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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20200225 Ver 1_AR18-03-0039NoSitesPresent_20200211Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 NO NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES oo ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITESc . q PRESENT FORM This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this project. It is not;`... valid for Historic Architecture and Landscapes. You must consult separately with the Historic Architecture and Landscapes Group. PROJECT INFORMATION Project No: U-4424 County: Edgecombe WBS No: 39062.1.2 Document: MCC F.A. No: na Funding: ® State ❑ Federal Federal Permit Required? ® Yes ❑ No Permit Type: USACE Project Description: The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Division 4 intends to widen NC 111, Wilson Street, from Western Boulevard, US 64 Alternate, to NC 122, McNair Road. This project will widen the existing facility to three lanes. A study corridor for the proposed project that stretches slightly over 2.28 miles (more than 3.67 kilometers) and extends 250 feet (slightly over 76.2 meters) to each side of the existing alignment of NC I I I was established. For the purposes of the archaeological review, this study area is considered to be the area of potential effects (APE) for the current undertaking. This area is estimated to include 138.4 acres (roughly 56 hectares). SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Archaeology Group reviewed the subject project and determined: ® There are no National Register listed or eligible ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES present within the project's area of potential effects. (Attach any notes or documents as needed) ❑ No subsurface archaeological investigations were required for this project. ❑ Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources. ® Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources considered eligible for the National Register. ® All identified archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and all compliance for archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project. SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION See attached: ® Map(s) ❑ Previous Survey Info ® Photos []Correspondence Signed: , L C. � e� June 6, 2019 NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST Date "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 1 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions: As part of the archaeological screening for the proposed project, an initial round of background research was conducted by NCDOT staff archaeologist, Shane Petersen, in April 2018. The initial review of the site maps and files archived at the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology (OSA) was conducted on April 6, 2018. No previously identified archaeological sites are recorded within the APE as currently defined. But, a handful of archaeological sites have been identified in the general vicinity (i.e. 31ED360-362). In 2006, NCDOT staff archaeologists and architectural historians conducted an archaeological survey for the proposed extension of McNair Road from US 258 to NC 111 (TIP No. R-4434; ER 06-2012). During the course of those investigations, three archaeological resources were identified: 31ED360**, 31ED361**, and 31ED362**. Of these resources, only site 31ED360** was evaluated for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP); this small scatter of historic ceramics was not considered to be NRHP-eligible. Sites 31ED361** and 31ED362** were located outside the APE for the R-4434 project. No report appears to have been produced for this project. In 1992, the at -grade intersections at SR 1225 and SR 1207 with the, then relatively new, US 64 were proposed for upgrade into interchanges. Archaeological investigations were conducted by NCDOT staff archaeologist, Tom Padgett, who identified no new archaeological resources, but revisited site 31ED307. This site produced a handful of prehistoric artifacts, including Mount Pleasant series ceramics, but was not considered to be NRHP-eligible. In 1988, consultants with Frank Coleman and Associates, Inc. conducted an archaeological survey of approximately 2,729 acres on behalf of NCDOT for the, then, proposed relocation of US 64 from Tarboro to Parmele (Lautzenheiser 1989). This survey identified 204 archaeological sites, largely through sample surface examinations and limited subsurface testing. Of these sites, 115 prehistoric assemblages were recorded and illustrated a presumed preference for water sources, such as streams, but also the ovoid -shaped wetlands known as Carolina Bays (Lautzenheiser 1989: 125-130). The author posited an unusual pattern of occupation succession with intensive use during the Early and Middle Archaic Periods, but a drop off in Late Archaic occupation, followed by a return to intensive use during the Middle Woodland period. One hundred and seventy-one archaeological sites were recorded with evidence of historic occupation, including five cemeteries (Lautzenheiser 1989: 130-133). In addition to a greater -than -expected number of sites exhibiting 18th-century Euro American occupation, Lautzenheiser also posits many later tenant farms houses that were relocated throughout the landscape as field layouts were altered over time. Additionally, Lautzenheiser posits a historic settlement pattern that includes intensive occupation (including structures) of many of the agricultural fields