NCG020679_COMPLETE FILE - HISTORICAL_20121002

STORMWATER DIVISION CODING SHEET
NCG PERMITS
PERMIT NO.
/V C& f0/7
DOC TYPE
CN' HISTORICAL FILE
❑ MONITORING REPORTS
DOC DATE
❑ (/1UI�IUU-A
YYYYMMDD

SHEL.T=R `REEK
LAME STONE
October 2°d, 2012
Mr. Bradley Bennett
Storm Water Permitting Unit Supervisors
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
Dear Mr. Bennett,
Ltllaa. Wiff1s
N
661-1
htA tM r
}nl0- 1nav� KO b
►^�-�'�-
C.�'d,
The third quarter water discharge report is enclosed herein. We are still
discharging less than 1,000,000 gallons per day on the average, which is one half
the quantity allowable per our permit.
My superintendent and myself did not find any sink holes along the State game
lands, or on either side of Highway 53 East. As you know, we check these areas
daily, per our mining permit.
The analytical data compiled by Environmental Chemists, who check our
discharge water, is enclosed with this report. As you can see, it is in limits for the
published guidelines from the State.
Please call me if you have any questions pertaining to this report.
Respectfully submitted,
�1f
Stephen Dorenda
CC: Ms. Ashely Rogers
Mr. Trent James
��� 16 Zp12
12121 NC Hwy 53 East Maple Hill, NC 28454
910-259-0601 * Fax [phone]
b�
OCT - 8 2012

IVIIf UXE Sj
i
Water Discharge Report
Calendar
Date
Water '
Temp
Water pH
Rain Gauge
RPM's
Hours Ran
Amount
Discharged
Date
Discharged
Sink Holes
7/1/2012
1,200
0.4
658,400
7/1/2012
NO
7/2/2012
I
0.39
1,500
8.5
420,000
7/2/2012
NO
7/3/2012
85.9
8.55
0.00
0
0.0
0
7/3/2012
NO
7/4/2012
0
0.0
0
7/4/2012
NO
7/5/2012
83.7
8.49
0.00
1,500
15.8
1,000,000
7/5/201.2
NO
7/6/2012
83.1
8.51
0.00
1,500
7.3
940,400
7/6/2012
NO
7/7/2012
83.0
8.51
0.00
1,500
8.9
747,600
7/7/2012
NO
7/8/2012
j
1,500
21.9
1,000,000
7/8/2012
NO
7/9/2012
83.5
8.55
0.00
1,500
4.7
1,000,000
7/9/2012
NO
7/10/2012
82.1
8.53
0.04
1,500
5.0
654,400
7/10/2012
NO
7/11/2012
81.3
8.56
0.43
1,200
23.8
1,000,000
7/11/2012
NO
7/12/2012
82.3 j
8.64
4.50
1,500
18.7
1,000,000
7/12/2012
NO
7/13/2012
80.6
8.41
0.02
1,300
23.2
1,000,000
7/13/2012
NO
7/14/2012
E
0.19
1,300
20.0
1,000,000
7/14/2012
NO
7/15/2012
I
0.00
0
0.0
1,000,000
7/15/2012
NO
7/16/2012
81.0
8.43
0.01
1,200
10.0
1,000,000
7/16/2012
NO
7/17/2012
81.0
8.62
0.00
0
0.0
1,000,000
7/17/2012
NO
7/18/2012
80.3
8.60
0.00
0
0.0
912,000
7/18/2012
NO
7/19/2012
81.3
8.57
0.00
1,500
10.5
882,000
7/19/2012
NO
7/20/2012
81.1
8.57
0.00
1,500
20.0
1,000,000
7/20/2012
NO
7/21/2012
E
80.6 i
8.61
0.00
1,500
7.0
1,000,000
7/21/2012
NO
7/22/2012
I
1,500
4.1
612,400
7/22/2012
NO
7/23/2012
79.6
8.61
0.25
1,200
23.1
1,000,000
7/23/2012
NO
7/24/2012
81.8
8.58
0.20
0
0.0
524,600
7/24/2012
NO
7/25/2012
81.1 i
8.65
0.06
0
0.0
0
NO
7/26/2012
81.1
8.66
0.00
1,500
12.5
1,000,000
7/26/2012
NO
7/27/2012
81.4
8.65
0.00
1,200
24.0
1,000,000
7/27/2012
NO
7/28/2012
1,200
8.5
1,000,000
7/28/2012
NO
7/29/2012
j
1,200
12.0
987,000
7/29/2012
NO
7/30/2012
82.6 j
8.76
1.76
1,200
22.9
1,000,000
7/30/2012
NO
7/31/2012
82.3 j
8.74
0.07
0
0.0
511,400
7/31/2012
NO

SHELTER CREEK
L'If1E Ej STONE
Water Discharge Report
Calendar
Date
Water
Temp
Water pH
Rain Gauge
RPM's
Hours Ran
Amount
Discharged
Date
Discharged
Sink Holes
8/1/2012
82.3
8.64
0.10
1,500
9.9
831,600
8/1/2012
NO
8/2/2012
81.2
8.63
0.27
1 1,200
2.0
1,000,000
8/2/2012
NO
8/3/2012
81.0
8.65
0.07
1,500
5.0
740,000
8/3/2012
NO
8/4/2012
1,500
17.0
1,000,000
8/4/2012
NO
8/5/2012
0
0.0
260,000
8/5/2012
NO
8/6/2012
82.1
8.62
0.19
1,500
16.0
1,000,000
8/6/2012
NO
8/7/2012
81.4
8.65
0.60
1,500
9.4
1,000,000
8/7/2012
NO
8/8/2012
0.53
1,500
5.8
620,800
8/8/2012
NO
8/9/2012
82.1
8.63
0.02
1,200
2.4
158,400
8/9/2012
NO
8/10/2012
82.0
8.64
0.00
1,200
7.3
481,800
8/10/2012
NO
8/11/2012
1,200
1.8
118,800
8/11/2012
NO
8/12/2012
1,200
4.3
283,800
8/12/2012
NO
8/13/2012
79.9
8.40
1.08
1,200
20.0
1,000,000
8/13/2012
NO
8/14/2012
80.2
8.46
0.00
1,500
23.3
1,000,000
8/14/2012
NO
8/15/2012
79.8
8.41
0.00
0
0.0
1,000,000
8/15/2012
NO
8/16/2012
80.5
8.65
0.02
1,200
24.0
1,000,000
8/16/2012
NO
8/17/2012
80.3
8.65
0.00
0
0.0
277,200
8/17/2012
NO
8/18/2012
0.00
1,400
23.0
1,000,000
8/18/2012
NO
8/19/2012
0.00
1,200
24.0
1,000,000
8/19/2012
NO
8/20/2012
79.8
8.62
1.38
1,200
5.7
1,000,000
8/20/2012
NO
8/21/2012
79.2
8.64
0.32
1,200
20.0
1,000,000
8/21/2012
NO
8/22/2012
78.9
8.59
0.03
1,200
7.2
925,400
8/22/2012
NO
8/23/2012
78.9
8.65
0.03
1,200
6.5
429,000
8/23/2012
NO
8/24/2012
79.4
8.60
0.25
1,500
5.9
495,600
8/24/2012
NO
8/25/2012
1,500
8.0
672,000
8/25/2012
NO
8/26/2012
1,200
24.0
1,000,000
8/26/2012
NO
8/27/2012
75.2
8.60
0.28
1,200
12.0
1,000,000
8/27/2012
NO
8/28/2012
77.2
8.63
0.03
1,200
20.0
1,000,000
8/28/2012
NO
8/29/2012
75.7
8.59
3.00
1,300
10.4
1,000,000
8/29/2012
NO
8/30/2012
76.0
8.56
0.02
1,300
20.3
1,000,000
8/30/2012
NO
8/31/2012
76.7
8.62
0.00
1,300
20.9
1,000,000
8/31/2012
NO

SHEI..rTEM CREEK
L'InE EA STONE
Water Discharge Report
Calendar
Date
Water
Temp
Water pH
Rain Gauge
RPM's
Hours Ran
Amount
Discharged
Date
Discharged
Sink Holes
9/1/2012
1,300
10.0
1,000,000
9/1/2012
NO
9/2/2012
1,300
14.0
1,000,000
9/2/2012
NO
9/3/2012
1,300
24.0
1,000,000
9/3/2012
NO
9/4/2012
79..2
8.55
0.75
1,500
6.0
1,000,000
9/4/2012
NO
9/5/2012
78.0
8.64
0.00
0
0.0
1,000,000
9/5/2012
NO
9/6/2012
78.9
8.66
0.00
1,500
10.0
1,000,000
9/6/2012
NO
9/7/2012
78.1
8.49
0.60
1,500
5.9
858,200
9/7/2012
NO
9/8/2012
1,500
20.0
1,000,000
9/8/2012
NO
9/9/2012
1,500
20.0
1,000,000
9/9/2012
NO
9/10/2012
74.5
8.55
1.45
1,200
9.3
1,000,000
9/10/2012
NO
9/11/2012
76.5
8.68
0.00
1,200
8.5
1,000,000
9/11/2012
NO
9/12/2012
74.0
8.17
0.03
1,300
5.3
1,000,000
9/12/2012
NO
9/13/2012
74.3
8.62
0.00
1,500
9.5
829,600
9/13/2012
NO
9/14/2012
74.1
8.59
0.00
1,300
9.5
684,000
9/14/2012
NO
9/15/2012
1,200
24.0
1,000,000
9/15/2012
NO
9/16/2012
1,200
20.0
1,000,000
9/16/2012
NO
9/17/2012
75.3
8.52
0.05
0
0.0
904,400
9/17/2012
NO
9/18/2012
75.0
8.49
0.04
1,200
10.9
719,400
9/18/2012
NO
9/19/2012
72.0
8.52
0.72
1,300
15.0
1,000,000
9/19/2012
NO
9/20/2012
73.3
8.60
0.02
1,300
6.5
548,000
9/20/2012
NO
9/21/2012
1,500
8.7
730,800
9/21/2012
NO
9/22/2012
1,500
20.0
1,000,000
9/22/2012
NO
9/23/2012
0
0.0
680,000
9/23/2012
NO
9/24/2012
74.4
8.70
0.00
1,500
14.5
1,000,000
9/24/2012
NO
9/25/2012
72.6
8.71
0.00
0
0.0
218,000
9/25/2012
NO
9/26/2012
74.6
8.68
0.00
1,200
20.5
1,000,000
9/26/2012
NO
9/27/2012
71.1
8.73
0.00
1,200
8.4
907,400
9/27/2012
NO
9/28/2012
73.6
8.69
0.00
1,200
4.0
264,000
9/28/2012
NO
9/29/2012
1,200
20.0
1,000,000
9/29/2012
NO
9/30/2012
1,200
0.0
320,000
9/30/2012
NO

}1 Environmental Chemists, Inc.
p _1 p t 11� 6602 Windmill Way • Wilmington, NIC 28,105
(yln) 392-0233 (l_ab) [phone] (,Fa,)
710 Bnwsertown 1031i `C 27954
(2552)•173-5702
ANALYTICAL & CONSULTING
CHEMISTS NCDE\R: D%VQ) CERTIFICATE #,)4. UL.S CEIZTIFICAT E 437721
Shelter Creek Quarry Date of Report: Sep 12, 2012
12121 Hwy 53 E Customer PO #:
Maple Hill NC 28454 Report #: 2012-10063
Attention: Stephen Dorenda Report to: Stephen Dorenda
Project ID: Quarry Effluent (quarterly)
Lab ID Sample ID: Effluent Collect Date/Time Matrix Sampled by
12-24786 Site:
Test Method
Turbidity SM 2130 e
Residue Suspended (TSS) SM 2540 0
Residue Settleable (SS) SM 2540 F
Temperature SM 2550 B
9/6/2012 10:00 AM Water Zach Owen
Results Date Analyzed
11.6 NTU 09107/2012
9.0 mq/L 09/10/2012
<0.1 m I/L 09/06/2012
27.1 C 09/06/2012
pH SM 4500 H B 8.04 units 09/06/2012
Comment:
Reviewed by:&PAK- / ^
Report #:: 2012-10063 Page I of 1

Analytical & Consulting Chemists
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTS, INC
NCDENR: DWO CERTIFICATION # 94 NCDHHS: DLS CERTIFICATION # 3T729
COLLECTION AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY
6602 Windmill Way Wilmington, NC 28405
OFFICE: 910-92-0223 FAX [phone]
Info @environ mentaichem ists. corn
CLIENT: t C QeK- CLa f(-
PROJECT NAME:
REPORT NO: Id Co
ADDRESS:
CONTACT NAME:
PO NO:
REPORT TO:
PHONEIFAX:
COPY TO:
email:
Sampled By: SAMPLE TYPE: I = Influent, E = Effluent, W = Well, ST = Stream, SO = Soil, SL = Sludge, Other:
Sample Identification
Collection
a
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a s
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c cr
2
PRESERVATION
ANALYSIS REQUESTED
Date
Time
Temp
:
$
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C
P
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C
P
G
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Transfer
Relinquished By:_
DatelTime
Received By:
DateMme
1.
2.
Temperature when
Delivered By:2-4
Comments:
le Requested:
q "o ,�- Time: /LI;
TURNAROUND:

Print,dls form to PDF Return PDF of this form to DLR CO by email. cc DLR RO and OWQ SPU
MINING PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW FORM
for the
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
THIS SECTION TO BE FILLED OUT BY DLR:
Project Name: Shelter Creek Quarry DLR Permit #: 71-45 County: Pender Address:[e-mail]
YES NO Date Commencing
Is this mine a new mine? F 2007
Have land disturbing activities
started? Date? I— 2007
Latitude- 34.6350 Longitude:-77.7513
Please return comments to (at DLR CO): Judy Wehner
Comments due by: 519111
SECTION BELOW TO BE FILLED OUT BY DWQ:
Is the RO concerned that the operation, as proposed, would violate standards of water quality? 11yo �XS
Comments:-t5fAv�skrA a-v, ULPAQ a D-J- vn -U""k
Watershed/Stream Name & Classification:tioCL`s
C-Sw Cr=RB
DWQ Compliance Status of Mine: Y100€ -' p� rar-L� Cn � C"
Linn L- nn t, , � nn � ff-- wDA
YES NO
NPDES permit required?
NPDES permit existing?
f�7--(Permit # NC&7o )20La9
r
If an NPDES permit is not required, is DWQ
still concerned about wetland degradation
`
by dewatering?
Should permittee contact DWQ RO
immediately?
LK&Lo
(e.g. to schedule a site visit if
RO Contact Name: l s
�-
mine has already begun digging or is
Contact Reason:
dewatering without DWQ permit)
401 Wetland Cert. required?
ILI
401 Wetland Cert. existing?
r Permit #
r
Does DWQ RO currently have enough
information to determine if'a 401
certification is required?
Rev September 2010

Print this form to PDF
Return PDF of this form to DLR CO by email. cc DLR RO and DWQ SPU
YES NO
Are wetlands disturbed at this site?
nj
Does DWQ RO suspect or know of nearby
wetlands to the site?
Is a wetland delineation required prior to
U By: �iJD or`Consultant
DWQ issuing the permit?
: Onsite? Or �off site?
Stream Determination Needed?
r
Imo!
Stream Determination Completed?
Does DWQ RO need a statement that no
wetlands/streams are disturbed
r
IV_-,
for this project from applicant?
Buffer Determination Needed?
Er
Buffer Determination Completed?
r
r
Recycle system permit existing?*
Permit #
New Recycle System permit required?*
r
t�
Enough information to determine?
Non -discharge permit existing?*
Permit #
Will wastewaters discharge to HQW waters
r
7Q10
Unknown (permittee determine): r
with a 7010=0? **
Flow:
r Has Violation
r - O&M Requirements
Does DWQ require DLR to hold the permit
DWQ it further
r HQW/7Q10 Concerns
(e.g. so can review or
© Other. Reason:
because DWQ requires more information)?
RO contact:
Hold Until:
Mine must wait to dewater until an O&M
r
plan is approved?
*The NPD1; S SW and WW permit NCG020000 covers closed -loop recycle systems designed to exclude all stormwater run-off from
the system and operate at or below two -feet of freeboard. These systems may be perrrritted by a Non-dischame Recycle System
Permit from the Aquifer Protection Section (APS) OR may instead be permitted under NCG020000 to eliminate an additional permit.
Recvcle systems that do not meet those criteria are considered discharaina systems, and are subiect to the NCG020000 dischame
permit.
**To obtain 7Q10 flows, permittees must contact the DWQ Stormwater Permitting Unit. If DWQ does not have a flow estimate fora
specific stream, permittees will be asked to obtain one. Permittees should contact J. Curtis Weaver at the USGS: 919-571-4043, for
more information on obtaining a 7Q10 flow. USGS will not determine a 7Q10 flow for tidally influenced water bodies.
Reviewed by:
DWQ RO Surface Water: V-vV Regional Office: 11�t (21:!, Date: 1 2011 i�rSz 4�1t9L n�
RO Aquifer Protection Section: Regional Office: Date:
SPU DWQ Central Office Reviewer (if applicable):
Rev September 2010

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
WIRO Regional Office
SECTION /SWP
NAME
FILE ACCESS RECORD
DATEFFIME
REPRESENTING
ISZ - Z 7 i/
Guidelines for Access: The staff of the Regional Office is dedicated to making public records in our
custody readily available to the public for review and copying. We also have the responsibility to the public
to safeguard these records and to carry out our day-to-day program obligations. Please read carefully the
following before signing the form.
1. Due to the large public demand for file access, we request that you call at least a day in,
advance to schedule an appointment for fife review so you can be accommodated.
Appointments are scheduled_be__tween 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Viewing time ends at 4:45
p.m. Anyone arriving without an appointment may view the files to the extent that time and
staff supervision are available.
2. You must specify files you want to review by facility name or incident number, as
appropriate. The number of files that you may review at one appointment will be limited to
five.
3. You may make copies of a file when the copier is not in use by the staff and if time permits.
There is no charge for 25 or less copies.; cost er copy after the initial 25 is 2.5 per copy.
Payment is to be made by check, money order, or cash in the administrative offices.
4. Files must be kept in the order you received"them. Files may not be taken from the office.
No briefcases, large totes et_c._are permitted in the file review area. To remove, alter,
deface, mutilate, or destroy material in public files is a misdemeanor for which you can be
fined up to $500.00.
5. In accordance with GS 25-3-512, a $25.00 processing fee will be charged and collected for
checks on which payment has been refused.
6. The customer must present a photo ID, sign -in, and receive a visitor sticker prior to
reviewing files.
FACILITY NAME
1. S� tom/
2.
3.
4.
5.
Signature/Name of Firma or Business Date
(Please attach business card to form if available)
# Copes: Amt. Pd-.
Time In
COUNTY
a r,�.
Time "At

NC®ENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Beverly Eaves Perdue Coleen H. Sullins Dee Freeman
Governor Director Secretary
March 4, 2011
Stephen C. Holland
Shelter Creek Quarry
12121 NC Highway 53 E
Burgaw, NC 28425
Subject: Compliance Evaluation Inspection
NPDES Permit NCG020000
Shelter Creek Quarry, Pender County
Certificate of Coverage NCG020679
Dear Mr. Holland,
A compliance evaluation inspection was conducted on December 16, 2010. The site'visit was
conducted to determine whether the facility is in compliance with permit requirements. Enclosed is the
compliance inspection report and a copy of the renewed permit issued in ,January 2010.
The compliance status of the Shelter Creels Quarry mine site is considered to be non compliant based
upon on a review of the monitoring well data. It was determined that the operation and monitoring plan
for this site will require, modifications. This office has requested all monitoring well data recorded during
the year 2011. This data was requested of the new owners.
Please contact this office should you have any questions concerning the inspection report enclosed.
You may contact me at 910-796-7343.
CC: DWQ WiRO NCG020 Pender
DWQ CO Files
Wiimington Regional Office
127 Cardinal Drive Extension Wilmington, NC 28405
Phone: 9t0-796-7215 / FAX:[phone]
Internet: www.ncwateralif.orn
Sincerely,
Linda Willis
Wilmington Regional Office
Division of Water Quality
Surface Water Protection Section
One
Northi -Lrofina
naturally
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer
50%Recycled/10 o Post Consumer raper
Customer Service 1-877-623-6748

Compliance Inspection Report
Permit: NCG020679 Effective: 01/01/10 Expiration: 12/31/14 Owner: Shelter Creek Quarry LLC
SOC: Effective: Expiration: Facility: Shelter Creek Quarry - Maple H4I
County: Pender 12121 NC Hwy 53 E
Region: Wilmington
Surgaw INC 28425
Contact Person: Stephen C Holland Title: Phone: [phone]
Directions to Facility:
Property is on the SE side of NC-53. Approx. 3.5 miles SW of the NC-53 and NC-50 Intersection.
System Classifications:
Primary ORC: Certification: Phone:
Secondary ORC(s):
On -Site Representative(s):
Related Permits:
Inspection Date: 12/1612010 Entry Time: 01:30 PM Exit Time: 03:00 PM
Primary Inspector: Linda Willis Phone: [phone]
Secondary Inspector(s):
Reason for Inspection: Routine Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation
Permit Inspection Type: Mining Activities Stormwater Discharge COC
Facility Status: 0 Compliant ® Not Compliant
Question Areas:
® Storm Water
(See attachment summary)
Page: 1

Permit: NCG020679 Owner - Facility: Shelter Creek Quarry LLC
Inspection Date: 12/16/2010 Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit: Routine
Inspection Summary:
DWQ has requested monitoring well data for year 2010. A written stormwater pollution prevention plan will be due on
January1, 2012. You do not have to provide this office with a copy. The plan should be kept at the mine site for review
during the next compliance evaluation inspection.
Qualitative Monitoring
Yes
No
NA
NE
Has the facility conducted its Qualitative Monitoring semi-annually?
®
Cl
Q
D
Comment:
Analytical Monitoring
Yes
No
NA
NE
Has the facility conducted its Analytical monitoring?
®
0
Q
Q
# Has the facility conducted its Analytical monitoring from Vehicle Maintenance areas?
❑
El
Comment:
Permit and Outfalls
Yes
No
NA
NE
# is a copy of the Permit and the Certificate of Coverage available at the site?
®
Q
Q
0
# Were all outfalls observed during the inspection?
®
C!
Q
Q
# If the facility has representative outfall status, is it'properly documented by the Division?
❑
0
■
❑
# Has the facility evaluated all illicit (non stormwater) discharges?
❑
❑
®
❑
Comment: The wetland monitoring data had been reviewed by Rick Shiver, Regional
Supervisor, in January, 2011. He indicated that the monitoring well data was not
supportive in demonstrating wetland hydrology. A new O & M would be required of the
new owners who have recently purchased the mine site. The new owners held a
meeting with Regional Supervisor (Rick) and Wetland Specialist, Joanne Steenhuis, to
discuss the change in ownership and. wetland issues.
Page: 2

From: Georgoulias, Bethany
Sent: Monday, January 31, 2011 4:40 PM
To: Willis, Linda
Subject: Shelter Creek Quarry Letter
Hi Linda,
We just received the attached letter from Stephen Dorenda about Shelter Creek Quarry. I'm not familiar with the
flooding event (but then, I was in the hospital having a baby on those dates!) Buried in there at the end is a request to
not replace monitoring wells. When you have a chance, could you call me to discuss? I know you're pretty familiar with
this site. I just wanted to talk about how we should proceed.
Thanks!
Bethany
Bethany Georgoulias
Environmental Engineer
NCDENR I DWQ j Stormwater Permitting Unit
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
512 N. Salisbury St, Raleigh, NC 27604
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
NEW Website: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ws/su
E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the North Carolina Public
Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties.

E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the North Carolina Public
Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties.
From: Willis, Linda
Sent: Wednesday, February 02, 2011 1:10 PM
To: Georgoulias, Bethany
Subject: RE: Shelter Creek Quarry Letter
Don't bother scanning.. I wouldn't get to look at it any time real soon, but Rick wanted it. If it's too much to copy ..I can
have them send us a courtesy copy. Did you all get an ownership transfer request? They sold this facility. Rick was not
up for supporting transfer until we rec'd that data. I had asked for it last month from S. dorenda. I'll contact him and
have him forward us a copy of the data.
THX
From: Georgoulias, Bethany
Sent: Wednesday, February 02, 2011 11:22 AM
To: Willis, Linda
Subject: RE: Shelter Creek Quarry Letter
Sorry I couldn't get to this before now; I hope Brian helped with your question. I'll call you this afternoon on Shelter
Creek. The well data from Oct 2009-10 was attached —just too much to scan. I can forward that. -Bg
Bethany Georgoulias
Environmental Engineer
NCDENR [ DWQ I Stormwater Permitting Unit
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
512 N. Salisbury St, Raleigh, NC 27604
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
NEW Website: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wgtws/su
E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the North Carolina Public
Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties.
From: Willis, Linda
Sent: Wednesday, February 02, 2011 10:10 AM
To: Georgoulias, Bethany
Cc: Shiver, Rick
Subject: RE: Shelter Creek Quarry Letter
Bethany,
Unless we have notification from the USACOE which wetlands they are approving for impacts for those that are
presently being monitored, we couldn't support that request. So far, I have no information from the USACOE.
Regardless of whether a 404 is given, the State has to approve impacts. I don't think we are at that point yet. Maybe
Joanne (or Rick) can clarify. We'll likely request a new 0 & M, but until then, they must replace and maintain the MWs
they lost and get back on schedule monitoring those wetlands. We will need more information than what is provided
herein if we are to approve any modifications to the existing plan. We also have requested monitoring well data for the
past year.. have not received yet. Call me if you wish. I have a meeting from 11 to 1, 1 need to visit with you prior to
that meeting to talk about what information we require (specifically) for A to C approval for ready mix concrete facility
settling basins.
Thanks
Linda

Ian, I think I heard you mention Shelter Creek a couple of times in the last few weeks. Just wanted you to be aware of
their request to us. Linda Willis has advised me to deny their permission to remove GW monitoring wells, particularly
since we don't have any revised O&M Pumping Plan from them yet. We didn't have any info. on the 401 that might be
pending... their letter here just happens to mention a USCOE wetland permit. If you know anything about this project,
maybe you can catch me up a bit on it. I'll copy you on the letter we put together.
Thanks!
Bethany
Bethany Georgoulias
Environmental Engineer
NCDENR I DWQ I Stormwater Permitting Unit
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
512 N. Salisbury St, Raleigh, NC 27604
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
NEW Website: htfp-.Hportal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ws/su
E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the North Carolina Public
Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties.
From: Georgoulias, Bethany
Sent: Wednesday, February 02, 2011 4:34 PM
To: Willis, Linda
Cc: Bennett, Bradley; Sprinkle, Dina; Shiver, Rick
Subject: RE: Shelter Creek Quarry Letter
Hi Linda,
As we talked about today, I'll draft up a response to Shelter Creek letting them know that: (1) we cannot approve their
request to not replace monitors they've lost, or to remove the ones on NC State gamelands, until we see a revised O&M
Plan (per 1/27/2011 letter to us), esp. given the pending USCOE permit; and (2) you're going to be requesting a copy of
the pump log data be sent to the WiRO.
For Bradley's benefit here, you indicated Rick observed impacts to wetlands in the data he saw from 2007-09, but that
we didn't have any baseline data for "pre -mine" conditions because they pushed for the NCG02 permit right away and
began digging (not necessarily dewatering?) once they got it. We allowed the O&M finalization and approval to lag the
NCG02 COC issuance.
I have not seen a transfer of ownership request, and BIMS hasn't been changed for NCG020679 (still owned by Shelter
Creek LLC). I'll copy Dina on this so she knows to hold it if a request comes in, until Wilmington has reviewed these
data. But, I'm not sure if we can really hold a request up if the purchase and transfer has already actually happened?
Linda, did 1 get that right? I'll write up a letter if so.
Thanks, Bg
Bethany Georgoulias
Environmental Engineer
NCDENR I DWQ I Stormwater Permitting Unit
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
512 N. Salisbury St, Raleigh, NC 27604
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
NEW Website: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ws/su

