HomeMy WebLinkAbout20200225 Ver 1_AR18-03-0039NoSitesPresent_20200211Project Tracking No.:
18-03-0039
NO NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
oo ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITESc .
q PRESENT FORM
This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this project. It is not;`...
valid for Historic Architecture and Landscapes. You must consult separately with the
Historic Architecture and Landscapes Group.
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project No: U-4424 County: Edgecombe
WBS No: 39062.1.2 Document: MCC
F.A. No: na Funding: ® State ❑ Federal
Federal Permit Required? ® Yes ❑ No Permit Type: USACE
Project Description:
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Division 4 intends to widen NC 111, Wilson
Street, from Western Boulevard, US 64 Alternate, to NC 122, McNair Road. This project will widen the
existing facility to three lanes. A study corridor for the proposed project that stretches slightly over 2.28
miles (more than 3.67 kilometers) and extends 250 feet (slightly over 76.2 meters) to each side of the
existing alignment of NC I I I was established. For the purposes of the archaeological review, this study
area is considered to be the area of potential effects (APE) for the current undertaking. This area is
estimated to include 138.4 acres (roughly 56 hectares).
SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Archaeology Group reviewed the subject
project and determined:
® There are no National Register listed or eligible ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
present within the project's area of potential effects. (Attach any notes or documents
as needed)
❑ No subsurface archaeological investigations were required for this project.
❑ Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources.
® Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological
resources considered eligible for the National Register.
® All identified archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and
all compliance for archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project.
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
See attached: ® Map(s) ❑ Previous Survey Info ® Photos []Correspondence
Signed:
, L C. � e� June 6, 2019
NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST Date
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Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions:
As part of the archaeological screening for the proposed project, an initial round of background research was
conducted by NCDOT staff archaeologist, Shane Petersen, in April 2018. The initial review of the site maps
and files archived at the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology (OSA) was conducted on April 6, 2018.
No previously identified archaeological sites are recorded within the APE as currently defined. But, a handful
of archaeological sites have been identified in the general vicinity (i.e. 31ED360-362).
In 2006, NCDOT staff archaeologists and architectural historians conducted an archaeological survey for the
proposed extension of McNair Road from US 258 to NC 111 (TIP No. R-4434; ER 06-2012). During the
course of those investigations, three archaeological resources were identified: 31ED360**, 31ED361**, and
31ED362**. Of these resources, only site 31ED360** was evaluated for the National Register of Historic
Places (NRHP); this small scatter of historic ceramics was not considered to be NRHP-eligible. Sites
31ED361** and 31ED362** were located outside the APE for the R-4434 project. No report appears to have
been produced for this project.
In 1992, the at -grade intersections at SR 1225 and SR 1207 with the, then relatively new, US 64 were proposed
for upgrade into interchanges. Archaeological investigations were conducted by NCDOT staff archaeologist,
Tom Padgett, who identified no new archaeological resources, but revisited site 31ED307. This site produced
a handful of prehistoric artifacts, including Mount Pleasant series ceramics, but was not considered to be
NRHP-eligible.
In 1988, consultants with Frank Coleman and Associates, Inc. conducted an archaeological survey of
approximately 2,729 acres on behalf of NCDOT for the, then, proposed relocation of US 64 from Tarboro
to Parmele (Lautzenheiser 1989). This survey identified 204 archaeological sites, largely through sample
surface examinations and limited subsurface testing. Of these sites, 115 prehistoric assemblages were
recorded and illustrated a presumed preference for water sources, such as streams, but also the ovoid -shaped
wetlands known as Carolina Bays (Lautzenheiser 1989: 125-130). The author posited an unusual pattern of
occupation succession with intensive use during the Early and Middle Archaic Periods, but a drop off in Late
Archaic occupation, followed by a return to intensive use during the Middle Woodland period. One hundred
and seventy-one archaeological sites were recorded with evidence of historic occupation, including five
cemeteries (Lautzenheiser 1989: 130-133). In addition to a greater -than -expected number of sites exhibiting
18th-century Euro American occupation, Lautzenheiser also posits many later tenant farms houses that were
relocated throughout the landscape as field layouts were altered over time. Additionally, Lautzenheiser posits
a historic settlement pattern that includes intensive occupation (including structures) of many of the
agricultural fields in eastern Edgecombe County until very late.
The following summary of archaeological investigations is excerpted and adapted from the archaeological
survey report drafted by the cultural resources staff with Johnson, Mirmiran, and Thompson QMT; Souther
et al. 2019).
