20070402 Ver 1_Application_20070308

t r
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Post Office Box 1000
Washington, NC 27889-1000
Attention: Mr. William Wescott
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
Subject: General Permit 31 Application and Neuse River Buffer Authorization for
the Replacement of Bridge No. 46 on SR 1091 over Wheat Swamp Creek in
Greene County. Federal Project No. BRZ- 1091 [ 1 ], State Project No.
8.2180301, TIP No. B-4125.
Please find enclosed the Pre-Construction Notification form (PCN), permit drawings,
Categorical Exclusion (CE), Natural Resource Technical Report (NRTR), and half-size plan
sheets for the above referenced project. The North Carolina Department of Transportation
(NCDOT) proposes to replace existing Bridge No. 46 on SR 1091 over the Wheat Swamp Creek
(DWQ Index # 27-86-24) in Greene County. The project involves replacement of the existing
structure with a 105-foot bridge at approximately the same location using top-down construction.
The approach roadway will consist of two 12-foot travel lanes with shoulder widths of 6 feet.
Permanent impacts will consist of 0.08 acre of to wetlands adjacent to Wheat Swamp Creek, and
2,275 ftz of riparian buffer. Traffic will be detoured off-site, along surrounding roads, during
construction. The project schedule calls for a May 15, 2007 Let date with a review date of March
27, 2007.
Impacts To Waters of the United States
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March 8, 2006
LYNDO TIPPETT
SECRETARY
070n02
General Description: The project is located in sub-basin 03-04-07 of the Neuse River Basin. A
best usage classification of "C Sw NSW' has been assigned to Wheat Swamp Creek. Neither
High Quality Waters (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I: undeveloped watersheds or WS-II:
predominately undeveloped watersheds), listed Section 303(d) impairments, nor Outstanding
Resource Waters (ORW) occur within 1.0 mile (1.6 km) of project study area. Wheat Swamp
Creek is not designated as a North Carolina Natural or Scenic River, or as a National Wild and
Scenic River.
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW.NCDOT.ORG
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH W ILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC

Permanent Impacts: Wheat Swamp Creek and adjacent wetlands will be impacted by the
proposed project. Construction of the proposed project will result in a permanent impact of 0.08
acre from roadway fill and mechanized clearing in wetlands (see permit drawings).
Temporary Impacts: No temporary impacts are anticipated due to the project construction.
Utility Impacts: No impacts to jurisdictional resources due to utility relocation.
Neuse River Basin Buffer Rules
This project is located in the Neuse River Basin; therefore, the regulations pertaining to the
buffer rules apply. There will be a total of 2,275 ft2 of impacts to riparian buffers. This includes
741 ft2 (628 ft2 in Zone 1 and 113 ft2 in Zone 2) due to the bridge crossing. According to the
buffer rules, bridges are allowable. Uses designated as allowable may proceed within the riparian
buffer provided that there are no practical alternatives to the requested use pursuant to Item (8) of
this Rule. Additionally, 1,534 ft2 (460 ft2 in Zone 1 and 1,074 ft2 in Zone 2) of impacts will occur
from approach fill and mechanized clearing activities. According to the buffer rules, road
crossings are allowable with mitigation. However, mitigation thresholds have not been met for
this project, therefore buffer mitigation will not be required. Uses designated as allowable with
mitigation may proceed within the riparian buffer provided that there are no practical alternatives
to the requested use pursuant to Item (8) of this Rule and an appropriate mitigation strategy has
been approved pursuant to Item (10) of this Rule. All practicable measures to minimize impacts
within buffer zones were followed.
Bridge Demolition
The existing bridge consists of timber piles with concrete caps and a concrete superstructure with
an asphalt-wearing surface. The bridge can be removed without dropping components into
Waters of the United States during construction. Best Management Practices for Bridge
Demolition and Removal will be followed to avoid any temporary fill from entering Waters of
the United States.
Avoidance and Minimization
Avoidance examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting impacts to "Waters
of the United States". Due to the presence of surface waters and wetlands within the project
study area, avoidance of all impacts is not possible. The NCDOT is committed to incorporating
all reasonable and practicable design features to avoid and minimize jurisdictional impacts.
Minimization measures were incorporated as part of the project design these included:
• NCDOT is replacing Bridge No. 46 in place and utilizing anoff--site detour.
• The bridge will be built using top-down construction.
• NCDOT is utilizing longer spans with fewer bents than the existing bridge.
• Implementation of High Quality Waters Sedimentation and Erosion Control Measures.
• Three to one slopes will be used in jurisdictional areas.
NCDMF recommended a moratorium for anadromous fish in a letter dated June 12, 2002.
However in an email (attached) dated July 31, 2006, Sean McKenna with NCDMF deferred the
anadromous fish call to NCWRC. According to a letter from the NCWRC, dated June 12, 2002,
no in-stream moratoria are proposed for this project.
NCDOT TIP B-4125 Page 2 of 4

Mitigation
Due to the low amount of proposed impacts and associated marginal quality, NCDOT is not
proposing mitigation for this site. We are lengthening the bridge by 5 feet and therefore
increasing the hydraulic opening.
Federal Protected Species
As of January 29, 2007, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists one federally protected
species for Greene County. The following table lists this species.
Common Name Scientific Name Status Habitat Conclusion
Red-cockaded Wood ecker Picoides borealis E No No Effect
Note: E -endangered
Regulatory Approvals
Section 404 Permit: All aspects of this project are being processed by the Federal Highway
Administration as a "Categorical Exclusion". The NCDOT requests that these activities be
authorized by a General Permit 31.
Section 401 Permit: We anticipate 401 General Certification number 3370 will apply to this
project. All general conditions of the Water Quality Certifications will be met. Therefore, in
accordance with 15A NCAC 2H, Section .0500(a) and 15A NCAC 2B.0200 we are providing 5
copies of this application to the NCDWQ, for their review and approval.
Neuse River Basin Buffer Authorization: NCDOT requests that the NCDWQ review this
application and issue a written approval for a Neuse River Riparian Buffer Authorization.
A copy of this permit will be posted on the NCDOT web site
http://www.doh.dot. state.nc.us/preconstruct/pe/neu/permit.html
Thank you for your time and assistance with this project. Please contact John Merritt at
[e-mail] or [phone] if you have any questions or need any additional
information.
Sincerely,
~.
Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D.
Environmental Management Director, PDEA
Cc: W/attachment:
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ (5 copies)
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Ron Sechler, NMFS
Mr. Michael Street, NCDMF
Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
NCDOT TIP B-4125 Page 3 of 4

Mr. C. E. Lassiter, PE, Division 2 Engineer
Mr. Jay Johnson, Division 2 Environmental Officer
W/o attachment
Mr. Scott McLendon, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Majed Alghandour, P. E., Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. John Williams, P.E., Planning Engineer
NCDOT TIP B-4125 Page 4 of 4

Office Use Only: Form Version March OS
20070402
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ® Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
^ Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ^ Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: GP 31
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach. the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here: ^
5. If your project is .located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name:___ Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director
Mailing Address: 1598 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC
Telephone Number:[phone] Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
Page 1 of 8

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of prof
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): B-4125
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):
4. Location
County: Greene Nearest Town: Hookerton
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): N/A
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.):
5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): 35.4096 °N 77.5590 °W
6. Property size (acres): N/A
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: Wheat Swamp Creek
8. River Basin: Neuse
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at 1~://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/ma~s/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Rural with forested areas and scattered residential and
farms.
Page 2 of 8

10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Replacement of the existing bridge structure with a 105-foot bridge at approximately the
same location and roadway elevation of the existing structure using top-down construction.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: The bride is considered to be structurally
deficient and functionally obsolete and the replacement will result in safer traffic operations.
1V. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules. N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
N/A
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United 5tates/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
Page 3 of 8

1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: approach fill hand clearing,
mechanized clearin
but are not limited to
2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include,
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
Located within Distance to Area of
Wetland Impact Type of Wetland 100-year Nearest Impact
Site Number Type of Impact (e.g., forested, marsh, Floodplain Stream (acres)
(indicate on map) herbaceous, bog, etc.) (es/no) (linear feet
Yes llft. 0.01
Site 1 Permanent fill Herbaceous
Yes lift. 0.02
Site 1 Mechanized clearing Herbaceous
40ft. 0.02
Site 2 Permanent fill Bottomland Hardwood Yes 0.03
Bottomland Hardwood Yes 40ft.
Site 2 Mechanized clearing
Total Wetland Impact (acres) 0.08
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: N/A
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or cult' ras, b
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip- p,
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included. To calculate acreage, multiply length X width, then divide by 43,560.
-~ Average Impact Area of
`~ Stream Impact Perennial or Stream Width Length Impact
Number Stream Name Type of Impact Intermittent?
Before Im act (linear feet) (acres)
_ (indicate on ma )
N/A
0 0
Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage)
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuariet,are notslimit dtto
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, bu
fill, excavation, dredging, flooding, drainage, bulkheads, etc.
Type of Waterbody Area of
Open Water Impact Name of Waterbody ond, estuary, sound, bay, Impact
Site Number Type of Impact (lake, P acres
(if applicable) ocean, etc.
indicate on ma )
N/A
Total Open Water Impact (acres)
Page 4 of 8

