S2 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plaid a cor
a
a
Mee
an HABIT
Large-leaved Grass-of- T S1
G3G4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plaid gran dfnf
Pal, >assB is Parnassus HABITAT
Vascular Plant pediialads; lanceotat-a Swamp Lousewort C - S1 G5 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Ptatarthera grandrBora large Purple4ringed Orchid SR - S2 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Ptatanthera peramoena Purple Fringeless Orchid C - S1 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plaid Poa paiuxhgena Bog Bluegrass E FSC S1 G3 Hist A Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plarit Rhododendron vaseyi Pink-shell Azalea SR - S3 G3 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Rhyrewspom allm Northern White Beaksedge C - S2 G5 C merit - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Current Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plaid Sanguisorba canadensis Canada Bumet SR - S3 G5 H
Vascular Plant Saxafraga Carolinian Carolina Saxifrage C FSC S2 G2 Gurtent - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant SaWraga pensytvanica Swamp Saxifrage C S1 G5 HABn TA Watauga - MAP -
Vascular Plant SwUettaria sanahTis Rode Skullcap C - S1 . G3G4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plaint Sedum roses Roseroot E _ 81 G5 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plaid Senecio schwainit ianus Schweinites Ragwort E S2 G57 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Sofidago rliginosa Bog Goldenrod SR - S1S2 G4G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Spargarriurn chlorocarpum Greenfruit Bur-reed C S1 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Spiranth s ochroleuca Yellow Ladies'4xesses SR - SH G4 Historic - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Taws canadensis Canada Yew SR S1 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
AH BITAT
Vascular Plant Vac=uum macrocarpon Cranberry C S2 G4 Current Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plaid Veronica americana American Speedwell SR - S2 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Natural Community Acidic Cove Forest - - S5 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Carolina Hemlock Bluff S2 G2G3 Current - Watauga - MAP
http://www.ncsparks-net/nhp/elements2.fm 8/24/2000
Natural Community Fraser Fir Forest - - - S1 G1 Cument - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Heath Bald - - - S3 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP
Nat=l Community High Elevation Red Oak - - _ S5 G5 Current - Watauga - MAP
Forest
Natural Community S?Elevation Rocky _ - - S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP

Natural Community High Ebvation Seep - - - S3 G3 Crrrerd - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Montane Acidic CRIT _ - - S3 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP
Northern Hardwood Forest
Natural Community (Beech Gap Subtype) - _ S27 G27 Current - Watauga - MAP
Nodhem Hardwood Forest
tural Communit
N S4
- G5 Current - Watauga - MAP
a
y (Typic Subtype)
Natural Community Red Spruce-Fraser Fir
Forest S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Rich Cove Forest - - - S4 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP
Nahum Community Sault- Appalachian Bog
Subt
e)
N
dt S1 G1T7 Current - Watauga - MAP
-n
yp
(
o
Natural Community Spray Cliff - - - S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP
Natural Community Swarnp Forest-Bog -
Complex (Spruce Subtype) - - 81 G2G3T1 Current - Watauga - MAP
Nahaal Community Swamp Forest-Bog
Complex (Typic Subtype) S2 G2G3T2 Current - Watauga - MAP
NC NIP database updated: July 1, 2000. Search performed on Thursday, August 24, 2000.
Do NOT bookmark this search results page, instead bookmark: www.ncsparks.net/nhp/element.html
http://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/elements2.fnn 8/24/2000
Search Criteria: Watauga, Listed
Search Results: 40 records found.