��
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and
Division of Water Quality
Beverly Eaves Perdue Coleen H. Sullins
Governor Director
February 7, 2011
Mr. Stephen Dorenda
c/o Shelter Creek Capital, LLC
12121 NC Highway 53 East
Maple Hill, NC 28454
Subject:
Dear Mr. Dorenda:
Natural Resources
Dee Freeman
Secretary
General Permit COC No. NCG020679
Shelter Creek Quarry
Request to Remove Monitoring Wells
Pender County
We received your letter of January 27, 2011 on Shelter Creek Quarry's behalf on January 31, 2011. Your letter
explained actions taken in response to heavy rains and flooding between September 27-29, 2010. You also requested
(1) DWQ's approval to remove four groundwater monitoring wells from state-owned game lands, and (2) permission
to not replace all other monitors that were either destroyed by the recent flood or other incidents. We have
contacted the Wilmington Regional Office (WiRO) about your requests.
DWQ cannot allow removal of existing monitoring wells or grant approval for not replacing lost monitors at this
time. Until a revised Pumping Operation and Monitoring (O&M) Plan for Shelter Creek Quarry is submitted to DWQ's
regional office for review and approval, we do not have adequate information to support this request. Your letter also
mentioned that the quarry is "just a few weeks away" from getting a U.S. Corp of Engineers' wetland permit but did
not provide details about planned impacts. In light of these changes, it is critical to revise the quarry's Pumping O&M
Plan.
The Central Office will consult with the regional office staff prior to approval of any future requests. If you have
any questions about this letter, please contact Bethany Georgoulias at telephone number [phone] or via e-mail
at [e-mail]. You may also contact Linda Willis in Wilmington at telephone number (910) 796-
7343.
cc: Wilmington Regional Office/ Linda Willis
Stormwater Permitting Unit Files
Wetlands and Stormwater Branch
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
Location: 512 N. Salisbury St. Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone] Customer Service: 1-877-623-6748
Internet: www.ncwalerquality.org
An Equal Opportunity 1 Affirmative Action Employer
Sincerely,
Bethany Georgbulias,
Environmental Engineer, Stormwater Permitting Unit
NorthCarolina
Naturally

Steenhuis, Joanne
From: Willis, Linda
Sent: Thursday, February 03, 2011 4:47 PM
To: Steenhuis, Joanne
Subject: FW: Shelter Creek Quarry Letter
FYI
From: Georgoulias, Bethany
Sent. Thursday, February 03, 2011 11:14 AM
To: Willis, Linda
Cc: Bennett, Bradley
Subject: FW: Shelter Creek Quarry Letter
FYI. Ian said this one had been hanging around for years, so it's been in house for a while. And, it is a large impact, so
they definitely need to modify their Pumping O&M Plan.
Bethany Georgoulias
Environmental Engineer
NCDENR I DWQ I Stormwater Permitting Unit
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
512 N. Salisbury St, Raleigh, NC 27604
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
NEW Website: http:Ilportal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ws/su
E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the North Carolina Public
Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties.
From: Mcmillan, Ian
Sent: Thursday, February 03, 2011 11:07 AM
To: Georgoulias, Bethany
Subject: RE: Shelter Creek Quarry Letter
Bethany, I issued that 401 Water Quality Certification on Tuesday, February 1, 2011. - Ian
Ian J. McMillan, PWS, LISP
Acting Supervisor - Wetlands, Buffers, Stormwater, Compliance and Permitting Unit (WeBSCaPe)
NCDENRIDivision of Water Quality - Wetlands and Stormwater Branch
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Office: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: ian.mcmillanru')nedenr.eov
E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to the
North Carolina Public Records Law and may be disclosed to third parties.
From: Georgoulias, Bethany
Sent: Thursday, February 03, 2011 9:45 AM
To: Mcmillan, Ian
Cc: Willis, Linda
Subject: FW: Shelter Creek Quarry Letter
FYI —

Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
Nc�o2oi�-79
Oct. 30, 2009
Mr. Bradley Bennett
Storm Water Permitting Unit Supervisor
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
Dear Mr. Bennett,
During the last quarter we have had significant rainfall in our area of operations.
Consequently, the wells that are operating have shown water in all of the -monitoring areas. All
wetlands without monitoring wells in place have water showing with some depth that can visually
be seen. It is evident by visual and well data monitoring that we have not disrupted the wetlands
with our central pumping station on the mine site!
All of the tested water shows stable water quality and the pumped quantities remains stable
also.
Mark Greenway, the quarry foreman, and myself inspect the entire boundaries of the
mining property and have not found any sink holes.
The monitoring probes from well 4's 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 16, & 18 have been sent back to the
manufacturer to have the circuit boards replaced. We will be replacing well numbers 1, 3, & 13 with
repaired probes the week of November 2.d. All collected results from functioning wells are included
for your perusal.
I will be happy to answer any questions and will address comments should you have any.
Pumping logs and analytical data have been included.
Respectfully submitted,
Stephen Dorenda
cc: Ms. Linda Willis

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ANALYTICAL & CONSULTING
CHEMISTS
Customer:
SHELTER CREEK QUARRY, LLC
8315 Hwy 53 East
Burgaw, NC 28425
Attn: Steve Holland
Envirmnmen a Chemists, Inc.
6602 Windmill Way • Wilmington, NC 28405
[phone] (Lab) • [phone] (Fax)
710 Sowsertown Road • Manteo, NC 27954
[phone]
NCDENR: DWQ CERTIFICATE #94. DLS CERTIFICATE #377729
REPORT OF ANALYSIS
Date Sampled: 09/16/09
Sampled By: Zach Owen (Envirochem)
WASTEWATER: EFFLUENT
Date of Report: September 23, 2009
Purchase Order #:
Report Number: 9-8824
Parameter
ID # 22337
Date Analyzed
Settleable Solids, SS ml/L
SM 2540 F
< 0-1
09/16/09
Total Suspended Solids, TSS mg/L
SM 2540 D
3
09/18/09
Turbidity, NTU
SM 2130 B
3.5
09/16/09
pH, units (field)
Zach Owen
SM 4500 I�B
7.77
09/16/09
Certificate 994
Comments:
Reviewed by

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Sample Type: Influent (1), Effluent (E), Well (W), Stream (s), Other
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Sample T e
Sample Location
Time Collected
Time Anal zed
oq. 5 7
H, units
7.77
H, units(du licate)
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Duplicate pH readings must be within f 0.1 units, pH and Chlorine must be analyzed within 15
min. of collection. D.O. anal ed immediatel .
D.O. m
Chlorine residual u L
Tem erature, ° C
D.O Calibration Make: Model:
Time Calibrated
Air Calibration
Adjusted
Calibration
Comment
nH Calibration Make: \N4 � ' , Model: S�W
Time Calibrated
pH 4 Buffer
Calibration
pH 10 Buffer
Calibration
pH Buffer
Check
Comment
✓
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Return Trip Check
U
Chlorine Calibration Make: Model:
Time Standard 1 Standard 2 TStaidard 3 Mid- Range Standard
Calibrated ( } mg/L ( mg/L.mg/L True Value Reading % Recovery
m L m L
Annual Standard Curve for
Ran on by
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTS, INC
Sample Collection and Chain of Custod
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Sample Type: I = Influent, E = Effluent. W =Well. ST =Stream, SO =Soil, SL-- Sludge Other:
6602 Windmill Way
Wilmington, NC 28405
Phone: [phone]
Fax [phone]
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Collect samples March, June,September, December
Transfer
Relinquished By:
Date/Time
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Date/Time
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Temperature whe Received: 3, V Accepted: � e, cted: Resample Requested:
Delivered By: ,ec,� i Received By �j �u Date: Time: fL) ,3G

Southern Environmental Group, Inc.
5315 South College Road, Suite E
Wilmington, North Carolina 28412
910.452.2711 (office) - 910.452.2899 (fax)
Transmittal Letter
Date: 22 October 2009
To: Ms. Joanne Steenhuis
Of: DWQ — 401 Unit
Attached you will find:*
SEGi Project #: 06-010.01
Client Name: Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
USACOE Action ID#: SAW-2008-1720
❑ Proposal ❑ Sketch(es) ❑ IP Application ❑ Signed Wetland Map ❑ Photo(s)
❑ JD Package ❑ Report(s) ❑ Plans ® Information Requested ❑ Other
Copies
Dated
Description
1
13 October 2009
Response to Agencies RFAI and accompanying attachments.
These are being delivered:
® For your Review/Comment
❑ Corrected and Returned
❑ Other:
*If noted items are NOT attached, please contact our office.
❑ For your Records ❑ Returned for Correction(s)
❑ For your Signature ❑ As Requested
By: ❑ Hand Delivery ❑ Fed -Ex ❑ UPS ® Regjl� ^119
Notes: OCT-2-3-2009
Joanne,
BY:
For various reasons, the attached document does not provide a clearly defined path as to how the Appl0a—n
mitigation. However, it is it is SEGi's sincere hope that other concerns have been addressed and the mitigation component of the permit
will fall into place within a short period of time. I ask that you review the information and provide feedback on what has been submitted
thus far. Thank you for you time and understanding. We look forward to hearing from you.
RECT OCT 12 2009
Signature and (Typed) Name: Dana Lutheran
Date: 22 O'ctob 2 9

Environmental Chemists, Inc.
6602 Windmill Way • Wilmington, NC 28405
[phone] (Lab) • [phone] (Fax)
710 Bowsertown Road • Manteo, NC 27954
[phone]
NCDENR: DWQ CERTIFICATE ##94. DiS CERTIFICATE f#37729
Customer:
SHELTER CREEK QUARRY, LLC
8315 Hwy 53 East
Burgaw, NC 28425
Attn: Steve Holland
REPORT OF ANALYSIS
Date Sampled: 6-3-09
Sampled By: ZACH OWEN (Envirochem)
WASTEWATER: EFFLUENT
Date of Report: June 19, 2009
Purchase Order #:
Report Number: 9-4898
Parameter
Date
ID # 12591
ID # 12592
Analyzed
Settleable Solids, SS mVL
< 0.1i
06/03/09
SM 2540 F
Total Suspended Solids, TSS mg/L
4
Fr
ryr 06/05/09
SM 2540 D
Turbidity, NTU
SM 2130 B
4.0
06/04/09
pH, units (field),
Zach Owen'
SM 4500 H+B
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7.49
06/03/09
Certificate
#94
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Comments:
Reviewed
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTS, INC
Sample Collection and Chain of Custody
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6602 Windmill Way
Wilmington., NC 28405
Phone: [phone]
Fax (9I0) 392.4424
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E = Mi'Iuen W =We ST =Stream
SO =Soil SL= Slud a Other:
Sample Identification
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Transfer Relinquished By:
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Date/Time
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Temperature when R eived: Accepted:_ Rejected: Resample Requested:
Delivered By: Received By: Date: G-3 '0g Time: /�•'/ s
F

S61
Southern Environmental Group, Inc.
5315 South College Road, Suite E
Wilmington, North Carolina 28412
910.452,2711 (office) • 910.452.2899 (fax)
Date: January 23, 2009
To: Ms. Joanne Steenhuis
Of: DWQ — 401 Permitting Unit
Attached you will find:*
❑ Proposal ❑ Sketch(es)
❑ JD Package ❑x Report(s)
Transmittal Letter
SEGi Project # 06-010.01
Client Name' Sheller Greek Quarry, LLC
DWQ Project #; 08-1555
WM J A N 2 6 2009
❑ IP Application ❑ Signed Wetland Map ❑ Photo(s)
❑ Plans ❑ Information Request ❑ Other
Copies
Dated
Description
1
5/07 - 9/08
Shelter Creek Quarry Monitoring Well Data CD
" tf noted items are NOT attached, please contact our office.
These are being delivered:
❑x For your Review/Comment x❑ For your Records ❑ Returned for Correction(s)
❑ Corrected and Returned ❑ For your Signature ❑ As Requested
❑ Other:
By: © Hand Delivery ❑ Fed -Ex ❑ UPS ❑ Regular Mail ❑ Other
Notes:
Should you need further assistance please call our office at 910.452.2711 and ask for David Scibetta.
Signature and (Typed) Name: Dana A. Lutheran
Date: January 23, 2009

Colnpul'or- � 9j 0.9
N.C. DIVISION OF..WATER QUALITY.
Water Quality Section
Complaint/Emergency Report Form
WILMINGTON REGIONAL OFFICE
Received by
Emergency Complaintr)OC. City County,
Time c 30'!'�
Report Received From_q
Agency Phone No.
FA
Address Phone No.
Check One. Fish 1911 SpX Bypass Animal NPDES N.D.
Stormwater Wetland Other, Specify.
Nature of Referral
Time and Date
Location of Area
Surface Waters Impacted Classification
Other Agencies Nodfied
lnvestigatfon
.rrL _I _ _ tV ' �'_� _.� _ t _ . s
Investigator Date
SAWQSISHELLSWEPORT. SHL
EPA Region Iv [phone] Pesticides 733-3556 Emergency Management 733-3667 Wildlife Resources 733-7291
Solid and Hazardous Waste 733-2178 Marine Fisheries 726-7021 Water Supply 733-2321 Coast Guard MSO 343.4861
127 Cardinal Drive Extension, Wilmington, N.C. 23405-3845 • Telephone [phone] a Fax [phone]

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[Fwd: WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION GRANTED TO PC... imap://cros.ncmail.net:993/fetch%3EUID%3E/INBOX%3E247Me_
Subject: [Fwd: WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION GRANTED TO PCS PHOSPHATE FOR EXPANSION]
From: susan massengale <susan.massengale rr nemail.net>
Date. Fri. 05 Dec 2008 17:06:33 -0500
To: DWQ Clips <DIiNR.DOVQ.Clips a lists.ncmail.net>, AI Hodge <AI.Hodgeoanemail.net>
Subject: WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION GRANTED TO PCS PHOSPHATE FOR EXPANSION
From: Diana Kees <diana.kees rr ncmail.net>
Date: Fri, 05 Dcc 2008 16:56:46 -0500
To: undisclosed -recipients:;
Michael F. Easley, Governor William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Release: IMMEDIATE Contact: John Dorney
Date: Dec. S, 2008 Phone: [phone]
WATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION GRANTED TO PCS PHOSPHATE FOR EXPANSION
RALEIGH - The state Division of Water Quality today issued water quality certification for the expansion of mining
areas for the Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan Phosphate Division more commonly known as PCS Phosphate Inc. of
Aurora.
The certification is one step in the process of acquiring a federal permit for wetlands and stream impacts from the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The certification approves impacts to 18,621 feet of streams; 3,7B9 acres of wetlands;
19 acres of ponds and 28.14 acres of streamside buffers. These impacts are anticipated to occur over a 35-year period
on three tracts of land on the east, south and west of the current mining site.
The certification requires that the Bonnorton Read Non-Riverine Wet Hardwood Forest located west of the current
mining site be protected. This wetland area is a 'wetland of exceptional state or national significance ecologically -
due to its age and the types and diversity of species - both plant and animal - that are present.
The certification also includes general and specific conditions for protection of water quality standards and the
preservation of the designated uses of downstream areas. Among the conditions detailed are requirements for
sedimentation and erosion control and groundwater monitoring for several chemical parameters and to ensure that the
hydrology of adjacent wetland areas is maintained. A water management and stream monitoring plan for water quality,
water quantity, fish and other aquatic animal populations shall be continued for the life of the permit. This plan
shall be designed to assure the protection of downstream water quality standards including primary and secondary
nursery area functions in all tributaries to South Creek, Porter Creek, Durham Creek and the Pamlico River adjacent
to the mine site.
wetland and stream mitigation is required by the certification to be done in accordance with mitigation approved by
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Buffer mitigation is to be carried out for approximately 23 acres of the approved
buffer impacts. Mitigation for the remaining proposed impacts is subject to state Environmental Management Commission
approval and may require an alternative approach to development of the site.
PCS Phosphate Inc. began operation in North Carolina in 1965. The company mines phosphate ore and manufactures
phosphoric acid, solid and liquid fertilizers, animal feed supplements and purified phosphoric acid used in food
products and industrial processes.
# # H
DENR.DWQ.CLIPS mailing list
[e-mail]
ATER QUALITY CERTIFICATION GRANTED TO PCS P110SPHATE FOR EXPANSIONContent-Type: message/rfc822
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Content -Type: application/msword
PCS 101 12-08.doC
Content -Encoding: E3ase64
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N.C. DIVISION OF. -WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Section
Complaint/Emergency Report Form
WILMINGTON REGIONAL OFFICE
Received by I--1 r,(x l/J &� Date O Time 4 coo Plr'
Emergency Complaint ✓ City County
Report Received From c�
Agency Phone No, (c, afad
Complainant
Address Phone No.-=jCj
Check One: Fish Kill Spill Bypass Animal NPDES N.D.
Stormwater Wetland ` Other, Specify: �1 C� [�,
Nature of Referral 0 uo.M,11 L- Qs ' �nr\n A
Investigator
S: l WQSISHELLSIREPORT. SHL
EPA Region !V [phone] Pesticides 733-3556 Emergency Management 733-3867 Wildlife Resources 733-7291
Solid and Hazardous Waste 733-2178 Marine Fisheries 726-7021 Water Supply 733-2321 Coast Guard MSO 343.4881
127 Cardinal Drive Extension, Wilmington, N.C. 28405-3845 0 Telephone [phone] Fax [phone]

alp
N.C. DIVISION OF, ..WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Section
Complaint/Emergency Report Form
WILMINGTON REGIONAL OFFICE
Received by L1 rAa!� W .[1 1 _ Date, . Time E 'Q'00 r 7�
r 1_
Emergency Complaint X City CountyP',
Report Received From Y� Y� • �r>3 S n
Agency LaMA 0,y/A 6,A, _. _ _Phone No. ,
AI�c
Complainant �-4- `+--io " � C -
Address Phone No.
Check One: Fish 1911 Spfll Bypass Animal NPDES N.D.
Stormwater Wetland Other, Specify:
Nature of Referral
Location of Area Affected
Investigator Date
S: I WOSISHELLSWEPORT,SHL
EPA Region IV [phone] Pesticides 733-3556 Emergency Management 733-3867 Wildlife Resources 733-7251
Solid and Hazardous Waste 733-2176 Marine Fisheries 726-7021 Water Supply 733-2321 Coast Guard MSO 343-4881
127 Cardinal Drive Extension, Wilmington, N.C. 28405-3845 • Telephone [phone] Fax [phone]

Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC -�
August 27, 2008
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
Mr. Stephen Holland
12121 NC Hwy 53 East
Maple Hill, NC 284S4
Mr. Ronnie Smith
Regulatory Specialist
Wilmington District
Corps of Engineers
PO Sox 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
Dear Mr. Smith,
Per our conference call on Friday, August 23, 2008 and this letter submitted by you dated
August 18, 2008, 1 am submitting additional information per your request. The questions and
answers follow:
1. Provide the names and mailing addresses of all property owners whose property borders
the property of the proposed quarry, including the properties that are located on the other
side of Holly Shelter Creek. (See enclosure #1)
2. Provide a list of authorizations requested from. other federal, state, and/or local agencies for
the work, including all approvals received or denials already made. -
The following permits have been applied for and have been approved:
2a) Special use Permit #05-08-15-13R from Pender County Board of
Commissioners.
2b) North Carolina Mining Permit #71-45 issued by the NC Mining Commission,
Raleigh, North Carolina.
2c) NPDES Water Permit #NCG020000 to discharge water issued by the NC State
Water Quality Division.
2d) Although we were not issued a permit to modify the entrance of the mine site
onto NC Highway 53, Mr. Robert Voss (NC DOT) approved our modification
plan submitted by Mr. Mark Walton per DOT specification and the work was
completed.
Page 1

Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
2e) Pender County Zoning/Development Permit #074110
3. Provide legible maps showing the location of the monitoring wells on sheets not larger than
11" X 17". (See enclosure #3a)
4. Provide detailed project plans showing the boundaries of the existing mine, and the
boundaries of the proposed phases IA, IB, IIA, and.I1B. Please label all wetland impact areas.
The plans should be legible and on sheets no larger than 11" X 17". (See enclosure #4a)
Provide detailed plans for the ditch, indicating the flow route(s) and the location of the
disposal areas of the excavated material. The plans should be legible and on sheets no larger
than 11" X 17". When the ditch was initially excavated, the material was loaded on trucks
and taken to the storage pile on the east side of the entrance road to the quarry. The actual
ditch was never designed'to provide disposal of water from the mine site. Its main purpose
is to stay full of water from our pump station and thus allow a natural flow of water to the
west which will allow the NC State gamelands to remain wet and consequently not allow
any wetlands on that property to dry up. We have monitoring wells on this very property
that show with imperial evidence that is in fact occurring. (Ditch design and location is on
enclosure #4a)
6. It appears that the wetland drain that connects wetland MM to the large undisturbed
wetland and the small wetland "fingers" north of wetland GG will be impacted by the
proposed project. if the above- described wetlands will be impacted, please include these
impacts in the applications and on the site plans.
You are correct to point out the "fingers" as being part of the impacted wetlands. Our figures
and maps submitted to you already include these "Fingers" as part of the impacted area.
Because the map size was decreased, the legend in the lower left corner of the map showing
grass and crossed diaconal lines in the legend box did not show -up very clearly. Our new
maps show this better! (See enclosure #4a)
7. The application states that the overburden will be used to construct on -site features, like
berms and roads. The application also states that the horseshoe lake will eventually be
deepened and that a roadway will be constructed around the perimeter of the pond. Please
provide plans showing the location of all proposed berms and roads in the project area.
The horseshoe lake has been deepened and an all weather road has been constructed
around the tear drop lake at the level spreader. The berms that have been constructed have
been placed 50' from any wetlands area on the 72.5 acre tract. A map that shows exact
meets and bounds done by Thomson & Jones Surveying Company is attached and is proof of
actual boundaries for the berms. (See enclosure #7a)
8. Provide scale cross -sections of the berms and roads that will be constructed in the wetland
area. The cross -sections should accurately depict the full slopes and elevations of the fills in
relation to existing grade.
There are no berms or roads to be constructed in the wetland areas!
Page 2

Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
9. Please remove the isolated wetland impacts from the application. Isolated wetlands are not
subject to jurisdiction under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and impacts to these waters
do not require DA authorization.
The new enclosed map shows these isolated wetlands removed.
10. Describe any future mine expansions or related projects that you plan to undertake in areas
outside of the proposed project area.
There are no expansions or projects planned that would take mining operations outside of
the proposed project area.
1 feel that all questions have been addressed properly, however, should further clarification
be necessary, please let me know so that I can take corrective action.
Sincerely,
Stephen C. Holland
Page 3

INTRODUCED BY: Stephen Carpenter DATE: August 15, 2005
Permit #04-09-19-13
Perinit#05-08--15-13R
ITEM NO:
Special Use Permit; Mining Operation, Shelter Creek, LLC (Revision)
SUBJECT: CASE NO: 04' 08-05-13
PROPERTY RECORD NO: 33115 & 33116
APPLICANT: Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
OWNER: Yellow Lab Farm, LLC (Stephen C. Holland, President)
ACTION REQUESTED: Approval of Special Use Permit for Mining Operation On
Approximately 380 Acres. (Revision)
*New Items —Bold
*Deleted Items
HISTORY/BACKGROUND:
Project Location: The project is located on the south east side of NC 53 approximately 3.5 miles south
west of the NC 53 and NC 50 intersection. The site is approximately 1 mile south west of the old
Maple Hill Quarry.
Project Description: The project will consist of excavation and mining on 252 acres of the 380 acre
site. The property contains 128 acres of protected wetlands that will not be excavated or disturbed.
Mining -Type & Description — open pit mining techniques with portable equipment will be utilized.
The overburden will be removed and stored for one phase at a time and the excavation of marl and
limestone will progress for that phase. The initial mining cut into each phase of the project will utilize
explosives to make the initial pit opening. After the initial pit opening is made, it is anticipated that an
80 or 100 ton excavator will be used to mine rock material without explosives, if possible. After the
initial pit of each phase is established the primary crushing operation will be located in the pit for each
phase. The material will be carried by conveyor to a finishing plant Iocated separately for phase one &
two -and three & four_
Dewaterin Activities — the operation will remove pit seepage and storm water from the operating
portion of the pit after it has accumulated and settled in a 20 ft. deep, 100 ft by 300 ft.
settling/clarification basin in the bottom of the pit. The water pumped from the pit is anticipated to
range from 0.5 MGD at the .beginning of each phase to'2.0 MGD as the phase enlarges and nears
completion. The sump water will. be pumped to a 5 plus acre man made lake that will discharge
clarified water to the adjacent wetla.hds by a level spreader. Dewatering will not take place lower than
4- 65 ft. below MSL. It is anticipated that no mining pit water will be discharged directly from the
property as a result of mining activities.
Depth of Minim -- excavation oflimestone in the pit will not exceed 38 60 ft. below MSL, except in
the sump clarification pit and it will be excavated to a depth of not lower than -58 80 ft. below MSL.
The completed and reclaimed lake areas will be finished with a bottom elevation of not less than 38 ft.
below MSL.
Project Schedule — it is anticipated that each phase of the project will be completed in 10 to 12 years
and the entire mining operation will be complete in 40 to 50 years.
Reclamation Schedule— The reclamation. is anticipated to be complete as follows:
1.. Completed reclamation of phases I and 2 including inundation of the excavated area will be
completed after mining activities are finished in those areas.
2. A fish habitat area will be constructed as part of the final reclamation of phase 2.
jcs pd sup (my Jocr) shcicrkgamr reso 2-04. rcv 9-] 3-04 � l of 6

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
GENERAL PERMIT NO. NCG020000
TO DISCHARGE STORMWATER, MINE DEWATERING, AND PROCESS WASTEWATER
UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELINIINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful
standards and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, this permit
is hereby issued to all owners or operators, hereafter permittees, which are covered by this permit
as evidenced by receipt of a Certificate of Coverage by the Environmental Management
Commission to allow the discharge of stormwater, nine dewatering wastewater, and process
wastewater to the surface waters of North Carolina or to a separate storm sewer system
conveying discharges to surface waters in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth
herein.
Coverage under this general permit is applicable to:
• Stormwater point source discharge outfalls associated with mining -and quarrying of
nonmetallic minerals (except fuels), land disturbance, and vehicle maintenance:
• Mine dewatering wastewater discharge outfalls.
• Wastewater discharge outfalls from sand and/or gravel operations.
• Nondischarging closed loop recycle systems.
• Process recycle wastewater discharge outfalls.
The following activities and their associated discharges are specifically excluded from coverage
under this General Permit: borrow pits covered by the DOT statewide storrnwater permit, peat
mining, coal mining, metal mining, oil and gas extraction operations, and combined
mining/asphalt operations (where the asphalt operation is not covered by a separate permit).
The General Permit shall become effective on January 19, 2005.
The General Permit shall expire at midnight on December 31,.2009.
Signed this day January 19, 2005,
Original Signed by A1an Klimek
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
By the Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Land Resources
James D. Simons, P.G., P.E.
Director and State Geologist
Mr. Stephen C. Holland
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
8315 Highway 53 East
Burgaw, North Carolina 28425
February 26, 2007
Re: Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC Mine
Pender County
Cape Fear River Basin
Dear Mr. Holland:
Michael F. Easley, Govemor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
The application for a mining permit for the above referenced mine site has'been found
to meet the requirements of G.S. 74-51 of The Mining Act of 1971. As we have received the
required security to cover this application, I am enclosing the mining permit.
The conditions of Mining Permit No. 71-45_were based primarily upon information
supplied in the application with conditions added as necessary to insure compliance with The
Mining Act of 1971. This permit expires on February 26, 2017. G.S_.74-65 states that the
issuance of a mining permit does not supersede or otherwise affect or prevent the
enforcement of a6y zoning -regulation or ordinance duly adopted by an incorporated city or
county or by any agency or department of the State of North Carolina.
As a reminder, your permitted acreage at this site is 398.0 acres and the amount of
land you are approved to disturb is 65.27 acres.
Please review the permit and contact Ms. Judy Wehner, Assistant State Mining
Specialist, at [phone] of any objection or questions concerning the terms of the permit.
Sincerely,
F1oy R. Williams, PG, CPG, CPM
State Mining Specialist
Land Quality Section
FRW/jw
Enclosures: Permit No. 71-45
Notice of Issuance
cc: Mr. Dan Sams
Ms. Shannon Deaton -WRC, wlpermit
Mr. Bradley Bennett-DWQ, wlpermit
Mr. William Gerringer-DOL, Mine and Quarry Bureau, w/o enclosures
US Fish and Wildlife Service, w/ permit
Geological Survey - Land Quality - Geodetic Survey
Division of land Resources -1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612
512 North Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
919-733-38331 FAX, 919-715-8801 1 Internet: www.dir.enr. state.nc.usldlr.htm
An Equal opportunity 1 Athrma0ve Action Employer — 50% Recycled 110% Post Consumer Paper
C...ninc�trP 2h

