20160406 Ver 2_Year 1 Monitoring Report (Buffer)_20200214

ID#* 20160406 Version* 2
Select Reviewer:*
Katie Merritt
Initial Review Completed Date 02/17/2020
Mitigation Project Submittal - 2/14/2020
Is this a Prospectus, Technical Proposal or a New Site?* r Yes r No
Type of Mitigation Project:*
r Stream r Wetlands W Buffer r- Nutrient Offset
(Select all that apply)
Project Contact Information
Contact Name:*
Jeremiah Dow
Project Information
...............................................................................................................................................................................
ID#:* 20160406
Existing IDY
Project Type: r DMS r Mitigation Bank
Project Name: Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
County: Orange
Document Information
Email Address:*
[e-mail]
Version:
*2
Existing Version
Mitigation Document Type:*
Mitigation Monitoring Report
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Print Name:* Jeremiah Dow
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MONITORING YEAR 1
ANNUAL REPORT
FINAL

BUCKWATER BUFFER MITIGATION SITE
Orange County, NC
NCDEQ Contract No. 006829
DMS Project Number 97084
NCDWR Project Number 2016-0406 v2

Data Collection Period: October 2019
Draft Submission Date: December 31, 2019
Final Submission Date: February 6, 2020

PREPARED FOR:

NC Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652

PREPARED BY:

Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
312 West Millbrook Road, Suite 225
Raleigh, NC 27609

Jason Lorch
[e-mail]
Phone: [phone]

Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 1 Annual Report - FINAL 1
BUCKWATER BUFFER MITIGATION SITE
Monitoring Year 1 Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................2
1.1 Project Summary ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Project Goals and Objectives ........................................................................................................ 2
1.3 Monitoring Year 1 Data Assessment ............................................................................................. 3
1.3.1 Vegetative Assessment ......................................................................................................... 3
1.3.2 Vegetation Areas of Concern ................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Monitoring Year 1 Summary ......................................................................................................... 4
Section 2: METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................................4
Section 3: REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................4

APPENDICES
Appendix 1 General Figures and Tables
Figure 1 Project Vicinity Map
Figure 2 Service Area
Figure 3 Project Component / Asset Map
Table 1a Buffer Project Areas and Assets
Table 1b Nutrient Offset Project Areas and Assets Available Upon Conversion
Table 2 Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3 Project Contact Table
Table 4 Project Information and Attributes
Table 5 Adjacent Forested Areas Existing Tree and Shrub Species
Table 6 Planted Tree Species

Appendix 2 Visual Assessment Data
Figure 4 Monitoring Plan View Key
Figure 4a Monitoring Plan View
Figure 4b Monitoring Plan View
Table 7 Vegetation Condition Assessment Table
Vegetation Plot Photographs

Appendix 3 Vegetation Plot Data
Table 8 Vegetation Plot Criteria Attainment Table
Table 9 CVS Vegetation Tables - Metadata
Table 10 Planted and Total Stem Counts

Appendix 4 Overview Photos

Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 1 Annual Report - FINAL 2
Section 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW
1.1 Project Summary
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. (Wildlands) implemented a full delivery project at the Buckwater Mitigation
Site (Site) for the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Division of Mitigation Services
(DMS) to restore a total of 16,276 linear feet (LF) of perennial and intermittent streams in Orange
County, NC. The site included the restoration of Buckwater Creek and 14 unnamed tributaries. The
project also restored, enhanced, and preserved a total of 36.03 acres (1,569,466.8 ft2) of riparian buffer
at the Site, which will provide Riparian Buffer Credits and Nutrient Offset Credits. The Site is located
approximately 4.5 miles northeast of Hillsborough, NC (Figure 1) in the Neuse River Basin 8-Digit
Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 03020201. The project is located within a DMS targeted watershed for the
Neuse River Basin Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 03020201030030 and NC Division of Water Resources
(DWR) Subbasin 03-04-01. The Site streams drain to the Eno River, which flows to Falls Lake, and are
classified as water supply waters (WS-IV) and nutrient sensitive waters (NSW).
Work at the Site was planned, designed, and constructed per Buckwater Mitigation Plan (2017) and the
Consolidated Buffer Mitigation Rule 15A NCAC 02B .0295 (effective November 1, 2015). The purpose of
the riparian buffer restoration is to provide riparian buffer credits to compensate for buffer impacts
within the Hydrologic Unit Code 03020201 and the Falls Lake Watershed. The service area for the
Riparian Buffer Credits is depicted in Figure 2. The mitigation credits generated from this site are listed
in Tables 1a and 1b and shown in Figure 3.
1.2 Project Goals and Objectives
Prior to construction activities, the primary causes of Site degradation were channel straightening and
livestock grazing/agriculture, both of which originated prior to 1938. Agricultural activity remained high
through the 1990s with several thousand beef cattle and three hog houses. Currently, approximately
130 cows graze on three properties and land that is not forested is used for cultivating hay. Several
ponds along Buckwater Creek, T3, and T5 were built between 1938 and 1955. According to 1955 aerial
photography, the top 1,000 feet of Buckwater Creek on the Site were straightened. Landowners tried to
maintain lower Buckwater Creek below Walnut Hill Drive as a straightened channel with little success
and gave up completely by the 1990s.

