20061693 Ver 1_Application_20061027

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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ~ fi~e~
MICHAEL F. EASLEY LYNDOTIP~~fi
GC)b FRNOR SL'('RFTARl'
October 18, 2006
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Field Office
Post Office Box 1000
Washington, NC 27889-1000
061683
ATTENTION: Mr. William Wescott
NCDOT Coordinator
Dear Sir:
Subject: Nationwide 23 and 33 Permit Application and Tar-Pamlico Riparian Buffer
Authorization Request for the Replacement of Bridge No. 82 over Marsh
Swamp on NC 561; Halifax County; TIP Project B-3853; Federal Aid Project No.
BRSTP-561(1); State Project No.8.1301901; WBS 33000.1. I .
Please find enclosed the Preconstruction Notification (PCN), permit drawings, halt=size plans,
wetland restoration plan, and the Categorical Exclusion (CE) for the above-mentioned project.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation proposes to replace existing Bridge No. 82
over Marsh Swamp on NC 561 in Halifax County. The project involves replacement of the
existing functionally obsolete and structurally deficient bridge and approaches with a new bridge
and approaches. The new bridge will feature two 12-foot lanes with 7.5-foot offsets. The east
approach will be approximately 330 feet long and the west approach will be approximately 31 ~
feet long. The project schedule calls for an April 17, 2007 let with a review date of February 27,
2007. Proposed impacts are 0.928 acre of riverine wetland.
Impacts to Water of the United States
General Description: Marsh Swamp is located in the 03020202 CU of the Tar-Pamlico River
Basin. The Division of Water Quality (DWQ) has assigned Marsh Swamp a Stream Index
Number of 28-79-30- l . DWQ has assigned a best usage classification of C Sw NSW.
Marsh Swamp is not designated as a North Carolina Natural or Scenic River, or as a National
Wild and Scenic River, nor is it listed as a 303(d) stream. No designated Outstanding Resource
Waters (ORW), High Quality Waters (HQW), Water Supply 1 (WS-I), or Water Supply lI (WS-
(i)waters occur within 1 mile of the project study area.
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DE ~ARTMENi OF TRANSPORTATION
PRn_;E : T DE dE VOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANAL V$IS
1548 MAe. SER'•/ICE CENTER
Ra, i- ': ~ NC 27699-154$
TE~EPHoNE 919-733-3141
FAX [phone]
WFBSIrE. WWW NCDOr.ORG
LOCATION:
T RANSPORTAT'~ON BOIL DING
1 Sour"WILMINC~~NSTRE~T
RA~E~„N NC

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Permanent Impacts: Permanent impacts consist of fill in riverine wetlands. The total amount of
proposed impacts is 0.244 acre.
Temporary. Impacts: Temporary impacts consist of 0.304 acre of fill in wetlands and 0.370 acre
of hand clearing. There will be 0.069 acre of temporary surface water impacts in order to
construct the end bents.
Utility Impacts: There will be no jurisdictional impacts from utilities on this project. There is an
existing 12" water line located on the south side of the project that will be relocated by
directional bore beginning and ending in the existing roadway shoulders (high ground to high
ground) on the north side of the project. There is an existing aerial power pole line located on the
north side of the project that will remain in place.
Tar-Pamlico Buffer Rules: This project lies within the Tar-Pamlico River Basin; therefore, the
regulations pertaining to the Tar-Pamlico River Buffer Rules will apply. The improvements
associated with B-3853 will impact 8,178 square feet in zone 1 and 3,984 square feet in zone 2.
Of these impacts, 10,506 square feet are considered allowable and 1,656 are allowable with
mitigation.
Bridge Demolition
The superstructure for Bridge No. 82 is a concrete deck on timber joists and will allow removal
without dropping components into the water. Likewise, it should be possible to remove the
timber piles and timber caps without dropping them into the water. Best Management Practices
for Bridge Demolition and Removal will be implemented. Any component of the bridge dropped
into the water shall be immediately removed. NCDOT will utilize Stream Crossing Guidelines
for Anadromous Fish Passage.
Avoidance and Minimization
Avoidance examines all appropriate and practicable possibilities of averting impacts to "Waters
of the United States". Due to the presence of surface waters and wetlands within the project study
area, avoidance of all impacts is not possible. The NCDOT is committed to incorporating all
reasonable and practicable design features to avoid and minimize jurisdictional impacts.
Minimization measures were incorporated as part of the project design these included:
• NCDOT is replacing Bridge No. 82 in place.
• NCDOT is utilizing longer spans with less bents than the existing bridge.
• NCDOT is utilizing one end of an existing causeway for the on-site detour.
• NCDOT will adhere to the February 15 to June 15 in-water work moratorium for
American shad.

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Mitigation
On-site mitigation is proposed for this project for the wetland impacts. NCDOT proposes to
remove an abandoned causeway located to the south of the project. By grading to adjacent
wetland elevation, restoring hydrology, and replanting with wetland plants, NCDOT will restore
approximately 0.48 acre of riverine wetland. Please refer to the enclosed wetland restoration
plan. Compensatory mitigation is not proposed for riparian buffer impacts because the threshold
has not been exceeded, such that mitigation would be required.
Federally Protected Species
As of April 27, 2006, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists four federally protected
species for Halifax County. The following table lists these species.
Common Name Scientific Name Status Habitat Conclusion
Bald ea le Haliaeetus leucoce halus T N No Effect
Red-cockaded wood ecker Picoides borealis E N No Effect
Dwarf wed a mussel Alasmidonta heterodon E N No Effect
Tar Rivers in ussel Elli do steinstansana E N No Effect
u, - enctangerect; t -threatened
Regulatory Approvals
Section 404 Permit: This project is being processed by the Federal Highway Administration as a
"Categorical Exclusion" in accordance with 23 CFR 771.115(b). Therefore, we do not anticipate
requesting an individual permit but propose to proceed under Nationwide 23 and 33 as
authorized by a Nationwide Permit 23 and Nationwide Permit 33 (67 FR 2020; January 15,
2002).
Section 401 Permit: We anticipate 401 General Certification numbers 3403 and 3366 will apply
to this project. In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H, Section .0500(a) we are providing five copies
of this application to the North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources,
Division of Water Quality, for their review.
Tar-Pamlico River Basin Buffer Authorization: NCDOT requests that the NC Division of Water
Quality review this application and issue a written approval for aTar-Pamlico River Riparian
Buffer Authorization.
A copy of this permit application will be posted on the NCDOT website at:
http://www.ncdot.or /g doh/preconstruct/Ue/neu/permit html.
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If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Chris Underwood at
[phone].
Sincerely,
.~
~" Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D., Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
W/attachment:
Mr. John Hennessy, NCDWQ (5 Copies)
Mr. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Mr. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Ron Sechler, NMFS
Mr. Michael Street, NCDMF
Dr. David Chang, P.E., Hydraulics
Mr. Greg Perfetti, P.E., Structure Design
Mr. Mark Staley, Roadside Environmental
Mr. Richard E. Greene, P.E., Division 4 Engineer
Mr. Jamie Guerrero, Division 4 Environmental Officer
W/o attachment
Mr. Scott McLendon, USACE, Wilmington
Mr. Jay Bennett, P.E., Roadway Design
Mr. Majed Alghandour, P. E., Programming and TIP
Mr. Art McMillan, P.E., Highway Design
Mr. Mark Pierce, P.E., PDEA
4

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Office Use Only: Fonn Version March OS
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No. L U U ~ ~I 6 9 3
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not App4icable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
l . Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ® Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
^ Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ^ Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: NW 23 & 33
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North. Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here: ^
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: Gregory J. Thorpe, Ph.D. Environmental Management Director
Mailing Address: 1598 Mail Service Center
Telephone Number:_(919) 733-3141 Fax Number: [phone]
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name:
Company Affiliation:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number: Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
Page 1 of 8

III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be. submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Replacement of Bride No. 82 on NC 561 over Marsh Swamn
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): B-3853
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): N/A
4. Location
County: Halifax Nearest Town: Halifax
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): N/A
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.): Take I-95 north to NC
561 follow NC 561 to the project
5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): 36° 18' 07" °N 77° 39' 38" °W
6. Property size (acres): N/A
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: Fishing Creek
8. River Basin: Tar-Pamlico
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Forest
10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: Replacing
a structurally deficient bridse using top-down construction Standard road building
eQuroment will be used.
Page 2 of 8

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11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work:- To replace a structurallYdeficient bridge.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.LP. project, along with
construction schedules. N/A
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
Vl. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed irrtpacts: 0.918 acre of wetland im ap cts•
2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and flooding.
Page 3 of 8

Wetland Impact Type of Wetland Located within Distance to Area of
Site Number Type of Impact (e.g., forested, marsh, 100-year Nearest Impact
(indicate on map) herbaceous, bog, etc.) Floodplain Stream (acres)
( es/no (linear feet
Bridge Fill Riverine Yes 0 0.244
Bridge Hand clearing Riverine Yes 0 0.370
Bridge Temporary fill Riverine Yes 0 0.304
Total Wetland Impact (acres) 0.918
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: >1
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included. To calculate acreage_ mnltinly 1Pnoth X w;~Ith the„ rl;v;~Ie h~, d'~ Sin
Stream Impact Perennial or Average Impact Area of
Number Stream Name Type of Impact
Intermittent? Stream Width Length Impact
indicate on ma
( )
Before Im act
(linear feet) )
(acres
Bridge Marsh Swamp Temporary P 75 ft 0.069

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 0.069
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but 'are not limited to
fill excavati~n_ drerl¢inu flnnrl;na rlra;naQe h~,l><hea~l~ Pty
Open Water Impact
Site Number

indicate on ma
Name of Waterbody
(if applicable)
T e of Im act
~ P Type of Waterbody

(lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay,
ocean, etc. Area of

Impact
acres

Total Open Water Impact (acres)
6. List the cumulative imnact m all Waters of the T i c rec„lt;r,a fi-n,,, tha r~rnir~rt•
Stream Im act (acres): 0.069
Wetland Im act (acres): 0.918
O en Water Im act (acres):
Total Im act to Waters of the U.S. (acres) 0.987
Total Stream Im act (linear feet):
Page 4 of 8

7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ^ Yes ®No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USAGE.
N/A
8. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): N/A
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.): N/A
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond: N/A
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts. Top-down construction,
bride was lengthened, and minimum widths were used for structures and approaches.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USAGE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
Page 5 of 8

aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USAGE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/stun uide.hhnl.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
The lenQthenin~of the bride and causeway removal will restore hydrology. NCDOT is
proposing to remove an abandoned causeway restoring 0.48 acre of wetland. Please refer to
the enclosed mitigation elan.
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet): N/A
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet): N/A
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres): N/A
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes ® No ^
2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether aNEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ® No ^
Page 6 of 8

