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HomeMy WebLinkAboutNC0039586_Outfall 0006_20191115 (•, DUKE Tanya M. Hamilton Vice President ENERGY. Harris Nuclear Plant �( 5413 Shearon Harris Rd New Hill, NC 27562-9300 NOV 152019 Serial: RA-19-0430 31ECEDWIE —;\ Certified Mail Number: 7014 2120 0003 3196 5893 NOV 1 9 2019 Return Receipt Requested Ms. Linda Culpepper, Director DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES NC DEQ Division of Water Resources __, D!Rr C oR S OFFICE_ 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 Subject: Duke Energy Progress, LLC - Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant (HNP) NPDES Permit No. NC0039586 Part I (A)(9) - Schedule of Compliance (Outfall 006), Wake County Dear Ms. Culpepper: On August 29, 2016, NC DEQ DWR issued NPDES Permit NC0039586 with an effective date of September 1, 2016. Contained within this permit were new effluent limit requirements for Copper and Zinc for Outfall 006 (Combined Outfall for Internal Outfalls 001-005) serving HNP. Part I (A)(9) of the permit requires Duke Energy Progress, LLC (Duke Energy), submit to the Division of Water Resources (DWR) a Corrective Action Plan (CAP) which summarizes the actions to be taken to achieve the total copper and total zinc limits at Outfall 006 and a schedule of actions to be taken to implement the Plan. The CAP was submitted to the DWR on September 1, 2017. Duke Energy is proceeding with the strategy recommended in the CAP. Duke Energy is proceeding with a strategy to achieve compliance by determining site-specific water quality criteria. A Water Effects Ratio (WER) study for both copper and zinc for HNP Outfall 006 was performed and results were submitted to DWR on May 9, 2019. This Method 1 WER study was conducted using 100 percent effluent and Duke Energy then conservatively used the lowest of the three tests in its recommendation to DWR. DWR sent a response letter on July 10, 2019 requesting that dilution be taken into consideration when determining the WER. DWR also requested in the letter that the WER study be performed again with the fathead minnow used as the primary organism. Duke Energy believes the May 2019 submittal of WER results, using the lowest WER of the three tests using 100 percent effluent, was a conservative recommendation protective of water quality in Harris Lake. Although Duke Energy interprets the application of Appendix F of EPA's 1994 Interim Guidance differently, for the sake of moving forward while still preserving our right to further discuss such differences of opinion, Duke Energy is submitting work plans for a mixing zone evaluation using a dilution model, CORMIX, and a workplan for a WER using fathead minnow as the primary species. This dilution analysis will be conducted first, and the results presented to DWR so that we can reach agreement on the appropriate dilutions for further WER testing, if necessary. Division of Water Resources Serial: RA-19-0430 / Page 12 While we are submitting work plans for both a mixing zone evaluation and additional WER testing using fathead minnows as the primary species, we believe DWR is misapplying some aspects of EPA's 1994 Interim Guidance. One is the decision to use fathead minnows as the primary test species for WER testing. The guidance indicates on page 21 —"The primary toxicity test used in the determination of a WER should have an endpoint in laboratory dilution water that is close to, but not lower than, the CMC and/or CCC to which the WER is to be applied." The acute end point for Ceriodaphnia in laboratory water for our three tests ranged from 48-hour LC50 values for dissolved copper of 9.4 ug/L to 21.1 ug/L at a hardness of 50 mg/L. The 48-hour LC50 value for fathead minnows in our secondary test was a dissolved copper of 157.9 ug/L. The CMC endpoint from the equations in the standards rules for the hardness of the toxicity tests (-50 mg/L) ranged from 7.5 to 8.0 depending on the effluent hardness. Therefore, the end point for Ceriodaphnia"is close to, but not lower than, the CMC" — where the same cannot be said for fathead minnows. There are also other references in the guidance indicating that the primary species should be an appropriate sensitive species. As discussed at the June meeting between Duke Energy, our consultants, and DWR, the 1994 Interim Guidance is a very difficult document to interpret. Most people involved with the guidance at both state levels and EPA have retired. To that end, Duke Energy has added to our consulting team Charles Delos, Senior Research Scientist at the Great Lakes Environmental Center, Inc. (GLEC). Prior to joining GLEC in 2014, Mr. Delos worked for EPA in the water program for 45 years and was extensively involved with various copper criteria documents and development and applications of the 1994 Interim Guidance. Mr. Delos will be available to discuss historical aspects of the WER and/or copper criteria with NC DEQ DWR staff and will be providing valuable input to our path forward. As indicated above, additional