in eastern Edgecombe County until very late. The following summary of archaeological investigations is excerpted and adapted from the archaeological survey report drafted by the cultural resources staff with Johnson, Mirmiran, and Thompson QMT; Souther et al. 2019). As a part of the archaeological background work cultural resources staff with JMT conducted research at OSA that included a review of site files, GIS Data, and the report library with a focus on a 1-mile radius surrounding the proposed APE. Basic site information was obtained for 16 previously identified archaeological sites that were recorded within this 1-mile buffer area, some of which were addressed in the NCDOT background. None of the sites recorded in the vicinity of the proposed project had been recommended as eligible or listed on the NRHP. On August 14-17, October 15-19, and November 5-6, 2018, archaeologists with JMT conducted field investigations. Shovel tests were excavated at systematic intervals throughout the entire APE as specified in the Scope of Work. Per OSA's Archaeological Investigation Standards and Guidelines, shovel tests were excavated at intervals of 30 meters. Areas that exhibited disturbance, inundation, or were marked during "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 2 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 wetland delineations were not shovel tested. Areas with surface visibility of 50 percent or higher were pedestrian surveyed along transects spaced no more than 10 meters apart. Sites identified by pedestrian survey were shovel tested at a density of no less than 4 per acre. Approximately 17 percent of the APE was pedestrian surveyed. Approximately 35 percent of the APE was shovel tested at 30-meter intervals. The remaining 48 percent was not excavated due to residential/commercial development, existing ROW disturbance, presence of cemeteries, inaccessibility due to fences, or wetland/standing water. However, all these areas were visually inspected and documented. A total of 123 shovel test locations were investigated within the central and southeastern project area (See Appendix A). Of which, seven were positive. Five historic sites and three cemeteries (31ED444, 31ED445, 31ED446) were identified (Table 7). SITES IDENTIFIED DURING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY RHP EL MIRMW ITE O. STTV MPoRAL RANG . REC 31ED440 HISTORIC ARTIFACT SCATTER 9TH-20TH CENTURY r NOT ELIGIBLE 31ED441 HISTORIC ARTIFACT TEENTH CENTURY NOT ELIGIBLE 31ED442 HISTORIC ARTIFACT SCATTER 9TH-20TH CENTURY NOT ELIGIBLE 31ED443 HISTORIC ARTIFACT MID-I9TH-20TH CENTURY NOT ELIGIBLE ST. LUKE'S EPISCOPAL CEMETERY LATE 19TH — MID-20TH 31ED444 (WILSON STREET EPISCOPAL NOT ELIGIBLE CENTURY CEMETERY LATE 19TH — MID-20TH 31ED445 WILSON STREET CEMETERY NOT ELIGIBLE CENTURY LATE 19TH — MID-20TH 31ED446 JERICHO LD CEMETERY NOT ELIGIBLE CENTURY HISTORIC ARTIFACT SCATTER AND MID-19TH — 20TH 31ED447 NOT ELIGIBLE HOUSE REMAINS CENTURY Portions of the APE were not shovel tested due to modern development (residential, commercial), obvious disturbance (grading, fill), or wet. Areas in the southern portion of the APE were not shovel tested due to either low-lying wet areas or areas of modern development or fill. North of Highway 64, portions of the APE were largely not shovel tested due to residential development. Other areas throughout the APE were also not shovel tested for reasons mentioned above. Photographs 1-5 provide examples of areas that were visually inspected, but not shovel tested. Stratigraphy within the project area was consistent throughout the APE and consistent with those found in the NRCS soil surveys (see Chapter 2; Table 3) with one soil profile dominating. The typical soil profile is comprised of two major strata: Stratum I, a grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand from 0 — 30 cm below ground surface (cmbgs); and a Stratum II, a brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam from 30 — 40 cmbgs. 31ED440 Field Site Number: FS-2 UTM East 809752 UTM North 3976484 Elevation: 20 feet AMSL USGS Quadrangle (7.5'): Tarboro Component: Historic Site Type: Mid -Nineteenth to Twentieth Century Artifact Scatter Soil(s): Autryville loamy sand, 2-6 percent slopes Site Size: 13 meters E/W by 38 meters N/S "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 3 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 NRHP Recommendation: I Not eligible Site 31ED440 was identified as a mid -nineteenth to twentieth century artifact scatter, with a boundary that was defined by shovel testing and surface conditions. The site can be characterized as a historic artifact scatter (composed of whiteware and green container glass fragments). Shovel testing was used to determine the site limits along the north, east, and south sides. Along the western side, shovel tests were not excavated due to road fill and grading. Two shovel tests to the south and southeast were not excavated due to a fence and the presence of Cemetery 31ED446. The scatter of historic materials measures approximately 13 meters E/W by 38 meters N/S in size and is located on a small ridge. Nine shovel tests were excavated in the site area, of which, two were positive. Four artifacts were collected within 31ED440: two pieces of whiteware and two pieces of light green machine -made container glass. The pieces of whiteware date the site to the mid - nineteenth to twentieth century (1830 — present; Miller 1991). The boundary for 31ED440 is complete on all sides except to the south-southeast and west due to road fill, fenced off area, and a cemetery. Subsurface testing indicates that this site contains disturbed sediments and artifacts in a secondary context. The site does not contain intact subsurface cultural features or any other primary cultural deposits. In general, site 31ED440 is considered to have poor integrity. This site has no potential to provide further important information beyond which has already been documented. Site 31ED440 is recommended as not eligible for listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended. 