NC0005088_CSS_Appendix F_20191231

Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019
Cliffside Steam Station
APPENDIX F
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
SynTerra

161P
synTerra
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
573 DUKE POWER ROAD
MOORESBORO, NC 28114
DECEMBER 2019
PREPARED FOR
DUKE
.. ENERGY,
DUKE ENERGY CAROLINAS,, LLC
Tim Grant
Project Scientist
Scott Spinner, NC LG #2243
Project Manager

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station SynTerra
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1-1
2.0
LINEAMENT EVALUATION...................................................................................2-1
2.1
Imagery Selection......................................................................................................2-1
2.2
Lineament Selection and Summary........................................................................
2-2
3.0
DEEP BEDROCK EVALUATION FIELD PROCEDURES AND
IMPLEMENTATION..................................................................................................
3-1
3.1
Purpose.......................................................................................................................
3-1
3.2
Drilling Methodology and Well Design................................................................
3-1
3.3
Well Development....................................................................................................
3-4
3.4
Hydraulic Conductivity Measurements................................................................
3-4
3.5
Deep Bedrock Groundwater Sampling..................................................................
3-4
4.0
BEDROCK FRACTURE EVALUATION METHODS ..........................................
4-1
4.1
Flow Profile Characterization.................................................................................
4-1
4.2
Fracture Hydraulic Apertures.................................................................................4-2
4.3
Fracture Spacing........................................................................................................4-3
4.4
Fracture Orientation Plots and Statistics...............................................................
4-4
4.5
Summary of Bedrock Fracture Characteristics.....................................................
4-6
4.6
Implications of Bedrock Fracture Network for Groundwater Flow..................4-6
5.0
BEDROCK MATRIX CHARACTERISTICS..........................................................5-1
5.1
Sample Selection........................................................................................................5-1
5.2
Matrix Porosity and Bulk Density..........................................................................
5-2
5.3
Petrographic Evaluation..........................................................................................
5-2
5.4
Implications of Bedrock Matrix Characteristics for Flow and Transport .........
5-3
6.0
REFERENCES...............................................................................................................
6-1
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1A
USGS Map without Lineaments
Figure 1B
USGS Map with Lineaments — Active Ash Basin
Figure 1C
USGS Map with Lineaments — Units 1-4 Ash Basin
Figure 1D
USGS Map with Lineaments — Unit 5 Inactive Ash Basin
Figure 2A
1955 Aerial Photograph without Lineaments
Figure 2B
1955 Aerial Photograph with Lineaments — Active Ash Basin
Figure 2C
1955 Aerial Photograph with Lineaments —Units 1-4 Ash Basin
Figure 2D
1955 Aerial Photograph with Lineaments — Unit 5 Inactive Ash Basin
Figure 3
Deep Bedrock Evaluation Locations
Figure 4
Hydraulic Conductivity Vertical Profiles
Figure 5
Hydraulic Aperture Vertical Profiles
Figure 6
Fracture Spacing Vertical Profile
Figure 7A
General Cross Section A -A'
Figure 7B
General Cross Section K-K'
Figure 7C
General Cross Section H-H'
Figure 7D
General Cross Section E-E'
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Analytical Results for Deep Bedrock Wells
Table 2 Porosity and Bulk Density Results
LIST OF ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A Boring Logs, Well Construction Records, and Well Development
Logs
Attachment B USGS FLASH Results and Calculations
Attachment C Geophysical Logging Report
Attachment D Petrographic Evaluation of Core Samples
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
02L
North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A, Subchapter 02L,
Groundwater Classification and Standards
AAB
active ash basin
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
BTV
background threshold values
bgs
below ground surface
CAP
Corrective Action Plan
Core Labs
Core Laboratories
COI
constituent of interest
Cliffside
Cliffside Steam Station (refers to entire property)
CSA
Comprehensive Site Assessment
CSS/Station
Cliffside Steam Station (refers to actual power -generating facility)
Duke Energy Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
en
hydraulic aperture
FLASH
Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes
g
acceleration due to gravity
g gram
g/cm3 grams per cubic centimeter
gpm gallons per minute
GEL GEL Solutions
HPF heat pulse flowmeter
I.D. inner diameter
IMP Interim Monitoring Plan
Ka distribution coefficient
µ viscosity of water
µg/L micrograms per liter
µm microns
mm millimeters
n number of individual fractures in a flow layer
NCDENR North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
NTU nephelometric turbidity unit
Qw density of water
PVC polyvinyl chloride
Q flow rate
ro radius of influence
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LIST OF ACRONYMS (CONTINUED)
rw
radius of borehole
s
well drawdown
Site
Cliffside Steam Station (entire property)
SP
spontaneous potential
SPR
single point resistance
T
transmissivity
TD
total depth
U1-4 AB
Units 1-4 ash basin
U5 AB
Unit 5 inactive ash basin
USGS
United States Geological Survey
SynTerra
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report provides a detailed characterization of the bedrock near the ash basins at
Cliffside Steam Station (Cliffside, CSS, or Site) based on additional evaluation of
lineaments, the bedrock fracture system, and the bedrock matrix. The information in
this report supplements information presented in the Comprehensive Site Assessment
(CSA) Update (SynTerra, 2018). This report also supports the development of
groundwater remediation alternatives that are part of the Cliffside Corrective Action
Plan (CAP).
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2.0 LINEAMENT EVALUATION
To supplement the CSA bedrock characterization and support the CAP Update for the
ash basins Cliffside, SynTerra evaluated lineaments in the vicinity of the ash basins at
Cliffside. Lineaments are linear features at ground surface that might have resulted
from underlying bedrock fractures, fracture zones, faults, or other geologic structures
and might represent the approximate vicinity of preferential groundwater flow zones in
bedrock.
2.1 Imagery Selection
Aerial imagery and topographic survey information used for the lineament evaluation
met the following criteria:
• The image (1955 aerial) used for the evaluation was produced before the former
Units 1-4 ash basin (U1-4 AB) construction in 1957, Unit 5 inactive ash basin (U5
AB) construction in 1970, and the active ash basin (AAB) construction in 1975.
The 1959 topographic map used for the evaluation was produced before the U5
AB and AAB construction and after the U1-4 AB construction. The 1971
topographic map used for the evaluation was produced before the AAB
construction and before the U5 AB and U1-4AB construction.
• The scale and resolution are sufficiently detailed to identify apparent linear
features not caused by anthropogenic activity.
The following image and survey data were selected:
• Topographic survey — U.S. Geological Survey, 1959, USGS 1:24000-scale
Quadrangle for Chesnee, SC 1968: U.S. Geological Survey (western portion of
figure), and U.S. Geological Survey, 1971, USGS 1:24000-scale Quadrangle for
Boiling Springs, NC 1971: U.S. Geological Survey (eastern portion of figure)
(Figure 1A)
• Aerial photograph — March 30, 1955, photograph obtained from the United States
Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Explorer website at
http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov. (Figure 2A)
Note that the 1955 aerial photograph predated the realignment of Suck Creek prior to
AAB construction.
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2.2 Lineament Selection and Summary
As provided by USGS (Clark et al., 2016), the features used to identify lineaments for
this evaluation include:
• Linear topographic features
• Straight stream segments
• Aligned gaps in ridges
• Vegetation
Lineaments identified on the 1959 and 1971 topographic survey map are presented on
Figures 1B through 1D, and lineaments identified on the 1955 aerial photograph are
presented on Figures 2B through 2D. Lineament orientations from each image have
been summarized on a 360-degree compass rose diagram to identify general trends.
Observations from the topographic survey and aerial photograph review are
summarized as follows.
Active Ash Basin
1959 and 1971 Topographic Surveys (Figure 1B)
• 9 linear features identified
• No trend in orientation is observed
1955 USGS Aerial Photograph (Figure 2B)
• 9 linear features identified
• Primary group oriented southeast - northwest with 44 percent of the identified
lineaments between azimuths of 111 degrees and 133 degrees
• A secondary group of lineaments oriented south- north with 33 percent of the
identified lineaments between azimuths 156 degrees and 169 degrees
There is general agreement on 6 linear features identified with the topographic survey
and aerial photograph (approximately 67 percent).
These data indicate a weak trend lineament orientation of southeast - northwest, with
cross -cutting lineaments of various orientations in the vicinity of the AAB.
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Former Units 1-4 Ash Basin
1959 Topographic Survey (Figure IQ
• 10 linear features identified
• No trend in orientation observed
1955 USGS Aerial Photograph (Figure 2Q
• 9 linear features identified
• Primary group oriented south - north with 44 percent of the identified
lineaments between azimuths of 151 degrees and 173 degrees.
SynTerra
There is general agreement on 7 linear features identified with the topographic survey
and aerial photograph (approximately 78 percent).
These data indicate a weak trend lineament orientation of south - north, with cross-
cutting lineaments of various orientations in the vicinity of the U14 AB.
Unit 5 Inactive Ash Basin
1959 Topographic Survey (Figure 1D)
• 13 linear features identified
• Primary group oriented south - north with 69 percent of identified lineaments
between azimuths of 137 degrees and 211 degrees
• Secondary group oriented east - west with 23 percent of the identified
lineaments between azimuths of 65 degrees and 75 degrees
1955 USGS Aerial Photograph (Figure 2D)
• 12 linear features identified
• Primary group oriented southwest — northeast with 33 percent of the identified
lineaments between azimuths of 25 degrees and 47 degrees
There is general agreement on 10 linear features identified with the topographic survey
and aerial photograph (approximately 77 percent).
These data indicate a predominant lineament of south -north, with a secondary set of
cross -cutting lineaments oriented southwest - northeast.
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3.0 DEEP BEDROCK EVALUATION FIELD PROCEDURES AND
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Purpose
To refine the Site conceptual model in the areas near the ash basins and improve the
accuracy of model predictions being prepared for the CAP, additional bedrock wells
were installed adjacent to the ash basin dams. Additional data regarding the occurrence
of water -bearing fracture(s) and the presence or absence of constituents were obtained
to further refine the groundwater flow and transport model. Therefore, the scope of
work described below was implemented to evaluate deep bedrock groundwater quality
and refine the assumptions regarding hydraulic conductivity values, fracture
characteristics, and plume depths.
3.2 Drilling Methodology and Well Design
Two areas were evaluated near the AAB: one area at the former U14 AB and one area
at the U5 AB. A total of eight deep bedrock evaluation monitoring wells were installed
either as single wells, pairs, or clusters within these evaluation areas. Deep bedrock
evaluation locations are depicted on Figure 3.
Fieldwork was conducted in general accordance with the Deep Bedrock Well Installation
and Data Evaluation Work Plan, dated April 11, 2018. Prior to drilling activities,
subsurface utility scans were conducted in the area of the proposed borings. Monitoring
wells were installed in accordance with 15A NCAC 02C .0108 Standards of Construction:
Wells Other Than Water Supply. Geologic Exploration, LLC (Geologic) conducted
drilling operations under contract with Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke Energy). A
qualified scientist oversaw drilling and well installation. Boring advancement and well
design/installation were generally consistent at all of the deep bedrock evaluation
locations.
Pneumatic air hammer technology (air hammer) drilling techniques were used from
ground surface to top of rock at each location. These borings measured from 10 inches
to 12 inches in diameter based on air hammer tooling. A permanent 8-inch diameter,
schedule 40 flush joint threaded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) outer casing was installed,
"socketed" approximately 5 feet to 10 feet within competent bedrock. The casing was
fitted with a grout shoe seated into the top of rock and tremie-grouted into place. Air
hammer drilling with a nominal 7.75-inch bit continued through the outer surface
casing to the target depth. The target depth was approximately 30 feet below the screen
interval of the deepest adjacent monitoring well or borehole with constituent of interest
(COI) detections. After the boring reached its target depth, a 6-inch diameter, schedule
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40 flush joint threaded PVC inner casing was installed and tremie-grouted into place.
Schedule 80 PVC material was used on inner casings that exceeded approximately 100
feet in depth. After the grout cured (at least 24 hours), the borings were advanced via
air hammer drilling with a nominal 6-inch bit to a total depth (TD) of either
approximately 300 feet below ground surface (bgs) (GWA-21BRL, MW-11BRL, GWA-
64BRL, GWA-66BRL, GWA-11BRL, GWA-67BRL) or approximately 400 feet bgs (GWA-
65BRL and GWA-68BRL). Target depth intervals were initially determined by data
needs for flow and transport model calibration of vertical impact predictions and
refined in the field based on observations during drilling.
An exception to the well installation procedure described above occurred at GWA-
67BRL. At this location, 10.25-inch inner diameter (I.D.) hollow stem augers were used
to advance a 14-inch borehole until auger refusal was encountered. At this depth, a 10-
inch outer casing was installed and tremie-grouted in place through a grout shoe. Air
hammer drilling with a nominal 10-inch bit was used to install an 8-inch casing into the
top of rock, and then a 6-inch casing was installed to a depth lower than the existing
bedrock monitoring well at this location. Use of a hollow -stem auger and installation of
an additional surface casing was necessary at this location because an initial attempt at
advancing the borehole from ground surface using air hammer drilling resulted in
collapse of the upper portion of the borehole.
During the air hammer boring advancement below the 6-inch PVC casing, the field
scientist noted potential fractures based on driller observations and percussion hammer
frequency. Estimated yield of water -bearing zones was determined through downhole
circulation after approximately each 10-foot run. Upon determination of a potential
water -bearing fracture or fracture zone [yielding approximately 1 gallon per minute
(gpm) or more], a sample was collected by air -lifting formation water from the
borehole. The sample was screened for boron with a Hach TNT877 spectrophotometer.
Samples were field -filtered with a 0.45 micron (µm) filter to reduce influence of
turbidity (i.e., suspended solids) on screening results. The Hach TNT877 test kit detects
boron concentrations from 50 micrograms per liter (µg/L) to 2,500 µg/L. The presence
or absence of boron at depth is significant for refining groundwater model assumptions.
The North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A, Subchapter 02L, Groundwater
Classification and Standards (02L) for boron (700 µg/L) was considered during well
design.
Field boron screening results were considered during boring advancement. Screening
results represent a composite sample from the length of open borehole. Boron was
detected at concentrations greater than 50 µg/L in each of the borings; however, boron
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concentrations greater than 700 µg/L were not detected in any of the deep bedrock
borings. Vertical evaluation at each location was deemed complete when the proposed
TD was reached.
Upon reaching TD at each boring, geophysical logging was conducted using the
following downhole tools: acoustic televiewer, optical televiewer, caliper, fluid
conductivity, fluid temperature, single point resistance (SPR), spontaneous potential
(SP), and heat pulse flowmeter (HPF). HPF data were collected during non -pumping
(ambient) conditions and pumping conditions, except at GWA-21BRL, where flowing
artesian conditions were observed and only ambient flow HPF data were collected.
To construct the deep bedrock wells, with the exception of MW-11BRL, the bottom
portion of the open borehole was backfilled with a bentonite clay plug. The purpose of
backfilling was to facilitate well installation at the desired screened interval based on
field boron screening and geophysical logs. Well materials were suspended in a vertical
position from a lift ring to avoid casing deflection while the wells were constructed. At
MW-11BRL, no backfilling was required because the selected monitoring well screened
interval was at the bottom of the borehole.
Screen intervals were selected to bracket water -producing zones encountered during
drilling. Boron concentrations reported from the field screening process were also
considered when selecting screen depths. Each well consists of a 2-inch I.D. schedule 40
flush joint threaded 10-foot prepacked screen. Screens have 0.010-inch-wide slots and
were packed with a No. 2 sand filter pack. The annular space between the borehole
wall/inner casing and prepacked well screens for each of the wells was also filled with
No. 2 sand filter pack. The sand pack extends a minimum of 3 feet to 5 feet above the
top of the prepacked screen at each well. The well seal consists of at least 10 feet of
coated, pelletized bentonite.
Exceptions to the construction procedures are the screen length in GWA-66BRL and
screen diameter at GWA-21BRL. The well screen installed in GWA-66BRL is a 20-foot
prepacked screen. A longer screen length was installed at GWA-66BRL to capture
groundwater flow from multiple, minimal producing fractures. The well screen
installed in GWA-21BRL is a 4-inch I.D. schedule 40 flush joint threaded 10-foot
prepacked screen. A prepacked 4-inch well screen was constructed at GWA-21BRL
because of concerns about sand around a screen being washed out due to the high
pressure. A prepacked screen with a larger diameter ensures a more complete sand
filter pack around the well screen.
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The remainder of the annular space was filled to ground surface with Portland cement
grout. If the annulus was more than 100 feet long, grouting was conducted in lifts of
approximately 80 feet at a time.
Monitoring well construction was completed after installation of aboveground
aluminum protective casings, locking caps, and well tags. The protective covers were
secured and completed in a concrete collar and a minimum 2-square-foot concrete pad
with bollards.
3.3 Well Development
Installed monitoring wells were developed via air -lifting techniques with driller's
assistance (i.e., air compressor and tremie pipe). Some of the wells were further
developed via submersible pump (SS Mega Monsoon XL) and drop tubing that
extended to the total well depth. The drilling contractor developed the new deep
bedrock monitoring wells until water quality indicator parameters (e.g., conductivity,
pH, temperature) were generally stable and turbidity reached acceptable levels [10
nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs) or less]. The geologic logs, well installation
details, and development records — which include development method(s), water
volume removed, and field measurements of temperature, pH, conductivity, and
turbidity — are provided in Attachment A.
3.4 Hydraulic Conductivity Measurements
Slug tests were conducted at each screened interval after well completion. Multiple
falling and rising head tests were completed at seven of the eight deep bedrock wells.
Artesian conditions are present at GWA-21BRL; therefore, slug tests were not
conducted at this location. GWA-21BRL is located immediately downgradient of the
AAB downstream dam. Slug tests were performed in general accordance with
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4044-96 Standard Test Method
(Field Procedure) for Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic
Properties of Aquifers and in general accordance with North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) Performance and Analysis of Aquifer Slug
Test and Pumping Test Policy, dated May 31, 2007.
3.5 Deep Bedrock Groundwater Sampling
After well installation, development, and slug testing, groundwater was collected at
each well for a suite of chemistry analysis [Interim Monitoring Plan (IMP) parameter
list]. The wells were sampled after water quality parameters stabilized (per the Low
Flow Sampling Plan for Duke Energy Facilities, June 2015). Results indicate that
strontium, lithium, and manganese were detected at concentrations greater than their
background threshold values (BTVs). Strontium and lithium do not have 02L standards,
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and the manganese BTV is greater than the 02L standard and therefore is used as the
comparison criteria. Boron was detected at concentrations greater than the BTV but less
than the 02L standard during at least one sampling event for each well, with the
exception of GWA-11BRL, in which boron was not detected at concentrations greater
than the BTV during any sampling events. Analytical results for the eight deep bedrock
wells are presented in Table 1.
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4.0 BEDROCK FRACTURE EVALUATION METHODS
Deep bedrock borehole logging data were used to characterize depths of flow zones to
set targets for monitoring well screen placement, hydraulic conductivity, the hydraulic
apertures of fractures and fracture spacing, and the in -situ orientations of bedrock
fractures. These evaluations provide a comprehensive assessment of the bedrock
fracture system in support of the CAP.
4.1 Flow Profile Characterization
FLASH (Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes), a computer program developed by the
USGS, uses HPF data for ambient and pumping conditions to estimate transmissivity
profiles along single boreholes (Day -Lewis et al., 2011). FLASH software was used to
analyze the HPF data from the deep bedrock boreholes and generate a transmissivity
profile for each logged borehole. To produce a unique fit to the data, FLASH estimates
either transmissivity or radius of influence. All model iterations used an estimated
radius of influence of 1,000 feet. Calculated transmissivity results are relatively
insensitive to this parameter, but a conservatively large estimate was selected in order
to produce conservatively high estimates for transmissivity. The "objective function"
for the FLASH code incorporates the mean squared error between interpreted (from
borehole HPF data) and predicted flow profiles and the sum of squared differences
between the water level in the borehole and the far -field head. For each borehole, the
automated solver in FLASH ran until the objective function reached a minimum value.
Total transmissivity for each borehole was also calculated using the Thiem Equation for
steady-state flow to a well in a confined aquifer (Thiem, 1906):
Q (ro
T = 21c(s) In \ro
where T is transmissivity, Q is flow rate, s is drawdown, n is radius of influence, and rw
is the radius of the borehole. For boreholes with a Thiem-calculated transmissivity that
was greater than the FLASH estimated total transmissivity, the transmissivity values for
borehole intervals from FLASH were proportionally scaled up to produce a total
FLASH transmissivity equal to the transmissivity value calculated for the entire
borehole.
Results from FLASH analysis of the HPF data from the seven boreholes, in which HPF
data were collected under both pumping and ambient conditions, are presented in
detail in Attachment B. Transmissivity values for individual bedrock intervals were
divided by interval vertical length to calculate hydraulic conductivity values, which are
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illustrated versus depth below top of bedrock on Figure 4. Calculated deep bedrock
hydraulic conductivity values based on FLASH analysis range from approximately
0.004 feet per day to 110 feet per day, with one measurement of 0.0003 feet per day. In
general, bedrock hydraulic conductivity decreases with increasing depth below the top
of bedrock. For comparison, Figure 4 also shows hydraulic conductivity based on slug
test results for the completed deep bedrock monitoring wells, which were installed at
the depths of notable water -bearing zones. Although these data are fewer than the
extensive FLASH -based dataset, they fit within the upper portion of the overall data
distribution from FLASH analysis.
Most of deep bedrock borehole intervals did not indicate any notable transmissivity (or
hydraulic conductivity) based on HPF data; therefore, data related to those borehole
intervals are not included in this analysis. In addition, monitoring wells were installed
at depths interpreted to have the most significant water -bearing fractures. Therefore,
the overall hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock fracture system is less than suggested
by the data shown on Figure 4.
4.2 Fracture Hydraulic Apertures
Transmissivity data generated by FLASH were also used to estimate the average
hydraulic aperture (en) for individual bedrock intervals applying the local cubic law
(Steele, 2006):
12Tµ
eh =
FPW9n
where T is transmissivity, µ is the viscosity of water, pw is the density of water, g is the
acceleration due to gravity, and n is the number of individual fractures in the flow
layer. Bedrock fractures are rough, so fracture widths (apertures) vary at different
points within the fracture. The hydraulic aperture is the width of an idealized parallel -
plate opening with the same transmissivity as an actual, rough -walled fracture. It is
approximated by the geometric mean of the individual aperture values within the
fracture (Keller, 1998).
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Average hydraulic apertures were estimated for each deep bedrock borehole interval
with a transmissivity greater than zero. The number of fractures in each zone was
determined from the fracture summary table provided in the geophysical evaluation
report by GEL Solutions (Attachment C). Only "open major" and "open minor"
fractures identified by GEL were included in the fracture count for each zone; "closed"
fractures were excluded. For layers without any identified open fractures, but with
measurable transmissivity, it is assumed that one fracture was present.
Based on HPF data and FLASH analysis, estimated mean hydraulic apertures of
bedrock fractures at the Site range from approximately 0.02 millimeters (mm) to 1.15
mm (20 to 1,150 micrometers, or microns) (Figure 5). Figure 5 also shows fracture
apertures calculated based on slug test results from the completed deep bedrock
monitoring wells. The combined data set shows a general decline in aperture versus
depth below top of rock.
As noted, many of the bedrock borehole intervals logged using HPF did not indicate
any significant contribution to flow within the borehole. Most of these intervals had
interpreted open fractures but indicated negligible (approximately zero) transmissivity;
therefore, data from those intervals were not used in fracture aperture calculations.
Those depth intervals have hydraulic apertures near zero. This fracture aperture
evaluation represents only the most transmissive fractures within each logged bedrock
borehole. The overall apertures within the bedrock fracture system are less than
suggested by the data shown on Figure 5.
4.3 Fracture Spacing
Fracture spacing for each borehole interval was calculated by dividing the length of the
interval by the number of open fractures identified in that interval. For intervals that
had an estimated transmissivity of zero and where no open fractures were identified, it
was assumed that there were no fractures in that interval; therefore, no fracture spacing
was calculated for that interval.
Televiewer logging results (discussed below) from the combined dataset indicated
approximately 203 open fractures in 1,600 vertical feet of logging at the eight logged
bedrock boreholes, which indicates an overall average spacing of 7.9 feet (vertical
separation) between fractures. In addition, the frequency of dipping bedrock fractures
is greater than that indicated in vertical borehole data (Morin and others, 1997). Within
the investigated depth intervals, the bedrock at the Site is extensively fractured. As
indicated on the geophysical logs, fractures of various orientations often were identified
within short vertical intervals, indicating that fractures of various orientations intersect
one another and produce an overall, interconnected fracture network.
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Figure 6 shows the mean vertical spacing of open fractures in bedrock intervals
identified as relatively transmissive based on HPF logging; these intervals were
evaluated using FLASH software to calculate hydraulic apertures shown on Figure 5.
These data suggest that fracture spacing at the Site generally increases with depth
below the top of rock.
4.4 Fracture Orientation Plots and Statistics
GEL measured the orientations of in -situ bedrock fractures at eight deep bedrock
boreholes using a combination of optical televiewer and acoustic televiewer. Data are
summarized as bedrock fracture tables, stereonet plots, and rose diagrams of fracture
orientation statistics in Attachment C. GEL classified each identified fracture as either
"closed," "minor open," or "major open," which is based on flow logging or other
evidence. The two "open" classes were evaluated in terms of orientation; "closed"
fracture orientations were compared qualitatively.
Bedrock fracture orientations logged at the deep bedrock boreholes support the
following general observations:
• In the vicinity of the AAB, most of the fractures identified based on televiewer
logging strike toward the east-northeast and dip gently to moderately toward the
north-northwest (e.g., GWA-21BRL, GWA-64BRL, GWA-66BRL). However, at
MW-11BRL, relatively few open fractures were identified, and those were nearly
horizontal. Also, GWA-65BRL showed multiple cross -cutting fractures with no
notable trend.
• In the vicinity of the U1-4 AB, fracture orientations are highly variable, with no
preferential orientation (e.g., GWA-11BRL).
• In the vicinity of the U5 AB, multiple cross -cutting fractures with no
predominant trend were identified at GWA-67BRL. At GWA-68BRL, most
logged fractures strike to the northwest and dip gently to steeply toward the
northeast.
Page 4-4

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station SynTerra
Cross -sections presented on Figures 7A through 713, which were originally presented in
the CSA Update (SynTerra, 2018), have been updated to illustrate the deep bedrock
boreholes, hydraulic heads, boron concentrations, and generalized fracture orientations
as identified based on televiewer data. Figure 7A shows a cross-section through the
AAB and includes monitoring wells GWA-64BRL and GWA-21BRL where televiewer
logging was performed. Bedrock fractures at these locations strike toward the east-
northeast and dip gently toward the north-northwest, as illustrated conceptually on
Figure 7A. Figure 7B is a cross-section through the AAB and includes monitoring wells
GWA-65BRL and GWA-66BRL where televiewer logging was performed. The western
end of the this cross section shows no preferential fracture orientation based on the
televiewer log from GWA-65BRL, which showed multiple cross -cutting fractures with
various orientations and no predominant fracture set. The remainder of the cross-
section shows fractures with a predominantly westward component based on the
televiewer data from GWA-66BRL, which showed mainly northwest dipping fractures.
In combination, Figures 7A and 7B show that the predominant, interpreted fracture
orientation beneath most of the AAB is a dip direction toward the north-northwest and
strike toward the east-northeast.
Figure 7C is a cross-section through the U1-4 AB and includes monitoring well GWA-
11BRL where televiewer logging was performed. As noted above, in -situ bedrock
fractures at this location lacked a predominant orientation; thus, the conceptually
depicted fractures on Figure 7C also lack any preferential orientation. Figure 7D is a
cross-section through the U5 AB and includes monitoring well GWA-67BRL and GWA-
68BRL where televiewer logging was performed. The southwest portion of this cross
section shows a variety of fracture orientations, with fractures predominantly at an
elevation of approximately 525 feet, based on televiewer logging results at GWA-
67BRL. The northeast portion of the cross-section shows fractures with a northeast
component of dip, and fractures predominantly at an elevation of approximately 525
feet, based on the televiewer logging results from GWA-68BRL(Figure 713).
These cross -sections have 5x vertical exaggeration, so the illustrated predominant
fracture dip is greater than the actual dip within the plan of the cross-section. In each
case, the predominant fracture apparent dip within the plane of the cross-section was
evaluated before applying vertical exaggeration. In general, the relative lengths of
fractures shown on the cross -sections decrease with depth to illustrate, at a conceptual
level, that the degree of overall fracturing generally decreases with depth. However, the
lengths and spacing of fractures are conceptual and qualitative. As noted above, the
overall average vertical spacing between open fractures is 7.9 feet; therefore, fractures at
the Site are too numerous to illustrate on the cross -sections. In -situ fracture lengths are
Page 4-5

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station SynTerra
impractical to measure, but Gale (1982) suggested that typical fracture lengths might be
on the order of 3 to 4 times the fracture spacing.
4.5 Summary of Bedrock Fracture Characteristics
Overall, the bedrock hydraulic conductivity near the ash basins decreases with
increasing depth below the top of rock (Figure 4). This observation even applies to
boreholes GWA-67BRL and GWA-68BRL, which indicated depth intervals with
preferential fracturing at elevations of approximately 425 and 525 feet. This finding is
consistent with the literature. Gale (1982) showed that bedrock well yield and fracture
permeability decrease systematically as a function of depth. Neretnieks (1985) also
showed a systematic decline in bulk bedrock hydraulic conductivity with increasing
depth.
Overall, calculated fracture apertures decrease with increasing depth in the deep
bedrock (Figure 5). This finding is also consistent with information reported in the
literature. Snow (1968) published fracture aperture as a function of depth for several
rock types, including crystalline rocks such as granite, gneiss, and schist, and concluded
that fracture apertures generally decrease with increasing depth. With increasing
depth, the weight of the overlying rock increases. This increases the effective stress and
causes the fracture walls to deform and flatten, reducing fracture apertures with
increasing depth.
Fracture spacing in the logged intervals of the bedrock generally increases with depth
below the top of rock (Figure 6). This indicates a general decline in fracture frequency
with depth below the top of rock.
4.6 Implications of Bedrock Fracture Network for Groundwater
Flow
Based on the predominant orientations of lineaments and bedrock fractures, general
interpretations can be made regarding the potential for preferential flow directions.
North of the AAB, the predominant strike of bedrock fractures is toward the east-
northeast. However, most of the logged fractures in that area have relatively gentle dip
angles. In addition, the lineaments in that area have variable orientations, with a central
tendency of approximately north-northwest; therefore, preferential flow (anisotropy) in
the horizontal plane in this area is likely to be weak. The overall groundwater flow
direction is interpreted to be approximately parallel to the hydraulic gradient (i.e.,
northward toward the Broad River). In the area west of the AAB, fracture orientations
are highly variable (GWA-65BRL) or strike toward the east-northeast/west-southwest,
and dip gently to steeply toward the north-northwest (GWA-66BRL). In this area,
Page 4-6

