01m_NCS000250_Research Program Overview_2019

NORTH CAROLINA
Department of Transportation
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Research Program Overview
Ryan M. Mullins, PE
September 23-25, 2019

Permit Requirements
Objectives:
• Conduct research with faculty and staff at state universities or other designated institutions
that result in independent quantitative assessment of stormwater from NCDOT permitted
activities and/or measure structural BMP effectiveness.
• Conduct research to enhance or improve existing practices or develop new methods or
processes to meet permit requirements.
Management Measures Measurable Goalsr— A
a. Research Plan Maintain a Research Plan. The Plan shall be in keeping with the
guidelines established by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
Evaluation and Management of Highway Runoff Water Quality Manual
(FHWA-PD-96-032) and FHWA's National Highway Runoff and Data
Methodology Synthesis (FHWA-EP-03-054, or any updates).
The Research Plan will include:
1. A description of the Research Program and process for requesting
funding.
2. A process that identifies research needs in order to improve
program areas.
b. Submit the Research Plan to DEMLR Modifications to the NCDOT Research Plan shall be submitted to DEMLR.
c. Implement the Research Plan NCDOT shall continue to perform and sponsor research to fulfill the
Research Plan.

Overview of NCDOT Research Program
• Originated as a requirement of NCDOT's Phase 1 NPDES permit
• Multiple types of funding:
— State Planning & Research Program (SP&R) research funds
— HSP Funds
— Other national sources
• Solicit ideas from internal staff and research community
• Periodic meetings and research round tables with researchers

ncdot.gov

Types of Research Projects
Post -Construction (permanent measures)
• Runoff characterization
• BMP performance characterization
• Manufactured device evaluation
• Vegetation management
Construction (temporary measures)
• Erosion and sediment control
• Vegetation management
Legislative Directives
• Bridge Stormwater Project

ncdot.gov

Just How Much Research?
An internal compilation for post -construction research alone
• 71 sites monitored across NC
• 2,751 storm events
• 33,579 event mean concentrations
• 162 different analytes
• Maintain a Research Plan
• Extensive list of NCDOT Funded projects
listed in Appendix A
HI,: S
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Highway Stormwater Program Research Plan
Term IV (2015-2020)
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NC De pe,[n.=e[ of E":I'on-sT ' dell:'>
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NC Depar[m of Transportation
Hydraulics Unit
1590 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 2]fi99-1590
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Prepared by:
AEC M Technical Services of North Carolina, Inc.
1500 Perimeter Park Dr
Marrirville, NC 27560, USA
Hnal
May 201]

How Has NCDOT Research Data Supported Others?
• NCDOT-funded research studies are a significant contributor to the state
of knowledge on stormwater management in NC
• Development of design tools
— DrainMod
— SwaleMod
— JFSLAT
— NC SELDM
— MPE
• Undersized BMPs
• Collaborated with other stakeholders
• Extensive NCSU training based on NCDOT data
— BMP maintenance recertification
— BMP Construction Inspection Training
— Other BMP training courses
— Erosion and sediment control courses

Design Tools
MultiSensor Precipitation Estimates Q1 „PnH�
(MPE)
(Jvc�)
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'coal
Highway
Looin or reguest an account
Forget Your Password?
The precipitation estimates provided herein are derived from the NWS WSR-891) Doppler Radar. Radar precipiiatien
estimates can be grossly inaccurate, se radar -based precipitation values are calibrated with the routinely available hourly
surface gages. The comhined product provides the spatial resolution of radar with the increased accuracy of surface gage
networks. These gage -calibrated radar estimates are known as Multi -sensor Precipitation Estimates, or MPE.
There are still errors in MPE_ A study by the State Climate Office of North Carolina suggests that MPE compares well with
an independent daily precipitation gage network over the Carolinas. Details of this study are available online.
The MPE grids used in this tool are routinely produced by the National Weather Service and National Centers for
Environmental Prediction.
MAP
This simple mapping application enables you to visually see
accumulated MPE estimates over time. When zoomed in,
roads, water features, and town names can be ovedayed for
reference. Additionally, your project sites can be noted on the
-- = map for additional reference. The past 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72
,y hours are available to view spatially. 1-week, 30- and 90-day
options are also available.
... MY PROJECTS
• ~ i This page shows a list of all projects that you are subscribed
to receive precipitation alerts from. Each project has a list of
associated sites. Accumulated MPE values are listed for all
sites in text format_ You can also view all projects_
s ° MYALERTS
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° — • This is the alert management system. This is where to go to
0
° • manage your e-mail alert subscriptions.
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&.Alhai El r��ruy
tlw„•,pwa l GET MORE MPE DATA
ielect Layers:
MPE
®Prxip Estimate
❑My Project sites
Geographic
®County Lines
❑C es
❑Rivers 8 54eams
❑Rt1� a
❑HULA
❑ Interstates
❑Primary Roads
❑secondary Roads
ake PDF
Multi -Sensor Precipitation Estimates
(MPE)
Daily Precipitation at coordinates 35,764534201794,-78.578879747521
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Stormwater Runoff from Bridges —Session Law 2008-107
• Statewide monitoring project to study the
effects of stormwater runoff from bridges
over waterways
• Team of over 150 experts, from NCDOT,
URS Corp., NCDENR DWQ, USGS,
NCSU, Withers & Ravenel, Kimely-Horn
& Associates, and others.
Stolmwater RLmofffrom Bndges
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Figure 3.1-1: BSP bridge monitoring program sites and studyareas.
CIT!MMU is
Stormwater Runoff from Bridges
Final Report to Joint Legislation Transportation Oversight
Committee
In Fulfi l I.. tof Session Law 2008-107
July 2010
IMa 2012i
• Characterize bridge deck runoff
pollutants
• Estimate the effect of bridge deck
runoff on surface water bodies
• Conduct a pilot study of at least 50
sites
• Determine the cost of implementing
effective treatments for existing and
new bridges over waterways in NC