As a part of the archaeological background work cultural resources staff with JMT conducted research at
OSA that included a review of site files, GIS Data, and the report library with a focus on a 1-mile radius
surrounding the proposed APE. Basic site information was obtained for 16 previously identified
archaeological sites that were recorded within this 1-mile buffer area, some of which were addressed in the
NCDOT background. None of the sites recorded in the vicinity of the proposed project had been
recommended as eligible or listed on the NRHP.
On August 14-17, October 15-19, and November 5-6, 2018, archaeologists with JMT conducted field
investigations. Shovel tests were excavated at systematic intervals throughout the entire APE as specified in
the Scope of Work. Per OSA's Archaeological Investigation Standards and Guidelines, shovel tests were
excavated at intervals of 30 meters. Areas that exhibited disturbance, inundation, or were marked during
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wetland delineations were not shovel tested. Areas with surface visibility of 50 percent or higher were
pedestrian surveyed along transects spaced no more than 10 meters apart. Sites identified by pedestrian survey
were shovel tested at a density of no less than 4 per acre. Approximately 17 percent of the APE was
pedestrian surveyed. Approximately 35 percent of the APE was shovel tested at 30-meter intervals. The
remaining 48 percent was not excavated due to residential/commercial development, existing ROW
disturbance, presence of cemeteries, inaccessibility due to fences, or wetland/standing water. However, all
these areas were visually inspected and documented. A total of 123 shovel test locations were investigated
within the central and southeastern project area (See Appendix A). Of which, seven were positive. Five
historic sites and three cemeteries (31ED444, 31ED445, 31ED446) were identified (Table 7).
SITES IDENTIFIED DURING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY
RHP EL MIRMW
ITE O.
STTV
MPoRAL RANG .
REC
31ED440
HISTORIC ARTIFACT SCATTER
9TH-20TH CENTURY
r
NOT ELIGIBLE
31ED441
HISTORIC ARTIFACT
TEENTH CENTURY
NOT ELIGIBLE
31ED442
HISTORIC ARTIFACT SCATTER
9TH-20TH CENTURY
NOT ELIGIBLE
31ED443
HISTORIC ARTIFACT
MID-I9TH-20TH CENTURY
NOT ELIGIBLE
ST. LUKE'S EPISCOPAL CEMETERY
LATE 19TH — MID-20TH
31ED444
(WILSON STREET EPISCOPAL
NOT ELIGIBLE
CENTURY
CEMETERY
LATE 19TH — MID-20TH
31ED445
WILSON STREET CEMETERY
NOT ELIGIBLE
CENTURY
LATE 19TH — MID-20TH
31ED446
JERICHO LD CEMETERY
NOT ELIGIBLE
CENTURY
HISTORIC ARTIFACT SCATTER AND
MID-19TH — 20TH
31ED447
NOT ELIGIBLE
HOUSE REMAINS
CENTURY
Portions of the APE were not shovel tested due to modern development (residential, commercial), obvious
disturbance (grading, fill), or wet. Areas in the southern portion of the APE were not shovel tested due to
either low-lying wet areas or areas of modern development or fill. North of Highway 64, portions of the APE
were largely not shovel tested due to residential development. Other areas throughout the APE were also not
shovel tested for reasons mentioned above. Photographs 1-5 provide examples of areas that were visually
inspected, but not shovel tested.
Stratigraphy within the project area was consistent throughout the APE and consistent with those found in
the NRCS soil surveys (see Chapter 2; Table 3) with one soil profile dominating. The typical soil profile is
comprised of two major strata: Stratum I, a grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand from 0 — 30 cm below
ground surface (cmbgs); and a Stratum II, a brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam from 30 — 40
cmbgs.
31ED440
Field Site Number:
FS-2
UTM East
809752
UTM North
3976484
Elevation:
20 feet AMSL
USGS Quadrangle (7.5'):
Tarboro
Component:
Historic
Site Type:
Mid -Nineteenth to Twentieth Century Artifact Scatter
Soil(s):
Autryville loamy sand, 2-6 percent slopes
Site Size:
13 meters E/W by 38 meters N/S
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NRHP Recommendation: I Not eligible
Site 31ED440 was identified as a mid -nineteenth to twentieth century artifact scatter, with a boundary that
was defined by shovel testing and surface conditions. The site can be characterized as a historic artifact scatter
(composed of whiteware and green container glass fragments). Shovel testing was used to determine the site
limits along the north, east, and south sides. Along the western side, shovel tests were not excavated due to
road fill and grading. Two shovel tests to the south and southeast were not excavated due to a fence and the
presence of Cemetery 31ED446. The scatter of historic materials measures approximately 13 meters E/W by
38 meters N/S in size and is located on a small ridge. Nine shovel tests were excavated in the site area, of
which, two were positive. Four artifacts were collected within 31ED440: two pieces of whiteware and two
pieces of light green machine -made container glass. The pieces of whiteware date the site to the mid -
nineteenth to twentieth century (1830 — present; Miller 1991).
