HomeMy WebLinkAbout19990221 Ver 1_COMPLETE FILE_19990308
CITY OF Burlington
TELEPHONE (336) 222-5050 • BOX 1358
FAX (336) 229-3120
NORTH CAROLINA 27216-1358
March 5, 1999
Mr. John Thomas
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Raleigh Regulatory Field Office
6502 Falls of Neuse Road
Suite 120
Raleigh, N.C. 27265
Subject: Water and Sewer Improvements
Glencoe Village
Dear Mr. Thomas:
aA..R - 8 199"!
JAMES M. LAURITSEN, P.E.
CITY ENGINEER
Enclosed you will find a Pre-Construction Notification Application
for a water line and sewer line project in Burlington. This
project involves the crossing of Servis Creek with a sanitary sewer
main and the crossing of the Haw River with two water lines and one
sanitary sewer force main. Temporary dredging and excavation will
occur with both of these crossings and no permanent filling will be
undertaken.
It is our understanding that this project will meet all of the
requirements for a Nationwide 12 Permit and no approval is
necessary by the Department onvsrarentaL?nd_Natural Resources.
A copy of this letter is being forwarded to Mr. John Dorney l! o
Please review this application and et uS-know-i-f- additional
information is required. Your consideration of this matter is
appreciated.
Very truly yours,
wz-'?t c ?
Robert C. Patterson Jr., P.E.
Engineer
Enclosure `
c : V Mr. John Dorney- ) Q
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, N.C. 27607 IC?y v'e5-f
Mr. James M. Lauritsen, P.E. l V
City Engineer C d? Cv//?,?
DWQ ID:
CORPS ACTION ID:
NATIONWIDE PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE NATIONWIDE PERMIT #)
PRE-CONSTRUCTION NOTIFICATION APPLICATION
FOR NATIONWIDE PERMITS THAT REQUIRE:
1) NOTIFICATION TO THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS
2) APPLICATION FOR SECTION 401 CERTIFCATION
3) COORDINATION WITH THE NC DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT
SEND THE ORIGINAL AND (1) COPY OF THIS COMPLETED FORM TO THE APPROPRIATE
FIELD OFFICE OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET). SEVEN
(7) COPIES MUST BE SENT TO THE NC DIVISION OF WATER
QUALITY, ATTN• JOHN DORNEY, 4401 REEDY CREEK ROAD,
RALEIGH. NC 27607. PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE.
1. OWNER'S NAME: City of Burlington
2. MAILING ADDRESS: Post Office Box 1358
SUBDIVISION NAME
CITY: Burlington STATE: N.C. ZIP CODE: 27216-1358
PROJECT LOCATION ADDRESS, INCLUDING SUBDIVISION NAME (IF DIFFERENT FROM
MAILING ADDRESS ABOVE): Glencoe Mill Village Off ice
Post Office Box 788, Burlington, N.C. 27216
3. TELEPHONE NUMBER: (HOME) N/A (WORK) (336) 222-5050
4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL, ADDRESS,
PHONE NUMBER:
William R. Baker
City Manager
(336) 222-5050
5. LOCATION OF WORK (PROVIDE A MAP, PREFERABLY A COPY OF USGS TOPOGRAPHIC
MAP OR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY WITH SCALE):
COUNTY: Alamance _NEAREST TOWN: Burlington
I
SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD NUMBERS, LANDMARKS, ECT.) 200 feet west
of the NC-62 bridge at the Haw River location and at the
intersection of NC-62 and. Servis Creek which is 800 feet
south of Old Glencoe Road
6. IMPACTED OR NEAREST STREAM/RIVER: Haw River and Servis Creek
RIVER BASIN: Haw River - Cape Fear
7a. IS PROJECT LOCATED NEAR WATER CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, TIDAL SALTWATER, (SA),
HIGH QUALITY WATERS (HQW), OUTSTANDING RESOURSE WATERS (ORW), WATER
SUPPLY (WS-I OR WS-II)? YES ( ) NO ( X ) IF YES, EXPLAIN:
7b. IS THE PROJECT LOCATED WITHIN A NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL
MANAGEMENT AREA OF ENVIROMENTAL CONCERN (AEC)? YES ( ) NO ( X )
7c. IF THE PROJECT IS LOCATED WITHIN A COASTAL COUNTY (SEE PAGE 7 FOR LIST OF
COASTAL COUNTIES), WHAT IS THE LAND USE PLAN (LUP) DESIGNATION?