Major Group Scientific Name Common Name State Federal State Global County
Statu s Stat us Rank Rank Status
Mammal Coryrwriti usWwrrsendii Virginia Big-eared Bat E LE S1 G4T2 Obscure- Watauga - MAP -
virgtnianus 11,A5ITAT
Mammal Glau=T" sabrinus Carona Northern Fiying E I E S1 GST1 Current - Watauga - MA? -
cotoratus Squirrel HA-5-!TAT
Mammal Neotoma magister Akgheny Woodrat SC FSC S1S2 G3G4 Obscure - Watauga - M7P.t7 -
HABITAT
Mammal Sorex palustris pundrdatus Southern Water Strew SC FSC S2 G573 Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
HAB17AT
Man". I Syt "gus transitionaiis New England Cottontaill - FSC S3 G4 Historic - Watauga - M A P -
HABITAT
Bird Aaipiter coopedi Cooper's Hawk SC - S3B,S3N G5 Current - Watauga - MAi' -
HABITAT
Bird Aegoiws scadicus pop 1 Southern Appalachian Northem SC FSC S2B
S2N GST? Current - Watauga - MA -
Saw-whet Owl , H.ABiTAT
Bird Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler SR FSC S2B,SZN G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HASITAT
Bird Sptryrapicus varies Appalachian Yellow-raided SR FSC ' S2B
S5N G5T? Current - Watauga - M_AP -
appalachiensis Sapsucker , HABIT P,T
Reptile Ciemmys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle T T(S/A) S2 G3 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Amphibian Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hel bender SC FSC S3 G4 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Amphibian Eurycea iongicauda Longtaii Salamander SC - S1S2 GSTS Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
longicauds HABITAT
Amphibian Ple uxion walled Wetler's Salamander Sc - S2 G3 Current - Watauga - M A° -
HABITAT
Fish Phenacobius ieretulus Kanawha Minnow SC FSC S2S3 G3G4 Current - Watauga - NA? -
_HABIT.AT_
Mollusk Efliptio drlaYata Sprite Sc S1 G5 current - Watauga - MS_A- -
HABITAT
Mollusk Inflec anus subpalliahn Velvet Covert Sc - S2 G? Obscure - Watauga - MAF -
HASI T AT
Mollusk Lasmigona subviridis Green Floater E FSC S1 G3 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HABITAT
Mollusk Leptoxis dflatata Seep Mudalia T S1 G2? Current - Watauga - rJAc -
HABITAT
Mollusk Paravitrea andrewsae High Mountain Supercoil Sc S2 G? Obscure - Watauga - MA- -
HA6ITAT
Mollusk Venfidens coakDft Biderriate Dome Sc - S2 G3 Obscure - Watauga - MAP -
HABITr,T
Insect Speyeria diana Diana Fddhary SR FSC S3 G3 Current - Watauga - h/ a:P -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Cardamine clematitis Mountain Bittercress C FSC S2? G2G3 Current - Watauga - rviA= -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Carex oligosperma Few-seeded Sedge E - S1 G4 Current - Watauga - MiAP -
HABi T A T
Vascular Plant Delphinium exattatum Tali Larkspur ESC FSC S1 G3 Current - Watauga - L0 AD -
HABI'AT
Vascular Plant Euphorbia purpurea Glade Spurge (= Darlington's C FSC S2 G3 Obscure Watauga - MAP -
H
Vascular Plant Filipendula rubra Queen o€the-prairie E - S1 G4G5 Historic - Watauga - iJAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Gentiarwpsis crinita Fringed Gentian ESC - S1 G4 Current - Watauga - MyAP -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Geum genic ufatum Bent Avens T FSC S2 G2 Current - Watauga - A'A? -
HABITAT
Vascular Plant Geum radiatum Spreading Averts ESC LE S1 G1 Current -Watauga - MAP -
H.A5ITAT
Vascular Plant Hierochioe odorata Holy Grass E - S1 G5 Historic - Watauga- W.4= -
HAR1 T L,T
Vascular Plant Houstonia montana Roan Mountain Bluet E LE S2 G572Q Current - Watauga - Fyn . -
HABiTL,T
Vascular Plant Hydrastis canadensis Goldenseal ESC - S2 G4 Historic - Watauga -
riP,SiTA-
Vascular Plant . Ilex cotiina Long-stalked Holly T - S1 G3 Current - Watauga - N44 -
H ot? AT
Vascular Plant Liatris helleri Heller's Blazing Star T-SC LT S2 G2 Current - Watauga -
HABITAT
hup://wrww.nesparks.net/nhp/elements2.f n 8/24/2000
, JGOl V11 IXGJLLILJ
Vascular Plant I.Alum grayi
Vascular Plant Pamassia granditlia
Vascular Plant Poa paludigena
Vascular Plant Smdfraga caroliniana
Vascular Plant Sedum rosea
Vascular Plant Senecio
Gray's Lily
Larg&4eaved Grew,&-
Parnassus
Bog Bluegrass
Carolina Smdfrage
Roswoot
Schweadiz s Ragwort
TSC FSC S3 G3 Current - Watauga - tjohF -
HaoTaT
T - S1 G3G4 Historic - Watauga - LV,:, -
HABiTAT
E FSC S1 G3 Historic - Watauga - t4AP -
A7
C FSC S2 G2 Current - Watauga - MAP -
HAB71 AT
E - S1 G5 Hrstarrc - Watauga - M°•° -
HA817P,T
E - S2 G57 Current - Watauga - MA? -
HABITAT
NC NHP database updated: July 1, 2000. Search performed on Thursday, August 24, 2000.