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station
SynTerra
horizontal groundwater flow in the bedrock might have a slight anisotropy toward the
east-northeast or west-southwest.
In the vicinity of U1-4 AB, horizontal groundwater flow within the bedrock also would
not be expected to show a significant preferential orientation, because fractures in those
areas do not indicate a significant preferential orientation. Thus, bedrock groundwater
in the U1-4 AB area is expected to flow in the direction of the hydraulic gradient, which
is northeastward toward the Broad River
Near U5 AB, fracture orientations are highly variable (GWA-67BRL) or strike toward
the north-northwest, and dip gently to steeply toward the east-northeast (GWA-68BRL).
Lineaments in this area have variable orientations, with a central tendency of
approximately north. Thus, bedrock groundwater in this area is expected to flow in the
general direction of the hydraulic gradient, which is to the north or north-northwest
toward the Broad River.
The observed decline in bedrock hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic aperture with
increasing depth is consistent with expectations based on the Snow (1968) and indicates
that the overall volumetric rate of groundwater flow in the bedrock decreases with
depth. Thus, although boron has been detected in groundwater at depths up to 330 feet
below the top of bedrock (54.6 µg/L in GWA-68BRL, adjacent to the U5 AB dam), at that
depth the overall mass flux of boron in the bedrock fractures is considerably less than
that of the more permeable, shallower bedrock.
Page 4-7

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station SynTerra
5.0 BEDROCK MATRIX CHARACTERISTICS
Bedrock rock core samples were collected and analyzed by Core Laboratories (Core
Labs) for porosity, bulk density, and thin section petrography. Data provided by Core
Labs can be used to evaluate the potential influence of matrix diffusion and sorption on
constituent fate and transport within the fractured bedrock system.
5.1 Sample Selection
Eight rock core samples were selected from seven locations: GWA-31BR, AS-8BR, CCR-
IB-3BR, CCR-U5-4BR, CCR-12BR, AS-7BR, and AB-1BRO (Figure 3). Samples were
chosen from discrete portions of rock core with the most notable weathering of fracture
surfaces, as these are interpreted to coincide with zones of preferential groundwater
flow. Sample locations and depth intervals were:
• GWA-31BR:
o 9 feet bgs
• AS-8BR:
o 60 feet bgs
• CCR-IB-3BR:
o 60 feet bgs
• CCR-U5-4BR:
o 69 feet bgs
• CCR-12BR:
o 106 feet bgs
• AS-7BR:
o 112 feet bgs
• AB-1BRO:
0 137 feet bgs
0 168 feet bgs
Page 5-1

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station SynTerra
5.2 Matrix Porosity and Bulk Density
Core Laboratories prepared samples by pulling 1-inch diameter plugs drilled into the
rock core and trimming into right cylinders with a diamond -blade trim saw. Samples
were then cleaned by Soxhlet extraction and oven -dried at 240' F to weight equilibrium
[+/- 0.001 gram (g)].
Rock core samples were analyzed for porosity using Boyle's Law technique by
measuring grain volume and pore volume at ambient conditions. Grain density values
were calculated by direct measurement of grain volume and weight on the dried plug
samples. Grain volume was measured by Boyle's Law technique.
Results from the matrix porosity and bulk density analysis are presented in Table 2.
The reported matrix porosity values ranged from 0.62 percent to 4.87 percent, with an
average of 1.59 percent. Bulk density ranged from 2.593 grams per cubic centimeter
(g/cm3) to 2.783 g/cm3, with an average of 2.701 g/cm3.
5.3 Petrographic Evaluation
Thin sections were prepared by impregnating the samples with epoxy to augment
cohesion and to prevent loss of material during grinding. Each thinly sliced sample
was mounted on a slide and ground to an approximate thickness of 30 µm. Thin
sections were stained to aid in mineral identification and analyzed using standard
petrographic techniques. The thin section petrographic evaluation results are presented
in Attachment D.
Core Labs classified all samples as igneous rocks. Based on the relative abundances of
minerals (i.e., quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase), the igneous rocks were classified
as tonalite and granite. The principal minerals are plagioclase, quartz, K-feldspar,
biotite, and muscovite. Accessory minerals consist of pyrite, zircon, apatite, magnetite,
epidote, garnet, pyroxene, and sphene. All samples showed some degree of alteration.
Plagioclase crystals are heavily altered into sericite/illitic clays in several samples. Rare
to minor biotite crystals are altered into chlorite and rare Fe-dolomite/dolomite is
present in a few samples.
Page 5-2

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station SynTerra
5.4 Implications of Bedrock Matrix Characteristics for Flow and
Transport
The reported matrix porosity values are within the range of those reported for
crystalline rocks in the literature (Freeze and Cherry, 1979; Lofgren, 2004; Zhou and
others, 2008; Ademeso and others, 2012). The presence of measurable matrix porosity
suggests that matrix diffusion contributes to plume retardation at the Site (Lipson and
others, 2005). In addition, the identification of sericite (a mixture of muscovite, illite, or
paragonite produced by hydrothermal alteration of feldspars) in several samples
indicates the bedrock has some capacity to sorb boron and other elements associated
with coal ash. The influences of matrix diffusion and sorption are implicitly included in
the groundwater flow and transport model as a component of the constituent partition
coefficient (Kd) term used for the bedrock layers model.
Page 5-3

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation
December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station SynTerra
6.0 REFERENCES
Ademeso, O.A., J.A. Adekoya and B.M. Olaleye. 2012. The Inter -relationship of Bulk
Density and Porosity of Some Crystalline Basement Complex Rocks: A Case
Study of Some Rock Types In Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Vol.
2, No. 4, pp. 555-562
Clark, S.F., Moore, R.B., Ferguson, E.W., Picard, M.Z. 2016. "Criteria and Methods for
Fracture Trace Analysis of the New Hampshire Bedrock Aquifer." U.S.
Geological Survey Open File Report 96-479.
Day -Lewis, F.D., C.D. Johnson, F.L. Paillet, and K.J. Halford, March 7, 2011. FLASH: A
Computer Program for Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes. Computer software.
Version 1.0. U.S. Geological Survey.
Duke Energy, June 10, 2015. Low Flow Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Facilities, Ash
Basin Groundwater Assessment Program, North Carolina.
Freeze, R.A. and J.A. Cherry. 1979. Groundwater. Prentice -Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey. 604 p.
Gale, J.E. 1982. Assessing the permeability characteristics of fractured rock. Geological
Society of America Special paper 189.
Keller, A., 1998. High -resolution, non-destructive measurement and characterization of
fracture apertures. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 35(8), pp. 1037-1050.
Lipson, D.S, B.H. Kueper and M.J. Gefell. 2005. Matrix diffusion -derived plume
attenuation in fractured bedrock. Ground Water, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 30-39.
L6fgren, M. 2004. Diffusive properties of granitic rock as measured by in -situ electrical
methods. Doctoral Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Morin, R.H., G.B. Carleton, and S. Poirier. 1997. Fractured -Aquifer Hydrogeology from
Geophysical Logs; The Passaic Formation, New Jersey. Ground Water, 35(2), 328-
338.
Neretnieks, I. 1985. Transport in fractured rocks. Hydrology of Rocks of Low
Permeability. Memoirs. International Association of Hydrogeologists, v. XVII,
part 1 of 2, pp. 301-318.
Page 6-1

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation
December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station
SynTerra
Snow, D.T. 1968. Rock fracture spacings, openings, and porosities." J. Soil Mech. Found.
Div., Proc. Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs., v. 94, pp. 73-91.
Steele, A., D.A. Reynolds, B.H. Kueper, and D.N. Lerner. "Field determination of
mechanical aperture, entry pressure and relative permeability of fractures using
NAPL injection." Geotechnique 56, no. 1 (2006): 27-38.
SynTerra. 2018. Comprehensive Site Assessment Update — Cliffside Steam Station —
January 2018. Mooresboro, NC.
Thiem, G. 1906. Hydrologische methoden. Leipzig: Gebhardt.
Zhou, Q., H.H. Liu and F.J. Molz. 2008. Field -scale effective matrix diffusion coefficient
for fractured rock: results from literature survey. Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory. https:Hescholarship.org/uc/item/3dw5c7ff.
Page 6-2

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation
December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station
TABLES
SynTerra

TABLE 1
DEEP BEDROCK ANALYTICAL RESULTS
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
DUKE ENERGY CAROLINAS, LLC, MOORESBORO, NC
Analytical Parameter
pH
Arsenic
Boron
Chromium
(VI)
Chromium
Cobalt
Iron
Lithium
Manganese
Strontium
Sulfate
Thallium
Total
Dissolved
Solids
Total
Radium
Total
Uranium
Vanadium
Reporting Units
S.U.
Ng/L
Ng/L
Ng/L
Ng/L
Ng/L
Ng/L
Ng/L
Ng/L
Ng/L
mg/L
Ng/L
mg/L
pCi/L
Ng/mL
Ng/L
15A NCAC 02L Standard
6.5-8.5
10
700
10
10
1*
300
NE
50
NE
250
0.2*
500
5A
0.03A
0.3*
Background Threshold Values (Bedrock Unit)
4.5-7.5
1
50
0.7
3
2
7680
11
113
93
17
0.2
120
3
0.0005
1
Sample ID
Screen Interval
(ft bgs)
Sample
Collection Date
Analytical Results
GWA-11BRL
171 - 181
02/21/2019
8.8
NA
29.238 j
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
GWA-11BRL
171 - 181
04/30/2019
8.3
1.1
<50
<0.025
0.44 j,S1
0.4
300
7.1
19.1
227
11.1
<0.1
205 S1
1.88
0.0027
1.8
GWA-21BRL
125 - 135
02/21/2019
7.2
<1
230
<0.025
<1
<1
4550
7
753
275
2.3
<0.2
260
4.5
<0.0002
<0.3
GWA-21BRL
125 - 135
04/30/2019
7.2
0.36
196
<0.025
<0.5
0.15
2490
12.5
571
258
<1
<0.1
276 S1
2.38
0.00013 j
0.32
GWA-64BRL
225 - 235
03/01/2019
7.1
0.761 j
239
<0.025
0.341 j
<1
7690
10
648
504
28
<0.2
330
3.9
0.00174
0.157 j
GWA-64BRL
225 - 235
05/01/2019
8.5
0.47
232
<0.025 M1
<0.5
0.14
3660
76.9
503
368
14.1
<0.1
365
2.54
0.00044 j
<0.3
GWA-65BRL
350 - 360
02/20/2019
12.8
NA
83
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
GWA-65BRL
350- 360
05/01/2019
11.1
1
43.4 j
NA
1.7 S1
0.38
921
131
16.3
495
NA
<0.1
NA
NA
0.00052
3.4
GWA-66BRL
254 - 274
02/20/2019
7.9
<1
395
<0.025
0.486 j
<1
1280
44
282
372
19
<0.2
270
6.3
0.000101 j
<0.3
GWA-66BRL
254 - 274
05/01/2019
7.0
0.11
410
<0.025
<0.5
0.18
1680
13.6
316
417
15.9
<0.1
313
7.97
0.00019 j
<0.3
GWA-67BRL
170 - 180
02/21/2019
7.5
0.361 j
158
<0.025
<1
<1
2470
10
210
208
79
<0.2
240
3.68
0.00179
0.478 S1
GWA-67BRL
170 - 180
05/01/2019
7.2
0.061 j
107
<0.025
<0.5
0.12
1180
7.5
184
139
72.6
<0.1
241 S1
2.26 U
0.0001 j
<0.3
GWA-68BRL
350 - 360
02/22/2019
7.9
<1
81
0.094
0.347 j
<1
122
11
97
391
98
<0.2
300
1.45
0.00352
0.947
GWA-68BRL
350- 360
05/01/2019
7.6
0.27
54.6
<0.025
<0.5
0.12
430
6.9
135
221
92.6
<0.1
304
1.53 U
0.00036 j
0.2 j
MW-11BRL
295-305
03/01/2019
NM
NA
51
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
MW-11BRL
295 - 305
05/01/2019
10.8
0.22
38.3 j
0.031
0.69 S1
<0.1
<50
31.4
<5
112
10
<0.1
178 S1
0.519 U
<0.0005
1.1
Notes•
- Turbidity of Sample >_ 10 NTUs
Background Threshold Values updated with Background Results through December 2018.
A - Federal Maximum Contaminant Level.
* - Interim Maximum Allowable Concentrations (IMACs) of the 15A NCAC 02L Standard, Appendix 1, April 1, 2013.
< - concentration not detected at or above the adjusted reporting limit.
Ng/L - micrograms per liter
pg/mL - microgram per milliliter
ft bgs - feet below ground surface
j - Estimated concentration above the adjusted method detection limit and below the adjusted reporting limit.
M1 - Matrix spike recovery was high: the associated Laboratory Control Spike (LCS) was acceptable.
mg/L - milligrams per liter
NA - Not available or Not applicable
NE - Not established
NM - Not measured
NTUs - Nephelometric Turbidity Units
pCi/L - picocuries per liter
S.U. - Standard Units
S1 - Data review findings indicate result may be unreliable. Use with caution.
U - Analyte was analyzed for, but not detected above the Minimum Detectable Concentration
Prepared by: PWA Checked by: GRK
Page 1 of 1

TABLE 2
POROSITY AND BULK DENSITY RESULTS
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
DUKE ENERGY CAROLINAS, LLC, MOORESBORO, NC
Sample ID
Depth
(ft)
Porosity
(%)
Grain Density
(g/Cm3)
Bulk Density
(g/Cm3)
AB-1BRO
137
2.34
2.799
2.736
AB-1BRO
168
1.01
2.615
2.593
AS-7BR
112
0.88
2.746
2.724
AS-8BR
60
0.94
2.683
2.662
CCR-12BR
106
4.87
2.757
2.648
CCR-IB-3BR
60
0.85
2.729
2.712
CCR-U5-4BR
69
1.19
2.814
2.783
GWA-31BR
9
0.62
2.761
2.747
Prepared by: PWA Checked by: CMH
Notes:
1. 1.0" diameter plugs were drilled and trimmed into right cylinders with a diamond -blade trim saw.
2. Plugs selected for routine core analysis were cleaned by Soxhlet extraction cycling between a chloroform /methanol (87:13)
azeotrope and methanol.
3. Samples were oven dried at 2400 F to weight equilibrium (+/- 0.001 g).
4. Porosity was determined using Boyle's Law technique by measuring grain volume & calculating pore volume at ambient
conditions.
5. Grain density values were calculated using Boyle's Law technique by direct measurement of grain volume and weight on
dried plug samples.
6. ft - feet
7. g/cm3 - gram per cubic centimeter
8 % - percent
Page 1of1

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation
December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station
FIGURES
SynTerra

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DUKE 600GR0APHICSC600 1200 FIGURE 1A
ENERGY IN FEET USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP WITHOUT LINEAMENTS
CAROLINAS DRAWN BY., J. CHASTAIN DATE:12/11/2019 FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
REVISED BY: DATE:- CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
CHECKED BY: T. GRANT DATE:12/11/2019
1610 APPROVED BY: P. ALTMAN DATE: 12/11/2019 MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER 1971 BOILING SPRINGS SOUTH NC &
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USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP WITH LINEAMENTS
ACTIVE ASH BASIN
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
DRAWN BY.,J.CHASTAIN DATE:12/10/2019
REVISED CHECKED BY: DATE:-
CHECKED BY: T. GRANT DATE: 12/10/2019
PROJECAPPROVT DATE:12/10/2019
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FIGURE 1C
USGS TOPOGRAPHIC WITH LINEAMENTS
UNITS 1-4 ASH BASIN
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

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DUKE 400 GR0APHICSC400 800 FIGURE 1D
ENERGY IN FEET USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAP WITH LINEAMENTS
CAROLINAS DRAWN BY.,J.CHASTAIN DATE:12/11/2019 UNIT 5 INACTIVE ASH BASIN
REVISED CHECKED BY: DATE:- FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CHECKED BY: T. GRANT LTM DATE: 12/11/2019
APPROVED MANAGER:
R: S. SPINNER
DATE: 12/11/201941, CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
synTeira www.synterracorp.com
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

o �
a
oP
yQ.
'1 6ROgoR �FR y;- FUTURE BROAD RIVER
UNITS 1-4
ASH BASIN
I FUTURE UNIT 5 INACTIVE ASH BASIN r A 1
x FUTUREACTIVE ASH BASIN
` FUTURE WASTE BOUNDARY
\♦ r ��. T SUCK CREEK r'
ow
t PARCEL BOUNDARY
V
1
1 / �
� 7
9-
SOURCE:
MARCH 30, 1955 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OBTAINED FROM THE USGS EARTH EXPLORER WEB SITE AT �'// �:^ ✓ �-?A �l%•
http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
40)
DUKE 600GR0APHICSC600 1200 FIGURE 2A
ENERGY IN FEET 1955 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH WITHOUT
CAROLINAS DRAWN BY., J I CHASTAIN DATE:12/10/2019 LINEAMENT
REVISED CHECKED BY: DATE:- FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CHECKED BY: T. GRANT LTM DATE: 12/10/2019
PROJECAPPROVT
MANAGER:
DATE:12/10/2019 CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
synTeira www.synterracorp.com
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

a
o�
kz
l
601
\
..
BROAD RIVER
FUTURE ACTIVE
ASH BASIN
F `J�
LINEAMENT ORIENTATION
• \ SUMMARY
RANGE OF SECONDARY
/\ 3/9=33.3 % ORIENTATIONS
A 0°
A
RANGE OF 180° a
SOURCE: '� �� PREDOMINANT
MARCH 30, 1955 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OBTAINED FROM THE USGS EARTH EXPLORER WEB SITE AT • qo ORIENTATIONS
http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
40)
DUKE 500 GR0APHICSC500 1000 FIGURE 2B
ENERGY IN FEET 1955 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH WITH LINEAMENTS
CAROLINAS DRAWN BY:J.CHASTAIN DATE:12/7/201916 REVISED ACTIVE ASH BASIN
CHECKED BY: DATE:- FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
1 CHECKED BY: P. ALTMAN DATE: 12/7/2019
APPROVPROJECT
MANAGER:
GRANTR:S.S DATE:12/7/2019 CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
synTelra r www.synterracorp.com
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

F
14 ASH BASIN
LINEAMENT ORIENTATION
SUMMARY
r 0.
w"' e
FUTURE WASTE BOUNDARY
4 270° 90°
SOURCE:
MARCH 30, 1955 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OBTAINED
FROM THE USGS EARTH EXPLORER WEB SITE AT
http.,//earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
DUKE
40)
400 SCALE
ENERGY
IN FEET
CAROLINAS
DRAWN BY: J. CHASTAIN DATE:1
REVISED BY: - DATE: -
CHECKED BY: P.DATE: 1
APPROVED BY: T.. GRANT GRANT DATE: 1
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
synTerra
r www.synterracorp.com
,a0°W
RANGE OF
PREDOMINANT
ORIENTATIONS
800 FIGURE 2C
1955 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH WITH LINEAMENTS
2/7/2019 UNITS 1-4 ASH BASIN
2/7/2019 FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
2/7/2019 CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

�-IIIIIIIIIIII
IN
FUTURE UNIT 5
INACTIVE ASH BASIN
•R3w�
MARCH 30, 1955 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OBTAINED FROM THE USGS EARTH EXPLORER WEB SITE AT
http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
DUKE GRAPHIC SCALE
-.-.0
LINEAMENT ORIENTATION
SUMMARY
0.
ti
p'1
1
�y
ry�h
y
180°
p�,
RANGE OF PREDOMINANT
ORIENTATIONS
90°
aoo o aoo 80
0
FIGURE 2D
ENERGY IN FEET 1955 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH WITH LINEAMENTS
CAROLINAS DRAWN BY:J.CHASTAIN DATE:12/11/2019 UNIT 5 INACTIVE ASH BASIN
REVISED CHECKED BY DATE:- FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CHECKED ALTMAN RANT DATE: 12/11/2019
APPROVED
OJECTM MANAGER:
DATE:12/11/2019161, CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
synTeira r www.synterracorp.com
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

s
• Fb--�
r.
wol
All
♦
i
i
i
-.i
� LEGEND
• Q ROCK CORE SAMPLE LOCATIONS
• Q DEEP BEDROCK EVALUATION LOCATION
r-
ASH BASIN WASTE BOUNDARY
i- — • ASH BASIN COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY
ASH STORAGE AREA/ LANDFILL BOUNDARY
ILANDFILL COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY
! — - DUKE ENERGY CAROLINAS PROPERTY LINE
' I STREAMS (AMEC NRTR)
• / �♦ � I /� WETLAND (AMEC NRTR)
NOTES:
♦1
\
1. THE WATERS OF THE US DELINEATION HAS NOT BEEN APPROVED BY THE
US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS AT THE TIME OF THE MAP CREATION. THIS MAP
IS NOT TO BE USED FOR JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION PURPOSES. THE
WETLANDS AND STREAMS BOUNDARIES WERE OBTAINED FROM STREAM AND
/' DUKE 400 0RAPHIC SCLE
400 800
4 ENERGY
CAROLINA'- (IN FEET(
DRAWN BY: C. DAVIS DATE: 05/03/2019
REVISED BY:DAVIS DATE: 12/18/2019
CHECKED BY:: T. GRANT DATE: 12/18/2019
APPROVED BY: T. GRANT DATE: 12/18/2019
synTerra PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
www.synterracorp.com
WETLAND DELINEATION CONDUCTED BY AMEC FOSTER WHEELER ENVIRONMENTAL
AND INFRASTRUCTURE, INC. JUNE 2015.
2. NRTR - NATURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT
3. PROPERTY BOUNDARY PROVIDED BY DUKE ENERGY CAROLINAS.
4. ALL BOUNDARIES ARE APPROXIMATE.
5. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY OBTAINED FROM NORTH CAROLINA ONE MAP ON
DECEMBER 17, 2019. IMAGE COLLECTED ON FEBRUARY 25. 2019.
6. DRAWING HAS BEEN SET WITH A PROJECTION OF NORTH CAROLINA STATE
PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM FIPS 3200 (NAD83).
FIGURE 3
DEEP BEDROCK EVALUATION LOCATIONS
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVLAUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

T
3
,3
T
x
1.0E+03
1.0E+02
1.0E+01
1.0E+00
1.0E-02
1.0E-03
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Depth (Feet Below Top of Rock)
NOTES:
1. FLASH hydraulic conductivity values calculated from FLASH
estimated transmissivity values.
2. SLUG hydraulic conductivity values estimated from slug
test data.
t. DUKE
ENERGY
DRAWN BY: P.ALTMAN
REVISED BY: P. ALTMAN
CHECKED BY:
_1NA5
APPROVED BY: S. SPINNER
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
,116'
synTena
DATE: 10/11/2019
DATE:10/29/2019
DATE:11/04/2019
www.synterracorp.com
• GWA-11BRL FLASH
OGWA-11BRL SLUG
• GWA-64BRL FLASH
OGWA-64BRL SLUG
• GWA-65BRL FLASH
OGWA-65BRL SLUG
• GWA-66BRL FLASH
OGWA-66BRL SLUG
• GWA-67BRL FLASH
OGWA-67BRL SLUG
• GWA-68BRL FLASH
OGWA-68BRL SLUG
• MW-116RL FLASH
O MW-11BRL SLUG
400
FIGURE 4
HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
VERTICAL PROFILES
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

1.4
1.2
1.0
E
£ 0.8
v
0.4
O
O
O
• 0 0
0 •
• O
• ••
O
• 0 • O
• 0 • O
a• • • r Q0 • 000 00
0.0 •�
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Depth (Feet Below Top of Rock)
NOTES:
1. FLASH hydraulic aperture values calculated from FLASH
estimated transmissivity values.
2. SLUG hydraulic aperture values estimated from slug test
data.
�. DUKE
ENERGY
DRAWN BY: P.ALTMAN
REVISED BY: P. ALTMAN
CHECKED BY:
_1NA5
APPROVED BY: S. SPINNER
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
t'
synTem
DATE:10/11/2019
DATE:10/29/2019
DATE:11/04/2019
www.synterracorp.com
•GWA-11BRL FLASH
OGWA-11BRL SLUG
•GWA-64BRL FLASH
OGWA-64BRL SLUG
•GWA-65BRL FLASH
OGWA-65BRL SLUG
•GWA-66BRL FLASH
OGWA-66BRL SLUG
•GWA-67BRL FLASH
OGWA-67BRL SLUG
•GWA-68BRL FLASH
OGWA-68BRL SLUG
• MW-11BRL FLASH
OMW-11BRLSLUG
400
FIGURE 5
HYDRAULIC APERTURE
VERTICAL PROFILES
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

25.0
20.0
v
15.0
v
LL
ao
c
U
m
a
V1
v
L
V
m
L 10.0
5.0
0.0
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Depth (Feet Below Top of Rock)
NOTES: DUKE DRAWN BY: P.ALTMAN DATE:10/11/2019
REVISED BY: P. ALTMAN DATE: 10/29/2019
1. Fracture spacing data shown above are specific to relatively R ENERGY CHECKED BY:
transmissive bedrock intervals identified based on HPF logging _iNAS APPROVED BY: S.SPINNER DATE:11/04/2019
and FLASH analysis.
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
2. Fracture spacing calculated by dividing the length of the t'
interval by the number of open fractures identified in that
interval. I synTem www.synterracorp.com
400
450
*AB-10BRL
GWA-36RL
•GWA-4BRL
• GWA-5BRL
GWA-66RL
FIGURE 6
FRACTURE SPACING
VERTICAL PROFILES
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

A - AS
(SOUTH) (NORTH)
ACTIVE ASH BASIN —
POSSIBLE RADIAL GROUNDWATER FLOW
IN THIS AREA
Qn
800
W G
g7(pMOro 17-
3�AgR aaaaaa
750
700
<50 /ii` / I!\ ��\ / �� /�i`, I� \ ��\ / �� / 1\ 71: ��\ / ��i -\ \i \ / - 1 i -\ \ i♦ -�r� / - _\' \ ��
\ / - l i `_ l i \ \ / i \\ ♦ l / / - l \ 1 / \r ` / / \1 - BROAD RIVER G0
I`719.10'
co
<50662.82' c-_ 657 --
\ ' / �. \ -_\' / - - 1 ' / - \ - \ T - - \' / - \ - 1' / - \ ' / - - \' / - 1 ' / 75985•� / - / 1 \ r-1., \ / \ / 1 / I / \ i l / . `i \ / I / \ - 15
sso
8810/\,
1/`
.397
\/♦s/I_\``/li\-\�`/I_\/;�`/li\/\�\/I_�/i�/Ii \li\ L\/i\/li \li\ I_\/i ���li\\ -l`y \ `/- I 1 \/- i712.4a'_\��/ /--\ �/. �i
600
BEDROC0
,)i'A�s \\' /\\/ I � \` � ��. /I � \qi �\\/ I � \`� ��. /I � \�i �` ��i � \` � �`. /I � \� i �\\r11� \�// I � \ i l \`/\I / 1 � � \ / \1 / 1 � / � �`\ /I � \` �-w1%L �\ lr..\ �I � `` \ � ` /I
�F ` � `� , `I ' _� ,; ,\1' /�` \ i � 1 � �/ i \I \ ' � ! ���4 ' / i \\1 \/ i l \l \/ \ \ \1 y IT �\ \ 1 i /� 1 \Lu
/1� -1'/�-��Y►i�1'/ -� �� 1'/�-� \ \\'//1�1� 550
BEDROCK/I/\`i/\/I/\ i/\\/I/\`���/1�-���/\-1'/-/\-\'/-/\-1'/-�\-\'/
/1\/\I/1\/\1/1/\/\I/\`\/\I/1/\/\I��'\/\1/1/\/\I/1\/\1/1j�\/\I/1��I rC\�i`/I/``��\/I/\ /I \\�iI-\\'i /I/\\}�A`/I/\ Ill
\`/\`/\`/ I/ \ i l \\/ I� / i/ \\/ I/ \ i l \`/ I� l i l \`/ I/ \ i l \`/ I� l i l \`/ I/\ i t \\/ I� \/ i �\` /I i\ 1 � `� /i I/ l i\\ /� 1/ 1 ��� /i I/ l i\\/ ♦I / 1 � i\ /i I/ 1 i,\ /i I/\% i
500
\-
I/1�/\/\I/1``\/�I/1�/\/\1/1``\/\1/1�/\/\1/1��\/\I/1�/\/\I/1``\/\1/1�/\/\1/1``\/\1/\�/\/\I/1\`�\/\1/1///I/\i/\\/I�\`��\/I/\i/\\/I
\�� ``/ ``/ ``/
' \FRACTURES CONCEPTUALLY DEPICTED ON THIS CROSS SECTION REPRESENT GENERALIZED - it / ` _ \ �1 / \ / - \ i1 \ / \ _ \ �1 / ` / - i / ` i \ / \ I / 1 \ , _ _ \ /`-_ - \ /\-_ 450
/ORIENTATIONS OF FRACTURES OBSERVED BASED ON TELEVIEWER LOGGING. THE DEPICTED FRACTURE /
-ORIENTATIONS ACCOUNT FOR APPARENT DIP WITHIN THE PLANE OF THE CROSS SECTION, AND -\'/ -� \ -\�/� , \ -\'/ -� \� \-/- , \ -\'/ -�
VERTICAL EXAGGERATION. THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF FRACTURES IS FAR TOO NUMEROUS TO `� �\\/ I ��` /I \�� / I \` �`\ /I \`� �\\/ I y %� /I - \- / \ \ \ ' /\ - \ i /`-� \ \ 1 ' /\ 1� - \ ' /- / \ - 1 ' /� - \
/ILLUSTRATE AT THIS SCALE. IN ADDITION, THE DEPTHS AND LENGTHS OF FRACTURES VERSUS DEPTH \ I j / % \1 / 1 \1 i \ / ! 1 / \ ` - ♦ I \ / \ /� \ / 1 / 1 �/ I / \ l \ / I i \` i \ / I / \ l \ / I i \` i \ / I / \ l \ / I i \` i \ / I / \
/\-ARE CONCEPTUAL ONLY. _ / - i \ ' /`-_ \ _ ' / - i \ ' /.- i \ \ / i 1 , _ 1 / /� _ \ / \ i \ / _ �1 \ \ _ \ �I `�I
- - 400
LEGEND
GWA 25S WELL IN SHALLOW FLOW LAYER
V
ASH PORE WATER ELEVATION
GWA 25D WELL IN DEEP FLOW LAYER
NOTES
GWA 21BR WELL IN BEDROCK FLOW LAYER
—
SHALLOW GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
1.
DEPTH TO WATER GAUGED IN MONITORING WELLS ON APRIL 22, 2019.
AB 4SL WELL IN ASH PORE WATER
2.
NM - NOT MEASURED DURING 24-HOUR WATER LEVEL EVENT.
DEEP GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
3.
BORON DATA INCLUDED IN THIS FIGURE ARE MEAN, GEOMEAN, OR MOST RECENT VALID SAMPLING DATA FROM FIRST QUARTER 2018 -SECOND
QUARTER 2019.
GENERALIZED WATER TABLE
BEDROCK GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
4.
THE 02L STANDARD FOR BORON IS 700 ug/L.
— BEDROCK FRACTURE ORIENTATION
5.
BACKGROUND THRESHOLD VALUE (BTV) FOR BORON IS 50 ug/L WITHIN THE SHALLOW, 50 ug/L DEEP, 50 ug/L BEDROCK FLOW LAYERS.
GENERALIZED GROUNDWATER
150
BORON CONCENTRATION (ug/L)
WATER LEVEL ELEVATION (NAVD 88)
6.
ALL VERTICAL ELEVATIONS ARE MEASURED IN FEET, NORTH AMERICA VERTICAL DATUM (NAND) OF 1988.
FLOW DIRECTION
(LABEL COLORING BY FLOW ZONE)
ASH
ANALYTE NOT DETECTED ABOVE THE
ASH PORE WATER
REPORTING LIMIT
® FILL
BORON VALUES NOT AVAILABLE
SAPROLITE
0
WELL SCREEN
® TRANSITION ZONE
DUKE
0 '°° 200 400
BEDROCK
— — —
COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY
�
_
HOR17ONTAI SC:AI F�1"=df1f1'
FIGURE 7A
CROSS SECTION LOCATION