6. List the cumulative im act to all Waters of the U.S. resultin from the ro'ect:
Stream Im act (acres): 0.0
Wetland Im act (acres): .0.08
O en Water Im act (acres : 0.0
Total Impact to Waters of the U.S. (acres) 0.08
Total Stream Impact (lineaz feet): 0
7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ^ Yes ®No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or lineaz feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USAGE.
Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the' wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): N/A
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond:
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts. Use of an off-site detour
during construction, construction of a 5-foot lon eg_ r bridge Best Management Practices will also
be utilized during demolition of the existing bridge and construction of the new bridge
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
Page 5 of 8

USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream , Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmgide.html.
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
Due to the quality of wetland and limited impacts, NCDOT was not planning on mitigation.
Hydraulic flow will be improved b~gtthening the bridge by 5 feet.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htin. If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet): 0
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet): 0
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0.08
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes ® No ^
Page 6 of 8

XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
N/A
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Is this anafter-the-fact permit application? Yes ^ No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ^ No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
N/A
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
f.
p~~ 3•g-o
Ap~licanl~/Agent's Signature ~ ~ • Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 8 of 8

11tORTH CAROLIII~A
HOOKERTON
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NEUSE IaIVEI~ BASIN
PROJECT LOCATION
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DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
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REPLACE BRIDGE X46
OVER WHEAT SWAMP CREEK
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Snow Hill, NC 28580

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lHooker~on, NC 28538

3 James ~. Fields, eE niz X899 Hingo 1$oad
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NAMES AND ADDRESSES
I~AR~]E1L Nom. NAMES ADDRESSES
3 James A. ~ie~ds9 e( ug 6899 lHngo Road
~ooker~on, N~ 28538
~ Ely ~. ferry D.®. ]~oz 1475
~.ins(on, NC 28503
N~:~®~
DIVISION OF .HIGHWAYS
GREENE COUNTY
PROJECT:33~78.1.1 (B-~125>
REPLACE BRIDGE #~96
OVER WHEAT SWAMP CREEg
ON SR 1091
Permit Drawing
SHEET OF Sh@et 6 Of ~ G

Re:B-4125 & B-4127
Subject: Re: B-4125 & B-4127
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 08:41:18 -0400
From: Sean McKenna <[e-mail]>
To: "John S. Merritt" <[e-mail]>
Hey John, That's correct, DMF deferred the anadromous fish call to WRC.
Sean
John S. Merritt wrote:
>Hi Sean.
>Just writing this to confirm our phone conversation on 7/19/06
>concerning the recommended anadromous fish moratoriums dated
>6/12/02 for 8-4125 bridge over Swamp Creek and 8-4127 bridge over
>Rainbow Creek in Greene Co. Per our conversation you deferred
>the call. for a fish moratoriums on these two projects to WRC.
>WRC did not ask for a moratorium and the DOT will proceed
>accordingly. Please send a quick email back to make sure we are
>the same page.
>Thanks for your help,
> John Merri t t
1 of 1 3/7/2007 7:00 AM

CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION ACTION CLASSIFICATION FORM
TIP Project No. B-4125
State Project No. 8.2180 Ol
WBS No. 33478.1.1
Federal Project No. BRZ-1091(1)
A. Project Description:
The purpose of this project is to replace Greene County Bridge No. 46 on
SR 1091 over Wheat Swamp Creek. The replacement structure will be a Bridge
105 feet long and 30 feet vv~de. The cross section will include two 12-foot lanes
and 3-foot offsets. The west approach will be approximately 160 feet long and
the east approach will be approximately 442 feet long. The approach cross
section will include 12-foot lanes and 6-foot shoulders. Traffic will be detoured
offsite during construction (see Figure One). The roadway will be designed with
a 60 mile per hour design speed.
B. Purpose and Need:
Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicate the bridge has a sufficiency rating of
21.7 out of a possible 100 for a new structure. The bridge has timber piles that
can not reasonably be rehabilitated. Bridge 46 has a Structural Appraisal of 2 out
of 10 making it both Structurally Deficient and Functionally Obsolete. For these
reasons Bridge No. 46 needs to be replaced.
C. Proposed Improvements:
The following Type II improvements which apply to the project aze circled:
1. Modernization of a highway by resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation,
reconstruction, adding shoulders, or adding auxiliary lanes (e.g., pazking,
weaving, turning, climbing).
a. Restoring, Resurfacing, Rehabilitating, and Reconstructing
pavement (3R and 4R unprovements)
b. Widening roadway and shoulders without adding through lanes
c. Modernizing gore treatments
d. Constructing lane improvements (merge, auxiliary, and turn lanes)
e. Adding shoulder drains
f. Replacing and rehabilitating culverts, inlets, and drainage pipes,
including safety treatments
g. Providing driveway~pipes
h. Performing minor bridge widening (less than one through lane)
2. Highway safety or traffic operations improvement projects including the
installation of ramp metering control devices and lighting.
a. Installing ramp metering devices
b. Installing lights
c. Adding or upgrading guazdrail
d. Installing safety barriers including Jersey type bamers and pier.
protection
e. Installing or replacing impact attenuators

f. Upgrading medians including adding or upgrading median barriers
g. Improving intersections including relocation and/or realignment
h. Making minor roadway realignment
i. Channelizing traffic
j. Performing cleaz zone safety improvements including removing
hazazds and flattening slopes
k. Implementing traffic aid systems, signals, and motorist aid
1. Installing bridge safety hazdwaze including bridge rail retrofit
3O. Bridge rehabilitation, reconstruction, or replacement or the construction of
grade separation to replace existing at-grade railroad crossings.
a. Rehabilitating, reconstructing, or replacing bridge approach slabs
b. Rehabilitating or replacing bridge decks
c. Rehabilitating bridges including painting (no red lead paint), scour
repair, fender systems, and minor structural improvements
dO. Replacing a bridge (structure and/or fill)
4. Transportation corridor fringe pazking facilities.
5. Construction of new truck weigh stations or rest azeas.
6. Approvals for disposal of excess right-of--way or for joint or limited use of
right-of--way, where the proposed use does not have significant adverse
impacts.
7. Approvals for changes in access control.
8. Construction of new bus storage and maintenance facilities in azeas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing zoning and located on or neaz
a street with adequate capacity to handle anticipated bus and support
vehicle traffic.
9. Rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing rail and bus buildings and
ancillary facilities where only minor amounts of additional land aze
required and there is not a substantial increase in the number of users.
10. Construction of bus transfer facilities (an open azea consisting of
passenger shelters, boarding azeas, kiosks and related street
unprovements) when located in a commercial azea or other high activity
center in which there is adequate street capacity for projected bus traffic.
11. Construction of rail storage and maintenance facilities in azeas used
predominantly for industrial or transportation purposes where such
construction is not inconsistent with existing zonmg and where there is no
significant noise impact on the surrounding community.
12. Acquisition of land for hazdship or protective purposes, advance land
acquisition loans under section 3(b) of the UMT Act. Hazdship and
protective buying will be permitted only for a particulaz pazcel or a limited
number of pazcels. These types of land acquisition qualify for a CE only
where the acquisition will not limit the evaluation of alternatives,
including shifts in alignment for planned construction projects, which may
2

be required in the NEPA process. No project development on such land
may proceed until the NEPA process has been completed.
D.
Special Project Information:
Estimated Costs:
Total Construction $ 650,000
Right of Way $ 26,000
Total $ 676,000
Estimated Traffic:
Current - 1300
Yeaz 2025 - 2500
TTST - 3%
Dual - 2%
Accidents: In a check of a recent three-year period, one accident occurred due to
a collision with a deer crossing the road
Design Speed: 60 mph
Functional Classification: Rural Minor Collector
School Busses: During the school year there aze six school bus crossings per day
at this location. The Transportation Director for Greene County Public Schools
would prefer not to detour offsite. However he acknowledged the environmental
concerns and the cost of building and onfite detour (apx. $300,000). He therefore
requested that NCDOT keep construction time to a minimum and overlap as
much of the summer as possible when students are out of school.
Division Office Comments: The Division concurs with the proposed alternate.
Bridge Demolition: Bridge 46 is composed timber piles with concrete caps and a
concrete superstructure. It is likely that all components can be removed without
any appreciable debris falling into the water.
Studied Offsite Detour: The offsite detour includes roads in Greene and Lenoir
Counties as follows: Greene SR 1429, Lenoir SR 1706, Lenoir SR 1704, Lenoir
SR 1705, Greene SR 1432, Greene SR 1430, back to Greene SR 1091. The
detour would result in 3.5 miles additional travel and approximately 5.5 minutes
delay of normal travel time. This delay falls just into range where the Department
begins to consider an onfite detour. However, because there aze mitigating
factors with regard to High Quality Wetlands and anadramous fish, and because
there is not strong objection from Emergency Services, the Division, or the
County School Transportation Director, an offsite detour is appropriate for this
project.
Design Exception: There will be no design exceptions for this project.
3

i
E. Threshold Criteria
The following evaluation of threshold criteria must be completed for Type II
actions
ECOLOGICAL YES NO
(1) Will the project have a substantial impact on any unique or
important natural resource? ^ X
(2) Does the project involve habitat where federally listed
endangered or threatened species may occur? ~ X
(3) Will the project affect anadromous fish?
(4) If the project involves wetlands, is the amount of
permanent and/or temporary wetland taking less than
one-third (1/3) of an acre and have all practicable
measures to avoid and minimize wetland takings been
evaluated?
X
^