8a. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON THIS
PROJECT? YES ( ) NO ( X) IF YES, PROVIDE ACTION I.D. NUMBER OF PREVIOUS
PERMIT AND ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (INCLUDE PHOTOCOPY OF 401
CERTIFICATION):
8b. ARE ADDITIONAL PERMIT REQUESTS EXPECTED FOR THIS PROPERTY IN THE
FUTURE? YES ( ) - NO ( X) IF YES, DESCRIBE ANTICIPATED WORK:
9a. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBERS OF ACRES IN TRACT OF LAND:
9b. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS LOCATED ON PROJECT SITE:
10a. NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT BY:
FILLING: Temporary (Dike Area Only) EXCAVATION: Temporary (Trench Area Only)
FLOODING:
OTHER:
DRAINAGE : TOTAL ACRES TO BE IMPACTED;
Haw River and Servis Creek
.2 Acres
10b. (1) STREAM CHANNEL TO BE IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT (IF
RELOCATED, PROVIDE DISTANCE BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER RELOCATION:
235 ft. Haw River and
LENGTH BEFORE: FT AFTER: 15 ft. Servi s Creek FT
WIDTH BEFORE (based on normal high water contours):
FT
AVERAGE DEPTH BEFORE: FT AFTER: 21 FT
(2) STREAM CHANNEL IMPACTS WILL RESULT FROM: (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
OPEN CHANNEL RELOCATION: PLACEMENT OF PIPE IN CHANNEL:
CHANNEL EXCAVATION: COONSTRUCTION OF A DAMIFLOODING:
OTHER: Temporary impact due to the placement of pipe under channel
11. IF CONSTRUCTION OF A POND IS PROPOSED, WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE WATERSHED
DRAINING TO THE POND? N/A WHAT IS THE EXPECTED
POND SURFACE AREA?
12. DISCTIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK INCLUDING DISCUSSION OF TYPE OF MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT TO BE USED? (ATTACH PLANS; 81/2 BY 11 DRAWINGS ONLY)
installation of 12" ductile iron water main, 4" sanitary force
main and 12" ductile iron pipe (future use) under Haw River.
Also 8" ductile iron gravity sanitary sewer under Servis Creek.
13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK
to provide water and sewer service to
the proposed Glencoe Mill Village Redevelopment/Historic _
Preservation
14. STATE REASONS WHY IT IS BELIEVED THAT THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE CARRIED OUT IN
WETLANDS (INCLUDE ANY MEASURES TAKEN TO MINIMIZE WETLAND IMPACTS)
Haw River and Servis Creek must be crossed in order to
provide potable water and sanitary sewer to the proposed
redevelopment
15. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AND/OR
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERIVE REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF ANY FEDERALY
LISTED OR PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED OR THREATENED SPECIES OR
CRITICAL HABITAT IN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED
PROJECT. DATE CONTACTED:
16. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER
(SHPO) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES IN THE PERMIT AREA
WHICH MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT. DATE CONTACTED
17. DOES THE PROJECT INVOLVE AN EXPENDITURE OF PUBLIC FUNDS OT THE USE OF
PUBLIC (STATE) LAND? YES ( X ) NO ( ) (IF NO, GO TO 16)
a. IF YES, DOES THE PROJECT REQUIRE PREPERATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL
DOCUMENT PURUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT? YES ( ) NO (A)
b. IF YES, HAS THE DOCUMENT BEEN REFIEWED THROUGH THE NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION STATE CLEARINGHOUSE YES ( ) NO ( )
IF ANSWER 17b IS YES, THEN SUBMIT APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATIONFROM THE STATE
CLEARINGHOUSE WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT.
QUESTIONS REGARDING THE STATE CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW PROCESS SHOULD BE
DIRECTED TO MS. CHRYS BAGGETT, DIRECTOR STATE CLEARINGHOUSE, NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION, 116 WEST JONES STREET, RALEIGH,
NORTH CAROLINA 27603-8003, TELEPHONE (919) 733-6369.
18. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHOULD BE INCLUDED WITH THIS APPLICATION IF PROPOSED
ACTIVITY INVOLVES THE DISCHARGE OF EXCAVATED OF FILL MATERIAL INTO
WETLANDS:
a. WETLAND DELINEATION MAP SHOWING ALL WETLANDS, STREAMS, LAKES, AND
PONDS ON THE PROPERTY (FOR NATIONWIDE PERMIT NUMBERS 14, 18, 21, 26, 29,
AND 38). ALL STREAM (INTERMITTENT AND PERMANENT) ON THE PROPERTY
MUST BE SHOWN ON THE MAP. MAP SCALES SHOULD BE 1 INCH EQUALS 50 FEET
OF 1 INCH EQUALS 100 FEET OF THEIR EQUIVALENT.
b. IF AVAILABLE, REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOGRAPH OF WETLANDS TO BE IMPACTED
BY PRODUCT.
c. IF DELINEATION WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, INCLUDE ALL DATA
SHEETS RELEVANT TO THE PLACEMENT OF THE DELINEATION LINE.
d. ATTACH A COPY OF THE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IF REQUIRED.
e. WHAT ISLAND USE OF SURROUNDING PROPOERTY? residential
f. IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL?
g. SIGNED AND DATED AGENT AUTHORIZATION LETTER, IF APPLICABLE.