31ED441 Field Site Number: FS-3 UTM East 808536 UTM North 3975726 Elevation: 20 feet AMSL USGS Quadrangle (7.5'): Tarboro Component: Historic Site Type: Nineteenth Century Artifact Soil(s): Foreston loamy sand, 0-2 percent slopes Site Size: Less than 10 square meters NRHP Recommendation: Not eligible Site 31ED441 was identified as a nineteenth century isolated artifact. The site boundary was defined by shovel testing and surface conditions. The site assemblage was comprised of one historic artifact, a piece of olive glass, that was recovered from the surface. The site was bound by shovel testing to the east, south, and west. Shovel tests were not excavated to the north because the APE boundary was less than 8 meters away. It measures less than 10 square meters and is located on a small ridge. The site is located within a recently planted field with excellent surface visibility which allowed for pedestrian survey. Five shovel tests were excavated in the site area, all of which were negative. The boundary for 31ED441 is complete on all sides, except to the north due to the APE boundary. Subsurface testing indicates that this site contains disturbed sediments and artifacts in a secondary context. The site does not contain intact subsurface cultural features or any other primary cultural deposits. In general, site 31ED441 is considered to have poor integrity. This site has no potential to provide further important "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 4 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 information beyond which has already been documented. Site 31ED441 is recommended as not eligible for listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended. 31ED442 Field Site Number: FS-4 UTM East 809951 UTM North 3976646 Elevation: 20 feet AMSL USGS Quadrangle (7.5'): Tarboro Component: Historic Site Type: Mid Nineteenth to Twentieth Century Artifact Scatter Soil(s): Norfolk loamy sand, 0-2 percent slopes Site Size: Less than 10 square meters NRHP Recommendation: Not eligible Site 31ED442 was identified as a mid -nineteenth to twentieth century artifact scatter. The site boundary was defined by shovel testing and surface conditions. The site is characterized as a historic artifact scatter (composed of an assemblage of whiteware and clear container glass). The site boundary was defined by shovel testing to the north, east, and south. Shovel tests were not excavated to the west due to their placement within a yard. It measures less than 10 square meters and is located on a small ridge. Seven shovel tests were excavated, of which, one was positive. Two artifacts were collected within 31 ED442, one piece of whiteware and one piece of clear container glass. The piece of whiteware dates the site to the mid -nineteenth to twentieth century (1830 — present; Miller 1991). The boundary for 31ED442 is complete on all sides, except to the west due to the existing backyard and associated house. Subsurface testing indicates that this site contains disturbed sediments and artifacts in a secondary context. The site does not contain intact subsurface cultural features or any other primary cultural deposits. In general, site 31ED442 is considered to have poor integrity. This site has no potential to provide further important information beyond which has already been documented. Site 31ED442 is recommended as not eligible for listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended. 31ED443 Field Site Number: FS-5 UTM East 808801 UTM North 3975834 Elevation: 20 feet AMSL USGS Quadrangle (7.5'): Tarboro Component: Historic Site Type: Mid -Nineteenth to Twentieth Century Artifact Soil(s): Norfolk loamy sand, 0-2 percent slopes Site Size: Less than 10 square meters NRHP Recommendation: Not eligible "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 5 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Site 31ED443 is identified as a mid -nineteenth to twentieth century isolated artifact. Its site boundary was defined by shovel testing and surface conditions. The site assemblage is composed of one historic artifact, a piece of whiteware, that was recovered from the surface. The site boundary was established by shovel testing to the north, east, and west. Shovel tests were not excavated to the south because it fell within an existing ROW. It measures less than 10 square meters and is located on a small ridge. The site is located within a recently planted field with excellent surface visibility which allowed for pedestrian survey. Seven shovel tests were excavated, all of which were negative. One artifact was collected within 31 ED443, a single piece of whiteware, which dates the site to the mid - nineteenth to twentieth century (1830 — present; Miller 1991). The boundary for 31ED443 is complete on all sides, except to the south due to the existing ROW. Subsurface testing indicates that this site contains disturbed sediments and artifacts in a secondary context. The site does not contain intact subsurface cultural features or any other primary cultural deposits. In general, site 31ED443 is considered to have poor integrity. This site has no potential to provide further important information beyond which has already been documented. Site 31ED443 is recommended as not eligible for listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended. 