WER testing is dependent on completion of the dilution modeling. We will be preparing a report of the mixing zone analysis and make recommendations for the specific use of these results in calculating potential effluent limits and for selecting dilutions for subsequent WER testing. If you have any questions regarding this matter or wish to discuss in further detail via a conference call or in-person meeting, please do not hesitate to contact Mr. Bob Wilson, HNP Site Environmental Professional, at (919) 362- 2444 or Mr. Don Safrit, Senior Environmental Specialist, at (919) 546-6146. I certify, under penalty of law, that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fines and imprisonment for knowing violations. Sincerely, diATt /14Q1/11`---- Tanya M. Hamilton Division of Water Resources Serial: RA-19-0430 / Page 13 Enclosures: STUDY PLAN: Water Effect Ratio - Site Specific Study (wi Pimephales promelas as Primary Species) Duke Energy - Shearon Harris Nuclear Station Mixing Zone Study Work Plan cc: Ms. Julie Grzyb, Supervisor, NPDES Complex Permitting Supervisor, Certified Mail Number: 7014 2120 0003 3196 5916 Return Receipt Requested Mr. Rick Bolich, Interim Water Resources Regional Supervisor, NC DEQ DWR Raleigh Regional Office Certified Mail Number: 7014 2120 0003 3196 5923 Return Receipt Requested Ms. Cyndi Karoly, Chief, Water Sciences Section, NC DEQ DWR Certified Mail Number: 7014 2120 0003 3196 5909 Return Receipt Requested NC DEQ DWR Central Files Certified Mail Number: 7014 2120 0003 3196 5824 Return Receipt Requested Division of Water Resources Serial: RA-19-0430 Enclosure 2 Harris Nuclear Plant and Harris Energy and Environmental Center NPDES Permit Number NC0039586 STUDY PLAN Water Effect Ratio - Site Specific Study (w/ Pimephales promelas as Primary Species) Duke Energy - Shearon Harris Nuclear Station (5 pages including cover) new EJmjc. (864)877-6942 . FAX(864)877-6938 P.O. Box 16414, Greenville, SC 29606 4 Craftsman Court, Greer, SC 29650 STUDY PLAN Water Effect Ratio-Site Specific Study (wi Pimephales promelas as Primary Species) Duke Energy-Shearon Harris Nuclear Station It is proposed that a Site Specific Study be conducted as a Water Effect Ratio per the EPA document Interim Guidance on Determination and Use of Water-Effect Ratios for Metals (1994). The study will be conducted by ETT Environmental, Inc. of Greenville, SC. The Scope of Work to be used is as delineated below. The full WER procedure involves three rounds of parallel testing with the primary species and a round of testing with the secondary species. The primary species will be the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)and the secondary species will be the daphnid Ceriodaphnia dubia. Each round of testing will be conducted with simulated lake water prepared at the proportion of lake water versus effluent flow using results of the dilution model evaluation. The amount of lake water used for dilutions will be based on dilution model studies as agreed upon by NC DEQ personnel. Effluent flow will be obtained from the Shearon Harris Nuclear Station. The second and third rounds of testing will be conducted at least three weeks after the previous round of testing. Based on guidance, two of the three rounds will be conducted using low dilutions (Type I) conditions and one test using higher dilution (Type II) conditions. As indicated above, dilutions for Type I and Type II conditions will be based on dilution modeling results as agreed upon by NC DEQ. The testing for the secondary species, Ceriodaphnia dubia, will be conducted under Type II conditions so that results could be utilized with previously conducted WER studies. Thus, the timing of the sampling and testing may have to be adjusted based upon flow conditions. Grab samples of upstream lake water will be collected from the intake point, for use in the WER testing. The lake water will be refrigerated during a maximum 14 day holding period. Aliquots of lake water will be set aside for analysis of TOC,Conductivity,Alkalinity, Hardness,TSS,and total and dissolved copper. Effluent samples will be collected at the time of lake water collection and these will be sampled by Shearon Harris Nuclear Station personnel and provided to ETT. ETT will need station personnel to provide flow data for the effluent discharge for the day when the first effluent sample is collected. For each round of testing lake water and effluent will be mixed to match the results of the dilution model evaluation. As indicated above, dilutions will be based on dilution modeling results as agreed upon by NC DEQ. Laboratory water will be prepared by adding mineral water (Perrier) to ultra-pure (Type I) water in sufficient volume to achieve the desired hardness (50 mg/L as CaCO3 - as specified by SCDHEC). Laboratory water will be maintained a maximum of two weeks. Aliquots of laboratory water will be set aside for analysis of TOC,Alkalinity,Hardness,TSS, and total and dissolved copper. Once simulated water based on the dilution study is ready for use, six or