The boundary for 31ED440 is complete on all sides except to the south-southeast and west due to road fill,
fenced off area, and a cemetery. Subsurface testing indicates that this site contains disturbed sediments and
artifacts in a secondary context. The site does not contain intact subsurface cultural features or any other
primary cultural deposits. In general, site 31ED440 is considered to have poor integrity. This site has no
potential to provide further important information beyond which has already been documented. Site
31ED440 is recommended as not eligible for listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further
work is recommended.
31ED441
Field Site Number:
FS-3
UTM East
808536
UTM North
3975726
Elevation:
20 feet AMSL
USGS Quadrangle (7.5'):
Tarboro
Component:
Historic
Site Type:
Nineteenth Century Artifact
Soil(s):
Foreston loamy sand, 0-2 percent slopes
Site Size:
Less than 10 square meters
NRHP Recommendation:
Not eligible
Site 31ED441 was identified as a nineteenth century isolated artifact. The site boundary was defined by
shovel testing and surface conditions. The site assemblage was comprised of one historic artifact, a piece of
olive glass, that was recovered from the surface. The site was bound by shovel testing to the east, south, and
west. Shovel tests were not excavated to the north because the APE boundary was less than 8 meters away. It
measures less than 10 square meters and is located on a small ridge. The site is located within a recently
planted field with excellent surface visibility which allowed for pedestrian survey. Five shovel tests were
excavated in the site area, all of which were negative.
The boundary for 31ED441 is complete on all sides, except to the north due to the APE boundary.
Subsurface testing indicates that this site contains disturbed sediments and artifacts in a secondary context.
The site does not contain intact subsurface cultural features or any other primary cultural deposits. In general,
site 31ED441 is considered to have poor integrity. This site has no potential to provide further important
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form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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information beyond which has already been documented. Site 31ED441 is recommended as not eligible for
listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended.
31ED442
Field Site Number:
FS-4
UTM East
809951
UTM North
3976646
Elevation:
20 feet AMSL
USGS Quadrangle (7.5'):
Tarboro
Component:
Historic
Site Type:
Mid Nineteenth to Twentieth Century Artifact Scatter
Soil(s):
Norfolk loamy sand, 0-2 percent slopes
Site Size:
Less than 10 square meters
NRHP Recommendation:
Not eligible
Site 31ED442 was identified as a mid -nineteenth to twentieth century artifact scatter. The site boundary was
defined by shovel testing and surface conditions. The site is characterized as a historic artifact scatter
(composed of an assemblage of whiteware and clear container glass). The site boundary was defined by
shovel testing to the north, east, and south. Shovel tests were not excavated to the west due to their
placement within a yard. It measures less than 10 square meters and is located on a small ridge. Seven shovel
tests were excavated, of which, one was positive.
Two artifacts were collected within 31 ED442, one piece of whiteware and one piece of clear container glass.
The piece of whiteware dates the site to the mid -nineteenth to twentieth century (1830 — present; Miller
1991).
The boundary for 31ED442 is complete on all sides, except to the west due to the existing backyard and
associated house. Subsurface testing indicates that this site contains disturbed sediments and artifacts in a
secondary context. The site does not contain intact subsurface cultural features or any other primary cultural
deposits. In general, site 31ED442 is considered to have poor integrity. This site has no potential to provide
further important information beyond which has already been documented. Site 31ED442 is recommended
as not eligible for listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended.
31ED443
Field Site Number:
FS-5
UTM East
808801
UTM North
3975834
Elevation:
20 feet AMSL
USGS Quadrangle (7.5'):
Tarboro
Component:
Historic
Site Type:
Mid -Nineteenth to Twentieth Century Artifact
Soil(s):
Norfolk loamy sand, 0-2 percent slopes
Site Size:
Less than 10 square meters
NRHP Recommendation:
Not eligible
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Site 31ED443 is identified as a mid -nineteenth to twentieth century isolated artifact. Its site boundary was
defined by shovel testing and surface conditions. The site assemblage is composed of one historic artifact, a
piece of whiteware, that was recovered from the surface. The site boundary was established by shovel testing
to the north, east, and west. Shovel tests were not excavated to the south because it fell within an existing
ROW. It measures less than 10 square meters and is located on a small ridge. The site is located within a
recently planted field with excellent surface visibility which allowed for pedestrian survey. Seven shovel tests
were excavated, all of which were negative.
