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Home My WebLink AboutNC0004979_Allen_Appendix B_20191231Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra APPENDIX B COMPREHENSIVE SITE ASSESSMENT UPDATE REPORT REVIEW COMMENTS RESPONSES Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra CSA Update Report Deficiencies Comment 1 The report contents are presented in a data summary format, exhibiting a lack of conclusive data analysis and interpretation of site conditions. Response Summary - 1 The report contents are presented in data summary format to clearly provide the facts regarding site characterization. Duke Energy disagrees with the comment that data analysis conclusions and interpretation of site conditions were not provided. However, a more thorough discussion regarding site conditions and conclusions are provided in the CAP Update report supported with tables, figures and modeling results as specified in the CAP Content Guidance (April 27, 2018 and September 10, 2019 NCDEQ letters). CSA Update Report Deficiencies Comment 2 The report fails to fully integrate and evaluate data collected from previous versions of the CSA reports for the facility. Response Summary - 2 As indicated above, all historical and current CSA data (as of report issuance) was provided in tabular and pictorial form for succinct definition of site conditions. Previous CSA and CAP submittals provided detailed information that was not deemed necessary for repetitiveness in the CSA Update report; however, the CAP Update report incorporates pertinent information from the previous reports to fully address site conditions for corrective action. CSA Update Report Deficiencies Comment 3 The distribution of constituents of interest related to coal ash sources presented in the report often fail, for at least some areas of the site, to fully and clearly delineate exceedances of the 15A NCAC 2L or 2B standards above background levels. Response Summary - 3 Deficiencies regarding 02L exceedances are better defined/delineated in the CAP Update report. Additional sampling to assess groundwater (02L) to surface water (02B) interaction has been conducted and provided in Appendix J of the CAP Update report. CSA Update Report Deficiencies Comment 4 The characterization of other primary and secondary sources other than impoundments that contribute to the groundwater plumes is inadequate. Page 1 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra Response Summary - 4 An overview of primary and secondary sources, along with NCDEQ consensus, is presented in Section 3 of the CAP Update report. CSA Update Report Deficiencies Comment 5 As detailed more fully in the attached document, additional data gaps remain concerning impacts from coal ash at the facility. Response Summary - 5 Noted. Additional data gaps as presented in the site -specific CSA comments are addressed in the CAP Update report with appropriate references within the document. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 1 The report suggests there are inadequate data in the shallow flow layer beneath both the inactive and active ash basins. This data gap was not identified as such in the report; however, this lack of information concerning site conditions beneath the basins should be addressed accordingly in order to complete characterization and support CAP development. Response Summary - 1 Since the CSA Update submittal, 11 additional wells were installed within the saprolite beneath the inactive/retired and active ash basins. Figure 1-2 shows the location of AB-21SS, AB-25SS, AB-29SS, AB-33SS, AB-35PWS, AB-38SS, AB-40SS, AB-41SS, AB-42SS, AB-43SS, and AB-44SS in plan view. The well network withinibeneath the basins is depicted on four cross -sections presented in the CAP Update (Figures 6-3 through 6-6). As discussed in Section 5 of the CAP Update, the conceptual Site model (CSM) for Allen details a flow -through water system with groundwater movement into the upgradient (western) end and flowing laterally (to the east) through the middle regions (retired and active ash basins). As shown in Tables 6-1 and 6-5, the wells installed within the saprolite beneath the ash basins are only impacted if they are adjacent to earthen dams and/or dikes. Dams and dikes promote downward vertical gradients into the groundwater system, which aid the movement of COIs through the system (Figure 5-3). DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 2 Rationale for why radionuclides are not considered as COIs at Allen Steam Station should be provided. Response Summary - 2 Radionuclides are not considered as COIs at Allen Steam Station based on the following: Page 2 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra • Concentrations of total radium in groundwater at the Site have been less than the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 5 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) with exceptions of sporadic detections greater than the MCL at the following wells: exceedances of the are limited