3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes ® No ^
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Neuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ® No ^
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multi tiers.
Zone* Impact Multiplier Required ~/
(s ware feet), Miti ation ~ ~
1 `~ % 3 (2 for Catawba) ~~"
2 950 1.5 lFN
Total 165
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
3. If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e.,
Donation of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, or Payment into the
Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as identified
within 1 SA NCAC 2B .0242 or .0244, or .0260.
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level.Impervious acreage will not appreciably increase
as a result of the bridge construction.
Page 7 of 8

Xll. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
No wastewater will be generated from the implementation of the proposed project
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application? Yes ^ No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ^ No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
http:!/h2o.enr.statc.nc.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
£.
~~'d~o
Applicant/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 8 of 8

Marsh Swamp Wetland Restoration Plan
At Bridge No. 82
on NC 561
Halifax County
TIP B-3853
Federal Aid Project No. BRSTP-561(1)
July 6, 2006
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) will perform on-site
mitigation for riverine swamp wetland impacts at the NC 561 overpass of the UT to
Marsh Swamp. This mitigation site occurs within Transportation Improvement Program
(TIP) B-3853. The project begins approximately 350 feet west of Bridge No. 82 and
continues approximately 350 feet to the east of the bridge. NCDOT will restore
approximately 0.48 acres of riverine swamp wetland as onsite mitigation for B-3853. The
roadway project will impact 0.244 acres of unavoidable wetlands, leaving approximately
0.24 acres of wetland restoration assets on-site.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
The project is located in Halifax County about 10 miles south of Roanoke Rapids. The
project study area land use is mixed age hardwood forests with a major portion in
wetlands.
The Natural Resource Technical Document for TIP B-3853, dated November 2001,
provides further details concerning existing roadway and project study area conditions.
The existing causeway for the approaches to Bridge No. 82 is located in the floodplain of
the UT to Marsh Swamp. The floodplain wetland consists mainly of a riverine swamp
forest dominated by canopy species of swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii),
cherrybark oak (Quercus pagodifolia), willow oak (Quercus phellos), black gum (Nyssa
sylvatica), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and red maple (Ater rubrum). The
wetland runs generally along the toe of slope of the existing causeway. An abandoned
causeway runs parallel to the existing causeway within the wetland community also. A
short road crosses the wetland community, connecting the existing causeway to the
abandoned causeway.
PROPOSED CONDITIONS
DESIGN
The proposed wetland mitigation will consist of restoring 0.48 acres of riverine swamp
wetland. The abandoned causeway and connecting road will be graded to wetland
elevation. Target elevations will be based on elevations taken in the swamp wetland areas
adjacent to the proposed restoration areas. All excavated areas shall be ripped and disked
prior to planting of the site if necessary.

The Natural Environment Unit shall be contacted to provide construction oversight to
ensure that the wetland mitigation area is constructed appropriately.
VEGETATION PLANTING
The restoration site will be planted following the successful completion of the site
grading. The site will be planted at a density of 680 trees/acre on 8 foot centers with the
following species if available: swamp chestnut oak, cherrybark oak, willow oak and black
gum.
MONITORING:
Upon successful completion of construction, the following monitoring strategy is
proposed for the mitigation site. NCDOT will document monitoring activities on the site
in an annual report distributed to the regulatory agencies.
HYDROLOGIC MONITORING
No specific hydrological monitoring is proposed for this restoration site. The target
elevation will be based on the adjacent wetland and verified during construction.
Constructing the site at the adjacent wetland elevation will ensure the hydrology in the
restored area is similar to the hydrology in the reference area.
VEGETATION SUCCESS CRITERIA
NCDOT shall monitor the restoration site by visual observation and photo points for
survival and density of vegetation. NCDOT shall monitor the site for a minimum of three
years or until the site is deemed successful. Monitoring will be initiated upon completion
of the site planting.

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R
. Halifax County
NC 561
Bridge No. 82 over Marsh Swamp
Federal Aid Project No. BRSTP-561(1)
State Project 8.1301901
TIP Project No. B-3853
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
US DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
AND
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
APPROVED:
DATE Gregory J. Thorp h.D.
Environmental Management Director
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
NCDOT
Ili -ZS-~z
DATE
.2 icholas L. Graf, P.E
Division Administrator, FHWA

Halifax County
NC 561
Bridge No. 82 over Marsh Swamp
Federal Aid Project No. BRSTP-561(1)
State Project 8.1301901
TIP Project No. B-3853
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION
October 2002
Document Prepared by
A H T H `] T E C X
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Edward B. McFalls, P.E. s ~ F C~~~~ °v ;
Project Manager ®~ ~GIN~E.a~ Pte,,.,
Earth Tech ~''6~~®® N~c~;~~~~
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for the North Carolina Department of Transportation
Brian F. Yama oto, Unit Head
Consultant Engineering Unit =_
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
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Consultant Engineering Unit
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
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``~°~~~~° ~J 1R0 NtijF '''%''~~,
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SPECIAL PROJECT COMMITMENTS
Halifax County
NC 561
Bridge No. 82 over Marsh Swamp
Federal Aid Project No. BRSTP-561(1)
State Project 8.1301901
TIP Project No. B-3853
In addition to the standard Nationwide Permit No. 23 Conditions, the General
Nationwide Permit Conditions, Section 404 Only Conditions, Regional
Conditions, State Consistency Conditions, NCDOT's Guidelines for Best
Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and Removal, NCDOT's Guidelines
for Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, General
Certification Conditions, and Section 401 Conditions of Certification, the following
special commitments have been agreed to by NCDOT:
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch and Hydraulics
Unit:
The stream impacts associated with the project will likely be lower than the
150 linear-foot (45.7 m) threshold. If it becomes apparent during final
design that more than 150 linear feet (45.7 m) of stream will be impacted,
mitigation measures will be considered.
Highway Design Branch and Division 5:
In-stream work associated with the bridge replacement project will be
scheduled to avoid the spawning season, February 15 to June 15, for
American Shad.

Halifax County
NC 561
Bridge No. 82 over Marsh Swamp
Federal Aid Project No. BRSTP-561(1)
State Project 8.1301901
TIP Project No. B-3853
INTRODUCTION: The replacement o
2008 North Carolina Department of
Improvement Program (TIP) and i
Program. The location is -shown in
impacts are anticipated. The project
Exclusion".
f Bridge No. 82 is included in the 2002-
Transportation (NCDOT) Transportation
n the Federal-Aid Bridge Replacement
Figure 1. No substantial environmental
is classified as a federal "Categorical
I. PURPOSE AND NEED
NCDOT Bridge Maintenance Unit records indicate the bridge has a sufficiency
rating of 7.0 out of a possible 100 for a new structure. The bridge, is considered
functionally obsolete and structurally deficient. The replacement of this
inadequate structure will result in safer and more efficient traffic operations.
11. EXISTING CONDITIONS
NC 561 in Halifax County is classified as "Rural Minor Arterial" in the Statewide
Functional Classification System.
Through the project area, NC 561 has 26-foot (7.9 m) wide pavement and 3-foot
(0.9 m) unstabilized shoulders. The horizontal and vertical alignments in the
vicinity of the bridge are good. Existing right-of-way is 100 feet (30 m). There is
no speed limit posted on NC 561 near the bridge, therefore the statutory speed
limit of 55 miles per hour (88 kilometers per hour) applies.
The existing bridge was constructed in 1935. The superstructure consists of
reinforced concrete floor on timber joists. The substructure consists of timber
caps and timber piles with steel crutch bents added to a bent. The abutments are
vertical. The existing bridge consists of four spans between 17 and 19 feet (5.2
and 5.8 m) in length. The clear roadway width is 22 feet (6.7 m). The crown of
the roadway is situated 15 feet (4.6 m) over the bed of an unnamed tributary of
Marsh Swamp. There is no posted weight limit, but the most recent Bridge
Inspection Report recommends 20 tons for single vehicles and 27 tons for trucks
with trailers. The bridge is located in a tangent section of NC 561. Photographs of
the approaches to the existing bridge are shown in Figure 4.
October 2002 Page 1

The average daily traffic volume on NC 561 at Bridge No. 82 was 1,400 vehicles
per day in 2002. By the design year 2025, the average daily traffic volume is
expected to increase to 2,500 vehicles per day. The projected traffic volume
includes four percent dual-tired vehicles and four percent truck-tractor semi-
trailers. No school bus routes cross the bridge. NC 561 is not a designated
bicycle route.
Three accidents were reported at the bridge between June 01, 1998 and May 31,
2001:
1. "Ran off Road Right" involving one vehicle. It occurred at night under dry
road conditions. A bridge rail end was struck. The estimated speed was
65 mph. Alcohol, impairment suspected.
2. "Parked Motor Vehicle" involving two vehicles. It occurred at night under
dry road conditions. Vehicle 1 was parked in a travel lane when Vehicle 2
struck it.
3. "Ran off Road Right" involving one vehicle. It occurred in daylight under
dry road conditions. A bridge rail end was struck. The estimated speed
was 55 mph.
Aerial utility lines are located along the north side of NC 561.
III. ALTERNATIVES
A. Project Description
The project replaces Bridge Number 82, which crosses an unnamed tributary of
Marsh Swamp. The bridge will have two 12-foot (3.6 m) lanes with 3-foot (0.9 m)
shoulders. The approaches will have 12-foot (3.6 m) lanes with 8-foot (2.4 m)
unpaved shoulders. Figure 3 shows the typical cross-sections of the roadway
approaches and bridge. The proposed design speed is 60 mph.
B. Detailed Study Alternatives
Two alternatives were carried ~ forward for detailed study in this Categorical
Exclusion. Figure 2 shows sketches of all the alternatives listed below.
Alternative 1. This alternative replaces the bridge on its existing
horizontal alignment., while using an on-site detour to the southeast of the
existing bridge to maintain traffic during construction.
Alternative 3. This alternative replaces the bridge on its existing
horizontal alignment, .while using an off-site detour to maintain traffic
during construction. There are several off-site detour alternatives, with the
shorter routes being approximately 13 miles in length.
October 2002
Page 2

C. Alternatives Eliminated from Further Study
No Action. This alternative consists of short-term minor reconstruction and
maintenance activities that are part of an ongoing plan for continuing operation of
the existing bridge and roadway system in the project area. Many of the
structural elements are decaying or corroding. Decay and corrosion has already
reduced the bridge's safe load-bearing capacity. Although further maintenance
activities will slow the decay, closing the bridge will eventually be necessary.
Alternative 2. This alternative replaces the bridge on its existing horizontal
alignment, while using an on-site detour to the northwest of the existing bridge to
maintain traffic during construction. Alternative 2 was considered early in the
process, but eliminated from further study because the on-site temporary detour
for Alternative 1 has fewer wetland impacts than the detour for Alternative 2. All
other aspects of the two alternatives were equal.
D. Preferred Alternative
Alternative 1, replacing the existing bridge on the existing alignment while using
an on-site detour southeast of the existing bridge to maintain traffic during
construction, is the preferred alternative. Alternative 3 is not desirable because
of the magnitude of community and commuter disruption caused by using an off-
site detour during construction. Alternative 1 has greater impacts to the natural
environment, but it has fewer impacts to the human environment.
IV. ESTIMATED COSTS
Construction and right-of-way cost estimates for the alternatives studied are
presented below in Table 1.
Table 1: Estimated Costs