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LEGEND:
O-Z ON —SITE MONITORING WELLS
0 MW-S OFF -SITE MONITORING WELLS
0 200' 400' Boo'
m
Project: Title: MONITORING WELLSr,�r Shelter Creek Quarry PLC LOCATIONS YY ALTQN ENGJAEERIA'
Revision Date: 08/27/2008 Date: 03/19/2008 1 Scale: 1" a rox. = 600' Drawn by: RMWIDAT I Project #: 200328
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SITE
_FyWf. 53
Deed 2282/164 / A
State of NC
SITE LOCATION MAP
TO salt
C// i 4 w• i PHASE 2
M t B- B IMPACTED WETLANDS
wetland acres
AA 1.2
Isolated B B 0.54
" w CC 0.24
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f 1.
f ; ��: � ,:,, • ,�, r �' Deed 972/147 D D 4.9
Holland, Stephen C
a, , ' E E 5.3
F F 3.4
G G 1.48
H H 1.75
W J IVw w 'I,,N F F: 1 J J 0.24
Deed 2522/053
State of NC
K K 2.12
ti L' AlW W W w J W w w O o
AV w PHASE 2 w W w J, P W W w V V W W W L L 1.48
IMPACTED WETLANDS
.. ,: W W W w W .V W �[• V' w w w W P-,: G J ,
wetland acres F/.: v w w w Y, W J• J• Y• w w w- * M M 1.86
+/� • - y W w w W W W V' W J• W W W W .��
n W W W V' V, W w J. W W W W J' w •l, ,N N 0. 1 1
A 7.2
{{ l w w w w w w W w W w w W W W
y V w Y' w W W W W w W V J• W V W H H
W W W W W W W W W w W W W W .Jr w • V• i W B 0.8 ,f .- .* O O 0.12
W w w W •P W W W W w J• IV w V, V, W
,.Yp V{.�� J. �, �• I • I , * P P 0.03
C 3.8 w AEILA N 0' , ` L ' �� � � 0YT.
%` * SOME CROSSHATCH
D 5.9�' W Ew �` k A p�W���w©Y W w w w u` u'W PATTERNS MAY NOT SHOW
W I w UP ON IN SMALLER WETLAND
E 0.24 J �- { �} v Y �w` j� w AREAS. LABELLED AND
' v {w�w/ V W� •1 v/ • 2 AC l�.\ Li.. S) v- v LISTED AREAS ARE TO BE
Y, v, V• J, w J, v W W w IMPACTED
F 1.4 l�
W J• W J, W w W W W W W w W W W
1 W Wq, w W W w w w Y, W w W W w
/
G 0.7
/ W W W �y W W W
4. W W w y y J-
H 1.56 Isolated
Deed
W y Yellow W W W IV W VWLob Farms1 l / �• „� "' V, 'V 'V W w •Y `1' `✓ J, w J, w w W
1 0.5 y W J' J, V, V, P W V W W J, V, J, J, J,
'P 'V 'I" 'V w W 'P •Y 'P w J, J,
W w J, w W ur W w W W W W W W W J, W W WY W
J0.11 Isolated w Y W W w W W w y w w W w w w w Y
J, W w •Y W W V, v- W W W W W W W W
K 0.16 Isolated W W w w W W W W W
w W Gam/ W W
y Y W V, V W
V,
REEK
TOTAL MINEABLE AREA IN PHASE 1 APPROX. - 72.5 ACRES +/- SHELTER
TOTAL MINEABLE AREA IN PHASE 2 APPROX. = 179.5 ACRES +/-
TOTAL NON -ISOLATED WETLANDS IMPACT AREA APPROX. - 44.55 ACRES +/-
TOTAL ISOLATED WETLANDS IMPACT AREA APPROX. - 2.9 ACRES +/-
TOTAL ISOLATED AND NON -ISOLATED WETLANDS IMPACT AREA APPROX. = 47.45 ACRES ESTIMATED MINEABLE AREA APPROX_ = 252 ACRES +/-
l1rGEMR:
P«+os
CA OF [t1R FM DfltR
M OF AMA[ DMW
POWEN LINE
PROPERTY LRIE
MWEABLE AREA BORDEN
WMAND AREA MW TO BE GPAMED
�' .�': ..'.u,•
WEMARD RPACT AREAS (NWX 2)
PERYRED ARMS URETI N RV-';t 1
'.�"..•.•�'. ''.:.
MINEABLE AREA (PHASE 2)
Revision Date: 08/27/2008
STATE PHASE 1 QUARRY CROSS
ROUTE 10' BERM AND SECTION
53 FENCE hW IQ SCALE
GROUND LEVEL .......................
30' 20
BACKFILLED OVERBURDEN 12'
OVERBURDEN
ro 1 SLOPE 12 MARL
PRESENT QUARRY FLOO 12' ROCK
6' MARL
28' ROCK
FUTURE QUARRY FLOOR
NOT TO SCALE
I�t�� • • • Il u
sll�h �II�
0 200' 400' BDO'
Figure Project: Title: MINEABLE AREA T,�T
Shelter Creek Quarry LLC I'!' ALTON ENGINEERTNG
Date: 03/19/2008 1 Scale: 1" awrox. = 600' Drawn by: RMW/DAT Project #: 200328

SURVEY REFERENCII, �
DEED BOOK 1567 AT PAGr 299
FENDER COUNTY RE01S7T1Y
o n = mom
He aw wuuurNr
M"MiNa 117/3 117 MUM
%
C1LL8 roR 'TRACT 1
Thompson & Jones
Surveying Company
P.O. Box 1471
111 Cost Fremont Street
Burgaw, NC 28425
Ph: [phone]
FY: [phone]
Em: jonessurveying0bellsouth,net
File:
Dwg. No.: HOUAND STEVE r)Oc OIVOOD
aaRls�i�.
�1
,TAB[' OF h" N 0000N/
Al ra]7, Po oa'
/JI 11
MAP OF DIVISION
FOR
SHELTER CREEK QUARRY, LL C
8315 NORTH CAROLINA HIGFHWAY 53
BURGAW, NORTH CAROLINA 28425
HOLLY TOWNSHIP — PENDER COUNITY -- NORTH CAROLINA
SCALE: 1 " 400' MAY, 2007
OWNER: 400 0 400 800 1200
STEPHEN C. HOLLAND
8315 NC HWY '53 _
BUROAW, NC 28425 GRAPHIC SCALE - FEET
S-7PHN C, h'OUANO
f4 17J, PO !fir
MAPLE
NILL
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1, 75Mi. t �
NG 53 �
SITE
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VICINMr ILA P (N. r, 9)

Planning and Zoning
PENDER COUNTY, North Carolina
Gou�Ty o� 805 S. Walker St Planning and Zoning
Burgaw, NC 28425 910-259-1202
w }
Zoning/Development Permit Page #
CERTIFICATION OF ZONING. SUBDIVISION, SPECIAL USES. SOIL EROSION and EXEMPTIONS
CA Approved: NIAFinal Zoning
Tax Geo Pin#: 33727349120000 Zoninq Permit Date: 11272007
Tax. Rec. #: 33115 Permit/Receipt # 074110
UserlD JP83
' Permitted Use Descri Lion Qf Work: Code Violation N
Commercial
NOTE: Use Must be listed in the Pender County Zoning Ordinance's Table of Permitted Uses'.
Description of Work
Phase I of Mining Permit
Type of Structure I Use : COMMERCIAL
Structure Height Limit 35 Feet
Mfg. Howie Mfg. Date: 0100/00 Existing Structure On Site: Yes - No- 1
Site Address: Str.# & Name. 12121 US HWY 53 City: BURGAW
Property Name: HOLLAND STEPHEN C
Owner: Str # 1 Name: 8315 HWY 53 EAST
City, State, Zip: BURGAW NC 28425 Telephone:
Applicant: Relation :
Name: HOLLAND STEPHEN C
-Contact: HOLLAND STEPHEN C
Str # / Name: HWY 53 EAST 8315
City, State, Zip: BURGAW NC 28425 Telephone: [phone]
Subdivision Section: Lot:
Name: Plat Bk_ & Page #: Deed Sk. 8 Pg : 1587 1 299 Township: HOLLY
Section A: Zoning Determinations
Zone Dist: 12 Req. Setbacks: Front: 100 Rear: 25 Side: 25
Minimum Lot Size: 43560 Flood Zone #:- BFE: Panel #:
The Proposed Activity is allowed by the Pender County Zoning Ordinance: The Type Permit noted above is issued subject to the
Project complying with the determinations and conditions herein and the information contained in the application submitted by
the applicant. When Zoning Determinations are issued a Final Zoning Permit must be obtained prior to the beginning of site
construction.
Determination Made By: JP
Section B: Conditions of Permit
Condition:
Subject To Compliance With All Local,
State And Federal Regulations.
Compliance With The Site Plan And
Application Submitted For This Permit.
Compliance With The Set Backs Noted
Date : ' 11/27/07 CBRA: Yes -
Regui_ .red: Completed:
i
1
1
No - 0/00/00
Site Directions:
Hwy 53 E approx_ 12 miles from Burgaw
Zoning Det. By: JP Date : 11/27/07 Zoning Fee: .00 Check #
Final Zoning By : JP Date : 11/27/07 Total Zoning Fee: 25.00 Check #:
Fee is Non -Refundable
Zoning Notes
-This permit it is for dirt hauling at this time ONLY! No structures at this time only on -site portable waste facility.
-Will need to come back in for zoning permit for scale house and septic approval.
-All requirements for the SUP have been met.
1

Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
State of North Carolina
c/o NC State Property Office
1321 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
State of North Carolina
Attn: D. Chad Guthrie
1321 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
Emory Nicholas Grubbs ETAL
1929 Harrison Street
Wilmington, NC 28401
Mr. Alexander M. Hall ETAL
718 Market Street
Wilmington, NC 28401
Mr. Bruce W. Rickenbacker
c/o Mr. Charles Robichaux
133 South Branch Road
Wilmington, NC 28411
Mr. James K. Powers
3006 Hillman Road
Kinston, NC 28501
S&D Enterprizes of Wilmington, LLC
6710 Market Street
Wilmington, NC 28403
Enclosure # 1 Page 1

AAa ah merr � I
HF-CzmU.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS 3 -'-- �
WILMINGTON DISTRICT 1l,f tl ?0[] �
i.
Action ID. 200400613 County: Pender USGS Quad. A'1.'t_ l� a Hill
GENERAL PERIIIIT (REGIONAL AND NATIONWIDE) VERIFICATION
Property Owner: Steve Holland
Address: 8315 Higlnvav 53 East
13uraaty. NC —RI' ;t*142<
Telephone No.: [phone]
Agent: David Svster and Dana Lutheran
Southern Environmental Group. Inc.
5315 South College Road. Suite E
Wilmington. NC 28412
[phone]
Size and location of property (water body, road name/number, town, etc.): The proposed Holly Shelter Creek Ounrry is
approximately 398 acres in size and is located adincent to and north of Holly Shelter Creek, adincent to and south of Highway
53, anproxiii .aately 3 miles west of the intersection of HiEhway 53 andMighwav 50. west of Maple Hill, in Pender County,
North Carolina. This permit address impacts associated with Phase I of the project which is approximately, 72.5 acres in size.
Description of projects area and activity: Discharge of fill material into 0:102 acres of a linear wetland feature (jurisdictional
ditch in order to larocced "with the minin of limestone .a re ate associated with Phase I of the prbiect. The remainder of
Phase I mining will occur in uplands and this' base is anticipated to,have a 12- 15 y6r minin life.
Applicable Law: ® Section 404 (Clean Water Act, 33USC 1344)
❑ Section 10 (Rivers and Harbors Act, 33 USC 403)
Authorization: Regional General Perinit Number:
Nationwide Permit.Number: 39
Your work is authorized by the above referenced peniait provided it is accomplished in strict accordance with the attached
conditions and your submitted plans. Any violation of the attached conditions or deviation from your submitted plans may. subject the
permittee to a stop work order, a restoration order and/or appropriate legal -action.
This verification is valid unril the NWP is modified, reissued, or revoked. All of the existing NWPs are scheduled to be modified,
reissued, or revoked prior to March 18, 2007. It is incumbent upon you to remain informed of changes to the NWPs. We will issue a
public notice when the A'WPs are reissued. Furthermore, if you commence or are under contract to commence this activity before the
date that the relevant nationwide permit is modified or revoked, you will have twelve (12) months from the date of the modification or
revocation of the NWP to complete the activity under the present terms and conditions of this nationwide permit. If,. prior to the
expiration date identified below, the nationwide permit authorization is reissued and/or modified, this verification will remain valid
until the expiration date identified below, provided it complies with all new and/or modified terms and conditions. The District
Engineer may, at any time, exercise his discretionary authority to modify, suspend, or revoke a case specific activity's authorization
under any NWP:
Activities subject to Section 404 (as indicated above) may also require an individual Section 401 Water Quality Certification. You
should contact the NC Division of Water Quality (telephone. [phone]) to determine Section 401 requirements.
For activities occurring within the twenty coastal counties subject to regulation under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA);
prior to beginning work you must contact the N.C. Division of Coastal Management in Wilmington, NC, at (910) 79677215.
This Department of the Army verification does not relieve the permittee of the responsibility to obtain any other required Federal,
State or local approvalslpermits,
If there are any questions regarding this verification, any of the conditions of the Permit, or the Corps of Engineers regulatory
program, please contact Lillette Granade at (910) 25111829.
Corps Regulatory Official �Date June 10.2606
Expiration Date of Verification: March 18. 2007
f
of 2

Determination of Jurisdiction:
❑ Based on preliminary information, there appear to be waters of the US including wetlands within the above described project area.
This preliminary determination is not an appealable action under the Regulatory Program Administrative Appeal Process
(Reference 33 CFR Part 331).
❑ There are Navigable Waters of the United States within the above described project area subject to the permit requirements of
Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Unless there is a change in the law or our
published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a Period not to. exceed five years from the date of this
notification.
® There are waters of the US and/or wetlands within the above described project area subject to the permit requirements of Section
404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA)(33 USC § 1344). Uiiless there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this
determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
® The jurisdictional areas within the above described project area have been identified under a previous action. Please reference
jurisdictional determination issued October 3, 2005. Action ID 200400613.
Basis of Jurisdictional Determination: This site exhibits wetland criteria as described in the 1987 Corps Wetland Delineation
Manuel and is adincent to Hollv Shelter Creek a tributary of the Northeast Ca a rear River, a navi able water of the US.
Determination is based on information provided by Mike Ort6sky, of Soil and Environmental Consultants PA and a field visit
by Lillette Grana&'bn October and'December 12 2004.
RegulatoryCorps
Date June 10 2006
SURVEY PLATS_, FIELD SKETCH, WETLAND DELINEATION FORMS, PROJECT PLANS, ETC., MUST BE
ATTACHED TO THE FILE COPY OF THIS FORM, IF REQUIRED OR AVAILABLE.
Page 2 of 2

. i� i C' 7 (;
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
q 1,
7/31/08
�JO
Mr. Bradley Bennett
;R C1 c� s
Storm Water Permitting Unit Supervisor`"
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
Dear Mr. Bradley,
I would like to invite your attention to a modification of our level spreader discharge system
since the submission of our last quarterly Wastewater DMR. Because we have deepened and
enlarged our main sump area in the mine, I needed to increase the quantity of water being
discharged from our site. As you know, we could only discharge 750,000 gallons of water per day
due to the design of the level spreader. I have modified the level spreader and now have the ability
to discharge 1,000,000 gallons per day. As you know from our past correspondence, this 1,000,000
gallon discharge limit is fixed regardless of what is pumped to my tear -drop lake for storage.
We are still close circuiting water on our property and our ditches continue to work
favorably adjacent to the North Carolina State property.
Enclosed, herewith, are April, May, and June's water discharge reports. Also, I have enclosed
monitoringwell data forwells #1 thru #21, less #17. Monitoringwell #17 did notdownload
properly on the computer and we will include it with our next report if that is agreeable with you?
Lastly, I have included the results of our water analysis conducted by Environmental
Chemist, Inc.
Any questions or comments will be addressed by me immediately. Thank you.
Respectfully submitted,
Stephen Dorenda
cc: Ms. Linda Willis

SHELTER CREEK QUARRY, LLC
12121 NC Hwy 53 East, Maple Hill, NC 28454
WATER DISCHARGE REPORT
DATE
PUMPED
MAIN SUMP AREA
GALLONS/ PUMPED
900 GPM
HOURS
PUMPED
HORSESHOE
POND DATE
PUMPED
72,000 gph
HORSESHOE POND
GALLONS PUMPED
LEVEL SPREADER
DISCHARGE QUANTITY
1-Apr-08
540,000
10
4/1/2008
540,000 ( 7.5 hrs)
540,000
2-Apr-08
486,000
9
4/2/2008
540,000 ( 7.5 hrs)
540,000
3-Apr-08
0
0
4/3/2008
0
0
4-Apr-08
810,000
15
4/4/2008
792,000 ( 11 hrs)
792,000
5-Apr-08
918,000
17
4/5/2008
936,000 (13 hrs)
936,000
6-Apr-08
0 .
0
4/6/2008
0
0
7-Apr-08
918,000
17
4/7/2008
918,000 (12.75 hrs)
918,000
8-Apr-08
1,296,000
24
4/8/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
9-Apr-08
1,296,000
24
4/9/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
10-Apr-08
1,296,000
24
4/10/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
11-Apr-08
648,000
12
4/11/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
12-Apr-08
540,000
10
4/12/2008
892,000 (12.25 hrs)
892,000
13-Apr-08
1,296,000
24
4/13/2008
11008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
14-Apr-08
1,296,000
24
4/14/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
15-Apr-08
810,000
15
4/15/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
16-Apr-08
567,000
10.5
4/16/2008
953,000 (13.2 hrs)
953,000
17-Apr-08
919,700
17
4/17/2008
918,000 (12.75 hrs)
918,000
18-Apr-08
1,296,000
24
4/18/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
19-Apr-08
810,000
15
4/19/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
20-Apr-08
540,000
10
4/20/2008
646,000 (9 hrs)
646,000
21-Apr-08
1,080,000
20
4/21/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
'22-Apr-08
1,080,000
20
4/22/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
23-Apr-08
972,000
18
4/23/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
24-Apr-08
918,000
17
4/24/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
25-Apr-08
1,080,000
20
4/25/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
26-Apr-08
1,296,000
24
4/26/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
27-Apr-08
1,296,000
24
4/27/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
28-Apr-08
1,080,000
20
4/28/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
29-Apr-08
540,000
10
4/29/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
30-Apr-08
432,000 J
9
4/30/2008
800,000 (11 hrs)
800,000

SHELTER CREEK QUARRY, LLC
12121 NC Hwy 53 East, Maple Hill, NC 28454
WATER DISCHARGE REPORT
DATE
PUMPED
MAIN SUMP AREA
GALLONS / PUMPED
900 GPM
HOURS
PUMPED
HORSESHOE
POND DATE
PUMPED
72,000 gph
HORSESHOE POND
GALLONS PUMPED
LEVEL SPREADER
DISCHARGE QUANTITY
1-May-08
918,000
17 i
5/1/2008
864,000 (12 hrs)
864,000
2-May-08
864,000
16
5/2/2008
864,000 (12 hrs)
864,000
3-May-08
918,000
17
5/3/2008
864,000 (12 hrs)
864,000
4-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/4/2008
1,296,000 (18 hrs)
1,000,000
5-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/5/2008
1,296,000 (18 hrs)
11000,000
6-May-08
918,000
17
5/6/2008
864,000 (12 hrs)
1,000,000
7-May-08
918,000
17
5/7/2008
864,000 (12 hrs)
1,000,000
8-May-08
810,000
15
5/8/2008
810,000 (11.25 hrs)
1,000,000
9-May-08
918,000
17
5/9/2008
864,000 (12 hrs)
894,000
10-May-08
270,000
5
5/10/2008
288,000 (4 hrs)
288,000
11-May-08
594,000
11
5/11/2008
648,000 (9 hrs)
648,000
12-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/12/2008
1,296,000 (12 hrs)
1,000,000
13-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/13/2008
1,296,000 (12 hrs)
1,000,000
14-May-08
918,000
17
5/14/2008
864,000 (12 hrs)
1,000,000
15-May-08
918,000
17
5/15/2008
864,000 (12 hrs)
1,000,000
16-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/16/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
17-May-08
918,000
17
5/17/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
18-May-08
648,000
12
5/18/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
19-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/19/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
20-May-08
918,000
17
5/20/2008
1,500,000 (21 hrs)
4,500 ditch line / 1,500,000
21-May-08
756,000
14
5/21/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
22-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/22/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
23-May-08
864,000
16
5/23/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
24-May-08
486,000
9
5/24/2008
822,000 (11.5 hrs)
822,000
25-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/25/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
26-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/26/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
27-May-08
756,000
14
5/27/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
28-May-08
1,296,000
24
5/28/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
29-May-08
864,000
16
5/29/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
30-May-08
540,000
10
5/30/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
31-May-08
0
0
5/31/2008
0
0

SHELTER CREEK QUARRY, LLC
12121 NC Hwy 53 East, Maple Hill, NC 28454
WATER DISCHARGE REPORT
DATE
PUMPED
MAIN SUMP AREA
GALLONS / PUMPED
900 GPM
HOURS
PUMPED
HORSESHOE
POND DATE
PUMPED
72,000 gph
HORSESHOE POND
GALLONS PUMPED
LEVEL SPREADER
DISCHARGE QUANTITY
1-Jun-08
590,000
10
6/1/2008
590,000 (7.5 hrs)
590,000
2-Jun-08
1,296,000
24
6/2/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
3-Jun-08
864,000
16
6/3/2008
1,000,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
4-Jun-08
0
0
6/4/2008
0
0
5-Jun-08
486,000
9
6/5/2008
622,000 (8.6 hrs)
622,000
6-Jun-08
810,000
15
6/6/2008
810,000 (11.25 hrs)
810,000
7-Jun-08
486,000
9
6/7/2008
486,000 (6.75 hrs)
486,000
8-Jun-08
486,000
9
6/8/2008'
486,000 (6.75 hrs)
486,000
9-Jun-08
648,000
12
6/9/2008
648,000 ( 9 hrs)
648,000
10-Jun-08
0
0
6/10/2008
0
0
11-Jun-08
0.
0
6/11/2008
0
0
12-Jun-08
0
0
6/12/2008
0
0
13-Jun-08
918,000
17
6/13/2008
918,000 (12.75 hrs)
918,000
14-Jun-08
810,000
15
6/14/2008
810,000 (11.25 hrs)
810,000
15-Jun-08
0
0
6/15/2008
0
0
16-Jun-08
918,000
17
6/16/2008
918,000 (12.75 hrs)
918,000
17-Jun-08
1,296,000
24
6/17/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
18-Jun-08
864,000
16
6/18/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
19-Jun-08
918,000
17
6/19/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
20-Jun-08
918,000
17
6/20/2008
1,008,000 (14 hrs)
1,000,000
21-Jun-08
648,000
12
6/21/2008
648,000 (9 hrs)
648,000
22-Jun-08
432,000
8
6/22/2008
432,000 (8 hrs)
432,000
23-Jun-08
918,000
17
6/23/2008
918,000 (12.75 hrs)
918,000
24-Jun-08
810,000
15
6/24/2008
810,000 (11.25 hrs)
810,000
25-Jun-08
378,000
7
6/25/2008
378,000 (5.25 hrs)
378,000
26-Jun-08
0
0
6/26/2008
0
0
27-Jun-08
378,000
7
6/27/2008
378,000 (5.25 hrs)
378,000
28-Jun-08
0
0
6/28/2008
0
0
29-Jun-08
486,000
9
6/29/2008
486,000 (6.75 hrs) .
486,000
30-Jun-08
540,000
10
6/30/2008
540,000 (7.50 hrs)
540,000

It
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 1: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
wo io *0 o��o�� e", "0
Date

-4
-16
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 2: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
,& e 4p ,o� p "% % & "t &. & P % "-- 0 01, e
wl' d;O w, 'SO, w, e"
Da to

_4
d U a
J
N
10
3 'o
v U
� 3
m -12
iA
O
r
� V
-c C
-16
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 3: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
a^�% ^`,p r�^A\� ,\^9\O, ti^,P 4p r�ti1�� � o^�°$ o��°o e o,� 8?� ^^\,% ^`,� ^`'% ^�o%
Q' CT' P' tl' ' CC' 4 .. 01\ Off\ Off\ 01\
Date

_q
511
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 4: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
•_.._...a—•—s_.._•—a_.......•�•-.-._•.....__•�a-��o�.__o-_. •_��_o.__.. o.�o—e_.s__o__...•,.� a___�o_'-_o- .._a,-.�__o __.,..•�--_o-..._..,•,._ s......o..,..,.._a...__..a ___�e,.�.... o__ a.. �-.,.o__._,.•--•--�—a-._-e.
��°�� ���0 ���� 1�� ���
C�° �'.`�Off' � tl" d"
Date

Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 5: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
-4
-16
-20
13% IJ5 �Ip &I �, (:§, (:p (�% 13% IZP �p �p (:p d) p Ib
60, 6e ie 6;" 6�1Cwl�CP 41, 4�*6% 41 40 1�0 40 QIP �p 110CP 11\�Z, / 110 e 4�11�111�e 11�� 1�1 40e
Date

-4
-16
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 6: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
`,� /\ p`--p Jp,_.�... p\ p-p..-....p....�p.-w�0.-.._0--.,•-.-..p.��p�-.C--P....._-p,...-.p.._-...p _`-'p'-.--.. •.... ..
e—d moo— �• s—.—�—•—a—a—p—p' \p, �s—f
o�eom
Date

-q
on
to —
3 'o
� 3
—6 -12
300
0 m
= L
m u
� c
-16
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 7: June 4, 2008 to June 20, 2008
....... .... ..__.--•--•--•- • .
��o� 1�0� ^�o, ��P o� oP �o� P �o, o� o� �o� � �o� ao� cA
c dd°� da '0 'ZO c�P` cf� E *0 '0 '00 w oo o�\o� o�\� o1\c� o�\o o�\, 01, e,
Da to

Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 8: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
_q
d
co —
3 '0
� 3
0 0
y -12
m
3 �
o d
t c
-16
-26
�o$ P o�om �o�c4'. d;, � 100 �ry�o� e� 01\0�� o�\��p D�\��o� o� o�`hao� 'All oA\��o�
Date
oA\44 011,4 "\,o

Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 9: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
-4
-16
-20
o� o$ oho$ �'p, ^�� ^�\o� ^'g, 1�� ��P �oo ry4\o% o� ��"-- P o�\o�c� o���\ , o^\ oP o1\�"% o�\��c-- o�\�JcP �o$
cS-� °0 dd o`� da d� c c cf� '0 cS� c da
Date

Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 10: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
-4
i °�
V �
Y
M
3 '0
tiU)
a 3
0 0
m -12
3 w
0 m
m �
r c
of-]

-4
-16
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 11: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
?�Battery�
� Railure_,,'
Da to

Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 12: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
a
Sul
-20
o�o� cP
Da to

Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 13: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
-a
-16
-20
o�o� o^roecR' �c- \^�o� ,1�0� ��cR' a���o� \coo$ r\���e� ,`�c� \o��� \o��c� \o�c� \o��dy `do� c�
CT' CAP � CS' C� CY CY O� o� 01 01 O
Date

-a
-16
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 14: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
........e-....._o...__..o�r—•—s�e_._._r—r—o_.W..e___„s_._.,.o......._e.,..,....°"�—
e—'O—O_.__s.___r_—e-_.._r.�_•"""r—_e--♦,.,._.e_.._e__s.__.e—_-•--r.__r--e—a,.e....�e�.a_..._r—•...re—o..—r—r—e-----
��o�lz� Wa, 1s;I da�o$ c ry�\o� o$ ddry�� cS� a� o�`o�� o�\��c� o�\�o� o�\o�� o^\�dcP e,
Da to

_a
-16
-zc
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well IS: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
_.—a—s--a-.-•---e--o—o--,a-.-e-.-•._._a._...•-_e..__.•...,.....o
'�
��e.,......,►,...__.:•...,....,e.......,o,..._-o.,....•.....,...o_......,.-.._.•--...•-.,�..•.-._aY....e.�-a-.-e.-..-•--.ems-.s._-..��•^--s_-..
•.�-•-._.•—•—•.,-•�
ry�o�o% cP�b 01,o�c%, 01\�� o�\cR o�`o$ o�\�acP o�`��� o�,1�c� o�`��oe o1�1�� o�\�
Da to

Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 16: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
-16
-20
cf 0
0°
Date

-4
06
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 18: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
oIP daol. � cS�� (P o\� o��� o��°�� o���a� 01�°�� o��'�� 01�`�� 01�1�0$ o���ao$
Date

Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 19: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
-16
-20
o$ o$ ob ob oZ (P ob o� o$ 4§1 of o0 0!p
6\14
Data

Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 20: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
_4
-16
-20
o� op oP op oP 610 oP o% o% o% o% oP oP of \o� o$ o% o% o% o$ ol�
o,.1 01�
6 Date

-4
-16
-20
Shelter Creek Quarry
Results for Monitoring Well 21: June 4, 2008 to July 20, 2008
0,,#,14JI�\���ry�o�oro o�ry�o�ge o1\o��O o� 01`� o�\�� o�\1a� 0^\1�� o�\�a\� o�\46�e
Da to

- Environmental Chemists, Inc.
' 6602 Windmill Way. • Wilmington, NC 28405
[phone] (Lab) • [phone] (Fax)
�siu -
710 Bowsertown Road • Manteo, NC 27954
[phone]
ANALYTICAL 8 CONSULTING
CHEMISTS NCDENR: DWQ CERTIFICATE #94. DLS CERTIFICATE #37729
Customer:
SHELTER CREEK QUARRY, LLC
8315 Hwy 53 East
Burgaw, NC 28425
Attn: Steve Holland
Date of Report: June 6, 2008
Purchase Order #:
Report Number: 8-4648
REPORT OF ANALYSIS.
Date Sampled: 05/22/08 Report To: Steve Holland
Sampled By: Chris House ( Envirochem)
WASTEWATER: EFFLUENT
Parameter
Date
I.D. # 10226
Analyzed
Settleable Solids, SS ml/L
< 0.1
05/23/08
SM 2540 F
Total Suspended Solids, TSS mg/L
6
05C27108
SM 2540 D
Turbidity, NTU
0.8
65/23/08
SM 2130 B
Comments:
Reviewed by /

Collected Bv: �� 5 �W
Sample Type: I = Inft ent. E _
Sample Identification as s
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTS, INC
Sample_ Collection and Chain_ of CustodL
[olland 8315 Hwy 53 East Bureaw. NC 28425
Collection
6602 Windmill Way
Wilmington, NC 28405
Phone: [phone]
Fax [phone]
tenort No: © wIt
PRESERVATION
E_ o_ 'C'3 a e's r, C ANAMIS REQUESTED
j .
z DATE TIME
(9 - O O G. V 0
TEMP U" z x o
Effluent quarterly 5-u-2`} GGo^�
TSS,SS,Turbidity
rZ G G
c P
pH(Field):
•�Q�
G G
C P
l
G G
C P
G G
!
C P
G G
C P
G G
4
C P
G G
C P
j
G G
C P
G G
C P
i
G G
Collect samples March, June,September, December
i
Transfer
r
Relinquished By:-
Date/Time
Received By:
Date/Time
J.
f
'''
2.
Temperature when Received:Accepted: R 'ecte . Resam le Requested:
Delivered By: ' Received By: Date: _oo Time: 2

50u,tkern F-1-1vironmet-ital Group, 11-1c.
ite F, - Wi mingtors; North Carolina 2s t t 2
5515 Soutk College KoaJ, su
Fay;: g 1 0.452.Zs99
71.
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cl 4 sac;,
Individual Permit Application
for
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
.Applicant . r -: -
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
8315 N.C. Highway 55 East
Burgaw, North Carolina 28425
April 22, 2008
Agent
Southern Environmental Group, Inc.
5315 South College Road, Suite E
Wilmington, North Carolina 28412
910.452.2711 (Office)
910.452.2899 (Facsimile)

EN
,5kelter CrecL Quarry IF 12/271
Location
5E-Gi
The proposed project is located on an approximately 397.7-acre tract owned by Yellow Lab
Farms, LLC. The site is located approximately 11 miles east northeast of Burgaw and 4 miles
The project site is located south of and adjacent to NC Highway 53 East, and has an address of
12121 NC Highway 53 East, Pender County, North Carolina (34.6354°N,-77.7509°W). The
southeastern project boundary is along or close to Holly Shelter Creek, which eventually flows
into the Atlantic Ocean after passing through the Northeast Cape Fear River and the Cape Fear
River. There are approximately 184 acres of wetlands within the project area.
A small area along Holly Shelter Creek and the creek itself were not included in the delineation,
as they are outside of the proposed project area, and no impacts (present or future) are anticipated
in these areas. The property to the east and north of NC 53 is owned, and managed, by the North

SkAter [reek Quarrg 1P 151271
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC). These areas were previously managed for
timber production and are currently maintained as public game lands. To the west of the
proposed nroiect location is a sinv-le familv home owned by Mr. Steve Holland,
Figure 2: Project Site.
Existing Conditions
North Carolina's Lower Coastal Plain population is growing rapidly along the Atlantic Ocean,
and along major north/south transportation routes. Interior portions of this region are
predominantly agricultural/silvicultural, and population growth is slower in these areas.
Pender County is the 5th largest county in North Carolina, with 871 square miles. In 2000,
approximately 75% of county was forested and 10% was cropland. The population of Pender
County was'48,630 people according to the 2006 census estimate. This represents a 18.4%
increase over that reported in the 2000 Census. While there are fast growing coastal
communities in Pender County between US 17 and the Atlantic Ocean, most of the County west
of US 17 is not currently under strong development pressure. Although Burgaw and small
communities are experiencing growth, the communities on or near the ocean and navigable
waterways appear to be more desirable places for people to settle.