to AB-9S, BG-2BR, CCR-3D, CCR-3DA, CCR- 11D, GWA-3D, and GWA-4BRL (Appendix C, Table 1). Of the wells listed, only one (GWA-4BRL) has had concentrations greater than the MCL for total radium since 2017. GWA-4BRL is a bedrock groundwater monitoring well installed downgradient of the retired ash basin (RAB) in 2019. Two samples were collected from GWA-4BRL as of June 2019 for the inclusion of this CAP Update, with one being analyzed for total radium. The total radium value yielded from this sample may be anomalous or a result of well "break in period". No wells upgradient or in the vicinity of GWA-4BRL have concentrations greater than the MCL for total radium. The screened interval for GWA-4BRL is beneath wells installed within the shallow, deep, and upper bedrock zones, none of which have had concentrations greater than the MCL, so there is no indication that radium, if present within the RAB, has been transported from the RAB through shallower groundwater to the lower bedrock at GWA-4BRL. The lack of consistent detections of radium at concentrations greater than the MCL indicates that the ash basins and coal piles at Allen are not sources of radium in groundwater and therefore radium is not a COI at Allen. • Concentrations of total uranium in groundwater at the Site have been less than the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.03 picocuries per liter (pCVL) with the exception of detections slightly greater than the MCL of 0.03 micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) at AB-21SL (Appendix C, Table 1). AB- 21SL, is an ash pore water well located in the south-central portion of the active ash basin (AAB). Wells installed in groundwater beneath the basin have not had uranium concentrations greater than the MCL. Therefore, there is no indication that uranium -impacted groundwater is present in this area, or elsewhere at the Site and therefore, uranium is not a COI at Allen. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 3 Based on review of the isoconcentration maps (Figures 11-1 thru 11-60), it is apparent that additional characterization of the vertical and horizontal extent of several COIs at several GWA/CCR well pair locations is warranted (This issue can be discussed in greater detail between North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) Mooresville Regional Office (MRO) and Duke Energy staff prior to completing the CAP). Page 3 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra Response Summary - 3 A COI Management Plan (CMP) was developed to evaluate and summarize COI concentrations in groundwater at the Site (Appendix H) (Arcadis 2019). Results of this CMP are used to identify areas that may require corrective action and to determine appropriate Site -specific mapping of COI concentrations on figures based on the actual distribution of each COI in Site groundwater. • Groundwater COIs to be addressed with corrective action are those which exhibit concentrations in groundwater at or beyond the compliance boundary greater than the 02L standard, IMAC, or background values, whichever is highest. Table 6-6 presents the COI management matrix for determining COIs subject to corrective action at Allen. The CMP is also used to discern constituents at naturally occurring concentrations greater than 02L that would not be subject to corrective action. Examples include naturally occurring COIs that do not exhibit a discernable plume or COI that have no correlation with other soluble constituents associated with coal ash or another primary source (e.g., boron or sulfate). A three -step process was utilized in the CMP approach: • An evaluation of the applicable regulatory context • An evaluation of the mobility of target constituents • A determination of the distribution of constituents within Site groundwater Isoconcentration maps for COIs retained for corrective action in the CAP Update are provided in Figures 6-19a through 6-25c. As discussed in Sections 6.1.4 and 6.1.5, the maximum extent of COI -affected groundwater migration for all flow zones is represented by conservative COIs (boron, sulfate, and TDS) at Allen. Empirical data is used to understand the extents of constituents where available. Where not available, the groundwater flow and transport model is utilized to predict concentrations and extent. For sulfate, the groundwater flow and transport model was confirmed by utilizing the newly acquired data from wells associated with the low pH area and coal pile area north of the RAB. Additionally, the Catawba River (Lake Wylie), a downgradient hydraulic barrier, delineates the COI exceedances to the east. Page 4 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 4 The MRO does not support the use of BG-2BRA2 as a background well at this time due to unacceptable groundwater quality. Once data are available that indicates water quality is acceptable at this location (whether it be additional well development or replacement), MRO will consider adding this location into the background evaluation. Response