(5) Will the project require the use of U. S. Forest Service lands?
X

(6) Will the quality of adjacent water resources be adversely
i
mpacted by proposed construction activities? ^ X
(7) Does the project involve waters classified as Outstanding
Water Resources (OWR) and/or High Quality Waters (HQW)?
~
. X
(8) Will the project require fill in waters of the United States
in any of the designated mountain trout counties? ~ ^ X
(9) Does the project involve any known underground storage
tanks (UST's) or hazardous materials sites? ^ X
PERMITS AND COORDINATION YES NO
(10) If the project is located within a CAMA county, will the '
project significantly affect the coastal zone and/or any
"Area of Environmental Concern" (AEC)? ^ X
(11) Does the project involve Coastal Barrier Resources Act
resources? ~ X
(12) Will a U. S. Coast Guard permit be required?
X
(13) Will the project result in the modification of any existing
4

regulatory floodway? ~ X
(14) Will the project require any stream relocations or channel ^
changes? X
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL RESOURCES YES NO
(15) Will the project induce substantial impacts to planned
growth or land use for the area? ^ X
(16) Will the project require the relocation of any family or ^
business? X
(17) Will the project have a disproportionately high and
adverse human health and environmental effect on any minority ^
or low-income population? X
(18) If the project involves the acquisition of right of way, is the
amount of right of way acquisition considered minor? X D
(19) Will the project involve any changes in access control? ^
X

(20) Will the project substantially alter the usefulness and/or land
use of adjacent property? X
(21) Will the project have an adverse effect on permanent local
traffic patterns or community cohesiveness? ^ X
(22) Is the project included in an approved thoroughfare plan
and/or Transportation Improvement Program (and is,
therefore, in conformance with the Clean Air Act of 1990)?
X ^
(23) Is the project anticipated to cause an increase in traffic
volumes? ^ X
(24) Will traffic be maintained during construction using existing
roads, staged construction, or on-site detours? X ^
(25) If the project is a bridge replacement project, will.the bridge be
replaced at its existing location (along the
existing facility) and will all construction proposed in
association with the bridge replacement project be contained on ^
the existing facility? X
(26) Is there substantial controversy on social, economic, or ^
environmental grounds concerning the project? X
(27) Is the project consistent with all Federal, State, and local laws
relating to the environmental aspects of the project? X ^
5

(28) Will the project have an "effect" on structures/properties
eligible for or listed on the National Register of Historic Places?
X
(29) Will the project affect any archaeological remains, which aze
important to history or pre-history? ~ X
(30) Will the project require the use of Section 4(f) resources
(public pazks, recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges
,
historic sites, or historic bridges, as defined in
Section 4(f) of the U. S. Department of Transportation Act of
1966)?
X
(31) Will the project result in any conversion of assisted public
recreation sites or facilities to non-recreation uses, as
defined by Section 6(f) of the Land and Water Conservation
Act of 1965, as amended? ^ X
(32) Will the project involve construction in, across, or
adjacent to a river designated as a component of or
proposed for inclusion in the Natural System of Wild and
Scenic Rivers? ^ X
F. Additional Documentation Re aired for Unfavorable Res onses in Part E
iscussion regaz mg avora a responses in art s o e provided
below. Additional supporting documentation may be attached, as necessary.)
Item (3j Wheat Swamp Creek is an anadramous fish stream. As
such, The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries has
indicated that a moratorium on in-water construction will be in
place from February 1 to September 30 of any given year.

G. CE Approval
TIP Project No.
State Project No.
WBS No.
Federal-Aid Project No.
Project Description:
B-4125
8.2180301
33478.1.1
BRZ-1091(1)
The purpose of this project is to replace Greene County Bridge No. 46 on SR
1091 over Wheat Swamp Creek. The replacement structure will be a Bridge 105
feet long and 30 feet wide. The cross section will include two 12-foot lanes and a-
foot offsets. The west approach will be approximately 160 feet long and the east
approach will be approximately 442 feet long. The approach cross section will
include 12-foot lanes and 6-foot shoulders. Traffic will be detoured offsite during
construction (see Figure One). The roadway will be designed with a 60 mph
design speed.
Categorical Exclusion Action Classification•
TYPE II(A)
X TYPE II(B)
Approved:
f _ . ~3
Date
f
Date
l2- I~~-b~
Date

~~. yip
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
For Type II(B) projects only:
L-j~ ^~-
Date

Division Administrator
Federal Highway Administration
7
rro~ect Development & Environmental Analysis Branch

PROJECT COMMITMENTS;
Greene County
Bridges 46 on SR 1091
Over Wheat Swamp Creek
Federal Project BRSTP-1091(1)
State Project 8.2180301
WBS 33478.1.1
TIP # B-4125
Anadramous Fish
Moratorium: The North Cazolina Division of Marine Fisheries has indicated that
a moratorium on in-water construction will be in place from February 1 to
September 30 of any given year.
Top-Down Construction: To the extent that it is practical, top-down construction
will be implemented to minimize impacts on the stream.
Bridge Demolition: To the extent possible, the bridge shall be removed without
dropping debris into the water. To the extent that it is practical, the bridge down
without the use of temporary causeways.
Erosion Control: High Quality Waters Sedimentation and Erosion Control
Measures will be required for this project.
Design: Bearing in mind that top-down construction is preferred, the new bridge
shall be designed such that it spans the stream, at normal water elevation, entirely
if possible or to the greatest extent practical.
Exception to Moratorium: Ereliminary planning and design suggests that it may
be possible to utilize top-down demolition and construction not requiring any
causeways or temporary fill in the channel. It also suggests that the new bridge
would include a center span that completely spans the channel. If, and only if,
these things remain true such that the o~ in-water activity is cutting off the
existing piers, the North Carolina. Division of Marine Fisheries has given verbal
indication that construction beginning in July would be acceptable. Any other
construction scenario shall be subject to the full moratorium listed earlier.
Length of Construction
In order to minimize inconveniences to road users and to address specific requests
from the School Transportation Director, NCDOT will set the minimum
reasonable contract time to reduce the period of road closure.
Programmatic Categorical Exclusion
Green Sheet
December 2003
Page 1 of 1

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NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
~ ,~ PROJECT DEVELOPMENT &
~~7~'t
Wn1A~° ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS BRANCH
GREENS COUNTY
REPLACE BRIDGE 46 oN SR 1091
OVER WHEAT SWAMP CREEK
B-4125
Figure One

North Carolina Department of Cultural Resou
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
Michael F. Earley, Governor
Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
Jeffrey J. Crow, Deputy Secretary
Office of Archives and History
November 24, 2003
MEMORANDUM
~ "
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~

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-.l]}vit~n of Historical Reso cea
~~rSlFkT n r!G
.,~-
TO: Greg Thorpe, Ph.D., Director .
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
NCDOT Division of Highways
r~
FROM: David Brook ~`~tr~`h~, ~~`~~ %~~;.(+' ~'rt~'L-~,
SUBJECT: Replacement of Bridge No. 46 on SR 1091 (Hugo Road) over Wheat
Swamp Creek, B-4125, Greene County, ER02-8562
Thank you for your a-mail of October 23, 2003, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a review of the proposed undertaking and are aware of no historic
resources which would be affected by the project. Therefore, we have no comment on the
undertaking as proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with
Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the
above continent, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at
919/733-4763. In all future communication concerning this project, please cite the above
referenced tracking number.
cc: Mary Pope Fury, NCDOT
John Williams, NCDOT
Matt Wilkerson, NCDOT
www.hno.d c r.state.nc.us
Location Mailing Addreu Telephone/Fax
ADMINISTR,\TION 507 N. Blount St.. Raleigh NC 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699.4617 [phone] •733-8653
RESTORATION ~ I S N. Blount St.. Raleigh NC 4617 h1nil Service Centcr. Raleigh NC 27699-4617 [phone] •715.4801
SURVEY d1c PLANNING 515 N. Blount St.. Raleigh NC 4617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 [phone] • 715r180t

NATURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT
for the
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE N0.46 ON SR 1091
OVER WHEAT SWAMP CREEK
GREENS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
TIP No. B-4125
State Project No. 8.2180301
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Project Development and Environmental Analysis. Branch
Natural Resources, Permits and Mitigation Unit
One South Wilmington Street, Post Office Box 25201
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Issued: February 2002
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 PURPOSE .......................................................................... ......................................................................................1
1.3 METHODOLOGY .............................................................. ...................................................................................... 1
1.4 QUALIFICATIONS OF INVESTIGATORS ............................ ......................................................................................2
1.5 DEFINITIONS .................................................................... ...................................................................................... 2
2.0 PHYSICAL RESOURCES ................................................. ......................................................................................2
2.1 SOILS ................................................................................ ......................................................................................3
2.2 WATER RESOURCES ........................................................ ...................................................................................... 3
2.2.1 Surface Water Characteristics ...................................... ..................................................................................... 3
2.2.2 Best Usage Classiftcation ............................................. ..................................................................................... 3
2.2.3 Water Qualiry ............................................................... ..................................................................................... 4
2.2.4 Ecological lmpacts ....................................................... .....................................................................................4
3.0 BI OTIC RESOURCES .............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 TERRESTRIAL COMMUNITIES ............................................................................................................................... 6
3.1. I Dry Oak-Hickory Forest .................................................................................................................................... 6
3.1.2 Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwoods (Blackwater Subtype) ........................................................................... 6
3.1.3 Coastal Plain Levee Forest (Blackwater Subrype) ............................................................................................ 7
3.1.4 Agriculture .........................................................................................................................................................7
3.1.5 Maintained Yard ................................................................................................................................................ 7
3.1.6 Powerline Corridor ........................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.7 Maintained/Disturbed ........................................................................................................................................7
3.1.8 .Maintained Road ............................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2 AQUATIC COMMUNITIES .......................................................................................................................................8
3.3 HABITAT SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 8
4.0 JURISDICTIONAL TOPICS ..................................................................................................................................9
4.1 WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES ......................................................................................................................... 9
4.1.1 Wetlands and Surface Waters .......................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.2 Permits .............................................................................................................................................................10
4.1.3 Bridge Demolition ........................................................................................................................................... II
4.1.4 Mitigation ........................................................................................................................................................11
4.1.4.1 Avoidance ...............................................................................................................................................................11
4.1.4.2 Minimization ...........................................................................................................................................................11
4.1.4.3 Compensatory Mitigation ....................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 RARE AND PROTECTED SPECIES ......................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.1 Federally-Protected Species ............................................................................................................................ 12
4.2.2 Federal Species of Concern and State Listed Species ..................................................................................... 13
5.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................15
6.0 APPENDICES
6.1 FIGURES
Figure 1. Project Vicinity Map
Figure 2. Habitat Within Project Area
6.2 WETLAND DATA FORMS AND RATING WORKSIiEETS
North Carolina Department of Transportation TIP #.~ B-4125 February 2002
The LandMark Design Group, Inc. Project No. 1960024-311.00 Page ii

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE I . HABITAT WITHIN PROJECT AREA .:..........................................................................................................8
TABLE 2. FEDERALLY PROTECTED SPECIES FOR GREENE COUNTY ...............................................................12
TABLE 3. FEDERAL SPECIES OF CONCERN FOR GREENE COUNTY ...............................................:..................14
North Carolina Department of Transportation TIP #: B-4125 February 1002
The LandMark Design Group, Inc. Project No. 1960024-311.00 Page iii

1.0 INTRODUCTION
finical Report is submitted to assist in preparation of a Categorical
d ro~ect. The project is located in southeastern Greene County (Figure
The following Natural Resources Tec
Exclusion (CE) for the propose p J
1).
1.1 Project Description over Wheat
calls for the replacement of Bridge No. 408 m State Road 1091,
The proposed protect
5~,~,~ Creek. The project length is approximately 850.00 ft (259.
P
1.2 Purpose
' o inventory, catalog, and describe the varioumeasuresrthatmwill
The purpose of this technical report is t in the context of
e im acted by the proposed action. Recommendations are made or
that may b P
ce im acts. These descriptions and estimates additional fieldlinvestigations may
minimize resour P
the recommended project area. If the project area Chang
need to be conducted.
1.3 Methodology re-field
to field investigations. Information sources used in this PUSGS)
conducted prior U.S. Geological Survey (
Research was Hookerton (1982) FWS)
investigation -of the project area include: National Wetlands Inventory
hotographs of
le map, Hookerton (1994) U.S. Fish and WCSIi soilemaps,(and NCDOT aerial p . onment
quadrang ent of Envir
Map, Natural Resources Conservation Service ~R rotected species information
i area 1:1,200). Water resource information ederaltand State pDepartm of
the protect ( 1998). F ecies
ublications (DENR, list of protected species and sp
and Natural Resources p ecies and unique habitats.
was gathered from the U.S. Fish ande r dlifaemS~HPj database of rare sP
' concern, and the N.C. Natural Hentag gr uin conducted field
an Smith and Corri Faq
12, 2001. James Shern, Environmental Project Manager,
LandMark Design Group environm~ note July entists RY ust 27, 2001, for qu~itY
' s~,eys along the proposed ahgnm the week of Aug
subsequently performed an additional site visit dunng techni ues: active
unities and their associated wildlife were lat onfied anq recorded.
assurance purposes. Plant comet observ
one or more of the following
Wildlife identification involved using d identification of characteristic signs of windli~e n na
search and capture, visual observations, an 1987).
d burrows). Jurisdictional wetland delintea~anual (Environmental Laboratory,
scat, tracks, an s of Engineers Wetlands Delineation
prescribed in the Corp.
North Carolina Department a pr jeat No. 19600 ~ 311 00
The LandMark Design Grou ,
February 2002
Page 1

,.,

1.4 Qualifications of Investigators
1) Investigator: Ryan Smith, Environmental Scientist,
LandMark Design Group Inc., September 1999 to Present
Education: B.S. Natural Resources: Ecosystem Assessment,
Minor in Environmental Science, North Carolina State University, 1999
Experience: Project Coordinator, Environmental Impact, Inc. Aberdeen, NC, May 1999 to
August 1999
Forestry Technician, N.C. Forest Service, Summer 1998
2) Investigator: Corri Faquin, Environmental Scientist,
LandMark Design Group Inc., Apri12001 to Present
Education: B.S. Natural Resources: Ecosystem Assessment,
Minor in Environmental Science, North Carolina State University, 2000.
B.S. Biological Science, North Carolina State University, 2001
Experience: Associate Scientist, Biolex, Inc. Pittsboro, NC, January 2000 to March 2001
Laboratory Technician, Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University,
January 1999 to May 2000
3) Investigator: James F. Shern, Senior Environmental Scientist,
LandMark Design Group Inc., November 1996 to Present
Education: B.S. Forestry, North Carolina State University, 1992
1.5 Definitions
Definitions for area descriptions used in this report are as follows: Project Area denotes the area
bounded by proposed construction limits; Project Vicinity describes an area within a 0.50 mi (0.81
km) radius of the project study area; and Project Region is equivalent to an area represented by a 7.5
minute USGS quadrangle map with the project occupying the central position.
2.0 PHYSICAL RESOURCES
Soil and water resources that occur in the project area are discussed below. Soils and availability of
water directly influence composition and distribution of flora and fauna in any biotic community.
The project area lies within the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The topography in this section
of Greene County is characterized as nearly level or gently sloping.. Project elevation is approximately
10.00 ft (3.05 m} above mean sea level (msl).
North Carolina Department of Transportation TIP #: B-4125 February 2002
The LandMark Design Group, Inc. Project No. 1960024-311.00 Page 2