One artifact was collected within 31 ED443, a single piece of whiteware, which dates the site to the mid -
nineteenth to twentieth century (1830 — present; Miller 1991).
The boundary for 31ED443 is complete on all sides, except to the south due to the existing ROW.
Subsurface testing indicates that this site contains disturbed sediments and artifacts in a secondary context.
The site does not contain intact subsurface cultural features or any other primary cultural deposits. In general,
site 31ED443 is considered to have poor integrity. This site has no potential to provide further important
information beyond which has already been documented. Site 31ED443 is recommended as not eligible for
listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended.
31ED444
Field Site Number:
FS-1
UTM East
811189
UTM North
3977463
Elevation:
20 feet AMSL
USGS Quadrangle (7.5'):
Tarboro
Component:
Historic
Site Type:
Late Nineteenth to Mid Twentieth Century Cemetery
Soil(s):
Wagram loamy sand, 0-6 percent slopes
Site Size:
87 meters E/W by 56 meters N/S
NRHP Recommendation:
Unassessed
Site 31ED444 is the archaeological site designation for a historic cemetery known as the St. Luke's Episcopal
Cemetery, which dates from the late nineteenth to mid -twentieth century period based on information
gathered from extant headstones and historical documentation. The cemetery is located along the south side
of W Wilson Street (US 111) and extends south towards Holly Creek into a grouping of trees. Portions of the
cemetery are well -maintained, while the areas to the south are more overgrown. A 20-foot buffer was
delineated on all sides excepting the north side, which is located directly along the roadway and project area.
The goal was to make a general assessment of the cemetery and complete cemetery site forms.
Based on the initial fieldwork, the cemetery appears to contain approximately 40 gravesites. Most of the
graves are marked by upright headstones or concrete ledgers. The exact number of graves was difficult to
ascertain as the cemetery is located in a forested area with a great deal of undergrowth. Additionally, the
cemetery is not organized in a strict grid pattern. There were twenty-four graves with legible engravings. Five
featured only last names and likely mark family plots. This included the graves of David S. Hall (d.1956),
Maggie Petaway (d.1948), Willie Jacob (d.1908), P.L. Baskerville (d. 1925), Fannie Gilliam, Floyd, Barnes,
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McMillan, Matthews, and Darcy. Research showed that David Hall, Maggie Petaway, P.L. Baskerville, and
Fannie Gilliam were all African American. Additionally, research indicated that St. Luke's Episcopal Church,
located at the northeast corner of Panola and Pitt Streets "was built for a congregation established in 1872 for
black members of the Calvary Episcopal Church" (Bishir and Southern 1996:314).
Albert Pike's 1905 map of Edgecombe County shows that a number of African Americans lived in the
vicinity of the cemetery, lending some support to the idea that the St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery was located
within an African American community in Tarboro. After completing fieldwork and research, it can be
presumed that those interred in the cemetery are mostly likely African American. The last known burial was
in 1956. Investigations along the southeastern extent of the APE indicated that the landform slopes eastward
into lower -lying ground, no graves were noticed in this area and presumably this break in the topography
provides a natural boundary. Unmarked graves were noted in the central -southern portion of the cemetery
but did not appear to continue downslope. Initially, a buffer around the cemetery was established past the last
visible grave location on the northwest side of the APE and around the visible interments elsewhere in the
cemetery.
As the project design developed, concerns arose over potential encroachments into the cemetery by proposed
`cut and fill' lines along the outside of a planned sidewalk on the southeast side of a propose realignment of
NC 11 to the north. To alleviate these concerns and further investigate archaeological potential of the St.
Luke's Episcopal Cemetery, a meeting was scheduled on site with NCDOT Division 4 Project Engineer
Russell Broadwell, NCDOT Division 4 Environmental Officer, Chad Coggins, OSA Edgecombe County
reviewer, Mary Beth Fitts, and NCDOT staff archaeologists, Shane Petersen and Paul Mohler, on May 17,
2019.
During this inspection it was observed that the cemetery is in varying states of maintenance. As noted in the
JMT survey, the cemetery is not organized along a strict grid pattern, but rather clusters of family graves
appear to be scattered throughout the cemetery. Some clusters appear to be very well maintained with
ornamental plantings and evidence of relatively recent visitation. Other portions of the cemetery are less well
maintained; while ornamental plantings were observed, lawn surfaces were overgrown, and some headstones
appeared to be suffering from damage or neglect. Large portions of the cemetery appear to have been
abandoned, with trees and secondary growth overtaking markers and plot boundaries.