SkAterCreeLQuarr�) I [9/27)
Northeastern Pender County is predominantly rural with single family homes dotting areas
surrounding State-owned Game Lands, small farms, hunting clubs, and a few commercial
properties. The proposed project site is located approximately 11.5 miles cast northeast of the
town of 13ureaw and 4.2 miles west of the Maple Hill
Figure 3: Approximate project boundary and adjacent parcels (taken from Pender
There are six developed parcels located within 2 miles of the subject tract, and only one
structure within 1 mile of the proposed project. Based on an aerial review and local visits near
the six, two appear to be businesses and four appear to be single family residences.
The proposed project is located in the Lower Coastal Plain of southeastern North Carolina and in
the Carolina Flatwoods section of the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain Ecoregion. The North
Carolina Flatwoods Ecoregion is characterized as a nearly -level area where Carolina bays and
pocosins are abundant. Pine flatwoods, pine savannas, freshwater marshes, and pond pine
woodlands have been largely replaced by siviculture. Loblolly pine plantations are found
throughout the area, and the subject property was used for silviculture when purchased by the
current owner.

5heiterCrceL Cuarr� IF 1512-71
v{ya:
I air
b +C r
V.
•Yd !+{ .r f J�"' ,�7 c ,I 'i l' 'A r` i ' n t••a,'!-.!� .i�Y
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63
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Figure 4: Ecoregions Map of Southeastern North Carolina. (The project is located in the Carolina Flatwoods
area)
Ecological issues in this region are population growth and those issues associated with
agricultural and silvicultural uses. Agricultural uses may include incidental discharge into local
waterways from animal production, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the
movement of sediments from agricultural fields into tributaries, all of which may contribute to
the degradation -of water quality. Ditches, the purpose of which is to drain wetlands, have been
constructed in the area for many years, to assist with converting land to productive agricultural
and silvicultural uses. Roads, which provide access to these areas, have been maintained over
time. Aerial photographs of the WRC properties to the cast and north of the proposed site
contain a network of drainage ditches and roads used to provide public and private access to
these areas.
Most of the uplands found within the subject tract are managed for game species. The exception
is the front 72 acres, which are either in the process of being mined or are being prepared for the
purpose of mining. The managed areas include fields (for foraging and habitat); edges (for
escape cover), and an impoundment. Vegetative species, which have been planted in the fields,

`jkelt:er QreeL Quarry IF 161271
5EGi
are those utilized by White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiana), wild turkey (Meleagris
gallopavo), rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.), and bob white quail (Colinus virginianus). The
impoundment, which was constructed in uplands, provides habitat for ducks and Canadian geese
(Branta canadensis). Nesting boxes were installed to provide a safe haven for wood ducks (Aix
sponsa) to lay their eggs.
1�
The initial mining efforts are located on the northern half of the subject property. Impacts which
have occurred in this area include 0.102 acre of wetland impacts to man made channels,
i
permitted under a Nation-wide permit 39 issued on 10 June 2006 (Action ID# 200400613).
,0 \ (Attachment 1) Wetlands surrounding the initial pit, both on- and off -site, are being monitored
for impacts that may be associated with the mining effort. The Applicant's site plan was
designed to prevent and/or mitigate for impacts to on -site and off -site wetlands, located adjacent
to or near the mine.
Wetland Systems
Wetlands located within the proposed project include four types: wet flat; pocosin; bottomland
hardwood forest; and swamp forest.
Figure 5: Aerial of Location of Wetland Types On -site.

5kelter Creel ouarry IF 171271
Wet Flat
Wet flats are wetlands located on relatively level areas on interstream divides in the Sandhills
and within the Coastal Plain. These areas are seasonally saturated or inundated by a high or
perched water table, but the water table can be more than three feet below the surface during the
summer months. The wet flat located on -site is classified as a loblolly pine subtype, and the
dominant tree species include loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), red maple (Ater rubrum), and
sweetgum {Liquidambur styraciflua). Shrubs found on -site included fetterbush (Lyonia lucida),
ink berry (Ilex glabra), and sweet pepperbush (Clethra aln folia). Laurel -leaf greenbriar (Smilax
laur folia) occupies the vine stratum. The soils were characterized as a sand with high organic
content in the surface and were mapped in the Pender County Soil Survey as Muckalee loam (US
Department of Agriculture — Soil Survey, Pender County, North Carolina). This soil series is
included on both the National List of Hydric Soils, and the Hydric Soils List of North Carolina.
The primary functions provided by loblolly pine wet flats are flood water retention and habitat.
This wetland "stores" rainfall, due to a lack of topography, and allows stormwater to slowly
infiltrate the soils, eventually reaching groundwater, streams, and/or ponds. While loblolly pine
wet flats do not typically include habitat for rare species, they are valuable as habitat for other
species, in that they provide resting and foraging areas for mammals, including: white-tailed
deer, rabbits, black bear (Urus americanus), gray fox (Urcyon cinereoargenteus), red fox
(Vulpes vulpes), raccoon (Procyon lotor), opossum (Didelphus virginiana), and gray squirrel
(Sciurus carolinensis). Avian species that may utilize this type of system include: wild turkey,
and an array of song birds such as the pine warbler (Dendroica pinus,) and Carolina wren
(Thryothorus ludovicianus). Reptiles seeking shelter from larger species, and searching for prey,
may include: copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix), rat snakes (Elphae obsoleta), and box turtles
(Terrapene carolina).
Pocosin
Pocosins are similar to wet flats, but are characterized by extremely dense, nearly impenetrable
thickets of shrubs and vines. There are two subtypes of the pocosin found in southeastern North
Carolina, short and tall. The type found on -site is the tall pocosin subtype, characterized by

shelter reek Quarry IF 15/271
5EG
vegetation of normal height and organic layers of one foot or less. Pocosins are typically found
on poorly -drained interstream divides and depressions, are seasonally saturated or inundated, and
have a thick organic surface over mineral soils.
The dominant plant species by stratum include pond pine (Pinus serotina), sweet bay (Magnolia
virginiana), red bay (Persea borbonia), and loblolly pine in the canopy; fetter bush, gall berry
(Ilex coreacea), sweet pepperbush, and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) in the shrub layer; and
laurel -leaf greenbriar in the vine stratum. Mineral soils (sandy loam) overlain with thick organic
material are found in this area. The Pender County Soil Survey describes this soil series as
Muckalee loam, a hydric soil per the National Hydric Soil List and on the Hydric Soils of North
Carolina List.
Pocosins function to provide water storage and wildlife habitat by providing excellent escape
cover and an extensive berry crop. Mammals utilizing this system could include black bear,
bobcats (Felis rufus), white -tail deer, red fox, gray fox, eastern gray squirrel, and many other
small rodents and insectivores. The density of the vegetation would provide excellent nesting
habitat for neotropical migrants such as the pine warbler. Snakes, water moccasins (Agkistrodon
piscivorus), and copper beads could be found in this habitat, as could various small amphibians.
Bottomland Hardwood
Wetlands that border and grade into medium to large streams and rivers are typically of the
bottomland hardwood forest variety. The primary sources of hydrology for this type of system
are overbank flooding from the neighboring channel and groundwater flow to the stream. These
areas are irregularly to seasonally flooded and contain mineral soils usually with a mucky
surface, described as a hydric Muckalee loam in the Pender County Soil Survey (US Department
of Agriculture — Soil Survey, Pender County, North Carolina).
Vegetation typically found in the bottomland hardwood forests on the subject property include:
red maple, sweet gum, green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), and water oak (Quercus nigra) in the
canopy; and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) and laurel -leaf greenbriar in the vine stratum.
Cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea)3 netted chainfern
(ifoodivardia areolata), and saw palmetto (Sabal minor) are found in the herb layer.

Smelter Creel Quarrg I F 1J/2 J) 5 E-6 l
Functions and values associated with bottomland hardwood forests include flood retention,
pollutant removal, erosion reduction, nitrogen and phosphorus reduction, and habitat for aquatic
and terrestrial species commonly found in southeastern North Carolina. The thick vegetation
found in these areas helps to slow flood waters, which in turn allows sediments and pollutants to
filter out. The pollutants can then be absorbed into and, depending on the pollutant, bound to the
soil. In addition, slowing flood waters (i.e., reducing the velocity) reduces the flow energy in the
system and reduces, or prevents, destruction of the channel that may be caused by erosion.
Mammals that would utilize this area for foraging habitat may include the raccoon and opossum.
The water moccasin may frequent this area, as well as water snakes (Nerodia spp.), and yellow
bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta). Avian species which may utilize.this area include
prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea), pileated wood pecker (Diyocopus pileatus), barred
owl (Strix varia) and wood duck.
Swamp Forest
Swamp forests, one of the most recognizable wetland types due to the presence of large cypress
trees and little to no under story species, is a common wetland type along rivers in backswamps,
sloughs, and oxbows in the Coastal Plain. These areas are seasonally to semi -permanently
flooded to depths of up to several feet by stormwater flows, overbank flooding, and/or high
groundwater levels:
Common vegetative species include bald cypress (Taxodium distichium), swamp tupelo (Nyssa
sylvatica var. biflora), and red maple. Under -story vegetation is usually only seen during drought
conditions. In these cases, netted -chain fern (Woods ardia areolata), cinnamon fern (Osmunda
cinnamomea), and laurel -leaf green brier may begin to invade.
The functions and values and habitat utilization for swamp forests is very similar to those
associated with bottomland hardwood forests. Wood ducks may utilize these are for nesting
habitat, but the lack of mast producing species would limit its value for foraging. A frequent
resident of swamp forests is the crawfish (Procambarus spp.), a significant prey species for
raccoons and opossums. Beaver (Castor canadensis) and otters (Lutra canadensis) are
commonly found in swamp forests.

shelter CrccL &ijarry IF [ 1 O/271
Status of Existing Mine at Time
5F-Gi
The mine site is located in an area that has been identified as low risk for sink holes. The
geology of Pender County is mostly sand over -lying layers of clay and limestone that have been
deposited over the last 100 million years. According to the map below, the areas most
susceptible to sinkhole formation are associated with Tertiary limestone deposits. The mine site
is located above a deposit of Cretaceous limestone, and thus, is at a lower risk for sinkhole
formation. In addition, Mr. Steve Holland provided Mr. Floyd Williams, Chief Mining Specialist
with the NC Division of Land Resources, a letter dated 25 July 2006, describing past mining
activities near the proposed mine expansion site and lack of sinkhole formation associated with
those activities (Attachment 2). The East Coast Limestone mine was located approximately 25
feet from NC 53, and pumped approximately 1,200,000 gallons of water daily. No sink holes
were observed by the property owner, Mr. Bobby Goodson, nor were any reported by adjacent
property owners. Mr. Ray Knowles, Road Maintenance Supervisor for NC Department of Motor
Vehicles, had no knowledge of sinkholes or other problems associated with mining operations
along NC 53 during his 25 year tenure. Mr. Holland also contacted the NC Forest Service and
local farmers familiar with the surrounding properties. Neither of these groups knew of any
sinkholes in the area, nor were they aware of any problems associated with drainage due to
pumping at the former mine site.
INDEX MAP
Caaalel Plain
Depoahs
V. � riew &rrn
- - Cherry Peinl
irk - AIR Slnaon
40
P� Comp LaJaaw
f Municipality wilmingron
• Military Facility Sonny P-44 Witary Oewa 7prm;nal
p Nuclear Power Plant Brun—k HPP I . I., . I.. W. e
Major carborrara-bearing map unite '
susceptible to sinkhole develoPment i
labeled In red,
Osateraary
❑ op
lerilary !
0 IP ❑ ICC Caut.unl»e
pmn.
❑ it ❑ Ipa
1 py0 wac<eaaan F
Iry
M lob uerara rmx
;Or R1t R-4 F—.
;"s C-6 Fme.
Npriax C: $n 5W, i
Cnfaceeea i
s tp ,
♦] 11,
El Km
EQ I c j
;This 1112P shows major carbonate-bearin geologic map units (labeled in redl susceptible to sinkhole dermlo men'. The map.
;shows geological (rock) units susceptible to sinkhole formation in coastal North Carolina along with selected cities and
'critical facihfies (military and nuclear power plaml Many of these counties are experiencing rapid grevah
rre 6: Sinkhole Risk Map.

shelter Creek Quarry 1P [1 1127)
Holly Shelter Creek and Water Source
Holly Shelter Creek forms the southeastern property boundary of the project area. It is a third
order, perennial stream, with a well-defined channel, approximately 18-feet wide. The ordinary
high water mark is characterized by a defined impression in the bank, destruction of terrestrial
vegetation, presence of a litter and debris, and a wrack line. Holly Shelter Creek is large enough
to support a moderate benthic community. Six taxa of Crustacea, eight taxa of Mollusca, various
fish species, and an American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) were documented during the
2004 assessment for the Cape Fear River Basin Report. The channel has a water quality
classification of C, Sw. The "C" classification indicates that the stream is suitable for secondary
recreation, which includes: fishing, aquatic life propagation and survival, and wildlife. It is not
recommended for Class C water to come in contact with the human body. The "Sw"
classification characterizes the channel as a swamp water with low velocity. Land use in the
Holly Shelter Creek watershed is primarily silviculture, agriculture, and State owned game lands.
There is very little residential development in this area.
The main source of potable water in the North Carolina coastal plain is ground water, as it can be
used in many parts of this area with minimal treatment. As a result, ground water is relatively
less expensive when compared to other sources. The proposed project is situated above the
Black Creek Aquifer. The Black Creek Aquifer is a huge reservoir located beneath more than
fifteen coastal counties. -The aquifer supplies water to communities such as Greenville,
Jacksonville, Kinston, New Bern, and Rose Hill. This aquifer is present at elevations 317 to
-1207 feet, averaging -135 feet. It ranges from 18 to 972 feet thick and averages about 175 feet
thick (NC Division of Water Resources). Due to low permeability, the Black Creek Aquifer is
slow to recharge, and growth in this region has surpassed the aquifer's ability to recharge itself
naturally. In addition, as water is drawn out of the aquifer, the pore spaces it occupied collapse
and the storage capacity is further reduced. The Black Creek Aquifer has been labeled as
endangered by the North Carolina Division of Water Resources (DWR) and withdraws of greater
than 10,000 gallons per day require registration, or for significant withdrawals, permitting is
required.

5kelter CreeL Quarrel 1P [1 21271
Threatened and Endangered Species
SF_G�
There are no known occurrences of federally -listed or state -listed species within the project area.
Correspondence with the Natural Heritage Program (NHP) confirmed that there were no known
occurrences of Federally or State listed threatened or endangered species within 2 miles of the
proposed project. (Attachment 3) The only species identified within two miles of the project site
was the American alligator. It is listed as threatened due to similarity of appearance, which does
not afford this species any special protection. A site survey for listed species or potential habitat
was conducted by Mr. Adrian Moon of Walton Engineering in January 2006. He did not locate
any listed species or their habitat (Attachment 4). A second survey was conducted by Ms. Angie
Pennock, of Southern Environmental Group, Inc., in May 2007. She observed longleaf pines
(Pinus palustris) and loblolly pines that were approximately 8 to 10 inches in diameter, and were
surrounded by a thick, shrub under story. No cavities or birds were noted on site. No
appropriate habitat for other listed species was noted on -site during the second survey.
The NHP has identified a Significant Natural Heritage Area in Angola Bay, northwest of the
proposed project. According to the email dated 08 February 2007 (Attachment 3), from Ms.
Misty Franklin of the NHP, Angola Bay has been identified as one of the largest, undivided
peatland habitats in the state. It contains both short and tall pocosin types. According to the
NHP Inventory of Pender County, Angola Bay is an approximately30-square-mile domed
pocosin. This type of community is found only.in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Most of
this area is owned by the NC Wildlife Resources Commission. No evidence has been found to
suggest the presence of eligible archaeological or historic resources on this property.

5keiter QrccL Quarry IP 1151271
„ter- - -
- - IE� �'•.'I: -i` 1,-.
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Figure T Location Map of
the Significant Natural Heritage Area (p)'ovided by the NHP via email dated 08
Febnulry 2007).
Project Description
The applicant is proposing to expand an existing mine, The Shelter Creek Quarry. Work at this
site began in 2007, when the first cell was opened. The first area to be mined was in the
northwest corner of the site. In order to obtain the maximum amount of available limestone, the
applicant would be required to impact approximately 46.92 acres of jurisdictional wetlands. The
majority of these areas are wetland pockets and fingers which extend out from larger systems.
Due to the configuration of the on -site wetlands, the mine cannot be expanded without some
wetland impact.
The entire quarry would be mined in 4 phases, referenced as Phases IA, IB, IIA, and IIB (labeled
on the impact map as P.IA, P.IB, P.IlA, and RUB). The first phase (identified as Phase IA) lies.
to the west of the existing dirt entrance road. The northernmost cell is currently open.
Approximately 0.102 acre of wetland, found in the bottom of a man made channel, was permitted
under a Nationwide Permit 39, for portions of Phases IA and IIA (Attachment I ). The

jkelter CrccL Quarry IF ! 4/271
5EG
Nationwide Permit was signed by Ms. Lillette Granade on 10 June 2006. A corresponding
General Water Quality Certification 3402 (Project No. 060943) was issued on 26 July 2006 by
Ms. Joanne Steenhuis (Attachment 5). Currently, the perimeter of Phase I A circumvents
marginal wetland pockets. This is not the most efficient quarry configuration, as valuable
limestone may be left in the ground. Said limestone would be attainable with a less convoluted
footprint. Impacts requested for Phase I A, associated with this Individual Permit request, would
be to expand the currently permitted footprint; so that the mine edges would match the setback
requirements. Current proposed wetland impacts for the expansion of this phase are referred to
as A, B, C, and D (Attachment 6), and total approximately 17.7 acres.
The pump water collection system has been developed as part of Phase IA, and is currently in
operation. The pump water collection system pumps water to the Horseshoe Pond, where the
water's chemistry and clarity are tested. If necessary, additives will be dispersed in the water as
remediation. The water then discharges into the Level Spreader Pond, where the water level is
regulated by triple gate valves. If necessary, the water quality can be inspected in this reservoir.
The water is then released through the valves to the large central wetland system. The plan for
this system can be found in the Hydrology Monitoring Plan (Attachment 7).
The second phase of the mining operation would be Phase IIA. Wetland impacts associated with
this phase, which is found to the east of existing entrance road, were authorized under the same
permit as Phase IA. Again, the original mining footprint was designed to circumvent most
marginal wetland areas. The applicant would like to alter the existing footprint, so that the
revised footprint would match the required setbacks.. This would grant the quarry operators to
access additional limestone, and is the same scenario as Phase IA, described supra. It is
anticipated that Phases IA and I113, as currently permitted, would be•mined out in 12 to 14 years
(See Attachment 1). The proposed wetland impacts associated with the expansion of Phase IIA
are labeled as AA, BB, CC, DD, and EE, and total approximately 12.18 acres.
The third phase, IB, is found to the south of IA. No part of IB has been authorized to date, and
wetland impacts in this phase include those to areas E, F, G, and H. The proposed impacts for
Phase IB total approximately 4.4 acres of jurisdictional wetlands. The mine operators would
prefer to commence activities on Phase IB only after the completion of Phase IIA, as they feel

rjhe1ter Creel 0 'arr'9 J f [ 1 5/2 71
5r-Gi
this would be the most efficient manner to utilize the mobile crusher and pump. In addition; it
would reduce any potential access issues to Phase IB. Reclamation of each Phase would be
completed as soon as mining activities at that location have ceased.
Phase IIB would be the final section of the quarry, and is to be located to the south of Phase ILA.
Proposed wetland impacts associated with Phase I113 include those areas labeled FF, GG, HH, II,
JJ, KK,- ILL, and MM, which total approximately 12.64 acres. After the final shaping and
remediation of Phase ILB, the Shelter Creek Quarry would be closed. The resulting pits and
freshwater reservoir could potentially be used by the citizens of Pender County.
There are no impacts proposed to Holly Shelter Creek. The quarry developers are committed to
retaining the natural condition of this creek. A buffer along this channel will be maintained and
no impacts are proposed within fifty (50) feet of the stream.
..Si!ojTSS'•� '.S+i tin i Nei di S'�( �. V'• L:d.✓ Wa
Proposed
, y'FY3.iP�...'i =� 'P ` R'M
impacts 055F
Project Phase
Type ofImpact
Aced (acres}
Wetland Tags
IA
Excavation / Fill
17.7
A. B, C, and D
I B
Excavation / Fill
4.4
E, F, G, H, and I
Il A
Excavation / Fill
12.18
AA, BB, CC, DD, and
EE
II B
Excavation / Fill
12.64
FF, GG, HH, I1, JJ,
KK, ILL, and MM
* �[r
.. � y
otil 1-r t r�:
rrl " - _ .t7' �
f a6:92
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'TTatar,_
.s .iT:.:s 3.�: _ 4'i='.3''r ,..L � rr L r.�,
.'�rx, r,i +,:-
Table 1. Summary of proposed impacts for the mining project.
Sequence of events
The applicant would like to begin work on Phase IB as soon as Phase IIA has been completed. It
is anticipated that this will occur sometime within the next 7 years.
The construction sequencing will remain consistent for each phase of the mine. The necessary
berms and stortnwater diversion structures will be constructed first, then connected to the
existing systems. Silt fence will be installed in upland areas, adjacent to wetlands that are not
proposed to be impacted. Overburden will be removed, then used to construct on -site features,

5kelter Creel Quarry Ir 1161271
SF_Gi
roads and berms. Chain link fencing will be placed on top of all berms. Excess overburden will
be stored on upland areas within the project boundary. The excavation of the mining pits in each
section will begin with a sinking cut, down to a collection area, where a floating pump will be
installed. The perimeter of the initial hole will be expanded until the section has been mined to
the maximum extent possible. The final conformation for each pit will be constructed and
graded, with any excess overburden being placed in the bottom of the pit. The final
configuration may include a littoral shelf, approximately 50 feet wide, grading from vegetated
shallows to swamp and bottomland hardwood forests. The equipment, including the mobile
crusher and pump system, will be moved to the next section and the process repeated. Please
note, each phase will be reclaimed as soon as mining has ceased in that phase.
Purpose and Need
The purpose of the Applicant's proposed project is to expand an existing limestone quarry in
northeastern Pender County. The expansion of this quarry will provide various products for use
in this region,.and other parts of North and South Carolina. This project is not water dependent,
in that there are potential alternatives that would not require the utilization of surface waters.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock, formed from the shells of ancient organisms. The organisms
responsible for the Cretaceous limestone deposits found at the mine site lived.] 40 to 65 million
years ago. At that time, this region of southeastern North Carolina was located beneath a shallow
sea. Under this Cretaceous limestone deposit, a bedrock of harder igneous and metamorphic
rocks are found. These are more similar to the strata found in the Piedmont. Since the species
necessary to form limestone are typically found in shallow seas and the rock strata of the
Piedmont is predominantly made of harder bedrock, the Coastal Plain is the best location to find
limestone.
Limestone is a softer stone than granite. For this reason, it is preferred for use in concrete and in
concrete mixers. According to Mr. Steve Dorenda, when granite is used in concrete mixers, it
quickly destroys the mixing apparatus. After each alternate load, the mixing truck must be
emptied and the mixer replaced. When limestone is used in place of granite, the damage to the
mixing apparatus is significantly reduced, and replacements are required at less frequent

,5,elter Creek Quarrg 1F 1171271
5E_Gi
intervals. This constitutes a significant cost reduction for concrete companies, and is their
preferred method for. mixing.
Many of the new homes, and other constructed buildings in southeastern North Carolina, are
built on slabs of concrete. Even in the event that a crawlspace is constructed beneath the
dwelling, concrete footers are required to support load bearing walls. In addition, concrete is
used in the construction of driveways, sidewalks, curbs and gutters, culvert pipes, and foundation
blocks. Another product of limestone quarries is rip rap. These larger stones are used on almost
every construction site in southeastern North Carolina, for stabilization and filtration, which
assists in preventing excessive sediments from entering the waterways.
The United States Geologic Survey (USGS) tracks mining activities nationwide, and records
important mining statistics for each state. Over the last ten years, crushed'stone has accounted
for between 70% and 72% of all mined material nationwide, and North Carolina has ranked
between Sth and I Oth for crushed stone production during this period. During this period,
crushed stone production has increased in all but three years. (Attachment S) Mining is a
significant industry in our nation's and our local economy and infrastructure.
According to the USGS, in 1995, lb% of the mining operations in North Carolina were crushed
stone facilities. North Carolina has eight specific farms of rock utilized for crushed stone:
limestone; dolomite; calcareous marl; granite; traprock: quartzite; slate and volcanic cinder; and
scoria. In 1995, limestone was the second -most mined material, behind granite. In 2004,
crushed stone continued to lead the market in the North Carolina mining industry, and again, the
second highest rock mined for this purpose was limestone. While there have been slight
decreases in crushed rock production nationwide in three of the last ten years, there have been no
decreases in crushed limestone production in southeastern North Carolina.

kciter Creel O arry IP 1181271
Year
-Crushed Rock as Percentage
o_f Minerals Mlne .
NC Ranki4 m Nations'
for Crushed Rock.
Production '
. Percentage Change in
Volumes,of Crushed Rocle
Mined
1995
72
9
+4.4%
1996
71
9
+2.2%
1997
72
10
+4.5%
199$
71
9
+5.3%
1999
70
8
+3.3%
2000
70
8
+3.9%
2001
70
9
+3.8%
2002
71
8
-1.2%
2003
71
8
-2%
2004
70
9
+4.6%
2005
70
8
+3.8%
2006
70
9
-1.2%
Table 2. North Carolina's ranking in crushed rock market over the past decade.
Currently there are three crushed stone quarries in southeastern North Carolina: the subject
quarry; one operated by Wells Limestone Mine in Duplin County; and the third, operated by
Martin Marietta Aggregated in Pender County. The mining permits for each of these facilities
may be expiring within the next six years (Steve Holland, personal communication). Historic
mines in the region have closed, including the East Coast Limestone mine, which was in
operation for 25 years, and was located on 250 acres to the north and northwest of NC 53. As
there are so few remaining mines in the area, there is a definite need for an additional mine in
this region.
The Shelter Creek Quarry is situated in an ideal location for a large limestone mine, as there are
confirmed substantial volumes of limestone present. The mine site is located in a rural,
extremely sparsely populated portion of Pender County. The increase in traffic and noise
associated with the mine will not impact many individuals. The neighboring properties are
owned by Mr. Steve Holland and the State of North Carolina. The lack of numerous adjacent
property owners makes the monitoring of these areas for potential secondary impacts a much

Shelter Creek Quarry 1P f 1 �/Z%1
SECS
easier task; then if there were many, small, privately owned tracts. There are approximately 8.5
million tons of limestone in Phase IA and IIA and an estimated 15 million tons under the entire
proposed mine site (Steve Holland, personal communication). This project could produce large
volumes of a highly sought-after commodity, and also may result in many new jobs in this
region.
Alternatives
The Applicant investigated other potential means of expanding the existing quarry, and has been
unable to find a practicable alternative that would achieve their goals and meet their stated
purpose.
• No -Build:
The no -build alternative, or the alternative that would not require the construction of any
structures for the purposes of mining, would be to utilize a portable drill to reach the
limestone at various locations on the property. This is not a practicable alternative, as the
removal rate for the limestone would be so slow, it would preclude any marketability.
No action:
No action alternatives include those project designs that do not require the issuance of a
Department of the Army authorization. For this project, this would require the expansion
of the mine to have no additional wetland impacts. This not a practicable feat, given the
configuration of the wetland complexes found on the subject property. There is simply
not enough space between the remaining wetlands to effectively install an additional
mining area.
Another no action alternative is to tunnel down to the limestone, remove it, then ship the
limestone to another facility for crushing. There are tremendous, intrinsic safety hazards
associated with tunnel mining, including noxious/toxic gases and tunnel collapses. In
addition, the shallow nature of the water table in most of southeastern North Carolina
would preclude the excavation of tunnels to a depth necessary to reach the limestone. It
would not be financially prudent to ship the stone to an off -site company for crushing.
These reasons point to tunneling being an impracticable alternative.