2.1 Soils
Three soil phases occur within the project area: Bibb loam, Cowarted from the Soli Survey of Greene
and Kenansville fine sand. Soil description information was obtain
County, North Carolina (1980). They are as follows:
dric with 0.00 to 1.00 percent slopes is a frequently flooded, nearly level, poorly
• Bib_ b loarn (ht' )
drained soil located on flood plains. Infiltratater tab e~sat or~near the surface for mo t of the
permeability is moderate, and the seasonal high w
year. The main limitations for this soil type are wetness and flooding.
Cowarts sand loam (non-hydric) with 6.00 to 12.00 percent slopes, surface runoff liserap d,
commonly found on side slopes of uplands. Infiltration is moderate,
permeability is moderate, and the seasonal high water table occurs below 6.00 ft (1.83 m) for most
of the year. Erosion and rapid runoff are the main limitations for this soil type.
Kenansville fine sand (hydric) with 0.00 to 3.00 percent slopes, is a well drained soil found on low
ridges and undulating stream terraces. Infiltration is rapid, surface runoff is slow, permeability is
moderately rapid, and the seasonal high water table occurs below 6 a oons(fog this soil ttype face.
Seepage and caving of ditch banks and trench walls are the main hmi
2.2 Water Resources
This section contains information concerning those wat~erresourcce, its relationship to major water
resource information encompasses physical aspects of
systems, Best Usage Standards, and water quality of the resources. Surface water resources and
minimization methods are also discussed.
' 2.2.1 Surface Water Characteristics
', Wheat Swamp Creek and a tributary of the Creek are the cwted in sub basin 03e04 07 of thellNeuse
project area. The section of the Creek in the project area is to
River Basin. The average baseflow width of the Creek 1 rate of Wheat Swamp Creek Oscom~posed of
average depth of approximately 4.00 ft (1.22 m). The subs
loam sand. The average baseflow width of the tributary is approximatel u 2.5 is comb ose)d of dam
y The substrate of the tub tart' t
average depth of approximately 0.25 ft (0.08 lm).
~, and flow was moderate upon site inspection. Water clarity was fair.
2.2.2 Best Usage Classification
All streams have been assigned a best usage classification by the N.CSD~visioCnowWQat1998)aliClass C
classification of Wheat Swamp Creek in the project area is C Sw N ~ wildlife, secondary
refers to waters suitable for aquatic life prop lassif cation off Slw ldenlotes waters that have low
recreation, and agriculture. The supplemental
velocities and characteristics different from most water bodies including a low pH, low dissolved
2/
February
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oxygen, and high organic content. The supplemental classification of NSW denotes Nutrient Sensitive
Waters that require additional nutrient management because they are subject to excessive growth of
microscopic and/or macroscopic vegetation.
Neither High Quality Waters (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I: undeveloped watersheds or WS-II:
predominately undeveloped watersheds) nor Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) occur within
1.00 mi (1.61 lun) of the project area.
2.2.3 Water Quality
The DWQ has initiated abasin-wide approach to water quality management for each of the 17 river
basins within the state. To accomplish this goal the DWQ collects biological, chemical, and physical
data that can be used in basinwide assessment and planning. All basins are reassessed every five years.
Prior to the implementation of the basinwide approach to water quality management, the Benthic
Macroinvertebrate Ambient Network (BMAN) :assessed water quality by sampling for benthic
macroinvertebrate organisms at fixed monitoring sites throughout the state. There is one BMAN
station located on Wheat Swamp Creek within 1.00 mi (1.61 km) of the project area. The station
(DEM No. B-12, DEM Index No. 27-86-24) is located on Wheat Swamp Creek at State Road 1091
in Greene County and was not assigned a biological classification in July 1991 and February
1992.
Many benthic macroinvertebrates have life cycle stages that can last from six months to one year.
Therefore, the adverse effects of a toxic spill may not be overcome until the next generation. Different
taxa of macroinvertebrates have different tolerances to pollution, therefore, long-term changes in water
quality conditions can be identified by population shifts from pollution sensitive to pollution tolerant
organisms (and vice versa). Overall, the species present, the population diversity, and the biomass are
reflections of long-term water quality conditions.
In North Carolina, point source dischargers are permitted through the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) Program. Permits are required for all point source discharges. There
are no point source discharges on Wheat Swamp Creek within 1.00 mi (1.61 km) upstream of the
project area.
2.2.4 EcologicalImpacts
Replacing an existing structure in the same location with a road closure during construction is almost
always preferred. It poses the least risk to aquatic organisms and other natural resources. Bridge
replacement at a new location usually results in greater impacts. Usually, project construction does not
disturb the entire area; therefore, actual impacts will be -less than reported in Table 1.
Project construction may result in the following impacts to surface waters:
1. Increased sedimentation and siltation from demolition debris and/or erosion resulting from
vegetation removal and soil disturbance during construction,
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2. Changes in light incidence and water clarity due to increased sedimentation and
vegetation removal,
3. Alteration of water levels and flows due to interruptions and/or additions to surface and ground
water flow from construction,
4. Changes in water temperature due to increased sun and wind exposure resulting from
streamside vegetation removal,
5. Increased nutrient loading from stormwater runoff of areas disturbed during construction, and/or
6. Increased input of toxic compounds from demolition, construction, toxic spills, and highway
runoff.
Precautions must be taken to minimize impacts to water resources in the project area. The
NCDOT's Best Management Practices (BMP) for the Protection of Surface Waters must be
strictly enforced during the construction stage of the project. Guidelines for these BMPs include,
but are not limited to minimizing built upon area and diverting stormwater away from surface
water supply waters as much as possible. Provisions to prevent water resource contamination by
toxic substances during the demolition and construction phases must also be strictly enforced.
3.0 BIOTIC RESOURCES
Biotic resources include aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This section describes those ecosystems
encountered in the project area, as well as, the relationships between flora and fauna within these
ecosystems. Composition and distribution of biotic communities throughout the project area are
reflective of topography, hydrologic influences, and past and present land uses in the project area.
Descriptions of the terrestrial systems are presented in the context of plant community classifications
and follow descriptions presented by Schafale and Weakley (1990) where possible. Dominant flora and
fauna observed, or likely to occur, in each community are described and discussed.
Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable) are provided for each plant and animal
species described. Plant taxonomy generally follows Radford et al. (1968). Animal taxonomy follows
Martof et al. (1980), Potter et al. (1980), and Webster et al. (1985). Subsequent references to the same
organism will include the common name only. Fauna observed during the site visits are denoted with
an asterisk (*). Published range distributions and habitat analysis are used in estimating fauna expected
to be present within the project area.
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3.1 Terrestrial Communities
Eight distinct terrestrial communities are identified in the project area (Figure 2): Dry Oak-Hickory
Forest, Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwoods, Coastal Plain Levee Forest, agriculture, maintained yard,
maintained/disturbed, maintained road, and a powerline corridor. Community boundaries within the
project area are well defined as shown in Figure 2. Faunal species likely to occur within the project
area will exploit all community types for shelter, foraging opportunities, and/or as wildlife corridors.
3.1.1 Dry Oak-Hickory Forest
The Dry Oak-Hickory Forest is present south of State Road 1091 and the powerline corridor on both
sides of Wheat Swamp Creek and north of State Road 1091 east of Wheat Swamp Creek and the
Bottomland Hardwoods. The canopy is dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and also contains
water oak (Quercus nigra), white oak (Quercus alba), willow oak (Quercus phellos), southern red oak
(Quercus rubra), sweet-gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red maple (Ater rubrum), and hickory (Carya
sp.). The sapling layer includes saplings of the canopy layer as well as sassafras (Sassafras albidum),
dogwood (Corms florida), and ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana). Shrubs within this community
include Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and devil's walking stick (Aralia spinosa). Vines within
the Dry Oak-Hickory Forest include muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia), greenbrier (Smilax rotudifolia), and
Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).
Avian species associated with this community type include: turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), wood
duck (Aix sponsa), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Swainson's warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii),
American coot (Fulica americana), pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), tufted titmouse
(Bacolophus bicolor), and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).
Wildlife species associated with this community type include white-tailed deer (Odocoileus
virginianus), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris), golden. mouse
(Ochrotomys nuttali), bobcat (Fells rufus), southeastern shrew (Sorex longirostris), mink (Mustela
vison), and raccoon (Procyon lotor).
3.1.2 Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwoods (Blackwater Subtype)
The Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwoods are present on both sides of Wheat Swamp Creek on the
north side of State Road 1091, and to the east of Wheat Swamp Creek, on the south side of State Road
1091 and the powerline corridor. The canopy of this community contains ironwood, red maple, river
birch (Betula nigra), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), sweet-gum, and American elm (Ulmus
americana). The sapling layer consists of saplings of the canopy trees. The herb layer consists of
lizard's tail (Saururus cernuus), and false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica). The vine layer consists of
trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), and greenbrier (Smilax bona-nox). Faunal species within the
Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwoods would include those species utilizing the Dry Oak-Hickory
Forest.
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3.1.3 Coastal Plain Levee Forest (Blackwater Subtype)
The Coastal Plain Levee Forest is present north of State Road 1091 and east of Wheat Swamp Creek.
The Coastal Plain Levee forest is also present south of State Road 1901 and east of Wheat Swamp
Creek. The canopy of this community is composed of river birch, sweet-gum, and sycamore. The
sapling layer consists of saplings of the canopy trees. Vines within this community include greenbrier.
Faunal species utilizing the Coastal Plain Levee Forest include those species within the Dry Oak-
Hickory Forest.
3.1.4 Agriculture
The agricultural field is present south of State Road 1091 and the maintained/disturbed community and
west of Wheat Swamp Creek and the powerline corridor. This community is composed primarily of a
large-scale agricultural system used for the cultivation of crops. Faunal species frequenting this
community will be largely those species inhabiting the Dry Oak-Hickory Forest.
3.1.5 Maintained Yard
The maintained yard includes the area north of State Road 1091, and west of Wheat Swamp Creek and
the Bottomland Hardwoods. The community is primarily composed of fescue (Festuca sp.), willow
oak, hickory, loblolly pine, water oak, and red maple. Wildlife species utilizing the maintained yard
include species that occupy the Dry Oak-Hickory Forest.
3.1.6 Powerline Corridor
The powerline corridor is present south of State Road 1091 and the maintained/disturbed community,
and on both sides of Wheat Swamp Creek. The powerline corridor is composed of Japanese
honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), rosa (Rosa sp.), blackberry (Rubus argutus), red maple, muscadine,
greenbrier, poison ivy, dog fennel, sweet-gum, grasses (Festuca sp.), sycamore, and devil's walking
stick. The wetlands within the powerline corridor also contain lizard's tail, trumpet creeper, false
nettle, black willow (Salix nigra), knotweed (Polygonum sp.) and dogwood (Corpus amomum). Faunal
species utilizing the powerline corridor will include those species inhabiting the Dry Oak-Hickory
Forest
3.1.7 Maintained/Disturbed
The maintained/disturbed community exists along both sides of State Road 1091 for the entire length of
the project area. Species within the maintained/disturbed community include fescue, dog fennel, and
ragweed (Ambrosia sp.). Wildlife species utilizing the maintained/disturbed include species that
occupy the Dry Oak-Hickory Forest.
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3.1.8 Maintained Road
The maintained road is present north of State Road 1091 and the Bottomland Hardwoods and east of
Wheat Swamp Creek and the Dry Oak-Hickory Forest. The maintained road lacks vegetation and is
utilized as an access road.
3.2 Aquatic Communities
Two aquatic communities, Wheat Swamp Creek and a tributary of Wheat Swamp Creek are located
within the project area. Physical characteristics of a water body and the condition of the water resource
influence faunal composition of aquatic communities. Terrestrial communities adjacent to a water
resource also greatly influence aquatic communities. Vegetation within the aquatic communities
includes those species present in the Bottomland Hardwoods, the Levee Forest, the powerline corridor,
and the Dry Oak-Hickory Forest.
Fauna associated with these aquatic communities includes various invertebrate and vertebrate species.
Aquatic species likely to occur in Wheat Swamp Creek include catfish (Ameiurus sp.), bluegill
(Lepomis macrochirus), water snake (Nerodia sp.), spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata), southern leopard
frog (Rana sphenocephala), and dwarf salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata). Invertebrates that would
be present include various species of caddisfly (Trichoptera), mayfly (Ephemeroptera), crayfish
(Decapoda), dragonfly (Odonata), and damselfly (Odonata).
3.3 Habitat Summary
Construction of the subject project will have various impacts on the biotic resources described. Any
construction related activities in or near these resources have the potential to impact biological
functions. Table 1 quantifies the habitat communities within the project area.
Table 1. Habitat Within Proiect Area.
;Com~nit3~ ' rface Water . Wetlands i~p~and~,... :•,' ~at~ls~_
Dry Oak-Hickory Forest - - 0.31 ac (0.13 ha) 0.31 ae (0.13 ha)
Bottomland Hardwoods - 0.28 ac (0.11 ha) 0.26 ac (0.11 ha) 0.54 ac (0.22 ha)
Levee Forest - - 0.08 ac (0.03 ha) 0.08 ac (0.03 ha)
Agriculture - - 0.03 ac (0.01 ha) 0.03 ac (0.01 ha)
Maintained Yard - - 0.37 ac-(0.15 ha) 0.37 ac (0.15 ha)
Powerline Corridor - 0.11 ac (0.05 ha) 0.58 ac (0.24 ha) 0.69 ac (0.29 ha)
Maintained/Disturbed - - 0.53 ac (0.22 ha) 0.53 ac (0.22 ha)
Maintained Road - - 0.03 ac (0.01 ha) 0.03 ac (0.01 ha)
Tributary 0.01 ac (0.004 ha) - - 0.01 ac (0.004 ha)
Wheat Swamp Creek 0.22 ac (0.09 ha) - - 0.22 ac (0.09 ha)