A popular theme in gravestone art was observed during the May 2019 inspection: an anchor centered over a
stand of ivy within the shallow tympanum of concrete headstones dating to the 1920's. Ruth Little illustrates
this same pattern in her book, Sticks and Stones; Three Centuries of North Carolina Graventarkers (1998: 243-245)
and suggests that these headstones may have been mass produced to local taste from a single source. Some
of the stones appeared to exhibit slight variations on the patter that may have been the result of a different
concrete mold, if not a different manufacturer. The combination of these symbols likely were meant to evoke
hope (anchor) in the eternal life of the soul (ivy) with the Trinity (Keister 2004: 57, 111).
While nothing in the historical record appears to link the cemetery to significant persons or events thus far.
A far more detailed survey would be required by OSA before a complete assessment of the cemetery would
be considered to be complete (per communication with Mary Beth Fitts). Based on observations made in the
field, the cemetery boundary along the northwestern side (parallel to NC 111) was adjusted to the outside
edge of the existing ditch -lines. Proposed improvements along this edge involve the addition of sidewalk
where the existing ditch -line occurs, and backside fill along the outside slope of the existing ditch. This
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means that the proposed project will not encroach upon the cemetery boundary as agreed upon by the
participants in the May 17, 2019 meeting. Thus, site 31ED444 will remain unassessed for NRHP eligibility.
31ED445
Field Site Number:
FS-6
UTM East
810914
UTM North
3977336
Elevation:
20 feet AMSL
USGS Quadrangle (7.5'):
Tarboro
Component:
Historic
Site Type:
Late Nineteenth to Mid Twentieth Century Cemetery
Soil(s):
Wagram loamy sand, 0-6 percent slopes
Site Size:
46 meters E/W by 62 meters N/S
NRHP Recommendation:
Unassessed
Site 31ED445 is the archaeological site designation for a historic cemetery noted in current property records
as the Wilson Street Cemetery, and dates from the late nineteenth to mid -twentieth century period based on
information collected during the archaeological investigations. The cemetery is located along the south side of
W Wilson Street (US 111) and extends south towards Holly Creek into a grouping of trees. The cemetery is
poorly maintained and is located near and in a wetland. Some of the burials are very likely to have sustained
water damage. A 20-foot buffer was delineated on all sides excepting the north side, which is located directly
along the roadway and project area. The goal was to make a general assessment of the cemetery and complete
cemetery site forms.
Based on the initial fieldwork by JMT, the cemetery appears to contain roughly 40 gravesites. Some of the
graves are marked with formal headstones or ledgers, while others are marked by header and footer stones or
are completely unmarked. During the May 17, 2019 cemetery visit (as outlined above), at least one above
ground burial vault was observed. Researchers with JMT reported the possibility of wooden markers in the
cemetery, but this could not be verified by at the May 17 visit. Interments that did not have markers, were
identified by the rectangular depressions left in the ground, presumably by decomposition of the casket. Some
graves featured what are believed to be grave offerings including a ca. 1920-1930 Ball jar and a ceramic pot.
Somewhat similar gravestone iconography was observed at some of the Wilson Street Cemetery headstones
to those observed at 31ES444; floral designs including ivy, or a rose, were occasionally observed in the
concrete tympanum. The exact number of graves was difficult to ascertain as the cemetery is located in a
forested area with a great deal of undergrowth. Additionally, the cemetery is not organized in a strict grid
pattern. Instead, graves are organized into groups or clumps. One possible interpretation for this is that
graves were located according to family, with family units having certain areas of the cemetery.
However, because there are very few engraved headstones, it is impossible to determine this with absolute
certainty. Only twenty headstones with legible engraving were observed by JMT. Three featured only last
names and are likely marking family plots. This included the graves of Ceasar Boyd (d. 1920), Nelson Parker
(d. 1967), Mildred Parker (d.1972), Kittie Ballock (d.1970), Priscilla & Richard Barlow (d. 1947/1939), Nathan
Dillard (d. 1915), Louise S. Cheatham (d. 1899), Mary Ann Cherry (d. 1917), Mary Eliza Harrison (d. 1929),
Julius C. Barlow (d. 192X), Emily (d. 1912), Lena Kelly (d. 1953), Katy Boomer (d. 1882), Mary Garden (d.
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1893), Susan Dancy (d. 1892), Bernice Estella (d. 1914), Julia Eatoil (d. 1885), Cherry, Chatham, Hammond.