Alternative 1 Alternative 3
Structure Removal $14,200 $14,200
Structure $360,000 $360,000
Roadwa A roaches $232,825 $232,825
Detour Structure & A roaches $340,925 N/A
Miscellaneous and Mobilization $427,050 $272,975
En ineerin and Contin encies $200,000 $120,000
Ri ht-of-wa /Utilities/Relocations $43,500 $43,500
Total Cost of Alternative $1,618,500 $1,043,500
The estimated cost of the project, as shown in the 2002-2008 Transportation
Improvement Program, is $608,000 including $45,000 for right-of-way and
$450,000 for construction. Right-of-way acquisition is scheduled for Federal
Fiscal Year 2003, with construction to follow in Federal Fiscal Year 2004.
October 2002 Page 3

There are no residential or business relocations on the proposed project.
V. NATURAL RESOURCES
A. Methodology
Published information and resources were collected prior to the field
investigation. Information sources used to prepare this report include the
following:
• United States Geological Survey (USGS) quadrangle map (Darlington,
1974)
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands
Inventory (NWI) Map (Darlington, 3-1982)
• NCDOT aerial photograph of project area (1:1200)
• Draft maps and descriptions of the soils in the project area (Halifax Soil
Survey Office, Natural Resources Conservation Service [NRCS])
• North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(NCDENR) basin-wide assessment information (NCDENR, 1996)
• USFWS list of protected and candidate species.
• North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NHP) files of rare species and
unique habitats
Water resource information was obtained from publications posted on the World
Wide Web by NCDENR Division of Water Quality. Information concerning the
occurrence of federally protected species in the study area was obtained from
the USFWS list of protected and candidate species (March 2002), posted on the
World Wide Web by the Ecological Services branch of the USFWS office in North
Carolina. Information concerning species under state protection was obtained
from the NHP database of rare species and unique habitats. NHP files were
reviewed for documented sightings of species on state or federal lists and
locations of significant natural areas.
A general field survey was conducted along the proposed project route by Earth
Tech biologists on November 1, 2000. Water resources were identified and their
physical characteristics were recorded. For the purposes of this study, a brief
habitat assessment was performed within the project area of the unnamed
tributary (UT) to Marsh Swamp. Plant communities and their associated wildlife
were identified using a variety of observation techniques, including active
searching, visual observations, and identifying characteristic signs of wildlife
(sounds, tracks, scats, and burrows). Terrestrial community classifications
generally follow Schafale and Weakley (1990) where appropriate and plant
taxonomy follows Radford et al. (1968). Vertebrate taxonomy follows Potter et al.
(1980), Martof et al. (1980), and Webster'et al. (1985). Vegetative communities
October 2002 Page 4

were mapped using aerial photography of the project site. Predictions regarding
wildlife community composition, involved general qualitative habitat assessment
based on existing vegetative communities.
Jurisdictional wetlands were delineated and evaluated based on criteria
established in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual
(USAGE, 1987). Wetlands were classified based on Cowardin et al. (1979).
B. Physiography and Soils
The project area lies in the northeastern portion of North Carolina within the
middle coastal plain physiographic province. Elevations in the project area are
approximately 100 feet (30 m) above mean sea level (National Geodetic Vertical
Datum, 1929). The topography of the project vicinity is moderately dissected,
broad and gently undulating upland with wide meandering floodplains.
The proposed project is in a rural area in Halifax County approximately
10.3 miles (16.6 km) south of Roanoke Rapids, NC. Halifax County's major
economic resources are retail sales and manufacturing. The population of Halifax
County in 1999 was 54,752 (North Carolina Office of State Budget, Planning and
Management 1999).
Information about soils in the project area was taken from draft maps and
descriptions provided by the Halifax County Soil Survey Office. The provisional
map units in the project area are Chastain-Bibb Soils and Gritney fine sandy
loam.
• Chastain and Bibb soil (CbA), 0 to 1 % slopes, frequently flooded, is
mapped on both sides of UT to Marsh Swamp. These soils are mapped as
a complex and not separated at this level of mapping. These soils occur
on level to nearly level floodplains of streams and rivers. They are
considered hydric soil due to frequent flooding, are very deep, poorly
drained and are moderately permeable. Bibb soils formed in stratified
loamy and sandy alluvium on the coastal plain. The water table is from 8
inches (20.3 centimeters [cm]) to the surface most of the year. Chastain
soils formed in clayey fluvial sediments. The water table is from surface to
1 foot (30.5 cm) for 7 months of the year.
• Gritney fine sandy loam (GtC), 6 to 10% slopes, is mapped on the
southeast side of the project area. These soils are deep, well to
excessively drained. They occur on uplands in the coastal plain. The
seasonal high water table is 1.5 to 3 feet (0.5-1 m). These soils are never
flooded.
Site index is a measure of soil quality and productivity. The index is the average .
height, in feet, that dominant and co-dominant trees of a given species attain in a
October 2002 Page 5

specified number of years (typically 50). The site index applies to fully-stocked,
even-aged, unmanaged stands. The soils in the project area have the following
site indices:
• The Bibb soils have a site index of 100 for loblolly pine (Pious taeda), 90
for sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and 90 for water oak (Quercus
nigra).
• The Chastain soils have a site index of 90 for sweetgum.
• The Gritney soils have a site index of 80 for loblolly pine.
C. Water Resources
This section contains information concerning water resources likely to be
impacted by the proposed project. Water resources assessments include the
physical characteristics likely to be impacted by.the proposed project (determined
by field survey), best usage classifications, and water quality aspects of the water
resources. Probable impacts to surface waters are also discussed, as well as
means to minimize impacts.
1. Waters Impacted
The project is located in the Tar River basin (TAR04 sub-basin) on an unnamed
tributary to Marsh Swamp (UT to Marsh Swamp). UT to Marsh Swamp originates
about 0.8 miles (1.3 km) to the northeast of the project area and flows into Marsh
Swamp south of the project site. Marsh Swamp is a broad, frequently flooded,
nearly level, expanse with numerous poorly defined channels, shallow water and
low hummocks. The channel for UT to Marsh Swamp north of the project is
poorly defined until it nears the bridge. From the project area, UT to Marsh
Swamp is in a defined channel that meanders in a southerly direction about
0.1 miles (0.16 km) to its confluence with Marsh Swamp. Marsh Swamp
originates about 9.5 miles (15.2 km) northwest of the project area. From the
project area, Marsh Swamp meanders in a southeasterly direction about
7.2 miles (11.6 km) to its confluence with Beech Swamp.
The channel under Bridge No. 82 at UT to Marsh Swamp is approximately
25 feet (7.6 m) wide in the study area. To the northwest of Bridge No. 82, the
channel is poorly defined and becomes 40 feet (12.2 m) wide as it enters a
swamp forest. There is a drainage ditch along NC 561 on the northeast side that
is 3 to 5 feet (0.91 to 1.52 m) wide and holds 1 to 3 feet (0.3 to 0.6 m) of water.
On the southeast side of Bridge No. 82 the channel splits, the main channel
flowing south toward the channel of Marsh Swamp. A side channel runs easterly
around an old bridge piling, then turns south to rejoin UT to Marsh Swamp. The
stream has a sluggish flow. The substrate of UT to Marsh Swamp at this point
consists of fine sand, silt and organic debris. The water was dark with tannins
and organic matter the day of the site visit. Water depth ranged from about 3 feet
(0.9 m) to 4 feet (1.2 m). The water level is near the top of the poorly defined
October 2002 Page 6

banks. Outside the main channel are shallow pools. Evidence of sediment and
wrack lines indicate the stream banks overflow regularly.
The creek is about 90 percent shaded by trees behind the bank tops with black
gum (Nyssa sylvatica), red maple (Acer rubrum), and oaks (Quercus sp.). To the
east and north of NC 561 is a small private pond. This pond drains into the
swamp north of the site.
2. Water Resource Characteristics
Surface waters in North Carolina are assigned a classification by the DWQ that is
designed to maintain, protect, and enhance water quality within the state. UT to
Marsh Swamp has not been classified. The nearby Marsh Swamp [Index # 28-
79-30-1] is classified as a Class C Sw NSW water body (NCDENR, 2000). Class
C water resources are waters protected for aquatic life propagation and survival,
fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture. Secondary recreation
includes wading, boating, and other uses involving human body contact with
water where such activities take place in an infrequent, unorganized, or incidental
manner. There are no restrictions on watershed development activities. The
supplemental Sw classification indicates swamp waters. Swamp waters have
normal seasonal interruptions of flow that limit faunal diversity. The designation
of NSW indicates these waters are nutrient sensitive waters. The supplemental
classification NSW is intended , for ~ waters needing additional nutrient
management because of excessive growth of microscopic or macroscopic
vegetation. In general, management strategies for point and non-point source
pollution control require no increase in nutrients over background levels.
No waters classified as High Quality Water (HQW), Water Supplies (WS-I or
WS-II) or Outstanding Resource Waters (ORW) occur with 1 mile (1.6 km) of the
project study area.
The project area is in a largely undeveloped watershed. To the east and south of
the project area are clear-cuts. No other disturbances to the landscape were
observed in the immediate vicinity, and the area is largely unsuitable for most
agricultural, residential, or industrial uses. Potential threats to stream quality in
this area are agriculture and forestry operations that would result in increased
soil erosion.
Basin-wide water quality assessments are conducted by the Environmental
Sciences Branch, Water Quality Section of the DWQ. The program has
established monitoring stations for sampling selected benthic
macroinvertebrates, which are known to have varying levels of tolerance to water
pollution. An index of water quality can be derived from the number of taxa
present and the ratio of tolerant to intolerant taxa. Streams can then be given a
bioclassification ranging from Poor to Excellen#. There are no monitoring stations
on the UT to Marsh Swamp or Marsh Swamp.
October 2002 Page 7