more aliquots of the simulated water will be prepared. A stock solution of copper (typically 50 mg/L of the metal salt) will be prepared by adding the metal salt to deionized water. Copper will be added as copper sulfate, according to Appendix J of the Interim Guidance Document. One aliquot of the simulated water will be a control, with no aqueous metal added. Five or more concentrations of the aqueous metal in simulated water will be prepared, using a dilution factor of no greater than 0.7. Concentrations will be set so that the middle concentration will be close to the expected threshold toxicity value, with two concentrations at a higher concentration and two concentrations at a lower concentration. A typical series for copper in simulated water for fathead minnow testing would be 0, 50, 71, 102, 146, 208, 297, 425 ug/L. For acute toxicity tests only enough solution will be prepared for test initiation, as there will be no renewal. A sample of each metal concentration in simulated water will be set aside for total and dissolved metal at test initiation. Total metal samples will be preserved immediately with nitric acid. Dissolved metal samples will be filtered within 15 minutes and then preserved with nitric acid. In a similar manner, laboratory water(diluted mineral water)is prepared, with six or more aliquots set out. A stock solution of copper (typically 50 mg/L of the metal salt)will be prepared by adding the metal salt to deionized water. Copper will be added as copper sulfate, according to Appendix J of the Interim Guidance Document. One aliquot of the simulated water will be a control, with no aqueous metal added. Five or more concentrations of the aqueous metal in laboratory water will be prepared, using a dilution factor of no greater than 0.7. Concentrations will be set so that the middle will beclose to theexpected threshold toxicityvalue, with two concentrations at a higher concentration pg concentration and two concentrations at a lower concentration. A typical series for copper in laboratory water would be 0,35, 50, 71, 102, 146,208,297 ug/L.For acute toxicity tests only enough solution will be prepared for test initiation,as there will be no renewal.A sample of each metal concentration in laboratory water will be set aside for total and dissolved copper at test initiation.Total metal samples will be preserved immediately with nitric acid. Dissolved metal samples will be filtered within 15 minutes and then preserved with nitric acid. The primary species tested will be the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas). Acute toxicity tests will be conducted for this species. Laboratory will be prepared in the same manner as noted for the primary species. Tests using laboratory water and tests using simulated water will be run in parallel, starting and ending on the same day, using test organisms from the batch of fish. Fish to be used in the simulated water test will be hatched in the simulated water for acclimation, and used to start the test no more than 24 hours after hatching. Fish to be used in the laboratory water test will be hatched in the laboratory water for acclimation, and used to start the test no more than 24 hours after hatching. Acute toxicity tests will be 48 hours in length and use two replicates of ten test organisms at each test concentration. Test organisms are not fed during acute tests but are fed during the holding period prior to the test. Measured concentrations of total and dissolved metal are conducted on each test concentration at the beginning and end of the test and are preserved/filtered as noted above. Tests for the secondary species will be conducted using the test organism Ceriodaphnia dubia. Tests using laboratory water and tests using simulated water will be run in parallel, starting and ending on the same day,using test organisms from the same rows of stocks.Acute toxicity tests will be 48 hours in length and use fours replicate of five test organisms at each test concentration.Test organisms are not fed during acute tests but are fed during the holding period prior to the test. Measured concentrations of total and dissolved metal are conducted on each test concentration again at the end of test and are preserved/ filtered as noted above. Once all three rounds of testing with the primary species and the single round with the secondary species are completed and metal data are available, a water effect ratio will be calculated using both total and dissolved copper concentrations. For acute tests a 48 Hour LC50 will be determined for both the laboratory water and the simulated water. If there are at least two concentrations with partial mortality the probit method will be used, otherwise a non-linear regression model will be used to interpolate the EC50. If the highest concentration in either test shows less than 50% mortality, the tests will need to be repeated using higher test concentrations. Each 48 Hour LC50 value for the laboratory will be adjusted(normalized)to the same hardness as the simulated