Total 0.23 ac (0.094 ha) 0.39 ac {0.16 ha) 2.19 ac (0.90 ha) 2.81 ac (1.154 ha)
Plant communities found within the proposed project area serve as nesting and sheltering habitat for
various wildlife species. Replacing Bridge No. 46 and its associated improvements may reduce habitat
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for some faunal species. However, due to the size and scope of this project, it is anticipated that
impacts to fauna will be minimal.
Areas modified by construction (but not paved) will become road shoulders and early succession
habitat. Reduced habitat may displace some wildlife further from the roadway while attracting other
wildlife by the creation of early successional habitat. Animals temporarily displaced by construction
activities may repopulate areas suitable for the species.
Aquatic communities are sensitive to even small changes in their environment. Stream channelization,
scouring, siltation, sedimentation, and erosion from project-related work may affect water quality and
biological constituents. Although direct impacts may be temporary, environmental impacts from these
construction processes may result in long term or irreversible effects.
Impacts often associated with in-stream construction include increased channelization and scouring of
the streambed. In-stream construction alters the stream substrate and may remove streamside
vegetation at the site. Disturbances to the substrate will produce siltation, which in excessive amounts
can clog the gills and/or feeding mechanisms of benthic organisms (sessile filter-feeders and deposit-
feeders), fish, and amphibian species. Benthic organisms may also be covered by excessive amounts of
sediment. Some of these organisms maybe slow to recover or repopulate a stream.
The removal of streamside vegetation and placement of fill material at the construction site alters the
terrain. Alterations of the streambank enhance the likelihood of erosion and sedimentation.
Revegetation stabilizes the soil thus mitigating these processes. Erosion and sedimentation carry soils,
toxic compounds, and other materials into aquatic communities at the construction site. These
processes increase turbidity and can cause the formation of sandbars at the site and downstream,
thereby altering water flow and the growth of vegetation. Streamside clearing also leads to more direct
sunlight penetration causing elevations in water temperatures, which may impact some species. Based
on the potential for increased sedimentation, it is recommended that silt curtains be used during
construction.
4.0 JURISDICTIONAL TOPICS
This section provides descriptions, inventories, and impact analysis pertinent to two important issues:
"Waters of the United States" and rare and protected species.
4.1 Waters of the United States
Surface waters and jurisdictional wetlands fall under the broad category of "Waters of the United
States," as defined in Section 33 of the Code of Federal Register (CFR) Part 328.3. Wetlands, defined
in 33 CFR 328.3, are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a
frequency and duration sufficient to support, and under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence
of vegetation typically adapted to life in saturated conditions. Any action that proposes to place fill into
these areas falls under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) under Section 404
of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344).
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4.1.1 Wetlands and Surface Waters
Potential wetland communities were investigated pursuant to the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual. The three-parameter approach was used. Hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation,
and certain specific hydrologic characteristics must all be present for an area to be considered a
wetland. Wetlands are present within the Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwoods and the
powerline corridor. The total area of wetlands within the project area is 0.39 ac (0.16 ha).
Wheat Swamp Creek and a tributary of the Creek are jurisdictional surface waters under Section 404 of
the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344). Wheat Swamp Creek covers 0.22 ac (0.09 ha) and 226.00 if
(68.88 lm) of the project area. The tributary covers 0.01 ac (0.004 ha) and 194.00 if (59.13 lm) of the
project area. Discussion of the biological, physical, and water quality aspects of all surface waters in
the project area are presented in previous sections of this report.
4.1.2 Permits
Nationwide Permit 23 (33 CFR 330.5(a) (23)) is likely to be applicable for all impacts to "Waters of the
United States" resulting from the proposed project. This permit authorizes activities undertaken,
assisted, authorized, regulated, funded, or financed in whole or part by another federal agency or
department where that agency or department has determined that pursuant to the Council on
Environmental Quality regulation for implementing the procedural provisions of the National
Environmental Policy Act:
• the activity, work, or discharge is categorically excluded from environmental documentation
because it is included within a category of actions which neither individually nor cumulatively
have a significant effect on the human environment, and
• the office of the Chief of Engineers has been furnished notice of the agency's or department's
application for the categorical exclusion and concurs with that determination.
A Nationwide Permit 33 may be required if the construction plans require a temporary structure that is
not covered in the NEPA document.
This project will also require a 401 Water Quality Certification from the DWQ prior to the issuance of
the Nationwide Permit. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that the state issue or deny water
certification for any federally permitted or licensed activity that may result in a discharge to "Waters of
the United States." Section 401 Certification allows surface waters to be temporarily impacted for the
duration of the construction or other land manipulation. The issuance of a 401 permit from the DWQ is
a prerequisite to issuance of a Section 404 permit.
Projects located within the Neuse River Basin are subject to the Neuse River Buffer Rules,
administered by the DWQ. These rules address loss of stream channel buffers for field verified streams
appearing on the USGS Topographic Quad and/or the NRCS Soil Survey. Bridge construction is
allowable provided that there are "no practical alternatives." Written authorization is required from the
DWQ. A request,to the DWQ for the authorization should be,included in the cover letter of the permit
application package.
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4.1.3 Bridge Demolition
Bridge demolition information will be provided in the NEPA Document.
4.1.4 Mitigation
The COE has adopted, through the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), a wetland mitigation
policy that embraces the concept of "no net loss of wetlands" and sequencing. The purpose of this
policy is to restore and maintain the chemical, biological, and physical integrity of "Waters of the
United States," specifically wetlands. Mitigation of wetland impacts has been defined by the CEQ to
include avoiding impacts (to wetlands), minimizing impacts, rectifying impacts, reducing impacts over
time, and compensating for impacts (40 CFR 1508.20). Each of these three aspects (avoidance,
minimization, and compensatory mitigation) must be considered sequentially.
4.1.4.1 Avoidance
Avoidance mitigation examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting impacts to
"Waters of the United States." According to a 1990 Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) .and the COE, in determining "appropriate and practicable"
measures to offset unavoidable impacts, 'such measures should be appropriate to the scope and degree
of those impacts and practicable in terms of cost, existing technology, and logistics in light of overall
project purposes.
4.1.4.2 Minimization
Minimization includes the examination of appropriate and practicable steps to reduce the adverse
impacts to "Waters of the United States." Implementation of these steps will be required through
project modifications and permit conditions. Minimization typically focuses on decreasing the
footprint of the proposed project through the reduction of median widths, right-of--way widths, fill
slopes, and/or road shoulder widths. Other practical mechanisms to minimize impacts to "Waters of
the United States" crossed by the proposed project include: strict enforcement of sedimentation control
BMP's for the protection of surface waters during the entire life of the project; reduction of clearing and
grubbing activity; reduction/elimination of direct discharge into streams; reduction of runoff velocity;
re-establishment of vegetation on exposed areas; judicious pesticide and herbicide usage; minimization
of "in-stream" activity; and litter/debris control.
4.1.4.3 Compensatory Mitigation
Compensatory mitigation is not normally considered until anticipated impacts to "Waters of the United
States" have been avoided and minimized to the maximum extent practicable. It is recognized that "no
net loss of wetlands" functions and values may not be achieved in each and every permit action.
Appropriate and practicable compensatory mitigation may be required for unavoidable adverse impacts
that remain after all appropriate and practicable minimization has been performed. Compensatory
actions often include restoration, creation, and enhancement of "Waters of the United States." Such
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actions should be undertaken in areas adjacent to or contiguous to the discharge site whenever
practicable. Compensatory mitigation is not usually necessary with a Nationwide Permit No. 23,
however final mitigation requirements rest with the COE.
Impact thresholds for mitigation are as follows:
• 0.10 to 1.00 ac (0.04 to 0.40 ha) of wetland impacts may require mitigation;
• 1.00 ac (0.40 ha) or more of wetland impacts will require mitigation;
• 150.00 if (45.72 lm) or more of stream impacts will require mitigation.
4.2 Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of flora and fauna have been in, or are in, the process of decline either due to natural
forces or their inability to coexist with human activities. Federal law (under the provisions of the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended} requires that any action, likely to adversely affect a
species classified as federally protected, be subject to review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(FWS). Other species may receive additional protection under separate state laws.
4.2.1 Federally-Protected Species
Plants and 'animals with federal classifications of Endangered (E), Threatened (T), Proposed
Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected under the provisions of Section 7 and
Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. As of March 22, 2001, the FWS lists
one federally-protected species for Greene County (Table 2). A brief description of the characteristics
and habitat requirements for these species along with a conclusion regarding potential project impacts
follows.
Table 2. Federall - rotected s ecies of Greene and Lenoir Counties.
': Scentific`Name 'Cotri~non Name ' ' e,~ler~l~Status
Picoides borealis Red-cockaded woodpecker Endangered
Endangered - A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
Picoides borealis (red-cockaded woodpecker) Endangered
Animal Family: Picidae
Date Listed: October 13, 1970
The red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW) once occurred from New Jersey to southern Florida and west to
eastern Texas. It occurred inland in Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. The
RCW is now found only in coastal states of its historic range and inland in southeastern Oklahoma and
southern Arkansas. In North Carolina moderate populations occur in the sandhills and southern coastal
plain. The few populations found in the Piedmont and northern coastal plain are believed to be relics of
former populations.
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~ ~
The adult RCW has black and white plumage and male RCWs have small red streaks on the sides of
the nape. The RCW. is identifiable by horizontal stripes of black and white on it's back, white with
streaked flanks on it's breast and underside, and a large white cheek patch.
The RCW uses open old growth stands of southern pines, particularly longleaf pine (Pinus palustris),
for foraging and nesting habitat. RCWs require forested stands that contain at least 50.00 percent pine,
lack a thick understory, and are contiguous with other pine stands. These birds nest exclusively in trees
greater than 60 years old that are contiguous with pine stands, at least 30 years of age. The foraging
range of the RCW is up to 500.00 ac (202.34 ha) and must be contiguous with suitable nesting sites.
RCWs nest exclusively in living pine trees, generally those trees infected with red-heart disease.
Cavities are located in colonies from 12.00 to 100.00 ft (3.66 to 30.48 m) above the ground and average
30.00 to 50.00 ft (9.14 to 15.24 m) high. They can be identified by a large incrustation of running sap
surrounding the tree. The incrustation of sap is believed to be a defense mechanism of the RCW
against possible predators. A colony of woodpeckers usually consists of one breeding pair and the
offspring from previous years. The RCW lays its eggs (three to five) in April, May, and June and the
eggs hatch approximately 38 days later. All members of the colony share the raising of the young.
Red-cockaded woodpeckers feed mainly on insects but may feed on seasonal wild fruits.
BIOLOGICAL CONCLUSION: NO EFFECT
The mature, open pine stands required by the RCW are not present in the project area. The North
Carolina Natural Heritage Program database was reviewed on June 12, 2001 and revealed no records of
existing populations of RCW within 1.00 mi (1.61 km) of the project area. No habitat for the RCW
exists in the project area, thus, no impacts to RCWs will result from project construction.
4.2.2 Federal Species of Concern and State Listed Species
Federal Species of Concern are not afforded federal protection under the Endangered Species Act and
are not subject to any of its provisions, including Section 7, until they are formally proposed or listed as
Threatened or Endangered. However, the status of these species is subject to change, and therefore
should be included for consideration. Federal Species of Concern (FSC) are defined as a species that is
under consideration for listing but for which there is insufficient information to support listing. In
addition, organisms, which are listed as Endangered (E), Threatened (T), or Special Concern (SC) by
the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program list of Rare Plant and Animal Species, are afforded -state
protection under the N.C. State Endangered Species Act and the N.C. Plant Protection and
Conservation Act of 1979.
There is one Federal Species of Concern listed by the FWS for Greene .County. A survey for this
species was not conducted during the site visit, nor were any of this species observed. A review of the
NCNHP database of rare species and unique habitats on June 12, 2001 revealed no federal species of
concern within 1.00 mi (1.61 km) of the project area.
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~ 1 ,
Table 3. Federal Species of Concern for_ Greene and Lenoir Counties.
ScientiificName Commonl_~ame l~C Status Habitat
- Lythrurus matutinus ~~~ ~ M_~.. Pinewoods shiner __~ SR* * ... Yes ~~
"SR"--A Significantly Rare species is one which is very rare in North Carolina, generally with 1-20 populations in the state,
generally substantially reduced in numbers by habitat destruction, direct exploitation, or disease. The species is
generally more common elsewhere in its range, occurring peripherally in North Carolina.
** --Obscure record -the date the species was last observed in the county is uncertain.
North Carolina Department of Transportation TIP #: B-4125 February 2002
The LandMark Design Group, Inc. Project No. 1960024-311.00 Page 14