The major goals of the buffer restoration project are to provide ecological and water quality
enhancements to the Neuse River Basin within the Falls Lake Water Supply Watershed by creating a
functional riparian corridor and restoring the riparian buffer. This project supports specific
goals identified in the 2010 Neuse River Basin Restoration Priorities Plan (RBRP) for the Neuse River
Targeted Local Watershed (TLW). This document highlights the importance of riparian buffers for stream
restoration projects. Riparian buffers immobilize and retain nutrients and suspended sediment. The
RBRP also supports the Falls Lake watershed plan. Specific enhancements to water quality and ecological
processes are outlined below:
• Decrease nutrient levels - nutrient inputs will be decreased by filtering runoff from the
agricultural fields through restored, native buffer zones. Nutrient inputs will also be absorbed on-
site by native vegetation, further reducing nutrient inputs to waters of the Neuse River Basin.
• Decrease sediment input - sediment loading will be deposited on restored floodplain areas,
thereby reducing sediment inputs to Falls Lake.
• Create higher quality terrestrial habitat - buffer areas will be restored by removing invasive
vegetation and planting native vegetation. A variety of native vegetation will improve wildlife
habitat.

Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 1 Annual Report - FINAL 3
• Permanently protect the Site from harmful uses - establish a conservation easement on the Site,
which will protect aquatic habitat and reduce pollutant loading to a water supply.
The 51.84-acre Site is protected with a permanent conservation easement. Of the 51.84 acres, Neuse
riparian buffer credits were generated by restoring 21.8 acres; preserving 8.66 acres; and enhancing
5.57 acres. 15.81 acres will not generate buffer mitigation credit. In general, riparian buffer restoration
area widths on streams extend out to 200 feet from top of bank for Neuse River buffer credits. Figure 3
details the buffer credit generation.
1.3 Monitoring Year 1 Data Assessment
The final mitigation plan was submitted and accepted by DMS in December 2017. Construction activities
by Ecotone, Inc. finished in April 2019. The planting was completed by Bruton Natural Systems, Inc. in
April 2019. The baseline as-built survey was completed by Turner Land Surveying in July 2019. Refer to
Appendix 1 for detailed project activity, history, contact information, and watershed/site background
information.
Vegetative performance for buffer restoration areas will be in accordance with 15A NCAC
02B .0295(n)(2)(B), and (n)(4) (effective November 1, 2015). To meet success criteria, areas generating
buffer mitigation credits shall include a minimum of four native hardwood tree species, where no one
species is greater than 50 percent of stems, and shall have a survival of at least 260 planted stems per
acre at the end of the required five-year monitoring period . For the monitoring to be finished and
buffer credit to be awarded, DWR must provide written approval of successful revegetation of buffer
restoration areas. MY1 monitoring was conducted to assess the condition of the vegetation in October
2019.
1.3.1 Vegetative Assessment
The quantity of monitoring vegetation plots was determined in accordance with the Carolina Vegetative
Sampling Protocol (CVS Levels I & II) such that at least 2 percent of the Site is encompassed in
monitoring plots. A total of 19 vegetation plots (10 meters by 10 meters) were established within the
conservation easement boundaries and within five feet from the top of stream banks. The plot corners
have been marked and are recoverable either through field identification or with the use of a GPS unit.
Reference photographs are taken at the origin looking diagonally across the plot to the opposite corner
on an annual basis. Trees will be annually marked with flagging tape. Species composition, vigor, height,
density, and survival rates will be evaluated by plot on an annual basis. The extent of invasive species
coverage will also be monitored and controlled as necessary.
The 2019 annual vegetation monitoring resulted in an average survivability of 547 planted stems per
acre, which is greater than the final requirement of 260 stems per acre, but approximately 9% less than
the baseline density recorded (601 planted stems per acre) in January 2019. The average number of
stems per plot remained the same from MY0 to MY1 at 14 stems per plot. The site is on track to meet its
final success criteria. Refer to Appendix 3 for vegetation plot criteria attainment data, CVS vegetation
plot metadata, and vegetation summary tables and Appendix 2 for vegetation plot photographs,
vegetation condition assessment table, and monitoring plan view.
1.3.2 Vegetation Areas of Concern
Before construction, the Site had several areas with abundant Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense). A
significant amount of Chinese privet was removed during construction but in areas where mechanical
removal by the construction crew was not possible, hand treatment was necessary. Extensive invasive
vegetation treatment took place in October 2019. Though the invasive vegetation has been treated,
Wildlands recognizes re-sprouting is common and will monitor closely for reappearance.

Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 1 Annual Report - FINAL 4
During MY1 along T5 and T6, Wildlands observed poor herbaceous vegetation growth. Biochar, humic
acid, rye grain, and native riparian seed have been applied and herbaceous growth will be monitored
closely during MY2.
1.4 Monitoring Year 1 Summary
Overall, the Site has met the required vegetation success criteria for MY1, and no remedial actions are
proposed. Summary information/data related to the performance of various project and monitoring
elements can be found in the tables and figures in the report appendices. Narrative background and
supporting information, formerly found in these reports, can be found in the Mitigation Plan (Wildlands,
2017) available on DMS’s website. All raw data supporting the tables and figures in the appendices are
available from DMS upon request.

Section 2: METHODOLOGY
Planted woody vegetation was monitored in accordance with the guidelines and procedures developed
by the Carolina Vegetation Survey-EEP Level 2 Protocol (Lee et al., 2006). A total of 19 standard 10-
meter by 10-meter vegetation plots were established within the Site conservation easement area.

Section 3: REFERENCES
Breeding, R. 2010. Neuse River Basin Restoration Priorities. North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program.
Lee, Michael T. Peet, Robert K., Steven D. Wentworth, Thomas R. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording
Vegetation Version 4.2. http://cvs.bio.unc.edu/protocol/cvs-eep-protocol-v4.2-lev1-2.pdf
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Web Soil Survey of Orange County.
http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm
http://portal.ncdenr.org/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=864e82e8-725c-415e-8ed9-
c72dfcb55012&groupId=60329
North Carolina Division of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Resources (NCDWR) 2011. Surface
Water Classifications. http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/planning/classification-
standards/classifications
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Mitigation Services (NCDMS), 2017.
Riparian Buffer and Nutrient Offset Buffer Baseline and Annual Monitoring Report Template version
2.0
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. (2017). Buckwater Mitigation Project Mitigation Plan. DMS, Raleigh, NC.
APPENDIX 1. General Figures and Tables

Project Area
Hydrologic Unit Code (14)
DMS Targeted Local Watersheds
03020201020020
.001
r �..00J
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St
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z
={ t Iflub r
The subject project site is an environmental restoration site of the
NCDEQ Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) and is
encompassed by a recorded conservation easement, but is
bordered by land under private ownership. Accessing the site may
require traversing areas near or along the easement boundary and
therefore access by the general public is not permitted. Access by
authorized personnel of state and federal agencies or their
designees/contractors involved in the development, oversight,
and stewardship of the restoration site is permitted within the terms
and timeframes of their defined roles. Any intended site visitation or
activity by any person outside of these previously sanctioned roles
and activites requires prior coordination with DMS.
En�r i:r:?r
F49+rr PirI,
1
1020010
1
s
03020201020030
03020201030040
Run
Directions:
From Raleigh, NC, take 1-40 West towards Durham.
i Take exit 279E for NC-147 N towards Durham/Downtown.
w'
% Travel approximately 13 miles and merge onto 1-85 S. Travel
approximately 2 miles, take exit for W.
Stay on US-70 W for 3.7 miles and thenhen right
turn right onto
Lawrence Rd. in 1.4 miles turn right onto St Marys Road.
Travel 2.5 miles, then take a right onto Walnut Hill Drive.
WILDLANDS
ENGINEERING 1t 0 0.5 1 Miles
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Figure 1. Project Vicinity Map
Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 97084
Monitoring Year 1 - 2019
Orange County, NC

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Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 1- 2019
Neuse River Basin (03020201)
Orange County, NC

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Stream Approach
—Stream Restoration
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-- Utility Easement
tt = Fencing
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Figure 3. Project Component / Asset Map
Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
0 400 800 Feet Monitoring Year 1- 2019
I I I I I Neuse River Basin (03020201)
Orange County, NC