Do NOT bookmark this search results page, instead bookmark www.ncsparks.net/nhp/element.html
http://www.ncsparks.net/nhp/elements2.fm 8/24/2000
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? North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission 0
Charles R.FullwOOd, FACCUtIVC Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: John Dorney, DWQ
401 Certification Section

Steve Chapin, Permit Coordinator O tJ (,{
Asheville Office, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
FROM: Ron Linville, Regional Coordinator,.,, Habitat Conservation Program DATE: May 1, 2001
SUBJECT: Review of an Application by Diamond Creek Residential and Golf
Community, unnamed tributaries to Horse Bottom Creek, Avery County
The applicant is requesting a letter of concurrence from the North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) to obtain 404 Nationwide Permits (NWP) 14
and 39 from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and associated 401 Certifications for road
and fairway crossings. Ms. Nora Murdock (USFWS), Mr. Chris McGrath, and I
conducted a site visit on April 25, 2001. Less than 0.33 acres of wetlands will be
impacted during construction. Minor stream impacts are anticipated. The applicant's
consultant has indicated that wooded areas will not be disturbed, that trout water buffers
will be protected, and that the upper elevations of the project (Hanging Rock and Four
Diamond Ridge) will be placed in permanent conservation easements. The NCWRC has
reviewed information provided by the applicant, and field biologists on our staff are
familiar with habitat values of the project area. These comments are provided in
accordance with provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466 et. seq.) and
the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661-667d).
During our visit, it became apparent that the owners, John and Sharon McNeely,
and their consultants, Leonard Rindner and Jim Matthews, had minimized impacts to the
site considerably. Some minor reductions may still be possible as the project moves
forward. Resource agency personnel should commend such astute stewardship ethics and
practices. The visiting agencies expressed concern that secondary and cumulative
impacts could occur to listed species due to construction and development. We
Mailing Address:
DIN, Isioil o1 Ii laud Fislieries • 1721 Mail ScrN ice Ccntcr • KaIcigll, NC 27699-1721
Telephone: [phone] ext. 281 1 Fax: [phone]
Diamond Creek GC 2 05/01/01
encouraged the owners to protect the area by setting aside biologically important areas in
conservation easements. Mr. Chris McGrath with the NCWRC indicated that he did not
envision any direct impacts to listed species such as Alleghany woodrats, wellers
salamander, northern flying squirrels, rock voles, water shrews and others, as their habitat
is located at higher elevations than the proposed development. He indicated that
protection from secondary and cumulative impacts should be provided using conservation
easements for the higher elevations. Ms. Nora Murdock of the US Fish and Wildlife
Service has provided the following pertinent information:
The mountain area involved has four federally listed endangered and threatened
plants on the site, and a fifth plant that is under consideration for federal listing. They are
the Roan Mountain bluet (Hedyotis purpurea var. montana) - Endangered, spreading
avens (Geum radiatum) - Endangered, Heller's blazing star (Liatris helleri) - Threatened,
Blue Ridge goldenrod (Solidago spithamaea) - Threatened, and Gray's lily (Lilium grayi)
- under consideration for listing. This plant will probably be elevated to candidate status
this year. To our knowledge, there have never been any systematic surveys of the entire
property for plants and animals; the above species are just the ones that we know about
from cursory surveys done before the property came into the hands of the present owners.