Research showed that Ceasar Boyd, Nelson and Mildred Parker, Priscilla, Richard and Julius Barlow, Mary
Ann Cherry, and Susan Dancy were African American. After completing fieldwork and research, the
researchers with JMT hypothesized that those interred in the cemetery are almost certainly African American.
The last known burial was in 1972.
The landform slopes to the southeast down to a low-lying area with standing water. The boundary of the
cemetery on this side of the APE is presumed to be this low-lying area. Observations made during the May
17 site visit seemed to suggest that few graves appear to have extended into the wetland areas bordering Holly
Creek. The water table however is relatively high compared to the adjacent cemetery. One breached burial
vault observed at the surface was filled with water supporting the idea that burials along the edges of the
wetland have undoubtedly been impacted by water.
Much as was the case with 31ED444, nothing in the historical record appears to link the cemetery at
31ED445 to significant persons or events thus far. A far more detailed survey would be required by OSA
before a complete assessment of the cemetery would be considered to be complete (per communication with
Mary Beth Fitts). Based on observations made in the field, the cemetery boundary along the northwestern
side (parallel to NC 111) was adjusted based on observation of extant grave markers and plot boundaries.
Proposed improvements along this edge involve the addition of sidewalk where the existing ditch -line occurs,
and backside fill along the outside slope of the existing ditch. This means that the proposed project will not
encroach upon the cemetery boundary as agreed upon by the participants in the May 17, 2019 meeting. Thus,
site 31ED445 will remain unassessed for NRHP eligibility.
31ED446
Field Site Number:
FS-7
UTM East
811189
UTM North
3977463
Elevation:
20 feet AMSL
USGS Quadrangle (7.5'):
Tarboro
Component:
Historic
Site Type:
Late Nineteenth to Mid Twentieth Century Cemetery
Soil(s):
Wagram loamy sand, 0-6 percent slopes
Site Size:
87 meters E/W by 56 meters N/S
NRHP Recommendation:
Not Eligible
Site 31ED446 is the archaeological site designation for a historic cemetery noted in current property records
as the Jericho Ld Cemetery, and dates from the late nineteenth to mid -twentieth century period based on
information collected during the archaeological investigations. The cemetery is located at the northeast corner
of W Wilson Street (US 111) and Old Highway 64. The cemetery is marginally maintained, and is located in a
forested area, although most brush has been cleared from the area around the graves. A 20-foot buffer was
delineated on all sides. The goal was to make a general assessment of the cemetery and complete cemetery
site forms.
After completing fieldwork, the cemetery appears to contain one individual grave and one family plot. Both
are marked with formal headstones. This included the grave of Ida King (d. 1925) and the plot for the
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
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Wimberley family. Census research showed that Ida King was either "Black" or "Mulatto". Ida and her
husband, Howell King, owned and worked on a farm located on Wilson Road. An 1890 map of the
Edgecombe County shows that a number of African Americans lived in the vicinity of the family plot (see
Figure 11). Both the map and the census research about Ida King suggest the Wimberley plot is likely that of
the African American family who lived in the area during the late nineteenth to mid -twentieth century period.
However, research did not uncover the first names of those buried in the family plot, nor did it definitively
prove that the individuals were African American.
Based on the information collected during the archaeological investigations, this cemetery does not represent
the last vestiges of any historically significant persons, events, or trends. Any significant demographic data
that is contained in this site appears to be available in other sources or should not be compromised by the
relocation of interments. The Jericho Ld Cemetery is not considered to be eligible for the NRHP. However,
North Carolina state regulations concerning human interments apply. Avoidance of the cemetery is
recommended; if the cemetery cannot be avoided as the project progresses, compliance with North Carolina
General Statutes 65 and 70 will be required. It should be noted that according to preliminary designs at this
time, the cemetery falls outside the current project footprint.
31ED447
Field Site Number:
FS-8
UTM East
810117
UTM North
3976849
Elevation:
25 feet AMSL
USGS Quadrangle (7.5'):
Tarboro
Component:
Historic
Site Type:
Historic artifact scatter with house remains
Soil(s):
Autryville loamy sand, 2-6 percent slopes
Site Size:
28 meters E/W by 35 meters N/S
NRHP Recommendation:
Not eligible
Site 31ED447 is a mid -nineteenth to twentieth century historic artifact scatter with an associated house
foundation. Its boundary was defined by shovel testing and the presence of building/architectural remains on
the surface. The site was bound by shovel testing on all sides. It measures approximately 980 square meters
and is located on a level area between an existing agricultural field and another historic house lot. Nine shovel
tests were excavated, of which seven were negative and two yielding cultural material. The two positive tests
yielded ceramic, glass, and architectural materials typical of late nineteenth through mid -twentieth century
house sites.