~ i 1
5.0 REFERENCES
Amoroso, J.L. 1999. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare Plant Species of North Carolina.
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Raleigh, N.C.
Basinwide Information Management System, [Online]. Available:
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/bims/Reports/reports.html [2001, June 28].
Cowardin, Lewis M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classifications of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington D.C.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Technical Report
Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
LeGrand, Jr., H.E. and S.P. Hall. 1999. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare Animal Species of
North Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Raleigh, N.C.
Lists of Active Permits, [Online]. Available: http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/NPDES/documents/permits.xls
[2001, June 28].
Martof, B.S., W.M. Palmer, J.R. Bailey and J.R. Harrison III. 1980. Amphibians and Reptiles of the.
Carolinas and Virginia. Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press.
NCDEHNR. 1993. Classifications and Water Quality Standards for North Carolina River Basins.
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources. Raleigh, N.C.
NCDEHNR. 1995. Guidance for Rating the Values of Wetlands in North Carolina. Division of
Environmental Management.
NCDENR. 1998. Neuse River Basinwide Water Quality Management Plan. Department of
Environment and Natural Resources. Raleigh, N.C.
NCDEM. March 2000. Division of Parks and Recreation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
Biological Conservation Database.
Palmer, William M. and Alvin L. Braswell, 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. Chapel Hill, The
University of North Carolina Press.
Pennak, R.W. 1989. Fresh-water Invertebrate of the United States, 3`d. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Potter, E.F., J.F. Parnell and R.P. Teulings. 1980. Birds of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, The University
of North Carolina Press.
North Carolina Department of Transportation TIP #: B-4125 February 2002
The LandMark Design Group, Inc. Project No. 1960024-311.00 Page I S