Skelter Creek (Duarry 1P 120/271
• Other project designs:
.SE_G
The Applicant has reviewed several possible configurations for the quarry expansion,
including leaving Phases IA and IIA as they are currently permitted, and eliminating one,
or both, of Phases IB and IIB. The applicant has determined that leaving the project as
currently permitted, or eliminating any of the proposed new sections, would result in not
mining anywhere from '/- to'/z- of limestone that can be mined outside of the bottomland
hardwood forest (that is proposed to be preserved as part of this project). Given the need
for this product, and the limited area from which it can be obtained, leaving a large
portion of the potential reserve in the ground would not be feasible for the applicant. In
addition, it would not allow the property owner, mine operator, or the management
company to realize the expected reasonable return or the full benefit of their financial
investment. For these reasons, the applicant believes that leaving the project as currently
permitted or eliminating the proposed new sections is not a practicable alternatives.
Other project locations:
Another alternative that was discussed was the possibility of constructing the mine in
another location. This is not a practicable alternative, as the proposed project is the
expansion of an existing mine. It is highly unlikely that a site in this region could be
found, and mined, with significantly fewer impacts to aquatic resources than those
proposed. In addition, the Applicant would also incur a whole new set of start-up costs,
including: geological surveys; biological surveys; water table monitoring; purchasing the
additional property; purchasing additional equipment; and, constructing all new mining
infrastructure.
The optimum limestone conditions are limited to an area that stretches from northeastern
Fender County southwest to Brunswick County; and west to the fall line. Most of this
region is characterized by relatively flat topography and many acres of wetlands. Similar
to northeastern Pender County, western Brunswick County is extremely rural, though a
good portion of western Brunswick County is comprised of an area known as the Green
Swamp. The largest documented portion of high ground in this area is the current site of
a new landfill. It is unlikely that a mine could be constructed in the Green Swamp with

,5kcjtcr CrecL Quarry IF 12 i/2-71
SF_Gi
less impact to aquatic resources, and it is unlikely the Applicant would propose a mine in
an area dedicated for use as a landfill. The western portion of this range is simply too far
from the major development zones along the coast. The cost of shipping the material
would make it less attractive to customers. Finally, moving the mine site from
northeastern Pender County to another location would not meet the Applicant's stated
purpose and need.
• Minimization:
The current proposal requests impacts to wetlands that are predominantly marginal
examples of their type, and are either relatively small pockets, or the upper fingers
stemming from larger off -site wetland systems. The Applicant has worked diligently to
avoid the most functional wetlands on -site, namely the swamp forest located along Holly
Shelter Creek, and the large, 119.2-acre bottomland hardwood forest, found directly in
the center of the southeastern project area. The developers of this site are choosing to
utilize innovative measures to ensure the continued good health of the remaining on -site
wetlands, and neighboring off -site wetlands. According to the Hydrology Monitoring
Plan and the Operation and Maintenance Plan (Attachments 8 & 9), hydraulic barriers,
water cannons, and an innovative multiple gate discharge system will be utilized, to
ensure that neighboring wetlands will not be drained during those times when pumping
occurs in the pits. Closed ditches along the eastern and western property lines (3 feet
deep with 2:1 side slopes) will be excavated. The ditches will be flush with water at all
times, via a pump system. This will create a hydraulic barrier, which will prevent the
drainage of adjacent wetlands on the NC State Gamelands property or on Mr. Holland's
property. Water cannons will be used to spray water over remaining on -site wetlands,
with the exception of the large bottomland hardwood swamp. The large wetland
complexes on the southeastern side of the property, and along Holly Shelter Creek, will
be protected via the discharge system.
The drainage system mentioned supra should not be confused with a stormwater system.
The difference is, water in the discharge system originates from the mine pit, not from
precipitation events. A maximum volume of 2 million gallons per day may be pumped

Skcitcr Creek Cuarrg 1P 12-2/271
SEGO
from the mine pits. As the site will be mined in phases, and each phase will be reclaimed
as it is completed, a maximum discharge of 500,000 gallons of water per day seems more
likely. The water will be pumped from the mine pit to the Horseshoe Pond, where
chemical testing will occur to ensure no contamination occurs. The water will then be
transported to the Level Spreader Pond. At the release point on the Level Spreader Pond,
the mine operator installed a triple gate value system, which will be used to control the
volume of water being released into the bottomland hardwood wetland. At maximum
discharge, this would result in approximately 4194 gallons of water being dispersed on
each acre of wetlands per day, which is less than half the volume that is discharged
through rainfall alone. And, due to the fact that sheet flow from the neighboring uplands
to the large wetland area will be eliminated, additional water will be necessary to
maintain this system. If too much water is entering the bottomland hardwood area, the
valves can be closed, and the water levels allowed to drop. In the event of a large storm,
the valves can be closed and pump turned off. This will allow the mine pit to hold the
additional influx of water, and will assist to mitigate the impacts of the flood. The flood
waters will slowly be pumped out, and mining activities will resume. Due to the fact that
the quarry expansion has been designed to avoid the most functionally valuable wetlands,
was designed to impact the least functionally valuable wetlands, and the expansion
provides for measures to ensure the health of the remaining on- and off -site wetlands, it is
the Applicant's sincere belief that the proposed expansion plan is the least
environmentally damaging, practicable alternative.
Proposed Compensatory Mitigation
On -site, in -kind mitigation is typically preferred for compensatory mitigation. The Applicant
proposes to create on -site wetlands as part of the mine reclamation process. Mr. Holland will
also be preserving the large bottomland hardwood forest located on the southeastern side of the
property.

5kefter Creel Cuarr� IF 12V271
Adjacent Property Owners
"5F.G
Adjacent property owners include Mr. Steve Holland, the owner the neighboring single-family
residence, and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. Both of their contact
information can be found below.
Mr. Steve Holland
8315 NC 53 East
Burgaw, North Carolina 28425
Other Authorizations
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
Wilmington District
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, North Carolina 28405
The proposed project will require other permits, most of which have been obtained:
_s p Other Authortzaton
Type
Agency
Date Issues (1) or Applied For (A)
Pender County Special Use Permit
County Board of Commissioners
December 8, 2005 (1)
Game Land Use Permit
NC Wildlife Resources Commission
November 3, 2006 (1)
NPDES Permit (NCG020000).
NC Division of Water Quality
February 28, 2007 (I)
401 Certification (General #3402)
NC Division of Water Quality
July 26, 2006 (I)
Nationwide Permit (NW P 4 39)
US Army Corps of Engineers
June 10, 2006 (I)
Mining Permit (71-45)
NC Division of Land Resources
February 26, 2007 (I)
The NPDES, 401, Nationwide, and Mining Permits were issued only for the currently approved
Phases IA and IIA. Additional documentation likely to be required for the expansion of the
existing mine may include a CAMA Consistency determination and additional 401 Water
Quality Certification, among others.

Shelter Creel Quarr j 1P {241271
Citations
SEGO
2006 Census Data. US Census Bureau. 7 May 2008. <www.pender-
county.com/bamncort)/Population%20Estimates%20June%202007%20 3— df>
Aquifer Characteristics, NC Aquifers. NC Division of Water Resources. 21 December 2007.
<www.ncwater.org/Education and Technical Assistance/Ground_Water/Aquife_rCharacteri
stics/>
National List of Hydric Soils, US Department of Agriculture. 7 May 2008.
<soil.usda.gov/usAYdric>
The Mineral Industry of NC. US Geologic Survey. 7 May 2008.
<minerals. us j4s. gov/minerals/pubs/state/2001, /ncstmyb@ I .pdf>
US Department of Agriculture, NC DNR & Community Development, ET AL. Sol] Survey of
Pender County. US Government Printing Office, April 1990.

15kcIter Creel Quarry IF 1251271
Attachments & Figures
SE-G
Attachment 1.
Nationwide Permit 39 (issued 10 June 2006 for Phases IA & IIA)
Attachment 2.
Letter from Floyd Williams (regarding sinkholes)
Attachment 3.
Email from National Heritage Program (dated 8 February 2007)
Attachment 4.
Letter from Walton Engineering (regarding site survey)
Attachment 5.
401 Water Quality Certification (issued 26 July 2006 for Phases IA & IIA)
Attachment 6.
Mineable Area Map (provided by Walton Engineering)
Attachment 7.
Hydrology Monitoring Plan
Attachment S.
Mineral Industry of NC (information on mines in NC)
Attachment 9.
Operations & Monitoring Plan (prepared by Stephen Dorenda)
Figure I.
Data obtained from Pender County GIS
Figure 2.
Data obtained from Pender County GIS
Figure 3.
Data obtained from Pender County GIS
Figure 4.
Data obtained from US EPA
Figure 5.
Data obtained from Google Earth
Figure 6.
Data obtained from NC Geologic Survey
Figure 7.
Data obtained from National Heritage Program

,5kelterCree�Quarr IF [261271
SEGO
Application for Department of the army Permit
Os1B APPROVAL NO. 0710-0003
(33 CFR 325)
Expires December 31, 2004
The Public burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 10 hours per response, although the majority of applications should require 5 hours or leis. This
includes the time for reviewing instructions, searching esisling data soarers, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of
information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, so
Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Service Directorate of Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA
212024102; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0710-0003), Washington, DC 20503. Respondents should be aware that
notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a current vabd
OMB control number. Please DO NOT RETURN your forms to either of those addresses, Completed applical ions must be sub. illed to the District Engineer having
jurisdiction over the location of the proposed activity.
PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT
Authorities: Riven and Harbors Act, Section 10, 33 USC 403; Clean Water Act, Section 404, 33 USC 1344; Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, 33 USC 1413,
Section 103. Principal Purpose: Information provided on this form will be used in evaluating the application for a permil, Routine Uses: This information may be shared
with the Department of Justice and other federal, state, and local government agencies. Submission of requested information is voluntary, however, if information is not
provided the permit application cannot be evaluated nor can a permit be issued.
One set of originat drawings or good reproducible copies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must be attached to this application (see sample
drawings and instructiom) and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the location of the proposed activity. An applicalion that is not complete in full
will be returned.
(ITEMS 1 -1.11RU 4 SHOULD BE FILLED BY THE CORPS)
1. APPLICATION NO. 2. FIELD OFFICE CODE 1 3, DATE RECEIVED 4, DATE APPLICATION COMPLETED
(ITEMS BELOW TO BE FILLED BY APPLICANT)
5. APPLICANTS NAME
8. AUTHORIZED AGENT'S NAME AND TITLE (an agent is not required)
Shelter Creek -Quarry, LLC
Southern Environmental'Group, Inc. (SEGO
c/o Mx. Steve Holland
c/o Mr. James Taylor
6. APPLICANTS ADDRESS
9. AGENT'S ADDRESS
8315 NC Highway 53 East
5315 South College Road Suite E
Burgaw, NC 28425
Wilmington, NC 28412
7. APPLICANT'S PHONE NOS. W/AREA CODE
10. AGENT'S PHONE NOS. N7AREA CODE
a. Residence
a. Residence
b. Business 910.259.0601
b. Business 910.452.2711
11. Statement of Authorization
1 hereby authorize, SEGI to act in my behalf as my agent in the processing of this application and to furnish, upon request, supplemental
information in support of this permit application.
See Attached Letter of Agency
APPLICANTS SIGNATURE DATE.
NAME, LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECTOR ACTIVITY
12, PROJECT NAME OR TITLE (if applicable)
Shelter Creek Quarry
13, NAME OF WATERBODV, IF KNOWN (if applicable)
14. PROJECTSTRFE r ADDRESS (if applicable)
Holly Shelter Creek
12121 NC Highway 53 East
15. LOCATION OF PROJECT
Pender North Carolina
Burgaw, North Carolina
COUNTY STATE
16. OTHER LOCATION DESCRIPTION, IF KNOWN (see instructions)
The proposed project site is located on the south side of NC 53 east of Burgaw, NC. Please see the
attached documentation for a complete description of the site.
17. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE:
From Wilmington, travel west on I-40 to the NC 53 exit, Turn Ieft onto NC 53, The site is located
approximately 9.8 miles down the way, on the left side of the road.

jhcItcr Creek Quarry If 127/Z71 5 E-6
18. Nature of the Activity: (Description of Project, include all features)
Please see the attached documentation for a complete description of the proposed project.
19. Project Purpose: (Describe the reason or purpose of the project, see instructions)
To expand an existing limestone mine in northeastern Pender County. Please see the attached
documentation for additional information.
I1SE BLOCKS 20-22 IF DREDGED AND/OR FML MATERIAL IS TO BF; DISCHARCED
20. Reason(s) for Discharge
Expansion of an existing limestone quarry. Please see the attached documentation for additional
information about the reason for the purposed discharge.
21. Type(s) of Material Being Discharged and the Amount of Each Type in Cubic Yards
Only clean fill material will be used. The cubic yardage is unknown at this time as it will be
dependent on the final mine reclamation.
22. Surface Area in Acres or Wetlands or Other Waters Filled: (see instructions)
Approximately 46.92 acres.
23. Is Any Portion of the V1'ork Already Complete? Yes No X_ IF YES, DESCRIBE THE
COMPLETED WORK
No portion of the proposed mine expansion has been completed at this time.
24. Addresses of Adjoining Property Owners , Leases, Etc., Whose Property Adjoins the Waterbody (if more than can be entered
here, please attach a supplemental list)
Please see the attached documentation for a Iist of adjacent property owners.
25. List of Other Certifications or Approvals/Denials Received from other Federal, State or Local Agencies for Work Described in
this Application.
Please see the attached documentation for a list of other authorizations.
26. Application is hereby made for a permit or permits to authorize the work described in this application. 1 certify that the
information in this application is complete an accurate. I further certify that I possess the authority to undertake the work
described herein or am acting as the duly authorized agent of the applicant.
Signature of Applicant Date Signature of Agent Date
The application must be signed by the person who desires to undertake the proposed activity (applicant) or it may be signed by a
duly authorized agent if the statement in block 11 has filled out and signed.
18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner'%%ithin the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United
States knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals, or covers up any trick, scheme, or disguises a material fact or make any false
fictitious or fraudulent statements or representations or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing same to contain any
false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or entry, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned no more than five years or
both.

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Michael F. Easley, Governor
Lisberh C. Evans, Secretary
Jeffrey f. Crow, Dcpury Secreiary
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
Perer B. Sandbeck, Administrator
Office of Archives and History
Division of Historical Resources
David Brook, Director
June 24, 2008
Amanda Kolb
Southern Environmental Group, Inc. 1
5315 South College Road, Suite E
Wilmington, NC 28412
Re; Expansion of Limestone Mane, The Shelter Creek Quarry, 12121 Highway 53 East, Pender County,
ER 08-1085
Dear Ms. Kolb:
Thank you for your letter of May 1, 2008, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a review of the proposed undertaking and are aware. of no historic resources that would be
affected by the project. Therefore, we have no comment on the undertaking as proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Advisory Council on Historic Presmation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CPR
Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
contact Renee Gledhill -Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919-807-6579. In all future
communication concerning this project, please cite the above referenced tracking number.
Sincerely,
Peter Sandbeck
Locatiom 109 Fnoione, Street, Ilalrigh NC. 27001 Mailing Addrtss: 4617 Mail Strvice Comer, ttalcigh N(' 27699-4617 Telephone/Fax: (919) M-6570f807-6599

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A b�G r, dto�Is�to� ��Q 0-7
�OF W TE9p Michael F. Easley, Governor
G William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
p Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
February 28, 2007
Stephen C. Holland
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
8315-Highway 53 East
Burgaw, NC 28425
Dear Mr. Holland:
RECEIVED
MAR 01 2007
Y-
Subject: General Permit No. NCG020000
Shelter Creek Quarry
COC No. NCG020679
Pender County
In accordance with your application for a discharge permit received on May 16, 2006, we
are forwarding herewith the subject certificate of coverage to discharge under the subject state —
NPDES general permit. This permit is issued pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina
General Statute 143-215.1 and the Memorandum of Agreement between North Carolina and the
US Environmental Protection Agency dated May 9, 1994 (or as subsequently amended).
Please take notice that this certificate of coverage is not transferable except after notice to
the Division of Water Quality. The Division of Wate'r Quality may require modification or
revocation and reissuance of the certificate of coverage.
You are responsible for meeting and staying in compliance with all conditions in your
permit. One area of special note is requirements for mine dewatering found in Section C Part 1
of the permit (Part III Page 5 of 9). Your facility has previously worked with staff in our .
Wilmington Regional Office and has received approval of the Operation and Monitoring Plan
(O&M.Plan) in accordance with these requirements. As noted in a previous letter from Linda
Willis dated February 19, 2007, noted impacts to wetlands or exceedance of effluent limits will
require the discontinuation of dewatering or other discharges until effective measures approved
by the Division, are in place to correct these problems. The O&M plan is an enforceable part of
your permit and you should continue to work with the Regional Office on it's implementation.
Information included in your application indicated potential use of chemical additions to
improve the quality of discharged waters. If this process is pursued at a later point in time, you
will have the chemicals and delivery system approved by the Division prior to their use.
NorthCarolina
Naturally
North Carolina Division of Water Quality 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 Phone [phone] Customer Service
Internet: wa'w.nen'atcrqualiN.org Location: 512 N. Salisbury St. Raleigh, NC 27604 Fax [phone]
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer— 50% Recycled110% Post Consumer Paper

l;errnit No. NCG020679
Mr. Stephen C. Holland
February 28, 2007
This permit does not affect the legal requirements to obtain other permits which may be
required by the Division of Water Quality or permits required by the'Division of Land '
Resources, Coastal Area Management Act or any other federal or local govermnental permit that
may be required.
If you have any questions concerning this permit, please contact Bethany Georgoulias at
telephone number [phone] ext. 529.
Sincerely,
ORIGINAL SIGINED BY
BRAD!_EY ISEN ETT
Alan W. Klimek, P.E.
cc: Wilmington Regional Office
Central Files
Stormwater Permitting Unit Files
Attachments

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
GENERAL PERMIT NO. NCG020000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE No. NCG020679
STORMWATER, MINE DEWATERING, AND/OR OVERFLOW FROM
PROCESS WATER RECYCLE SYSTEMS DISCHARGES
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful
standards and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Stephen Holland
is hereby authorized to construct and operate dewatering treatment systems, and, is authorized to
discharge stormwater and discharges associated with mine dewateringfrom a facility located at
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
8315 Highway 53 East
Pender County
to receiving waters designated as Holly Shelter Creek, class C-Sw water, in the Cape Fear River
Basin in accordance with the effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions
set forth in Parts 1, 11, III, IV, V, VI and VII of General Permit No. NCG020000 as attached.
This certificate of coverage shall become effective February 28, 2007.
This Certificate of Coverage shall remain in effect for the duration of the General Permit.
Signed this day February 28, 2007.
-"�NED BY
for Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
By the Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

LOCATION MAP:

Re: `.nfon ia!ion aboul resources near a proposed project
Subjecl: Re: Information about resources near a proposed project
From: Misty Franklin <misty.franklinCncmail.nel>
Date: Thu, 08 Feb 2007 16:A:00 -0500
To: Angie Pennock <[e-mail]>
Angie Pennock -
Southern Environmental Group
via email to: anpi ❑,segi.us
Ocar Ms. Pennock:
The Natural I lerilage Program database contains records for two species of rare plants, one rare animal, and one Significant Natural Heritage Area within 2
miles of the project area shown on your maps of I February 2007. None of the rare species or Significant Natural Heritage Area are known to be located within
die project area, but the project areas may simply not have been surveyed previously.
Rare species reported within 2 miles of the project area:
Plants:
Sessile Yellow Stargrass (Hypoxis sessilis) - NC: Significantly Rare
Sarvis Holly (Ilex amelanchier) - NC: Significantly Rare
Animals:
American Alligator (Alligator miss issippiens is) - US: 711reatened (S/A), NC: Threatened
The Angola Bay Significant Natural Heritage Area, a conservation site of sialewide significance, is located nearby. This site supports one of the most extensive
and intact pealland complexes in the state, containing all the major pocosin community types.
Additionally, the general area around Maple Hill is critically important for biodivrtsity in North Carolina, with a major concentration of fedemlly- and swte-
listed rare plants and animals within 10 milts of the project site. We recommend careful surveys and planning to minimize impacts to the any rare species and
natural communities that occur within the study area. Secondary and cumulative impacts should also be carefully considered, as these irrtpacts can reach far
beyond the footprint of dic original project. if rare species are encountered during surveys, we request that information about these occurrences be submitted to
NC Natural Heritage Program.
Goveinment and conservation agencies have a high interest in purchasing land in this area for consmation, to add to an existing network of nature preserves. If
your site is in natural condition and the client would be interested in selling the land for conservation, I would be happy to direct you to the appropriate agency.
The use of Natural Heritage Program data should not be substituted for actual field surveys, particularly if the project area contains suitable habitat for rare
species, significant natural communities, or priority natural areas. You may wish to check the Natural Heritage Program database website at www_ .ncnhp.org for
a listing of rare plants and animals and significant natural communities in the county and on the topographic quad. map.
NC OneMap now provides digital Natural Heritage data online for free. This service provides site specific information on GIS layers with Natural Heritage
Program rare species occurrences and Significant Natural Heritage Areas. The NC OneMap website provides Element Occurrence (EO) ID numbers (instnd of
species name), and the data user is then encouraged to contact the Natural Heritage Program far detailed information. This service alluws the user to quickly
and efficiently gel site specific NHP data without visiting the NHP work -zoom or waiting for the Information Request to be answered by NHP staff. For more
information about data formats and access, visit www.nconem22.com/data.htmi, or email NC OneMap at dataq{iiMcmail. net,
Please do not hesitate to contact me at 919-715-8700 if you have questions or need further information
Angie Pennock wrote:
Hi Misty,
I am with an environmental consulting company, Southern Enrvironmcnml Group, and we are working on a project northeast of Burgaw of of Hwy 53 in
Pender County. The property owner is Mr. Steve Holland. Please see the attached maps for the project location. We would like to know what resources are
found within two miles of the site. Could you provide a map dial shows the location of any special sites or listed species within two miles.
Please let me know if there is anything else I need to provide to you.
'!hank you,
Angie Pennock
Senior Consultant
SEGi

Michael F. Easley, Governor
Witham G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
a -J1 North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
-mime ?j 5
.July 26,,2006
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC
c/o Mr. Steve Holland
8315 Highway 53 East
13urgaw, NC 28425
Alan W. Klimek, P,E. Director
Division of Water Quality
Subject; General 401 Water Quality
Certification #3402
DWQ Project #060943
Shelter Creek Quarry
Pender County
Dear Mr. Holland:
The Wilmington Regional Office received your Pre Construction Notification application for a
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Nationwide 39 Permit. The wetland impacts proposed are for the
purpose of a limestone rock quarry. You are authorized to impact 0.102 acres of wetland impacts under
the General Water Quality Certification (GC) # 3402 (attached). This Certification can also be found on
line at. littp://h2o enr,state.nc,us/ncwetlands/certs,himl. This Certification allows you to use your 404
Permit when the Corps of Engineers issues it. Written concurrence from the Division of Water Quality
(DWQ) is not required provided that you can meet all of the conditions of the General Certification.
If at anytime during construction of your project you determine that you cannot meet these
conditions or if there are any additional impacts to. wetlands or water quality not described in your
application, you must contact this office immediately.
If you have any questions concerning this matter, please do not hesitate to call me at (910)-796-.
7215.
Sincerely, rye
"7
Joanne Steenhuis
<- Environmental Specialist III
Enclosure: GC #3402
cc: Dana Lutheran — Southern Environmental Group, Inc.
Ian McMillan - 401 Oversight Unit
Keith Harris - USACE Wilmington
Stephen Rynas — DCM Morehead
Central Office
WiRO
North Carona Division of Water Quality 127 Cardinal Drive Extension Phone (910) 79&7215 Customer Service 1-877-623-6748
Wilmington Regional Office Wilmington, NC 28405-3845 FAX [phone] internet h2o.enr.stale.nc.us One
An Equal QAportunitylAffrmalive Action Employer - 500% Recycledll0% Post Consumer Paper N1ort�I CAI o!]na
'A7nfii++n//t.r

'q -)-f z h ry7e,,4 ---,
Mr. Stephen Holland
8315 Highway 53 East
Burgaw, North Carolina 28425
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]
July 25, 2006
Mr. Floyd Williams
Chief Mining Specialist
Division of Land Resources
Land Quality Scction
1612 Mail Service Center
Raleigh NC, 27699-1612
Dear Mr. Williams,
Per our recent telephone conversation on July 24, 2006, F am submitting herewith some facts as stated
by local residents, private land owners, and state employees as it pertains to sink holes and water pump ping over
a 25 year period.
I first contacted Mr. Bobby Goodson, past owner of East Coast Limestone who stated that he mined
withinn 25 feet of highway 53 and "pumped 1,200,000 gallons of water daily with his mining operation. He
further stated that he never saw a sink hole on his mining property, on highway 53, or never received a
complaint of a sink hole from any of the land owners 'surrounding his mine.
I then contacted state employee Mr. Ray Knowles (Road Maintenance Supervisor-NCDOT) who was
responsible for right of ways, ditches and general maintenance for Pender County and surrounding areas. Never
during his 25 year tenure as supervisor did Mr. Knowles hear of or personally see any sink holes or other
problems from the mining operation on highway 53.
I later spoke to Mr. Hagen Blake of the NC Forest Service who stated that they never had a problem in
the Maple Hill area or Angola Bay as it pertained to sink holes or other excessive pumping problems.
Next I visited Mr. Willis Sholar, Dwight Sholar and ,Foe Sholar who own Sholar Farms and Fertilizer.
They have farmed the area around East Coast Limestone for approximately 30 years and have actually planted
and farmed my land for the past five years. They have farmed the surrounding area with corn and soy beans for
the past 30 years. My farm has been planted with corn for the past 10 years and they have fertilized and farmed
it during this period of time as well. They stated that they have never seen sink holes within approximately 10
miles of this mine and never had crop problems because of dewatering at the East Coast Limestone mine.
I then went to Mr. David Watts' home who is the adjoining landowner to my farm and discussed this
same issue of sink holes and water problems. He stated that he never had any water problems as it might relate
to dewatering nor. has he ever seen sink holes in this area.
Because of all the concerns over sink holes and possible dewatering of wetlands and adjoining property,
I have also included my following comments:
Y Since quantities of water to be pumped are all hypothetical and are attempted to be proven with
theoretical formulas, I have included some interesting data comparing cones of depletion. As we

know, some individuals tend to use deductive reasoning as it pertains to proposed pumping
quantities and sink holes.
Example: Sink holes have been found in crustaceous limestone; consequently, all crustaceous limestone has
sink holes. Certain mining operations at Rocky Point and Castle Hayne pump large quantities of water,
consequently; all proposed mining operations in this area will pump large quantities of water.
I have included a map titled Cone of Depletion for two different mine sites. This map shows cones of
depletion of 8,000 feet, and rater my attempting to quote more deductive reasoning for these two sites; l wish to
produce some empirical reasoning as follows:
EAST COAST LIMESTONE COMPANY was in business for 25 years and produced the following factual
information:
I. They mined 250 acres of land north and northwest of Highway 53.
2. They mined within 25 feet of Highway 53.
3. They never pumped over 1.2 million gallons of water per day. That occurred in the last five
years of operation. They pumped far less water per day in the previous 20 years.
4. They never had any sink holes show up in their area of mining, in or on any farmland adjoining
the property, nor on Highway 53.
5. Farmers who were contacted that planted corn and soybeans in the area surrounding the mine
stated that they never saw sink holes.
6. Farmers in the surrounding area never complained that the mine dewatered their property to the
extent that farming was affected.
7. The over -lapping cones of depletion shown on the map prove that both mine sites have an area
of exacting conditions.
S. The sedimentary rock found at Shelter Creek has the same type of cap rock that was found at
East Coast Limestone, because actual pump down test showed very small vertical movement of
the water in the over -burden. The deep wells showed the greatest amount of vertical depletion
of water.
9. Empirical proof delineated above shows that water depletion in over -burden will be at a
minimum and sink holes will not become a problem with Shelter Creek Mining begins its
operation.
Sincerely,
Mr. Stephen Holland
Owner
Digitally signed by
Stephen C. Holland
Reason: l am the author
of this document
Location: Burgaw, North
Carolina