Point source discharges in North Carolina are permitted through the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program administered by the
DWQ. Municipal, industrial, and other facilities that discharge directly into surface
waters must permitted. Homes that use a municipal wastewater system or a
septic system, and do not discharge to surface waters do not require a permit
under the program. There are no permits issued to discharge in Marsh Swamp
as of February 2001 (NCDENR 2001).
3. Anticipated Impacts to Water Resources
a. Generallmpacts
Any action that affects water quality can adversely affect aquatic organisms.
Temporary impacts during the construction phases may result in long-term
impacts to the aquatic community. In general, replacing an existing structure in
the same location with an off-site detour is the preferred environmental approach.
Bridge replacement at a new location results in more severe impacts, and
physical impacts are incurred at the point of bridge replacement. An off-site
detour was excluded because the total additional driving miles would exceed 10
miles. Alternative 1 will utilize portions of an existing abandoned railroad bed for
the detour.
Project construction may result in the following impacts to surface water
resources:
• Increased sediment loading and siltation as a consequence of watershed
vegetation removal, erosion, and/or construction.
• Decreased light penetration/water clarity from increased sedimentation.
• Changes in water temperature with vegetation removal.
• Changes in the amount of available organic matter with vegetation
removal.
• Increased concentration of toxic compounds from highway runoff,
construction activities and construction equipment, and spills from
construction equipment.
• Alteration of water levels and flows as a result of interruptions and/or
additions to surface and groundwater flow from construction.
Construction impacts may not be restricted to the communities in which the
construction activity occurs, but may also affect downstream communities. Efforts
will be made to ensure that no sediment leaves the construction site. NCDOT's
Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters will be
implemented, as applicable, during the construction phase of the project to
ensure that no sediment leaves the construction site.
October 2002 Page 8

Within the project area, UT to Marsh Swamp is 25 feet (7.6 m) wide. Assuming a
study corridor of 100 feet (30.5 m) for the alternate, the construction of the new
bridge will impact 100 linear feet (30.5 m) of stream, and a total area of
2,500 square feet (232.3 sq m) of surface waters. Wetlands are present within
the project area. Alternative 1 would have permanent impacts to 0.66 acres
(0.27 ha) of the wetland community. The proposed temporary on-site detour
would have temporary impacts to 0.46 acres (0.19 ha) of the wetland
communities.
4. Impacts Related to Bridge Demolition and Removal
UT to Marsh Swamp is not known to provide habitat for aquatic species on the
federal list of threatened and endangered species. No state-listed fish or mussel
populations are known to exist in the project area. There is evidence of spawning
of anadromous fish downstream. Therefore, Case 2 applies to the proposed
replacement of Bridge No. 82 over UT to Marsh Swamp.
The superstructure consists of a reinforced concrete floor on timber joists. The
substructure consists of timber caps on timber piles. Two piers are in the water.
The maximum potential fill of demolished concrete is 129 cubic yards (98.6 cubic
meters).
D. Biotic Resources
Terrestrial and aquatic communities are included in the description of biotic
resources. Living systems described in the following sections include
communities of associated plants and animals. These descriptions refer to the
dominant flora and fauna in each community and the relationships of these biotic
components. Descriptions of the terrestrial systems are presented in the context
of plant community classifications. These classifications follow Schafale and
Weakley (1990) where possible. They are also cross-referenced to The Nature
Conservancy International Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial
Vegetation of the Southeastern United States (Weakley et al., 1998), which has
recently been adopted as the standard land cover classification by the Federal
Geographic Data Committee. Representative animal species that are likely to
occur in these habitats (based on published range distributions) are also cited.
Scientific nomenclature and common names (when applicable) are used for the
plant and animal species described. Subsequent references to the same species
are by the common name only.
1. Plant Communities
Four terrestrial communities were identified within the project area: a maintained
roadside community, a swamp forest, aclear-cut, and an abandoned field.
Dominant faunal components associated with these terrestrial areas will be
discussed in each community description. Many species are adapted to the
October 2002 Page 9

entire range of habitats found along the project alignment, but may not be
mentioned separately in each community description.
a. Maintained Roadside Community
This community covers the area along the road shoulders in the project area.
Species include plantain (Plantago sp.), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera
japonica), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon),
old field broomsedge (Andropogon sp.) and other grasses. In roadside ditches
and beneath the power line was standing water with wool grass (Scirpus
cyperinus), smart weed (Polygonum sp.), and arrow arum (Peltandra virginica).
b. Swamp Forest Community
A swamp forest community is present on both sides and to the east of the bridge.
This is a mixture of low-lying floodplain along the channel banks and swamp
forest, some of which is inundated to 12 inches (30.5 cm) or more, and is
jurisdictional wetlands. This is a forest community with a relatively closed canopy
of oaks (Quercus michauxii, Q. phellos, and Q. pagodifolia), sweetgum, and
black gum. A scattered mid-canopy consists of sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana),
silky dogwood (Corpus amomum), and red maple. Much of this community has
no herbaceous vegetation. At the time of the site visit shallow water areas were
observed adjacent to the channel. Shallow waters also exist away from the
channel but areas are less extensive.
This community is tentatively classified as the Coastal Plain Bottomland
Hardwoods (Brownwater subtype) as described by Schafale and Weakley
(1990). The TNC equivalent is I.B.2.N.d.16 Quercus (Q. michauxii, Q. pagoda, Q.
shumardii) - Liquidambarstyraciflua.Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance. Not all
of this swamp forest community is jurisdictional wetlands. An old railroad bed to
the south of NC 561 contains fill and is non-jurisdictional.
c. Clear-cut Community
This community occurs to the southeast of NC 561 and southwest of the project
site. This two to three year old clear-cut consists of stump sprouts, weeds, tall
grasses. No tree canopy exists. Much of this community is jurisdictional wetland.
Originally this community was most likely a combination of the swamp forest
community and an adjacent drier community that, over time, will succeed to a
similar community type in the future. Species present now include black gum,
black willow (Salix nigra), green ash (Fraxinus pennsy/vanica), blackberry (Rubus
sp.), tall grass (Erianthus sp.), dog fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), sedges, and
rushes. Not all of this clearcut community is jurisdictional wetlands. An old
roadbed to the south of NC561 contains old fill and is nonjurisdictional.
October 2002 Page 10

d. Abandoned Field Community
This community occurs to the northeast of UT to Marsh Swamp on the north side
of NC 561. Canopy species include loblolly pine, sweetgum, winged elm (Ulmus
alata), willow oak (Quercus phellos), rushes and broomsedge. This community
represents an early successional old field community.
2. Wildlife Communities
a. Maintained Roadside Community
The animal species present in these disturbed habitats are opportunistic and
capable of surviving on a variety of resources, ranging from vegetation to both
living and dead faunal components. Northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos),
starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and American robin (Turdus migratorius) are common
birds that use these habitats. The area may also be used by the Virginia
opossum (Didelphis virginiana), various species of mice (Peromyscus sp.),
striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), American toad (Bufo americanus), and eastern
garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis).
b. Swamp Forest Community
Birds that utilize this community are prothonotary warbler (Profonotaria citrea),
redbellied woodpecker (Me/anerpes carolinus), blue-gray gnatcatcher (Polioptila
caeru/ea), and yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus). Other inhabitants
may include black bear (Ursus americanus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus
virginianus), green frog (Rana clamitans melanota), many-lined salamander
(Stereochilus marginatus), southern two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata),
northern water snake (Natrix sipedon), and eastern cottonmouth (Agkistrodon
piscivorus).
c. Clearcut Community
The Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), tufted titmouse (Parus bicolor),
Carolina chickadee (Parus carolinensis), prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor), and
yellow-rumped warbler (Dendroica coronata), forage and nest in this habitat type.
Other inhabitants may include striped skunk, eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus
floridanus), eastern harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys humulis), white-tailed deer,
green anole (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis), eastern diamondback rattlesnake
(Crotalus adamanteus), northem black racer (Coluber constrictor), and eastern
cottonmouth.
d. Abandoned Field Community
Wildlife in this community can be expected to be similar to the clear-cut
community.
October 2002 Page 11

3. Aquatic Communities
Within the project area, UT to Marsh Swamp is aloes-gradient, first-order stream.
The substrate of UT to Marsh Swamp at this point consists of fine sand, silt and
organic debris. The day of the site visit the water was dark with tannins and
organic matter. The riparian community is deciduous trees and mixed evergreen-
deciduous shrubs.
According to a communication from Wayne Jones, District 3 Fisheries Biologist,
no important spawning grounds or populations of state listed fish or mussel
species are known to exist in UT to Marsh Swamp. According to the Division of
Marine Fisheries, past evidence of spawning of anadromous fish (American
shad) has been found in Fishing Creek below Marsh Swamp. It is quite possible
that anadromous fish may utilize Marsh Swamp and' UT to Marsh Swamp as well.
As long as the bridge is replaced with a bridge and not a culvert, fish migration
should not be significantly impacted. In-stream work associated with the bridge
replacement project will be scheduled to avoid the spawning season, February
15 to June 15, for American Shad.
4. Anticipated Impacts to Biotic Communities
Project construction will have various impacts to the previously described terres-
trial and aquatic communities. Any construction activities in or near these
resources have the potential to impact biological functions. This section quanti-
fies and qualifies potential impacts to the natural communities within the project
area in terms of the area impacted and the plants and animals affected. Tempo-
rary and permanent impacts are considered here along with recommendations to
minimize or eliminate impacts.
a. Terrestrial Communities
Terrestrial communities in the project area will be impacted permanently by
project construction from clearing and paving. Estimated impacts are based on
the length of the alternate and the entire study corridor width. Alternative 1 is
100 feet (30.5 m) wide and 650 feet (198 m) long. Detour 1 is 75 feet (22.9 m)
wide and 1332 feet (406• m) long. Table 2 describes the potential impacts to
terrestrial communities by habitat type. Because impacts are based on the entire
study corridor width, the actual loss of habitat will likely be less than the estimate.
October 2002 Page 12