NOTE: WTLANDS OR WATERS OF THE US MAY NOT BE IMPACTED PRIOR TO:
1) ISSUANCE OF A SECTION 404 CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMIT,
2) EITHER THE ISSUANCE OR WAIVER OF A 401 DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
CERTIFICATION, AND
3) (IN THE TWENTY COASTAL COUNTIES ONLY), A LETTER FROM THE NORTH
CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT STATING THE PROPOSED
ACTIVITY IS CONSISTENT WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA COASTAL
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM,
OWNER'S/AGENT'S SIGNATURE DATE
(AGENT'S SIGNATURE VALID ONLY
IF AUTHORIZATION LETTER FROM
THE OWNER IS PROVIDED).
-17
1>>?1?
,
650.. a\ ?? ?? i `\\\ so
.,%/ II? ?• 650 • q?/ 550 '?,? A?•??
II 1 I ?\ ? " \ ? ? 1
u, s . (? 6? ???.•, ??.•• 1 Q
so eview I - f '' -? 1'
650 -62
I n
00.
JoJ ems..,.
•Pa-. ` ?\. II ?? it 65Y ??-?/?, ?\.' / ? ?? 1? ? ? "
1 6u-.
63 -St Lu?
I ??7
>?j ?Iq? 'I' /?? A,? V J ham' ?V? `?A?? ooooooio?j? "`?.J/?? ?./ ??, .
`'; ?IIU"; \ 650 (\..-, ? ???i ?I?( ???'?`^ ?'1 ;ice\\ \/,.. ? ?` ?• ? \\ ? ? %I ! ???-_/
533 -?
301
'In
1640 /BURLINGTON! 641 I "SURLINGTON t. ?! MI, \\ • C?",l /, -
5 156 YYY SIN 25' 643 644 • .
SCALE 1:24000
1 MILE
- ?coo zooo -'a-Dc aooo F1000 sooo ;ooo BEET Primary hlghw
hard surface
5 I KILOMETER
Secondary hig?
CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET hard surface
DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL Interst
LAY- BVQ,I,It,?aTOr?l, IJ?- V
?°1Co°I
?.' i J e Y N -V y*
'v t ?.i?'.C'd,,`t .1`x/ J - ,,i f ,/,t 'r +rt i _;N y I • ?, i L. i ? ?4t` rtl , `' . ` ?• ?'?'>< ! :%,?' ?.
?r'f't1 i r i -1• .r +.• .. r ? r'}•..? * ?i;s ?,t,F-. ? .Fr rcey?ni5 t?>`y ,rri
• , ti:? y? .?r; -) win' rat-C, ?!,Y. -p . r u 1,, n .a w
•sb' t? _3' ? ? ? . ?y -•%" -'t v d r ? t ? ? z.?:i ::net...k._ Jf a_?r?, t .,.. •''7ic.. „? it ,
+r:?V 'A'= ..}?.?6 d ,, rb? Ar :it r .?` y` ° .!f,; T ].k a i. tY'`n• y ?t^T'?.agS.41', '?'
;h.'?..????/?'..?,n# ,?t.p f4.?r?.Fe .r7 .!}?,. '? a .. ?-?f ?:! ? ,y?.r i": b •?'r rv„ ? ? ? .fz
'rr?`?{r?a`4ti'. l'? ?•?,? ,1. - Y's*? a_"?•J +s '• ,?i?r,?7??,.>? . , y y? ?`?1.;±??' •,.A a 4 ,??. f.??;: Prt ` s?'r?k i'r A ?i '?:k R rs?lt5•?`:
,k•r??, p??'';?b? ? .B '? r1' / R-;?'..i`?+c - ? ?1 ? •.,?'?-?`?'??'i.??? t. +i j? 'k .a ri fLCti ,c Zrt sC
»` t i r .?is f f H "' ?-, Z +o .,4.y » ,1 d T r fit
• }c. +fa fO4#'!.•1. rr n7}s• .r :? ?;'?"'_Gr".? c .' z -•t t- i +?