06/1212006 09:08 9197339612 PAGE e3
Mr- Stephen Holland =
Shelter Greek Quarry
Additional Information bequest
,tune 12, 2006
Compliance with Section C Pan II1 1. Through 6.: Effluent Limitations and -Monitoring Requirements
for Mine-Dewatering Wastewater and Process Wastewater
This section of the permit requires Shelter Creek Quarry to provide an Operation and Monitoring
Plan that will demonstrate the effect of pumping and, as necessary, establish the pumping regime z
necessary to reduce the potential impacts to adjacent wetlands. Please refer to Page 5 of 9.Pan'-HI.of the'
NPDES NCG020000 Permit Conditions.
Based on the above the Division is requesting the following information to support continued processing
of this permit application:
• The application indicates three (3) types of discharge (stormwater, mine dawatering, and prbcess.
wastewater overflow ). Are all of these waters discharged from one point --at the.level
spreader?(O&M)
• Please provide design specifications and calculations for the level spreader and water
cannons.(O&.M)
• The narrative states the level spreader will not discharge directly into the well and; 'however`; _the,;:;
.retention pond map shows the level spreader discharging to wetlands: Please cleanly address -this
discrepancy.(O&M)
• The radius of influence calculation provided is based on a steady-state radial flow equation.'
What assumptions were used for determining this radius of influence around the raining site?
Please submit any available monitoring well data that support assumptions. Please clearly detail
in your written response these assumptions are justified at this mine site. (You should include in
your response all appropriate calculations and copies of relevant citations.) Please, address the
discrepancies between the submittal of the second radius of influence calculation vs. the fif5t.
submitted, and their discrepancy with the calculation performed by the Lard Quality Section.
utilizing the data you provided with your second calculation_ Once the zone of influen;ce.is-
determined., identify the wetlands in the impact area and locate additional monitoring wells (if
needed) accordingly. (O&M)
• The narrative describes a "cone of depletion" from the initial quarry: pond that covers "an I800';:
area." Contrary to the statement on page 5, this value is not mentioned earlier in the narratiye.
Where does this value come from, and how was it determined or calculated? What are: the
assumptions? The 1800' cone of depletion refers only to the impacts the initial quarry.pond will-
impose- Please provide the cone of depletion caused by the proposed Phase I mine pit: Identify:
all areas on.site and off site that will be impacted by the dewatering activities- Determine
whether additional monitoring wells would be required if impacts will occur in areas outside the:
present monitoring well locations. (0&-M)
• Please provide data or other information about how seasonal changes in the water table relative ..
to the wetlands and their jurisdictional status have been evaluated.(O&M)
• The narrative indicates the wetlands will be protected through the use of ponds, w.aier canons,
and a level spreader, but there are no calculations or models to support this claim. Please
provide additional technical information and calculations to support that these techniques will
protect the surroundiniz hydrology. The narrative (page 2) suggests for every 12 square feet of
wetland, 1 gallon of water will be dispersed- At what rate is this discharge being proposed?„
(O&M)
• Please clearly indicate the amount of buffer to be established around -the mine footprintedge and
the respective wetland edges. Are the wetlands located within this buffer and will Iliey,be
drained from the hydraulic gradient change and pumping of the mine? :.

06/12/2006 09:08 9197339612
PAGE 04
Mr. Stephen Holland
Shelter Creek Quarry f
Additional Information Request
June 12. 2006
• &Please provide wetland monitoring plan such that data may be collectedio insure that)w' etlands k.
proposed to be avoided are adequately monitored. {
*Waland Monitoring Plan. The wetland monitoring plan should include a map ind i atir%g th&
landscape position of all wetlands, ditches, proposed well placement, barrow areas, stoi;mgater'.
controls, the mine footprint and frequency of wetland physical monitoring (efforts to Onbi :ically
reaffirm the presence of the jurisdictional wetland lime and soils), well data collection„ weir
inspections and maintenance, data analysis, and reporting. This plan shaul'd also include char;~
details on a monitoring plan schedule. The monitoring of the wetland and all existing nmonitorisig
wells should begin immediately if these data have not been collected.
*Weil Placement. The placement of wells should be placed within the'mine site property s
boundary and within the cone of depression (you must explain how rnariy wells will be installed,
their locations and provide details on installation, data loggers and depths etc.)
*Monitoring. Monitoring results prior to mine site operation will be i'equirernent.
Specifically, once the monitoring wells locations are approved monitori�g must occur prior to
the time of construction and through the duration of the time the site is,being mined, aitd for 5
years after the mining efforts have been completed unless otherwise approved in writing b�'.
NCDWQ. Please include a monitoring plan response.
*Well Maintenance Plan. Wells must be properly installed and propdily maintained.
throughout the active life of the mine, through reclamation efforts, and for 5 years afti'F the[
Division of Land Resources releases the site and determines the Hollan6L'Shelter mine site has
been -reclaimed unless otherwise approved in writing by NCDWQ. Please include a vv 11
maintenance plan with your response-
1,
J.
*Physical Monitoring. Physical monitoring of wetlands for instability; erosion, slouahin�,
subsidence, collapse, newly formed sinkholes and/or removal of the hydi ology of wet�altd.is
also required. This monitoring may be accomplished by inspection of the wetland areas while.,t
conductinb well maintenance efforts. Provide a physical monitoring plats with your
iresponse.(O&M)
• Please clearly explain how you propose to analyze these monitoring data to determine°:tvheihef_v
the wetland hydrology is removed or being maintained. If monitoring results indicate impacts -to
the avoided wetlands, please explain how these impacts may be abated.You must prCriide>.on
your site map, the location of a permanent on site rain gauge. Monitoring data and proper
maintenance of the rain gauge must be provided -(O&M)
• Please provide more detail. about groundwater monitoring strategies thai mill be used io
demonstrate the effect of pumping, and what type of pumping regime will be necessat!y to tedtYee
impacts to wetlands. More extensive pumping test data should be included. This and -Vie
information in the two aforementioned bulleted items should be part of a, comprehein5fve .
Operation and Monitoring (O&M) Plans, which requires approval by the Division (as sp cifsed
in NPDES permit NCG020000) before issuance.(O&M)
• The 72.5 acre mining site is estimated to produce 250,000 gallons per day (gpd) of water..;Z'he=
only reference to how this value was obtained was that the estimate bad' ,been 500,000talldns F:
when the original plan was for a mine over twice as large. Please provide calculations' to s 1ppoit
the 250,000 gpd estirnate.(O&M)
• The application indicates process wastewater overflow will be discharged in addition to m1e
dewatering (Question '7.), and that overflows will occur during rain events exceeding tie 10-yd�t
event (Question 15-c-); however, there are no details about any closed lbop recycle system�thar'
has the potential to overflow. Will there be a recycle system for any wastewater? (If §o,.p'lans;-,
specifications, and design calculations trust be submitted for approval -)(O&M) f

06/12/2006 09:08 9197339612 PAGE 05
Mr. Stephen Holland
Shelter Cheek Quarry
Additional Information Request
June 12, 2006
• What size storm event have the settling ponds and retention pond been designed for? ;(For
example, the 10-year, 24-hour event?) Please provide calculations to support that these -ponds :-
will be able to hold run-off from the design storm. as well as the mining operation process-
wastewater pumped there_ Is this the only place where stormwater will: discharge from this
site?(O&M)
• Maintenance areas and bulk fuel storage areas are not indicated on"the site map. Please show
where these areas will be. What secondary containment will be provided? (BMP)
• The application indicated that this facility was not going to use chemicals for flocculation -
however, the narrative discusses the potential for chemical additions tothe wastewater. Will
flocculants potentially be used at this site"(BMP)
• Please include the retention pond on the detailed wetlands and site layout map.(BMP)
In the BMPs plan the analytical and qualitative monitoring requirements for mine dew.ateriing
wastewater and wastewater associated with sand/gravel mining must be'.specificall y addressed:
and identified to ensure these requirements are understood and met. (BMP)
• The General Stormwater & Wastewater Permit for Mining (NCG020000) requires a Storm:: water
Best Management Practices (BMPs) Plan that includes: a thorough inspection and maintenance
plan; preventative maintenance and good housekeeping measures, including spill control and
cleanup measures; stormwater management requirements; and the requirement that erosion and:
sedimentation control (E&SC) measures in the mining permit or E&SC plan approved by:the
Division of Land Resources be implemented. In addition, the NCG02 permit requires. -qualitative
and analytical monitoring of discharges. Please submit the Stormwater BMPs Plan fot this site
and plans for addressing monitoring requirements. This submittal is not required before the
permit can be issued but must be submitted before breaking ground at the mine site.(B'MP)
Please submit the information by July 17, 2006, so we can continue processing: your request,. If you
have any questions or would like to discuss any of these items further, please contact me at (019) 733
5083, extension 529.
c.erely,
Bethany A_ Georgoulias
Environmental Engineer
cc: Wilmington Regional Office/Ed Beck, Noelle Lutheran, Linda Willis
Stormwater Permitting Unit Files
'Mr. Dan Sams, Division of Land Quality, WiRO
Mr. Floyd R. Williams, Division of Land Resources, Raleigh

MINING CHECKLIST FOP ROUTING MAY 1 0 2006
�� � LG BY: �
Applicant's Name: Project Name:
Applic./Permit No.: County: PPsi -Date Received:
Reviewer: j River 3asin Name:
&&w ❑ Renewal ❑ Modification (inside permit boundaries)
❑ Modification (outside p r t boundaries) ❑ Transfer ❑ Release
❑ Partial Release YA616fitional Information ❑ Fee Needed: $
❑ Fee Received: $
IV i Regional Office (2 complete copies; attach gional
Office Mining Application Review Checklist" to one copy and attach e DWQ an DAQ
"Mining Application Review Form" to the other copy; send both copies t ai Engineer)
Date: Routed Q b ec'd
llpivioion of Water Re5ource5 Date: Routed Rec'd
❑ NC Wildlife Re5ource5 Commission Date: Routed Rec'ci
❑ U5 Fish & Wildlife Service Date: Routed Rec'd
(Only new applications and modification requests that add land to the permit)
Please route first 3 pages of the application and a-myIraVQn mrp5 to:
❑ Division of Parks & Recreation Date: Routed Rec'd
❑ NC Geological Survey Section Date: Routed Rec'd
(Only new applications and modification requests that add land to the permit)
❑ Division of Archives & History Date: Routed Rec'd
(Only new applications)
❑ Other: Date: Routed Rec'd
"Suopen5e Date for Comments: D (no later than 25 days
from receipt) 7A �
Please note the following:

m

u
WE CE;jv�
MINING CHECKLIST FOP, ROUTING MAY 2006
tc
BY:
Applicant's Name: 6*-V6 _ Project Name:
Applic./Permit No.: County:P"4", Date Received: 5/s-/-a
Reviewer. j River Basin Name:
XNew ❑ Renewal ❑ Modification (inside permit boundaries)
❑ Modification (outside p r it boundarie5) ❑ Transfer ❑ Release
❑ Partial Release dditional Information ❑ Fee Needed: $
Fee Received: $.
l
i I Regional Office (2 complete copies; attach " gional
Office Mining Application Review Checklist" to one copy and attach e DWQ an DAQ
"Mining Application Review Form" to the other copy; Send both copies t al Engineer)
Date: Routed p a ec'd
ivi5ion of Water Reoource5 Date: Routed Reed
❑ NC Wildlife Re5ource5 Commission Date: Routed Rec'd
❑ U5 Fish & Wildlife Service Date: Routed Rec'd
(Only new applications and modification requests that add land to the permit)
I f rh?,- applicaVorl aricl anyi
❑ Division of Parke & Recreation Date: Routed Rec'd
❑ NC Geological Survey Section Date: Routed Rec'd
(OnEy new applications and modification reque5t5 that add land to the permit)
❑ Division of Archives & History Date: Routed Rec'd
(Only new applications)
❑ Other: Date: Routed Rec'd
*-*5uspense Date for Comments:
from receipt)
Please note the following:
(no later than 25 days
M�A-m -4'U

North Carolina
James D. Simons; P.G., P.E.
Director and State Geologist
MEMORANDUM
NCDENR
Department of Environment and Natura
Division of Land Resources
Land Quality Section
May 8, 2006
TO: Mr. Nat Wilson
Hydrogeology Group
Division of Water Resources
FROM: Brenda M. Hartii
Mining Program Secretary
Land Quality Section
Resources
SUBJECT: Mining Permit Application for shelter Creek Quarries LLC
Shelta Creek Quarry
Pender County
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. floss Jr., Secretary
® Mine Dewatering Proposed ❑ No Mine Dewatering Proposed
Please find attached for your review a copy of the mining permit modification
request for the above referenced project.
Please review this information and advise as to the probability of this operation
having unduly adverse effect on May 30, 2006 so that we may complete our review of
this request within our statutory time limits.
Any comments your agency can provide regarding potential effects on potable
groundwater supplies and groundwater quality will be appreciated. We would like to
have any recommendations you may provide for permit conditions, for reasonable
protection of groundwater quantity or quality.
If your staff wishes to perform a site inspection, it is recommended that they
contact the person submitting this request to set up a convenient date and time. Also,
please send a copy of your comments to the person noted in the application.
PLEASE RETURN ALL APPLICATION MATERIALS AND MAPS WITH YOUR
REVIEW COMMENTS TO THIS OFFICE.
Your continued cooperation is greatly appreciated. Please contact Ms. Judy
Wehner at [phone] if you have any questions.
/bmh
Attachments
cc: Mr. Dan Sams
1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612 • 919-733-4574 / FAX [phone]
512 North Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27604

� North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
Richard B. Hamilton, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
TO: Brenda M. Harris
Land Quality Section
NCDLR
FROM: Steven H. Everhart, PhD
Southeastern Permit Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program
DATE: February 13, 2006
SUBJECT: Mining Permit Application for Town of Holden Beach — Turkey Trap Road Barrow Pit —
Brunswick County
Biologists with the North Carolina. Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) have reviewed the subject
application for impacts to wildlife and fishery resources. Our comments are provided in accordance with
provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661 et. seq.),
and the North Carolina Mining Act of 1971 (as amended, 1982: G.S. 74-76 et seq., 15 NCAC 5).
The applicant is requesting authorization to mine sand from 31.5 acres at a site located in the northeast
quadrant of the intersection of SR 1124 and 1181. Total excavation is expected to be 16.9 acres with 1.2
acres of processing area/haul road, and a total of 0.07 acres of wetlands impacted (0.05 acre excavated
and 0.02 acre filled). Expected mine depth is -30 feet as measured from the natural existing ground level
with depth range of -16 to -35 feet. The applicant states that they will maintain 25 foot buffers around the
excavated areas. Final reclamation will result in 8 ponds that are not to be stocked with fish. Reclaimed
areas will be planted with stabilizing grasses.
The wetlands on the site are adjacent to and drain into Ox Pen Branch. This stream is designated as Class
C, Sw HQW by the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ). Waters protected for secondary recreation,
fishing, wildlife, fish and aquatic life propagation and survival, agriculture and other uses suitable for
Class C. Secondary recreation includes wading, boating, and other uses involving human body contact
with water where such activities take place in an infrequent, unorganized, or incidental manner. Sw is a
supplemental classification intended to recognize those waters that generally have naturally occurring
very low velocities, low pH and low dissolved oxygen. HQW is a supplemental classification intended to
protect waters with quality higher than state water quality standards. There are associated wastewater
treatment and development controls enforced by DWQ.
Mailing Address: Division of Inland Fisheries • 1721 Mail Service Center • Raleigh, NC 27699-1721
Telephone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]

Turkey Trap Road Pit 2 February 13, 2006
We have the following concerns regarding the proposed project:
• The adjacent wetlands are part of Ox Pen Branch. Although the applicant states that they
will not discharge water into waters of the State in C.3.b. of the application, C.5.b. states
that water will be pumped into wetlands. It appears that either a stormwater
permit/NPDES permit would be required for which application has not been made.
• The drawings provided indicate a total of 0.07 acre of wetlands is to be directly impacted
by filling or excavation. The wetlands on this site have been previously mapped as
managed pineland and pine flatwoods. A USACE verification of wetlands present and
impacted has not been provided and a Section 401/404 permit application has not been
submitted for this project. Mitigation for wetland impacts may be required.
• We recommend the use of locally native species such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
for post -disturbance stabilization. Also, we recommend shrub species such as wax myrtle
(Myrica cerifera), silverling (Baecharis halitnifolia), and/or marsh elder (Iva fruteseens)
for stabilization around the pond edge. The use of these species will provide food and
cover for wildlife not afforded by lawn grasses typically used for stabilization.
• We recommend 100 ft and 50 ft native forested buffers are maintained or created on both
sides of perennial and intermittent streams, respectively. USACE verification of
wetlands present will identify the type stream.
• The applicants do not provide justification for reduced wetland buffers. We recommend
that DLR requirements of 50 ft undisturbed buffers adjacent to isolated wetlands on -site
be enforced.
The NCWRC does not support the issuance of this mining permit without further consideration of its
impacts on fish and wildlife resources in the area. We look forward to receiving additional information
about the possible impacts of this mine.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this application. If you have any questions or
require additional information regarding these comments, please call me at [phone].
cc: Noelle Lutheran, DENR/DWQ
Jim Gregson, DENR/DCM
Henry Wicker, USACE
Tom Farrell, USACE
Steve Wheeler, Holden Beach

FEB 0 g 2006
SHELTER CREEK QUARRY NARRATIVE 900Z � 0 93,E
QJAIIJDId
The enclosed revision of the Shelter Creek Mining Map was created
to answer questions and further explain the changes to the original plan that
has been submitted. These changes become necessary because of the lack of
final approval to the wetland delineation map submitted. Some of the items
contained in the original submission of documents have been omitted from
this map due to available space. Important questions asked by the N.C.
Water Quality and the N.C. Wildlife commission personnel are explained by
drawings on the revised map or found in this narrative.
It is certainly agreed that wetlands need specific attention. All
wetlands found on this revised map have or will have monitoring wells and
water supplies. There are (6) monitoring wells inside the largest wetland
shown on the map with (1) more proposed. Because of the level spreader
located in the (2) man-made lakes, the wells will be capable of not only
measuring water column height, . but they will also provide a means of
measuring PH throughout the wetland. We all recognize the problems
associated with soil oxygen deficiency and it has been proven in studies that
the undesirable effects of flooding can be helped by air or 100% oxygen that
is percolated through the water supply. What is so unique with the proposed
level spreader is that many problems can be averted through the monitoring
of the wells by the addition of certain additives to the lake water. There are
many additives capable of producing a better wetland than nature has
provided. Based on particular chemical matter that create problems in
discharge water, such as hydrogen sulfide, high concentrations of
phosphorus and anaerobic water, there are chemicals such as soda ash,
hydrogen peroxide, iron, alum and lime that can be added to produce a much
more balanced ecological environment in the wetland than that created by
nature. As an example, the actual . wetland shown on the map has just
survived a three year draught. In this same time period, it also withstood
several hurricanes and a 500 year flood. It is interesting to note that because
of the resiliency of the native flora and fauna, all of them still abound in this
wetland and surrounding farmland. The flood, hurricanes and draught are
mentioned because with the designed level spreader, this wetland can be
treated less harshly on a daily basis. As we know through many conducted
studies, wetlands saturated with moving, partly oxygenated water are much
more favorable habitats than those found with stagnant water. The location
of the lake and monitoring wells are significant because water leaving the
level spreader during the first four or five years should not be more than

200,000 gallons per day, until the man-made aquifer enlarges with mining.
Thus, there will be 1 gallon of water per 25 square feet of wetland to accept
it. The natural elevations in the wetland have higher ground to the northwest
where the lakes are located, so that water leaving the spreader will move
naturally across the wetland to the southeast. Since the pump station delivers
1,400 gallons per minute, the lakes will receive 84,000 gallons per hour, but
are designed to discharge the water much slower. One can readily see that
the wetland isn't going to receive water 24 hours per day, but only for a few
hours daily. Even when the pump station delivers the maximum of 500,000
gallons per day, the water will be discharged from the spreader over an 8-10
hour period.
As individuals peruse the new map, they can see the addition of the
silt fence detail on the legend portion of the map. Although this design will
follow the berm depicted on the map, it will also be used whenever
conditions demand its construction. The largest amount of silt fencing will
be along the Route 53 border of the property.
A drawing of the settling ponds (150' X 50') that will be located at the
plant manufacturing sites has also been added. This same basic design will
also be used as water sources for the isolated wetland ponds in order to keep
them pristine. There will only be one plant manufacturing site and one
wash/settling pond during the mining phase on either side of the entrance
road. The first mining phase will begin on the west side of the entrance road
and then the processing plant and wash pond will move to the east side of
the road.
When mining starts, the excess overburden that cannot be used for
berm construction will be stored on the east side of the entrance. As soon as
the open pit enlarges, overburden will be deposited against the quarry walls
and on the quarry floor as shown in the already submitted reclamation plan.
The cross section contains a depiction of the latter.
There are currently (9) wells on the property and at least (3) more are
to be completed. Also, there is a proposed well north of the mining site
which is still being negotiated with the N.C. Wildlife Division. It is depicted
on the map.
The accompanying documents with this Revised Mining Plan (IA) are
as follows:
1. Wildlife Study for endangered species.
2. Calculations used on the level spreader.
3. Radius of influence by Thiem Equation study of water.
l am compelled to discuss the fact that before Mr. Holland ever knew
that limestone was located on his farm, he has always demonstrated to the

N.C. Wildlife Division and the Corps of Engineers that he was a believer of
protecting both the wildlife and ecology found therein. Since he had a
licensed hunting preserve, local wildlife officers and members of the Corps
visited this property on numerous occasions. He was never found to be in
violation of any laws and officers left this property with nothing but praise
for the way it was being managed. One does not have to wonder what Mr.
Holland is going to do if he is permitted to mine this same farmland. He has
consistently practiced exceptional wildlife habitat management and natural
resource conservation. He has demonstrated his desire to protect the ecology
of his property, and he instructed the author of this plan to do the same
during the initial designs. It is important to recognize that when man truly
attempts to save native flora or fauna, he is nearly 100% successful. The
reason for this success is that money can provide the best scientific know
how in doing the impossible. What would make the native wetlands on the
property the best that they can be? Isn't it strange that laws and enforcement
never discuss improvements, but only discuss maintaining status quo? There
is little doubt that these very wetlands can be improved upon, and it is for
this reason that checks and balances have been designed into this mining
plan. There are many reasons why environmentalists might complain that
they do not want mining, but when mining is done properly, many things in
the mining area change for the better. What, may I ask, is wrong with
bringing new higher paying jobs, tax revenues, building materials that are
desperately needed and on allocation, new businesses, and at the same time
improving. the ecology? The wetland issue is uppermost in the minds of the
author of this plan and Mr. Holland's.
Since there really are 50 years of minable rock under this farmland the
construction of a gated community is in the planning stages only. No one
can predict the laws that could affect the construction of these homes. The
local, county, or state could very well halt that construction. This will not
and should not be an issue for this mine application. It is merely in the plan,
and as we know, plans can be changed and are designed to do so. What is
known for sure, is that this mined out area depicted on the map will be a
source of water for human consumption, and what is also known is that
natural water sources are being depleted at an alarming rate since the supply
of water is unable to keep up with the demand! Every attempt from the day
of this plan until its completion will be followed through, and if changes are
necessary to make this water source available, they will be changed. A
complete set of drawings for the level spreader system as well as
calculations of same have been submitted. The level spreader system is only
1/3 of the entire discharge system, initially the first settling pond is in the.

floor of the quarry and is capable of holding millions of gallons of water
during storm events. The pump station will float and can be turned off
during inclement weather so that no water goes to the level spreader. Both
the first settling lake and level spreader lake have enough capacity to hold
rain water during a 24 hour storm event. The total of three lakes will allow
for sediment capture and there is no reason for the wetland to receive any
sediment from the discharge manifold.
Although Shelter Creek does ultimately receive water from the
wetland shown on the revised map, a short time ago a limestone mine that
was located 1 mile to the east closed. This mine pumped millions of gallons
of water directly, into Angola Creek over a 25 year period which ended up in
Shelter Creek. If this discharge changed the base flow of Shelter Creek and
the attached aquatic system there are not any recognizable changes at this
time.
Also, just a few miles south of this proposed mining site, a mining
company is operating and discharging 3,000,000 gallons of water directly
into the North East Cape Fear River. The author of this document is unaware
of any ongoing studies that would certainly prove what ecological changes
are occurring in that aquatic system, as well as the base flows of the North
East Cape Fear River.
These two samples that have been mentioned use totally
different discharge systems than what is proposed for this mining site. This
mining plan shows that we have a controllable and less evasive technique to
discharge the mine's water.
Brunswick, Pender, New Hanover and Dublin Counties desperately
need this minable limestone, and it is the desire of the author of this plan,
and Mr. Holland that we be allowed to produce aggregate from the reserves
on this property. We know it can be done properly, and it is our desire to
accomplish this with the least evasive means possible.
Respectfully submitted,