FHWA Poole Fund Studies
• FHWA Pooled Fund Study 1399 titled Containment Release from Storm
Water Culvert Rehabilitation Technologies: Understanding Implications
to the Environment and Long -Term Material Integrity. This study with six
other states is studying how to reduce the impacts to water quality from
cured -in -place -pipe (CIPP) as well as evaluate structural integrity.
• FHWA Pooled Fund Study 1426 titled Structural Design Methodology for
Spray Applied Pipe Liners in Gravity Stormwater Conveyance Conduits.
This study with three other states is studying the proper installation
procedures and structural integrity of centrifugal cast concrete pipe
(CCCP).

Understanding Pollutant Removal Mechanisms
• Performance of vegetated BMPs
primarily by settling/trapping, which in
turn is a function of particle size
• Enhance performance of BMPs
• Aid in development of computer models
to predict BMP performance (SwaleMod)
Swale Optimization Study
Particle Size Distribution (PSD)
Study

Development of New BMP Types —Dune Infiltration
WARNING!
STORM WATER DISCHARGE AREA
WATERS MAY BE CONTAMINATED BY
DISCHARGE FROM PIPE -
SWIMMING IS NOT RECOMMENDED
WITHIN 200 FT OF THIS SIGN
DURING ACTIVE DISCHARGE,
FOR MORE INFORMATION C t
252-726-6021
OFFICE Of THE STATE
KAYS DIRECTOR

Development of New BMP Types — Pilot Bioswale
• Pursued at request of NCDEQ
• Lockwoods Folly Watershed
TMDL
9 loved existing concrete lined
arch showed promising
is for bacteria treatment
MTION TRENCH DETAILS
I---
WITHERS Si RAVEN EL

Development of New BMP Types —Soil Improvements
(Tillage)

Development of New BMP Types - BFC
• Biofiltration Conveyance - BFC
Vu I- 1 IVY}
Subsurface Flow
*Class B riprap "24 ASTM C-33 Sand
NTS
Cell 4
"Wetland Pools„
• BFC constructed with Armorflex
Concrete Mattress instead of rip -
rap

Current Research Projects

Bioswale & Swale Design/Optimization
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ncdot.gov

Dry Detention Basin Optimization
Field Site Locations
Raleigh — Overgrown Sites
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High Paint —Grassed Sites

Current Research Projects
• Protocol for Outlet Analysis at Highway Sites
• Engineered Media for Enhanced Pollutant Removal in Stormwater Control
Measures
• Optimizing Compost Application Rates for Vegetation Health, Maximal
Stormwater Infiltration, and Runoff Quality
• Reducing the Environmental Impact of Road Construction
• Improved Approaches to Environmental Compliance during Highway
Construction

Quality Assurance
NCDOT has developed a programmatic
Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)
Sets minimum standards for data quality
and reporting

STORMDATA
NCDOT has currently completed a
working draft research database
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Updates to BMP Toolbox
• NCDOT maintains its own BMP manual
based on appropriate practices in the
linear roadway and non -road
environments
0 Research used to guide chapter updates
Appe rid ix B
Appendix B — N C DOT -S po ns cred Research Projects Investigating Stormw ater
Best Management Practice Effectiveness
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NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT or TRANSPORTATION
STORMWATER BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TOOLBOX
North solim
NpKLMMLif TrarrWrutr-n
VErsion 2, ApFil 2014

Assessing the Impacts of Highway Runoff in North
Carolina with SELDM
• Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)
• Developed by USGS and FHWA
• NCDOT provided USGS data to enhance model with NC -specific data
• Incorporate SELDM into PCSP Process
In Short: Decision support tool for determining
what stormwater BMPs are needed to protect
water quality standards over full spectrum of
rainfall and streamflow concentrations.
aw.�ea ...rt..�.pa...�m.��a a..
us. o.p.....m.rr,.�.r.�,.�.�� u�enw.r aammin..ew�
Assessing Potential Effects of Highway Runoff on Receiving -
Water Quality at Selected Sites in Oregon with the Stochastic
Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)
Scientilic Investigations Report 2014-5099
ac e.wy�.i w..r

Additional Research Projects -Completed
Preventing Straw Mulch from Blowin' in the
Performance Standards for Wind: Alternatives to Asphalt
Straw Mulch Binding Agents —
RP 2015-17
6 Wind Tunnel Testing

Additional Research Projects -Completed
Evaluating of Flocculants:
Optimizing Characteristics and
Screening Methods — RP 2015-16
Temporary
Comparing Low -Cost Methods
for Stabilizing Diversions and
Ditches — RP 2014-21

ncdot.gov

Questions?
NCDOT
Highway
Stormwater