800
750
00
op
Q
z
Z 700
O
Q
F-
LU
J
W
650
600
K-
(WEST)
Mom 199
00 0
SUCK
---------------------
= ASH --_____-_ -_- -
tti---
ASH PORE WATER
IIIII IIIIITRANSITION ZONE
I\\
ACTIVE ASH BASIN
Q GROUNDWATER FLOW IS PERPENDICULAR
CROSS SECTION IN THIS AREA
Q Q Q Q Q Q
-0 n
ASH --_ =ASH--- - _-_
FILL ---_ _-- --
- - - -
=_-------------- --
1360
'61.90'
SAPROLITE
NA
1,138
761.53'
49.5
761.65'
47
742.81
BEDROCK ` A♦♦ \ \ \I/
/ lip \\/ �1/`*�/ :.�•� _\/� 1/♦�\/'� /1�/�\♦♦/� /_i/��\/J� /1/�
Jo
LEGEND
500—
If
/ d
y��450—
�\.�
/
Xv
/
350
r%I
300
83.00
�ym�g
aaaaa
K'
(EAST)
�•� U D 800
0F� IC7J
i
<5
_ __1L____ SAPROLITE
2.913
---'-=O===------�---�--760.24.
1,7oa- ASH PORE WATER
--=--_-_SH --WATER_-----�---�---�----- 2,513 / 750
761.47' _ _ _ 760.45'
__-_—_-_—__ ----_—_-_--__ ASH PORE WATER
06
-------- 760.57' \
1,506 TRANSITION\ /
760.63' \ ZONE <5o r
/ 1 /
SAPROLITE _ _ _ _ _ _ \ \ — / \ 785.80'— Q
�/\ \—//\ i \ / I/ \//\ //\I \-/ I \/ /�\-//1/ \/\ \—/♦/t` /\ —\//\ '/ /I O
ASTa/\—ZONE \88/♦
w
Lu
.60
OCR / \ •/ 1 / �I\ ♦ / / \ / 1 �i // 1
+ `i / ♦ 1 \ \ / \ / 1 \ \ / BEDROCK \ \ / \ 1
—650
• • / \ BEDROCK\
/ I \ /♦ \ / \ \ / lI \ / \ FRACTURES CONCEPTUALLY DEPICTED ON THIS CROSS SECTION REPRESENT GENERALIZED
/ ♦/ _ / / _/ / ORIENTATIONS OF FRACTURES OBSERVED BASED ON TELEVIEWER LOGGING. THE DEPICTED FRACTURE
ORIENTATIONS ACCOUNT FORAPPARENT DIP WITHIN THE PLANE OFTHE CROSS SECTION, AND
8\ / / y♦/ I / \ / / / \ VERTICAL EXAGGERATION. THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF FRACTURES IS FARTOO NUMEROUSTO
\ / \ / \ / \ / — \ �♦ \ / \ / ILLUSTRATE AT THIS SCALE. IN ADDITION, THE DEPTHS AND LENGTHS OF FRACTURES VERSUS DEPTH
ARE CONCEPTUAL ONLY.
600
NOTES
1. DEPTH TO WATER GAUGED IN MONITORING WELLS ON APRIL 22, 2019.
2. NM - NOT MEASURED DURING 24-HOUR WATER LEVEL EVENT.
3. BORON DATA INCLUDED IN THIS FIGURE ARE MEAN, GEOMEAN, OR MOST RECENT VALID SAMPLING DATA FROM FIRST
QUARTER 2018 - SECOND QUARTER 2019.
4. THE 02L STANDARD FOR BORON IS 700 Ng/L.
5. BACKGROUND THRESHOLD VALUE (BTV) FOR BORON IS 50 ug/L WITHIN THE SHALLOW, 50 ug/L DEEP, 50 ug/L
BEDROCK FLOW LAYERS.
6. ALL VERTICAL ELEVATIONS ARE MEASURED IN FEET, NORTH AMERICA VERTICAL DATUM (NAVD) OF 1988.
CROSS SECTION LOCATION
4' DUKE
ENERGY
CAROLINAS
1116rip
synTerm
LEGEND
GWA 25S WELL IN SHALLOW FLOW LAYER
ASH PORE WATER ELEVATION
GWA 25D WELL IN DEEP FLOW LAYER
GWA 21BR WELL IN BEDROCK FLOW LAYER
SHALLOW GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
AB 4S WELL IN ASH PORE WATER
DEEP GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
GENERALIZED WATER TABLE
BEDROCK GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
— — BEDROCK FRACTURE ORIENTATION
GENERALIZED GROUNDWATER
RON CONCENTRATION
WATER LEVEL ELEVATION NAVD 88)
FLOW DIRECTION
(LABEL COLORING BY FLOW ZONE)
ASH
<50
ANALYTE NOT DETECTED ABOVE THE
ASH PORE WATER
REPORTING LIMIT
® FILL
NA
BORON VALUES NOT AVAILABLE
SAPROLITE
0
WELL SCREEN
® TRANSITION ZONE
BEDROCK
- - -
COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY
—�
BREAKLINE
0 60 120 240
HORIZONTAL SCALE: 1" = 240'
VERTICAL SCALE: 1" = 48'
DRAWN BY: J. CHASTAIN
DATE: 1i
REVISED BY: C. NEWELL
DATE: 1i
CHECKED BY: T. GRANT
DATE: li
APPROVED BY: S. SPINNER
DATE: 1i
PROJECT MANAGER: S. SPINNER
www.synterracorp.com
FIGURE 7B
GENERAL CROSS SECTION K-K'
ACTIVE ASH BASIN
FRACTURED BEDROCK EVALUATION
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
MOORESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA

800 -:� H ­w-
(SOUTHWEST)
H'
(NORTHEAST)
FORMER UNITS 1-4
750 ASH BASIN
aaa
706.57' SAPROLITE (� (� (� J FORMER ASH BASIN
� � J
700 o0
\ 17 17
aaaa
00 - \ \ I \ / \ SAPROLITE FILL
_ BROAD RIVER
Q ��•�� / 1 / N TRANSITION ZONE - 657'
490
? 650 \' / \ NA SAPROLITE y
z
660
.•1.
_j
Lu
\r
\ / / iwDR6CK
600 / \ / \ / ��' r \ l�� / 1 / �<50/
\NA,<50
BEDROCK �► \ / / I \ /
/1/Y\•..��/\
/BEDROCK
550 /1�\/\�•j1\\/\ /1 \\/\I/1\\/\ /1 �� I \ /\
FRACTURES CONCEPTUALLY DEPICTED ONTHIS CROSS SECTION REPRESENT GENERALIZED
ORIENTA71ONSOF FRACTURES OBSERVED BASED ON TELEVIEWER LOGGING. THE DEPICTED FRACTURE
ORIENTATIONS ACCOUNT FOR APPARENT DIP WITHIN THE PLANE OF THE CROSS SECTION, AND
VERTICAL EXAGGERATION. THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF FRACTURES IS FAR TOO NUMEROUS TO
500 ILLUSTRATE AT TH IS SCALE. IN ADDITION, THE DEPTHS AND LENGTHS OF FRACTURES VERSUS DEPTH
ARE CONCEPTUAL ONLY.
NOTES
1. DEPTH TO WATER GAUGED IN MONITORING WELLS ON APRIL 22, 2019.
3. NM -NOT MEASURED DURING 24-HOUR WATER LEVEL EVENT.
3. BORON DATA INCLUDED IN THIS FIGURE ARE MEAN, GEOMEAN, OR MOST RECENT VALID SAMPLING DATA FROM
FIRST QUARTER 2018 -SECOND QUARTER 2019.
4. THE 02L STANDARD FOR BORON IS 700 Ng/L.
5. BACKGROUND THRESHOLD VALUE (BTV) FOR BORON IS 50 ug/L WITHIN THE SHALLOW, 50 ug/L DEEP, 50 ug/L
BEDROCK FLOW LAYERS.
6. ALL VERTICAL ELEVATIONS ARE MEASURED IN FEET, NORTH AMERICA VERTICAL DATUM (NAVD) OF 1988.
7. DATA POSTED FROM IB-2 WELLS IS RECENT VALID HISTORIC DATA COLLECTED BEFORE WELLS WERE
ABANDONED DURING BASIN CLOSURE (APPENDIX C).
800
750
700
OP
0
Q
650 z
z
O
Q
W
J
W
600
550
500
x�hr..... \. FORMERN.
\ UNITS 1-4
SJ
\ ASH BASIN
1 wCLIFFSIDE\ ASH
"STORAGE
STEAM AREA
1 STATION ' - ACTIVE
INACTIVWINl�
`-. IJ ASH BASIN J
'
I
i
CCP Mo
LANDFILL CRAB, - ``
NOTE:
CROSS SECTION H-H' IS LINEAR IN NATURE AND ALL
LOCATIONS NOT ALONG THE CROSS SECTION ARE
PROJECTED ONTO THE CROSS SECTION.
CROSS SECTION LOCATION
LEGEND
GWA 14S WELL IN SHALLOW LAYER
GWA 14D WELL IN DEEP LAYER
GWA-14BR WELL IN BEDROCK LAYER
IB 2AL ABANDONED WELL/
GEOTECHNICAL BORING
v — GENERALIZED WATER TABLE
_ GENERALIZED BEDROCK FRACTURE
ORIENTATION
—� GENERALIZED GROUNDWATER
FLOW DIRECTION
SAPROLITE
®
TRANSITION ZONE
BEDROCK
®
FILL
SHALLOW GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
DEEP GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
BEDROCK GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
—
WATER LEVEL ELEVATION (NAVD 88)
(LABEL COLORING BY FLOW ZONE)
WELL SCREEN
COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY
-
NOT AVAILABLE OR NOT MEASURED

E
(SOUTHWEST)
800
750
00
0
Q
Z
Z 700
O
W
J
Lu
650
600
550
500
350
300
UNIT 5 INACTIVE ASH BASIN
=====
------_--_------ ASH--
-- -- -- --ASH PORE WATER
.______ _= J
___ _ ---------------------i cc
_---- ----------
743. ______ --------------= FILL
7.39' TRANSITION
ZONE t7
/ / / 1 , \ \ / \ SAPROLITE
BEDROCK / — / \ _ \ / — / \ ..�.L.7 — / \ — \ / 150 TTTl
\ \ / \♦�♦/ 1 \ \ / \ I / 1 \ \ / \ I / 1 \ \ / \ I / 1 \ \ / \ I / 1 \ \ / \
BEDR61F.
' 692.88.
E'
(NORTHEAST)
----- BROAD
29 TT
\ RIVER110 666'
L I / 42.98' \ /
♦� / / I \ / 128 TRANSITION
1 / \ / h♦,/ 674.0 ' ZONE
\ - \ /\-A
-A
AI
FRACTURES CONCEPTUALLY DEPICTED ON THIS CROSS SECTION REPRESENT GENERALIZED
ORIENTATIONS OF FRACTURES OBSERVED BASED ON TELEVIEWER LOGGING. THE DEPICTED FRACTURE
ORIENTATIONS ACCOUNT FOR APPARENT DIP WITHIN THE PLANE OF THE CROSS SECTION, AND
VERTICAL EXAGGERATION. THE ACTUAL NUMBEROF FRACTURES IS FAR TOO NUMEROUSTO
ILLUSTRATE ATTHIS SCALE. INADDITION, THE DEPTHS AND LENGTHS OF FRACTURES VERSUS DEPTH
ARE CONCEPTUAL ONLY. / \ \• \\ / \ \ \ 1 / \
NOTES
1. DEPTH TO WATER GAUGED IN MONITORING WELLS ON APRIL 22, 2019. DU KE
2. NM - NOT MEASURED DURING 24-HOUR WATER LEVEL EVENT. ENE F
3. BORON DATA INCLUDED IN THIS FIGURE ARE MEAN, GEOMEAN, OR MOST RECENT VALID SAMPLING DATA
FROM FIRST QUARTER 2018 - SECOND QUARTER 2019 CAROLI
3. THE 02L STANDARD FOR BORON IS 700 ug/L.
4. BACKGROUND THRESHOLD VALUE (BTV) FOR BORON IS 50 ug/L WITHIN THE SHALLOW, 50 ug/L DEEP, 50
Ng/L BEDROCK FLOW LAYERS.
5. ALL VERTICAL ELEVATIONS ARE MEASURED IN FEET, NORTH AMERICA VERTICAL DATUM (NAVD) OF 1988. C1MTo l
800
750
co
00
0
Q
Z
700 Z
O
w
W LEGEND
CROSS SECTION LOCATION
U5 4S
WELL IN SHALLOW FLOW LAYER
ASH PORE WATER ELEVATION
650 U5 4D
WELL IN DEEP FLOW LAYER
SHALLOW GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
U5 4BR
WELL IN BEDROCK FLOW LAYER
U5 2S SLA
WELL IN ASH PORE WATER
DEEP GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
GENERALIZED WATER TABLE
_y
BEDROCK GROUNDWATER ELEVATION
— —
BEDROCK FRACTURE ORIENTATION
WATER LEVEL ELEVATION (NAVD 88)
600 —�
GENERALIZED GROUNDWATER
(LABEL COLORING BY FLOW ZONE)
FLOW DIRECTION
ASH
WELL SCREEN
ASH PORE WATER
0
®
FILL
COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY
SAPROLITE
BREAKLINE
550
®
TRANSITION ZONE
BEDROCK
500
350
300

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation
December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station
ATTACHMENT A
SynTerra
BORING LOGS, WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORDS
AND WELL DEVELOPMENT LOGS

PROJECT: Cliffside Steam Station
WELL/BORING NO: GWA-11BRL
PROJECT NO: 1026.21
STARTED: 10/31/2018
COMPLETED: 1/24/2019
DRILLING COMPANY:
Geologic Exploration, Inc.
NORTHING: 546022.338
EASTING: 1176965.313
DRILLING METHOD:
Air Rotary/Hammer
G.S. ELEV: 675.85
M.P. ELEV: 678.867
BOREHOLE DIAMETER:
10, 8, 5.5 IN
DEPTH TO WATER: 12.83
ft TOC
TOTAL DEPTH: 300 ft BGS
NOTES:
LOGGED BY: G. Khang
CHECKED BY: T. Grant
r
V
6.0 (in) 7.8
w
^
_
OJ
DESCRIPTION
>
j
WELL CONSTRUCTION
SPF-Ambien
0.00 022
w
C
(9 )
(A 0
V
Puumpm9•13
0
0.03HPF
Own)
po
u. gpo
V
5
10
Fill: SILTY CLAY w/ sand and gravel, red -orange
brown, fine, slightly moist, cohesive clumps, roots
present (FILL)
40
Alluvium: SAND, brown, fine -medium,
• .
non -cohesive, slightly moist; moist silty layer at
15
.46 c)'
—15 ft; large subrounded pebbles at 23 ft
(ALLUVIUM)
20
' 0
25
o
30
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, fresh, strong
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
SAA
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
-
Fracture at 122 ft w/ increased water production
during drilling
130
135
140
145
Accessory garnet from —144 ft - 164 ft
150
Cement Grout
8" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
33 ft bgs)
6" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
100 ft bgs)
2" PVC Riser
Cement Grout
Cement Grout

150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
Bentonite Seal
Sand Filter Pack
(161ft-177ft
bgs)
2" Pre -Pack
Well Screen
(167ft-177ft
bgs)
Bentonite
Backfill
Bentonite
Backfill
,0p SynTerra CLIENT: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
148 River Street, Suite 220 PROJECT LOCATION: Mooresboro, NC
Greenville, South Carolina 29601
ynTerra Phone: [phone] PAGE 2 OF 2

PROJECT: Cliffside Steam Station
WELL/BORING NO: GWA-21BRL
PROJECT NO: 1026.21
STARTED: 10/25/2018
COMPLETED: 2/4/2019
DRILLING COMPANY:
Geologic Exploration, Inc.
NORTHING: 545679.681
EASTING: 1179252.415
DRILLING METHOD:
Air Rotary/Hammer
G.S. ELEV: 671.502
M.P. ELEV: 673.217
BOREHOLE DIAMETER:
10, 8, 5.5 IN
DEPTH TO WATER: Artesian
TOTAL DEPTH: 303 ft BGS
NOTES:
LOGGED BY: GRK / DHC
CHECKED BY: T. Grant
ali
C(n) r
V
3.2 10.0
w
^
_
0.WELL
OJ
DESCRIPTION
>
j
CONSTRUCTION
�PF-Ambien
0.00 024
w
C
(9 )
(A 0
V
0
O.00HPF-PPuumping�00
Own)
po
u. gpo
5
10
15
T T
T T
T T
'.T.'
TT.
• T T
'.T.'
TT:
: Silty Sand: SILTY SAND with minor clay, red brown
to brown w/ depth, fine, dry, non -cohesive; rock
; zones/pieces present throughout
20
Schist: WEATHERED ROCK, Biotite SCHIST and
GNEISS, high mafic composition with minor quartz
25
and accessory garnet, layers of highly weathered
silt present throughout
30
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, some mica, medium
dark gray (N4), fine to coarse, fresh
35
40
45
50
Soft zone from 47 ft - 49 ft
55
60
65
70
75
SAA
80
85
90
95
100
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, some mica, trace garnet,
medium dark gray (N4), fine to coarse, fresh
105
110
115
120
Soft zone at 117 ft
Soft zone at 121 ft
125
130
Fracture zone at 130 ft - 132.5 ft; copious artesion
135
flow observed
140
145
Fractures from 144 ft - 146 ft
Quartzo-feldspathic zone from 146 ft - 147 ft
150
Cement Grout
8" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
29 ft bgs)
6" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
98 ft bgs)
4" PVC Riser
Cement Grout
Cement Grout
Bentonite Seal
Sand Pack (125
ft -135 ft bgs)
4" Pre -Pack
Well Screen

150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
(1LS tC -1.5b tC
bgs)
Bentonite
Backfill
Bentonite
Backfill
,trip SynTerra CLIENT: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
148 River Street, Suite 220 PROJECT LOCATION: Mooresboro, NC
Greenville, South Carolina 29601
ynTerra Phone: [phone] PAGE 2 OF 2

PROJECT: Cliffside Steam Station
WELL/BORING NO: GWA-64BRL
PROJECT NO: 1026.21
STARTED: 10/24/2018
COMPLETED: 1/22/2019
DRILLING COMPANY:
Geologic Exploration, Inc.
NORTHING: 545383.304
EASTING: 1179101.374
DRILLING METHOD:
Air Rotary/Hammer
G.S. ELEV: 759.456
M.P. ELEV: 762.452
BOREHOLE DIAMETER:
10, 8, 5.5 IN
DEPTH TO WATER: 17.21
ft TOC
TOTAL DEPTH: 302 ft BGS
NOTES:
LOGGED BY: GRK/DHC
CHECKED BY: T. Grant
r
V
3.5 (in) 8.5
w
ay
p
DESCRIPTION
V H
H
WELL CONSTRUCTION
1 OF-Ambien6 023
C ..
(gpm)
(AO
H PF-Pumping0.73
0.89
(gwn)
po
u. gpo
(
E
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
Sandy Silt
SANDY SILT w/ minor gravel, light orange -brown,
fine, dry, micaceous (FILL)
SILT w/ minor sand, orange -brown, fine, dry,
micaceous (FILL)
SILT w/ minor gravel, brown to tan -brown, fine,
dry, micaceous (FILL)
Gneiss
BIOTITE GNEISS w/ some muscovite and quartz,
weathered, very micaceous (WEATHERED ROCK)
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS w/ trace garnet and
pyrite, gray to dark gray (COMPETENT ROCK)
Possible fracture at 59 ft
Fracture at 70 ft; moist cuttings
Possible fracture at 75 ft
Possible fracture at 89 ft w/ no apparent water
production
Soft zone at 96 ft; moist cuttings
Fracture at 100 ft
Soft zone at 102 ft
Quartzo-feldspathic zone from 105 ft - 107.5 ft
Soft zone at 114 ft
Soft zone at 117.5 ft - 118 ft; water production
increased to —5 gpm
Fracture at 135 ft, water production increased to
—10 gpm
Fractures at 144 ft - 145.5 ft
.e
Cement Grout
8" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
41.5 ft bgs)
6" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
85 ft bgs)
2" PVC Riser
Cement Grout
Cement Grout

150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
Fractures at 150 ft - 151 ft
Fracture at 165 ft, water production increased to
—20 - 25 gpm
Fracture at 176 ft
Soft zone at 198 ft
Gneiss: QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS w/ garnet,
white (N9) to very light gray (N8), fresh
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS w/ mica and garnet, light
gray (N6), fine to coarse, fresh
Fracture at 220 ft
Fractures from 225 ft - 227 ft; water production
increased to —50 gpm
Fracture at 230 ft; water production increased to
—60 gpm
Fracture at 235 ft
Quartzo-feldspathic zone at 237 ft
Possible fracture at 284.5 ft
Quartzo-feldspathic zone at 287 ft
Bentonite Seal
Sand Filter Pac
2" Pre -Pack
Well Screen
(220 ft - 230 ft
bgs)
Bentonite
Backfill
Bentonite
Backfill
SynTerra CLIENT: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
,61 148 River Street, Suite 220 PROJECT LOCATION: Mooresboro, NC
Greenville, South Carolina 29601
ynTerra Phone: [phone] PAGE 2 OF 2

PROJECT: Cliffside Steam Station
WELL/BORING NO: GWA-65BRL
PROJECT NO: 1026.21
STARTED: 10/23/2018
COMPLETED: 1/22/2019
DRILLING COMPANY:
Geologic Exploration, Inc.
NORTHING: 544539.746
EASTING: 1177120.115
DRILLING METHOD:
Air Rotary/Hammer
G.S. ELEV: 751.233
M.P. ELEV: 754.070
BOREHOLE DIAMETER:
10, 8, 5.5 IN
DEPTH TO WATER: 8.95 ft TOC
TOTAL DEPTH: 403 ft BGS
NOTES:
LOGGED BY: D. Campbell
CHECKED BY: T. Grant
r
V
6.0 (in) 7.8
w
^
_
OJ
DESCRIPTION
>
c�
j
WELL CONSTRUCTION
sPF-Ambien
0.00 O15
w
C
(9 )
(A 0
V
0
O.00HPF-PPuumPing0.45
(gwn)
po LL gpo
V
Fill: CLAYEY SAND (SC), dark red (2.5 YR 3/6),
5 4 fine to medium, dry (FILL)
10 — • • • Fill: CLAYEY SAND with GRAVEL (SC), strong
brown (7.5 YR 5/6), fine to coarse, dry (FILL)
15 - Sandy Silt: SANDY SILT (ML), dark brown (7.5YR
20 3/2) to brown (7.5YR 5/2), non -plastic,
= noncohesive, moist (SAPROLITE)
25 Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, pale yellowish brown
(10YR 6/2), fine to medium, micaceous,
30 - moderately to intensely weathered (WEATHERED
ROCK)
35
Sandy Silt: SANDY SILT (ML), moderate yellowish
40 brown (10YR 5/4), non -plastic, noncohesive, dry
(SAPROLITE/WEATHERED ROCK)
45 LL
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, medium dark gray (N4),
50 trace garnet, fine to coarse, slightly to moderately
weathered (COMPETENT ROCK)
55 Zone of intense weathering at 35.5 ft - 36.5 ft
60 Gneiss: QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS, white (N9) to
65 very light gray (N8), w/ garnet, fresh
(COMPETENT ROCK)
70 Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, medium dark gray (N4),
trace garnet, fine to coarse, slightly weathered to
75 fresh (COMPETENT ROCK)
80
-
Gneiss: QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS, white (N9) to
85
very light gray (N8), w/ garnet, fresh
(COMPETENT ROCK)
90
---------------------- --------'
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, medium dark gray (N4),
95
trace garnet, fine to coarse, fresh (COMPETENT
ROCK)
100
105
110
115
120
Gneiss: QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS, white (N9) to
125
very light gray (N8), w/ garnet, fresh
130
(COMPETENT ROCK)
Soft at 122 ft
135
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS and QUARTZ -FELDSPAR
GNEISS, thinly layered, fresh (COMPETENT ROCK)
140
145
Gneiss: QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS, white (N9) to
very light gray (N8), w/ garnet, fresh
150
r;noic- RTnTTTF rNFTCC morlhim rinrlr nrav (1\14)
Cement Grout
8" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
41 ft bgs)
6" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
103 ft bgs)
2" PVC Riser
Cement Grout
Cement Grout

150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
w/ mica and trace garnet, thin quartzo-feldspathic
zones present, fine to coarse, fresh (COMPETENT
ROCK)
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS and QUARTZ -FELDSPAR
GNEISS alternating in 1-2 ft layers, fresh
Gneiss: QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS, as described
above
----------------------------
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS and QUARTZ -FELDSPAR
GNEISS alternating in 1-2 ft layers, fresh
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, as described above
-----------------------------
Gneiss: QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS, as described
above
Fractures at 184 ft - 185.5 ft w/ <0.5 gpm water
production
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, as described above
1; Quartzo-feldspathic zone at 193.5 ft - 194 ft
I` - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Gneiss: QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS, as described
�iabove
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, as described above w/
thin quartzo-feldspathic zones, fresh
------------------------------
Gneiss: Alternating BIOTITE GNEISS and
QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS as described above
Fracture at 219 ft - 220 ft
-----------------------------
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, as described above w/
abundant garnet present
-----------------------------
Gneiss: Alternating BIOTITE GNEISS and
QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS as described above
Fracture at 299 ft
Fracture at 305 ft w/ slight increase in water
production
Fractures at 322 ft and 324 ft
Fractures at 329 ft - 331 ft, soft zone w/ estimated
water production at —3 gpm
Fracture at 335 ft
Fracture at 351 ft - 351.5 ft
Fractures at 354.5 ft - 356 ft w/ increase in water
production to 7-8 gpm
Bentonite Seal
Sand Filter Pack
(345 ft - 366 ft
bgs)

360
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
Possible fracture at 366 ft
-----------------------------
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, medium dark gray (N4),
trace garnet, fine to coarse, fresh
Fracture at 394 ft w/ slight increase in water
production
Fracture at 397 ft w/ slight increase in water
production
2" Pre -Pack
Well Screen
(350 ft - 360 ft
bgs)
Bentonite
Backfill
,OpSynTerra CLIENT: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
148 River Street, Suite 220 PROJECT LOCATION: Mooresboro, NC
Greenville, South Carolina 29601
SynTerra Phone: [phone] PAGE 3 OF 3

PROJECT: Cliffside Steam Station
WELL/BORING NO: GWA-66BRL
PROJECT NO: 1026.21
STARTED: 10/23/2018
COMPLETED: 1/21/2019
DRILLING COMPANY:
Geologic Exploration, Inc.
NORTHING: 543944.935
EASTING: 1177090.540
DRILLING METHOD:
Air Rotary/Hammer
G.S. ELEV: 767.289
M.P. ELEV: 771.110
BOREHOLE DIAMETER:
10, 8, 5.5 IN
DEPTH TO WATER: 17.21
ft TOC
TOTAL DEPTH: 303 ft BGS
NOTES:
LOGGED BY: GRK/TJG
CHECKED BY: T. Grant
r
V
5.5 (in) 6.5
w
ay
p
DESCRIPTION
v
F
WELL CONSTRUCTION
0 OpF-Ambiena011
O.00HPF-PPumping1.07
Own)
po
u. gpo
V
Fill: CLAYEY SILT w/ GRAVEL, red -brown,
5
micaceous, dry, fine (FILL)
�Q.
10 40 o
15 .46 0 Light brown and gravelly at 15 ft
T
25 Silty Sand: SILTY SAND, brown and grayish -brown,
•TT
T T • micaceous, dry, fine (SAPROLITE)
30 T T
• T T
'.T.'
35 T T
40 T T' Clay -rich layer at 38 ft, red, moist
. T T '
45 T T : Wet at 43 ft
• T T
50 -
'.T.'
T
• T T
'.T.'
55 T T
• T T
60 T
D a Shattered: GNEISS and SCHIST, iron -stained,
65 weathered, wet (WEATHERED ROCK)
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, gray to bluish gray
70 e mafic, w/ garnet and frequent quartz -rich zones,
schistose w/ intensely foliated fragments
75
80
Possible fracture at 80 ft, dry
85
90
95
100
Possible fracture at 100 ft w/ decreased dust
105 during drilling
SAA w/ less mafic composition, less schistose, and
110 less intense foliation
115
120
125 Cuttings slightly moist at 124 ft
130
135
Dry, high dust
140
145 Some phyllitic texture at 143 ft
150
Cement Grout
8" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
67 ft bgs)
6" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
135 ft bgs)
2" PVC Riser
Cement Grout
Cement Grout

150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
Continued dry, high dust
Continued dry, high dust
Fracture at 191 ft, dry
Fracture at —208 ft, moist cuttings
Continued dry, high dust
Fracture at 257 ft w/ water production at —1 gpm
Fracture at 272 ft w/ increase in water production
to-3gpm
Fracture at 280 ft w/ slight increase in water
production, significant pyrite evident in rock
cuttings
Zone of prevalent quartz at 294 ft - 300 ft
Possible fracture at 300 ft
Bentonite Seal
Sand Filter Pack
(249 ft - 280 ft
bgs)
2" Pre -Pack
Well Screen
(254 ft - 274 ft
bgs)
Bentonite
Backfill
SynTerra CLIENT: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
,(VIP 148 River Street, Suite 220 PROJECT LOCATION: Mooresboro, NC
Greenville, South Carolina 29601
ynTerra Phone: [phone] PAGE 2 OF 2