Summary - 4 Per a March 6, 2019 discussion between Duke Energy and MRO (Brandy Costner), BG-2BRA2 was approved as a background well following additional well development, which aided the water quality at this location. As shown in Table 1 of Appendix C, the pH value of the most recent groundwater sample collected from BG-2BRA2 is within the 02L standard range (6.5 - 8.5 S.U.). DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 5 The report stated, "Available groundwater data from monitoring wells associated with the Federal Coal Combustion Residuals Rule (CCR Rule) compliance program are also considered in data interpretations. However, the CCR data has not been fully incorporated into the analysis of this CSA due to the data only becoming available as of mid January 2018. For example, analytical results from CCR Rule -specific monitoring wells are included on isoconcentration maps and analytical summary tables, but not integrated into detailed mathematical analysis, such as piper plots, box -and -whisker plots or background statistical calculations." While it is accurate that the Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) data collected as part of the Federal CCR Rule were not publicly available until mid -January 2018, the data were available to Duke Energy and their consultants as it was collected between 2016 to the present. CCR data could have and should have been utilized to the fullest extent in this report, but it is unclear as to what extent CCR data were utilized and incorporated into evaluations of site conditions, if at all. CCR Groundwater data are expected to be fully incorporated into the CAP. Response Summary - 5 Groundwater data from monitoring wells associated with the CCR Rule compliance program are utilized and incorporated into the CAP Update. All available CCR Rule groundwater monitoring well data is provided in Appendix C, Table 1. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 6 According to the report, private WSW data collected after 2015 was only preliminarily reviewed. Amore detailed review of WSW data post 2015 is warranted. This review is necessary to ensure the additional WSWs sampled since 2015 at Allen Steam Station do not exhibit impacts from coal ash activities from the site and support Duke Energy's position that private WSWs have not been impacted. Page 5 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra Response Summary - 6 Information regarding water supply wells can be found in Sections 5.3.3 and 6.2.2 with comparisons of analytical data to applicable standards and explanation of potential impacts provided on Table 6-9 and Appendix C, Table 1. While numerous water supply wells exceed 02L/IMAC and/or background values (Table 6-9), whichever is greater, no water supply wells exceed the 02L standard for boron (700 µg/L) and one water supply well exceeds the 02L standard for sulfate (250 mg/L). AL 115, the water supply well that exceeds the 02L standard for sulfate is located on the opposite side of the hydraulic divide from Allen. Boron and sulfate, grouped in the conservative geochemical group (Appendix H), are considered the diagnostic constituents for the Allen source areas. This information, along with water level data (Figures 5-4a through 5-4c, Table 5-1a) and groundwater model outputs (Appendix G), confirms constituents derived from the Allen Steam Station are not impacting the water supply wells in the immediate vicinity of the Site. Therefore, the exceedances that occur in the water supply wells upgradient of the Allen are likely due to naturally occurring regional variability. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 7 It was stated in the report that boron and sulfate values should be considered with caution due to grout contamination likely caused by poor well construction. During review of this report, it was noticed that data collected from the select wells that continue to exhibit high pH or turbidity were not presented or included in the evaluations as they were deemed invalid. This is contrary to what was agreed upon between MRO, Duke Energy and their consultants in a meeting on June 15, 2017. In order to reach a compromise regarding well replacement due to grout contaminated wells, MRO, Duke Energy and their consultants agreed that boron and sulfate were seemingly unaffected by elevated pH and/or turbidity and these suspect wells would be used for water -level measurements along with boron and sulfate sampling that would support development of fate and transport models with respect to leading -edge constituents. If Duke Energy and their consultants do not support use of these data to address this critical component of the site assessment, then the wells should be replaced and quality data collected to support characterization of groundwater contamination. Response Summary - 7 The data in question was used in the CSA qualitatively and to draw isoconcentration lines, but was not posted on figures in order to avoid confusion. Figures within the CAP Update include the data in question and qualify the results with notes as discussed in other DEQ comments below. Page 6 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 8 Upward gradients were also observed west of the ash basins in close proximity to private WSWs (Figures 6-13 thru 6-15). An evaluation of the upward gradients observed should be provided and should also include discussion of the relevance in terms of contaminant movement. Response Summary - 8 As discussed in Section 5.1.2.3, vertical gradients were calculated utilizing water level measurements collected in March 2019. Vertical gradient results were also evaluated and used in support of the conceptual site model discussed in Section 5 of the CAP Update. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 9 The report suggests upward gradients inhibit downward migration of contaminants into bedrock; however, site data at several locations at Allen Steam Station indicate contamination is already present in bedrock, particularly east of the basins adjacent the Catawba River. Please provide adequate rationale based on site -specific data to support an interpretation of site conditions where upward gradients inhibit vertical contaminant migration across the facility. Response Summary - 9 An assessment of Site -wide flow is presented in Section 5.1.2.1. Groundwater at the Allen Steam Station is recharged by rainfall infiltration in the upland areas followed by discharge to the perennial stream valley, where the ash basins were constructed (Figure 5-3). The physical setting of the ash basins is a flow -through water system with groundwater movement into the upgradient (western) end, flowing laterally (to the east) through the middle regions, and downward near the dam. Near the dam, vertical hydraulic gradients, imposed by hydraulic pressure of basin free water, promote downward vertical gradients into the groundwater system. The downward vertical gradients directly upgradient of the ash basin dams are the reason of contamination present in bedrock east of the basins adjacent the Catawba River (Lake Wylie). Beyond the dam, groundwater flows upward, inhibiting further downward migration of constituents (Section 5.1.2.3). DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 10 There is conflicting information presented in this report regarding the presence of a topographic divide located approximately along NC Highway 273 that is considered to be a groundwater divide. The groundwater flow direction depicted in Figure ES. 1 does not support this statement based on groundwater flow direction arrows. Presence or absence of this topographic/groundwater divide should be further evaluated and supported by data. Page 7 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra Response Summary - 10 The presence of a topographic divide, which generally corresponds to a hydraulic divide, is shown in Figure 5-5a and Figures 6-19a through 6-25c. As referenced in the 2015 CSA, 2018 CSA Update, and 2019 CAP Update, the topographic and hydraulic divide is located along NC Highway 273 (South Point Road), west of the Site. The existence of the divide is supported by topographic contours (Figure 1-1), water level maps (Figures 5-4a through 5-4c), groundwater model outputs (Figures 5-5a through 5-5c), groundwater analytical data (Appendix C, Table 1), and the flow and transport model (Appendix G). DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 11 Concentration trends were depicted as graphs in Figures 14-81 through 14-101 with footnotes that stated the most recent data available from March 2010 to November 2017 were utilized. While these figures do illustrate temporal ranges of COI concentrations, there is no discussionlevaluation provided within the report as to how these data relate to plume status or how hydrogeological andlor geochemical factors affect COI distribution across the site. For example, total and hexavalent chromium are shown to have increasing concentrations upgradient of the ash basins (western portion of the site), but no explanation was provided to support interpretation of site conditions. Provide an explanation of the spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater contamination with respect to each COI across the site where applicable. Response Summary - 11 Geochemical modeling results support an evaluation of COI variability. In general, constituent concentrations have been relatively stable, with the greatest increase across sampling events for hexavalent chromium being less than 2 micrograms per liter, including one anomalous result at well GWA-17D. Total chromium results were similar. This indicates variability of observed COI concentrations may be the result of natural processes. The CSM within the CAP Update provides the outline of how hydrogeological and geochemical factors affect COI distribution across the Site. Additional discussion of concentration trends has been provided in the CAP, and is supported by data evaluations including analysis using Mann -Kendall