31ED444 Field Site Number: FS-1 UTM East 811189 UTM North 3977463 Elevation: 20 feet AMSL USGS Quadrangle (7.5'): Tarboro Component: Historic Site Type: Late Nineteenth to Mid Twentieth Century Cemetery Soil(s): Wagram loamy sand, 0-6 percent slopes Site Size: 87 meters E/W by 56 meters N/S NRHP Recommendation: Unassessed Site 31ED444 is the archaeological site designation for a historic cemetery known as the St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery, which dates from the late nineteenth to mid -twentieth century period based on information gathered from extant headstones and historical documentation. The cemetery is located along the south side of W Wilson Street (US 111) and extends south towards Holly Creek into a grouping of trees. Portions of the cemetery are well -maintained, while the areas to the south are more overgrown. A 20-foot buffer was delineated on all sides excepting the north side, which is located directly along the roadway and project area. The goal was to make a general assessment of the cemetery and complete cemetery site forms. Based on the initial fieldwork, the cemetery appears to contain approximately 40 gravesites. Most of the graves are marked by upright headstones or concrete ledgers. The exact number of graves was difficult to ascertain as the cemetery is located in a forested area with a great deal of undergrowth. Additionally, the cemetery is not organized in a strict grid pattern. There were twenty-four graves with legible engravings. Five featured only last names and likely mark family plots. This included the graves of David S. Hall (d.1956), Maggie Petaway (d.1948), Willie Jacob (d.1908), P.L. Baskerville (d. 1925), Fannie Gilliam, Floyd, Barnes, "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 6 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 McMillan, Matthews, and Darcy. Research showed that David Hall, Maggie Petaway, P.L. Baskerville, and Fannie Gilliam were all African American. Additionally, research indicated that St. Luke's Episcopal Church, located at the northeast corner of Panola and Pitt Streets "was built for a congregation established in 1872 for black members of the Calvary Episcopal Church" (Bishir and Southern 1996:314). Albert Pike's 1905 map of Edgecombe County shows that a number of African Americans lived in the vicinity of the cemetery, lending some support to the idea that the St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery was located within an African American community in Tarboro. After completing fieldwork and research, it can be presumed that those interred in the cemetery are mostly likely African American. The last known burial was in 1956. Investigations along the southeastern extent of the APE indicated that the landform slopes eastward into lower -lying ground, no graves were noticed in this area and presumably this break in the topography provides a natural boundary. Unmarked graves were noted in the central -southern portion of the cemetery but did not appear to continue downslope. Initially, a buffer around the cemetery was established past the last visible grave location on the northwest side of the APE and around the visible interments elsewhere in the cemetery. As the project design developed, concerns arose over potential encroachments into the cemetery by proposed `cut and fill' lines along the outside of a planned sidewalk on the southeast side of a propose realignment of NC 11 to the north. To alleviate these concerns and further investigate archaeological potential of the St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery, a meeting was scheduled on site with NCDOT Division 4 Project Engineer Russell Broadwell, NCDOT Division 4 Environmental Officer, Chad Coggins, OSA Edgecombe County reviewer, Mary Beth Fitts, and NCDOT staff archaeologists, Shane Petersen and Paul Mohler, on May 17, 2019. During this inspection it was observed that the cemetery is in varying states of maintenance. As noted in the JMT survey, the cemetery is not organized along a strict grid pattern, but rather clusters of family graves appear to be scattered throughout the cemetery. Some clusters appear to be very well maintained with ornamental plantings and evidence of relatively recent visitation. Other portions of the cemetery are less well maintained; while ornamental plantings were observed, lawn surfaces were overgrown, and some headstones appeared to be suffering from damage or neglect. Large portions of the cemetery appear to have been abandoned, with trees and secondary growth overtaking markers and plot boundaries. A popular theme in gravestone art was observed during the May 2019 inspection: an anchor centered over a stand of ivy within the shallow tympanum of concrete headstones dating to the 1920's. Ruth Little illustrates this same pattern in her book, Sticks and Stones; Three Centuries of North Carolina Graventarkers (1998: 243-245) and suggests that these headstones may have been mass produced to local taste from a single source. Some of the stones appeared to exhibit slight variations on the patter that may have been the result of a different concrete mold, if