WALToN ENGINEERIN
January 19, 2006
Pete Benjamin
Ecological Services Supervisor
Fish and Wildlife Service
Raleigh Field Office
PO Box 33726
Raleigh, NC 27636
Re: Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC Mining Application Wildlife and Plant Survey
Dear Mr. Benjamin,
A complete site survey was done by Adrian L. Moon on January 19, 2006_ The components
of the survey consisted of Red Cockaded Woodpecker habitat evaluation and a biological
assessment with an emphasis on the federally protected endangered plant species, rough -
leaved loosestrife (Lysimachia aperuleafolia), American chaffseed (Schwalbea americana),
and Cooley's meadowrue (Thalictrum cooleyi).
According to Henry, 1989, Hooper et al. 1980, USFWS 1992a, Walters 1990, the preferred
habitat of the Red -cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) is open, park -like pine stands
with little undergrowth. The RCW prefers long leaf pine but is also found populating in
loblolly, slash, pond, and sometimes virginia pine. Live trees 30+ years old are used for
forage habitat and 60+ years old trees are used for roosting and nesting habitats. The
dominant tree species present on the proposed mining sites and adjacent areas were 15-25
year old loblolly pines due to past agricultural and timber practices. Most stands on the
property have been burned for wildlife management (mainly quail), but currently the
undergrowth is thick in the majority of the stands due to the limited success of the burns
and/or the regular rotations. Though the RCW does populate loblolly pine stands it requires
more open forage habitat than was present on and adjacent to the mining sites. The site was
surveyed for the preferred size (> 10" dbh) of pines and evidence of cavity nesting. The
dominant trees were not of the preferred age for habitat or forage for the Red -cockaded
Woodpecker. There was no witnessed presence or evidence of the bird species on the day of
the survey.
The mine site and adjacent areas on the property are classified as mixed Upland Pine, Wet
Pine Flatwoods, and pocosins. Lysimachia asperuleafolia generally occurs in edges between
longleaf pine uplands and pond pine pocosins (Barry 1980), on moist to seasonably saturated
sands and on shallow organic soils overlaying sand_ The edge grass -shrub plant communities
on the site were the main focus of the evaluation_ Road maintenance and past agricultural
practices have eliminated much of the open edges required by the plant. No evidence of the
plant was found in the mining area or adjacent land.
Tel: [phone] PO Box 895, Burgaw, North Carolina, 28425 Fax: [phone]

t . WALTON EN INEE IN
Schwalba americana is found in open, moist pine flatwoods, fire maintained savannas, and
transition areas between peaty wetlands and dry sandy soils. These characteristics are similar
to rough -leaved loosestrife habitat but the American chaffseed needs a more open habitat
because it is not tolerant of dark shades. The areas on the site that would be candidates for
populations of this plant generally are not maintained well enough to host the species. During
the survey of these areas, no plant was found that met the description, more than likely due to
the thickness of the shrub edges.
Thalictrum cooleyi occurs in moist to wet bogs and savannas most often along fireplow lines,
roadside ditches, woodland clearings, and powerline rights -of -way, and need some type of
disturbance to maintain its open habitat. The typical habitat that this plant is found in exists
on the property of the mine site but, as stated previously, has been altered due to current and
past agricultural/timber practices. No specimens were found during the survey of the sites.
The types of disturbances needed for the species of plants to thrive do occur due to
management for wildlife on the site and property_ The majority of the mining sites are
currently or have been in agriculture, eliminating optimal conditions for the endangered plant
species, even in the areas where these species generally populate.
Based on the site survey of the mining site and the areas impacted by the proposed mining
activities, the Red -cockaded Woodpecker does not inhabit the area and does not use it for
foraging habitat. The plant species as stated previously were not sited during this survey.
References:
Barry, J. M_ 1980. Natural vegetation of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press,
Columbia. 214 pp.
Mathews, T. D., F. W. Stapor, Jr., C. R. Richter, J_ W. Miglarese, M. D. McKenzie, and L. A.
Barclay, eds. 1980. Ecological characterization of the sea island coastal region of South
Carolina and Georgia. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/40, Vol. 1. 212 pp.
Henry, I989, Hooper et al. 1980, USFWS 1992a, Walters 1990.
Any specific facts not sited were taken from the U.S_ Fish and Wildlife Service website under
the Endangered Species link and also the South Carolina Wildlife Federation website.
Tel: [phone] PO Box 895, Burgaw, North Carolina, 28425 Fax. [phone]

� j .. WALTON ENGINEERIN
If you have any questions or need additional information, please call me at 910-2594800.
Sincerely,
Adrian L. Moon
Bachelor of Science (1996)
School of Natural Resources -Ecosystem Assessment
North Carolina State University
TeL 9I0-2594800 PO Sox 895, Burgaw, North Carolina, 28425 Fax: [phone]

Date: 1 /23/2006
Project: Shelter Creek Quarry
Radius of Influence in Unconfined Aquifers by Thiem Equation
Reference: Bouwer, Groundwater Hydrology, 1978, McGraw-Hill, pg 67
v
TRiJE WATER TABLE
1 Zr S, 5
r
1 { 1
SURFACE 1 1 / -� OUPUIT FORCHMEIMER OK
OF 1 I WATER TABLE SEEPAGE
i
1 _ I hw IhI h hx H
1 �• 1
hIw k { `'-- �----I rz
IMPERMEABLE
Assume Horizontal Flow when r> 1.5H (Dupuit-Forchheimer)
Height of Seepage Surface:
hw-hiw = (h2-hiw)[1-(h.1h2)2-J/(1 + 5rw/h2)[1 + 0.021n(r2/rw)l
where r2 is taken as 500rw
Given: Q = 250,000 gpd
K =
30
gpd/sf
h2 =
75
ft
hiw =
0
ft
r, = rw =
260
ft
hw-hiw = 4.599
hw = 599 ft
Thiem Equation: Q = TrK(h22 - h,2)/In(r2/r,)
Find: r2
Rearranging Thiem yields: r2 = rwe [TrK(h22 - hw2)/Qj
r2 = 2,150 feet
NOTE: As flow is increased with no change in drawdown, the
Radius of Influence decreases.
\1

KIZC;K Ck C3AKKr_L VCbIVrV
` ua,r'P 7
Project: S�GI �_rr- Cfif 0utlet/ID:
Date: ' Designed By: T
Stepl : Determine peak flow, 1" (or 1.5") storm flow, controlling elevations, etc.
per Section 8.07 of the Sedimentat and Erosion Control Manual
and/or Stormwater Best Management Practices, as applicable.
Note: Use maximum design flow for riser, barrel, and emergency spillway
sizing, but use volume to be drained and temporary pool depth
to determine head for hole sizing.
(1) BARREL DESIGN:
Governing Function: Qp = a(2gH)"/(1+ Km + KpL)"' = max discharge from pipe, cis
Rearranging Yields: a = Q(1+ Km + KpL)°'1(2gH`3
Aiso: a= (7%14)d4
Substituting and Reducing Yields: d = (Q(1+ Km + KpL) "1(n/4)(2gH)°-']"'
where: Qp =
1,04
= max. discharge from pipe, cfs
g =
32.2
= acceleration of gravity, ft/sec"2
H =
1.9483
= elevation head differential, ft
Km =
1
= coefficient/sum of minor losses, usually 1
Kp =
0.05
= pipe friction coefficient
L =
150
= pipe length, ft
do = [Q(1+ Km + KpL)''1(V4)(2gHf-JL' = 7.2 = calculated minimum pipe diameter, inches
d = 8 = specified pipe diameter, Inches
(2) RISER DESIGN:
Step 1: Determine riser size from Figure 8.07b of Erosion Conroi Handbook
(NOT Table 8.07b)
Choose riser diameter first (from "Inlet Proportions chart' first, then
get head from Pipe Flow vs Head chart.
Riser Diameter, Dr = 18 inches
Height at Riser Crest, He = 0.083 ft
Ao = area of a single dewatering hole, ft2 = As(2Hh)"''/(20,428TCd)
A, = area of a each of N dewatering holes, ft2 = As(2Hh)'-'/(20,428TNCd)
Hcr
E4ev. ® Max.
Discharge
--
Riser Height = Hr
r"
Riser Diameter = Dr
}�
�_-----_—_
Hh
Barrel I I d
LE
J I '
Mc
-
Antiilotation l
Block
Lc a We L- we
(3) ANTIFLOTATION BLOCK DESIGN:
where: As =
118,261
= surface area of basin, ft"2
V =
66,845
= volume of water to be drained, ft113
Hh =
0.565
= maximum head of water above dewatering hole(s), ft
Td =
1.0
= detention time to dewater basin, days
T =
24.0
= detention time to dewater basin, hrs
Cd =
0.60
= coefficient of contraction for the orifice (approximately 0.6)
Ao = As(2Hh)"1(20,428TCd) =
0.427
ft^2
N =
21
= number of dewatering holes
Aic = As'(2'Hh)" ­1(20426'T"N'Cd) =
0. 20
= calculated area of each of N dewatering holes, ft,12
d,c = ((Arc."144)1(n!4)]'' =
32
= calculated diameter of each of N dewatering holes, in
d1 =
= specified diameter for each of N holes (must be < or = d1C)
Notes: Use square block, with variable height.
Ignore pipe weight (conservative.)
Block Buoyancy, Bb = Wc`Hcpw pw = 62.4 Iblc.f
Block Weight, Wb = Wo'Hcpe pe = 140 Ible.f.
Riser Buoyancy, Sr=(n14)De1Hrpw
9b+ Br>1= Wb
Wc`Hcrw + (n/4)Dr2Hrpw = Wc`Hcpc
Rearranging and Reducing Yields: We = 0.795Dr(Hr/Hc)"''
1c8x� �� o
"V
Hr = F 43-7 ft
SetHc= 2 ft
Woo = 0.795Dr(Hr,1 c)"' _ 1.789 calculated minimum block width, ft
We = specified block width, ft
NOTE: There will be seven 2" holes in each of three risers. These will drain 500,000 gallons from the basin in 24 hours,

fanuary 19. 2006
Fete Benjamin
Ecological Services Su[)crVrsor
Fish and Wildlife Service
Raleigh field Office
1'0 Box 33726
Raleigh, NC 276.76
Re: Shelter Creel: Quarry, LLC Mining Application Wildlife and Plant SuI-vey
Dear Mr. Benjamin,
A complete site survey ,vas done by Adrian L. Moon on .lanuary 19, 2006. The components
Of the survey consisted of'Red Cockaded Woodpecker habitat evaluation and a biological
assessment with an en}phasis on the federally protected endangered print species, rough -
leaved loosestrife (1Y.4111crchicr g1.7ern1ecrfi)1iq). American chaff -seed (.S'chivalhea can ricxrrra),
and Cooley's meadowme (777trliciruw coon?i1i).
According to Henry, 1989, Hooper et 'al. 1980, L1SFWS 1992a, Walters 1990, the preferred
habitat 01" the Red -cockaded Woodpecker (Pic•uicle.s• pore rli.s•) is open, park -like pine stands
with little undergrowth. The RCW prefers long leai'pine but is also 1:61,111d populating in
loblolly, slash, pond, and sometimes virginia pine. Live trees 30+ years old are -used for
forage habitat and 60+ years old trees are used for roosting and nesting habitats. The
dominant tree species present cot the proposed mining sites and adjacent areas were 15-25
year old loblolly pines due to past agricultural and timber practices. Most stands on the
property have been 17urnecl for wildlife management (mainly quail), but currently the
undergrowth is thick in the majority of the stands due to the limited success of the burns
and/or the regular rotations. Though the RCW does populate loblolly pine stands it requires
more open forage habitat than was present on and adjacent to the mining sites. The site was
surveyed Car the preferred sire (> 10" dbh) of pities and evidence of cavity nesting. The
dominant trees were not of the preferred age for habitat. or forage for the Red -cockaded
Woodpecker. There was no witnessed presence or evidence of the bird species on the day of
the survey.
The mine site and adjacent areas on the property are classified as mixed Upland Pine, Wet
Pine l{latwoods, and pocosins- Lysimachia asperuleafolia generally occurs in edges between
longleaf pine uplands and pond pine pocosins (Barry 1980), on moist to seasonably saturated
sands and on shallow organic soils overlaying sand. The edge grass -shrub plant cau-TImunities
on the'site were the main focus of the evaluation. Road maintenance and past agricultural
practices have eliminated much ol'the open edges required by [he -plant. No evidence of the
plane was found in [he mining area or adjacent land.
Ttl: 910-259- SOO PO lids ,495, North Ca olimi. 3ti•12 Fwa - 910-259-1779

r• 1
.Yc.'hwalha onlericall(r is found in open_, moist pine llatwoods, [ire nafflMined savannas, and
irarts't'on areas between peaty wetlands and dry sandy soils. These characteristics are similar
to rough -leaved loosestrife habitat but. the American chaffseed needs a more. open habitat
because it is not tolerant of dark shades. The areas on the site that would be candidates for
populations of this plant (lenerally are nit maintained well enough to host the species. Darin<L
the survey of these areas, no plant was bound that met the description, more than likely due to
the thickness of the shrub ed-es.
7'larrliclr-11117 C001c2.0 occurs in moist to wet boos and savannas most often along fireplow fines,
roadside ditches, woodland clearings, and powerEine rights -of -way, and need some type of
disturbance to maintain its open habitat. The typical liabitatthat this plant is found in exists
on the property of the mine site but, as stated previously, has been altered due to current and
Past agricultural/timber practices. No specimens Nvere found during the survey of the sites.
The types of disturbances needed for the species of plants to thrive do occur due to
rnanagement for wildlife on the site and property. The nra.ority of the mining sites are
currently or have been in agriculture, eliminating optimal conditions for the endangered plant
species, even in the areas where these species generally populate.
Based on the site survey of the mining site and the areas impacted by the proposed mining
activities, the Red -cockaded Woodpecker does not inhabit the area and does not use it for
foraging habitat. The plant species as stated previously were not sited during this survey.
References:
Barry, J. M. 1990. Natural vegetation of South Carolina. University oi'South Carolina Press,
Columbia. 214 pp.
Mathews, T_ D., F_ W. Stapor, Jr., C. R_ Richter, J. W. Miglarese, M. D. McKenzie, and L. A.
Barclay, eds. '1980. Ecological characterization of the sea island coastal region of South
Carolina and Georgia. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS/OBS-79/40. Vol. 1. 212 pp.
Henry, 1989, Hooper et al_ 1980, USFlVS 1992a, Walters 1990.
Any specific facts riot sited were taken from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service website under
the Endartaered Species lint: and also the South Carolina Wildlife Federation website.
Tel: 91 U-251)ASO(1 110 130.N 495, 131:rgaw, North Carolina, 2.%425 Nas' 9 ill-259-1779

.r . .
TIVALTON Al C1NEER[AT C
If you have any questions or need additional information, please call me at 910-259-4800.
Sincerely,
Adrian L. Moon
Bachelor of Science (1996)
School of Natural Resources -Ecosystem Assessment
North Carolina State University
'rel: 910-259-4800 PO Box 895; $urpw, North Carolina, 28425 fax: [phone]

i WING PERMIT APPLICATION REVIETi FORM
fcr
OI VISIGN OF 'NA T..4 r—UAL, r f
• •1rce .,e.e icr Ccrimems 3aci< 'a Land Cuali-cy Sec-icn:
liviif ,4 e cceravan, as crcpcsed, vida:e wandares of waier :l a14�'!1 SGt b�/rY✓
C.i.mmer" : 10E+0144- bg6j�G_TS RILE Ji M11LE_.'' AI��G�C�fTio�
o -r T whe-pte wAT&2�iv�E2
_ALL vLR's Es-r,,mUstiFp AS AM V US e=n.Pr
�NG�IN��2S SH�UL►] 067 �nLip�vEy �_
INar, Manie & Cn iricaticn: Sul UcLTEn._CCtmL 01► Sw
,\1-CES ser nip re:�ire�
i�f� rc� fermi: e:<is"n�,
I
f"Jcncisc.,arce permic requ: re-
iWndischarge Perm iiz aXiszing
Wetlands ciszurted
'IQI Yle--,land 1 4r require,•
(Far,";Si 1 ) 1
=01 Wetland Us. e5Ci5Qg � {der, :i7
cwE: 11 1 16 oS

MINING PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW FORM
for
DIVISION OF AIR QUALITY
Project: County:
"`Due Date -for Comments Back to. -Land Quality Section:
1
Will the operation, as proposed, violate standards of air quality?
Comments:_ _.
o f v ei ;l C
fi e r,
Air permit required
Air permit existing
Other Comments:—t?k �rr
YES NO
(Permit R y Vx
Lv" o -e r mI J
►� S e-c b AA.
Reviewed by: �� tf ��� _ Date: � � — f 0 —U 3r`
Print Name:
azooa

`r1l,V1lNG CA i iCN 3EVIEW C ,E':.XIL'S s _ _.;_.a;
r
NrP�_:CA E~liII . vC'.: AC i ICiV: ale' ICCif''CZ[E C , .�';��� wi.S'ler
APPUCANT NAME. /&,MINE NAME: J CC, U1"'1
administrative Issues:
A. Is the site currently under NOV? Yes No Explain:
B. Is the site under CAMA jursdic`.icn? Yes UINO Explain:
Feld Issues:
A. Are .mential 'Netlands .and 'Naterccurses properly indicated an the Mine Mao? Ge Nc Explain:
S. Are the Lrcposed buffer 7cnes adequate? es Na Explain:
C. Do all occupied dwellings 'Nithin 300 feet of the mine excavation appear to be indicated? es i`Je
Exolain:
D. Do all'Nater supply'Neils %vithin 5;00 Meet of the mine excavation appear to be indicated? Yes No
Explain:
�. Is visual screening neeCEc? YeS No Explain: e ? f c, i tf vn' ;_•, r, inr ; l 1 -f ch !ce
Are the).ore erosion and sedimentation control measures properly located to prevent offsite
sedimentation? No Explain:
G. Is the proposed revegetaticnlreclamation plan acceptable? Yes Explain: A'c,ti -,
\(w-c•.r r., wv�� SCZtt �� � p,1 ��1.> 11 +C'-i,r' �'y.,.9,�.,::�.+Scr �+�.�f'tr� ��Q(�%- 7M 1_, _ _�., ,.�
Date inscec,ed: _ 6,, l 7, Arcas-
Erosion and Sedimentation Control fan Review:
It is the responsibility of the Regional Once staff to yerifx/ the adequacy of the E&S measures. Piease provide
any concerns or comments: mv, �.- �. ,,� k-trt :-rr t-
Other Comments: /
T ft", c.l aver k PLC ��cS �'� lJ✓1 fSR., cll� Tr1 Sir l -c/ Oay q{p.`S .rl:yi t° �!4 fa.sr l �i r.'�. r.
Who was the acelication routed to and When?:
Division of Air Quality: 2 Date: t I to /off
Division of'aVater Quality (Water Quality Section only: Date: o
Other: Dale:
lnsoectcr/Revie:,;er's iVciTie:
Realcrial EqaMeer s INam�..
Date: �(c•� ��;'
Date: 1jau 14 Zod,5

N -:=- t Gb �A o �-e s
as
cj
Ll Z,9
Ian �As
sC
tZ 1� SK Zloo
v,
C

MINING CHECKLI5T FOR ROUTING
NOV a s �ae�
Applicant's Name: QlAira,1WO.Froject Name: 2"&1//1A
I - -- 117
Applic./Permit No.: 71-q6,County: Date Received: l �
Reviewer. River Basin Name:
New ❑ Renewal ❑ Modification (inside permit boundaries)
❑ Modification (outside permit boundaries) ❑ Transfer ❑ Relea5e
❑ P rtial Release El Additional Information ❑ Fee Needed: $
Fee Received: $ a57)6 �d
1
r
Regional Office (2 complete copies; attach the "LQ5 Regional
Office Mining App ication Review Checklist" to one copy and attach bah W d DA
"Mining Application Review Form" to the other copy: send both copi s to tf�g na 5ngineer)
Date: Routed 1 t 1 5 ec'd
iviolon of Water Reoource5 Date: Routed Rec'd
C Wildlife Re5ource5 Commission Date: Routed Rec'd
US Fish & Wildlife Service Date: Routed Rec'd
(Only new applications and modification requests, that add land to the permit)
(Only new applications and modification rcque5t5 that add
ion of Archives & History Date: Routed _LL
"5u5pen5e Date for
from receipt)
❑ Please note the following:
it)
Comments: G (no later than 25 days
14
4-
✓l�}2u1�J �D �l

Permit #04-09-19-13
Perm it#05-08-15-13R
INTRODUCED BY: Stephen Carpenter DATE: August 15, 2005 ITEM NO:
Special Use Permit: Mining Operation, Shelter Creek, LLC (Revision),,,,,_
SUBJECT: CASE NO: 04=08-05-13
PROPERTY RECORD NO: 33115 & 33116 opt
APPLICANT: Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC,
r
OWNER: Yellow Lab Farm, LLC (Stephen C. HolIand, President)�`rf'�`
ACTION REQUESTED: Approval of Special Use Permit for Mining Operation On
Approximately 380 Acres. (Revision)
*New Items -- Bold
*Deleted Items — rf 1:. mot..: r. th..,,u
HISTORY/BACKGROUND:
Project Location: The project is located on the south east side of NC 53 approximately 3.5 miles south
west of the NC 53 and NC 50 intersection. The site is approximately 1 mile south west of the old
Maple Hill Quarry.
Project Description: The project will consist of excavation and mining on 252 acres of the 380 acre
site. The property contains 128 acres of protected wetlands that will not be excavated or disturbed.
Mining Type & Description — open pit mining techniques with portable equipment will be utilized.
The overburden will be removed and stored for one phase at a time and the excavation of marl and
limestone will progress for that phase. The initial mining cut into each phase of the project will utilize
explosives to make the initial pit opening. After the initial pit opening is made, it is anticipated that an
80 or 100 ton excavator will be used to mine rock material without explosives, if possible. After the
initial pit of each phase is established the primary crushing operation will be located in the pit for each
phase. The material will be carried by conveyor to a finishing plant located separately for phase one &
two and three & four.
Dewatering Activities — the operation will remove pit seepage and storm water from the operating
portion of the pit after it has accumulated and settled in a 20 ft. deep, 100 ft by 300 ft.
settling/clarification basin in the bottom of the pit. The water pumped from the pit is anticipated to
range from 0.5 MGD at the beginning of each phase to'2.0 MGD as the phase enlarges and nears
completion. The sump water will. be pumped to a 5 plus acre man made lake that will discharge
clarified water to the adjacent wetlands by a level spreader. Dewatering will not take place lower than
4- 65 ft. below MSL. It is anticipated that no mining pit water will be discharged directly from the
property as a result of mining activities.
Depth of Mining — excavation of limestone in the pit will not exceed 38 60 ft. below MSL, except in
the sump clarification pit and it will be excavated to a depth of not lower than -58 80 ft. below MSL.
The completed and reclaimed lake areas will be finished with a bottom elevation of not less than 38 ft.
below MSL.
Project Schedule — it is anticipated that each phase of the project will be completed in 10 to 12 years
and the entire mining operation will be complete in 40 to 50 years.
Reclamation Schedule'— The reclamation is anticipated to be complete as follows:
1. Completed reclamation of phases I and 2 including inundation of the excavated area will be
completed after mining activities are finished in those areas.
2. A fish habitat area will be constricted as part of the final reclamation of phase 2.
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Permit #04-09-19-13
Permit#05-08-15-13R
3. Completed reclamation of phases 3 and 4 including inundation of the excavated area will be
completed after mining activities are finished in those areas.
4. The entire property will be totally reclaimed immediately following the completion of mining
activities in phase 4.
Hours of Operation — operating hours are anticipated to be 5:30 AM to 9 PM, Monday through
Saturday.
Stated Reclamation Purpose: The property will be reclaimed in four phases as mining progresses for
residential development, recreational boating, fishing and other water sports, wildlife habitat and a
water supply storage facility.
Project History: Portions of the property has previously and is currently being used as timberlands,
agriculture and a hunting and shooting facility. There are no know zoning violations on the property.
EVALUATION -
A) Public Notifications: Advertisements for the proposal have been placed in the Topsail Voice and
Pender Post. Adjacent property owners were notified by first class mail. Special Use Permit signs
were posted on or near the proposed site.
B) Zoning Ordinance Compliance: The property is zoned I-2 and mining as defined in GS 74-49 by
means of explosives, dewatering or excavation below sea level is allowed if a special use permit is
approved.
C) Land Use Plan Compliance: The 1991 Land Use Plan classifies the project area as Rural.
Agricultural, forestry, mineral extraction and other uses, are appropriate in the Rural
Classification. This project is consistent with the 1991 Land Use Plan.
D) 20120 Growth Policies Consistency: The proposal is not inconsistent with the 20/20 Policies as
long as reasonable measures are taken in a timely manner to provide buffers and reclamation. The
reclamation plan and purpose should be compatible with existing uses and conditions on and in the
vicinity of the site and consistent with future plans and policies for the area. The reclamation
activities should be under taken in a timely manner and the activities and reclaimed site not pose
and nuisances or hazards to the area or community. Adequate security and buffers and green
space should be provided during and after completion of the mining activities.
E) Flood Hazard Ordinance Compliance: The proposal is in compliance with the Flood Hazard
Prevention Ordinance, since the only structure (restroom/maintenance building) on the site below
flood elevation existed prior to the adoption of the Ordinance. New permanent structures must be
elevated two feet above existing grade.
F) Existing Land Use In Area: Land uses adjacent to the property consist of one vacant residential
structure on the adjacent site to the north east, one additional residential structure within 2000 feet
of the site to the north east and the remaining area surrounding the site is agricultural and forestry
activities. A poultry operation is located approximately 0.75 miles to the north east of the site.
G) Site Access Conditions: The mining site and property will have direct access to a major
thoroughfare, NC 53. The access used by the mining operation is not through a residential area.
H) Pender County's Primary Interest.
I . Compatibility of the activity with the surrounding uses.
2. That the activity will not impair the integrity or character of the surrounding uses during operation
or upon closing or completion.
3. That the activity will not adversely affect the safety, health, morals or welfare. of the immediate
area or community during operation or upon closing or completion.
4. Compatibility of the activity with surrounding zoning.
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Permit 404-09- I 9-13
Permit#05-08-15-13R
5. Hazards or nuisances that may be associated with the activity during operation or upon closing or
completion.
b. Adequacy of drainage and sanitation during operation and upon closing or completion.
7. Compatibility of the proposal with adopted plans and policies.
8. Adequate access to public thoroughfares for the activity.
9. That the activity will meet the requirements of the Zoning Ordinance and other applicable
regulations.
10, That the activity is located on a site controlled by the operator that is of sufficient size to
accommodate the activity and comply with the regulations and conditions of the Special Use
Permit.
11. That the property will be reclaimed for a useful purpose in a timely manner that is compatible with
the existing and projected uses in the area.
I) Conditions To Consider In Issuing A Special Use Permit For This Project.
I . A final scaled site plan shall be submitted for all phases of the project. It shall show topsoil and
overburden stock pile areas and all activities on the property including specific areas where
support activities are located or to be located including process areas, finished product storage
areas, structures and use, haul roads, access roads, areas to undergo active mining, equipment
maintenance facilities, limits of disturbed area and all other activities on the project. The site plan
shall be submitted and approved by the Community Development Coordinator prior to issuance of
a Zoning Permit for Phase I of the project and prior to any clearing, grading or mining activities
occurring on the property.
2. The Reclamation Plan for this project shall be submitted complete and reflecting the schedules and
conditions in this Special Use Permit and approved by the Community Development Coordinator
or in his absence Planning Director, prior to issuance of a Zoning Permit for Phase I of the project
and prior to any clearing, grading related to mining activities or mining activities occurring on the
property with the following conditions:
a. The Reclamation Plan shall consist of a map or maps at a readable scale, a submission that
may be in narrative, outline or list form (no more than 5 pages) and support documentation.
b. The plan shall show the proposed reclamation use of all areas of the site that are to be
disturbed during the project.
c. Reclamation Plan document shall reflect compliance with all conditions and scheduling
required in this Special Use Permit.
d. All areas proposed for future residential development shall be seeded and stabilized in accord
with a plan approved by the NC Cooperative Extension Service or SCS. These areas shall be
planted in canopy and under story trees at a rate of at least 5 canopy and 5 under story or 10
canopy trees per acre. The plantings may occur in clumps and be distributed across the areas
or planted individually and distributed relatively uniformly across the area or in a pattern that
may reflect future building site.
e. An area equivalent to five percent of the final inundated lake area shall be provided as
shallow water areas that are from one to six feet deep. At least two percent of this area shall
have a depth less than three feet, to enhance aquatic plant & animal life and water fowl habitat
in the residual water body. These areas that are less than 3 ft. in depth shall be graded to a
slope of 8 — 12 ft. horizontal to 1 ft. vertical to provide for adequate drainage should water
levels drop during drought conditions.
f. Sufficient amounts of topsoil shall be removed and stockpiled in order for reclamation
conditions to be met for disturbed areas that are not inundated.
g. All disturbed areas of the site that are not to be inundated shall receive an application of 12 to
18 inches of top soil reapplied from stock pile areas and scarified into the overburden or
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Permit ##04-09-19-13
Permit#05-08-15-13R
subsoil material with a dozer root rake or other means to provide a finished site that will
include a I2 to 18 inch deep top soil mixture.
h. All disturbed areas of the site that are not to be inundated and are to be reclaimed as wildlife
habitat areas shall receive plantings as recommended in writing by a NCWRC representative
after a site visit or 5% of the disturbed area that is not inundated can be planted in native
warm season grasses, including switch grass, Indian grass, bluestem and gamma grass and
tree seedling transplants as contained in the NC Forestry Service "Wildlife Pack East."
i. All areas required to be planted in specific vegetation shall be shown as separate planting
areas on the map.
j. Reclamation of Phase I & 2 shall be complete including ending of pit pumping and
commencing inundation of the pit areas within two years of beginning mining related
activities in any additional phases.
k. Reclamation of the entire property shall be complete within two years of the expiration of the
permit for those phases or within two years of completion of extraction activities for phase 3
& 4 which ever occurs earlier.
1. The applicant/operator shall provide a signed and sealed certification for the completed
phases of reclamation from one or more appropriate licensed professionals (licensed engineer,
professional surveyor, licensed geologist, licensed soil scientist, etc.) that the conditions of
reclamation required in this permit have been completed with specific reference to the type
condition completed (slopes, vegetation, redistribution of top soil, depths of excavation,
acreages of shallow water area, etc.) The certification for top soil redistribution must be
accompanied by sample soil borings of areas not to be inundated to indicate a topsoil mixture
to a depth of 18 inches.
m. The applicant/operator shall provide a written signed final report from a WRC wildlife
specialist, US Fish & Wildlife Service Specialist, NC Extension Service, USDA-NRCS
Agency, RC& D Council or other recognized and approved wildlife habitat expert or
organization, that the site has been completed in compliance with the Reclamation Plan
requirements that relate to any areas in the reclamation plan that are designated as "Wildlife
Habitat." The report shall deal with at least the requirements for vegetation types (trees and
grass) as contained in the approved permits.
n. The reclamation shall be completed prior to flooding of the pit, by providing a 5 (horizontal)
to 1 (vertical) slope 10' horizontally above and 10' horizontally below the final water
elevation. These slopes shall be provided at all landmasses in the impoundment and all
perimeter areas of the impoundment. No permanent slopes above the water line and inside
the project boundary shall exceed 3 to 1. This condition shall be reflected on the approved
reclamation plan.
3. Existing vegetation shall be maintained or seeded and stabilized earthen berms installed in the 50
ft. buffer on all sides of the project area.
4. Solid waste, trash, debris, or other waste generated on or off the site including, scrap metal,
batteries, used oil, junked equipment, etc., will be disposed of off site at a licensed or permitted
site or by a licensed or permitted collector. Materials that are permitted to be disposed of on the
site. under rules promulgated by state agencies pursuant to The North Carolina Mining Act (GS 74)
such as cables, drill steel, etc may be disposed of on the site when a map is recorded of the specific
disposal site or sites in the Pender County Registry and a copy of the map is provided to the
Pender County Planning Dept. Only natural soil, mineral material and organic material generated
from clearing operations on the site may be disposed of on the site with out restrictions under this
permit as long as such materials are disposed in accord with state regulations.
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Permit #04-09-19-13
Perm it#05-08-15-13R
5. The maximum depth of dewatering on the site shall not be lower than 4-5 65 ft. Ck4-y sixty five
feet) below mean sea level and no excavation shall occur lower than -38 60 ft. (gip ei& sixty
feet) below MSL, except for the 100 ft. by 300 ft. sump area and that excavation shall not be lower
than M 80 ft. ()VO, e-rgh eighty feet) below MSL. No portion of the reclaimed water body shall
exceed a depth of 38 ft. below MSL.
6. The applicant shall provide the Pender County Planning Dept. with a copy of the state mining
application upon submission and state mining permit upon approval.
7. The property must be reclaimed, graded, seeded, stabilized and maintained in accord with the
conditions and schedule contained in this permit and all state and federal pen -nits. Any violation
of any state or federal permit that is not corrected within the time specified by the responsible
agency will result in the Special Use Permit being in violation of the Pender County Zoning
Ordinance and upon such occurrence the Zoning Administrator shall immediately initiate
Revocation Proceedings.
8. The project shall not result in any visible sedimentation beyond the project limit of disturbance
boundary as shown on the revised and approved final site plan.
9. Excavation or fill shall not take place within 50' of any wetland unless approval has been obtained
from the appropriate State and Federal Agencies and a copy of such approval submitted to the
Pender County Planning Dept.
10. The hours of operation for this project, including processing plant, stripping, drilling, loading,
blasting or excavation, shall be limited to 5:30 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday thru Saturday, unless
exceptions are approved by the Pender County Manager for emergency conditions. Traffic other
than automobiles and light trucks (pickups) will not be permitted to enter or leave the site other
than during the hours of operation. Process plant, site and equipment maintenance, reclamation
and dewatering activities may take place at other hours.
11. Portable or permanent restrooms shall be maintained on the site for the duration of the mining
operation and until reclamation is complete.
12. When the term reclamation or reclaimed is used in this permit, it shall mean reclamation or
reclaimed in accord with the conditions of this permit unless specifically noted otherwise.
13. The term of this permit shall commence upon the issuance of a zoning permit for any phase of the
project and run for a period of 10 years unless renewed by Pender County.
14. The project shall be carried out and completed in accord with the applicant's "project description"
and the project description and conditions contained in this resolution and the approved special
use permit.
15. The obligations and conditions imposed by this permit will be the responsibility of the applicant
and its successors in interest and property owner(s) and shall continue in effect until all conditions
of this permit and other permits have been complied with and the Pender County Planning
Department has made a final inspection of the site and provided a written certification that the site
is in compliance. The applicant shall have the responsibility of maintaining the mining site in a
state of compliance for a period of two years from the date the written certification of compliance
is issued or until the applicant has terminated its mining operations and relinquished control to the
owners of that portion of the site that has been determined in compliance.
RESOLUTION: NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that on September 20, 2004, the
Pender County Board of Commissioners considered a Special Use Permit for Shelter Creek Quarry,
L.L.C. as described herein and Dwight Strickland, Chairman is authorized to execute the order
implementing this resolution and provide notice to the applicant of the action taken herein.
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Permit #04-09-19-13
Permit#05-08-15-13R
RESOLUTION: NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that on August 15, 2005, the Pender
County Board of Commissioners considered a Special Use Permit Revision for Shelter Creek Quarry,
LLC as described herein and Eugene Meadows, Chairman to the Board, is authorized to execute the
order implementing this resolution and provide notice to the applicant of the action taken herein.
AMENDMENTS:
MOVED _42 /fiamS SECONDED AI-V e, /JWCAG
APPROVED X _ DENIED UNANIMOUS
YEA VOTES: Meadows JC Holland 0— Moore _5� Rivenbark 51- Williams_
0
���Dat
05
ugene eaAs,
n Chairman
EST
_ 08-15_-05
Date
Ex IBITS:
Ex ;bits attached include the following items:
Exhibit B, Ortho Property Map of the Area and Adjacent Areas.
b. Exhibit C, Phase 1 Mine Map.
c. Exhibit D, Phase 2 Mine Map.
d. Exhibit E, Fish Habitat Area of the Site
e. Exhibit F, Mind Map of All Sections of the Mining Project.
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111
Ake
NCDENR
Np Gwo '— i1�-- a
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Division of Water Quality / Water Quality Section
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NCG020000
Year
.Y
qll� to 00
NOTICE OF INTENT;
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System application for coverage under General'Per ii
NCG020000: O�
STORMWATER DISCHARGES associated with activities classified as: �
SIC' 14 Mineral Mining Industry (except as specified below)
The following activities are also included:
• Active or inactive mining operations (including borrow pits) that discharge stormwater contaminated with or
that has come in contact with, any overburden, raw material, intermediate products, finished products,
byproducts or waste products located on the site of such operations
• Stormwater from vehicle maintenance activities at mining operations; overflow from facilities that recycle
process wastewater; and/or mine dewatering
The following activities are specifically excluded from coverage under this General Permit:
• Peat mining, coal mining, and metal mining
• Stormwater discharges from mining operations which are intermixed on site with stormwater from asphalt
operations, and oil and gas extraction operations
"Standard Industrial Classification Code
(Please print or type)
1) Mailing address* of owner/operator-
Name f10 /J
Street Address 83/ Uo .S' it
City 54 Y-g a, State C ZIP Code c_7ly/ Al
Telephone No. Q LD 2"j7y3 Fax: gio 1Sg— 33.99
2) Location of facility producing
Facility dame
Facility Contact
Street Address
City
County
Telephone No.
• Address to which all permit correspondence will be mailed
State A/C ZIP Code o? 74/ y
Q�f`nGfl'� 7L fj Nk-
3) Physical Location Information:
Please provide a narrative description of how to get to the facility (use street names, state road numbers, and
distance and direction from a roadway intersection). o S �'
S,a F wit 1VCAle
SeGia.-t
(A copy of a county map or USGS quad sheet with facility clearly located on the map is required to be submitted with this application)
45)
a'OpOe 6W.
SW U-217-10170 t
Page 1 of 4