Table 2: Estimated Area of Impacts to Terrestrial Communities
Area of Impact in Acres (Hectares
Alternative 1 and 3 Alternative 1 Detour
Communit Permanent Temporary
Maintained Roadside 0.28 0.11 0.31 0.13
Swam Forest 0.73 0.30 1.14 0.46
Clear-cut 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.14
otal Im act 1.01 0.41) 1.81 0.73
Destruction of natural communities along the project alignment will result in the
loss of foraging and breeding habitats for the various animal species that utilize
the area. Animal species will be displaced into surrounding communities. Adult
birds, mammals, and some reptiles are mobile enough to avoid mortality during
construction. Young animals and less mobile species, such as amphibians, may
suffer direct loss during construction. The plants and animals that are found in
the upland communities are generally common throughout the upper coastal
plain of North Carolina.
Impacts to terrestrial communities, particularly in locations having steep to
moderate slopes, can result in the aquatic community receiving heavy sediment
loads as a consequence of erosion. Construction impacts may not be restricted
to the communities in which the construction activity occurs, but may also affect
downstream communities. Efforts should be made to ensure that no sediment
leaves the construction site.
b. Wetland Communities
Jurisdictional wetlands occur within the project area and will be impacted by
project construction. Alternatives 1 and 3 would have permanent impacts to
0.66 acres (0.27 ha) of the wetland community. Alternative 1 Detour would have
temporary impacts to 0.46 acres (0.19 ha) of the wetland communities. These
impacts cannot be avoided since traffic must be maintained on-site. Minimization
efforts must be practiced throughout the design process.
c. Aquatic Communities
Impacts to aquatic communities include fluctuations in water temperatures as a
result of the loss of riparian vegetation. Shelter and food resources, both in the
aquatic and terrestrial portions of these organisms' life cycles, will be affected by
losses in the terrestrial communities. The loss of aquatic plants and animals will
affect terrestrial fauna which rely on them as a food source.
Temporary and permanent impacts to aquatic organisms may result from
increased sedimentation. Aquatic invertebrates may drift downstream during
construction and recolonize the disturbed area once it has been stabilized.
Sediments have the potential to affect fish and other aquatic life in several ways,
including the clogging and abrading of gills and other respiratory surfaces,
October 2002 Page 13

affecting the habitat by scouring and filling of pools and riffles, altering water
chemistry, and smothering different life stages. Increased sedimentation may
cause decreased light penetration through an increase in turbidity.
Wet concrete should not come into contact with surface water during bridge
construction. Potential adverse effects ~ can be minimized through the
implementation of NCDOT Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface
Waters. Erosion control methods wi{I be implemented as included in NCDOT's
Best Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters and Erosion and
Sediment Control Guidelines.
E. Special Topics
This section provides inventories and impact analyses for two federal and state
regulatory issues: "Waters of the United States" and rare and protected species.
1. "Waters of the United States": Jurisdictional Issues
Wetlands and surface waters fall under the broad category of "Waters of the
United States" as defined in 33 CFR § 328.3 and in accordance with provisions
of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344). These waters are
regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE). Any action that
proposes to dredge or place fill material into surface waters or wetlands falls
under these provisions.
Jurisdictional wetlands occur within the project area and will be impacted by
project construction. Wetlands are present on both sides of UT to Marsh Swamp
and along the entire study corridor. UT to Marsh Swamp meets the definition of
surface waters, and is therefore classified as Waters of the United States. The
channel ranges from 20-25 feet (6.1-7.6 m) wide within the project area.
Project construction cannot be accomplished without infringing on Waters of the
US. Anticipated Water of the US impacts fall under the jurisdiction of the USAGE
and the DWQ. Within the project area, UT to Marsh Swamp is 25 feet (7.6 m)
wide. Assuming a study corridor of 100 feet (30.5 m) for the alternative, the
construction of the new bridge will impact 100 linear feet (30.5 m) of stream, and
a total area of 2,500 sq feet (232.3 sq m) of surface waters. Wetlands are
present within the project area. Alternative 1 would have permanent impacts to
0.66 acres (0.27 ha) of the wetland community. Detour 1 would have temporary
impacts to 0.46 acres (0.19 ha) of the wetland communities. These impacts
cannot be avoided since traffic must be maintained on-site. Minimization efforts
must be practiced throughout the design process.
October 2002 Page 14

2. Permits
Impacts to jurisdictional surface waters are anticipated from the proposed project.
Permits and certifications from various state and federal agencies may be
required prior to construction activities.
a. Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
Construction is likely to be authorized by Nationwide Permit (NWP) No. 23, as
promulgated under 61 FR 65874, 65916; December 13, 1996. This permit
authorizes activities undertaken, assisted, authorized, regulated, funded, or
financed in whole or in part, by another Federal agency or department where that
agency or department has determined that, pursuant to the Council on
Environmental Quality Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Provisions of
the National Environmental Policy Act:
The activity, work, or discharge is categorically excluded from
environmental documentation because it is included within a category of
actions which neither individually nor cumulatively have a significant effect
on the human environment; and
The Office of the Chief Engineer has been furnished notice of the
agency's or department's application for the categorical exclusion and
concurs with that determination.
b. Section 401 Water Quality Certification
This project will also require a 401 Water Quality Certification or waiver thereof,
from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) prior to
issuance of the NWP 23. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that the
state issue or deny water certification for any federally permitted or licensed
activity that results in a discharge into Waters of the U.S. Final permit decision
rests with the USACE.
c. Bridge Demolition and Removal
Demolition and removal of a highway bridge over Waters of the United States
requires a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of. Engineers if dropping components
of the bridge into the water is .the only practical means of demolition. Effective
9/20/99, this permit is included with the permit for bridge reconstruction. The
permit application henceforth will require disclosure of demolition methods and
potential impacts to the body of water in the planning document for the bridge
reconstruction.
Section 402-2 "Removal of Existing Structures" of NCDOT's Standard
Specifications for Roads and Structures stipulates that "excavated materials shall
not be deposited...in rivers, streams, or impoundments", and "the dropping of
October 2002 Page _15

parts or components of structures into any body of .water will riot be permitted
unless there is no other practical method of removal. The removal from the water
of any part or component of a structure shall be done so as to keep any resulting
siltation to a minimum." To meet these specifications, NCDOT shall adhere to
Best Management Practices for the Protection of Surface Waters, as
supplemented with Best Management Practices for Bridge Demolition and
Removal
In addition, all in-stream work shall be classified into one of three categories as
follows:
Case 1) In-water work is limited to an absolute minimum, due to the
presence of special resource waters or threatened and/or endangered
species, except for the removal of the portion of the sub-structure below
the water. The work is carefully coordinated with the responsible agency
to protect the Special Resource Water or T&E species.
Case 2) No work at all in the water during moratorium periods associated
with fish migration, spawning, and larval recruitment into nursery areas.
Case 3) No special restrictions other than those outlined in Best
Management Practices for Protection of Surface Waters.
UT to Marsh Swamp is not known to provide habitat for aquatic species on the
federal list of threatened and endangered species. No state-listed fish or mussel
populations are known to exist in the project area. There is evidence of spawning
of anadromous fish downstream. Therefore, Case 2 applies to the proposed
replacement of Bridge No. 82 over UT to Marsh Swamp.
The stream bed in the project area is nearly all fine sand and silt. Therefore,
conditions in the stream raise sediment concerns and a turbidity curtain is
recommended.
3. Tar-Pamlico River Basin: Nutrient Sensitive Water
Management Strategy
Pursuant to 15 NCAC 2B.0259, Riparian Area Rules for Nutrient Sensitive
Waters apply. The rules state that roads, bridges, stormwater management
facilities, ponds, and utilities may be allowed within the 50-foot riparian buffer
area of subject streams where no practical alternative exists. They also state
that these structures shall be located, designed, constructed, and maintained to
have minimal disturbance, to provide maximum erosion protection, to have the
least adverse effects on aquatic life and habitat, and to protect water quality to
the maximum extent practical through the use of best management practices.
Every reasonable effort will be made to avoid and minimize wetland and stream
impacts.
October 2002 Page 16

Estimated impacts to the riparian buffers are quantified below in Table 3. Impacts
to Zone 1 are based on a buffer width of 30 feet (9.1 m) measured landward from
the top of bank or rooted vegetation. Impacts to Zone 2 are based on a buffer
width of 20 feet (6.1) measured landward from the outer edge of Zone 1. The
Authorization Certificate for Tar-Pamlico Buffer Impacts will be requested along
with the 401 Water Quality Certification.
Table 3: Estimated Impacts to Riparian Buffers for Marsh Swamp
Alternative 1 and 3 Alternative 1 Detour
Zone y acres ha 0.111 0.18 0.169 0.27
Zone 2 acres ha) 0.097 0.16 0.073 0.12
Total acres ha 0.208 0.34 0.242 1.39
4. Mitigation
Because this project will likely be authorized under a Nationwide Permit,
mitigation for impacts to surface waters may or may not be required by the
USACE. In accordance with the Division of Water Quality Wetland Rules (15A
NCAC 211 .0506 (h)] "Fill or alteration of more than one acre of wetlands will
require compensatory mitigation; and fill or alteration of more than 150 linear feet
(45.7 m) of streams may require compensatory mitigation." Because permanent
wetland impacts will be less than an acre, wetland mitigation likely will not be
required. A total of 100 linear feet (30.5 m) of UT to Marsh Swamp are located
within the study corridor for the proposed project. If the final length of stream
impact is greater than 150 linear feet (45.7 m), compensatory mitigation may be
required.
F. Rare and Protected Species
Some populations of plants and animals are declining either as a result of natural
forces or their difficulty competing with humans for resources. Rare and
protected species listed for Halifax County, and any likely impacts to these
species as a result of the proposed project construction, are discussed in the
following sections.
1. Federally Protected Species
Plants and animals with a federal classification of Endangered (E), Threatened
(T), Proposed Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) are protected
under provisions of Section 7 and Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended.
The USFWS lists four species under federal protection for Halifax County as of
May 2002. These species are listed in Table 4.
October 2002 Page 17

Table 4:Species Under Federal Protection for Halifax County
Common Name Scientific name Federal Status
Vertebrates
Red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis E
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus T
Invertebrates
Dwarf wedge mussel Alasmidonta heterodon E
ar spinymussel Ellipfio steinstansana E
Notes: E Endangered-A species that is threatened with extinction throughout all or
significant portion of its range.
T Threatened-A species that is likely to become an endangered species withi
the foreseeable future throu hout all or a si nificant ortion of its ran e.
A brief description of the characteristics and habitat requirements of each
species follows, along with a conclusion regarding potential project impact.
Picoides borealis (Red-cockaded Woodpecker) Endangered
Vertebrate Family: Picidae
Federally Listed: 1970
The red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) is federally-listed as
Endangered. It is a small to medium sized bird 7 to 8 inches (18 to
20 centimeters [cm]) long with a wingspan of 13.8 to 15 inches (35 to 38 cm).
The back and top of the head are black. The cheek is white. Numerous small
white spots arranged in horizontal rows give aladder-back appearance. The
chest is dull white with small black spots on the side. Males and females look
alike except males have a small red Streak above the cheek.
Among woodpeckers, the red-cockaded has an advanced social system. They
live in a group termed a clan. The clan may have from two to nine birds, but
never more than one breeding pair. The other adults are usually males and are
called helpers. The helpers are usually the sons of the breeding male and can
be from 1 to 3 years old. The helpers assist in incubating eggs, feeding young,
making new cavities, and defending the clans area from other red-cockaded
woodpeckers.
Roosting cavities are excavated in living pines, and usually in those which are
infected with a fungus producing red-heart disease. A clan nests and roosts in a
group of cavity trees called a colony. The colony may have one or two cavity
trees to more than 12, but it is used only by one clan. In most colonies, all the
cavity trees are within a circle about 1,500 (457.2 m) feet wide. Open stands of
pines with a minimum age of 80 to 120 years provides suitable nesting habitat.
Longleaf pines are the most commonly used, but other species of southern pine
are also acceptable. Dense stands of pines or stands that have a dense
hardwood understory are avoided. Foraging habitat is provided in pine and pine
October 2002 Page 18