water.For chronic tests with the primary species, an EC50 value will be calculated. The EC50 is the standard test endpoint used by SCDHEC for WERs, however, alternatives such as an IC25 might be considered. EC50 values will be based on reproduction and will be calculated using a non-linear regression model as specified in SCDHEC methodology. The individual water effect ratio for each round of testing will be calculated as the ratio of the EC50 in simulated water / the EC50 in laboratory water. The final WER will be calculated according to the guidelines and formulas in the EPA Interim Procedure Document. The final WER is calculated using only the three individual WERs from the primary species. The WER from the secondary species is not used but is merely checked to verify that it differs by no more than a factor of 5 from the primary species WERs. If two Type I WERs are conducted and a single Type II WER is conducted, the final WER will be the lowest of the adjusted geometric mean of the Type I WERs and the lowest hWER. Division of Water Resources Serial: RA-19-0430 Enclosure 2 Harris Nuclear Plant and Harris Energy and Environmental Center NPDES Permit Number NC0039586 Mixing Zone Study Work Plan (8 pages including cover) new JACOBS Draft Memorandum 111 Corning Road,Suite 200 Cary,North Carolina 27518 United States T+1.919.859.5000 F+1.919.859.5151 www.jacobs.com Subject Mixing Zone Study Work Plan Prepared for: Shearon Harris Nuclear Plant(HNP) Duke Energy-Progress LLC(Duke Energy) Copy to: Bob Wilson/Duke Energy—HNP Don Safrit, PE/Duke Energy From CH2M HILL North Carolina, Inc.(a wholly owned subsidiary of Jacobs Engineering) Date October 10,2019 Introduction and Background This technical memorandum presents the work plan for performing a mixing zone study evaluating the dilution for use in subsequent toxicity testing and/or for calculations for allowable outfall dilution for application of dissolved water quality criteria for metals from Shearon Harris Nuclear Plant(HNP) into Shearon Harris Reservoir under NPDES Permit No. NC0039586, effective September 1, 2016. Conditions of the permit require compliance with total copper and total zinc limits by September 30, 2021. This work plan has been developed by CH2M HILL North Carolina, Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Jacobs Engineering)in response to the comments on the 2018 Water Effects Ratio (WER)Study received from the North Carolina Division of Water Resources (DWR)on July 16, 2019. In the letter DWR requests that a dye dispersion study or dilution modeling study be conducted so that the WER Study can be conducted in accordance with the Special Flowing-Water Situations described in Appendix F of the 1994 United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)Interim Guidance on Determination and Use of Water-Effect Ratios for Metals(EPA, 1994). The NPDES Permit requires toxicity testing and other effluent limits for Outfall 006 using a Chronic Test Concentration (CTC)of 100%, which does not incorporate any dilution within the Shearon Harris Reservoir. DWR has indicated that WER testing should have been conducted using some dilution with the receiving water and that a dilution model could be used to select appropriate dilutions. Duke Energy has agreed to conduct dilution studies for use in subsequent WER testing but also proposes that mixing zone study results can also be used to determine more appropriate CTCs for Outfall 006. The mixing zone study's analytical approach will rely on modeling the outfall and reservoir characteristics using the Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System (CORMIX)(Doneker and Jirka, 2007). Outfall Characteristics The NPDES Permit authorizes discharges from seven outfalls with designations from 001 through 007. Outfalls 001 to 005 are internal outfalls, which then combine as Outfall 006, which then discharges into the receiving water, Shearon Harris Reservoir. Outfall 007 is a discharge to Shearon Harris Reservoir from a wastewater facility serving the Harris Energy&Environmental Center. The proposed mixing study will focus on Outfall 006, which combines internal outfalls from cooling tower blowdown and the HNP radwaste treatment system. Outfall 006 is located towards the south end of Shearon Harris Reservoir near the point at the end of Bartley Holleman Road, as shown in Figure 1. The outfall structure is a single, 48-inch reinforced plastic pipe with head wall and riprap bed. A drawing showing the outfall structure is included as Attachment 1. The most recent effluent characterization results through June 2019 are documented in the Corrective Action Plan for Copper and Zinc for Harris Nuclear Plant NPDES Permit, Year 3 Activities Report(Duke Energy, 2019). , ,....--:"....,,,T, ——1.i."'" : t-r,7 1,' ----7 1 , , 4 Haw-, Ancl�ai . i ( P!ail —. , . 1 _. , . . .1 : , .... , ..„.. .,,, .. t , . „ . ,.. .. . ... , , ,, , , , . , ..._ #. .. I . • t .. w # %• a..„,. 4 ' ./ ' e ' i4" .