PROJECT: Cliffside Steam Station
WELL/BORING NO: GWA-67BRL
PROJECT NO: 1026.21
STARTED: 10/31/2018
COMPLETED: 1/23/2019
DRILLING COMPANY:
Geologic Exploration, Inc.
NORTHING: 545217.943
EASTING: 1173010.976
DRILLING METHOD:
HSA/Air Rotary/Hammer
G.S. ELEV: 690.561
M.P. ELEV: 692.878
BOREHOLE DIAMETER:
16, 10, 8, 5.5 IN
DEPTH TO WATER: Artesian
TOTAL DEPTH: 299 ft BGS
NOTES:
LOGGED BY: W. Wimberly
CHECKED BY: T. Grant
r
V
5.4 (in) 6.7
w
^
_
OJ
DESCRIPTION
>
j
WELL CONSTRUCTION
�PF-Ambien
0.00 727
w
C
(9 )
(A 0
V
0
0.OIHPF-PPuumping n77
(gwn)
po u. gpo
V
Gravel Pack: Riprap stone
5
— ..
Sandy Silt: SAPROLITE
10
— • • •
ement Grout
15
— ••
20
10" Surface
DQa
Shattered: GRANITE and METAGRANITE, highly
weathered (WEATHERED ROCK)
Casing (0 ft -
25
Doa
19 ft bgs)
30
0
Doa
Wet at 30'
35
Gneiss: GNEISS, w/ hornblende schist and some
;
8" Surface
40
plagioclase, mafic (COMPETENT ROCK)
Casing (0 ft -
39 ft bgs)
45
,
50
6" Surface
55
Casing (0 ft -
150 ft bgs)
60
65
2" PVC Riser
Zones of quartzo-feldspathic rock, continued dry
70
;
;
Cement Grout
75
Cement Grout
SAA
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
Soft at 108 ft w/ increased schistosity
115
120
125
SAA, rock very hard
130
135
140
145
150

150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
Bentonite Seal
Sand Filter Pack
(160 ft 180 ft
bgs)
2" Pre -Pack
Well Screen
(165ft-175ft
bgs)
Bentonite
Backfill
Bentonite
Backfill
41p SynTerra CLIENT: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
148 River Street, Suite 220 PROJECT LOCATION: Mooresboro, NC
Greenville, South Carolina 29601
ynTerra Phone: [phone] PAGE 2 OF 2

PROJECT: Cliffside Steam Station
WELL/BORING NO: GWA-68BRL
PROJECT NO: 1026.21
STARTED: 10/25/2018
COMPLETED: 1/23/2019
DRILLING COMPANY:
Geologic Exploration, Inc.
NORTHING: 545274.587
EASTING: 1173439.198
DRILLING METHOD:
Air Rotary/Hammer
G.S. ELEV: 696.247
M.P. ELEV: 699.299
BOREHOLE DIAMETER:
10, 8, 5.5 IN
DEPTH TO WATER: 4.18
ft TOC
TOTAL DEPTH: 400 ft BGS
NOTES:
LOGGED BY: TJG/GRK
CHECKED BY: T. Grant
ali
C(n) r
V
4.3 10.2
w
^
_
OJ
DESCRIPTION
>
j
WELL CONSTRUCTION
n
0.00 664
w0.
C
(9
(A 0
V
0
O.00HPF-PPuum) ping�00
(gwn)
po
u. gpo
V
Gravel Pack: Gravel pad
5 - • • Clay: LEAN CLAY, reddish brown
10 Sandy Silt
15 Texture grades to SILT
20 Increasing sand content, yellow
25
Moderate brown, w/ less sand and some rock
30 - - fragments
35 Gneiss: Alternating matrix of BIOTITE GNEISS and
QUARTZ -FELDSPAR GNEISS (COMPETENT ROCK)
40
45
50
Possible fractures at 50 ft, 52 ft, and 56 ft
55
60
65
70
75
Fractures at 76 ft and 77 ft
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
Fractures at 110 ft and 112 ft
115
120
Fracture at 121 ft w/ minor water production
125
Continued, dominant matrix BIOTITE GNEISS
130
135
140
Fracture at 141 ft w/ minor water production
145
150
Cement Grout
8" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
35 ft bgs)
6" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
115 ft bgs)
2" PVC Riser
Cement Grout
Cement Grout

150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
Fracture at 168 ft
Fracture at —218 ft w/ increased water production
Continued, dominant matrix BIOTITE GNEISS
M,
Fracture at 306 ft w/ increased water production
Continued, dominant matrix BIOTITE GNEISS, with
garnet
Fractures at 354 ft and 356 ft w/ increased water
production
Bentonite Seal
Sand Filter Pack
(345 ft - 365 ft
bgs)

360
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
2" Pre -Pack
Well Screen
(350 ft - 360 ft
bgs)
Bentonite
Backfill
41p SynTerra CLIENT: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
148 River Street, Suite 220 PROJECT LOCATION: Mooresboro, NC
Greenville, South Carolina 29601
SynTerra Phone: [phone] PAGE 3 OF 3

PROJECT: Cliffside Steam Station
WELL/BORING NO: MW-11BRL
PROJECT NO: 1026.21
STARTED: 10/24/2018
COMPLETED: 1/22/2019
DRILLING COMPANY:
Geologic Exploration, Inc.
NORTHING: 545428.728
EASTING: 1179837.431
DRILLING METHOD:
Air Rotary/Hammer
G.S. ELEV: 764.048
M.P. ELEV: 767.462
BOREHOLE DIAMETER:
10, 8, 5.5 IN
DEPTH TO WATER: 62.13 ft TOC
TOTAL DEPTH: 303 ft BGS
NOTES:
LOGGED BY: D. Campbell
CHECKED BY: T. Grant
r
V
5.6 (in) 6.0
w
^
_
OJ
DESCRIPTION
>
j
WELL CONSTRUCTION
sPF-Ambien
0.00 O11
w
r]
(9 )
(A 0
V
0
O.00HPF-PPuumping0.12
(gwn)
po u. gpo
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
Sandy Silt: SANDY SILT (ML), light red (2.5YR
6/6), dry, non -plastic, noncohesive (SAPROLITE)
T T : Silty Sand: SILTY SAND (SM), reddish yellow (5YR
- T T 6/6), brown (7.5YR 4/4), and red (10R 4/6), fine
TT ; to coarse, dry, non -plastic fines (SAPROLITE)
4
.'o Shattered: SILTY SAND (SM), as above w/
>0 weathered rock fragments and thin
o quartzo-feldspathic zones
0 (SAPROLITE/WEATHERED ROCK)
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, light brownish gray (5YR
6/1), fine to medium, w/ garnet and thin
quartzo-feldspathic zones, moderately weathered
(COMPETENT ROCK)
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, medium dark gray (N4),
w/ garnet, fine to medium, slightly weathered to
fresh
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, medium dark gray (N4),
w/ garnet, fine to medium, fresh
Gneiss: BIOTITE GNEISS, as above except
micaceous, w/ thin quartzo-feldspathic zones
Cement Grout
8" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
55 ft bgs)
6" Surface
Casing (0 ft -
208 ft bgs)
2" PVC Riser
Cement Grout
Cement Grout

150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
Bentonite Seal
Sand Filter Pack
(281 ft - 303 ft
bgs)
2" Pre -Pack
Well Screen
(287 ft - 297 ft
bgs)
,0p SynTerra CLIENT: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
148 River Street, Suite 220 PROJECT LOCATION: Mooresboro, NC
Greenville, South Carolina 29601
ynTerra Phone: [phone] PAGE 2 OF 2

EOLOGIC
EPLORATION
Environmental • Geotechnical
Specialty Drilling
April 23, 2019
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
Information Processing Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
RE: GW-1 Well Construction Records
Duke Energy-Cliffside Steam Station
573 Duke Power Road
Mooresboro, NC 28114
To Whom It May Concern:
Enclosed for your use are GW-1 well construction records for wells (GWA-21BRL, MW-11BRL, GWA-64BRL,
GWA-65BRL, GWA-65BR, GWA-66BRL, GWA-11BRL, GWA-1113R, GWA-6813RL, GWA-67BRL, GWA-67BR). If
you have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to call me at 704-872-
7686.
Sincerely, %
v
Steve Taylor
176 Commerce Boulevard • Statesville, NC 28625 • Tel: [phone] • [phone] • www geologicexploration com

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
For Internal Use ONLY.
1. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
List all applicable well construc•rton perntilx (i e. County. Sumo, Variance, etc)
3. Well Use (check well use):
❑Agricultural
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply)
❑ Industrial/Commercial
Non -Water Supply Well:
❑Aquiter Recharge
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Aquiter Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling
4. Date Well(s) Completed:
❑Municipal/Public
❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsidence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under #21 b
02/04/19 Well ID# GWA-21 BRL
Sa. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
Facility/owner Name Facility ID# (if applicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County Parcel Identification No. (PIN)
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
15. OUTER CASING for multi -cased wells OR LINER if a Iicable
FROM
TO DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft.
28.0 ft. 8.0 i" I
SCH 40
PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING eothermal closed -loop)
FROM
TO
DIAMETER I
THICKNESS
IATERIAL
0.0 ft•
125.0 ft.
4.0 "' I
SCH 40
PVC
0.0 ft.
98.0 ft'
6.0 in.
SCH 40
PVC
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
125.0 ft'
135.0 ft.
4.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC
ft.
ft.
in.
18. GROUT
FROM
I TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEM ENT METHOD & AMOUNT
0.0 ft.
100.0 ft.
PORTLMDSENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft.
98.0 ft-
PORn,wonENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft'
28.0 ft'
PORT DBENTONITE
SLURRY
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if applicable)
FROM
TO
MATERIAL I
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
120.0 fL
140.0 ft'
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
ft.
ft.
20. DRILLING
LOG attach additional sheets if necessary)
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION (color, hardness, soii/mck type. grain sire, etc.
0.0 ft•
18.0 ft-
RED SILTY SAND
18.0 fr.
25.0 ft.
PWR
25.0 ft•
303.0 ft•
ROCK
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 100.0 TO 120.0 FT 8 140.0 TO 165.0 FT
PORTLAND BENTONITE GROUT FROM 165.0 TO 303.0 FT
5b. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds ordecimaldegrees: 22. Certification:
(d'well field, one Ia0long is sufficient)
35 12 81.79 N 81 47 84.11 W 03/27/19
Signature of Certified Well Contractor Date
6. Is (are) the w•ell(s): ©Permanent or ❑Temporary
By signing this Jitrre, l hereby c•erlifi, that the u•eN(ti) u•os (were) c•utt.ctructed in accordance
with I5A NCAC 01C .0/00 or 15A NCA' 02C .0100 Well Construction Standards and that a
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or [ZINo copy gfthis record has been provided to the well owner.
IJ thus tx a repair, fill our known well construclion information and explain the nature oJ'the
repair under =21 rentarkv section or on the hack ofthis Jinn. 23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
8. Number of wells constructed: 1 construction details. You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
For andtiple hileclton or non -water supply wells ONLY wilt the saute construction, you can
vubnntoneJorw. SUBMITTAL INSTUCTIONS
9. Total well depth below land surface: 135.0 (ft.)
Far nnduple we/lc list all depths tjdifjerenr (example- 3 ct ?00' and 1 « l001
10. Static water level below top of casing: +44.0 (ft.)
//'rater lerel & ahore casing, use "- "
It. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875/10.0 (in.)
12. Well construction method: AIR
(i.e. auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc)
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of' well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY: 1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
13a. Yield (gpm) Method of test: 24c, For Water SunDly & lniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
13b. Disinfection type: Amount completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
Where constructed.
Form GW-I North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jan. 2013

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
1. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
List all applicable well construction permits (i.e. County, State, Variance, etc•)
3. Well Use (check well use):
❑Agricultural ❑Municipal/Public
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply) ❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Industrial/Commercial ❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
❑Irrl ation
Non -Water Supply Well:
IO Monitori ng O Recovery
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Aquifer Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal(Closed Loop)
❑Geothermal (Heatnng/Cooling Return
4. Date Well(s) Completed: 01/22/19
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsidence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under #21 1
Well ID# MW-11 BRL
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID# (ifapplhcable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical .Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County Parcel Identification No. (PIN)
Sb. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees:
(if'well field, one lat/long is sufficient)
350 12' 74.96" N 810 47' 64.22" W
For Internal Use ONLY
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
15. OUTER CASING for multi -cased wells OR LINER if a licable
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft
55.0 ft'
8.0 in
SCH 40
PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING(geothermal closed -loop)
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft
287.0 rt'
2.0 in'
SCH 40
PVC
0.0 rt
208.0 e,
6.0 in'
SCH 40
PVC
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
287.0 ft'
297.0 fr'
2.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC"
ft.
ft.
in.
18. GROUT
FROM
I TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD & AMOUNT
0.0 ft'
265.0 ft'
POBTLANDBENTDNITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft-
208.0 ft-
POnttANOBENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft'
55.0 ft'
h'ORT R DBENTONITE
SLURRY
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if n licable
FROM
TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
281.0 ft
303.0 ft'
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
fr.
fr.
20.DRILLING
LOG attach additional sheets if necessary)
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION color, hardness, soil/mck type, grain sin, etc.)
O.O ft.
31.0 ft.
BROWN SILTY SAND
31.0 rt.
51.0 rr.
PWR
51.0 rt
303.0 rt
ROCK
rt.
rt.
ft.
ft.
fr.
ft.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 265.0 TO 281.0 FT & 297.0 TO 303.0 FT
"U-PACK SCREEN"
22. Certification:
Signature of Certified Well Contractor
03/27/19
Date
6. Is (are) the well(s): OPermanent or ❑Temporary J ly U ( 7
Hv si min � this ornn, l hereby cent that the u•el/ .r u•a.c wereconstructed in accordnnc r
with 15.4 NC'AC02{ • .0100 or 15A NC'AC 02C .0200 Well Construction Standards and that a
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or ONo copy (?'this record has been provided to the well owner.
Il this is a repair, ill out known well construction in jimnation and explain the nature r f tnc
repair under i:21 remarks section or on the back s fthts?bnn. 23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
8. Number of wells constructed: 1 construction details. You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
hor in(Itiple injection or non -water supply wells ONLYwith the .sane construction, you can
submit one?ban. SUBMITTAL INSTUCTIONS
9. Total well depth below land surface: 297.0 (ft.)
hor nultiple welly list all depths ifdijjerent (example- 3 rt 2(NI' and 2 a 100')
10. Static water level below top of casing: 78.0 (ft)
l/ water lerel iv above casino, use " i ••
11. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875/10.0
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
12. Well construction method: AIR construction to the following:
(i a auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc)
Division of Water Quality, Underground injection Control Program,
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY: 1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
13a. Yield (gpm) Method of test: 24c, For Water Supply & Iniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
13b. Disinfection type: Amount: completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed.
Form GW-I North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jmi. 2013

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
For Internal Use ONLY-
1. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certificntion Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
List all applicable irel/ construction permits (i.e. ('aunty, Stare, Variance, etc.)
3. Well Use (check well use):
ter
❑Agricultural
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply)
❑ Ind ustrial/Commercial
❑Irrigation
Non -Water Supply Well:
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Aquifer Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling
❑Municipal/Public
❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsidence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under 921 F
4. Date Well(s) Completed: 01/22/19 Well ID# GWA-64BRL
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID# (ifapplicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County Parcel Identification No. (PIN)
5b. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees:
(il'well field, one hat/long is sufficient)
350 12' 72.69" N 81 " 47' 88.62" W
6. Is (are) the well(s): OPermanent or ❑Temporary
7. is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or ElNo
1J'ihi.r is it repair, Jill out knowir hell construction inybrinwian and erplain the nature oj'ihe
repair under 421 retnarks section or on the back of dris font.
8. Number of wells constructed: 1
For otibiple lnfeclion or non-n•aier supply irelts ONLY u4dr the sane construction, you can
.subnrir lure Jonn.
9. Total well depth below land surface: 230.0
For nnthiple hells list all depths lJ*dWeretn (erantple- 3@200' and 2@I00')
10. Static water level below top of casing: 69.0
?firmer level is abore caving, use "+"
11. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875/10.0 (in.)
12. Well construction method: AIR
(i.e. auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc)
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY:
13a. field (gpm) Method of test:
13b. Disinfection type: Amount:
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
I DESCRIPTION
rt.
ft.
ft.
I ft.
15. OUTER CASING for
multi-cosed wells OR LINER its licnble
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft.
42.0 ft-
1 8.0 i"
SCH 40
PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING(geothermal
closed -loop)
FROM
TO
I DIAMETER I
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ff.
220.0 ft•
2.0 i"
SCH 40
PVC
0.0 ft•
85.0 R•
6.0 in.
SCH 40
PVC
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
220.0 ft'
230.0 ft.
2.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC**
ft.
ft.
in.
IS. GROUT
FROM
I TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD & AMOUNT
0.0 ft.
203.0 ft'
PORTUWDBENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft.
85.0 ft.
MRT 13BE TDNiTE
SLURRY
0.0 ft'
42.0 R•
PORTMDBENTONITE
SLURRY
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if applicable)
FROM
TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
215.0 ft•
235.0 ft•
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
it.
ff.
20. DRILLING LOG attach additional sheets if necessary)
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION (color, hardness, soil/rock type, grain sin, etc.
0.0 ff•
23.0 ft
BROWN SILTY SAND
23.0 ff•
37.0 ff•
PWR
37.0 ft•
301.0 ft•
ROCK
if.
fr.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
rf.
rr.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 203.0 TO 215.0 FT & 235.0 TO 301.0 FT
**U-PACK SCREEN**
22. Certification:
Signature ol'Certifted Well Contractor
03/27/19
Date
Rv signing this Jbrnt, I hereby certify dint file well(s) was (were) constructed in accordance
with I5A NCAC 02C .0l00 or 15A NCAC 02C .0200 Well Construction Standards and that a
copy afthis retard has been provided to lire well owner.
23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
construction details. You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
SUBMITTAL 1NSTUCTIONS
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
24c. For Water Supply & Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed.
Form G W-I North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jail 2013

For Internal Use ONLY:
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION
ft.
ft.
15. OUTER CASING for multi -cased wells OR LINER if a licable
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft.
141.0 rt•
8.0 i"
SCH 40
PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING eothermal closed -loop)
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft.
350.0 ft.
2.0 i"
SCH 40
PVC
0.0 ft.
103.0 rt•
6.0 in'
SCH 40
PVC
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
350.0 f'
360.0 rL
2.0 '"'
.010
SCH 40
PVC"
ft.
ft.
in.
18. GROUT
FROM
I TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD& AMOUNT
0.0 ft•
336.0 ft'
voanraoeeNTowre
SLURRY
0.0 ft-
103.0 ft.
RORTUNoaeNTONiTe
SLURRY
0.0 ft'
41.0 ft'
voRr DE PffONire
SLURRY
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if applicable)
FROM
TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
345.0 rt•
365.0 rt•
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
ft.
ft.
20. DRILLING LOG attach additional sheets ifnecessary)
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION color, hardness, soil/mck type, arnin sim, etc.
0.0 rt•
25.0 ft.
BROWN SILTY SAND
25.0 rt.
37.0 rt.
PWR
37.0 rt•
404.0 rt•
ROCK
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 336.0 TO 345.0 FT & 365.0 TO 404.0 FT
"U-PACK SCREEN"
22. Certification:
Signature of Certified Well Contractor
03/27/19
Date
Hy signing This farm, l herebv certify that the wel/(s) iras (here) constructed it)accordance
15A NCAC 02C .0100 or 15A NCAC 02C .02t111 Nell Construction Standards and that a
copy oJ'thi.s record has been provided to the ire// owner.
23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
8. Number of wells constructed: construction details. You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
For nndtiple hyection or nor-n ater supply swells ONLY w hh the saute construction, you can
submitonefi nt. SUBMITTAL INSTUCTIONS
9. Total well depth below land surface: 360.0
Far nathiple wells list all depths ifdtffereni (example- 3 cr 200' and 2 c@100')
10. Stutic water level below top of casing: 5.0
//lwater level is above casing, use " + "
11. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875/10.0 (in.)
I. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
Ovr all applicable well construction permits (i e County, State, Variance, eta)
3. Well Use (check well use):
Water Supply Well:
❑Agricultural
❑Municipal/Public
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply)
❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Industrial/Commercial
❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
❑Irrl atlon
Non -Water Supply Well:
ID Monitoring
❑ Recovery
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Aquifer Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsidence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under #21 1
4. Date Well(s) Completed: 01/22/19 Nell ID# GWA-65BRL
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID# (ifapplicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County
Parcel Identification No. (PIN)
Sb. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees:
(if well field, one hat/long is sufficient)
35' 12' 48.30" N 810 47' 54.48" W
6. Is (are) the well(s): ©Permanent or ❑Temporary
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or EINo
I/lhi.s is a repair, fill out known well construction it fbrination and explain the nature ry'the
repair under 4"21 remarks section or an lire back of this form.
1
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
(ft.) Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For lniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
12. Well construction method: AIR construction to the following:
(i.e. auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc.)
Division of Water Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY: 1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
13a. Yield (gpm) Method of test: 24c. For Water Supply & lniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
13b. Disinfection type: Amount: completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed.
Form GW-1 North Carolina Department of Environment mid Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jan 2013

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
1. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
List till applicable irell conviruc•tion permits (i.e. County, State, Variance, etc.)
3. Well Use (check well use):
Water Supply Well:
❑Agricultural ❑Municipal/Public
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply) ❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Industrial/Commercial ❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
❑Irri ation
Non -Water Supply Well:
❑Monitoring ❑Recovery
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Aquit'er Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Geothermal (Fleatmg/Cooling
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsidence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under #21 I
4. Date Well(s) Completed: 11/06/18 Nell ID# GWA-65BR
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID# (ifapplicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County
Parcel Identification No (PIN)
5b. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees:
(if well field, one lat/long is sufficient)
350 12' 48.30" N 810 47' 54.48" W
6. Is (are) the well(s): [aPermanent or ❑Temporary
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or ONo
4'ihis is a repair, Jill out known well construction o formation and explain the nature of tie
repair under it 21 reniarkv section or on the back of this form.
8. Number of wells constructed: 1
For multiple injection or non-watersupply wells ONLY with the same construction, you cam
submit one finru.
9. Total well depth below land surface: 72•0
For multiple welly list all depths lfdifjerent (example- 3 tt 200' and 2 rc 1001
10. Static water level below top or casing: 8.0
If'maler level is above caving, use "+"
11. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875 (in.)
12. Well construction method: AIR
(i.e. auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc.)
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY:
13a. field (gpm) Method of test:
13b. Disinfection type: Amount:
For Internal Use ONLY
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION
ft.
%
ft.
ft.
15. OUTER CASING for multi -cased wells OR LINER if a licable
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 it
38.0 ft
6.0 in
SCH 40
PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING(geothermal
closed -loop)
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft'
62.0 ft-
2.0 in.
SCH 40
PVC
ft.
ft.
in.
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
62.0 it
72.0 it
2.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC**
rt.
ft.
in.
18. GROUT
FROM
I TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD 3i AMOUNT
0•0 ft.
38.0 ft•
vonTwoBeuTonire
SLURRY
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if upplicable
FROM
TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENTMETHOD
55.5 ft
78.0 rt
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
ft.
ft.
20. DRILLING
LOG attach additional sheets if necessary)
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION color, hardness, soillmck type, gmin size, etc.
0.0 rt
23.0 rt
BROWN SILTY SAND
23.0 rr.
37.0 fr.
PWR
37.0 ft
83.0 ft•
ROCK
rr.
rt.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
rt.
rt.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 38.0 TO 55.5 FT & 78.0 TO 83.0 FT
**U-PACK SCREEN**
22. Certification:
e:2 snz_ Gft� 03/27/19
Signature of Certified Well Contractor Date
Rv signing thiv fin -in, 1 hereby certlfj, that the ireh(s) was (were) constructed in accordance
mitt 15A NCAC 02C .0100 or 15A NCAC 02C .0200 Well Construction Standards and that a
copy of this record has been provided to the well corner.
23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
construction details. You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
SUBMITTAL INSTUCTIONS
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following.
Division of Water Quality' Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
24c. For Water Suably & Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed.
Form G W-I North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jan 2013

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
1. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
List all applicable well construction permits (i.e. County, State, Variance, etc.)
3. Well Use (check well use):
❑Agricultural ❑Municipal/Public
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply) ❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Industrial/Commercial ❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
❑lrri ation
Non -Water Supply Well:
O Monitoring ❑ Recovery
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Aquifer Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling
4. Date Wells) Completed: 01/24/19
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
❑Groundwater Remediahon
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsistence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under #21 1
WellID# GWA-66BRL
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID9 (ifapplicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County Parcel Identification No. (PIN)
For Internal Use ONLY
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
15. OUTER CASING for multi -cased wells OR LINER if a licuble
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft•
65.0 ft'
8.0 in
SCH 40
PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING(geothermal closed -loop)
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft'
254.0 ft.
2.0 in'
SCH 40
PVC
0.0 ft.
135.0 ft'
6.0 in'
SCH 80
PVC
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
254.0 ft•
274.0 ft•
2.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC**
ft.
ft.
in.
IS. GROUT
FROM
I TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD& AMOUNT
0.0 ft'
235.0 ft'
PORTIANDBENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft-
135.0 ft
MRDBENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft'
65.0 ft.
MRT DBENTDNITE
SLURRY
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if applicable)
FROM
TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
249.0 ft'
280.0 ft'
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
ft.
ft.
20. DRILLING LOG attach additional sheets if necessary)
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION (color, hardness, soii1mck type, grain sire, etc.)
0.0 ft.
10.0 ft.
RED SILTY CLAY
10.0 ft•
48.0 ft-
BROWN SILT
48.0 ft'
62.0 fit'
BROWN SILTY PWR
62.0 ft•
303.0 ft•
ROCK
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 235.0 TO 249.0 FT & 280.0 TO 303.0 FT
**U-PACK SCREEN**
5b. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees: 22. Certification:
(dwell field, one latilong is sufficient) �rc,.
35 12 31.90 N 81 47 53.25 W
6. Is (are) the well(s): Permanent or ❑Temporary
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or EINo
ll ibis is a repair, fill out known well eotisrruction information and explain tie nanire ifthe
repair ander :- 2l reinarkr section or on the back i f this form.
8. Number of wells constructed: 1
hor nnilnple nyeetion or nnn•itaterstipp1j, irells ONLY with the sane construction, you can
mihnu one /ornt.
9. Total well depth below land surface: 274.0 (ft.)
i•or multiple wells hvt all depths it dfjerent (example- 3 cr 200' and 2 a 100')
10. Static water level below top of casing: 13.0 (ft.)
U'iraier level is above casing, use •'T "
11. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875/10.0 (in.)
12. Well construction method:
(i.e. auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc.)
Signature of Certified Well Contractor
03/27/19
Date
By signing this form, I hereby cerlifj, that the well(s) uas (were) constructed in accordance
with I5A NCAC 02C .0100 or 15A NCAC 02C .0200 [Nell Construction Standards and that a
Copt, of 1his record has been provided to the hell owner.
23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
construction details. You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
SUBMITTAL iNSTUCTiONS
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For lniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY: 1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
13a. Yield (gpm) Method of test: 24c. For Water Supply & lniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
13b. Disinfection type: Amount: completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed
AIR
Form Ci W-I North Carolina Department of Environment mid Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jan 2013

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
For Internal Use ONLY:
I. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
List all applicable well construction permits (i.e. County, Stare. Variance, etc)
3. Well Use (check well use):
ter
❑Agricultural
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply)
❑ Industrial/Commercial
❑Irrigation
Non -Water Supply Well:
❑Municipal/Public
❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
injection well:
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Aquifer Test
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Experimental Technology
❑Subsidence Control
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Tracer
❑Geothermal (Heating/CoolingReturn)
❑Other (explain under 421 Remarks)
4. Date Well(s) Completed: 01 /24/19 Well ID# GWA-11 BRL
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID# (if applicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Phvsical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County
Parcel Identification No (PIN)
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION
ft.
ft.
rr.
rr.
15. OUTER CASING for wells OR LINER if a livable
FROM
TO
TRULrased
DIAMETER
THICKNESS MATERIAL
0.0 ft
35.0 rt
8.0 i"'
SCH 40 PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING(geothermal
closed -loop)
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 rL
167.0 f"
2.0 i"
SCH 40
PVC
0.0 ft
100.0 ft
6.0 in'
SCH 40
PVC
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
167.0 fr.
177.0 ft.
2.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC**
ft.
fr.
in.
18. GROUT
FROM
TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD & AMOUNT
0.0 ft.
145.0 ft'
PDRR DBENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft.
100.0 ft.
PORTL DaENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft
35.0 ft'
PORTA DBENTONITE
SLURRY
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if applicable)
FROM
TO
MATERIAL I
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
161.0 ft
182.0 f"
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
it.
fr.
20. DRILLING
LOG attach additional sheets if necessa
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION color, hardness, suRtmck type, grain sin, etc.)
0.0 ft
28.0 rr
BROWN SANDY SILT
28.0 ft
31.0 ft
WEATHERED ROCK
31.0 rt
300.0 ft
ROCK
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
It.
rr.
rr.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 145.0 TO 161.0 FT & 182.0 TO 300.0 FT
**U-PACK SCREEN**
5b. Latitude tude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees: 22. Certification:
(il'well field, one lat/long is sufficient) _
35 12 86.01 N 81 47 55.59 ����'' '-
6. Is (are) the well(s): OPermanent or ❑Temporary
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or EINo
/J7hi.c is a repair, till out known ire// construction ih!tbrnhatiro and explain the nature ofire
repair under 421 remarks section or on the back of this Jitrvn.
1
Signature of Certified Well Contractor
03/27/19
Date
By signing this.1brm, 1 hereby c•ertiJj, that the sell(.) iras (were) constructed in accordance
frith 15A NCAC 02C .0100 or 15A NC'AC 02C.0200 Well Construction Standards and that a
copy oJ7his record hay been provided to the irell owner.
23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
8. Number of wells constructed: construction details. You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
hor nudtiple injection or non -hater supply wells ONL I' ividh the .came construction• you can
.submitone.1brin. SUBMITTAL INSTUCTIONS
9. Total well depth below land surface: 177.0 (ft.)
For imduple iwelLc list all depths iJ'difjerenl (exanhple- 3 ref 200' and 2 a 100')
10. Static water level below top of casing: 4•0 (ft.)
/'hater level is above casing, use "
11. Borehole diameter: 12.0/6.017.875/10.0 (in.)
AUGER/AIR
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
12. Well construction method: construction to the following:
(i.e. auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc)
Division of Water Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY: 1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
I3a. Yield (gpm) Method of test: 24c. For Water Supply & Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
13b. Disinfection type: Amount: completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed.
Form G W-I North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jan 2013