Based upon the recent find of a northern flying squirrel at 4,000 feet elevation on
Grandfather Mountain, there's a chance that they could be found on the Four Diamond
property. It wouldn't hurt to put up some nest boxes, or do some trapping for the
squirrel. Other species of federal concern that could be found are on the Heritage
Program list; however, the most likely include the Alleghany woodrat, possibly saw whet
owl, southern rock vole, possibly the Southern Appalachian yellow-bellied sapsucker,
and Appalachian cottontail. I didn't see anything yesterday that looked like good bog
turtle habitat. Two more plant species of federal concern may also show up with further
surveys. They are the mountain bittercress (Cardamine clematitis) and Carolina saxifrage
(Saxifraga caroliniana). This is one of only three remaining sites in the world for Blue
Ridge goldenrod. The other three federally listed species are known from less than a
dozen populations each.
This is an extraordinarily significant piece of property, biologically. The presence
of the four-federally-listed species places it among the highest priority sites in the State
for protection. This site has national significance as well. The FWS have been
attempting to work with three separate landowners to protect the most significant parts of
the site for the past 20 years. The current landowners are to be applauded for their stated
intention to set aside the habitat for the federally listed species, as well as much of the
more significant lower-elevation areas. A conservation easement or other form of
permanent protection for the cliffs where the federally listed plants are present would be
ideal. Protecting the area and the listed plant species from trespassers may be difficult.
But helpful possibilities with state and national land trust are worth consideration. Land
conservancies can provide for limited number of guided hikes, with a small number of
people allowed so that damage from foot-traffic can be controlled. Conservancies can
also help limit access to the top of the mountain and the most sensitive vegetation as well
as help provide alternative places for people to enjoy the view.
Diamond Creek GC 3 05101101
Concerning the 404Permit and 401 Certification, based on the information
provided by the applicant and our information on the range of trout in the project area, we
do not believe this project will cause significant effects to waters supporting trout
providing the following conditions are implemented:
1. Instream work and land disturbance within the 25-foot wide buffer zone are prohibited
during the trout spawning season of October 15 through April 15 to protect the egg and
fry stages of trout from off-site sedimentation during construction.
2. Stringent erosion control measures should be installed where soil is disturbed and
maintained until project completion.
3. Pipe culverts or pipes should be installed into the streambed (approximately one foot
into the substrate whenever possible) to maintain aquatic life passage. No damming or
freefalling of water should occur during low flow conditions. The upstream and
downstream channel dimensions should not be modified. Native vegetative species and
materials should be used for streambank stabilization.
4. If any concrete will be used, work must be accomplished so that wet concrete does not
contact stream water. This will lessen the chance of altering the stream's water chemistry
and causing a fish kill.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this project. If you
have any questions regarding these comments on the 404 Permit or 401 Certification,
please contact me at 336/769-9453. To discuss the biological significance of the site,
Nora Murdock can be reached at 828-258-3939 extension 231 and Chris McGrath may be
reached at 828-683-0671.
Cc: John and Sharon McNeely
Leonard Rindner, PWS
Nora Murdock, USFWS
Chris McGrath, NCWRC
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FILL SMALL POND ±0.05 AC
184 } FILL SMALL WETLAND ±0.07 AC
EXISTING QUARRY POND TO REMAIN
,pOb NWP#39
BOTTOMLESS CULVERT PROPOSED RoAO atosstNc
90FT BUFFER YARIANCE PUCE OVER BROOK TROUT STREAM _ eottat~E ow LVERT wRH
~ sroNE ALLS. \ too Ft BuFFEa vARUwcE BOTTOMLESS CULVERT ~ICINIIY MAP VARIANCE
f - ~ ~ caNSTttucT sraNE WAU YATHIN r \ ¢ \ 2s Fl of WETLAND AREA ~ W'~ rsTNIN 145 TO 150 LF STREAM IMPACT NWP#39 AND AREA
~ ~
ro ~ ~ ~ \ \ ~ / aaoFr eufrER vAwANCE ~ , REQUEST CONSTRUCT STONE / / i- ~ ~ ~ ~ 0
~ / ~ / ~ ~ wAU ~tHr~ ItufFER To ~ , ~ ExTEND FAIRWAY fOR HOLE /~A j \ ~ \
' ~ \ CABIN STREAM AND RIPARIAN AREAS PRESERVED
i \i ~ ~ z° J ~ ~ .