+ ,, •, - r }>. r�1y+ M " t T '. ; 4>utiall006 ,w , Figure 1. Location Map of Shearon Harris Nuclear Plant and Surface Water Outfall 006 Methodology Based on the understanding of the request from DWR,the objective is to develop a Mixing Zone Study 1 technical report of the existing Duke Energy HNP wastewater discharge system for Outfall 006, determine the dilutions achieved by the discharge based on effluent flow records and the existing outfall configuration, assess dilution requirements for compliance with the permit conditions by September 30, 2021, confirm mixing zone boundaries for Outfall 006, and determine if there is a need for additional WER testing using the dilution suggested by the model. Analyses will be performed to document the dilution performance and mixing provided by the existing Duke Energy Outfall 006 for site-specific receiving water conditions. This discharge evaluation will be developed based on wastewater flow and chemistry data collected by Duke Energy since April 2017 and existing data sources for the Outfall 006 discharge site. No site- specific receiving water data will be collected as part of this mixing zone study. The available receiving water data (current velocities,water temperature and chemistry, and depth of discharge)will be used as inputs for the dilution modeling. The outfall dilution will be evaluated using an appropriate and representative model (CORMIX). Dilutions will be predicted for monthly average, maximum daily, and peak effluent flows and with seasonal receiving water conditions. Modeling Application The model that will be used for the mixing zone study is CORMIX v11.0. The CORMIX modeling system is detailed in the 2007 CORMIX User Manual, A Hydrodynamic Mixing Zone Model and Decision Support System for Pollutant Discharges into Surface Waters, developed for the EPA(Doneker and Jirka, 2007). It is a rule-based system that classifies the interaction of discharges and the receiving water. The CORMIX models use empirically-derived curve fit equations to make dilution predictions. These equations are selected from length scales determined from input parameters that are input by the user. The program makes many of the decisions for the model user based on the input parameters that are provided. It can simulate a variety of discharge conditions, including boundary interactions, such as bottom attachment and shoreline contact. The CORMIX modeling system consists of three models or modules: CORMIX 1,which is designed for submerged single port outfalls; CORMIX 2, which is designed for submerged multiport line diffusers; and CORMIX 3, which is designed for surface discharges. CORMIX 1 is the most appropriate selection for this application given the outfall configuration (Attachment 1). The model that best represents the existing outfall configuration will be selected to predict dilutions for the facility's discharge to the receiving water. Data for the model is input for four topics listed below. The checklist for data preparation included in the CORMIX User Manual will be used to gather the applicable variables: 1. Effluent properties 2. Ambient conditions 3. Discharge conditions 4. Mixing zone definitions The model output includes both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative output includes the processing record, length scale calculations, flow class description, and design recommendations. The quantitative output includes numerical flow predictions in a session summary report and a detailed prediction file. Reporting A Mixing Zone Study technical report will be prepared from the Outfall 006 discharge evaluation and mixing zone analyses, and it will include: • Discharge characteristics from the available effluent data • Modeling approach and assumptions • Modeling results, including outputs for all discharge scenarios • Evaluation of dilutions and recommendation for acute and chronic mixing zone boundaries • Recommendations for the application of these results with additional WER testing A meeting or a conference call will be held with Duke Energy and DWR to review the findings of the technical report, if needed. Schedule The estimated timeframe to complete the Mixing Zone Study is eight weeks, as shown in Figure 2. Week Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data Collection Modeling Report Development Figure 2. Shearon Harris Nuclear Plant Mixing Zone Study Work Plan Schedule References Doneker, R.L. and G.H. Jirka. 2007. CORMIX User Manual: A Hydrodynamic Mixing Zone Model and Decision Support System for Pollutant Discharges into Surface Waters", EPA-823-K-07-001, Dec. 2007. http://www.mixzon.com/downloads/. Duke Energy. 2019. Corrective Action Plan for Copper and Zinc for Harris Nuclear Plant NPDES Permit, Year 3 Activities Report. Submitted to North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality on August 29, 2019. United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). 1994. Interim Guidance on Determination and Use of Water-Effect Ratios for Metals. Prepared by Office of Water. February 1994. 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