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
For Internal Use ONLY:
I. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
List all applicable well construction perorts (i c. County, ,State. Variance, etc)
3. Well Use (check well use):
❑Agricultural
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply)
❑ Industrial/Commercial
_ ❑ Irrigation
Non -Water Supply Well:
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Aquifer Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Geothermal (Heating/Coohng
❑Municipal/Public
❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsidence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under #21 F
4. Date Well(s) Completed: 11/06/18 Well ID# GWA-11 BR
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID# (ifapplicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County Parcel Identification No. (PIN)
5b. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees:
(if well field• one tat/long is sufficient)
350 12' 86.01" N 81' 47' 55.59" W
6. Is (are) the well(s): (r7Permanent or ❑Temporary
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or ElNo
If ihi.v is a repair, fill cat known well construction b formation and explain the naiure ofilie
repair under 7! 21 remarkv .see ion or on the back of7his lbrin.
8. Number of wells constructed: 1
fur nadtiple injection or non -hater supply wells ONL 1' with the same construction, you can
submit one /omit.
9. Total well depth below land surface: 70.0 (ft.)
Vor imdtiple wells list all depths lfdifJireni (example- 3 a 200 • and 2 a too')
10. Static water level below top of casing: 8.0 (ft.)
rf irater /ere/ is above casing, use "• "
11. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875 (in.)
14. WATER
ZONES
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION
ft.
ft.
ft.
fr.
15. OUTER CASING for multi -cased wells LINER if a licable
FROM
TO
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft.
35.0 ft•
1 6.0 i"
SCH 40
PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING eothermal closed -loop)
FROM
I TO
I DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 rt.
65.0 IL
2.0 i"
SCH 40
PVC
ft.
I ft.
in.
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
65.0 fL
70.0 "'
2.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC**
ft.
ft.
in.
18. GROUT
FROM
TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD& AMOUNT
0.0 ft.
57.0 ft'
POan woBENTONiTE
SLURRY
0.0 fL
35.0 ft-
MRT DBENTONITE
SLURRY
ft.
ft.
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if n licable
FROM
TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
62.0 ft.
75.0 ft'
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
ft.
ft.
20. DRILLING
LOG attach additional sheets if necessary)
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION (color, hardness, soil/rock type, grain size, etc.
0.0 ft.
23.0 ft.
BROWN SILTY SAND
23.0 ft.
37.0 ft'
PWR
37.0 rt•
180.0 rt•
ROCK
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
e.
e.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 57.0 TO 62.0 FT & 75.0 TO 180.0 FT
**U-PACK SCREEN**
22. Certification:
Signature of Certified Well Contractor
03/27/19
Date
Rv signing this Jbrm, l hereby c•erirfy that die ire/10 ma.T (here) consiructed in accordance
with 15A NCAC WC .0100 or ISA NCAC 02C .0200 Well ConstruNlon ,Standards and thol a
cony ofdlis record has been provided to the ire/1 owner.
23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
construction details You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
SUBMITTAL INSTUCTIONS
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
12. Well construction method: AIR construction to the following:
(i.e. anger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc.)
Division of Water Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY: 1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
13a. Yield (gpm) Method of test: 24c, For Water Supply & Iniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
13b. Disinfection type: Amount: completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed
Form G W-I North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jwi. 2013

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
For Internal Use ONLY:
1. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
last all applicable well conviruction permas (i e. Count-p, State, Variance, etc)
3. Well Use (check well use):
Water Supply Well:
❑Agricultural ❑Municipal/Public
❑Geothermal (Heat ing/Coolmg Supply) ❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑lndustnallCommercial ❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
❑Irrl ation
Non -Water Supply Well:
OMomtorine ❑Recovery
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Aquiter Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsidence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under #21 F
4. Date Well(s) Completed: 01/29/19 Well ID# GWA-68BRL
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID# (ifapplicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County
Parcel Identification No. (PIN)
5b. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees:
(if well field, one fat/long is sufficient)
35' 12' 65.64" N 81 D 47' 77.62" W
6. Is (are) the well(s): IZPermanent or ❑Temporary
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or EINo
IJ'tus iv a repair, fill out known well construction it formation and explain the nature of the
repair under -11 rentarkv section or on the hack c f7his farm.
8. Number of wells constructed: 1
hor multiple hyection or non -water supply irel/s ONLY with the sage construction, you can
suhiuit one fiirm.
9. Total well depth below land surface: 360.0 (ft.)
har nitdtiple a e//v list all depths I dijjerent (example- 3 a 200' and 1 ci 100')
10. Static water level below top of casing: 8.0 (ft.)
I/ water level is above caving, use "+ "
11. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875/10.0/12.0 (in.)
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
I DESCRIPTION
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
15. OUTER CASING for multi -cased wells OR
LINER if a licable
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 rt•
35.0 1"
10.0 i"
SCH 40
1 PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING eothermal closed -too
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
M1fATERIAL
0.0 ft.
350.0 It.
2.0 in
SCH 40
PVC
0.0 It.
115.0 ft'
6.0 in.
SCH 40
PVC
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
350.0 ft.
360.0 ft.
2.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC**
ft.
ft.
in.
18. GROUT
FROM
TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD & AMOUNT
0.0 ft.
332.0 ft'
P RR DBENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft.
115.0 ft.
POFTLMDBENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft'
35.0 ft'
PORTA DBENTONITE
SLURRY
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if applicable)
FROM
TO
MATERIAL I
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
345.0 rr•
365.0 rr.
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
ft.
ft.
20. DRILLING
LOG attach additional sheets if necessa
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION color, hardness, sauhtick type, grain sin, etc.)
0.0 ft.
25.0 ft.
BROWN SILTY SAND
25.0 rr.
37.0 rt.
PWR
37.0 rr•
400.0 rr•
ROCK
ft.
ft.
H.
ft.
ft.
ft.
rt.
rt.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 332.0 TO 345.0 FT & 365.0 TO 400.0 FT
**U-PACK SCREEN**
22. Certification:
Signature of Certified Well Contractor
03/27/19
Date
By signiui; this Jinn, I herehr certify that the wells) was (here) constructed in accordance
with 15A NC'AC 02C.0100 or 15.4 NCAC 02C.0200 Well Construction Sutmlard.v and that a
copy of this record has been provided to the well owner.
23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
construction details You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
SUBMITTAL INSTUCTIONS
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
12. Well construction method: AIR construction to the following:
(i a auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc )
Division of Water Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY: 1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
13a. Yield (gpm) Method of test: 24c. For Water Supply & Infection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
13b. Disinfection type: Amount: completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed.
Form G W-I North Carolina Department of Environmenl and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jan 2013

For Internal Use ONLY:
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION
ft.
ft.
rr.
rr.
15. OUTER CASING for multi -cased wells OR LINER if a licable
FROM
TO
DIAM EFER THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft
39.0 ft'
8.0 in. SCH 40
PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING(geothermal closed-loo
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft•
165.0 fL
2.0 i"'
SCH 40
PVC
0.0 ft•
150.0 fL
6.0 in.
SCH 40
PVC
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOT SIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
165.0 ft'
175.0 ft•
2.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC"
ft.
R,
in.
18. GROUT
FROM
I TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD &AMOUNT
0.0 ft'
140.0 ft'
PORT DBENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft-
150.0 ft-
PORTL DBENTONITE
SLURRY
0.0 ft'
39.0 ft'
PORTWDBENTONITE
SLURRY
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if applicable)
FROM
TO
MATERIAL I
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
160.0 ft•
180.0 ft•
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
tt.
tr.
20. DRILLING LOG attach additional sheets if necessary)
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION (color, hardness, soillreck type, train sin, etc.)
0.0 ft.
18.0 ft.
RED SILTY SAND
18.0 fr.
25.0 ft-
PWR
25.0 ft•
299.0 fr•
ROCK
rt.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
rr.
rr.
10"/18' CASING ALSO INSTALLED
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 144.0 TO 160.0 FT & 180.0 TO 299.0 FT
"U-PACK SCREEN"
22. Certification:
Signature of Certified Well Contractor
03/27/19
Date
By signing this form, I hereby certify that the ere/l(s) was (mere) constructed in accordance
with ISA NCAC 02C .0/00 or 15A NCAC 01C .0260 Well Construction Standards and that a
cop), ofthis record has been provided to the ire// ou-ner.
23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
8. Number of wells constructed: construction details. You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
For multiple injection or non -crater supply wells ONLY with the same construction, you can
suhndtone,/bra. SUBMITTAL INSTUCTIONS
9. Total well depth below land surface: 175.0
For multiple welly list all depths ifdifjerem (example- 3 a 200' and 2 rr l00')
10. Static water level below top of easing: 1.0
/Healer level is above casing, use '• � "
11. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875/10.0/12.0 (in.)
AUGER/AIR
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
1. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
List all applicable reel/ construction permits (i.e. County, State, Variance, etc.)
3. Well Use (check well use):
Water Supply Well:
❑Agricultural ❑Municipal/Public
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply) ❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Industrial/Commercial ❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
❑1rn ation
Non -Water Supply Well:
Injection Well:
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Aquiter Storage and Recovery
❑Aquiter Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsidence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under 421 F
4. Date Well(s) Completed: 01/23/19 well ID# GWA-67BRL
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID# (ifapplicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County Parcel Identification No. (PIN)
5b. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees:
(if well field, one lat/long is sufficient)
350 12' 63.16" N 810 47' 22.39" W
6. Is (are) the well(s): Permanent or ❑Temporary
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: 01'es or ONo
if This is a repair, fill out known ire// construction ht/orntation and explain the nature of the
repair under #21 retuarks section or on the back nfthts fbrm.
1
24a. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
(ft.) Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For lniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
12. Well construction method: construction to the following:
(i a auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc )
Division of Water Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY: 1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
13a. Yield (gpm) Method of test: 24c. For Water Supply & lniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
13b. Disinfection type: Amount: completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed.
Form G W-I North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jan. 2013

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
This form can be used for single or multiple wells
I. Well Contractor Information:
BRIAN THOMAS
Well Contractor Name
A - 2581
NC Well Contractor Certification Number
GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION, INC
Company Name
2. Well Construction Permit #:
List all applicable ivell construction permits (i.e. Comity, Stale, Variance, etc.)
3. Well Use (check well use):
❑Agricultural
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling Supply)
❑ Industrial/Commercial
❑Municipal/Public
❑Residential Water Supply (single)
❑Residential Water Supply (shared)
Non -Water Supply Well:
m M onitoring ❑ Recovery
❑Aquifer Recharge
❑Aquifer Storage and Recovery
❑Aquifer Test
❑Experimental Technology
❑Geothermal (Closed Loop)
❑Geothermal (Heating/Cooling
❑Groundwater Remediation
❑Salinity Barrier
❑Stormwater Drainage
❑Subsidence Control
❑Tracer
❑Other (explain under 921 F
4. Date NVell(s) Completed: 11/02/18 Well ID# GWA-67BR
5a. Well Location:
CLIFFSIDE STEAM STATION
Facility/Owner Name Facility ID# (ifapplicable)
573 DUKE POWER ROAD MOORESBORO 28114
Physical Address, City, and Zip
CLEVELAND
County
Parcel Identification No. (PIN)
For Internal Use UNLY:
14. WATER ZONES
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION
ft.
ft.
ft.
ft.
15. OUTER CASING for multi -cased wells OR LINER if a licable
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 rt•
39.0 a•
6.0 i"
SCH 40
PVC
16. INNER CASING OR TUBING(geothermal closed -loop)
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
0.0 ft'
102.5 It-
2.0 in.
SCH 40
PVC
ft.
ft.
in.
17. SCREEN
FROM
TO
DIAMETER
SLOTSIZE
THICKNESS
MATERIAL
102.5 e,
117.5 f.
2.0 in.
.010
SCH 40
PVC"
ft. I
ft.
in.
IS. GROUT
FROM
I TO
MATERIAL
EMPLACEMENT METHOD & AMOUNT
0.0 ft.
76.0 ft.
PORTLMaDaENTONiTE
SLURRY
0.0 rt•
39.0 ft-
PORTLUDaENTONITE
SLURRY
ft.
ft.
19. SAND/GRAVEL PACK if applicable)
FROM
TO
MATERIAL I
EMPLACEMENT METHOD
96.0 rr•
120.0 rr.
20-40
FINE SILICA SAND
ft.
fr.
20. DRILLING LOG attach additional sheets if necessary)
FROM
TO
DESCRIPTION color, hardness, soil/mck type, grain siu, etc.
0.0 rr•
23.0 a•
BROWN SILTY SAND
23.0 rt•
37.0 rt•
PWR
37.0 fr.
120.0 rt•
ROCK
ft.
ff.
ft.
fr.
rt.
rt.
21. REMARKS
BENTONITE SEAL FROM 76.0 TO 96.0 FEET
"U-PACK SCREEN"
5b. Latitude and Longitude in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees: 22. Certification:
(ifwell field, one lat/long is sufficient)
ggie 191 F_q 1 All N R1 D A7' 97 qQ"
6. Is (are) the well(s): ©Permanent or ❑Temporary
W
7. Is this a repair to an existing well: ❑Yes or ElNo
//'this is a repair, Jill our known well construction hr(brination and explain the nature oJ7he
repair under # 2l remarks section or on the back of this form.
1
Signature of Certified Well Contractor
03/27/19
Date
By signing this Jerre, l hereby cerlttfj, that the well(s) was (were) constructed in accordance
with 15A NC'AC 02C .0100 or 15A NCAC 02C.0200 Well Construction Standards and that a
copy gflhis record has been provided to the well owner.
23. Site diagram or additional well details:
You may use the back of this page to provide additional well site details or well
8. Number of wells constructed: construction details. You may also attach additional pages if necessary.
hor multiple hyeelion or non-irater supply wells ONLY with the same construction, you can
submit one fhrin. SUBMITTAL INSTUCTIONS
9. Total well depth below land surface: 117.5
Por multiple hells list all depths ifdiJJirent (example- 3 rt 200' and 2 rt /00 )
10. Static water level below top of casing: 41.0
/J)rater level is abore casing, use "+ "
11. Borehole diameter: 6.0/7.875 (in.)
241. For All Wells: Submit this form within 30 days of completion of well
construction to the following:
Division of Water Quality, Information Processing Unit,
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
24b. For lniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to the address in 24a
above, also submit a copy of this form within 30 days of completion of well
12. Well construction method: AIR construction to the following:
(i e. auger, rotary, cable, direct push, etc.)
Division orWater Quality, Underground Injection Control Program,
FOR WATER SUPPLY WELLS ONLY: 1636 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1636
I3a. Yield (gpm) Method of test: 24c. For Water Supply & lniection Wells: In addition to sending the form to
the address(es) above, also submit one copy of this form within 30 days of
13b. Disinfection type: Amount: completion of well construction to the county health department of the county
where constructed.
Form GW-I North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality Revised Jail 2013

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation
December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station
ATTACHMENT B
SynTerra
USGS FLASH RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

FLASH - Flow Log Analysis of Single Holes LAO
2.
REQUIRED Wril-,. Cliffside GWA-11BRL
INPUT:
Elevation of measuring point [FT] 0 un Solver n EsUnt ale Tlatlsml551Vpy
Number of Flow zones[-] 20 OEstlmate ROl
Well diameter [IN] 6
Dmwdown [FT] 12.50
Depth to ambient water level [FT] 14.2 C, SOW without Reg uM112atlon
Depth at bottom of casing [FT] 100.6
Depth at bottom of well [FT] 299.3 C' SGlvewltll Requ MRzatlon
Radius of influence (Re) [FT] 1000.0
Total tmnsmissivity (Truly) [FT'/day] 22.76
ABS(Ah) maximum 5.00E+00
Regularization weight 1.00E-04
Tfanor minimum[-] 1.00E-09
Flow above layer bottom depths
FRACTURES Bouom Depth [FT] Ambient [GPM] Stressed [GPM] Tfactor [FT-11)] Ah [FT] Farfield Mad [FT]
20
110
0.0101
1.1317
0.15
-0.01
-14.21
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
to
9
8
7
6
5
a
a
1
SIMULATED PROFILES (DO NOT EDIT)
MSE [GPMrJ 9.386080E-05 Sum Tyro, 1.000 Sum AhA2 0.0742085308537
Ambient W L [FT] -14.20 Estimated Ttotal [FT'/day] 22.760 Regularized Misfit 0.00
Pumped WL[FT] -26.70
Ambient Stressed Ambient Stressed
Depth Flow above Flow above Error Error Zone T Fraction of total
FRACTURES: [FT] [GPM] [GPM] [GPM] [GPM] [FT'/day] tratrsmisslvlly
20
110.16
0.012
1.132
-0
18
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
1a
s
6
4
3
2
1
Dashed lines
indmete-mtetiene or meeeured
do..
sdialines inn-i-leted
les.
.002
0.000
3.319
0.146
120.28
0.012
0.966
0.001
0.000
1.549
0.066
130.18
0.012
0.892
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
140.21
0.012
0.892
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
150.38
0.012
0.892
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
160A2
0.012
0.892
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
170.22
0.012
0.892
0.005
0.000
15.013
0.660
180.46
0.001
0.143
0.010
0.000
0.170
0.007
190.33
0.001
0.134
0.012
-0.011
0.000
0.000
200.23
0.001
0.134
0.011
-0.011
0.000
0.000
210.08
0.001
0.134
0.013
0.012
0.000
0.000
220.03
0.001
0.134
0.011
0.005
0.000
0.000
230.30
0.001
0.134
0.012
0.005
0.000
0.000
239.79
0.001
0.134
0.012
-0.017
0.000
0.000
249.99
0.001
0.134
0.012
0.016
0.587
0.026
260.27
0.001
0.105
0.011
0.000
0.063
0.003
270.22
0.001
0.102
0.011
-0.019
0.000
0.000
280.05
0.001
0.102
0.010
0.018
0.436
0.019
290.10
0.001
0.081
0.010
-0.001
1.030
0.045
298.18
0.000
0.029
0.021
0.000
0.593
0.026
Ambient Flow Profile
Pumped
Flow Profile
Upwartl Flow, in GPM
Upward Flow, In GPM
'Sn
0
I
I
�
1
I
1
1
I
11
_
c
i
I
11
}
1
I
GWA-118RL FL4aH

Total Transmisslvlty Calculated from Thlem Equation
Q (gpm) Q (ft /day) Drawdown, s (ft) R. (ft) R„ (in) R. (ft) T—
1 1 211 ]5 12 5 1000 3 0 250 22 36
FLASH Total T and Fit Parameters
Radius of
Transmisslvlty,
Influence, R.
TTOiu
MSE
Ah
F
(ft)
(ft'/day)
1000
1 22.76
9.39E-OS
7.42E-02
1.01E-04
Siu Test
Information - conducted In Com leted Wells
Screen Interval
Screen Interval
Mid -point Of. screen
Transmissivity
Hydraulic Aperture
Hydraulic
(ft, bgs)
(R BTOR]
interval
(ft3/tlay)
(mm)
�ondue""y
R da
GWA-IIBRL
145
24.83
0.26
2.48E+00
181
150
Notes:
1. Fallowing a logarithmic sensitivityanalysis of the F1 SH model to redius of influence, a conservative value of 3000 feet was used.
2. Objective function, F, for model Incoporates mean squared error (MSE) between Interpreted and predicted flow proflles and the sum of squared differences
(Ah) between the borehole's water level and far -field heads. Model objective is to minimize F; therefore, a value closer to zero indicates a better fit.
3. Model was run until no more iterations produced changes in output.
4. FLASH Software: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.J, 2011, FLASH: A Computer Program for Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes
v 1.0: U.S. Geoloqical Survey Software Release, 07 March 2011, https:/Idx.dol.orQ/10.5066/"319SZC.
5. FLASH Report: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.J., 2011, A computer program for Flow -log analysis of single holes (FLASH):
Ground Water, https://dx.dol.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00798..
6. Highlighted cells Indicate flow levels that do not have any observed open fractures an tl tlitl not contribute to total trans nissivlty. These depth Intervals
were not used for fracture spacing versus depth below top of rock figure because it is assumed that there are no fractures in these intervals.

FLASH - Flow Log Analysis of Single Holes LAU
150
UOO
OU
3541
REQUIRED Writ-U. Cliffside GWA-64BRL
INPUT:
Elevation of measuring point [FT] 0 un Solver n EsUnt ale Tratlaml551Vpt'
Number of Flow zones[-] 25 (1 Estimate ROl
Well diameter [IN] 6
Dmvvdown[FT] 2.00
Depth to ambient water level [FT] 67.5 O SOW without Reg uMrl2atlon
Depth at bottom of casing [FT] 85.2
Depth at bottom of well [FT] 298 C' SGlvewltll RequMRzatlon
Radius of influence (Re) [FT] 1000.0
Total tmnsmissivity (Taw) [FT'Iday] 87,74
ABS(Ah) maximum 5.00E+00
Regularization weight 1.00E-04
Tfanor minima H 1.00E-09
Flow above layer bottom depths
FRACTURES Bottom Depth [FT1 Ambient [GPM] Stressed [GPM] Tfactor [FT -ID] Ah [FT] Farfield Mad [FT]
25
106
-0.1274
0.6087
0.00
0.00
-67.50
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
18
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
6
a
2
1
SIMULATED PROFILES (DO NOT EDIT)
MSE [G PM'J 2.104245E-01 Sum Ty�w, 1.000 Sum dh^2 2.208s535548051
Ambient W L [FT] -67.50 Estimated Ttotal [FT'/day] 87.737 Regularized Midi 0.21
Pumped WL[FT] -69.50
Ambient Stressed Ambient Stressed
Depth Flow above Flow above Error Error Zone T Fraction of total
FRACTURES: [FT] [GPM] [GPM] [GPM] [GPM] [FT'/day] trammissivlly
25
24
23
21
21
20
19
18
17
18
15
14
19
12
11
10
e
T
8
5
4
3
2
1
D.ehed lines indicele
inle relalisns of measured
dale.
said lines indeatasimule[ea
Imo.
116
-0.1583
0.6087
0.00
0.00
-67.50
121
0.0227
0.6636
0.00
0.00
-67.50
126
0.0178
0.6636
0.00
0.00
-67.50
136
0.0177
0.6947
0.12
-0.38
-67.88
146
0.0164
0.4513
0.00
0.00
-67.50
156
0.0194
0.7275
0.00
0.06
-67.44
161
0.0073
0.5612
0.40
1.04
-66.46
166
-0.2405
0.1748
0.48
-0.99
-68.49
105.94
-0.038
0.652
-0.089
-0.044
0.000
0.000
116.00
-0.038
0.652
-0.120
-0.044
0.000
0.000
121.33
-0.038
0.652
0.061
0.011
0.000
0.000
126.24
-0.038
0.652
0.056
0.011
0.000
0.000
136.18
-0.038
0.652
0.056
0.042
10.668
0.122
146.00
-0.022
0.584
0.039
-0.133
0.000
0.000
156.16
-0.022
0.584
0.042
0.143
0.357
0.004
161.32
-0.022
0.581
0.030
-0.020
34.680
0.395
166.28
-0.ifi4
0.167
-0.076
0.008
42.031
0.479
171.11
0.000
0.000
-1.045
-0.595
0.000
0.000
176.21
0.000
0.000
-0.685
-0.715
0.000
0.000
186.01
0.000
0.000
-1.000
-0.792
0.000
0.000
196.38
0.000
0.000
-0.792
-0.650
0.000
0.000
205.96
0.000
0.000
-0.685
-0.715
0.000
0.000
216.03
0.000
0.000
-1.000
-0.885
0.000
0.000
221.08
0.000
0.000
-1.072
-0.885
0.000
0.000
226.10
0.000
0.000
-0.040
-0.015
0.000
0.000
235.98
0.000
0.000
0.010
0.009
0.000
0.000
246.19
0.000
0.000
0.015
0.008
0.000
0.000
256.18
0.000
0.000
0.013
0.009
0.000
0.000
266.35
0.000
0.000
0.014
0.008
0.000
0.000
275.38
0.000
0.000
0.015
0.007
0.000
0.000
281.38
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.009
0.000
0.000
286.06
0.000
0.000
0.016
0.012
0.000
0.000
295.99
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ambient
Flow Profile
Pumped
Flow Profile
Upwartl
Flow,in GPM
Upward Flow,in GPM
J
r
1
t
Ir
r-
_
1
_
r
11
el
�
--
r
I-
GWAiWBRL FLASH

0�0
a
Total TransmissivityCalculated from Thiem Equation
Q (SP.) Q (ft2/daY) Drawdown. s (ft) Re (ft) R. (In) R. (R) Trorac 2/day)
1 1 2 2 1000 2 12]
FLASH Total T and Fit Parameters
Radius of
Transmissivity,
Influence, Re
TT
MSE
Ah
F
(ft)
(R2/day)
1000
8].]4
1 2.10E-01
2.21E+00
2.11E-01
Slu Test Information - Conducted in Com leted Well
Screen Interval
SCro0n Interval
Mid -point Of screen
Transmissivity
Hydraulic Aperture
rau Hydlie
(ft, bill
(R .TOR)
interval
(ft2/tlay)
(mm)
Conductivity
(ft/tlay)
GWA-648RL
235
197
192
532.92
0.67
5.33E+O1
Notes:
1. Following a logarithmic sensitivity analysis of the FLASH model to radius of Influence, a conservative value of 1000 feet was used
2. Objective function, F, for model Incoporates mean squared error (MSE) between Interpreted and predicted Flow profiles and the sum of squared differences
(Ah) between the borehole's water level and far -field heads. Model objective is to minimize F; therefore, a value closer to zero indicates a better fit.
3. Model was run until no more Iterations produced changes In output.
4. FLASH Software: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Helford, K.J, 2011, FLASH: A Computer Program for Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes
v 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Software Release, 07 March 2011, https://d..d.i..rg/10.5066/F7319SZC.
S. FLASH Report: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.J., 2011, A computer program for Flow -log analysis of single Was (FLASH):
Ground Water, https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00798..
6. Highlighted cells indicate Flow levels that do not have any observed open fractures and did not contribute to total transmissivity. These depth intervals
were not used for fracture spacing versus depth below top of rock figure because It Is assumed that there are no fractures In these intervals.

FLASH - Flow Log Analysis of Single Holes talka
t
o
mbient Flow Profile
Upward Flow, in GPM
e[
I
I
r
1
�
j210
l+
1
1
^e
1
le
1
1
F
1
Pumped
10
c
410
Flow Profile
Upward Flow, In GPM
•
•
I
1
•
•
REQUIRED Wril-, Cliffside GWA-65BRL
INPUT:
Elevation of measuring point [FT] 0 un Solver j n EsUnn ale TrensmisslVpy
Number of Flow zones[-] 30 0Esumale ROl
Well diameter [IN] 6
Drawdown [FT] 1940.
Depth to ambient water level [FT] 10.9 O SOW without Regularl2atlon
Depth at bottom of casing [FT] 103.3
Depth at bottom of well [FT] 402.4 C' SGlvewlih Requiarintion
Radius of influence (Re) [FT] 1000.0
Total tmnsmissivity (T..) [FT'/day] 4.15
ABS(Ah) maximum 5.00E+00
Regularization weight 1.00E-04
Tfanor minimum[-] 1.00E-09
Flow above layer bottom depths
FRACTURES Bottom Depth [FT1 Ambient [GPM] Stressed [GPM] Tfactor [FT -ID] Ah [FT] Farfield Mad [FT]
30
111
0.0094
0.3177
0.07
0.00
-10.90
29
28
z]
zfi
25
za
23
22
21
za
19
18
1]
18
15
is
13
12
11
10
9
8
6
5
a
3
1
SIMULATED PROFILES (DO NOT EDIT)
MSE [GPM, 1.254865E-04 Sum Tye, 1.000 Sum dh^2 0.0279251265794
Ambient W L [FT] 10.90 Estimated Ttotal [FT'/day] 4.152 Regularized Midi 0.00
Pumped WL[FT] -30.30
Ambient Stressed Ambient Stressed
Depth Flow above Flow above Error Error Zone T Fraction of total
FRACTURES: [FT] [GPM] [GPM] [GPM] [GPM] [FT'/day] transmisslvlly
30
28
28
27
28
25
24
23
21
20
19
18
1]
ifi
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
s
7
fi
5
4
3
2
1
Dashed lines
Indmete- retadam or meeeured
do..
sdia lines inn
aaei--d las.
121
0.0100
0.2509
0.00
0.00
-10.90
131
0.0098
0.3348
0.00
0.00
-10.90
141
0.0103
0.3022
0.16
0.02
-10.88
151
0.0083
o.zala
0.00
0.00
-10.90
161
0.0061
0.2517
0.27
0.04
-10.86
171
0.0085
0.1597
0.10
0.02
-10.88
181
0.0052
0.1292
0.02
0.00
-10.90
191
0.0149
0.1232
0.06
0.01
-10.89
zo1
o.olza
o.0978
0.00
0.00
-10.90
211
0.0107
0.0960
0.00
0.00
-10.90
221
0.0107
0.0919
0.00
0.00
-10.90
231
0.0129
0.1127
0.00
0.00
-10.90
za1
0.0123
0.1151
0.00
0.00
-10.90
251
0.0137
0.1037
0.01
0.00
-10.90
261
0.0124
0.0997
0.00
0.00
-10.90
271
0.0086
0.0997
0.02
0.01
-10.89
281
0.0098
0.0809
0.00
0.00
-10.90
291
0.0097
0.0822
0.00
0.00
-10.90
301
0.0109
0.1080
0.00
0.00
-10.90
311
0.0090
0.1037
0.02
0.01
-10.89
320
0.0113
0.0863
0.03
0.02
-10.88
331
0.0081
0.0727
0.00
0.00
-10.90
341
0.0093
0.0809
0.00
0.00
-10.90
351
0.0091
0.0749
0.21
0.14
-10.76
361
0.0083
0.0078
0.00
0.00
-10.90
371
0.0086
0.0101
0.00
0.00
-10.90
381
0.0077
0.0092
0.01
0.00
-10.90
391
0.0075
0.0066
0.02
0.02
-10.88
401
0.0123
0.0000
0.00
0.00
-10.90
110.69
0.001
0.316
0.009
0.000
0.285
0.069
120.76
0.001
0.296
0.009
-0.045
0.000
0.000
130.66
0.001
0.296
0.009
0.039
0.000
0.000
140.66
0.001
0.296
0.010
0.006
0.647
0.156
150.79
0.001
0.247
0.006
-0.005
0.000
0.000
160.78
0.001
0.247
0.005
0.005
1.137
0.274
170.85
0.001
0.160
0.006
0.000
0.399
0.096
180.52
0.001
0.129
0.005
0.000
0.077
0.019
190.77
0.001
0.123
0.014
0.000
0.266
0.064
200.70
0.001
0.103
0.012
-0.005
0.000
0.000
210.96
0.001
0.103
0.010
-0.007
0.000
0.000
220.59
0.001
0.103
0.010
-0.011
0.000
0.000
230.69
0.001
0.103
0.012
0.010
0.000
0.000
240.91
0.001
0.103
0.012
0.012
0.000
0.000
250.80
0.001
0.103
0.013
0.001
0.041
0.010
260.78
0.001
0.100
0.012
0.000
0.000
0.000
270.76
0.001
0.100
0.006
0.000
0.079
0.019
280.74
0.001
0.094
0.009
-0.013
0.000
0.000
291.01
0.001
0.094
0.009
-0.012
0.000
0.000
300.70
0.001
0.094
0.010
0.014
0.000
0.000
310.91
0.001
0.094
0.009
0.010
0.095
0.023
320.45
0.000
0.086
0.011
0.000
0.127
0.031
330.50
0.000
0.077
0.008
-0.004
0.000
0.000
340.77
0.000
0.077
0.009
0.004
0.001
0.000
350.82
0.000
0.077
0.009
-0.002
0.886
0.213
360.67
0.000
0.008
0.008
-0.001
0.000
0.000
370.73
0.000
0.006
0.009
0.002
0.000
0.000
380.65
0.000
0.006
0.006
0.001
0.022
0.005
390.83
0.000
0.007
0.007
0.000
0.089
0.021
400.55
0.000
0.000
0.012
0.000
0.000
0.000
GWA-F58RL FL4aH

M
� ally
EL
IM��
o
m
AN
m
Aypr 0.08
Total Transmlasivlty Calculated from Thlem Equation
Q(gam) Q (ft /day) Drawdown, s (ft) Re (ft) -,I")
Rw (ft) Trorac (ft'/day)
0.75 144 375 19 4 1000 3 0 250 9 82
FLASH Total T and Fit Parameters
Radius of
Transmisslylty,
Influence, flu
T—
MSE
Oh
F
(ft)
(ft'/day)
5000
4.15
1.25E-04
2.19E-02
1.28E-04
Slu Test
Information - Conducted
In Completed Well
Screen Interval
Screen Interval
Mid -point of screen
Transmisswity
Hydraulic Aperture
Hydraulic
(fy bgs)
(ft BTOR)
Interval
(ft2/day)
(mm)
Conductivity
ft da
GWA-656RL
3�0360
117
323
1.78
0.11
1.78E-01
327.5
Nate%:
1. Following a logarithmic sensitivity analysis of the FLASH model to radius of Influence, a conservative value of 1000 feet was used.
2. Objective function, F, for model incoporates mean squared error (MSE) between Interpreted and predicted Flow profiles and the sum of squared differences
(Ah) between the borehole's water level and far -field heads. Model objective is to minimize F; therefore, a value closer to zero indicates a better fit.
3. Model was run until no more iterations produced changes In output.
4. FLASH Software: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.J, 2011, FLASH: A Computer Program for Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes
v1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Software Release, 07 March 2011, https:/Idx.dol.orq/10.5066/F7319SZC.
5. FLASH Report: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.J., 2011, A computer program for Flow -log analysis of single holes (FLASH):
Ground Water, https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00798.,
6. Highlighted cells Indicate Flow levels that do not have any observed open factures an tl ditl not contribute to total transmissivity. These depth Intervals
were not used for fracture spacing versus depth below top of rock figure because it is assumed Mat there are no fractures in these intervals.