hardwood stands 30 years or older with foraging preference for pine trees
10 inches (25.4 cm) or larger in diameter. The woodpeckers' diet consists mainly
of insects, which includes ants, beetles, wood-boring insects, and caterpillars.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
No habitat exists in the project area for the red-cockaded woodpecker. The
project area does not have the open mature stand of pines that the red-cockaded
woodpecker needs. A search of the NHP database found no occurrence of this
bird within the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the project will not impact
this endangered species.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle) Threatened
Family: Accipitridae
Date First Listed: March 11, 1967
Date Downlisted: July 12, 1995
The bald eagle is a large raptor with a wingspan reaching 7 feet (2.1 m). Adults
have a dark brown body with a pure white head and tail, whereas the juvenile
plumage is chocolate brown to blackish with white mottling on the tail, belly, and
underwings. Adult plumage is fully acquired by the fifth or sixth year.
The bald eagle is primarily associated with coasts, rivers, and lakes, usually
nesting near large bodies of water where it feeds. It preys primarily on fish, but
will feed on birds, mammals, turtles, and carrion when fish are unavailable.
In the southeast, the nesting and breeding season runs from September to
December. Large nests up to 6 feet (2 m) across and weighing hundreds of
pounds are constructed from large sticks, weeds, cornstalks, grasses, and sod.
Preferred nesting sites are usually within one-half mile of water,. have an open
view of the surrounding area, and are in the largest living tree, usually a pine or
cypress. Excessive human activity may exclude an otherwise suitable site from
use. Wintering areas generally have the same characteristics as nesting sites,
but may be farther from shores.
The bald eagle ranges throughout all of North America. Breeding sites in the
southeast are concentrated in Florida, coastal South Carolina, and coastal
Louisiana, and sporadically located elsewhere.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
The Unnamed Tributary to Marsh Swamp is not large enough to provide an
adequate food source for bald eagles and canopy coverage is estimated at
90 percent coverage. No large water bodies exist within 2 miles of the project
area. No large conifers or other trees suitable for a large nest were noted in the .
project area. A search of the NHP database found no occurrence of this animal
October 2002 Page 19

within the project vicinity. It can be concluded that the project will not impact this
Threatened species.
Alasmidonfa heterodon (Dwarf wedge mussel) Endangered
Family: Unionidae
Federally Listed: 1990
The dwarf wedge mussel rarely exceeds 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in length. It is the
only American freshwater mussel that has two lateral teeth on the right valve, but
only one on the left. The shell's outer surface is usually brown or yellowish brown
in color, with faint green rays that are most noticeable in young specimens. The
male and female shells differ slightly, with the female being wider to allow greater
space for egg development.
The dwarf wedge mussel occurs along the Atlantic Coast from Canada south to
North Carolina. There are a number of documented populations in North Carolina
streams, including streams in the Tar River basin. The habitat is described as
creek and river areas with a slow to moderate current and a substrate that
consists of sand, gravel, or muddy bottom. These areas must be silt free.
Major factors contributing to the endangered status of the species include water
quality degradation and loss of habitat. The mussel needs slow to moderate
currents and asilt-free environment, conditions that often are modified by dam
construction. Another significant factor is the exclusion of its anadromous fish
host from some habitat areas by impoundment and dams. Increased acidity,
runoff of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, and the mussel's sensitivity to
potassium, zinc, copper, cadmium and other elements associated with industrial
pollution also contribute to its decline.
Biological Conclusion:
No Effect
A search of the NHP files found no occurrences of the dwarf wedge mussel in the
project vicinity, although there are populations of dwarf wedge mussels within the
Tar River basin. The dwarf wedgemussel's habitat requirements differ slightly
from the Tar River spinymussel's in that the dwarf wedgemussel may be found in
slower moving stream systems in areas of gravel, sand, or mud. Only very
marginal habitat for the dwarf wedgemussel was noted in the unnamed tributary
to Marsh Swamp. Given the lack of good habitat and the absence of any
evidence of freshwater mussels in the vicinity, the construction of this project will
not affect this species.
Elliptio steinstansana (Tar Spinymussel) Endangered
Family: Unionidae
Federally Listed: 1985
October 2002 Page 20

The Tar spinymussel is one of only three freshwater mussels in the world with
spines. It is a medium-sized mussel reaching about 2.5 inches (6.35 cm) in
length. The shell's outer surface (periostracum) is an orange-brown color with
greenish rays in young and adults are darker with inconspicuous rays. Juveniles
may have as many as 12 spines; however, adult specimens tend to lose their
spines as they mature. .
The Tar spinymussel feeds by siphoning and filtering small food particles that are
suspended in the water. It requires relatively silt-free, uncompacted gravel and/or
coarse sand in fast-flowing, well oxygenated stream reaches. It is found in
association with other mussels, but it is never very numerous. The larvae must
attach to the gills or fins of fish before transforming into juvenile mussels and
dropping to the stream bottom.
Two relatively good populations are known to exist in two tributaries of the Tar
River. Although they have been found in one other tributary of the Tar River,
individuals are becoming harder to find.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
A search of the NHP files found no occurrence of Tar spinymussel in the project
vicinity. The Tar River spinymussel typically requires silt-free gravel or sand in
flowing stream systems. No such habitat was observed in the unnamed tributary
to Marsh Swamp. Given the lack of appropriate habitat and the absence of any
evidence of freshwater mussels in the vicinity, the construction of this project will
not affect this species.
2. Federal Species of Concern
Federal Species of Concern (FSC) are not legally protected under the
Endangered Species Act and are not subject to any of its provisions, including
Section 7, until they are formally proposed or listed as Threatened or
Endangered. Table 5 includes FSC species listed for Halifax County and their
state classifications. Organisms which are listed as Endangered (E), Threatened
(T), or Special Concern (SC) on the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program list
of Rare Plant and Animal Species are afforded state protection under the State
Endangered Species Act and the North Carolina Plant Protection and
Conservation. Act of 1979. However, the level of protection given to state-listed
species does not apply to NCDOT activities.
October 2002 Page 21

Table 5: Federal Species of Concern in Halifax County
Common Name Scientific Name State
Status Habitat
present
Vertebrates
Bachman's Sparrow'` Aimophila aestivalis SC Y
Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea SR N
Southeastern Bat Myotis austroriparius SC Y
Invertebrates
Argo Ephemerellan Mayfly Ephemerel/a argo SR N
Atlantic Pigtoe Fusconaia masoni T Y
Chowanoke Crayfish ~ Orconectes virginiensis SR N
Green Floater Lasmigona subviridis E Y
Tar River Crayfish Procambarus medialis W3 Y
Yellow Lampmussel Lampsilis cariosa T Y
Yellow Lance Elliptio lanceolata T Y
Vascular Plants
Bog St. John's-wort Hypericum adpressum C Y
Carolina Least Trillium Trillium pusillum var pusillum E N
Sources: Amoroso, ed., 1999; LeGrand and Hall, eds., 1999
Key: T = Threatened, E =Endangered, SC =Special Concern, C =Candidate,
SR =Significantly Rare, W3 =Watch List -species reported but without adequate documentation.
*=Historic record. The species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago.
'*=Obscure record. The date and/or location of observation is uncertain.
No FSC species were observed during the site visit, and none are recorded at
NHP as occurring within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the project area.
3. Summary of Anticipated Impacts
No impacts to federally protected species are anticipated.
VI. CULTURAL RESOURCES
A. Compliance Guidelines
This project is subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and implemented by the Advisory Council
of Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106, codified
as 36 CFR Part 800. Section 106 requires Federal agencies to take into account
the effect of their undertakings (federally-funded, licensed, or permitted) on
properties included in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic
places and to afford the Advisory Council a reasonable opportunity to comment
on such undertakings.
October 2002 Page 22

B. Historic Architecture
A field survey of the Area of Potential Effects (APE) was conducted. All
structures within the APE were photographed, and later reviewed by the State
Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). In a concurrence form dated April 20, 2000
and memorandum dated November 16, 2000, the SHPO concurred that there are
no historic architectural resources either listed in or eligible for listing in the
National Register of Historic Places within the APE. A copy of the concurrence
form and memorandum are included in the Appendix.
C. Archaeology
The SHPO, in a memorandum dated November 16, 2000, recommended that no
archaeological investigation be conducted in connection with this project. A copy
of the memorandum is included in the Appendix. No archaeological resources
are anticipated to be impacted by the project.
VI1. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Anticipated impacts to the resources. in the project area are described in this
section. The project is considered to be a Federal "Categorical Exclusion"
because of its limited. scope and insignificant environmental consequences. The
project is expected to have an overall positive impact. Replacement of the
inadequate bridge will result in safer traffic operations.
The project is not in conflict with any plan, existing land use, or zoning regulation.
No significant change in land use is expected to result from construction of the
project.
No adverse effect on public facilities or services is anticipated. The project is not
expected to adversely affect social, economic, or religious opportunities in the
area.
No adverse effect on families or communities is anticipated. Right-of-way
acquisition will be limited. No residences or businesses will be relocated.
There are no publicly owned parks, recreational facilities, or wildlife and
waterfowl refuges of national, state, or local significance in the vicinity of the
project.
The Farmland Protection Policy Act requires all federal agencies or their
representatives to consider the potential impacts to prime and important farmland
soils by all land acquisition and construction projects. Prime and important
farmland soils are defined by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service.
No prime or important farmlands will be impacted by the proposed project. In
October 2002 Page 23

addition, the proposed project is anticipated to' be limited to the existing right of
way, and the land use adjacent to the project is residential.
This project is an air quality "neutral" project, so it is not required to be included in
the regional emission analysis (if applicable) and a project level CO analysis is
not required. This project is not anticipated to create any adverse effects on the
air quality of this attainment area.
Traffic volumes will not increase or decrease because of this project. There are
no receptors located in the immediate project area. The project's impact on noise
and air quality will not be significant.
Noise levels could increase during construction but will be temporary. If
vegetation is disposed of by burning, all burning shall be done in accordance with
applicable local laws and regulations of the North Carolina SIP for air quality in
compliance with 15 NAACO 2D.0520. This evaluation completes the assessment
requirements for highway traffic noise (23 CFR Part 772) and for air quality (1990
CAAA and NEPA), and no additional reports are required.
An examination of records at the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section and the
Division of Waste Management revealed neither underground storage tanks,
hazardous waste sites, regulated or unregulated landfills, nor dump sites in the
project area.
Halifax County is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
Flood Insurance Study maps for Halifax County show that Bridge No. 82 is
located in a FEMA 100-year floodplain. Replacement of this bridge is not
expected to affect the 100-year floodplain.
On the basis of the above discussions, it is concluded that no significant adverse
environmental effects will result from implementation of this project.
VIII. AGENCY COMMENTS
A. Federal
The United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resource Conservation
Service provided a letter stating they had no comments on the project. No other
federal agencies provided written comments. Other agencies were contacted and
some provided verbal or email input.
October 2002 Page 24