+ly ? ? sF M?tJ- •t,3-,y- ;,z-7i,?,? ??{ .4. -r .r ??••tt???? -?G ?+.'?• L e
-r•. ! 2 -:Z t Af Y'A i' lac L r ?i r 'ter ri ??,yy.,•- `? ft?. ?'• ?y ?'•h"{ -y.
..C.cT,,y "JEr7 ? ? ?X' s 4 , \ t .? ? ? +t *.t
v7 r yP ?i ?d x? A a , ? t -?B 3J i ?,s<<:
S? ?. f
'9-?,sr•??'77-. Y .,i- F.s ,'+\t...sa -?. r . . y .'}. to _t•'..+ s' .> .•""'`?Z-'? a$ g`uC ? {?..
?c#ir' etay: `'".4':..- +`'`'-+' •;'?,_.3.* ,J••r,• f '/ •.yf> t... .M ?t c `.a=.r.?-' "?- ?.•?`?,' K - ?? !'' ?.
?y?. ,f' - .J?s s'?iytG c. .1 /.. r ? ... .+.rA r a14. /• .F,?j, y ,.?,; ?f ? '{i? arQ?
?'+?`„ •w tl "r y ??.•? i/' r ?;wr' ?t'i Jf s" - :+Vr?? :? e l ???. ? ? s?'S•• .L?,X`,$. ?y?..?,?,y?? '? -
,,? '?+e?.?*;:° :.?+':'?,?. ?°.? y .!f`?-}/? ? t yT'?? _ t r-: 'L?.lr .. ? '?8M'' ??,',4„?.+?,.'?'rP.k'i ?uX'f +K°ay,,'. ?•
?,+ ?-My?=?.? ?±;? .-?s ?ay ? ???-??•r?,. ? „t,x- . { :?•?J..?"!+` t. ?w ? t:?,f ? ? +yi'aS .n.- .
?rrcaaa??? ?" >>s.,?•• ?' 'fi rj. yrli ,? . t,. wf,?'y-y?y?.+A ?? 1.-?.",Y+/ .. ft}'?'?'
??,?? ?'4.e S z' -• ?? ?'°''?? ti,/!yi s?s,ti? a '?'.S?"? A?%?rT '?? .;?-,? a.??',''?'F;n; a
169
:•;P•rt'. r..: 'i- .`^51 ^]? q/' .:?tA 7s, l r'N ` ,.`c? j ",l.R .?
r. ?•.rt:??$ •-? ~ "A•r`jjY,? ,?p'???"• ?L *"'!t Y. ?.rr ?.;?,•• t'?ir' {?J", kifr
a- e?e+Cq;,. ?•, 5 .tom „-'•?L`,
t. ' N4w
_ S
et
t. ;
aQ?r. ?w•e_
.•fw.i.
i
tl1.
*r? ?F?'?!e'n?l;. 'F•?j? --?£".? .s'r^'i,?•:...,i• rr,'+ -.. r~'? •71?.a::?7t..f`;50T '- `e ?.
T `l 717_F{.? I 7 1 i r. Tr a t.'
7
536
X
- NI\
'rL
SSo F,P
I ?_Q ?I
? I
-- --,I
Lit I
W.E.
601
-- - - t
x
589
? S
_605 '
00
l
i
a
? Q
623
X
14
E 1874000
J?1
618
0-
'14 S
e'u5 V
6Y 6KS d F
t4 Cog s
r? ._ E' V > 2.z m E o £
Eh 4xeE o4g E U U aE
X30 ;3 E?
2 ?b-f, EE
g5 v vF ?E'?
Co ooW E E?
15
E 6 U a ??, a 5 ...E ^ C o q l ? E
?I? ? rv n K ui .o ?.
?
_ rT
0
10< a
w
W
7
0
?I
., E E ? ; T a o +
E
^ E
E
, VE
4 .E E
E c
a
2 ?r ? _
w E '? i 4 m ? ??
EQ
ao E° o
Y?? Z
? N O
N
g fr°
? o
a G v E? ` E ?}
?
E ar e
F? I
??
Y_ , Q
V w
ai ,;o
?2 ?
-K . cy
E a az
E
: -
°? ? k
? a
I
E" 2 3
Ef=o a., C- it k'
<a
E t
? E ? P 3
'
z ?
t ?
u
z
ui? E
( - 1?: - 'F ? I Y
` o> w io r n
e _ o Eu7ao ?N ?o a ?
vi3 n Es?a« L
(y
n
o
No LL?
V .. c, r• H in n n ? s ??
-- ''
''
W W W W W f?