Two whiteware sherds were collected from 31ED447, which dates the site to the mid -nineteenth to twentieth
century (1830 — present; Miller 1991). Additionally, a strap handle fragment from an alkaline -glazed stoneware
vessel was recovered, which would be contemporaneous with the whiteware sherds. Architectural materials
recovered during subsurface testing include wire nails (n=12), which further refines the potential construction
and occupation of the house site to post-1890 (Wells 1998). The scatter of artifacts in the southeast corner of
the site (STPs FS8-5 and FS8-2) may indicate where material was pushed following the abandonment of the
structure. Push piles were observed along the eastern edge (wood line) of the site, which may further support
post -depositional shifting of materials.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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The boundary for 31ED447 is complete on all sides, and subsurface testing indicates that this site was likely
occupied from the late nineteenth century through the twentieth century. The site does not contain intact
subsurface cultural features or any other primary cultural deposits. Compared with other sites identified in the
APE, 31ED447 retains moderate integrity; however, it is unlikely that further investigations would yield
significant information. It is unlikely that this site has no potential to provide further important information
beyond which has already been documented, nor provide information of a hitherto under -documented site
type. Site 31ED447 is recommended as not eligible for listing on the NRHP under any of the four criteria.
No further work is recommended.
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The initial archaeological survey of the U4224 (Tarboro) project area was undertaken by JMT and completed
by means of visual inspection and shovel testing, where appropriate, per North Carolina Office of State
Archaeology's Archaeological Investigation Standards and Guidelines. This project was conducted at the
request of the NCDOT for the proposed widening of NC 111, Wilson Street, from Western Boulevard, US
64 Alternate, to NC 122, McNair Road in Edgecombe County, North Carolina Fieldwork was conducted
from August 12-17, October 15-19, and November 5-6, 2018, which completed the survey of the proposed
APE. The majority of the project area was comprised of agricultural fields, residential areas, some commercial
development, some forested areas, and areas of wetland.
Areas that exhibited disturbance, inundation, or were marked during wetland delineations were not shovel
tested. Areas with surface visibility of 50 percent or higher were pedestrian surveyed along transects spaced
no more than 10 meters apart. Sites identified by pedestrian survey were shovel tested at a density of no less
than 4 per acre. A total of 123 shovel test locations were investigated within the central and southeastern
project area.
Five historic sites (31ED440, 31ED441, 31ED442, 31ED443, 31ED447) and three historic cemeteries
(31ED444, 31ED445, 31ED446) were identified. Two of these cemeteries (31ED444 and 31ED445) were
only documented and not assessed for eligibility for listing on the NRHP; however, avoidance was
recommended. The remaining cemetery (31ED446) was determined not to be eligible for the NRHP. The
five historic sites have no potential to provide further important information beyond which has already been
documented. Sites 31ED440-31ED443, and 31ED447 are recommended as not eligible for listing on the
NRHP under any of the four criteria. No further work is recommended.
Additional investigation and consultation at sites 31ED444 and 31ED445 was undertaken by staff
representatives of NCDOT Division 4, NCDOT's Archaeology Group, and the North Carolina OSA on May
17, 2019. The purpose of these further investigations was to garner agreement on the NRHP-eligibility status
of those cemetery sites (both remain unassessed per that agreement) and to examine on -site potential impacts
based on preliminary design. Cemetery boundaries along the northeastern side (towards NC 111) were
redrawn by collecting GPS points at the observed limits of these cemeteries. It was determined, as currently
proposed that, while portions of the cemeteries remain within proposed rights -of -way, the footprint of the
proposed project will not encroach within the revised cemetery boundaries.
The project should be considered to be compliant with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
and NCGS 121-12(a) within the current APE. No further archaeological investigations are required for the
project as currently proposed. Should the project expand significantly outside the investigated APE, further
consultation will be necessary. Additionally, if the project design shifts in the direction of the revised
cemetery limits, further consultation will be required. In the very unlikely event that archaeological materials
are encountered (other than the sites described above) as the project progresses, all activities should cease in
the associated location and our office should be contacted immediately.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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References Cited:
Bishir, C. L., and M. T. Southern
1996 Guide to the Historic Architecture of Eastern North Carolina. The University of North Carolina Press,
Chapel Hill.
Keister, D.