B. State
The North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission provided a letter stating that
their standard comments apply and that they are not aware of any threatened or
endangered species in the project vicinity.
The Division of Marine Fisheries of the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources provided a letter stating although they did
not sample the stream, that it is quite possible that anadromous fish may utilize
Marsh Swamp. They mentioned that as long as the bridge is replaced with
dimensions similar to those currently in place, it should not affect fish migration.
In addition, they urged that the bridges not be replaced with a culvert.
October 2002 Page 25

' N
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w N Division of Highways
~HERTFOR Project Development and Environmental MalySis Branch
~,~ ~:
~ 'H~-''~~ BERTIE ate.
FIGURE 1
FRnNKUN, NASH VICINITY MAP
/ ~.
EDGECOMBE MARTIN
REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGE NUMBER 82
ON NC 561 OVER MARSH SWAMP
HALIFAX COUNTY
TIP NO. B-3853
0.5 0 0.5 1 Miles

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NCDOT~P&E BRANCH Fax:[phone]a Jul 23 'Ol 9:58 P. 02
•
FederalArd #BRSTP-561(1) TIP #B X853 County: Halifax
.;
CONCURRENCE FORivt FOK PROPERTIES RIOT EL101BLE FOR THE NATIONAL
REGISTER O'F.~1-IIST'O•RIC P.LACF.S
~'Y
Project De.scriprran: Replace~Drid~e No: 82 on 1~C:56i~ aver Fvlarsh Swamo
On Apri120, 2000, mpresentatives of the
L~ North Carolina Department of TransporFatioti (I~FCDOT) • •
[ti]/ Federal Highway Administration (FF•#WA):. ~.~.
[~~ •Nonh Carolina Staze Historic Preservation Office (SF~PO)~
Rzviewed the subject project at •
[] a scoping meeting ~ . .'
[~/ photograph review session/consultatian
other
All parties present ageed .•. •
[] there ar•e no properries over•fifty yeas •oid within~.the projeect's area of potential effect.
[~~ there are no propemes less than ~~.yesrs,o}dtw~izlr`arc.coasiderad to meot Criterion
Consideration G withirr the project's area•oi'poti:ti;Eial•effect.
there are properties over fr:Ety years oid•(Fisrattach'sd);within the project's area of•potential effect,
but based on the historical informatiot~•avt+'.ilable aird the photographs of each properry, propemes
identified as Bridge No. &2. • • • ~ are considered not eligible for
/ the National Register and uo further e~~ahration of theta is trecessary.
Q/ there are no National Register-listed pFOpaties.lo~areil~withxn the project's aria of potential effect.
Signed:

y •zo~Cb
Representad~ NC]]OT ~ Date
~. ~ ~ C
FHWA, for.the Division Administrator, or other Federal AS~flcY Date
Rep sentariv , SHPO ~ . ~ Dace
State Historic Preservation Officer ~ T-
atl~ e
~ c..r
Ir a survey repute is pr~pareeJ, ~ Fnul copy of this ;~: ;r~, end the aaachcd list will b~ included.

f ~~~~
d States
rtment of
ultu re
October 30, 2000
~al
urces
erration
~_
81and Rd.
:205
igh, NC 27609
Mr. John Conforti
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1548
873-2134 Dear Mr. Conforti:
Thank you for the opportunity to provide comments on Bridge Group XXVI II bridge
replacement projects listed below:
TIP Project
No. County Bridge
Number Road Carried Stream Crossed
B-3643 Granville 72 ~ SR1004 (Providence Rd.) Hachers Run
8-3644 ~ Granville 226 SR1120 (Veasey Rd.) Knap of Reeds Creek
B-3645 Granville 201 SR 1435 (Davis Chapel Rd.) Little Grassy Creek
B-3653 Halifax 162 SR1450 (Branch Rd.) Chockoyotte Creek
B-3853 Halifax 82 ~ NC561 ~ Marsh Swamp
B-3702 Vance 19 SR 1305 (Barker Rd.) Flat Creek
B-3915 Vance 21 SR 1303 (Hicksboro P.d.) Flat Creek
B-3521 ~ Wake 273 SR 1006 (Old Stage Rd.) Middle Creek
B-3523 Wake 525 SR 1300 (Kildaire Farm Rd.) Swift Creek
B-3530 Wake 174 SR 2320 (Riley Hill Rd.) Buffalo Creek
B-3703 Wake 317 SR 1404 (Johnson Pond Rd.) Middle Creek
B-3704 Wake 108 SR 1834 (Norwood Rd.) Lower Bartons Creek
B-3705 Wake 125 SR 2045 (Burlington Mills Rd.) Smiths Creek
B-3917 Wake 311 SR 1379 (Penny Rd.) Lake Wheeler (Swift
Cr.)
B-3918 Wake ~ 127 SR 2044 (Ligon Mill Rd.) Tom Creek
The Natural Resources Conservation Service does not have any comments at this time.
Sincerely,
Mary K.'~Combs
State Conservationist
The Natural Resources Censerrefi~n Service worMs hand-in-hzrd with the
Ame .can oeeele to ccnserve natural resources on privaie land AN cOUAI. OPPORTUNITY EiVIPLOYER

d.,n STATh a,~
T
~YY ~
`,
u
Syr I ~ ..
.~, LL
1'~Tort~ Carolina Department of Cultural resources
State Historic Preservation Office
David L. S. Brook, Administrator
James B. Hunt Jr., Governor Division of Archives and History
Betty Ray McCain, Secretary Jeffrey J. Crow, Director
November 16, 2000
MEMORANDUM
To: William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental Analysis Branch
From: David Brook ~y ~~~
Re: Replace Bridge No. 82 on NC 561 over Marsh Swamp,
TIP No. B-3853, Halifa;~ County, ER 01-7786
Thank you for your letter of October 2, 2000, concerning the above project.
Bridge No. 82 was built in 1935
We recommend an architectural historian on your staff evaluate the above property to determine
its eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and report the finds to us.
There are no known archaeological sites within the proposed project area. Based on our present
knowledge of the area, it is unlikely that any archaeological resources, which may be eligible for
inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places, will be affected by the project construction.
We, therefore recommend that no archaeological investigation be conducted in connection with
this project.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act
and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section
106 codified at 36~CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above
comment, contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, Environmental Review Coordinator; at 919/733-4763
DB:kgc
ec: Mary Pope Fun, NCDOT
Nicholas Graf, FHwA
Location
ADYII\ISTRATION . :07 ti. Blount St., Raleigh NC
ARCHAEOLOGX 421 ;~. Btount St., Raleigh NC
RESTOR4TION 515 V. Blount St., Raleigh NC
Deputy State Hlstor Preservation Officer
yIailing Address
4617 Mail Service Center. Raleigh NC ?7699-1617
4619 ?Mail Service Cencer, Raleigh NC 2?699--'.619
4613 'Mail Seri-ice Center, Ralei_eh NC '_7699-1613
.~~~e u_n c_,.: _., i`a...~. D..In: n6 U!" 77~OO.AL14
Telephone/Fax
[phone] 733-8653
[phone] 71 ~-2671
(919) 733-63~ % i I5-3301
/nom -i~~ ~-. -. - ..._.

,~ J
State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Division of Marine Fisheries
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Bill Holman, Secretary
Preston P. Pate, Jr., Director
10 October 2000
MEIVIOR4ir1DUM
TO: John Conforti, DOT
`,
FROM: Mike Street, .DMF'~ .,~
SUBJECT: Bridge replacements
~°e
NOR l i"I CAROLINA DE?ARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL. RESOURCES
The North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries has reviewed the letter and~attachments of 2
October 2000 concerning potential impacts of replacements of bridges 162 and 82 in Halifax County. We
offer the following comment under authority of G.S. 113-131.
. .Sampling by the Division in the past found evidence of spawning of anadromous fish (American
shad) in Fishing Creek at the U.S. 301 bridge. Since Marsh Swamp enters Fishing Creels well
downstream from the U. S. 301 bridge, it is quite possible that anadromous fish may utilize Marsh
Swamp. We did not sample that stream. As long as the bridges are replaced with bridges with
dimensions similar to those currently in place, they should not affect fish migration. We would uree that
the bridges not be replaced with culverts.
Mr. Wojciechowslci has retired from state service. Please send future correspondence tome.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment.
cc: Sara Winslow
P.O. box 769, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557-0759 Telephone ?_52-726-7021 FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50% recycled/10°~ post-consumer paper
~R~~

Ofiice of the Superintendent
October 12, 2000
Mr. John Conforti
Project Development and Environmental Analysis
1548 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC ?7699-1548
Dear Mr. Conforti:
Telephone; [phone]
Halifax County Schools Transportation Department has looked at TIP PROJECT
NUMBER B-3653 and B-3853 for the school year 2000/2001. We do not have buses
crossing either of these bridges.
Road closing for these bridges would not a pose any problem for Halifax County
Schools or Weldon City Schools.
Sincerely,
Cliff Pearson
Director of School Operations
aiw
P,O. Box 468 Halifax, Norih Carolina 27839 [phone]
-FgUCi Oppcruniiy Employer- '
~ ®P"~

VCWRC,HCP,FALLS LAKE

~ ' ~~3
~' Nor-th. Caral~a~Uild.~.iife l~esc~ur~ces Corr~rnissio~ ®_
Char1e91i. Fullwood, P..x~tutive Director
TO: Yvonne; G. G. Howell., PE ;
Earth Tech
FROM: David Cox, Higlmwa~ Project ~~ ininr
Habitat Conservation'hrograua ~~--} ~, 1 , ~J~j
DATE: October 8, 2001
SUBJECT: NCDOT Bridge Replacements in .Granville, ~ialifax, Vance, and Wake counties
of North Carolina. TIl''.~.Tos..B-3643, B-3644, B-3645, B-3G53, B-3853, B-3702,
B-3.915,13-3521, B-3523, B-3330, ~-3703, B-3704, B-3705, B-3917, and B-3918.
•
Biologists witi, the N. C. Wildlife Resdurc2s Gorni~rission {NCWRC) have reviewed the
information provided and have the following prelirn..in.:Ary i~oxnments on the subject projcet. Our
comments are provided in accordance with provisions ofthe National Environmental Policy Act
(42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(c)) and the Fish and Wildlife Corrdittation Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 1G
U.S.C.GGI-GG7d).
On bridge replacement proj ycts ofthi6 scope our standard recommendations are as
follows:
1. We generally prefer spanning strtactxires. Sparu~in;~ structures usually do not require
work withal the stream and~slo not require,~tream channel realignment. 1'he horizontal
and vertical clearances provided by bridges. allrws for human and wildlife passage
beneath the structure, does not bloe;c fish•pass~ge, and does not block navigation by
canc~eisls and boaters.
2_ Bridge clock drains shoult~ not discharge directly into the stream.
3. Live concrete should not be allowed to contact tli,e water in or entering into the stream.
4. 1'f possible, bridge sup2orts ('Dents} si~ould not h~ placed in the stream.
S. If temporary access roads or detours ate construetPd, they should be removed back to
origins] gra~.~nd elevations immsdiatPly up+en the completion of the project. Disturbed
srea.s slmould be seeded oz'tnuiched to stabilize the soil and native tree species slmould
be planted with a spacing of not more thAn ZO'x10'. If possible, whey using temporary
structures the area should 3~e cleared but ns~t grubbed. Cleruing the area with chai]t
TEL~919-528-9839..', pct 08'01 10 11 No .001 P.02
Mailing Address: Division of Inlan:,! Fisheries • 1711 M:.il Seswice Center • ltaleig}i, NC 27699-1721
Telephone: (919! 733-3633 ext. 2.91 • Fas;: (91'J) 7]5-7643