i / ) ~ CLEARING ONLY ~ ~ ~ _
\ / ~ i ? ~ , ~ I
R SI & N(L OTS J
..i' ~
1 ~ \ / ~ Y ±0.07 AC WETLAND IMPACT NWP#39
LOWER POND TO BE EXPANDED ~ ~ \ ~ ~ i- ~ \ / / / \ ~ P CE BO d1LVER \ YATN FAIRWAY •
~ ~ ~ BEGIN JURI5DICTIONAL STREAM I ~
SMALL POND TO BE FILLED ±0.05 AC ~ ~R SID N A TS ~ ~ ~ I J ® BOTTOMLE55 CULVERT
/ \ ~ NWP#39 , ~ ~ / / ~ ~ ~ 170 FT
~ D ~ NTI LOTS / O ~ ``~o PUCE BOTTOA~ESS CULVERT
~ _ ~ \ ~ r / ~ ~ b
~ ~ CLEARIN ~ / G ONLY
i / / \ ~ ~ ~
/ 490FT BUF?ER VARIANC[ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ g ~ ~ ~ J
T IM1HM1 \ eu~ .i / -~1--~ ~
t BUFFER vARU4NCE / ~ / a PR STONE WALL TD BE ~t S r,., 1
~ ~ - lED WI1WN BUFFgi ~ uK / 8 ~ - y ~ DS IMPACT e ` ~ ~ r ~
~ t~ Fr IMI ~ ROCI( WAI~ lYP ~ ~ CREEK PIpEI 146 FT IMPACT ~ h. t ~ PIrE~ _ _ V
~ROP8SE0 WATER QUAUIY PONO J 1 ~ --1
F Y ~ \ ~ i .'r%;;~ ' PaND m ~ rti Eu~Ario~ A' ~ _ - \ ~ ~ H
~ ~ PacoaFANEO r~ HERE SEDWFrtT ANO ~ STREAM REAPPEARS pROp CR055ING ptE ~ t45 STREAM NAPACi r 145 TO 150 LF STREAM IMPACT >SSINO 0'tE TO BE PPED ~ 1
~ _ Ftows UNDER TH AQE~ URFACE~ BOTTOMLESS COVERT
4 I ~ BsFt BUF vA~AN~ AS PERENNIAL mDE o ss anrERT i ~ ~ : eotrouLESs rases / I f ~ ~ ~ (AIRWAY OVER / ~ t CULYERI TH FAIRWAY OVER f- / . ~
/ \ a~ / / ~ . tf'~ ~ ~ ~ ^ ~ / ~ _ i
~ CREEK ROWS UNDERGROUND UNDISTURBED WETLANDS >a \ 143FT CULVt~T-TO (~NVEY ~ ~ \ / 4t CST WAL / / `~J / /
--tea CREEIf D WG S10RH EVENT ~ ~ i ~ ~ CLEARING ONLY ` ~
c BOTTOMLESS CULVE EXISTING PONDS TO REMAIN ~ i CLEARING ONLY 1 ~ LESS CULVERT / ,
\ ~ ` ~ S \ /f ROCK WA i ~ ~ / i ~ ~t J /
BTTM 0 0 LESS CULVERT
y n ~ 6 ,r~ y \ 1 - uER / - ~ / ~ t
ry / 1
140FT QUES ~ / ~ ~ ~ / l 23 BUFFER ON CR ANO ~ / .--r r ~ ~ NO ~ ~ / /
z \ / \ \ U STONEWALL YATHIN r r L / ~ ~ Ro \ BUFFER ENLARGE 1EE T wAL~ ~ / E`;iIDENTI LO 1
~ L Ck W U A ~ ~ /
~Rrfc ~ ? ~ - ENTRY RC ENTRY ROAD TO UTILIZE EXISTING CR05SING TO EXTENT FEASIBLE / ; ~ / - _J / / / -
~ ~ ~ NWP#14 M, ..r- / \ \ ~ vERncq ~ ~ ~ ~ ' NWP#14 MAXIMUM IMPA 1 ~ / ~ ~ ~ ~
~ cc ~ ~ ~ ~ Ur WALE ~ V ~ \ ~ _ - r \ ~ i
\ AL LOTS ~ ~ ~ ~ RESID T1 ~ ~ ~ v. _ /
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ / CLEARING ONLY ~ _ ~ ~ \ ~ ` VERTICAL CU \ ~ / ING ONLY ~ _ 'f ~ - 0•'e~° q<,,
\ \ \ 1 / _ \ ~ ~ STORMWATER TREATMENT FACILITY WILL BE _ ~ ' ~ ~ / ~ ~ / ~ ~ SEAL ' 9_
\ ~ - ~ - STREAM GOES UNDERGR ND ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \ OU HERE ti ~ V' , ' / Y' _ PROVIDED TO TREAT RUNOFF FROM ~ ~ 17840
~ i ~ ~ MAIIJTENAN r ~ CE FACILITY / '%9 ••.ea E~.`' 0.~'
ATER TREATM CLEARING ONLY \ _ / / ~ER TREATMENT FACILITY PROVIDED FOR ~ - ~ ``.~;;+E.°` ~
~ ~ \ ~ ~ ~ - r- ~ r- ~ /CLUBHOUSE AREA AREA AND PARKIN ~ ~ / / N A
/ _ /
\ \ / / l ~ / \ / Lr
~ ~ _ ~ _ \ RL TI LOT \ ~ / /