Writ-,. Cliffside GWA-66BRL
Elevation of measuring point [FT]
0
Number of Flow zones[-]
19
Well diameter [IN]
5.6
Drawdown [FT]
12.50
Depth to ambient water level [FT]
18.5
Depth at bottom of casing [FT]
134.9
Depth at bottom of well [FT]
301.1
Radius of influence (Ro) [FT]
1000.0
Total tmnsmissivity (T..) [FT'/day]
20,48
Flow abovalayarbottom depths
Bottom Depth [FTI Ambient [GPM] Stressed [G
[-0' E5111111 ale Tren91n1HIl" I
n Estlmate ROI 1
O Solve whhout Regularl2afion
C' SGlvewlth Requ MRZetlon
ABS(Ah) maximum 5.00E+00
Regularization weight 1.00E-04
Tfanormieimnm[-) 1.00E-09
Ah rFTI Farfield Mad
150
0.0000
0.8922
0.00
0.00
-18.50
160
0.0000
0.8922
0.00
0.00
-18.50
170
0.0000
0.8922
0.00
0.00
-18.56
180
0.0000
0.8027
0.00
0.00
-18.50
190
0.0000
0.8922
0.00
0.00
-18.56
200
0.0042
1.0000
0.00
0.00
-18.50
210
0.0000
0.8922
0.09
0.00
-18.56
220
0.0069
0.8027
0.00
0.00
-18.50
230
0.0060
0.8027
0.00
0.00
-18.50
240
0.0000
0.8027
0.00
0.00
-18.50
250
0.0000
0.8027
0.00
0.00
-18.50
255
0.0115
0.8027
0.52
0.22
-18.28
260
-0.0466
0.2749
0.00
0.00
-18.50
270
-0.0546
0.2749
0.27
-0.38
-18.88
275
0.0097
0.0117
0.00
0.00
-18.50
280
0.0095
0.0086
0.00
0.00
-18.56
290
0.0093
0.0070
0.01
-0.01
-18.51
298
0.0000
0.0000
0.00
0.00
-18.50
MSE [GPMrJ 6.221920E-04
Ambient W L [FTJ -18.50
Pumped WL[FTJ -31.00
FRACTURES:
19
18
17
to
1s
14
13
12
11
19
Depth
Sum Tye, 1.000 Sum dh^2 0.1934403001941
Estimated Ttotal[FT'/day] 20.485 Regulerl,w ti 0,00
Ambient Stressed Ambient Stressed
Flow above Flow above Error Error Zone T Fraction of total
139.98
0.001
1.000
-0.001
0.000
2.147
0.105
149.89
0.001
0.895
-0.001
-0.003
0.000
0.006
160.35
0.001
0.895
-0.001
-0.003
0.000
0.000
170.07
0.001
0.895
-0.001
-0.003
0.000
0.006
180.08
0.001
0.895
-0.001
-0.093
0.000
0.000
190.10
0.001
0.895
-0.001
-0.003
0.000
0.006
199.74
0.001
0.895
0.004
0.105
0.062
0.003
210.13
0.001
0.892
-0.001
0.000
1.833
0.089
220.11
0.001
0.803
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
230.38
0.001
0.803
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
240.21
0.001
0.803
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
250.34
0.001
0.803
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
255.27
0.001
0.803
0.011
0.000
10.618
0.518
259.72
-0.008
0.276
-0.038
-0.001
0.000
0.006
270.17
-0.008
0.276
-0.046
-0.001
5.627
0.275
274.99
0.000
0.010
0.010
0.002
0.020
0.001
279.87
0.000
0.009
0.009
0.000
0.032
0.002
290.06
0.000
0.007
0.009
0.000
0.144
0.007
297.99
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ambient Flow Profile
Pumped
Flow Profile
OT
Upward Flow, in GPM
0
Upward Flow, in GPM
1.
10
1
z
i
If
2
y
1�
T
1
GWA-66BRL FLASH

GWA-66BRL FLASH R­It, and Individual Hydraulic Ap­­ Val...
�
AMBIENT FLOW
PUMPED FLOW
a
Total Transmissiyity Calculated from Thiem Equation
Q (gpm) OW 'day) Drawdown, a (ft) Re (ft) R,., (In) Rw (ft) TtotAi (ft'/day)
1 ­.112.6 1000 2. 0.233 20.50
FLASH Total T antl Fit Parameters
Radius of
Transmissivity,
Influence, Re
TT
MSE
Ah
F
(ft)
(ft2/day)
1000
20.48
6.22E-04
1.93E-01
6.42E-04
Screen Interval
Slu Test
Screen Interval
Information - Conducted
Mid -point Of screen
In Cum leted Well
Transmisslvity
Hydraulic Aperture
HYdraulic
(ft, bgs)
(R BTOR)
interval
(ft3/day)
(mm)
Conduptivity
(ft/day)
GWA-66BRL
264
190
200
192.16
0.32
9.64E+00
2J4
230
Motes:
1. Following a logarithmic sensitivity analysis of the FLASH model to radius of Influence, a conservative value of 1000 feet was used.
2. Objective function, F, for model incgporates mean squared error (MSE) between interpreted and predicted flaw profiles and the sum of squared differences
(Ah) between the borehole's water level and far -field heads. Model objective Is to minimize F; therefore, a value closer to zero Indicates a better fit.
3. Model was run until no more iterations produced changes in output.
4. FLASH Soffware: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.J, 2011, FLASH: A Computer Program for Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes
v 1.0: U.S. Geoloqical Survey Software Release, 07 March 2011, https:/Idx.dol.orQ/10.5066/"319SZC.
5. FLASH Report: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halfard, K.J., 2011, A computer program for Flow -log analysis of single holes (FLASH):
Ground Water, https://dx.dol.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00798.,
6. Highlighted cells Indicate flow levels that do not have any observed open fractures an tl ditl not contribute to total transmissivity. These depth Intervals
were not used for fracture spacing versus depth below top of rock figure because it is assumed Mat there are no fractures in these intervals.

I
Writ—,. Cliffside GWA-67BRL
Elevation of measuring point [FT]
0
Number of Flow zones[-]
15
Well diameter [IN]
5.5
Drawdown [FT]
0.10
Depth to ambient water level [FT]
1.5
Depth at bottom of casing [FT]
149
Depth at bottom of well [FT]
296.4
Radius of influence (Re) [FT]
1000.0
Total tmnsmissivity (T..) [FT'/day]
2174.23
Flow above layer bottom depths
Bottom Depth [FTI Ambient [GPM] Stressed [G
1 Solver C' ESllm ele TransmisslVlry
�' Estlmate ROI
C' Solve without Regular, ;a ---.
C' SGlvewltll Requ MRZeOon
ABS(Ah) maximum 5.00E+00
Regularization weight 1.00E-04
TfaRor mlaimvm [-) 1.00E-09
Ah [FTJ Farfield Mad
MSE 1GPM1 2.954309E-02
Ambient W L [FT]
Pumped WL[FTJ
FRACTURES:
15
14
13
12
11
10
Depth
Sum Tyr 1.000 Sum dh^2 2.220856180708s
Estimated Ttotal[FT'/day] 2174.232 Regulerl,w Misfit 0.03
Ambient Stressed Ambient Stressed
Flow above Flow above Error Error Zone T Fraction of total
I I��
11�1�
1111
1111
®'� '
1 :1�
11 •
11 :�
11
���
11•
I1:1
1111
1111
111•
11
11 1
111
1111
1111
Ambient Flow Profile
Pumped
Flow Profile
Upward Flow, in GPM
Upward Flow, in GPM
1
10
II
1
•
i
+1116.i
I1
•
1
•
GWA-6713RL FLASH

GWA-67BRL FLASH R—It, and Individual Hydraulic Alpert— Val...
Total Transmissivity Cal<ulated from Thiem Equation
Q (gpm) Q (ft2/day) D—d—, s (ft) Re (ft) Rw (In) Rw (ft) Trmac (R2/day)
1 192.5 0.1 1000 2.]5 0.229 256].]3
FLASH Total T and Fit Parameters
Total Transmissivity Cal<ulated from Thiem Equation
Q (gpm) Q (ft2/day) D—d—, s (ft) Re (ft) Rw (In) Rw (ft) Trmac (R2/day)
1 192.5 0.1 1000 2.]5 0.229 256].]3
FLASH Total T and Fit Parameters
Radiusof
Transmissivity,
Influence, Re
T—
MSE
Ah
F
(ft)
(R2/day)
1000
21]4.23
2.95E-02
2.22E+00
2.98E-02
Slu Test Information - Conducted in Com leted Well
Screen Interval
Screen Interval
Mid -point of screen
Transmissivity
Hydrauli<Aperture
Hydraulic
ConducdvIty
(ft, bgs)
(ft BTOR)
Interval
(ft2/day)
(on
ft da
GWA-67BRL
144
3fi9.92
0.53
3.70E+01
180
149
Notes:
1. Following a logarithmic sensitivity analysis of the FLASH model to radius of Influence, a conservative value of 1000 feet was used.
2. Objective function, F, for model incgporates mean squared error (MSE) between interpreted and predicted Flaw profiles and the sum of squared differences
(Ah) between the borehole's water level and far -field heads. Model objective Is to minimize F; therefore, a value closer to zero Indicates a better fit.
3. Model was run until no more iterations produced changes in output.
4. FLASH Software: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.J, 2011, FLASH: A Computer Program for Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes
v 1.0: U.S. Geoloqical Survey Software Release, 07 March 2011, https://dx.dol.orq/10.5066/"319SZC.
5. FLASH Report: Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., Palllst, F.L., and Halford, K.J., 2011, A computer program for Flow -log analysis of single holes (FLASH):
Ground Water, https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00798.,
6. Highlighted cells Indicate Flow levels that do not have any observed open fractures and did not contribute to total transmissivlty. These depth Intervals
were not used for fracture spacing versus depth below top of rock figure because it is assumed that there are no fractures in these intervals.

FLASH - Flow Log Analysis of Single Holes LAO
1.
41
REQUIRED Writ-,. Cliffside GWA-68BRL
INPUT:
Elevation of measuring point [FT] 0 un Solver n E511m ale Tran9misslvpy
Number of Flow zones[-] 32 0Estimate ROl
Well diameter [IN] 6
Dmwdown [FT] 0.30
Depth to ambient water level [FT] 7.9 O SOW without Reg uMrl2atlon
Depth at bottom of casing [FT] 115.6
Depth at bottom of well [FT] 398.8 C' SGlvewltll RequMRzatlon
Radius of influence (Re) [FT] 1000.0
Total tmnsmissivity (Truly) [FT'/day] 542.11
ABS(Ah) maximum 5.00E+00
Regularization weight 1.00E-04
Tfanor minimum [-] 1.00E-09
Flow above layer bottom depths
FRACTURES Bottom Depth [FT1 Ambient [GPM] Stressed [GPM] Tfactor [FT -ID] Ah [FT] Fairfield Mad [FT]
32
125
0.0108
0.7275
0.16
-0.63
-8.53
31
30
29
28
27
28
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
8
5
a
2
1
SIMULATED PROFILES (DO NOT EDIT)
MSE [GPMrJ 1.333468E-02 Sum Tyro, 1.000 Sum dh^2 2.9541a51527996
Ambient W L [FT] Estimated Ttotal [FT'/day] 542.112 RsBulerized Misfit 0.01
Pumped WL[FT] -8.20
Ambient Stressed Ambient Stressed
Depth Flow above Flow above Error Error Zone T Fraction of total
FRACTURES: [FT] [GPM] [GPM] [GPM] [GPM] [FT'/day] tratrsmisslvlly
32
w
28
28
27
2s
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
s
6
5
4
3
2
1
Doshed lines
indmote-mtetione or meoeured
do..
sdia lines inn-i-lotea
les.
135
0.0093
0.6955
0.00
0.00
-7.90
1a5
o.oz71
o.89zz
0.00
0.00
-7.90
I50
0.3535
0.6636
0.00
0.00
-7.90
155
0.6636
1.0000
0.54
-0.26
-8.16
165
0.5612
0.6087
0.00
0.00
-7.90
175
0.6087
0.8922
0.00
0.00
-7.90
180
0.6636
0.6636
0.09
0.96
-6.94
185
0.3348
0.4513
0.00
0.00
-7.90
195
0.0707
0.1620
0.00
0.00
-7.90
200
0.4513
0.6636
0.00
0.00
-7.90
205
0.4834
0.5612
0.00
0.00
-7.90
215
0.3742
0.4634
0.00
0.00
-7.90
225
0.5198
0.7275
0.00
0.00
-7.90
235
0.4834
0.5612
0.00
0.00
-7.90
245
0.3972
0.5612
0.03
0.57
-7.33
255
0.3742
0.4513
0.00
0.00
-7.90
265
0.3742
0.4634
0.00
0.00
-7.90
275
0.3535
0.4513
0.00
0.00
-7.90
285
0.2880
0.3442
0.00
0.00
-7.90
295
0.3022
0.6087
0.00
0.00
-7.90
305
o.37az
o.a63a
0.03
0.52
-7.38
315
0.3022
0.3742
0.00
0.00
-7.90
325
0.2414
0.3742
0.00
0.00
-7.90
335
0.4227
0.4634
0.00
0.00
-7.90
345
0.3022
0.3742
0.00
0.00
-7.90
355
0.2517
0.4513
0.15
0.99
-6.91
360
0.0110
0.0085
0.00
0.00
-7.90
365
0.0103
0.0080
0.00
0.00
-7.90
375
0.0104
0.0111
0.00
0.00
-7.90
385
0.0115
0.0082
0.00
0.00
-7.90
395
0.0125
0.0049
0.00
0.00
-7.90
124.66
0.055
0.695
Ambient Flow Profile
Pumped
Flow Profile
Upwartl Flow,in GPM
Upward Flow,in GPM
1
1
�-1
1
1
�
1
s
1
GWA-fiBBRL FLASH

ssi�sarxrz>_��sav����lrzr��m:�:�
1. Follo ga oga mm��aena�ti�in........or Me.""modal..realusofhmueree.a.onaervaave value of.... rat wad pain.
c. Objective —t-, F, for model Inmporatez mean squared error (MSE) between Interpreted and p-1—d now profiles ana the sum of squared dlBerencez
ent between Me borehole': water level ana far -field heads. nodal Objective is to minimize F; therefore, a value closer M zero indicates a better fit.
. Model was run until no more I-1— produced mange: In output.
RASH software: Ny-Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. D., POIl , F.L., ana Mai—, K.), 2011, FIASn: A Computer -gram for Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes
Ical S.—S.—Release, 07 Minh g011. nttps://dx.dol.ore/1(.5066/Flll9szc.
51 RASH F p , Day -Lewis, F.D., Johnson, C. 0., paillft, F.L., ana Mai—, K.J., 2011, A computer Program for fi0w-I.g analysis of single Holes (FLASH):
Grouts Water, httpz://dK.dol.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2Dll.o0198..
. nlghligh- cells Indicate Flow levels that do not have any observed open kaRures and did not contribute to total tmnemlezlvlty. These depth Intervals were
not used Po'
fracture spacing versus ftdh below top of rock figure because it is assumed Mat there are no hactures m Mere intervals.

Wol—,. Cliffside MW-11BRL
Elevation of measuring point [FT]
0
Number of Flow zones[-]
10
Well diameter [IN]
5.5
Drawdown [FT]
17.50
Depth to ambient water level [FT]
73.8
Depth at bottom of casing [FT]
207.7
Depth at bottom of well [FT]
301.7
Radius of influence (Ro) [FT]
1000.0
Total tmnsmissivity (T..) [FT'/day]
1.29
Flow above layer bottom depth.
Bottom Depth [FTI Ambient [GPM] Stressed [G
211 0.0000 0.0660
[-1'Eslllnele Tren9missl1" 1
I
n Esgmale ROI
C' Solve whhout Regul". afion
C' SGlvewlth Requ MRzetlon
ABS(Ah) maximum 5.00E+00
Regularization weight 1.00E-04
Tfanormiaimem[-) 1.00E-09
Ah rFTI Farfield Mad
MSE [GPMI 1.026708E-04
Ambient W L [FTJ -73.80
Pumped WL[FTJ -91.30
FRACTURES:
10
Depth
[FT1
Sum Tye,
1.000
Sum AhA2
0.0055439599373
Estimated
Ttotal[FT'/day]
1.293
Regularl,w Misfit
0.00
Ambient
Stressed
Ambient
Stressed
Flow above
Flow above
Error
Error Zone T Fraction of total
[GPM]
[GPM]
[GPM]
[GPM] [FT'/day] transmisslvlly
1111
11::
1111
11
1111
1111
1111
11::
111
I11
1111
1111
®'
1111
11::
1111
I11:
1111
1111
1111
11::
111•
I11•
1111
1111
1 111
1 111
1 11 •
1111
1 111
1 111
Ambient Flow Profile
Pumped
Flow Profile
OT
Upward Flow, in GPM
s 0
Upward Flow, In GPM
f
MW-11BRLFLASH

o
Total Transmissivlty Calculated from Thlem Equation
Q (gprn) Q (ft /day) Drawdown, s (ft) R. (ft) R. (in) R. (ft) T_.L (ftz/day)
0.1 19.25 1].5 1 2.]5 0.229 1.47
FLASH Total T and Fit Parameters
Radius of
rransmissivity,
Intluenoe, Ra
TTOre
MSE
Ah
F
(ft)
(fit day)
1000
1 1.29
1.03E-04
5.54E-03
1.03E-04
Slu Test Information - Conducted in Com letetl Well
Screen Interval Screen Interval Mid -point Of screen Transmissivity Hydraulic Aperture Hydraulic
et'
s R TOR, R2 da Conduativit
MW-11BRL 302 2]2 267 153.64 0.62 1.54E+01
Notes:
1. Fallowing a logarithmic sensitivity analysis of the FLASH model to radius of influence, a conservative value of 1000 feet was used.
2. Objective function, F, for model Incoporates mean squared error (MSE) between interpreted and predicted Flow profiles and the sum of squared differences
(Ah) between Me borehole's water level and far-feld heads. Model objective is to minimize F; therefore, a value closer to are indicates a better ft.
3. Model was run until no more Ito,tlons produced changes in output.
4. FLASH Software: Day -Lewis, F.D., ]ohnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.], 2011, FLASH: A Computer Program for Flow -Log Analysis of Single Holes
v1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Software Release, 07 March 2011, https:Hd..d.i..,g/10.5066/F7319SZC.
5. FLASH Report: Day -Lewis, F.D., ]ohnson, C. D., Paillet, F.L., and Halford, K.l., 2011, A computer program for Flow -log analysis of single holes (FLASH):
Ground Water, https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00798..
6. Highlighted cells indicate Flow levels that do not have any observed open fractures and did not contribute to total transmissivity. These depth intervals
were not used for fracture spacing versus depth below top of rock figure because It Is assumed that there are no fractures In these Intervals.

Fractured Bedrock Evaluation
December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station
ATTACHMENT C
GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING REPORT
SynTerra

Solutions
821 Livingston Court, Suite E
Marietta, GA 30067
770.980.1002
Geophysical Logging Report
GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL,
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro, North Carolina
Performed for:
SynTerra
April 19, 2019
problem solved

Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL,
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro, North Carolina
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
SignaturePage..................................................................................................................................ii
ExecutiveSummary......................................................................................................................... iii
1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 Equipment and Methodology................................................................................................ 1
2.1 Acoustic Televiewer...................................................................................................... 1
2.2 Optical Televiewer........................................................................................................ 2
2.3 3-Arm Caliper................................................................................................................ 2
2.4 Fluid Temperature........................................................................................................ 2
2.5 Fluid Conductivity......................................................................................................... 2
2.6 Single Point Resistance(SPR)........................................................................................ 3
2.7 Spontaneous Potential (SP).......................................................................................... 3
2.8 Heat Pulse Flowmeter(HPF)......................................................................................... 3
2.9 Impeller Flowmeter...................................................................................................... 3
3.0 Field Procedures.................................................................................................................... 4
4.0 Data Processing and Results.................................................................................................. 5
Appendices
Appendix 1 Fracture Summary Table
Appendix 2 Schmidt Stereonets and Rose Diagrams
Appendix 3 Heat Pulse Flowmeter Logs and Fracture Characteristics
Appendix 4 Geophysical Logs
problem solved

Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL, April 19, 2019
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL Page ii
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro, North Carolina (synt00118)
SIGNATURE PAGE
This report, entitled "Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL,
GWA-65 BRL, GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL, Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro,
North Carolina " has been prepared for SynTerra located in Greenville, South Carolina. It has been prepared
under the supervision of Mr. Jorgen Bergstrom at the request of and the exclusive use of SynTerra. This
report has been prepared in accordance with accepted quality control practices and has been reviewed by
the undersigned.
GEL Solutions, LLC
A Member of the GEL Group, Inc.
Jorgen Bergstrom, P.Gp.
Senior Geophysicist
Nicholas Rebman
Geophysical Specialist
April 19, 2019
Date
problem solved

Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL, April 19, 2019
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL Page iii
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro, North Carolina (synt00118)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
GEL Solutions performed geophysical borehole logging services in eight borings located at Cliffside Steam
Station in Mooresboro, North Carolina. The field investigations were performed between November 28, 2018
and December 18, 2018 during two separate mobilizations. This investigation was conducted to aid SynTerra in
evaluating potential pathways for groundwater migration through fractured bedrock at the site. The
geophysical logs consisted of acoustic televiewer, optical televiewer, caliper, fluid conductivity, fluid
temperature, single point resistance (SPR), spontaneous potential (SP), heat pulse flowmeter (HPF), and
impeller flowmeter. HPF logging was conducted under ambient conditions for all wells, and under pumping
conditions for all wells except GWA-21 BRL, since this boring exhibited artesian condition. Since GWA-21 BRL
was producing approximately 20 gpm, which is well above the upper detection limit for HPF, impeller
flowmeter logging was added for GWA-21 BRL in an attempt to evaluate flow in the section of the borehole
above the artesian fracture.
The logging data was analyzed to determine the location and orientation of fractures and other features.
In addition to these data sets, synthetic caliper logs were calculated from the acoustic televiewer travel time
data to aid in the interpretation. Dip and azimuth (dip direction) were calculated for each detected fracture
based on the televiewer dataset. HPF data was analyzed to detect water producing fractures.
problem solved

Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL, April 19, 2019
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL Page 1
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro, North Carolina (synt00118)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
GEL Solutions performed geophysical borehole logging services in eight borings located at Cliffside Steam
Station in Mooresboro, North Carolina. The geophysical logs consisted of acoustic and optical televiewer, 3-
arm caliper, fluid conductivity, fluid temperature, single point resistance (SPR), spontaneous potential (SP),
heat pulse flowmeter (HPF), and impeller flowmeter. The field investigation was performed between
November 28, 2018 and December 18, 2018. The logging data was analyzed to determine the location and
orientation of fractures and other features. In addition to these data sets, synthetic caliper logs were
calculated from the acoustic televiewer travel time data to aid in the interpretation.
2.0 EQUIPMENT AND METHODOLOGY
The information below is an overview of the geophysical methodologies used for this investigation. The
intent of this overview is to give the reader a better understanding of each method, and background information
as to what is actually measured, the resolution of the method, and the limitations imposed by site -specific
subsurface conditions.
2.1 Acoustic Televiewer
Acoustic televiewer (ATV) logging produces a high resolution, magnetically oriented digital image of the
borehole wall to map the location and orientation of intersecting fractures, foliations, and lithologic contacts.
The Acoustic televiewer tool emits a rotating, narrow, acoustic beam that is reflected off the borehole wall.
The travel time and amplitude of the reflected wave are recorded by the tool and used to create borehole
images. Both datasets are useful for identifying the location and orientation of fractures. The amplitude of the
reflected signal will decrease at the location of fractures and the travel time will increase. The travel time data
can also be used for developing a high resolution caliper log for a more comprehensive analysis of fractures.
Acoustic televiewers can only be used in fluid filled boreholes. However, the fluid does not have to be optically
clear for the method to work.
When operating the ATV, a "time window" is set based on the borehole diameter. The time window is
the time interval in which the ATV instrument searches for an echo from the borehole wall. For smaller
increases in borehole diameter around fractures and sections of weaker rock, the ATV typically records an
accurate borehole diameter (correlates well with three -arm caliper data). However, if borehole openings are
problem solved

Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL, April 19, 2019
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL Page 2
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresville, North Carolina (synt00118)
much larger than the borehole diameter, the echo from the borehole wall may fall outside the time window, or
be too weak to be detected. In these situations, borehole diameters recorded with ATV may be inaccurate.
Since ATV only records the reflection from the borehole wall, the data cannot be used to determine how far a
fracture extends from the borehole. The acoustic televiewer has a vertical resolution of 2 millimeters.
2.2 Optical Televiewer
Optical televiewer (OTV) logging is used to record and digitize a 360-degree color image of the borehole
wall. Planar features such as fractures, foliation, and lithologic contacts can be identified directly on the
images. The tool is magnetically oriented in order to determine the orientation of features. Televiewers have a
vertical resolution of 2mm, which is significantly better than many other geophysical tools. As a result, it is able
to see features other tools cannot resolve. Optical images can be collected above or below the water surface,
provided the water is sufficiently clear for viewing the borehole wall.
2.3 3-Arm Caliper
Caliper logging is used to generate a profile of the borehole diameter with depth. The tool measures the
borehole diameter using three spring -loaded arms. Narrow enlargements in the borehole diameter can, in
most cases, be attributed to fractures. Caliper logging can be conducted above and below the water surface.
2.4 Fluid Temperature
Fluid temperature logging is used to identify where water enters or exits the borehole. In the absence of
fluid flow, a gradual increase on water temperature of approximately 1°F per 100 feet of depth is expected.
Rapid changes in the fluid temperature indicate water -producing or water -receiving zones. Little or no
temperature gradient indicates intervals of vertical flow.
2.5 Fluid Conductivity
Fluid conductivity logging is used to measure the electrical conductivity of the fluid in the borehole.
Variations in fluid conductivity can be contributed to concentration variations of dissolved solids. These
differences can occur when sources of water have contrasting chemistry and have come from different
transmissive zones. Fluid temperature and conductivity are measured concurrently using the same logging
tool.
problem solved

Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL, April 19, 2019
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL Page 3
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresville, North Carolina (synt00118)
2.6 Single Point Resistance (SPR)
Single point resistance logging involves passing an alternate current between a surface electrode and a
probe electrode and measuring the voltage difference created by the current. SPR is then calculated using
Ohm's law. SPR is the sum of cable resistance, and the resistance based on the composition of the medium,
the cross sectional area and length of the path through the medium. Therefore, the single point resistance log
does not provide quantitative data. In general, SPR increases with increasing grain size and decreases with
increasing borehole diameter, fracture density, and the concentration of dissolved solids in the water. Single -
point resistance logs are useful in the determination of lithology, water quality, and location of fracture zones.
2.7 Spontaneous Potential (SP)
SP logging is conducted to measure naturally occurring voltage differences along a borehole. The method has
been found useful for delineating sandstone/shale layering and other boundaries between permeable and
impermeable beds. The measurements are made with reference to an electrode at ground level. Therefore, SP
logging does not provide quantitative data.
2.8 Heat Pulse Flowmeter (HPFI
HPF logging measures the direction and rate of vertical fluid flow in a borehole by heating up a small
volume of water and monitoring temperature variations as the heated water moves with the fluid flow in the
borehole. Under ambient conditions, differences in hydraulic head between two transmissive fractures
produce vertical flow in the borehole. However, if the hydraulic head is the same, no flow will occur under
ambient conditions. Therefore, HPF logging is also conducted under low -rate pumping conditions. HPF
readings are point readings at the location of fractures. The location and number of these readings can be
determined after analyzing the other geophysical logs for fractures. HPF can be used for measuring vertical
flows in the borehole between 0.005 gallons per minute (gpm) and approximately 1.5 gpm. In HPF data,
upward flow is shown as positive flow, and downward flow is shown as negative flow.
2.9 Impeller Flowmeter
The impeller (spinner) flowmeter consists of a lightweight three -bladed impeller and a fiber-optic sensing
mechanism to detect spinner rotation. Continuous logs of flow rates may be made at a constant logging speed
and supplemented by more accurate stationary measurements at selected depths. The main shortcoming of
problem solved

Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL, April 19, 2019
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL Page 4
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresville, North Carolina (synt00118)
impeller -type flowmeters is the lack of sensitivity to low -velocity flow. Minimum detectable flow is
approximately 2 gpm in a 6-inch well.
3.0 FIELD PROCEDURES
All GEL Solutions activities on -site were supervised by a senior geophysicist. For this investigation, GEL
Solutions used a Mount Sopris Matrix logging system. Pumping tests during HPF testing were conducted using
a Grundfos Redi-Flow-2 water pump with variable speed control box and an in -situ Mini -Troll pressure
transducer with logging capabilities. The pump is placed in the casing above the open hole section of the
borehole. HPF logging under pumping conditions commenced after the borehole water level had stabilized.
HPF logging was conducted at every 10 feet throughout the logging intervals under ambient and pumping
conditions. More closely spaced readings were then conducted at sections with abrupt changes in flow. HPF
logging was conducted under ambient conditions for all wells, and under pumping conditions for all wells
except GWA-21 BRL, since this boring exhibited artesian condition. Since GWA-21 BRL was producing
approximately 20 gpm, which is well above the upper detection limit for HPF, impeller flowmeter logging was
added for GWA-21 BRL in an attempt to evaluate flow in the section of the borehole above the artesian
fracture. Impeller flow data was collected at three constant logging speeds (15 feet per minute, 30 feet per
minute, and 45 feet per minute). A summary of the configuration of the boreholes, pumping rates, and water
levels is provided below. All depth measurements are referenced from the ground surface. All borings are
surface cased and open hole below the casing.
Logging Configuration Summary
Well ID:
GWA-11 BRL
GWA-21 BRL
GWA-64 BRL
GWA-65 BRL
Casing material:
PVC
PVC
PVC
PVC
Casing diameter (in):
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
pen hole (ft):
100.6-299.6
97.6-295.8
85.2-298.0
103.3-402.4
Open hole diameter (in):
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
Pumping rate (gpm):
1.1
Artesian
well
1.0
0.75
Pump depth (ft):
45
N/A
85
40
Water level before pumping (ft):
14.2
N/A
67.5
10.9
Water level at equilibrium (ft):
26.7
N/A
69.5
30.3
problem solved

Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL, April 19, 2019
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL Page 5
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresville, North Carolina (synt00118)
Well ID:
GWA-66 BRL
GWA-67 BRL
GWA-68 BRL
MW-11 BRL
Casing material:
PVC
PVC
PVC
PVC
Casing diameter (in):
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.8
Open hole (ft):
134.9-301.1
149.0-296.4
115.6-398.8
207.7-301.7
Open hole diameter (in):
5.6
5.5
6.0
5.5
Pumping rate (gpm):
1.0
1.0
1.25
0.1
Pump depth (ft):
45
30
35
100
Water level before pumping (ft):
18.5
1.5
7.9
73.8
Water level at equilibrium (ft):
31.0
1.6
8.2
91.3
4.0 DATA PROCESSING AND RESULTS
The logs were analyzed for fractures and other features using WellCAD software, manufactured by
Advanced Logic Technology. The travel time data from the acoustic televiewer log was used to develop a
maximum caliper log. Fractures were interpreted through a complete data analysis of all logs. Dip and azimuth
(dip direction) were calculated for each detected fracture. The fracture data was corrected from apparent to
true dip and azimuth using deviation logs included with the televiewer dataset, and from magnetic north to
true north by rotating the fracture azimuths 7.2° counterclockwise. Magnetic north is 7.2° west of true north at
the site (according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). The reported azimuth or dip
direction is measured clockwise from true north (Figure 1). A fracture summary table including fracture
attributes is provided in Appendix 1. Dominating water producing fractures based on flow logging or other
evidence are highlighted and shown in bold and italics text. Minor water producing fractures based on flow
logging are shown in bold.
Schmidt stereonets (lower hemisphere) with fracture characteristics and fracture rose diagrams are
presented on Appendix 2. HPF logs and fracture characteristics are shown on Appendix 3. All logs are
presented on Appendix 4. All depths are referenced from ground surface.
problem solved

Geophysical Logging Report, GWA-11 BRL, GWA-21 BRL, GWA-64 BRL, GWA-65 BRL, April 19, 2019
GWA-66 BRL, GWA-67 BRL, GWA-68 BRL, MW-11 BRL Page 6
Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresville, North Carolina (synt00118)
Vest
East
Rela ono betr,�,en Dili and A�ninth angle
Figure 1: Explanation of azimuth and dip for fractures
problem solved

APPENDIX 1

Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro, North Carolina
Fracture Data from Geophysical Logging
GWA-11 BRL
Depth Azimuth Dip
ft deg MN deg
100.1 8 82
101.0 182 9
102.5 256 65
106.6 100 16
108.8 252 77
114.2 314 23
116.2 275 40
116.5 328 43
117.2 329 59
122.1 305 16
123.1 253 39
124.3 118 60
124.8 182 15
126.7 308 24
128.3 224 80
129.5 80 26
129.9 34 27
130.1 51 26
130.2 106 34
130.6 347 51
131.1 7 41
133.0 59 52
134.3 90 47
134.5 99 47
135.7 347 19
136.1 44 39
136.9 228 75
140.2 64 40
142.3 58 69
142.5 21 33
143.8 7 23
144.0 3 19
144.7 341 23
145.7 34 26
148.7 264 30
148.9 312 23
157.3 0 9
157.8 344 17
163.2 120 18
163.6 70 26
164.6 16 48
165.0 348 77
165.1 27 72
166.6 112 22
166.7 33 67
166.7 100 21
169.6 62 36
170.0 59 38
171.8 68 28
173.3 91 30
174.1 186 74
175.4 44 40
176.0 73 17
178.9 326 27
180.9 44 78
182.2 210 84
182.6 49 72
183.0 325 77
183.4 297 31
190.6 342 7
194.0 83 17
198.8 218 79
199.0 354 9
199.6 210 72
200.0 171 87
200.6 42 63
202.3 310 57
203.6 295 45
GWA-11 BRL
Depth Azimuth
Dip
ft deg MN
deg
204.4
303
71
205.8
292
48
208.9
116
43
210.1
327
22
210.2
301
14
210.6
308
40
210.8
298
42
210.9
305
44
214.0
110
56
214.5
5
80
214.7
102
63
218.4
112
42
228.2
306
7
228.4
324
28
232.6
99
65
233.3
43
76
240.9
113
11
241.0
22
63
245.2
123
43
246.1
131
45
249.8
250
15
252.0
46
84
257.8
110
26
260.0
276
17
261.6
297
15
264.2
133
14
267.0
32
82
268.7
328
75
269.1
28
78
273.4
88
17
273.9
120
18
279.0
106
38
280.8
115
47
286.2
32
83
287.4
318
48
288.2
320
7
289.4
314
35
290.5
36
66
292.9
231
84
295.2
178
38
297.9
47
83
GWA-21 BRL
Depth Azimuth
Dip
ft deg MN
deg
99.2
93
65
99.5
96
65
108.7
347
20
114.6
346
13
116.3
315
19
116.4
323
16
118.1
305
30
119.1
351
26
121.0
338
14
121.9
328
33
128.0
178
30
128.7
141
41
129.8
342
88
130.6
300
26
132.0
342
77
132.5
336
44
136.8
332
14
143.0
0
2
143.9
354
21
156.1
334
27
157.1
336
18
160.2
353
89
163.2
343
9
164.9
73
63
179.9
341
53
194.4
72
15
197.0
98
11
208.2
2
27
210.7
10
23
212.7
27
16
230.8
349
15
231.7
352
8
242.5
334
25
243.6
339
20
255.3
346
35
260.2
33
11
262.2
344
18
266.4
137
20
274.6
338
16
Artesian fracture at 130.6 ft
producing appr. 20 gpm
GWA-64 BRL
Depth Azimuth Dip
ft deg MN deg
88.3 321 41
88.6 311 37
91.1 254 22
95.3 98 26
95.7 80 53
95.8 174 67
98.1 291 1
99.0 332 7
107.9 334 8
111.3 131 17
112.2 346 5
117.7 303 13
118.9 305 37
120.0 284 39
120.2 332 12
123.0 341 71
126.4 159 8
126.6 306 7
127.3 345 7
127.7 135 11
129.4 299 3
129.7 309 8
131.7 332 8
132.7 328 7
134.3 321 12
134.4 347 14
135.3 276 10
135.5 267 13
144.3 355 6
146.4 77 6
147.0 343 11
147.9 9 9
150.5 276 16
150.7 8 22
150.8 323 8
152.0 7 3
153.2 335 16
153.7 114 23
154.2 359 4
154.8 320 28
158.6 140 10
160.1 53 6
161.2 44 84
165.9 334 84
170.3 150 26
171.3 320 29
171.8 120 43
173.0 303 29
173.3 326 35
174.1 335 21
175.2 152 30
176.0 193 59
176.3 145 83
176.8 136 27
179.2 1 8
179.5 265 6
179.9 247 14
180.4 306 16
196.9 345 18
197.2 343 14
198.6 354 22
208.1 276 31
214.7 333 11
220.7 355 10
225.5 321 23
226.3 350 28
227.9 310 32
231.9 340 10
Major open fractures are highlighted and shown in bold and italics text. Minor open fractures are shown in bold. Closed fractures are shown in plain text.

Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro, North Carolina
Fracture Data from Geophysical Logging
GWA-64 BRL
Depth
Azimuth
Dip
ft
deg MN
deg
234.7
359
5
275.5
334
16
295.4
358
3
295.4
354
6
GWA-65 BRL
Depth Azimuth Dip
ft deg MN deg
105.6 117 38
105.9 103 32
121.5 125 28
123.1 162 9
138.7 301 6
138.8 297 6
148.5 112 27
148.6 111 31
163.0 164 46
163.6 336 10
164.0 318 16
165.7 264 2
167.3 293 3
170.2 345 38
170.9 345 16
171.5 190 54
184.3 298 8
184.6 322 7
187.5 270 4
188.5 313 9
189.8 74 40
190.0 5 15
190.3 95 15
190.6 133 20
192.7 305 6
193.0 314 41
195.4 115 15
206.0 86 11
207.0 73 12
207.2 101 24
208.1 360 10
209.0 317 62
216.8 91 59
218.3 124 36
218.6 149 34
222.3 172 12
224.4 34 60
227.0 194 3
227.2 0 2
227.7 132 4
228.8 309 15
229.9 334 7
230.3 74 16
232.1 304 5
232.4 315 8
232.8 281 32
238.6 52 28
246.1 318 3
246.4 163 12
248.4 351 16
249.2 298 29
250.1 299 5
250.7 329 14
250.8 313 9
251.5 301 11
253.6 302 26
254.8 195 17
255.2 305 28
255.3 295 30
255.5 302 16
258.7 41 59
259.2 300 6
264.2 44 39
265.9 280 11
266.0 285 14
268.5 58 54
268.7 60 26
272.1 284 14
GWA-65 BRL
Depth Azimuth Dip
ft deg MN deg
276.0 286 9
280.5 79 35
280.7 87 18
299.8 338 8
300.4 356 22
303.0 295 82
304.2 283 4
304.3 210 4
310.8 221 12
310.9 271 8
313.5 313 9
313.6 198 5
314.5 170 19
314.9 287 16
315.1 273 16
317.5 211 30
317.6 326 5
318.0 269 15
318.1 254 12
320.7 344 14
320.9 338 1
321.2 260 2
323.5 200 3
324.4 187 2
324.8 95 10
327.9 237 21
328.9 320 12
329.6 11 22
329.7 172 29
331.1 173 17
331.8 100 74
332.1 104 72
332.3 108 43
332.5 107 72
333.9 320 1
334.1 12 8
335.8 143 26
336.0 130 25
339.8 334 4
340.2 97 14
344.3 307 5
344.7 285 2
345.5 149 23
345.8 280 3
351.5 319 32
354.8 49 74
372.3 45 60
374.8 242 5
375.2 258 12
377.1 123 17
378.4 296 29
379.0 209 24
379.7 309 20
383.0 34 44
383.8 64 48
384.1 74 55
389.7 354 22
389.8 348 20
395.2 334 58
395.5 315 77
397.6 345 24
398.0 345 28
398.9 337 15
399.3 328 13
399.5 323 24
400.6 334 24
GWA-66 BRL
Depth
Azimuth
Dip
ft
deg MN
deg
139.3
26
19
139.7
170
72
140.9
89
14
141.3
96
12
141.4
94
13
142.6
131
7
170.9
346
2
171.2
74
5
176.7
58
10
182.9
338
60
185.7
49
67
186.1
37
69
186.7
8
19
191.3
269
17
191.6
315
12
192.1
135
61
192.3
316
22
194.7
99
13
194.8
96
19
203.2
80
34
204.6
103
34
204.9
112
36
211.8
339
5
213.7
111
23
213.8
120
28
215.3
173
68
230.4
165
18
232.5
340
72
234.7
174
86
238.1
144
66
240.1
85
40
245.2
91
34
249.1
333
32
250.2
106
40
252.2
94
32
252.6
103
37
255.3
329
63
255.6
311
76
255.8
314
54
256.1
309
38
256.2
337
18
256.9
316
40
263.4
10
29
266.1
341
28
270.5
346
31
271.5
330
67
271.6
328
51
272.1
323
15
273.3
15
5
273.8
132
43
277.3
88
23
278.7
92
41
280.0
121
48
282.7
68
41
284.0
77
31
284.4
64
26
288.4
131
35
294.6
327
56
295.0
340
45
298.5
333
55
Major open fractures are highlighted and shown in bold and italics text. Minor open fractures are shown in bold. Closed fractures are shown in plain text.

Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro, North Carolina
Fracture Data from Geophysical Logging
GWA-67 BRL
Depth
Azimuth
Dip
ft
deg MN
deg
153.9
134
29
163.4
293
9
168.5
40
10
170.9
109
46
177.8
139
13
177.9
247
3
178.1
155
82
181.4
336
61
183.0
282
35
183.8
237
15
185.2
275
16
185.7
250
5
186.6
281
9
186.8
247
7
187.0
358
16
187.2
12
17
189.7
126
65
190.1
261
16
190.5
328
13
190.8
257
19
191.4
252
17
193.0
274
32
193.6
265
31
194.0
229
24
194.7
244
36
195.4
40
9
197.1
335
15
198.7
330
51
199.8
272
24
207.5
96
75
212.5
109
34
259.5
354
72
263.8
329
63
263.9
352
18
266.9
154
67
267.2
199
5
267.6
17
7
268.8
8
28
270.0
357
49
272.0
192
58
274.6
358
11
274.7
96
37
281.5
171
27
287.6
101
20
290.9
327
21
291.4
333
19
GWA-68 BRL
Depth Azimuth Dip
ft deg MN deg
120.6 270 7
120.7 275 13
139.4 309 13
140.9 251 11
142.9 87 2
143.0 32 4
146.5 15 6
146.7 13 8
148.0 169 59
149.0 359 13
149.1 15 19
149.2 169 48
158.6 77 23
158.9 244 29
160.0 100 35
160.1 76 30
160.3 52 34
160.5 35 41
161.1 339 15
161.7 22 24
162.3 56 72
163.1 36 68
164.4 150 14
165.0 137 57
165.1 304 18
166.9 119 61
167.3 67 75
169.0 47 55
170.5 87 30
173.0 148 29
173.3 174 21
174.4 335 12
174.5 48 68
178.5 99 10
180.4 55 59
181.2 75 64
181.4 56 52
181.6 70 59
182.2 60 51
183.1 72 32
183.9 73 23
183.9 65 24
184.6 56 62
184.7 204 28
184.9 60 70
185.1 55 10
185.5 73 24
185.5 66 48
186.4 55 21
186.6 163 21
187.2 37 39
188.3 32 14
189.1 7 27
189.5 56 65
190.3 55 66
190.8 55 29
191.1 82 22
191.6 62 39
191.9 57 38
192.5 65 46
192.7 87 34
192.9 103 33
193.6 56 34
193.7 50 28
194.4 20 9
195.0 31 23
195.2 65 29
195.4 69 33
GWA-68 BRL
Depth Azimuth Dip
ft deg MN deg
195.7 61 26
196.0 115 30
196.4 74 31
196.6 76 34
197.0 36 33
197.3 32 31
197.7 21 34
198.0 32 33
199.0 26 27
200.6 20 13
201.1 51 14
208.6 127 16
209.2 341 75
209.5 337 79
214.9 23 6
224.9 124 23
225.7 115 19
226.2 309 37
229.5 49 4
232.5 43 3
233.0 47 23
241.3 90 36
241.5 84 24
242.3 104 20
258.7 40 57
291.7 178 13
292.1 161 10
292.2 170 13
292.3 163 16
294.4 321 58
296.1 98 26
296.3 139 26
298.0 337 68
299.9 159 28
300.3 20 5
300.5 166 40
300.7 170 25
301.1 133 18
301.4 350 4
303.1 340 7
303.2 326 7
304.1 324 14
304.5 349 7
305.0 298 17
309.6 277 28
310.7 117 28
310.9 133 32
314.0 108 27
327.8 42 34
327.9 114 16
328.2 118 21
329.6 99 19
330.6 14 6
330.9 293 6
331.4 90 2
335.1 336 33
335.3 327 30
337.8 83 15
340.0 338 19
340.9 282 17
345.6 73 33
346.1 85 16
346.4 96 26
348.0 15 27
348.5 88 32
348.9 107 19
350.6 330 32
352.1 351 13
GWA-68 BRL
Depth
Azimuth
Dip
ft
deg MN
deg
353.2
303
26
355.5
317
44
356.7
172
53
357.5
191
52
358.4
358
17
374.4
179
33
378.2
12
39
381.0
28
24
389.3
116
2
389.7
358
8
Major open fractures are highlighted and shown in bold and italics text. Minor open fractures are shown in bold. Closed fractures are shown in plain text.

Cliffside Steam Station, Mooresboro, North Carolina
Fracture Data from Geophysical Logging
MW-11 BRL
Depth
Azimuth
Dip
ft
deg MN
deg
227.0
336
20
230.8
356
3
239.7
1
20
241.1
78
15
273.9
322
6
291.5
107
13
294.8
326
9
Major open fractures are highlighted and shown in bold and italics text. Minor open fractures are shown in bold. Closed fractures are shown in plain text.

APPENDIX 2

Depth Fractures Poles - Dip - Lower Hemisphere Great Circles - Strike - Lower Hemisphere
1ft:500ft 0 90 Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
100
Well
ID:
GWA-11
BRL
125
Schmidt Plot - LH - Type
Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
Depth: 88.52 [ft] to 312.04 [ft]
0.
Depth: 88.52 [ft] to 311.88 [ft]
0..
15 0
S0
__80_
70
— 70---.,
510-
/��
�iO
i
,
•
10
270° 10 20-80-40-50_60-70-80 90°
270° '10-20-30-40 50 60-70780, , 90°
/
200
O
0
225�
-_
------- ----
180°
Counts Dip[deg] Azi[deg]
180'
Counts Dip[deg] Strike[deg]
250
Mean 109 20.04 30.02
Mean 109 20.04 300.02
O 29 19.04 331.29
O 29 19.04 241.29
79 20.52 38.84
79 20.52 308.84
275
0 1 27.55 67.70
0 1 27.55 337.70
Major
open fracture
300
Minor
open fracture
Closed
fracture
Page 1

Depth Fractures Poles - Dip - Lower Hemisphere Great Circles - Strike - Lower Hemisphere
1ft:500ft 0 90 Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
100
Well ID:
GWA-21 BRL
Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
125
Depth: 85.50 [ft] to 294.00 [ft] Depth: 85.50 [ft] to 294.49 [ft]
0° 0°
80 80-'- -
70 70-
150
0
- -�
50 50
I
I
0 0
0 ;.....: 33 X A
20 20
175
10
• \
270° 10-20-30-40-50-80-70-80 90° 270° 10-20-30-40 50�0-70 80 90°
200
O •
225
180° 190°
Counts Dip[deg] Azi[deg] Counts Dip[deg] Strike[deg]
Mean 39 17.23 350.44 Mean 39 17.23 260.44
250
- 24 17.97 355.71 24 17.97 265.71
O 14 16.13 347.42 0 14 16.13 257.42
O 1 26.00 300.40 • 1 26.00 210.40
275
Major open fracture
�— Minor open fracture
300
• Closed fracture
Page 1

Depth Fractures Poles - Dip - Lower Hemisphere Great Circles - Strike - Lower Hemisphere
1ft:500ft 0 90 Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
75
100
Well ID:
GWA-64 BRL
Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
12 5
Depth: 80.33 [ft] to 302.28 [ft] Depth: 80.17 [ft] to 301.96 [ft]
0. 0°
----F— -- —
i = —— �.
150
o o
- / 50
510 _
0
ao ao
1
1
21
175
10 0
270' • 10 20-30-40-50�0-70-80 90" 270" 10" 0-300-50-60-70 80 90"
200
225
--
1ao° 1eo°
Counts Dip[deg] Azi[deg] Counts Dip[deg] Strike[deg]
Mean 72 8.29 325.89 Mean 72 8.29 235.89
250
O 16 12.02 321.37 O 16 12.02 231.37
50 5.57 327.84 : ; 50 5.57 237.84
O 6 28.68 326.60 • 6 28.68 236.60
275
Major open fracture
Minor open fracture
300
• Closed fracture
Page 1

Depth Fractures Poles - Dip - Lower Hemisphere Great Circles - Strike - Lower Hemisphere
1ft:500ft 0 90 Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
75
100
Well
ID:
GWA-65
BRL
125
150
175
Schmidt Plot - LH - Type
Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
Depth: 94.44 [ft] to 409.90 [ft]
0.
Depth: 94.44 [ft] to 410.39 [ft]
200
80
o°
_80
70
i0
-�
510 •
0�.
.
225
0
30
0
% �/ 30 ��..\.
20
O 10
20
270' 10 20-30-40-50-00-70-80 90"
27010-20-30-40-50-60-70-7 90°
i'
250
O
275
180,
Counts Dip[deg] Azi[deg]
180'
Counts Dip[deg] Strike[deg]
300
Mean 134 3.94 14.70
Mean 134 3.94 284.70
O 24 7.48 42.27
O 24 7.48 312.27
109 3.40 2.11
109 3.40 272.11
325
0 1 73.95 48.84
• 1 73.95 318.84
350
Major
fracture
open
375
Minor
open fracture
O Closed
fracture
400
Page 1

Depth Fractures Poles - Dip - Lower Hemisphere Great Circles - Strike - Lower Hemisphere
1ft:500ft 0 90 Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
125
Well
ID:
GWA-66
BRL
150
Schmidt Plot - LH - Type
Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
Depth: 117.90 [ft] to 327.36 [ft]
0°
Depth: 118.06 [ft] to 328.02 [ft]
0.
6o
—
80_
175
70
70 e
50
O 50 -
200
I
30
I
-30
160
10
/ 10
„�30-40-50=
270° 10£20-30-40-50-60-70-80 90°
I i
270° 10-20
-I -70-80
225
-
i
250
180'
180°
Counts Dip[deg] Azi[deg]
Counts Dip[deg] Strike[deg]
275
Mean 60 13.58 51.35
Mean 60 13.58 321.35
_. 44 18.21 85.85
44 18.21 355.85
O 14 41.36 327.77
O 14 41.36 237.77
0 2 24.56 342.99
0 2 24.56 252.99
300
Major
open fracture
325
�— Minor
open fracture
Closed
fracture
Page 1

Depth Fractures Poles - Dip - Lower Hemisphere Great Circles - Strike - Lower Hemisphere
1ft:500ft 0 90 Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
125
Well
ID:
GWA-67
BRL
150
Schmidt Plot - LH - Type
Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
Depth: 137.73 [ft] to 307.68 [ft]
Depth: 136.91 [ft] to 306.53 [ft]
o°
o
o.
175
io
- —70=-
i
0
0
� 50
'1105I
o
0 _
200
zi
210 x
10
0
•
270° 10 20:)30 40-50-6o-70—Bo 90°
270` 10 �20-30-40 50-0-70-80 90°
225
r
250
180°--
Counts Dip[deg] Azi[deg]
Counts Dip[deg] Strike[deg]
275
Mean 46 6.26 305.80
Mean 46 6.26 215.80
34 5.06 299.03
34 5.06 209.03
0 2 32.62 131.96
• 2 32.62 41.96
O 10 23.71 322.46
• 10 23.71 232.46
300
Major
open fracture
325
0— Minor
open fracture
O Closed
fracture
Page 1

Depth Fractures Poles - Dip - Lower Hemisphere Great Circles - Strike - Lower Hemisphere
1ft:500ft 0 90 Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
100
Well
ID:
GWA-68
BRL
125
150
175
Schmidt Plot - LH - Type
Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
Depth: 108.71 [ft] to 401.69 [ft]
Depth: 108.71 [ft] to 401.36 [ft]
200
-
- �—
- 1--
0
70
-80-�
`�\
V — 70-
225
30
10
I
10
270° 10 2 30-40-50-80-70-80 90°
ry
i n
270 1 2 30�140 50-60-70-80� 90°
250
275
300
180°
Counts Dip[deg] Azi[deg]
180'
Counts Dip[deg] Strike[deg]
Mean 146 15.71 63.03
Mean 146 15.71 333.03
O 76 25.64 62.33
O 76 25.64 332.33
- 65 5.80 72.64
65 5.80 342.64
325
O 5 25.51 26.05
O 5 25.51 296.05
350
375
Major
open fracture
Minor
open fracture
400
Closed
fracture
Page 1

Depth Fractures Poles - Dip - Lower Hemisphere Great Circles - Strike - Lower Hemisphere
1ft:500ft 0 90 Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
175
Well ID:
200
Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
MW-11 BRL
Depth: 199.42 [ft] to 342.63 [ft] Depth: 198.44 [ft] to 343.12 [ft]
0' Q..
= =
o so
2 2 5
�o 70—� �
� 50
510
30 30
250
I I
20 20
110 110 �
270° 10-20-30-40-50-60-70-80 90° 270° 10-20-30-40-50-60-70-80 90°
l
275
300
180, 180`
Counts Dip[deg] Azi[deg] Counts Dip[deg] Strike[deg]
Mean 7 7.75 10.02 Mean 7 7.75 280.02
325
5 10.86 356.75 5 10.86 266.75
0 1 3.28 356.07 0 1 3.28 266.07
0 1 13.12 107.46 0 1 13.12 17.46
350
Major open fracture
�— Minor open fracture
375
Closed fracture
Page 1

Depth Fractures Poles - Dip - Lower Hemisphere Great Circles - Strike - Lower Hemisphere
1ft:500ft 0 90 Schmidt Plot - LH - Type Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
75
100
ALL
WELLS
125
150
175
Schmidt Plot - LH - Type
Schmidt Plot (Strike) - LH - Type
Depth: 77.39 [ft] to 416.79 [ft]
Depth: 77.72 [ft] to 416.46 [ft]
0°
SO
0
'... 80
200
70
-70-
0
510
/ 51� �
•
0
/ / -40- ! O \
/ \
225
20
10
r
�11
270° 10 20 30 40-50-60-70-80 90°
270.`10 20-30-40 50-60-70-80 � 90°
/ i I
250
i
275
--------- -----
180°
Counts Dip[deg] Azi[deg]
180°
Counts Dip[deg] Strike[deg]
300
Mean 613 8.90 29.97
Mean 613 8.90 299.97
O 184 14.96 30.21
O 184 14.96 300.21
410 6.46 32.13
410 6.46 302.13
0 19 15.49 9.96
0 19 15.49 279.96
325
350
375
Major
open fracture
Minor
open fracture
400
Closed
fracture
425
Page 1

Depth Fractures Rose Diagram - Dip Direction Rose Diagram - Dip
1ft:500ft 0 90 Azimuth - Absolute (Count) Dip Count - Absolute (Count)
75
100
125
Azimuth -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 75.92 [ft] to 313.78 [ft]
0'
150
Dip Count -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 76.41 [ft] to 314.44 [ft]
175
6
0'
0
8
I
200
— — -16-20 Well ID:
Counts: 109.00 GWA-11 BRL
225
Mean (3D): 20.04
180'
Min: 6.70
Components: Azimuth
Max: 87.08
Counts: 109.00
250
Mean (3D): 30.02
Min: 0.12
Max: 354.48
275
300
Page 1

Depth Fractures Rose Diagram - Dip Direction Rose Diagram - Dip
1ft:500ft 0 90 Azimuth - Absolute (Count) Dip Count - Absolute (Count)
75
100
125
Azimuth -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 75.92 [ft] to 299.34 [ft]
0°
Dip Count -Absolute (Count)
150
1C
Depth: 76.41 [ft] to 299.67 [ft]
175
0°
10
200
12
Counts: 39.00 Well ID:
Mean (3D): 17.23 GWA-21 BRL
225
180°
Min: 2.28
Components: Azimuth
Max: 88.60
Counts: 39.00
Mean (3D): 350.44
250
Min: 0.18
Max: 353.94
275
300
Page 1

Depth Fractures Rose Diagram - Dip Direction Rose Diagram - Dip
1ft:500ft 0 90 Azimuth - Absolute (Count) Dip Count - Absolute (Count)
75
100
All
125
Azimuth -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 75.59 [ft] to 306.23 [ft]
0°
150
Dip Count -Absolute (Count)
1 C
Depth: 75.26 [ft] to 306.56 [ft]
0°
10
A175
L,2412.
200
Well ID:
Counts: 72.00
GWA-64 BRL
Mean (3D): 8.29
225
180'
Min: 1.37
Components: Azimuth
Max: 84.08
Counts: 72.00
Mean (3D): 325.89
250
Min: 1.24
Max: 358.80
275
300
Page 1

Depth Fractures Rose Diagram - Dip Direction Rose Diagram - Dip
1ft:1000ft 0 90 Azimuth - Absolute (Count) Dip Count - Absolute (Count)
100
Azimuth -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 75.59 [ft] to 420.90 [ft]
150
0°
14
Dip Count -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 75.26 [ft] to 420.90 [ft]
0°
200
Well ID:
GWA-65 BRL
1 'e14
250
:3444
Counts: 134.00
300
Mean (3D): 3.94
180'
Min: 1.02
Components: Azimuth
Max: 82.07
Counts: 134.00
350
Mean (3D): 14.70
Min: 0.34
Max: 359.81
400
Page 1