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Table S. Adjacent Forested Areas Existing Tree and Shrub Species
Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 97084
Monitoring Year 1 - 2019
Common Name
American Beech
Scientific Name
Fogus grandifolia
Wetland Indicator
Status
FACU
Black Walnut
Ijuglons nigra
FACU
Green Ash
I Fraxinus pennsylvanica
FACW
Mockernut Hickory
I Carya tomentoso
UPL
Red Maple
Acerrubrum
FAC
Red Cedar
Juniperus virginiono
FACU
Sweet Gum
Liquidambarstyrocifluo
FAC
Spice Bush
Lindera benzoin
FAC
Yellow Buckeye
Aesculus flava
FACU
Table 6. Planted Tree Species
Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 97084
Monitoring Year 1 - 2019
Common Name
Willow Oak
Scientific Name
Quercus phellos
Number Planted
1,842
% of To tal
10%
Sycamore
Plotonus occidentalis
3,686
20%
River Birch
Betula nigra
2,764
15%
Overcup Oak
Quercus lyroto
1,106
6%
Swamp Chestnut Oak
Quercus michauxii
738
4%
Tulip Poplar
Liriodendron tulipifera
2,764
15%
White Oak
Quercus albo
922
5%
Shumard Oak
Quercusshumardii
920
5%
Green Ash
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
3,132
17%
Possum haw Viburnum
Viburnum dentatum
184
1%
Allegheny Serviceberry
Amelonchierlaevis
184
1%
Red Buckeye
Aesculus pavia
184
1%

APPENDIX 2. Visual Assessment Data

Figure 4. Monitoring Plan View Key
W I L D L A N D S Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
ENGINEERING Monitoring Year I-2019
0 400 800 Feet l I
Neuse River Basin (03020201)
I I I
Orange County, NC

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L�lj Invasive Treatment - MY1
Mitigation Approach
Buffer Restoration (TOB-50')
M Buffer Restoration (TOB-100')
Buffer Restoration (101'-200')
Cattle Exclusion (TOB-100')
Buffer Preservation (TOB-100')
Stream Approach
-Stream Restoration
Stream Enhancement I
Stream Enhancement II
Non -Project Streams
--- Utility Easement
tt = Fencing
Figure 4a. Monitoring Plan View
Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 1- 2019
Neuse River Basin (03020201)
Orange County, NC

:Conservation Easement
Internal Crossing
0 Vernal Pool
Vegetation Plots
Invasive Treatment - MY1
Mitigation Approach
Buffer Restoration (TOB-50')
® Buffer Restoration (TOB-100')
Buffer Restoration (101'-200')
Cattle Exclusion (TOB-100')
Buffer Preservation (TOB-100')
Stream Approach
Stream Restoration
Stream Enhancement I
Stream Enhancement II
Non -Project Streams
-- Utility Easement
tt = Fencing
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*kWILDLANDS Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
ENGINEERING 0 250 500 Feet Monitoring Year 1-2019
I i I I I f ;z Neuse River Basin (03020201)
Orange County, NC

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VEGETATION PLOT PHOTOGRAPHS

VEG PLOT 1 (1010912019) I VEG PLOT 2 (1010912019) I
VEG PLOT 3 (1010912019)
VEG PLOT 4 (1010912019)
VEG PLOT 5 (1010912019) 1 VEG PLOT 6 (1010912019) 1
WBuckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data — Vegetation Photographs

VEG PLOT 13 (1010912019)
VEG PLOT 14 (1010912019)
VEG PLOT 15 (1010912019) I VEG PLOT 16 (1010912019) 1
I VEG PLOT 17 (1010912019) I VEG PLOT 18 (1010912019) I
WBuckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data —Vegetation Photographs

WBuckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data —Vegetation Photographs

APPENDIX 3. Vegetation Plot Data

Table 8. Vegetation Plot Criteria Attainment Table
Buckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
DMS Project No. 97084
Monitoring Year 1- 2019
Plot
1
Success Criteria Met (Y/N)
Yes
Tract Mean
100%
2
Yes
3
Yes
4
Yes
5
Yes
6
Yes
7
Yes
8
Yes
9
Yes
10
Yes
11
Yes
12
Yes
13
Yes
14
Yes
15
Yes
16
Yes
17
Yes
18
Yes
19
Yes

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APPENDIX 4. Overview Photos

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WBuckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Appendix 4: Overview Photographs

WBuckwater Buffer Mitigation Site
Appendix 4: Overview Photographs