CWRC,HCP,FALLS LAKE TEL~919-528-9839!.,:, : Oct 08'01 10~i2 No ,001 P.03
r ' i . ~ ~ .
Bridge Memo 2 October S, 20U1
saws, mowers, bush-hogs, or other mecha~i.zed equipment and leaving t'ne stumps and
root rnat intact, allows the area to. rsveget~te nahually and minimizes disturbed soil.
6. A clear bank (riprap freed area.of at.least'l,0 fe~f should remain on each side of the
steam underneath the bridge.
7. In trout waters, the N.C. ;Wildlife ltesourc^s Commission reviews all U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers nationwide ztud general `40~' permits. We have the option of
requesting additional measures to protect trout and trout habitat and we can
recommend that the project require an iazdividu~~:t `404' permit.
o. In streams that contain tlu.eatenec~. or ens~angered ,:species, NCDOT biologist Mr. Tim
Savidge should be notified. Special measures to protect these sensitive species may be
required. NCDOT should also contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for
information on requirements of thra Endangered Species Act as it relates to the project.
9. In streams that are used by Rrtadro~ous.fi~h, the NCDOT official policy entitled
"Stream Crossing Guidelines for t~nadromous Fish Passage (May 12, ] 997)" shot<ld
be followed.
10. tai areas with significant ,5sheries for siuifish, seasonal exclusions .may also be
recoiruncnded. ::, . ; ~: ,
1.1. Sedimentation and erosion control measures sufficient to protect aquatic resources
must be implemented prior to any;~raninr~~.distuz`riing activities. Sn-uctures should be
maintained regularly, os~eeially foIlowtszg rainzall events.
12. Temporary or permanent ~terba,ceou~,yegecetior.. should be planted on all bare soil
within l 5 days of g~ound ciisiurbing aotivitie~ to provide longterm erosion control.
13. All work in or adjacent to st: eam waters Should b w conducted in a dry work area.
Sandbags, rock berms, cofferdams, or.othPr diversion sttuctures should be used
where possible to praverit excavatiQrt in flawing orator.
14. Heavy equipment should be operated fl~rii the -batik rather than in stream channels in
order to minimize sedimejntgtion and reduce the likelihood of introducing other
pollutants into streams. ~. ~.
15. Only clean, sediment-free rock should be ased a~ temporary fill (causeways), and
should be removed without exces~iv:; d;st<uban:~;e of the natural stream bottom when
construction is completed..
lb. During subsurface investigetions, equipment should be inspected daily and
maintained to prevent contamination of si~rfare ~rrsaters from leaking fuels, lubricants,
hydraulic fluids, ar other,toxic materials.
If corrugated metal pipe arches, rainfc+n:ed. roncrete pipes, or concrete box culverts are
used:
The culvert must be desigucd to allow far fish passage. Generally, this means that the
culvert or pipe invert is bi:ried at lust 1:fo•-~t below the natural stream bed. If
multiple cells arc required the soceud and/car third cells should be placed so that their
bottoms arc at stream bankfal stage (similar tt~ Lyonsfieid design}, This could be

~WRC,HCP,FALLS LAKE TEL:919-S2b-9839 ~ Oct 08'01 10 12 No .001 P.04
.. . .
~,
Bridge Memo ~ 3 ` '~ '! , . October S, 2001
. ~ ..
accomplished by constnf~trng a lodv sill oa the a~pstream end of the other cells that
will divert low slows to ;uitrther Gel1.~~Thi!~ will-Billow sufficient water depth in the
culvert or pipe during normal flow3 to accommodate fish movements. if culverts arc
long, trolc:hed baffles should be placed is ~inforced concrete box culverts at 15 foot
intervals to allow for the collection of aedz~sents in the culvert, to roduce flow
velocities, and to provide resting ~lacr,~''for u~ and other aquatic organisms moving
through the structure.
2. If multiple pipes or cells a*e uBed,: at lust any pipe or box should be designed to
remain dry during normal flows to allow for wildlife passage.
3. Culverts or pipes should be situated so that no ch~lnnel realignmen! or widening is
required. Widening of tti~: stream channel at the inlet or outlet of structures usually
causes a decrease in water velocity causitig; sedam~t deposition that will require future
maintenance. ;,, .
4. Riprap should not be placed on the stream'oed, .
In most casts, we prefer the replacemeri't of the existing structure at the same location
with road closure. Tfroad closure is .not feasi~ie,.a~`ternporary detour should be designed and
located to avoid. wetland impacts, minimize the•ne~d for c:~raring and to avoid destabilizing
stream hanks. If the structure will bs on a nE^w aligimxcjttt, thy: old structure should be reYnoved
and the appmach,fills removed from the 100-year floaciplaict, Appmach fills should be removed
down to the natural ground elevation,, the are,a.should a E1's~bilized with grass and planted with
native tree species. If the area that i~ mclaim ~~i,w~s ~previrsusly wetlands, NCDOT should restor
tt1~ dCca tQ'wCti~iul~. lf~, LAC yjte mr.d;~"b~' vas as w~f; an mrttgatron or the subject
project or other projects in the waterstt;.n: - , '
Project specific comrtlents: '
l . B-3643 -Granville County - Brid~~ Ne. ~2~ oust ?Hatch,ers Run. Standard comments apply.
We are not aware of any threatens of ct~lar3gered. species iyt the project vicinity.
2. B-3644 -Granville County -Bridge No. 226 over Knap. of Reeds Creek. NCDOT should be
aware that NCWRC has designat NCVV~tC'$atYtelanc?;s;in the vicinity of this bridge.
impacts to gameland propertios should be ~avo;ded. There are also records of state listed
mussels upstream of the project. ?'herefono, due.to, the notertlial for impacts to listed species
we request that NCDOT perform' a: tnu6se~18urvey prior to the construction of this hridgc.
3. B-3645 -Granville County -Bridge No. X01 over Little ~Grass~ Creek. Standard comments
apply. We arc not awaze of any thxeatenocl o.Feardangered species in the project vicinity.
4. B-3653 -Halifax County- Brid{~e No. 162 over E,",hock: yotte Creek. Duc io the potential for
anadromous fish at this location, i~ICDCJT sl'n~~~ij.1d F~lose#y Fallow the "Stream Crossing
Guidelines t'or Anadromous Fish iK'assage". '~"ri - i~t~!.:lurleP err in-water work moratorium fmrl
February 15 to June ] 5, We are not awaro.of'a~,y trreat~.ried of endangered species in the
project vicinity. Standard comments apply.,
5. B-3853 -Halifax County -Bridge No, 82 over 1Vlarsh swamp. Standard comments apply.
We are not aware of any tarcatened of endangered specie;; in the project vicinity.
.. .

CWRC~HCP,FALLS LRKE TEL~919-528-9859 ~~~ Oct 08'01 1013 No .00.1 P.05
. ~;
-,
Bridge Metno ~ ~'4~ ~ 'r. +~ ~'~ ~ ~ ~ October 8, 2001
~~ ~ ~ ,.
( f ~ _
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6. B-3702 -Vance County -Bridge No: >`9'over Flat Creek, Standard comments apply, We
are not aware of any threatened of endangered apecies~in the project vicinity.
7. B-3915 •• Vance County -Bridge No, 2~ over Flat Creek. Standard comments apply. We
are not aware of any threatened of ertda~gered species tai the project vicinity,
8. B-3521- Wake Gouniy -Bridge No 27~ oven-Middle 'reek. Due to the potential for
anadromous fish at this locationz NCDO'T should closely follow the "Stream Crossing
Guidelines for Anadromous Fish Pa9sagQ". This includes an in-water work moratorium from
February 15 to June 13. There ate also records +~f state tinted mussels upstream of the
project. Therefore, due to the potential fdr impacts to ;fisted species we request that NCDOT
perform a mussel survey prior t~ the constnictic~r~ of his bridge. 5tandazd comments apply.
~. ~ ~. ~r
9. B-3523 -Wake County -- BridF : IaTo. 525 `oveP swift Creek. Standard comments apply. We
are not aware of any threatened pf endangered species in the project vicinity. -
.. ;.
10. B-3530 -Wake County -Bridge No. 174over E~uffala,Creek. Standard comments apply.
We are not aware of any threat~.ned of en~aigered species in the project vicinity.
,,
11. B-3703 -Wake County - Bridg No. 317 over Middle<+~ (;reek. There are records of state
listed mussels upstream of the project. Therefore, due tQ the potential for impacts io listed
species we request that NCDOT perfortn:a mussoi survey prior to the construction of this
bridge. Standard comments apply.
12. B-3704 -Wake County -- Bridge 1~;~. 108 odor LAwer Hr4rtons Creek. Standard comments
apply. We are not. aware of any threatenarl G~f ~{lango:,fd apeciies in the pmject vicinity.
4 .
13. B-3705 -Wake County -Bridge No. 1'?5M t?ler ;':*x~ith~ C', yok. Standard comments apply.
We are not aware of any threatey:~~ of eggPret~ species in the project vicinity.
.. 4:.
1 d. B-3x17 Walco County - B,.«i~C No. 311.:over.l..ake 1~Vheelei- (Swift Creek). Standard
comments apply. We are not aware of any,t~zeatem+ed.of~s~dangered species in the project
vicinity. t , ; .
. `~. ~',
15. B-3918 -Wake County - Bridge:No..12?ytivor Tom Cre~?x. Standard comments apply. We
are not aware of any threatened of endangered species i~;the project vicinity.
We request that NCDOT routinely minimizeadverse"impacts to fish and wildlife
resources in the vicuuty of bridge replacetnonts. The NCDOT' should install and maintain
sedimentation control measures throughout the life'~of the pmject and prevent wet concrete from
contacting water in or entering into tlieso stresms.;~Req~lacer.~rnt of bridges with spanning
structures of some type, as opposed tri pipe or bit~t~ culverts, ~s recommended in most cases.
Spanning structures allow wildlife ppa-4&age a1ox~~stir~~ubar~ka,.reducing habitat fragmentation
and vehicle related mortality at highway! croeeu~gs, ~ . ~ . ,
If you need fi~rther assistance or information ~~n~i~Cti'~t~ concerns regarding bridge
replacements, please contact me at [phone].,.'1`hank.y~~'1 for the opportunity to review and
comment on these projects. ' `- ~ ' .

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