not a different manufacturer. The combination of these symbols likely were meant to evoke hope (anchor) in the eternal life of the soul (ivy) with the Trinity (Keister 2004: 57, 111). While nothing in the historical record appears to link the cemetery to significant persons or events thus far. A far more detailed survey would be required by OSA before a complete assessment of the cemetery would be considered to be complete (per communication with Mary Beth Fitts). Based on observations made in the field, the cemetery boundary along the northwestern side (parallel to NC 111) was adjusted to the outside edge of the existing ditch -lines. Proposed improvements along this edge involve the addition of sidewalk where the existing ditch -line occurs, and backside fill along the outside slope of the existing ditch. This "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 7 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 means that the proposed project will not encroach upon the cemetery boundary as agreed upon by the participants in the May 17, 2019 meeting. Thus, site 31ED444 will remain unassessed for NRHP eligibility. 31ED445 Field Site Number: FS-6 UTM East 810914 UTM North 3977336 Elevation: 20 feet AMSL USGS Quadrangle (7.5'): Tarboro Component: Historic Site Type: Late Nineteenth to Mid Twentieth Century Cemetery Soil(s): Wagram loamy sand, 0-6 percent slopes Site Size: 46 meters E/W by 62 meters N/S NRHP Recommendation: Unassessed Site 31ED445 is the archaeological site designation for a historic cemetery noted in current property records as the Wilson Street Cemetery, and dates from the late nineteenth to mid -twentieth century period based on information collected during the archaeological investigations. The cemetery is located along the south side of W Wilson Street (US 111) and extends south towards Holly Creek into a grouping of trees. The cemetery is poorly maintained and is located near and in a wetland. Some of the burials are very likely to have sustained water damage. A 20-foot buffer was delineated on all sides excepting the north side, which is located directly along the roadway and project area. The goal was to make a general assessment of the cemetery and complete cemetery site forms. Based on the initial fieldwork by JMT, the cemetery appears to contain roughly 40 gravesites. Some of the graves are marked with formal headstones or ledgers, while others are marked by header and footer stones or are completely unmarked. During the May 17, 2019 cemetery visit (as outlined above), at least one above ground burial vault was observed. Researchers with JMT reported the possibility of wooden markers in the cemetery, but this could not be verified by at the May 17 visit. Interments that did not have markers, were identified by the rectangular depressions left in the ground, presumably by decomposition of the casket. Some graves featured what are believed to be grave offerings including a ca. 1920-1930 Ball jar and a ceramic pot. Somewhat similar gravestone iconography was observed at some of the Wilson Street Cemetery headstones to those observed at 31ES444; floral designs including ivy, or a rose, were occasionally observed in the concrete tympanum. The exact number of graves was difficult to ascertain as the cemetery is located in a forested area with a great deal of undergrowth. Additionally, the cemetery is not organized in a strict grid pattern. Instead, graves are organized into groups or clumps. One possible interpretation for this is that graves were located according to family, with family units having certain areas of the cemetery. However, because there are very few engraved headstones, it is impossible to determine this with absolute certainty. Only twenty headstones with legible engraving were observed by JMT. Three featured only last names and are likely marking family plots. This included the graves of Ceasar Boyd (d. 1920), Nelson Parker (d. 1967), Mildred Parker (d.1972), Kittie Ballock (d.1970), Priscilla & Richard Barlow (d. 1947/1939), Nathan Dillard (d. 1915), Louise S. Cheatham (d. 1899), Mary Ann Cherry (d. 1917), Mary Eliza Harrison (d. 1929), Julius C. Barlow (d. 192X), Emily (d. 1912), Lena Kelly (d. 1953), Katy Boomer (d. 1882), Mary Garden (d. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 8 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 1893), Susan Dancy (d. 1892), Bernice Estella (d. 1914), Julia Eatoil (d. 1885), Cherry, Chatham, Hammond. Research showed that Ceasar Boyd, Nelson and Mildred Parker, Priscilla, Richard and Julius Barlow, Mary Ann Cherry, and Susan Dancy were African American. After completing fieldwork and research, the researchers with JMT hypothesized that those interred in the cemetery are almost certainly African American. The last known burial was in 1972. The landform slopes to the southeast down to a low-lying area with standing water. The boundary of the cemetery on this side of the APE is presumed to be this low-lying area. Observations made during the May 17 site visit seemed to suggest that few graves appear to have extended into the wetland areas bordering Holly Creek. The water table however is relatively high compared to the adjacent cemetery. One breached burial vault observed at the surface was filled with water supporting the idea that burials along the edges of the wetland have undoubtedly been impacted by water. Much as was the case with 31ED444, nothing in the historical record appears to link the cemetery at 31ED445 to significant persons or events thus far. A far more detailed survey would be required by OSA before a complete assessment of the cemetery would be considered to be complete (per communication with Mary Beth Fitts). Based on observations made in the field, the cemetery boundary along the northwestern side (parallel to NC 111) was adjusted based on observation of extant grave markers and plot boundaries. Proposed improvements along this edge involve the addition of sidewalk where the existing ditch -line occurs, and backside fill along the outside slope of the existing ditch. This means that the proposed project will not encroach upon the cemetery boundary as agreed upon by the participants in the May 17, 2019 meeting. Thus, site 31ED445 will remain unassessed for NRHP eligibility. 