Depth Fractures Rose Diagram - Dip Direction Rose Diagram - Dip
1ft:500ft 0 90 Azimuth - Absolute (Count) Dip Count - Absolute (Count)
100
125
150
Azimuth -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 118.73 [ft] to 322.47 [ft]
0'
175
Dip Count -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 118.73 [ft] to 323.13 [ft]
200
0°
Well ID:
6
0
GWA-66 BRL
&J-
225
12
Counts: 60.00
250
Mean (3D): 13.58
180°
Min: 1.68
Components: Azimuth
Max: 85.79
Counts: 60.00
275
Mean (3D): 51.05
Min: 8.20
Max: 346.21
300
325
Page 1

Depth Fractures Rose Diagram - Dip Direction Rose Diagram - Dip
1ft:500ft 0 90 Azimuth - Absolute (Count) Dip Count - Absolute (Count)
125
150
Azimuth -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 134.71 [ft] to 309.25 [ft]
175
0o
Dip Count -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 134.78 [ft] to 309.65 [ft]
4
0°
200
Well ID:
GWA-67 BRL
Alhl
225
Counts: 46.00
250
Mean (3D): 6.26
180°
Min: 2.89
Components: Azimuth
Max: 82.08
Counts: 46.00
275
Mean (3D): 305.80
Min: 7.99
Max: 358.42
300
325
Page 1

Depth Fractures Rose Diagram - Dip Direction Rose Diagram - Dip
1ft:1000ft 0 90 Azimuth - Absolute (Count) Dip Count - Absolute (Count)
100
Azimuth -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 95.93 [ft] to 408.92 [ft]
150
0
16
Dip Count -Absolute (Count)
1
Depth: 95.93 [ft] to 410.24 [ft]
200
0'
Well ID:
GWA-68 BRL
.1,e16
4
250
Ali
300
. �3:3i40
Counts: 146.00
Mean (3D): 15.71
180°
Min: 1.92
Components: Azimuth
Max: 79.00
350
Counts: 146.00
Mean (3D): 63.03
Min: 6.99
Max: 358.71
400
Page 1

Depth Fractures Rose Diagram - Dip Direction Rose Diagram - Dip
1ft:500ft 0 90 Azimuth - Absolute (Count) Dip Count - Absolute (Count)
175
Azimuth -Absolute (Count)
Depth: 178.28 [ft] to 322.80 [ft]
200
0°
Dip Count -Absolute (Count) Well ID:
Depth: 177.95 [ft] to 324.28 [ft] MW-11 BRL
225
0°
1
250
A-4
275
Counts: 7.00
Mean (3D): 7.75
180°
Min: 3.28
Components: Azimuth
Max: 20.40
300
Counts: 7.00
Mean (3D): 10.02
Min: 1.12
Max: 356.07
325
Page 1

APPENDIX 3

Depth Caliper Fractures HPF - Ambient
1ft:200ft 5.8 in. 6.4 0 90 0 gpm 1
Caliper - from AN HPF - Pumping
5.8 in 6.8 0 gpm 1
95.0
100.0
WELL ID:
GWA-11 BRL
Bottom of Casing
105.0
110.0
115.0
120.0
125.0
130.0
Major open fracture
Minor open fracture
Closed fracture
135.0
140.0
145.0
150.0
i
155.0
160.0
165.0
170.0
175.0
180.0
185.0
AP
190.0
195.0
200.0
205.0
210.0
215.0
220.0
225.0
230.0
235.0
Page 1

Depth Caliper Fractures Spinner Up-15 fpm
1ft:200ft 6 in. 7 0 90 0 cps 2000
Caliper - from AN Spinner Up-30 fpm
6 in 7 0 cps 2000
Spinner Up-45 fpm
0 cps 2000
HPF - Ambient
0 gpm 0.03
85.0
90.0
WELL ID:
GWA-21 BRL
95.0
Bottom of Casing
100.0
105.0
110.0
Major open fracture
115.0
Minor open fracture
Closed fracture
120.0
125.0
s
130.0
135.0
140.0
145.0
150.0
155.0
160.0
165.0
170.0
175.0
180.0
185.0
190.0
195.0
200.0
205.0
210.0
215.0
Page 1

220.0
225.0
230.0
235.0
240.0
245.0
250.0
255.0
260.0
265.0
270.0
275.0
280.0
285.0
290.0
295.0
Page 2

245.0
250.0
255.0
260.0
265.0
270.0
275.0
280.0
285.0
290.0
295.0
Page 2

Depth Caliper Fractures HPF - Ambient
1ft:200ft 5.8 in. 6.8 0 90 -1 gpm 1
Caliper - from AN HPF - Pumping
5.8 in 7.5 -1 pgm 1
75.0
80.0
85.0
WELL ID:
GWA-64 BRL
Bottom of Casing
90.0
95.0
100.0
105.0
110.0
115.0
120.0
125.0
130.0
135.0
140.0
145.0
150.0
155.0
Major open fracture
�- Minor open fracture
Closed fracture
160.0
165.0
170.0
175.0
180.0
185.0
190.0
195.0
200.0
205.0
210.0
215.0
t
-
Page 1

225.0
230.0
235.0
240.0
245.0
250.0
255.0
260.0
265.0
270.0
275.0
280.0
285.0
290.0
295.0
Page 2

Depth Caliper Fractures HPF - Ambient
1ft:200ft 5.8 in. 6.5 0 90 0 gpm 0.5
Caliper - from AN HPF - Pumping
5.8 in 7 0 gpm 0.5
95.0
100.0
WELL ID:
GWA-65 BRL
Bottom of Casing
105.0
110.0
115.0
120.0
Major open fracture
�- Minor open fracture
Closed fracture
125.0
130.0
135.0
140.0
40
145.0
150.0
155.0
160.0
165.0
170.0
175.0
180.0
185.0
190.0
195.0
200.0
205.0
210.0
215.0
220.0
225.0
230.0
235.0
Page 1

245.0
250.0
255.0
260.0
265.0
270.0
275.0
280.0
285.0
290.0
295.0
300.0
305.0
310.0
315.0
320.0
325.0
330.0
335.0
340.0
345.0
350.0
355.0
360.0
365.0
370.0
375.0
380.0
385.0
390.0
395.0
400.0
Page 2

Depth Caliper Fractures HPF - Ambient
1ft:200ft 5.2 in. 6.2 0 90 -0.06 gpm 1.1
Caliper - from AN HPF - Pumping
5.2 in 7 -0.06 gpm 1.1
130.0
WELL ID:
GWA-66
BRL
Bottom of Casing
135.0
140.0
145.0
150.0
155.0
160.0
Major open fracture
Minor open fracture
Closed fracture
165.0
170.0
175.0
180.0
185.0
190.0
195.0
40
200.0
205.0
210.0
AL
215.0
220.0
225.0
230.0
235.0
240.0
245.0
250.0
255.0
7
Z
260.0
265.0
270.0
Page 1

280.0
285.0
290.0
295.0
300.0
Page 2

Depth Caliper Fractures HPF - Ambient
1ft:220ft 5.2 in. 6.2 0 90 0 gpm 1.8
Caliper - from AN HPF - Pumping
5.3 in 6.8 0 gpm 1.8
145.0
WELL
GWA-67
ID:
BRL
Bottom of Casing
150.0
155.0
160.0
165.0
Major open fracture
Minor open fracture
Closed fracture
170.0
175.0
180.0
185.0
190.0
195.0
200.0
205.0
210.0
215.0
220.0
225.0
230.0
235.0
240.0
245.0
250.0
255.0
260.0
265.0
270.0
AL
275.0
280.0
285.0
290.0
295.0
Page 1

Depth Caliper Fractures HPF - Ambient
1ft:200ft 5.8 in. 6.8 0 90 0 gpm 1
Caliper- from ATV HPF - Pumping
5.8 in 7.5 0 gpm 1
105.0
110.0
115.0
WELL ID:
GWA-68 BRL
Bottom of Casing
120.0
125.0
130.0
135.0
I
Major open fracture
e Minor open fracture
Closed fracture
140.0
145.0
150.0
155.0
160.0
165.0
170.0
175.0
180.0
185.0
190.0
195.0
200.0
205.0
210.0
215.0
220.0
225.0
230.0
235.0
240.0
245.0
250.0
Page 1

255.0
260.0
265.0
270.0
275.0
280.0
l�
`
f
#
285.0
i
290.0
�.
'-
295.0
300.0
305.0
310.0
315.0
320.0
325.0
330.0
335.0
340.0
345.0
350.0
355.0
360.0
365.0
370.0
375.0
380.0
385.0
390.0
395.0
Page 2

Depth Caliper Fractures HPF - Ambient
1ft:200ft 5.2 in 6.2 0 90 0 gpm 0.2
Caliper - max from AN HPF - Pumping
5.2 in 6.2 0 gpm 0.2
200.0
205.0
WELL ID:
MW-11 BRL
Bottom of Casing
210.0
215.0
220.0
225.0
230.0
Major open fracture
Minor open fracture
Closed fracture
235.0
240.0
245.0
250.0
255.0
260.0
265.0
270.0
275.0
280.0
285.0
290.0
295.0
300.0
Page 1

APPENDIX 4

�,—� �� —�
i �`
�-Yc ���.
V

per
-'��'-'�-- =� is - -• -

\���d§\\
� �� ��»
1�$-1 - �� a � �y� � ,
z. �-./� »»�� _ � ^ ��-���.

s

. --. . -C , . - -, � - . . - !.-,

'a � •.: ,-� a
``
W-0
MENEENEIVIEW
ANNE
W-,
■
■■■■■■■
I■�I■■I
} v
:�
7;;
SEES P%
��:
_
■■
■■■■III■■■��■_���
NEWEIRIEVIESISER
tot
ENEWEEININNIONISH
WO 4
7WRISMININEIREEM
-A
mow:,
MEN&
••
Page 13

Atoms
i .f 33%S t

nc-
Aw

ABM,
-a•�,..� �..�
�_—,..—,.-_�� ,.,psi
Nm
-_mmmlmWL_I �

Y �. -.
iizw

T.47
�.
1-114,
-L4
Ais
y
�? arc ya

WWII
�n c M-

Join
z7wi:r-'MWOP M-1
M.

2l

'.�-r..• _�.. of �ti

- _-.•. is •'
"'i:
. -- --r.-,ems,:-,
..i � •_-_ �,z�,
i

�t_ ,�': _
L - - -'��'
!�1`�i
u __'
•S5= �_.
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;�=� -
� _ - . .

-a.
�iSsi�ti�Cf .�.•:� " r ice.-i��:��".- - -_
-<
-
Aft
��St

-.
r!r�
Wmw
v `9

,�asr: •
y
s- -
�-�-�
"r
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. � �"'�*. •.�°� �'_ = Vie- _
WPM
near
LEI
ma
:�-.--
.i.�:��l�i:�
RF
ME �v R
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X. MEW
40

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APTEV,

♦♦ y �� _ �e

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--------�- -
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Nor

�., ':1 - C"., .ram: � _ �e % jt 3 �'z•z� No -

293.0
293.5
294.0
294.5
295.0
295.5
296.0
296.5
297.0
297.5
298.0
298.5
299.0
Page 14

e

!r
s � yNEW --"�
-ems E
e� b

27 M-14
, wv�
SOO
ice`
- Y` -
4 __•V• S
k' t

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T71.
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mg
v 44��_

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Fractured Bedrock Evaluation
December 2019
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Cliffside Steam Station
ATTACHMENT D
SynTerra
PETROGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CORE SAMPLES

Umm Lab
AESI 10012t oeID aARN
low-
N
PETROLEUM SERVICES
Petrographic Evaluation
Of Core Samples
SynTerra Corporation
Cliffside Project
September 2019
Core Laboratories, Inc.
Houston Advanced Technology Center
6316 Windfern Road
Houston, Texas 77040
Houston ATC Job File No.: 1902762G
F
as
100 u m
The analytical results, opinions or interpretations contained in this report are based upon information and material supplied by the client for whose
exclusive and confidential use this report has been made. The analytical results, opinions or interpretations expressed represent the best judgment of
Core Laboratories. Core Laboratories, however, makes no warranty or representation, expressed or implied, of any type, and expressly disclaims
same as to the productivity, proper operations or profitableness of an oil, gas, coal or other mineral, property, well or sand in connection with which
such report is used or relied upon for any reason whatsoever. This report shall not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without the written approval of
Core Laboratories.

PETROGRAPHIC SUMMARY
Eight core samples from Cliffside project were selected for thin section petrographic
analysis (Table 1). The analytical program and petrographic summary are
presented in Table 1. Thin section photomicrographs and descriptions are provided
in Plates 1 — 8.
• Eight samples are all igneous rocks, and they are classified as tonalite and
granite (Table 1), based on the relative abundances of minerals (quartz,
alkali feldspar, and plagioclase).
• The principal minerals are plagioclase, quartz, K-feldspar, biotite, and
muscovite. Accessory minerals consist of pyrite, zircon, apatite, magnetite,
epidote, garnet, pyroxene, and sphene.
• Plagioclase crystals are heavily altered into sericite/illitic clays in several
samples (Plates 3, 5 and 8). Rare to minor biotite crystals are altered into
chlorite. Rare Fe-dolomite/dolomite is present in a few samples.
• Macropores are rare to minor, and consist of dissolution intracrystal, moldic
and fracture pores. Micropores are probably rare to minor in abundance and
associated with some illitic clays.
Thank you for choosing Core Laboratories to perform this study. Please feel free
to contact us if you have any questions or comments concerning this report.
Sincerely,
Yong Q. Wu PhD
Staff Geologist
Reservoir Geology
Core Laboratories - Houston
Phone: [phone]
E-mail: Yong.Wu(@corelab.com

ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
THIN SECTION PETROGRAPHY
Thin sections were prepared by first impregnating the samples with epoxy to augment
cohesion and to prevent loss of material during grinding. Each thinly sliced sample was
mounted on a frosted glass slide and then grounded to an approximate thickness of 30
microns. The thin sections were stained with the following: Alizarin Red-S to
differentiate calcite (stains red) from clear dolomite (does not stain); potassium
ferricyanide to identify ferroan dolomite (stains dark blue) and ferroan calcite (stains
purple to dark blue depending on acid concentration and iron content of the sample).
They were also stained with sodium cobaltinitrite for potassium feldspar (stains yellow).
The thin sections were analyzed using standard petrographic techniques.
Igneous rock classification scheme is as follows (Q = quartz; A = alkali feldspar; P =
plagioclase; F = feldspathoid):
quay¢
alkali leldspar
syende
alkaHfeldspar 5
syenite A
'o._r.9
alkali Feldspar�0
syenite
0
F
quarU diorite
quartz gabhro
quartrarnorthosne
gabbro
diorite
P anorthosite
Feld•hear ing gahbro
Fold -bearing diorite
*d4eaang anorthosite

TABLE 1
SynTerra Corp., Cliffside Project
ANALYTICAL PROGRAM AND SAMPLE SUMMARY
Sample No.:
Depth (ft):
TS
Porosity (%)
Grain
Density
(g/cc)
Lithology:
Classification:
Plate No.
GWA-31 BR
9.0
X
0.62
2.761
Igneous Rock
Tonalite
1
AS-813R
60.0
X
0.94
2.683
Igneous Rock
Granite
2
CCR-1 13-313R
60.0
X
0.85
2.729
Igneous Rock
Tonalite
3
CCR-U5-4BR
69.0
X
1.19
2.814
Igneous Rock
Tonalite
4
CCR-12BR
106.0
X
4.87
2.757
Igneous Rock
Tonalite
5
AS-713R
112.0
X
0.88
2.746
Igneous Rock
Tonalite
6
AB-1 BRO
137.0
X
2.34
2.799
Igneous Rock
Granite
7
AB-1 BRO
168.0
X
1.01
2.615
Igneous Rock
Granite
8

PLATE 1
Thin Section Petrography
Company:
SynTerra Corp.
Project:
Cliffside
Location:
na
Sample No.: GWA-31 BR
Depth (ft):
9.0
A
Ap
Plag L
°� a.• as �
AL
B
Plag
��� Zr�
Q
r
Y�
Relative Abundances:
Rare
<1 %
Minor
1-5%
Moderate
5-10%
Common
10-20%
HESERVOIR Abundant
>20%
Core Analysis Data:
Porosity (%): 0.62
Grain Density (g/cc): 2.761
Sample Description
Lithology: Igneous Rock
Classification: Tonalite
Crystal Size (mm): 0.95
Structures:
massive, fractures, faint lineation
Principal Minerals:
abundant plagioclase; abundant quartz; abundant biotite;
moderate amphibole
Accessory Minerals:
rare to minor epidote, pyrite, magnetite, pyroxene, zircon,
sphene, and apatite
Alteration and Replacement:
rare plagioclase crystals are altered into sericite and/or illitic
clays; rare Fe -dolomite
Pore Types:
rare to minor dissolution intracrystal and fracture pores
Photomicrograph Caption
The principal minerals are plagioclase (Plag), quartz (Q),
biotite (Bi), and amphibole (Am) in this igneous rock
(tonalite). These mineral crystals show an interlocking
fabric. Accessory minerals are epidote, pyrite (Py),
magnetite, pyroxene, zircon (Zr), sphene (Sph), and apatite
(Ap). The plagioclase is rarely altered into sericite/illitic
clays. Macropores are rare, and consist of dissolution
intracrystal and fracture (Fr) pores. The green box in Image
A indicates the location of Image B.

PLATE 2
Thin Section Petrography
Company:
SynTerra Corp.
Project:
Cliffside
Location:
na
Sample No.: AS-8BR
Depth (ft):
60.0
A
-Flag/Ser
B
Q
KF -.
+ KF , a-
rOL"
Bi
Q KF
tv
*r_a: Plag/Ser
ChA
_____
Gw
,1 g� 1 m m
4 r . 7V f/ r
149
f
SFr
r,. _ ' -
Relative Abundances:
Rare
<1 %
Minor
1-5%
Moderate
5-10%
Common
10-20%
HESERVOIR Abundant
>20%
Core Analysis Data:
Porosity (%): 0.94
Grain Density (g/cc): 2.683
Sample Description
Lithology: Igneous Rock
Classification: Granite
Crystal Size (mm): 1.45
Structures:
massive, fractures
Principal Minerals:
abundant K-feldspar; abundant quartz; common
plagioclase; minor biotite; minor muscovite
Accessory Minerals:
rare to minor garnet, zircon, pyrite, magnetite, and apatite
Alteration and Replacement:
common plagioclase crystals are altered into sericite and/or
illitic clays; minor biotite crystals are altered into chlorite;
rare Fe -dolomite
Pore Types:
rare to minor dissolution intracrystal and fracture pores
Photomicrograph Caption
K-feldspar (KF; stained yellow), plagioclase (Plag), quartz
(Q), biotite (Bi) and muscovite are the principal minerals in
this igneous rock (granite). These mineral crystals show an
interlocking fabric. Accessory minerals consist of garnet
(Gn), zircon, pyrite, magnetite, and apatite. This sample has
been severely altered, as indicated by the extensive
alteration of plagioclase into sericite/illitic clays (Ser). Biotite
crystals are locally altered into chlorite (Ch). Macropores
are rare, and mostly fractures (Fr) and dissolution
intracrystal pores. Micropores are probably rare to minor in
abundance and associated with some illitic clays. The
green box in Image A indicates the location of Image B.

PLATE 3
Thin Section Petrography
Company: SynTerra Corp. Sample Description
Project: Cliffside Lithology: Igneous Rock
Location: na
Sample No.: CCR-1 B-3BR Classification: Tonalite
Depth (ft): 60.0 Crystal Size (mm): 0.86
Structures:
A massive, fractures, micro -fault, faint lineation
B
M 7.
Plag/Serer%
100 lam
,
Relative Abundances:
Rare
<1 %
Minor
1-5%
Moderate
5-10%
Common
10-20%
HESERVOIR Abundant
>20%
Core Analysis Data:
Porosity (%): 0.85
Grain Density (g/cc): 2.729
Principal Minerals:
abundant plagioclase; abundant quartz; common biotite
Accessory Minerals:
rare to minor epidote, pyrite, zircon, sphene, muscovite, K-
feldspar, and apatite
Alteration and Replacement:
abundant plagioclase crystals are altered into sericite
and/or illitic clays; minor biotite crystals are altered into
chlorite; rare illitic clays fill fractures; rare dolomite
Pore Types:
no visible pores
Photomicrograph Caption
The principal minerals are plagioclase (Plag), quartz (Q),
and biotite (Bi) in this igneous rock (tonalite). These mineral
crystals show an interlocking fabric. Accessory minerals are
epidote, pyrite, zircon, sphene, muscovite, amphibole, K-
feldspar (KF; stained yellow), and apatite. This sample has
been severely altered, as indicated by the extensive
alteration of plagioclase into sericite/illitic clays (Ser). Clay -
filled fractures (Fr/clay) are also observed. Chlorite locally
replaces biotite. Micro -faults (Fault) are rarely present. No
pores are visible, micropores are probably rare to minor in
abundance and associated with some illitic clays. The
green box in Image A indicates the location of Image B.

PLATE 4
Thin Section Petrography
Company: SynTerra Corp. Sample Description
Project: Cliffside Lithology: Igneous Rock
Location: na
Sample No.: CCR-U5-4BR Classification: Tonalite
Depth (ft): 69.0 Crystal Size (mm): 0.73
Structures:
A massive, faint lineation
B
Relative Abundances:
Rare
<1 %
Minor
1-5%
Moderate
5-10%
Common
10-20%
HESERVOIR Abundant
>20%
100 pm
Core Analysis Data:
Porosity (%): 1.19
Grain Density (g/cc): 2.814
Principal Minerals:
abundant plagioclase; abundant biotite; abundant quartz
Accessory Minerals:
rare to minor epidote, pyrite, zircon, and apatite
Alteration and Replacement:
minor plagioclase crystals are altered into sericite and/or
illitic clays; rare dolomite
Pore Types:
rare to minor dissolution intracrystal and moldic pores
Photomicrograph Caption
Plagioclase (Plag), biotite (Bi), and quartz (Q) are the
principal minerals in this igneous rock (tonalite). These
mineral crystals show an interlocking fabric. Accessory
minerals consist of epidote, pyrite (Py), zircon, and apatite.
The plagioclase is locally altered into sericite/illitic clays
(Ser). Macropores are unevenly distributed, and mostly
dissolution moldic (MP) and intracrystal pores. Micropores
are probably rare to minor in abundance and associated
with some illitic clays. Note some moldic pores are partly
filled with dolomite crystals (Dol). The green box in Image A
indicates the location of Image B.

PLATE 5
Thin Section Petrography
Company: SynTerra Corp. Sample Description
Project: Cliffside Lithology: Igneous Rock
Location: na
Sample NO.: CCR-12BR Classification: Tonalite
Depth (ft): 106.0 Crystal Size (mm): 0.43
Structures:
A massive, fractures
.77
y t
I very'
Plag/S�ir
AF Mtus
1t 1P
B
Relative Abundances:
Rare
<1 %
Minor
1-5%
Moderate
5-10%
Common
10-20%
HESERVOIR Abundant
>20%
Fdclay/ft m
f
1 mm
Core Analysis Data:
Porosity (%): 4.87
Grain Density (g/cc): 2.757
Principal Minerals:
abundant plagioclase; abundant quartz; minor biotite; minor
muscovite
Accessory Minerals:
rare to minor zircon, K-feldspar, and apatite
Alteration and Replacement:
abundant plagioclase crystals are altered into sericite
and/or illitic clays; minor biotite crystals are altered into
chlorite; rare illitic clays/hematite fill fractures and
moldic/intracrystal pores
Pore Types:
minor dissolution intracrystal, moldic and fracture pores
Photomicrograph Caption
The principal minerals are plagioclase (Plag), quartz (Q),
biotite (Bi), and muscovite (Mus) in this igneous rock
(tonalite). These mineral crystals show an interlocking
fabric. Accessory minerals are zircon, K-feldspar, and
apatite. This sample has been severely altered/weathered,
as indicated by the extensive alteration of plagioclase into
sericite/illitic clays (Ser). Clays/hematite (clay/hem) fill
moldic pores and fractures (Fr). Chlorite locally replaces
biotite. Dissolution intracrystal (IP) and moldic (MP) pores,
and open fractures are minor in abundance. Micropores are
probably rare to minor in abundance and associated with
some illitic clays. The green box in Image A indicates the
location of Image B.

PLATE 6
Thin Section Petrography
Company: SynTerra Corp. Sample Description
Project: Cliffside Lithology: Igneous Rock
Location: na
Sample NO.: AS-7BR Classification: Tonalite
Depth (ft): 112.0 Crystal Size (mm): 1.20
Structures:
A massive, fractures, faint lineation
Mus"
Plag/Ser
Mus
Mus
IP
}
B
Plag/Ser
t.
Plag/Ser
Mus
} V y� • Sy 1
Aj
,�•, f Plag
..�- • + IQ.
P�r
PQ.
P�g/Ser
Relative Abundances:
Rare
<1 %
Minor
1-5%
Moderate
5-10%
Common
10-20%
HESERVOIR Abundant
>20%
t;
1mm
Core Analysis Data:
Porosity (%): 0.88
Grain Density (g/cc): 2.746
Principal Minerals:
abundant plagioclase; abundant quartz; moderate biotite;
moderate muscovite
Accessory Minerals:
rare to minor garnet, zircon, pyrite, magnetite, sphene, and
apatite
Alteration and Replacement:
common plagioclase crystals are altered into sericite and/or
illitic clays; rare biotite crystals are altered into chlorite; rare
illitic clays fill intracrystal pores; rare Fe -dolomite
Pore Types:
minor dissolution intracrystal and fracture pores
Photomicrograph Caption
Plagioclase (Plag), quartz (Q), biotite (Bi), and muscovite
(Mus) are the principal minerals in this igneous rock
(tonalite). These mineral crystals show an interlocking
fabric. Accessory minerals consist of garnet, zircon, pyrite
(Py), magnetite, sphene, and apatite. The plagioclase is
locally altered into sericite/illitic clays (Ser). Chlorite rarely
replaces biotite. Fe -dolomite (Fdol; stained blue) is highly
scattered. Macropores are mostly intracrystal (IP) and
fracture pores. Micropores are probably rare to minor in
abundance and associated with some illitic clays. The
green box in Image A indicates the location of Image B.

PLATE 7
Thin Section Petrography
Company:
SynTerra Corp.
Project:
Cliffside
Location:
na
Sample No.:
ABA BRO
Depth (ft):
137.0
A
V.
K�/
�►
�.
KF +' S3r y 4F
Q A
r ,
Mus
Q
�..= KF
,� Plag
Fri
- 1 mm
B
Q � Q
1 --Mus IN
'' �!�• r i r r �
` Plag./
la ') .1, ' r -
11
Ala -
Relative Abundances:
Rare <1 %
Minor 1-5%
Moderate 5-10%
Common 10-20%
HESERVOIR Abundant >20%
KF
Core Analysis Data:
Porosity (%): 2.34
Grain Density (g/cc): 2.799
Sample Description
Lithology: Igneous Rock
Classification: Granite
Crystal Size (mm): 2.10
Structures:
massive, fractures
Principal Minerals:
abundant K-feldspar; abundant quartz; common
plagioclase; minor biotite; minor muscovite
Accessory Minerals:
rare to minor sphene, zircon, pyrite, magnetite, and apatite
Alteration and Replacement:
minor plagioclase crystals are altered into sericite and/or
illitic clays; rare Fe -dolomite
Pore Types:
rare to minor dissolution intracrystal and fracture pores
Photomicrograph Caption
The principal minerals are K-feldspar (KF; stained yellow),
plagioclase (Plag), quartz (Q), biotite (Bi), and muscovite
(Mus) in this igneous rock (granite). These mineral crystals
show an interlocking fabric. Accessory minerals consist of
sphene, zircon, pyrite (Py), magnetite, and apatite. The
plagioclase is locally altered into sericite/illitic clays.
Macropores are rare, and mostly fractures (Fr) and
dissolution intracrystal (IP) pores. Micropores are probably
rare to minor in abundance and associated with some illitic
clays. The green box in Image A indicates the location of
Image B.
KF
Core Analysis Data:
Porosity (%): 2.34
Grain Density (g/cc): 2.799
Sample Description
Lithology: Igneous Rock
Classification: Granite
Crystal Size (mm): 2.10
Structures:
massive, fractures
Principal Minerals:
abundant K-feldspar; abundant quartz; common
plagioclase; minor biotite; minor muscovite
Accessory Minerals:
rare to minor sphene, zircon, pyrite, magnetite, and apatite
Alteration and Replacement:
minor plagioclase crystals are altered into sericite and/or
illitic clays; rare Fe -dolomite
Pore Types:
rare to minor dissolution intracrystal and fracture pores
Photomicrograph Caption
The principal minerals are K-feldspar (KF; stained yellow),
plagioclase (Plag), quartz (Q), biotite (Bi), and muscovite
(Mus) in this igneous rock (granite). These mineral crystals
show an interlocking fabric. Accessory minerals consist of
sphene, zircon, pyrite (Py), magnetite, and apatite. The
plagioclase is locally altered into sericite/illitic clays.
Macropores are rare, and mostly fractures (Fr) and
dissolution intracrystal (IP) pores. Micropores are probably
rare to minor in abundance and associated with some illitic
clays. The green box in Image A indicates the location of
Image B.

PLATE 8
Thin Section Petrography
Company:
SynTerra Corp.
Project:
Cliffside
Location:
na
Sample No.: ABA BRO
Depth (ft):
168.0
A
Sample Description
Lithology: Igneous Rock
Classification: Granite
Crystal Size (mm): 2.10
Structures:
massive, fractures
Principal Minerals:
abundant K-feldspar; abundant quartz; common
plagioclase; minor muscovite
Accessory Minerals:
rare to minor sphene, zircon, pyrite, epidote, biotite, and
apatite
Alteration and Replacement:
common plagioclase crystals are altered into sericite and/or
illitic clays; rare biotite crystals are altered into chlorite; rare
Fe -dolomite
B Pore Types:
T -
,. rare to minor dissolution intracrystal and fracture pores
-AN
:.�
�F a
f
r f
Or
�=
Fdol
Relative Abundances:
Core Analysis Data:
Rare
<1 %
Porosity (%): 1.01
Minor
1-5%
Grain Density (g/cc): 2.615
Moderate
5-10%
Common
10-20%
HESERVOIR Abundant
>20%
Photomicrograph Caption
K-feldspar (KF; stained yellow), quartz (Q), plagioclase
(Plag), and muscovite (Mus) are the principal minerals in
this igneous rock (granite). These mineral crystals show an
interlocking fabric. Accessory minerals consist of sphene,
zircon, pyrite, epidote (Epi), biotite, and apatite. The
plagioclase is heavily altered into sericite/illitic clays (Ser).
Fe -dolomite (Fdol; stained blue) is locally observed.
Macropores are rare, and mostly fractures (Fr) and
dissolution intracrystal (IP) pores. Micropores are probably
rare to minor in abundance and associated with some illitic
clays. The green box in Image A indicates the location of
Image B.