` ~ ~ 4
Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and G.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas.
Chapel Hill; The University of North Carolina Press.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina.
Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and
Recreation, NCDEHNR. Raleigh, N.C.
USDA. 1980. Soil Survey of Greene County, North Carolina. US Department of Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service list of Threatened and Endangered Species in Greene County, [Online].
Available: http://nc-es.fws.gov/es/cntylist/greene.html [2001, June 28].
Webster, W.D., J.F. Parnell and W.C. Biggs. 1985. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia and
Maryland. Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press.
North Carolina Department of Transportation TIP #: B-4125
The LandMark Design Group, Inc. Project No. 1960024-311.00
February 2002
Page 16

GREENS COUNTY
13 ~ ~, l ~ ~ ~'~ ~~
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DATA FORFt
RCUT[HE vETLAHO DETERHIHATIOH
(1987 CCE wetlands Oclineation Marxial)
?~
I ~~ • ~ ~ ~~
' D
Project/Site: V
1 Date
-
Applicant/Owner Coertty: ~
.•e.`n
~
QQ ~~^,^ L
Irnestfgator: nV~ S~v,~+l~ \~~~(Y ( w~I~, ' `
A
State: IV V
Do Normal Circurs lances exist on the site? Yes Ho Corras~ity I0:
[s the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? Yes Ao Transeet ID:
Is the area a potential Problem Area? Yes Ho Plot I0:
(If needed, explain on reverse.)
', VEGETATION
I~ Dominant Plant Species Stratus Indicator Dominant Plant Species ~ Stratun indicator
~' 1. (b~0 ~o(I V l71 Vl~-- FAG 9. _t~ l ~1 IVY; VIYI~- FAQ
Z. ~C G FA L lo_ YY1~~000c~ l Yl V1'ne F/4-L
3. t r ~, ~ _J.L~.~. F~p-~w T 1.

6: 0 1 ~ b ~~~~ ,~.
T.~ Yr _ Y, ~ ~ 15. ~ .
8. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~AL~ 16.

Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACV and/or FAC:
O/
(excluding FAC-): ~
g~

Reasarks: .
L
H7DROLOGY
_ Recorded Oaca (Describe in Remarks):
Stream, Lake, or Tide Cauge
_ Aerial Photographs
_ Other
Ho Recorded Data Available
Field Observations:
Depth of Surface Voter: (in.)
Depth to Free Voter in Pit: (in.)
Depth to Saturated Soil: _ (in.)
Remarks:
~ ohm
wetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators:
_ I rxnda t ed
_ Saturated in Upper 12 inches
_ Voter Harks
_ Drift lines
_ Sediment Deposits
_ Drainage Patterns in Vet lands
Secondary Indicators~(2 or more required):
_ Oxidized Root Charrsels in Upper 12 Inches
_ Voter-Stained Leaves
_ Local Soil Survey Data
_ FAC-Neutral lest
Other (EzpCain in Remarks)

~ ~.
OAiA FORM
RQ171HE VE7CA11D OETERMIHATION
- (I98T t:CE vetlands Delineation Manual)
Project/Site: I. 1 - -1 ~ ~/`' Dece• /,J,Y~~o !~
Applicant/Owner County- V t C,Q,.y -~
Investigator: iGV(~~/1 ~YYII~ ~ CC~'~~(I Wo~~e_ State: NC,
Do Normal Circurstances exist on the site? Yes No Carsir~ity I0:_
is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? es o Transect I0:
Is the area a potential Problesa Area? Tex g Plot ID:
(if needed, explain on reverse.)
VEGETATION
Dominant Plant Species Stratus Indicator
c. 12:4, ~ !~~I~:~t~'~- ~ ~a{.
5. ~l,~~i i ~~_1~~~`~~ s~1YUb FAQ
T. S~n~ l a~ `i_Q t~Y~'~if ~~ic~shwb -FF}~
Daninani Plant Species Stratum Indicator
9. Ba~hrne~i a cv 1~-n~l ~t7~t ~ ~b ~~
iIS. C0.hC.X C?. ~e"(b D8L
11.SIflr11,OS~C Vn-h,~~t:~ f~"^.~iLl. ~1~~Qi FAG
,2.~r~~ ~~-~- cre~r~e_~c v~~1~. FAc.
t3.
Iii.
15.
16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OSL, FACU and/or FAC: ' oo ~~Q
(excluding FAC-): ,
Rrarks: .
MYOROLOGT
Recorded Oata (Describe in Remarks):
_ Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
_ Aerial PhotograFhs .
_ Other
____ No Recorded Data Available
Field Observations:
. _ --
Depth of Surface Voter: (in.)
Depth to Free Voter in Pit: ~_ (in:)
Depth to Saturated Sail: ~ (in.)
Vetland Hydrology Indicators:
Primary Indicators:
~~rxndated
/~Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
;/ ter Marks
~ift lines
v~ediment Deposits
_/ Drainage Patterr~ in vet lands
Secondary Indicators (2 or more required):
~~x~dized Root Charmets in Upper 12 Inches
{later-Stained Leaves
_ Local Soit Survey Data
_ fAC-Neutral Test
_ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:

~ ,. •
•,~.~.._.~ _.~.....,C WO. ~5'.i_~, (~tZ ti.tRSION}
Project Name : • ~ ~ off-". > C o u r. t .r : y~l`QQ,~
Newest Road:StZ 10~1i Date: ~/i~••/n ~
~retland Area .(acj: ~Netland Wid h (ft):
Name of Evaluators} :~nsll Y'r11'~~n ~ C(~YYI WO~
Net land Location: Adiacent Land Use: •
on sound or estuary (within 1/2 mi upstream,
/ pond or lake .ups lope, or radius}
f
d
/ vn perennial stream oreste
/natural veg. ~_;
on intermittent stream agriculture/urbanized _(~;
within interstream divide impervious surface i[~
other ~
I •. .. Adjacent •5oecial Na~ural Areas
..
Soils _
- Dominant VeQetatioct -~ •• ~ •
! Soil Series ;(1) VV1
predomiaanciy v:~c:__ '••(2} 1(
_ (humus , mucl or pza ~ } (3) iY7~Vl ~/~1U0
_/ predcminantly mineral (r.cn-szndy)
predominantly sa,:,~~ c~00dIn8 and ~Yetness
semipermanently to
~v'raui:c =actors permanently flooded or
i : esh~r;ater b_ acid s;~ inundated
steep tcpogra^ny seasonall;r flooded or
cite red or charineii~ec /inundate
rota? wetland Nid•:Z > 100 ie_t. / intermittently floodee cr
• temporary surface water
tee- and ~-rae (select one}= r,o evidence cf flooding ar
~ottomland l.ard;viced :.rest surface water
S::arrtc Forest pog/: e^
Caro! ina Eay ~ .;`~..wa':e_ crest
i : ocos_n Leg = crest
Fite Savannah. Ephemeral Yetlanj
.;esh4rater Marsh Other.
~ih° rating system canro: be aprliea tc salt er brac!tish marshes or
~~ streaz channels.
. DEM R.aTItvG

~ 2
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'~'7AT=. ti S 1 O RAGE t :t ~ . V t1 = " -
I - •• -
8~.:~t/SfiOP.ELINE ST:SILI%AiIO`i _a.._. _
x 4.00 = . .
SI•Jh •- - •
3 ~ ~
j . OLT.LiTA1~TT REMOVAL . # x S . 00 = •• ---
•~ - ----
WIiDLIFE HA3IT~T ~ x 2.00 = ~_.
'
` I` 00 =
4
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c x
.
~ ~'
r"".:.CREATION/EDUC~.TION x 1.00 =
' iVETL?~YD S COLE _ ~~
(TOTAi, )
Add 1 point if in seas:t ine Natersh ed and >i0~ nonpoint list*:-band
within 1/2 mile ups:rear.: , *spslope, or radius.

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