31ED446 Field Site Number: FS-7 UTM East 811189 UTM North 3977463 Elevation: 20 feet AMSL USGS Quadrangle (7.5'): Tarboro Component: Historic Site Type: Late Nineteenth to Mid Twentieth Century Cemetery Soil(s): Wagram loamy sand, 0-6 percent slopes Site Size: 87 meters E/W by 56 meters N/S NRHP Recommendation: Not Eligible Site 31ED446 is the archaeological site designation for a historic cemetery noted in current property records as the Jericho Ld Cemetery, and dates from the late nineteenth to mid -twentieth century period based on information collected during the archaeological investigations. The cemetery is located at the northeast corner of W Wilson Street (US 111) and Old Highway 64. The cemetery is marginally maintained, and is located in a forested area, although most brush has been cleared from the area around the graves. A 20-foot buffer was delineated on all sides. The goal was to make a general assessment of the cemetery and complete cemetery site forms. After completing fieldwork, the cemetery appears to contain one individual grave and one family plot. Both are marked with formal headstones. This included the grave of Ida King (d. 1925) and the plot for the "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 9 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Wimberley family. Census research showed that Ida King was either "Black" or "Mulatto". Ida and her husband, Howell King, owned and worked on a farm located on Wilson Road. An 1890 map of the Edgecombe County shows that a number of African Americans lived in the vicinity of the family plot (see Figure 11). Both the map and the census research about Ida King suggest the Wimberley plot is likely that of the African American family who lived in the area during the late nineteenth to mid -twentieth century period. However, research did not uncover the first names of those buried in the family plot, nor did it definitively prove that the individuals were African American. Based on the information collected during the archaeological investigations, this cemetery does not represent the last vestiges of any historically significant persons, events, or trends. Any significant demographic data that is contained in this site appears to be available in other sources or should not be compromised by the relocation of interments. The Jericho Ld Cemetery is not considered to be eligible for the NRHP. However, North Carolina state regulations concerning human interments apply. Avoidance of the cemetery is recommended; if the cemetery cannot be avoided as the project progresses, compliance with North Carolina General Statutes 65 and 70 will be required. It should be noted that according to preliminary designs at this time, the cemetery falls outside the current project footprint. 31ED447 Field Site Number: FS-8 UTM East 810117 UTM North 3976849 Elevation: 25 feet AMSL USGS Quadrangle (7.5'): Tarboro Component: Historic Site Type: Historic artifact scatter with house remains Soil(s): Autryville loamy sand, 2-6 percent slopes Site Size: 28 meters E/W by 35 meters N/S NRHP Recommendation: Not eligible Site 31ED447 is a mid -nineteenth to twentieth century historic artifact scatter with an associated house foundation. Its boundary was defined by shovel testing and the presence of building/architectural remains on the surface. The site was bound by shovel testing on all sides. It measures approximately 980 square meters and is located on a level area between an existing agricultural field and another historic house lot. Nine shovel tests were excavated, of which seven were negative and two yielding cultural material. The two positive tests yielded ceramic, glass, and architectural materials typical of late nineteenth through mid -twentieth century house sites. Two whiteware sherds were collected from 31ED447, which dates the site to the mid -nineteenth to twentieth century (1830 — present; Miller 1991). Additionally, a strap handle fragment from an alkaline -glazed stoneware vessel was recovered, which would be contemporaneous with the whiteware sherds. Architectural materials recovered during subsurface testing include wire nails (n=12), which further refines the potential construction and occupation of the house site to post-1890 (Wells 1998). The scatter of artifacts in the southeast corner of the site (STPs FS8-5 and FS8-2) may indicate where material was pushed following the abandonment of the structure. Push piles were observed along the eastern edge (wood line) of the site, which may further support post -depositional shifting of materials. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 10 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 The boundary for 31ED447 is complete on all sides, and subsurface testing indicates that this site was likely occupied from the late nineteenth century through the twentieth century. The site does not contain intact subsurface cultural features or any other primary cultural deposits. Compared with other sites identified in the APE, 31ED447 retains moderate integrity; however, it is unlikely that further investigations would yield significant information. It is unlikely that this site has no potential to provide further important information beyond which has already been documented, nor provide information of a hitherto under -documented site type. Site 31ED447 is recommended as not eligible for listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS The initial archaeological survey of the U4224 (Tarboro) project area was undertaken by JMT and completed by means of visual inspection and shovel testing, where appropriate, per North Carolina Office of State Archaeology's Archaeological Investigation Standards and Guidelines. This project was conducted at the request of the NCDOT for the proposed widening of NC 111, Wilson Street, from Western Boulevard, US 64 Alternate, to NC 122, McNair Road in Edgecombe County, North Carolina Fieldwork was conducted from August 12-17, October 15-19, and November 5-6, 2018, which completed the survey of the proposed APE. The majority of the project area was comprised of agricultural fields, residential areas, some commercial development, some forested areas, and areas of wetland. Areas that exhibited disturbance, inundation, or were marked during wetland delineations were not shovel tested. Areas with surface visibility of 50 percent or higher were pedestrian surveyed along transects spaced no more than 10 meters apart. Sites identified by pedestrian survey were shovel tested at a density of no less than 4 per acre. A total of 123 shovel test locations were investigated within the central and southeastern project area. Five historic sites (31ED440, 31ED441, 31ED442, 31ED443, 31ED447) and three historic cemeteries (31ED444, 31ED445, 31ED446) were identified. Two of these cemeteries (31ED444 and 31ED445) were only documented and not assessed for eligibility for listing on the NRHP; however, avoidance was recommended. The remaining cemetery (31ED446) was determined not to be eligible for the NRHP. The five historic sites have no potential to provide further important information beyond which has already been documented. Sites 31ED440-31ED443, and 31ED447 are recommended as not eligible for listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended. Additional investigation and consultation at sites 31ED444 and 31ED445 was undertaken by staff representatives of NCDOT Division 4, NCDOT's Archaeology Group, and the North Carolina OSA on May 17, 2019. The purpose of these further investigations was to garner agreement on the NRHP-eligibility status of those cemetery sites (both remain unassessed per that agreement) and to examine on -site potential impacts based on preliminary design. Cemetery boundaries along the northeastern side (towards NC 111) were redrawn by collecting GPS points at the observed limits of these cemeteries. It was determined, as currently proposed that, while portions of the cemeteries remain within proposed rights -of -way, the footprint of the proposed project will not encroach within the revised cemetery boundaries. The project should be considered to be compliant with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and NCGS 121-12(a) within the current APE. No further archaeological investigations are required for the project as currently proposed. Should the project expand significantly outside the investigated APE, further consultation will be necessary. Additionally, if the project design shifts in the direction of the revised cemetery limits, further consultation will be required. In the very unlikely event that archaeological materials are encountered (other than the sites described above) as the project progresses, all activities should cease in the associated location and our office should be contacted immediately. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 11 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 References Cited: Bishir, C. L., and M. T. Southern 1996 Guide to the Historic Architecture of Eastern North Carolina. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. Keister, D. 2004 Stories in Stone; A Field Guide to Cemetery Symbolism and Iconography. Gibbs Smith Publisher, Salt Lake City. Lautzenheiser, L. 1989 Archaeological Survey of US 64 Relocation, Tarboro to Parmele, Edgecombe, Martin, and Pitt Counties, North Carolina, R-2111. Ms. on file Environmental Analysis Unit, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh. Little, M. R. 1998 Sticks and Stones; Three Centuries ofNortb Carolina Gravemarkers. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. Miller, G. L. 1991 A Revised Set of CC Index Values for Classification and Economic Scaling of English Ceramics from 1787 to 1880. HistoricalArchaeology 25(1): 1-23. Padgett, T. J. 1992 Archaeological Study of Two Proposed Interchanges, US 64 between Rocky Mount and Tarboro, Edgecombe County. Ms. on file Environmental Analysis Unit, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh. Souther, L., C. Hermstadt, and G. Silliman 2019 Phase I Archaeological Survey and Evaluation, Proposed Improvements to NC I I I (Vilron Stree)from US 64 Alternate (fYlestern Boulevard) to NC 122 (McNair Road, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Ms. On file, Environmental Analysis Unit, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh. Wells, T. 1998 Nail Chronology: The Use of Technologically Derived Features. HistoricalArchaeology 32(2): 78-99. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 12 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 d- „ IS' West 'VFrginia M ° Kin hu aky mrsin la +WT — r Tennessee .J J FJorttt Carolina f t a Souiharalirna i, 0- Georgia N. Pump Ile 20 y — f ' � : hn�l hatg rzii '��• r 1 i o r � y 0 - 05 1 _ KIometers'� -� Miles APE `�-.<_.� " -_ _ Z 1alGrS,�,C1 �sr Tarboro Project Location, Edgecombe County, North Carolina, USGS topographic map. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 13 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Tarboro Site Locations, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 14 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Figure 1. APE southwest of NC 111 and HWY 64, modern disturbance, looking northwest. Area northwest of transect S5, residential disturbance, looking southwest. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 15 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Southwestern area of APE exhibiting modern disturbance, looking northeast APE southwest of NC 111 and HWY 64, existing ROW disturbance, looking northeast "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 16 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Site 31ED440. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 17 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Photograph of Site 31ED440, looking southwest. Photograph of Site 31ED441, looking east. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 18 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Site 31ED441. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 19 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 SWN1470E ral asp 51GN5100E --1 - �-ryk' ♦G-C w Va 4*1 "J E Aft. r Legend !Sf��,,. � sue"' ! p +. s.�i• ` APE "�- - 0 3.6 12 18 24 30 36 Meters Result 0 Negative fi �a 28 50 100 Feet Not Excavated • Positive Site 31ED442. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 20 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Photograph of Site 31ED442, looking southwest, at edge of modern residential area. Photograph of Site 31ED443, looking west. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 21 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Cemetery Site 31ED444, St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery; note the limits of the proposed APE (orange lines), maximum estimated extent of the revised cemetery boundaries (green lines), ROW along SNC 111 (blue lines), and extent of `cut and fill' (red lines). "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 22 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 416 40 I " .� (Bur c►t'�c�/ I r y. ,�� .• � ; `y , , ��. e (ffAbl�,and C' a/iLins 04C-Naar lYl3 Cl4uf�li •L A4z '/�u�Yd . s.eY/st• . E/i /h llXi�id �n�ur�'� i j�C �ii%iPJ� .C..SE,S ei�{hf � � • ' / B owl Z- N. 4 La VW' NCO Q/CQ / I- Co6�ex�'�t. C (fy /�rcrJ �' r�`, •Chzs.,NRzr/r3 • � / /�� OnJe Detail of Albert Pike's 1905 Map of Edgecombe County, North Carolina (https://dc.hb.unc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/ncmal2s/id/271 /rec/13). "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 23 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Photograph of the northwestern edge of St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery looking east. Photograph of the western extent of St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery (31ED444) and ditch -line along NC 11 looking northeast. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 24 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Well -maintained cluster of interments at St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery (31ED444) facing east. Headstone of Rebby Whitaker (1880-1928) bearing an anchor and ivy motif within the tympanum. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 25 of 32 •} ,.� L`_..7�f 6t`ar S.r;..:r y ter: y. �L ,... �'1• .-.. �.. � Y' -; "'yam K r r. fy � P ➢. J,ffJ 1 , 1 S! �J� fIJL 1} !< =f J G'.J_'-- � I ,ff_fl, Jf11 � ,y S��t: `�;w�, � " �lrk�„��, �1 is 31 f 1 �f ,1 ] � � �.➢ r sr. ,�_ r,,- .-=r=3aI .r a , 4 '� - ��,. �( _ 06 fL- fJ, off, •fff_ .y f _f➢��,J,=, ��, hG �,1J=,SjfJ. Grp&yn ty� i! F75 4r Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Photograph of an overgrown concrete block plot boundary at the Wilson Street Cemetery. Photograph of breached burial vault filled with water at the Wilson Street Cemetery. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement: 28 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Aerial photograph and preliminary designs depicting the locational relationships between the project APE (orange lines) site 31ED440 (Blue lines) and the Jericho Ld Cemetery limits (pink lines). "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 29 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 Photograph of headstones at site 31ED446 facing west. Photograph of headstones and ledgers at site 31ED446 facing southwest. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 30 of 32 Project Tracking No.: 18-03-0039 h ..Y 7ALegenmd.P E 7. 31ED47,. �: Feature Result 0 Positive C.Negative Fr 0 ON FSf # f,sA M 0 2.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 I 0 12525 50 75 10 —: Esr i. ➢i; r=_I^I: s. v_ EreI't Aerial photograph depicting Site 31ED447 and shovel tests. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 31 of 32