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- _ - _ - ~ ~ > > l . / /
~ ~ ~ / / - ~ SUMMARY01 WATERS DFTHE U.S 1
/ ~ / i
~ - / Surface Waters Perennial and Intermittent tributaries L 1s,3001f) + 2.2s acres / - /
~ ~ f ~ + 2.4s acres / ~ Wetlands _
l Q JC / ~ ~ ~ ~ + 70
Avo~anc_e,_Minimization and ~ i C ~ I 2. acres _ ~ ~ J Panels _
~ ~ ~~NGING R
/ ~i ~ . \ ~ A great effort has been made during the planning process to develop v plan that avoids im cts to over 46% ~ - i ~ ~ - Pa ~ / i ~ of the streams on the project. The plan also avoids impacts completely to the perennial trout water streams. - ~ ~ / ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Approximate'I'otal - Waters of the U.S. ± 7.40 acres \ ~ ~ I J
~ Overall, the plan avoids over 96% of all the 'urisdictio ~ ~ / \ \ ~ ~ \ ~ ~ \ \ 1 J
J r?al waters of the U.S., mcludmg an approximate 2- _ ~ / \ \ ~ acre boulder field/spnrtg seep habitat. The proposed development takes full advantage of previously / / i \ \ \ ~ SUMMARYDI'IMPACTS Q ~ ~ ~
disturbed ar f ~ _ ~ \ ~ eas o the srte. The plan also shows that the headwaters of a deeply shaded and nearly pristine - / l ~ ~ \ \ ~ ~ . _ 1 ~
\ riparian habitat along a trout water stream dominated b bircl hemlock and rhododendron ~ ~ ~ y t, has been ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + 5olfl n +O.Olsac. ~ \ \ ~ \ r~ ~ NWP #Id (1 Crnssin~ InUPerenmal tnbutanes t l e _ v ~ ~ J
\ preserved. During the plamling process site reviews and discussions were held with the U.S. Army Cos Best Mara ement Practices will be em to ed to minimize ' acts to Jurisdictional Waters. These will ~ rP g P Y ~P of Engineers, North Carolina Division of Water Quality, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S, Fish and include: \ \ ~ \
f Wildlife Service, North Cazoluta Wildlife Resource Commission, North Carolina State Historic ~ \ Y \ ~
Preservation Office, and representatives of Avery County. During the construction process, the developer a Siltation Bamers' Sediment Tra s and Diversion Ditches ~ \ V NWP #39 Intermittent tributaries 300) fl + 0.030 ac. W \ ~ Wetlands + 0.160 ac. ~
p will impose strict gmdehnes and requirements to prevent impacts to sensitive natural habitats and . b) Barricades to deGae constriction limits to sensitive rtes and to protect important vegetation \ ~ + 0.100 ac. U ~ ~ Pond _
archaeological sites. The developer also proposes to work closely with the U,S. Fish and Wildlife Service c Preconstrvctioi meetin and the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission an th N ) ~ ~ a ~ z \ ~ ~ W
d e C Nahrral Heritage Program to develop d) Vehicular access wi0 be restricted to specific areas to avoid disturbaice to adjacent guidelines to avoid impacts to the da umFnted sensitive habitats associated with Hanging Rock Mountain. wetlands and natural areas to be preserved. ~ \ ~ v ~ ° F ~ ~ ~