2004 Stories in Stone; A Field Guide to Cemetery Symbolism and Iconography. Gibbs Smith Publisher, Salt
Lake City.
Lautzenheiser, L.
1989 Archaeological Survey of US 64 Relocation, Tarboro to Parmele, Edgecombe, Martin, and Pitt Counties, North
Carolina, R-2111. Ms. on file Environmental Analysis Unit, North Carolina Department of
Transportation, Raleigh.
Little, M. R.
1998 Sticks and Stones; Three Centuries ofNortb Carolina Gravemarkers. The University of North Carolina
Press, Chapel Hill.
Miller, G. L.
1991 A Revised Set of CC Index Values for Classification and Economic Scaling of English Ceramics
from 1787 to 1880. HistoricalArchaeology 25(1): 1-23.
Padgett, T. J.
1992 Archaeological Study of Two Proposed Interchanges, US 64 between Rocky Mount and Tarboro, Edgecombe
County. Ms. on file Environmental Analysis Unit, North Carolina Department of Transportation,
Raleigh.
Souther, L., C. Hermstadt, and G. Silliman
2019 Phase I Archaeological Survey and Evaluation, Proposed Improvements to NC I I I (Vilron Stree)from US 64
Alternate (fYlestern Boulevard) to NC 122 (McNair Road, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Ms. On file,
Environmental Analysis Unit, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh.
Wells, T.
1998 Nail Chronology: The Use of Technologically Derived Features. HistoricalArchaeology 32(2): 78-99.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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d-
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Tarboro Project Location, Edgecombe County, North Carolina, USGS topographic map.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Tarboro Site Locations, Edgecombe County, North Carolina.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Figure 1. APE southwest of NC 111 and HWY 64, modern disturbance, looking northwest.
Area northwest of transect S5, residential disturbance, looking southwest.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Southwestern area of APE exhibiting modern disturbance, looking northeast
APE southwest of NC 111 and HWY 64, existing ROW disturbance, looking northeast
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Site 31ED440.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Photograph of Site 31ED440, looking southwest.
Photograph of Site 31ED441, looking east.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
18 of 32
Project Tracking No.:
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Site 31ED441.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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SWN1470E
ral asp 51GN5100E
--1 - �-ryk' ♦G-C w
Va
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r
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APE "�- - 0 3.6 12 18 24 30 36
Meters
Result
0 Negative fi �a 28 50 100
Feet
Not Excavated
• Positive
Site 31ED442.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Photograph of Site 31ED442, looking southwest, at edge of modern residential area.
Photograph of Site 31ED443, looking west.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Cemetery Site 31ED444, St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery; note the limits of the proposed APE (orange lines),
maximum estimated extent of the revised cemetery boundaries (green lines), ROW along SNC 111 (blue
lines), and extent of `cut and fill' (red lines).
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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416
40
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Detail of Albert Pike's 1905 Map of Edgecombe County, North Carolina
(https://dc.hb.unc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/ncmal2s/id/271 /rec/13).
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Photograph of the northwestern edge of St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery looking east.
Photograph of the western extent of St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery (31ED444) and ditch -line along NC 11
looking northeast.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Well -maintained cluster of interments at St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery (31ED444) facing east.
Headstone of Rebby Whitaker (1880-1928) bearing an anchor and ivy motif within the tympanum.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
25 of 32
•} ,.� L`_..7�f 6t`ar S.r;..:r y ter:
y. �L
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� ,y S��t: `�;w�, � " �lrk�„��, �1 is 31 f 1 �f ,1 ] � � �.➢ r sr. ,�_ r,,- .-=r=3aI .r
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i! F75
4r
Project Tracking No.:
18-03-0039
Photograph of an overgrown concrete block plot boundary at the Wilson Street Cemetery.
Photograph of breached burial vault filled with water at the Wilson Street Cemetery.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement:
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Project Tracking No.:
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Aerial photograph and preliminary designs depicting the locational relationships between the project APE
(orange lines) site 31ED440 (Blue lines) and the Jericho Ld Cemetery limits (pink lines).
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Photograph of headstones at site 31ED446 facing west.
Photograph of headstones and ledgers at site 31ED446 facing southwest.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
30 of 32
Project Tracking No.:
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h
..Y
7ALegenmd.P E 7.
31ED47,. �:
Feature
Result
0 Positive
C.Negative
Fr
0
ON
FSf
# f,sA M
0 2.5 5 10 15 20 25 30
I
0 12525 50 75 10
—: Esr i. ➢i; r=_I^I: s. v_ EreI't
Aerial photograph depicting Site 31ED447 and shovel tests.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT"
form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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