trend analyses (Table 6-7, Section 6.1.5.1). DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 12 It is stated in multiple sections of the report that the majority of ash in both basins is saturated. The alternatives analysis for source control provided in the CAP and Closure Plans should provide an evaluation of site conditions that incorporate the volume of ash, the impact of decantingldewatering, and the volume of ash that is anticipated to remain saturated under a Cap- in -place scenario. The CAP and Closure Plan should explain how the lateral component of groundwater flow and resulting contaminant flux will be addressed if source material remains in Page 8 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra place, including an evaluation of potential groundwater control measures that could be implemented to lower the water table. Response Summary - 12 The CAP Update considers the effects of potential closure scenarios, including how closure activities would affect the water table. Figure 6-7 in the CAP Update report compares saturated ash thicknesses for pre -decanting and post closure conditions. The impact of decanting/closure activities is discussed in Section 5 and 6 and shown in Figures 6-17a through 6-17d, Table 5-2, and Figures 5-5a through 5-5c, The groundwater flow and transport model (Appendix G) assesses pre -decanting and future Site conditions, including the extent of contaminants for potential closure scenarios. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 13 Based on review of Figure 7-1 and 14-102, delineation of soil impacts has not been completed at Allen Steam Station. Soil contamination should be delineated to either the site -specific background threshold values (BTVs) or Protection of Groundwater (POG) Preliminary Soil Remediation Goals (PSRGs), whichever is higher. Where appropriate, use the equation provided in the PSRG table to establish a POG PSRG for a constituent with 02L standard that does have a PSRG established. Response Summary - 13 Information regarding unsaturated soils can be found in Section 6.1.4.1 of the CAP Update. Since the 2018 CSA Update, additional soil sampling efforts were conducted in April 2019 and September/October 2019 to delineate concentrations of COIs detected greater than soil background values and/or PSRG POGs, whichever is greater. Soil sampling results are presented in the CAP Update (Figure 6-8, Table 6- 3). Unsaturated soils are considered delineated both horizontally and vertically, or not attributable to the source areas. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 14 Provide an explanation of how and why soil contamination occurs outside of the waste boundaries, particularly soils which exhibit elevated concentrations of chromium, iron, manganese, strontium, and vanadium upgradient of the ash basins. Response Summary - 14 The basins are surrounded by dikes or naturally elevated ground surface and there is no known pathway for COIs to migrate beyond the waste boundary of the ash basins, except for potentially, along the flow channels of seeps from the basins. There have been no reported releases of coal combustion residuals from the basins. Page 9 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra Therefore, concentrations greater than background values (Table 4-2) may be a result of naturally occurring regional variability. Locations noted as having COI concentrations greater than soil background values and/or PSRG POGs are at background and/or upgradient locations, as mentioned. Unsaturated soils from background locations exceed the PSRG POG and/or the background, whichever is greater, for boron, chromium, and selenium (Figure 6-8, Table 6-3). The values of boron, chromium, and selenium observed at the background locations are greater than those observed within the waste boundary and downgradient of the ash basins (Appendix C, Table 4). Due to the natural occurrence of elements, understanding of Site groundwater divides and flow direction, and unlikeliness that constituents have migrated a significant extent from the ash basin, these elevated soil concentrations do not suggest impact from the ash basin. There is a potential pathway for limited migration of COIs associated with the coal piles to affect unsaturated soil in the immediate vicinity of the coal piles where coal may have been staged or where storm water runoff may have transported constituents. Surface water runoff from the coal piles has historically been contained as drainage is collected within a coal yard sump which was pumped to and treated within the active ash basin. Currently, this drainage is captured within a holding basin and pumped to and treated within the lined retention basin. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 15 Groundwater data suggests the coal pile is contributing to groundwater impacts at the site. The coal pile is located north of the RAB Landfill (aka inactive ash basin). Further assessment is warranted in this area to understand contributions of groundwater impacts from the coal pile and provide delineation on this portion of the site. Duke Energy has already provided a work plan to assess the coal pile area. This evaluation should be included in the CAP. Response Summary - 15 The coal pile area at Allen is recognized by NCDEQ as a potential source area adjacent to and downgradient of the ash basins. A total of 12 groundwater monitoring wells were installed to assess the impact the coal pile area may have on the Site groundwater. From those monitoring wells, 23 ash/soil/rock samples were collected. An additional 23 monitoring wells were installed and 59 soil/ash samples were collected to further assess the coal pile as well as the low pH area. An assessment of the coal pile area is included in Section 6 of the CAP Update. The data from the monitoring wells installed to assess this area are included in Appendix C, Tables 1 and 4 and in Tables 6-3 and 6-5. The extent of groundwater impacts potentially attributable to the coal pile area is generally identified by 02L Page 10 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra exceedances of sulfate, while the extent of groundwater impacts potentially attributable to the ash basins is generally defined by the 02L exceedances of boron. The southern extent of the groundwater impact related to the coal pile area is indicated by groundwater monitoring wells CCR-7S/D and CP-6S/D/BR. The northern extent of the groundwater impact related to the coal pile area is indicated by the groundwater fate and transport model simulations (Figures 6-20a through 6- 20c). DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 16 Duke Energy recognizes the need for additional surface water samples and submitted a proposal to conduct 2L-2B compliance sampling at the facility. To date, only grab surface water samples have been collected at the facility, which is not in compliance with 02B for calculating acute and chronic values for select constituents. 2L-2B sampling is necessary to assess the leading edge of the contaminant plume to allow for a better understanding of groundwater discharge to surface waters. Also, it has a direct bearing on remedial technologies available for use at the site. If 2L- 2B compliance cannot be adequately demonstrated then MNA may not be considered a viable option as a remedial technology. Response Summary - 16 As noted in Response Summary — 3 of the Cover Letter Comments and Responses, deficiencies regarding 02L exceedances are addressed in the CAP Update report. Additional sampling and further assessment of groundwater (02L) to surface water (0213) interaction was conducted and is provided in Appendix J of the CAP Update. For both current and future conditions, no 02B exceedances are predicted at Allen. Constituent transport related to plume movement and potential 02B impacts are further described in the flow and transport and geochemical model reports as presented in Appendix G, Appendix H, and Appendix J. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 17 Vertical gradient maps (figures 6-13 thru 6-15): Evaluation of upward gradients observed at the site in respect to contaminant movement should be discussed. Response Summary - 17 The CAP Update provides an evaluation of gradients and constituent transport from the ash basins (Section 5.1.2.3), supported by the flow and transport (Appendix G) and geochemical models (Appendix H). As discussed in Section 5.1.2.3, groundwater generally has an upward vertical gradient west of the ash basins and east of the ash basins. Immediately upgradient of the dams, groundwater typically has a downward gradient due to the hydraulic pressure imposed by the free water Page 11 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra in the basin. Within the basins, flow is typically horizontal (flow through system), as noted in the CSM. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 18 Isoconcentration maps (figures 11-1 thru 11-60): ALL data points should be included on figures regardless of validity of data. Maps/figures are visual representations of data, but when data is left off it can be misleading and result informing inappropriate conclusions. Notes should be added regarding data validity and an explanation of why better -quality data is needed to provide a more accurate assessment of actual site conditions. Response Summary - 18 Presenting invalid or questionable data can be misleading and result in inaccurate interpretation of results. Therefore, data analyses were performed to establish means data (Table 6-5) that is used to create isoconcentration maps in the CAP Update. Using means, potential outlying anomalous data is mitigated to better represent Site conditions. Invalid/questionable data will continue to be carefully evaluated using professional judgement and presented with caution, where appropriate, through the use of detailed notes to qualify invalid/questionable data on figures within future submittals to avoid misrepresentation of site conditions. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 19 Isoconcentration maps (figures 11-1 thru 11-60): The maps indicated that data collected between March 2010 and November 2017. It should be indicated on the map for each data point which sampling event the data is from so that can be factored into the review/evaluation of data provided on the maps. If the majority of the data is from the November 2017 sampling event and a small subset is from other sampling events, simply state that in the legend and then on the map next to the locations that differ put the data of the sampling event the data was obtained. Response Summary - 19 The CAP Update evaluates groundwater data collected from January 2018 through June 2019 and more recent data from the coal pile area and low pH area investigation. As discussed above, the data was evaluated using means analysis to more accurately depict groundwater conditions at the Site. The exception is where more recent data was collected from the low pH area and coal pile area. Isoconcentration maps (Figures 6-19a through 6-25c) reflect data presented in Table 6-5. Table 6-5 is a summary table presenting the mean values of groundwater COIs using samples collected between January 2018 and June 2019, as well as the recent data from the low pH area and coal pile area assessment. A comprehensive data analytical table for groundwater is included as Appendix C, Table 1. Page 12 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 20 Isoconcentration maps (figures 11-1 thru 11-60): Reporting limits should be utilized instead of ND (non -detect). This provides meaningful information. Response Summary - 20 Isoconcentration maps (Figures 6-19a through 6-250 presented in the CAP Update report utilize reporting limits in place of ND (non -detect). DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 21 Isoconcentration maps (figures 11-1 thru 11-60): 2L/IMAC concentration lines should have been included on the maps regardless of the BTV. Response Summary - 21 Isoconcentration maps (Figures 6-19a through 6-250 presented in the CAP Update report depict both 02L/IMAC and background concentration lines where the regulatory standard is greater than the background concentration. For COIs with no established 02L/IMAC criteria, or background values greater than the 02L/IMAC criteria, only background concentration lines are shown. As discussed in Sections 4.2 and 5.1.2.9, background groundwater values in the vicinity of Allen are elevated above 02L/IMAC for several COIs (Table 4-3). The elevated nature of the COIs at background locations are likely due to naturally occurring regional variability. Due to this regional variability, where the 02L/IMAC standards are less than the background values, the background values are the level to which comparisons need to be made. Therefore, 02L/IMAC concentration lines are not included on isoconcentration maps when the background values are greater than the 02L/IMAC standards. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 22 Isoconcentration maps (figures 11-1 thru 11-60): There were instances where isoconcentration lines were not provided because it was deemed attributable to background. This is misleading — the map should be representative of available site data and then any evaluation/interpretation of that data should be included in the report itself. Response Summary - 22 As stated in Response Summary — 21, several COIs occur at concentrations in background groundwater monitoring wells in the vicinity of Allen. Due to the naturally occurring regional variability, exceedances are not always depicted by isoconcentration lines (Figures 6-19a through 6-25c) which could be misleading and erroneously indicate influence from the ash basins, in areas that are not influenced by the ash basins. While groundwater monitoring wells that are upgradient and/or Page 13 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra beyond the observed and modeled COI plumes are not depicted with isoconcentration lines, the data is posted with a note stating the rationale for exclusion. Wells that are not contoured using isoconcentration lines were evaluated by comparing groundwater flow direction (Figures 5-4a through 5-4c), observed boron and sulfate values (Table 6-5, Appendix C, Table 1), and modeled groundwater results (Appendix G). By including data attributable to background, the isoconcentration maps would not be diagnostic of the ash basin impacts on the groundwater and would be further misleading to the reader. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 23 Table 11-2 was provided to show wells that have transducers deployed in association with the coal pile holding basin dewatering project. These transducers are collecting valuable data on this portion of the site. Data collected as part of this project was not discussed or utilized in evaluations in this report. This data and related evaluation shall be included in the CAP. Response Summary - 23 Data retrieved from the transducers listed on Table 11-[1] has been included in the CAP Update, as requested, and used to evaluate groundwater flow and potential constituent transport. Figures 6-18a and 6-18b depict the impact the dewatering activities had on the monitoring wells in the vicinity of the holding basin area. As expected, the monitoring wells installed in the shallow flow zone immediately adjacent to the holding basin (CCR-7S, CCR-8S, and CCR-9S) showed responded the most to the dewatering activities. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 24 Models were run out to 100 years in the previous models submitted, with compliance not achieved for several constituents within that timeframe. It would be more appropriate to let the model run for 200-year and 300-year timeframes, or until compliance is achieved, so more informed decisions could be made about determining what a technically feasible timeframe is concerning remediation, particularly with regard to metals. Response Summary - 24 Updated models presented in the CAP were run -out to a duration beyond which simulated COI concentrations are less than the 02L/IMAC at the compliance boundary. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 25 It was indicated in the report that models would only include data up to 4th quarter 2017. The MRO expects 2018 data and any other applicable future data collected to be incorporated into updated models and submitted to support evaluation of remedial alternatives. Page 14 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra Response Summary - 25 The flow and transport (Appendix G) and geochemical (Appendix H) models, as well as the associated remedial alternatives presented in the CAP Update use available data through January 2019. Additionally, data obtained from the low pH area and coal pile area investigation is included in the geochemical model (Appendix H). DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 26 Initial models did not account for off -site water supply wells (WSWs). Even though, MRO has not reviewed any revised models, it is MRO's understanding that off -site WSWs have been added to the models. The MRO would like to emphasize the importance of this for the updated models as well as the fact that there are at least 3 large capacity wells located in close proximity of the facility. These wells produce on average over 4,000 gallons per day and this should be accounted for in the models. Response Summary - 26 Model boundaries (Appendix G) were updated based on the most recent Site conditions available at the time of creation (January 2019). As discussed in Section 6.2.2, as of August 2018 Duke Energy connected 191 households to the city of Belmont water supply, installed 10 water treatment systems, and abandoned three public water supply wells that served 77 households in accordance with G.S. 130A- 309.211(c1) of HB 630. Additionally, Duke Energy voluntarily connected two businesses and 23 households to the City of Belmont water supply that were otherwise not eligible per G.S. Section 130A-309.211(cl). Public water supply wells are represented in the flow and transport model. Historical pumping capacities for these and other residential wells were included the model and simulations that include historical time periods. However, three of the four public water supply wells and most of the private water supply wells have been abandoned or replaced with water supply lines from the City of Belmont in accordance with North Carolina House Bill 630. Model simulations depicting time frames after abandonment of these wells assume water is no longer being pumped from these wells. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 27 All COIs should be modeled unless rationale for why they should not be included is provided to the Department. Response Summary - 27 Transport of each COI was modeled, either in the geochemical or flow and transport model or both, as appropriate, with the exception of molybdenum. Molybdenum is not modeled in the PHREEQC portion of the geochemical model because surface Page 15 Appendix B Part 1 Corrective Action Plan Update December 2019 Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC - Allen Steam Station SynTerra complexation constants are not available within the surface complexation database. However, molybdenum is discussed in terms of general geochemical behavior and reactivity in groundwater within the Geochemical evaluation of plume(s) and Site geochemical data section of the Geochemical Modeling report. The updated Flow and Transport Model can be found in Appendix G and the updated Geochemical Model can be found in Appendix H of the CAP. DEQ-MRO Allen CSA Update Report Comment 28 The MRO would like to reiterate any direction given by Bill Deutsch (the NCDEQ Geochemical Advisor) is expected to be incorporated into the geochemical models. Response Summary - 28 Duke Energy and SynTerra consulted Bill Deutsch throughout the process when establishing guidance for the geochemical model, presented as Appendix H. 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