~ I +031ac. ~ Q ~ ~ ~ Total - NWP f 14 and NWP#39 _ ~ _ ~ \ ~ \ I a ~ vti
e) Methods to prevent short teem impacts will be inspected regularly and maintained during ' Pro need Com ensato Miti lion construction of the project.
Wetlands to be reserved will be clearly marked prior to construction to prevent accidental fl p Approximately 96 /o of Waters of tke U.S° u1 t,lle project area are preserved PRO.fcT No. 5000030
A miG lion lan is fora "no net loss" of wetland, stream, and surface water habitat, value, and damage to wetlands. The contractors will be held responsible for unauthorized wetland ga P ProP~ THERE NO STREAMS WITH IMPACTS OVER 150 LF sc 1" - 300'
function on this site. The goal of this plan is to preserve, protect sad the extents of the existing wetlands damage not permitted according to plans and specifications. DAIS;
and streams to be saved through enhancement by the use of protxtive buffers. Existing wetlands and g) Project construction will strictly adhere to an approved Sedrmentatron and)grosion Control WETLANDS AND STREAM PERMITTING PLAN MAR. 2001 ORANN BY:
streams to be preserved will be protected and enhanced with at least the minimum 25' required buffer Plan. Best Management Practices wi0 include util?zing siltation trapping ponds arrd other however as depicted on the plans, this will be substantially exceeded for most of the project. An existing erosion control structures where appropriate. Impacts from hazardous materials and other HPO
pond will be expanded to mitigate for lost open water. An additional pond near the clubhouse will be toxins to fish and aquatic fife such as fuels will be avoided by not permitting staging areas to CHECKED BY: GRAPHIC SCALE MAK
constructed for irrigation, as an amenity, and for stormwater rn~rtagemerri associated with the clubhouse be located near surface waters. FlLE NAME:
....a ».._~......,_.i.._a..._a ~.:~ru...ti ...:n:.., a~..~:~..sa ~>.e ..tiv..,.,,..o ....o.~.,+ .I:.b,.t Ao ro..~,:ro.i i,.,+t.o dnt w~fnr (1noL'Iv f prtifiratinn rnnditinna_ mea~e:rea will he taken to aoo o Iso aoo eoo X200 5000030-S1
cum pa ut& x mend nctaanua uuu o.u.uw.a TV I" uc ucrc.upcu nx.u.u y.c Fu.. ~Vw- w F1.N- u . s uI - may.. SHEET NO.
discharge of stormwater into the streams and to filter and absorb nutrients and other pollutants. A prevent /1live or fresh concrete from coming into contact with waters until the concrete has stormwater management facility is also proposed for the grounds and golf course maintenance hardened.
facility. ( IN FEET )
1 inch = 300 ft.
____OF ____SHTS

S1HS ~0----
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