I I I I i
v? v. cn w v, =n
0 0
r ?
a
? ON U
o z
'a 0
s p
O o o
-1 am Q;c
L < z
0 0
?) x F F wF
x W ? W r IJ
Li l
m ? rv
o
r d,
C ul
N Z
1 1 O
I C
r, o
L) O J
00 C,
Y, I a,
Q
C,
O
7
..J
F
Ili
u ', II iI
z 1?1
w w ?2 ? wQ? aa, i.
m ? Ewa
ai z ?,'e k'k' ? j . ozk'
?ao?a?'? Gaao F <i a
? a,a
mu ???yr !n?-?33vooo m e c?v?m3
00
\ ? \ ? \ N SZ 3 y 1. /
o I- 1 a'/. a r3e .c 19, /
f
01
01 s ?,
0,.M9 Kid I
\g .._?oo I
sL _ -{I
3i11 Vl #,-- %'
109 lllO I,N
cc 019 Wia I.- /r=Y 6i1o9 NI ?,PI
t-
_£ ?yyF \ \ \ ? T,. \ \ w 11yl „ _(lyh+ll Vl i ?? ; 60109 ll10 '/,N
c, I r
?I
n 2 r
r
1? r
1 _
00 0
C W
? i ?? ? i L09 Wla? \
?'? t)909 lli!1 'ry
l 4 n \
\\\ obi ? ? I 1 \1 - jI I ? ??
1 I
1 1 y?
1
i
itT° )
aii . L?
I g
?I
J
?
I' 1.
I I
I
I'
I ? II
1 ? I
y'?
I
I { 111 ! ?
I
c. I I ? jll ?'
I II tz ?? I
I,
l
fr ??? I I
l 71
EJ `
11 y
I I¢ 1 I
I<,
1 r
'
r, f1 1
I 1j ?
,, all ar
s ` ?
1 ai
U i
_. I 1
l'
jai
O I. r l
1w ? l II f"
u? 1
%? _ r!l ? ?r /? r l r
r__ If
-
?
? SJ?r
1 ?
l ???$$E
"' l l?
444
l
yy / /
1 b5 vl3 S
W ?I 1/ if /?//
I
l
1
o&
/L 909 WIN \ it 66S NI'
I E C C'Sl B, 6f I H blc `, - LC'66S I
\
\
r;, __
} _ DZ 955 WIN ` -
'
-
I/ R
iL
CL+9 Vl`,
w
- lC0-[Z, SZ
lk, 111
a
a
a
H r?
7
A
O
0
W
1?
zS
?z
?Fa
2w
?Qn
?s SIX 0
I I ,Q
I
Z
Lli m
d L'i
?' a
m a a z z <? n- r
S
o o ?? cr v.
m
m? ?n v n ? ? 3 c
? z
d ,
7 V
O
?
1
?y? s e ?a
r,
C ?
v
o
? ?
? I ?
'>
? ?
1 I
b 8
4 II ? ,
0 6 ¢ a '
I 3 #
f P
?ee+?..? •.? ?A 1. - ??I ?g? ??.
-------------
I I __
i I a T
r i
;xN
I
1?• ?L.A ?ih Ida
T
I
' ? y lw I
az I? ?px o I i d
• ?? ?? ?w E? ? ;Lg w w I ? I I
y a oa ?? n?s ?m?A {^ d I
?z w '?F ??? III
rv? w 3<
o? n? J I
n2 ?l3AIM MVH
o?
?
I
Y f I _ r? { ?. 4. ..,?
1`•.11 \I ? r'
F fi
l
I z \a '? '?
h
?
a 1{
1
@? 1
LL 1
1 '?
1
1
y 1 1
I
_
W I i?
?? I I
} I ?
I i I
? J
I W ?
u7
(p
o a o
I Q ? N z
Q Q
J
W
a
i' o
z a
5
a ro i>z ? N x
w C
oKw? ??
= p e ??
Z Z
mz
? W N
W o Z
CY: w
CJ
8?.1I'=
,
V
) z
x
t o
z
w
u> w LO In ? z w 4
&I
I
I I III,w?{
_
a 0
°
I
o rJ--_-I - -
\ ?
I
0
06
__..._..,, HV NI A0 ON3H ...
i .Ztl ZZ -
6L+9F 4
?
..z mx 3Y
\1 I. ... ON38
.z/1-zz
9b+9£
\ i
_ ?d
-
4
I
y
\
'
1
?'i i d' \ Zlz. ? I I
Oyu
? o Ir
_ a
1`
{
' arrv (zl
04+4f
( J p I Y o
a 4cs wa
AV, NJ
{
t
I
fw ?
{ I {tl ' ? f ;' a cz ? syis ;
a
-SIN S ! d-SF 13 __
Its
+e-oa
a-- ? ? en z a,
}