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NCG020000 NA.I.
4) This NPDES Permit Application applies to which of the following : /�
New or Proposed Facility Date operation is to begin AS Sr9o?5 lye
❑ Existing yv�+r►iri� pp el' •i t e5 a plp rovvw
5) Standard Industrial Classification:
Provide the 4 digit Standard Industrial Classification Code (SIC Code) that describes the primary industrial
activity at this facility
SIC Code: _L 4- 1
6) Provide ? brief narrative description of the types of minerals mined at this facility: L.f iNgS &Aj e
7) Discharge Points:
Number of discharge points (ditches, pipes, channels, etc. that convey discharges from the property):
Stormwater: 0 Mine dewatering: L> Process Wastewater Overflow: _ <n
Please rovide short na rative description of dischar es: _)� 1 rP'rC hli� 2✓S 2, 3. %—/ 9 %
ofaFaa�r.l
8) Receiving waters:
What is the name of the body or bodies of water (creek, stream, river, lake, etc.) that the facility stormwat
discharges end up in? L1&. Abe _ _._ I/ tZA 3� ZA-1d s 111y±a 5Ae I f,CZ O- 9 k r
If the site stormwater discharges to a separate storm sewer system, narpq the operator of the separate storm
sewer system (e.g. City of Raleigh municipal storm sewer). /A
9) Does this facility have any other NPDES permits?
C(No
❑ Yes
If yes, fist the permit numbers for all current NPDES permits for this facility:
10) Does this facility have any Non -Discharge permits (ex: recycle permits)?
CkNo
❑ Yes
If yes, list the permit numbers for all current Non -Discharge permits for this facility:
11) Does this facility employ any best management practices for stormwater control?
�o
❑ Yes
If yes, please briefly describe:
12) Does this facility have a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan?
KNo
❑ Yes
If yes, when was it implemented?
13) Are vehicle maintenance activities occurring at this facility?
❑ No XYes QY�C-2 be L4.5
14) Are mine dewatering discharges occurring?
�(No ❑ Yes
SWU-217-101701
Page 2 of 4

ti

NCG020000 N.O.I.
15) Are discharges of overflows from process wastewater treatment systems occurring?
;<No
❑ Yes
If yes, answer the following questions on the wastewater treatment system:
a) Please describe the type of process used to treat and/or recycle the process wastewater. Give design
specifics (i.e. design volume, retention time, surface area, etc.). Existing treatment facilities should be
described in detail and design criteria or operational data should be provided (including calculations) to
ensure that the facility can comply with requirements of the General Permit. [Use separate sheet(s)]
Note: Construction of any wastewater treatment facilities require submission of three (3) sets of plans and
specifications along with their application. Design of treatment facilities must comply with requirements
15A NCAC 2H .0138. If construction of wastewater treatment facilities applies to the discharge of process
wastewater, include three sets of plans and specifications with this application.
b) Does this facility employ chemical additives to flocculate suspended solids?
I No
❑ Yes
If yes, please state the name, manufacturer and the quantity of average daily usage of the chemical
additive
c) Does this facility ov ow only during rainfall events exceeding the 10-yr, 24-hr rainfall event?
I (No IYes
16) Hazardous Waste:
a) Is this facility a Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, or Disposal Facility?
>I No ❑ Yes
b) Is this facility a Small Quantity Generator (less than 1000 kg. of hazardous waste generated per month) of
hazardous waste?
X,No © Yes
c) Is this facility a Large Quantity Generator (1000 kg. or more of hazardous waste generated per month) of
hazardous waste?
KNo ❑ Yes
d) If you answered yes to questions b. or c., please provide the following information:
Type(s) of waste:
How is material stored:
Where is material stored:
How many disposal shipments per year:
Name of transport / disposal vendor
Vendor address:
17) Certification:
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6 b (i) provides that:
Any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, report,
plan or other document filed or required to be maintained under Article 21 or regulations of the Environmental
Management Commission implementing that Article, or who falsifies, tampers with or knowingly renders inaccurate any
recording or monitoring device or method required to be operated or maintained under Article 21 or regulations of the
Environmental Management Commission implementing that Article, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine
Page 3 of 4
5WU-217-101701

NCG020000 N.O.I.
not to exceed $10,000. or by imprisonment not to exceed six months, or by both. (18 U.S.C. section 1001 provides a
punishment by a tine of not mare than $10,000 or imprisonment not more than 5 years, or both, fora similar offense.)
I hereby request coverage under the referenced General Permit. I understand that coverage under this permit
will constitute the permit requirements for the discharge(s) and is enforceable in the same manner as an
individual permit.
I agree to abide by the following as a part of coverage under this General Permit:
1. 1 agree to abide by the approved Mining Permit for this mining activity. (A copy of the valid
mining permit must be attached to this request.
2. 1 agree to not discharge any sanitary wastewater from this mining activity except under the
provisions of another NPDES permit specifically issued therefore.
3. 1 agree that bulk storage of petroleum products and other chemicals shall have adequate
protection so as to contain all spills on the site.
4. 1 agree that solid wastes will be disposed of in accordance with N.C. statutes and rules
governing solid waste disposal.
5. 1 agree that maintenance activities for vehicles and heavy equipment will be performed so as to
not result in contamination of the surface or ground waters.
I agree to abide by the provisions as listed above and recognize that the provisions are to be considered as
enforceable requirements of the General Permit
I certify that I am familiar with the information contained in this application and that to the best of my knowledge
and belief such information is true, complete, and accurate, /�'O
Printed Name of Person Signing: PPG1 A.vt%la n
Title: O e
Applicant)
(Date Signed)
Notice of Intent must be accompanied by a check or money order for $80.00 made payable to:
NCDENR
Final Checklist
This application will be returned as incomplete unless all of the following items have been included:
❑ Check for $80 made payable to NCDENR
❑ This completed application and all supporting documents
❑ Copy of the valid approved mining permit for the facility
❑ Copy of county map or USGS quad sheet with location of facility clearly marked on map
Mail the entire package to:
Stormwater and General Permits Unit
Division of Water Quality
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
Note
The submission of this document does not guarantee the issuance of an NPDES permit.
Page 4 of 4
SWU-217-101701

■
Shelter Creek Quarry Mining_ Plan
Table of Contents
Item Number
1. 7.5 minute quadrangle map (red tab #1)
1a. Pender County Highway map (red tab #2)
2. Shelter Creek Development Phan (no tabs)
3. Pender County Special Use Permit (blue and green tab #3)
4.' Wetland Delineation Survey (red and green tab #1)
4a. Wetland Delineation Preliminary (red and green tab #2)
5. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Notification of Jurisdictional Determination (purple tab #4)
6. NPDES Permit Application (green tab #5)
7. Retention Pond (blue and yellow tabs #1 and #2)
8. Turn -lane Detail (blue tab #8)
9. Phase I = Cross -Section (yellow tab #9)
10. Project Phases 1, 2, 3, and 4 (purple and yellow tab #10)
11. Revised Mineable Area (blue and red tab #11)
�✓ s

Shelter Creek Quarry
Mining Plan
Background
The need for aggregate stone in the Pender, New Hanover, and Brunswick County
areas of Southeastern North Carolina is currently in a critical state. Certain sizes of
aggregate material are currently being sold on an allocation basis. The recent building
boom and construction demands have forced mining companies to ship aggregate
materials by rail at a cost of approximately $10.00 per ton which has caused prices to
escalate to an average selling price of over $15.00 per ton.
Unfortunately, the natural way that crusteous limestone is found in relatively
narrow layers causes mining companies to use vast acres of property in order to produce
quantities capable of satisfying the demand. The current demand for these three counties
exceeds three million tons of aggregate, and there is only one mine capable of satisfying
one-third of the demand.
Southeastern North Carolina has placed strict restrictions on mining in these
counties, and the population boom has left very few large tracts of land that can qualify
for mining permits. Wetlands occur naturally in these areas, and large tracts of land just
naturally have wetlands intertwined with dry land. The current open pit mine operating in
Pender County has impacted over 30 acres of wetlands, and is having difficulty producing
1,000,000 tons per year of aggregate.
It is important to recognize that the proposed Shelter Creek Quarry is necessary
and beneficial to the growth demands being placed on this three county area, as well as all
of the road construction demands for maintenance and by-pass construction. The Shelter
Creek Mining Company has approximately 50,000,000 tons of aggregate reserves in an
extremely rural setting, and will only impact approximately 25 acres of wetlands over a
50 year period of mining. It will suffice to say that the quality of life for a Pender County
resident will only be affected in a positive manner. The new jobs that this mine will
produce are too numerous to mention.
Shelter Creek .Quarry will produce 1,000,000 tons of aggregate per year and will
need 50,000 truckloads per year to deliver to job sites. Imagine for a second how many
more trucks and drivers will be needed. The taxes derived from the purchase of
$10,000,000 worth of mining equipment and $3,000,000 in additional on the road trucks
and concrete equipment, as well as all of the employees necessary to operate this
equipment will be a welcomed source of revenue to Pender County.
Current demands for drinking water and water for household use from coastal
communities in these three county areas have grown at a geometric rate. Natural coastal
aquifers are being or have been depleted from their underground source. As Shelter
Creek is mined, it will be able to provide millions and millions of gallons of water to
these communities, since the mining plans call for this site to turn into a reservoir once

the aggregate is mined. This water will be available for hundreds of years to come for
human consumption.
The most unique feature of the Shelter Creek Mining Plan is the fact that all water
that leaves the open pit area will never be pumped directly into any stream, creek, or
river. Although, a maximum of 500,000 gallons of water could be pumped per day; all of
it will go through the 100 plus acre wetland that will stay pristine and undisturbed
because of the unique level spreader that will allow all water to go directly into the
wetland without disturbing it. Also, 8 monitoring wells have already been installed and
the water levels will be checked as necessary on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis when
deemed necessary. if other wells are needed, they will be installed!
Shelter Creek Mining Company is a must for Pender and surrounding counties
because human and industrial growth have placed increasing demands on aggregate
production!
1. Site Plan:
Project Boundaries- The proposed mining site with boundaries is
shown on
I I" x 17" Shelter Creek Development Plan submitted herewith. Also, see
item numbers 3, 4, 93 10, and 11.
Property Boundaries - The property boundaries are the same as the
Shelter Creek Development Plan depicts. Also, see item numbers 3, 4, 9,
10, and 11.
Excavation Boundaries - The Shelter Creek Development Plan
shows excavation boundaries in both plan views and isometric views. Also
see item numbers 3, 41 9, 10 and 11.
Structures, Existing and Proposed - A maintenance building is
shown on the western boundary in the middle of the excavation area. It will
stay. A scale house will be located on the incoming main road on the east
side, approximately 1000' from the entrance off State Route' 53. No others
are proposed. See Development Plan and item numbers 3, 9, 10, and 11.
Areas of Environmental Concern - The Development Plan shows a
128 acres of wetland that will remain untouched and pristine. Monitoring

3
wells and a huge man-made lake with installed level spreaders will protect it
during the entire mining phases by constantly feeding up to at least 500,000
gallons of water daily to it. See Development Plan and item numbers 4, 5, 6,
7, 9, 10 and 11.
Security Facilities - A large 10' high berm will extend the entire
length of the property along State Route 53 along with a steel cyclone fence
6' high. This berm and fence will penetrate the eastern and western
boundaries into the tree line. A locked gate inside of two parallel fences on
the main entrance road will come 500 feet onto the property toward the
scale house. See Development Plan and item numbers 9, 10, and 11.
Woodland Boundaries - The Development Plan shows woodlands to
the south, east, and west. State Route 53 is to the north. Also, see item
numbers 9, 10, and 11.
Stockpile Areas - The Development Plan shows stockpiles for the
different phases of mining in three different areas over the life of the mining
operation. The entire Phase 1 mining will last 10-12 years. Since all of the
equipment is portable, a new stockpile area is designated in Phase 2, and
Phases 3 and 4. Consequently, waste material will always go into the
mined -out pit area and other stockpiles will move immediately as shown in
the Development Plan. Also, see item numbers 9, 10 and 11.
Settling Basins - The Development Plan shows two settling ponds
with each phase, and they are located near the finish plant and stockpile
areas. The wet -wash ponds will move after each phase and will be cleaned
as necessary until they are permanently moved at the conclusion of each of
the phases. Waste material will constantly be placed in the bottom of the
mined out headings. Also see item numbers 9, 10 and 11.
Discharge Facilities - The Development plan shows one man-made
lake that will allow discharge water to be evenly distributed to the wetland
area. All sump water coming from the mining pit will be sent to the man-
made lake. It will then be evenly distributed from this lake to the wetland
area. The main sump area will hold over 1,000,000 gallons of water and a
floating pump station will pump up to 500,000 gallons/day to the horse -shoe

EI
retention pond. Another floating pump -station will pump the 500,000
gallons from the horse -shoe pond to the retention lake. At this point, the
level spreader will discharge the water directly into the wetlands. See items
7, 9, 10 and 11.
Wetlands - The Corps of Engineers and NC Division of Water
Quality are informed about the 152 acres of wetlands. Permitting is
ongoing at this time. The wetlands shown in the Development Plan will
remain pristine and a likely habitat area for wildlife. See item numbers 3, 4,
5, 7 and 11.
Streams with Classification - None. Sump water will not be
discharged directly to any streams or rivers. Shelter Creek borders mining
site on the south side of the property. Also see item number 4.
Site Elevation - Benchmark elevations are provided on the
Development Plan. The average elevation on the mining property is
approximately 20' MSL. Also, see item numbers 4 and 8.
Site Access - The main entrance will be provided off of State Route
53 as depicted on the Development Plan. See item number 8, 9, 10 and 11.
Special Flood Hazard Areas - The mineable property is in an
unnumbered A zone.
Drainage Facilities - Any storm water that goes to the pit area will be
pumped from a central pumping station as depicted on the Development
Plan. All other ditches that are on the property will still be used as well. No
new drains are expected to be needed. The drains and sump water deliver
natural and pumped water to the man-made lake for discharge. It will be
discharged evenly into the wetlands. No sump pump water will be directly
pumped off the mining site. The submitted cross sections show that the
sump settling pump basin will be approximately 100 ft. x 300 ft., and it will
have the deepest mined area in the quarry at -80 ft. MSL. The actual water
level will automatically be controlled by mercury switches, and will only
pump water down to a nominal -65 ft. MSL. This is necessary since non -
turbid water is desired for pumping. Also, this will be the first chance that

5
suspended solids can be removed before any pumping sends water to the
first settling ponds. The sump also provides a huge retention area in case of
inclement conditions. During Phases I and I1, the sump will be located in
the NE corner of the mining area, and Phases III and IV show the sump in
the NW corner of the mining area. Each sump is designed to work
automatically, and there will be only one sump working at any one time as
depicted in the Development Plan. See item numbers 7, 9, 10 and 11.
Proposed Buffers - The 50' buffer around the property is shown on
the Development Plan. Phase 1 shows the, buffer and fence ending in
wooded areas to the East and West. The entire perimeter of the mining
property will stay undisturbed, with native trees and flora. All wetland
areas will be buffered at a distance of 50' or greater. Should more ponds of
water and level spreaders be necessary to protect the smaller wetland areas,
they will be added. All wetland areas will be provided with at least 1
monitoring well.
Elevation Monument - A new elevation monument will be placed
inside the entrance of the mining site and marked accordingly. Currently a
marker elevation is provided by the state at the entrance area of State Route
53. See Development Plan.
Sanitary Facilities - The quarry scale house and maintenance
building will have sanitary facilities for employees. A portable unit will be
provided for customers.
Areas to be cleared - The Development Plan shows each area that
will be cleared of overburden prior to mining. There is currently 140 acres
of farmland. The remaining 258 acres will be cleared except for wetlands
during the four different phases of mining, but the buffer zone will stay
undisturbed whenever small wetlands are approached. See item number 4
for revised mining plan area.
2, Pro_lect Description:

b
Description of Activities - Open pit mining will be conducted using
a sinking cut, once overburden has been removed. Explosives will be used
to establish the working faces, but an attempt to dig the material without
further use of explosives will be attempted. The reasons that explosives
would not be used are economic in nature, but beneficial to everyone. If the
rock is capable of being mined with only excavators, more sellable stone
can be made and the cost per ton would be reduced. Consequently, if
explosives are used, the primary crusher will be located in the pit and
charged with a rubber -tired wheel loader. Material will then be sent to the
finish plant for further crushing and sizing by conveyor. Stockpiles of the
finished material will be stored at the finish plant. The finish plant will be
moved three times, since all of the equipment is portable. Because of this
fact, reclamation can be done more quickly and as the Development Plan
indicates, reclamation is completed as each phase of mining is completed.
Costs associated with reclamation bonding should be lower than normal,
since reclamation will be completed after each phase of mining. Also, see
item numbers 3, 9, and 10.
Schedule of Activities - The state permit is being applied for now
that the special use permit has been approved. Each phase of mining will
take 10-12 years, and all of the mining will be completed in 40-50 years.
During this period of time, reclamation occurs as each phase of mining
occurs. - Portable equipment makes this possible, and nothing is left behind
when a new phase of mining begins. See item numbers 9 and 10.
Hours of Operation - The hours of the quarry operation will be from
05:30 A.M. through 9:00 P.M. Monday through Saturday. These hours
include summer and winter operation and provide for emergency repairs and
maintenance.
State Permits Required - A state mining permit, NPDES Permit to
discharge into a wetland, and permits from NC Division of Water Quality
and the US Corps of Engineers
Ownership of the Site - The entire site was owned by Mr. Stephen
Holland of Pender County. Yellow Lab Farm, LLC, now owns the land, and
Shelter Creek, LLC owns the mining rights. Mr. Holland is president of

7
both corporations.
Structures on the Site - A maintenance building is currently located
there and a scale house will be built.
Material to be Mined - Crustaceous limestone and marl, also
overburden, sand, and topsoil will be excavated, stockpiled, and sold as
requested.
Mining Process - A horizontal heading will be established after a
sinking cut has been shot and emptied. The new heading will be drilled and
blasted if it cannot be dug with large excavators. It is far less expensive not
to drill and blast, however, by not using explosives, more useable rock can
be made by the crushers'and screens. In any event, the material will then be
picked up by rubber -tired loaders and fed through crushers and screens by
means of conveyors. After additional crushing and sizing, the material will
be stockpiled by elevated stackers, and then loaded onto customer trucks.
Ultimately, a stationary sump area will be established as shown in the
Development Plan in order to dewater the headings as mining proceeds. All
water from the primary sump will be pumped from a floating pump station
at the rate of 800-1400 gallons per minute. None of this water will leave the
property directly but will be deposited in the wetland area by way of the
level spreader built into the man-made lake. During inclement weather
conditions, millions of gallons of water can be stored in the pit area. See the
Development Plan and item numbers 7, 9, 10 and 11.
Material Processing on the Site - All mined material will be
crushed, sized, and in some instances, washed prior to stacking and being
sold.
Water Discharged from the Site - The water that is pumped from
the stationary sump will travel via a ditch to a primary settling pond and
then to a discharge pond with a modified system of discharged pipes that
will provide a uniformed discharge of water into the wetlands. The
Development Plan has designated that all sump pump water is to be
deposited into the wetlands and not into ditches, creeks, or rivers adjacent to
the property. See item numbers 3, 7, 9, 10 and I I .

Amount of Discharge - The sump area is designed to pump 2 million
gallons of water a day. Initially, less than 500,000 gallons of water are
anticipated to be discharged per day. The total sump pump water whether it
is 500,000 or 2,000,000 gallons per day will leave the property through the
wetlands. See item 7.
Receiving stream Classification - None. There is not a discharge
point near a stream, creek, or river. All water stays on the mining property
and egresses through the wetlands.
Existing and Proposed Sanitary Facilities - There are none at the
present time. The scale house and maintenance building will have
necessary facilities. A portable unit will be provided for customers.
Existing and Proposed Utilities on Site - The Four County Electric
Membership Corporation provides service at this time. Additional 480 volt
service will be provided later and a 500 kw portable generator will be
installed for emergency needs. All of this will be portable.
Reclamation Use - A 200 house gated community will be built, and
two lakes will provide boating, fishing, and recreational water sports. Also,
the two man-made lakes will be available as a new water source for adjacent
developed communities. The wetland area will remain a pristine wildlife
area.
Reclamation Plan - The mining plan allows for reclamation in four
phases. After mining is completed in each phase, the mined area will be
immediately reclaimed and released from bonding. This is shown in the
Development Plan and item numbers 9 and 10. Upon completion of Phase
1, all mining equipment, stockpiles, and wet wash ponds will be removed.
Only the main pump station will stay until Phase 2 is completed.
Reclamation Schedule - The total site will be reclaimed immediately
after the fourth phase of mining. After Phase I and 11 are finished, water
will be allowed to fill the lake, and it will be totally reclaimed. During
reclamation of Phase 11, a fish habitat area will be constructed in the

E
southern part of the western lake prior to it filling with water. The final
reclamation plan will be submitted prior to commencement of mining. See
the Development Plan and item numbers 3, 9 and 10.
Proposed Site Security - Berms, cyclone fencing, and a security gate
at the main entrance will built. Also internal berms will guard wetland areas
and all roads and high walls will be protected with berms built to a height of
60% of the Iargest diameter tire on any mobile piece of equipment used in
the mining operation. See the Development Plan and item numbers 7, 9 and
10.
Maximum Depth of Pit - All mining will be conducted 80-100 feet
below site elevation at the quarry entrance. Consequently, an average depth
of 60 feet below MSL shall exist on the mine property once the rock has
been removed. The finished lake bottom elevation will be an average of
minus 60 feet MSL.
Acreage Cleared - The Development Plan shows permanent roads
and back filled areas as well as the 50 foot buffer called for by the Mining
Act. All other areas shown as lake areas will be mined. See item number
11.
Acreage to be Mined - The Development Plan shows 380 acres of
land, and it is estimated that approximately 182 acres will be mined. See
item numbers 4 and 11.
3. Cross'section of the Site and Area to be Excavated Showing:
Existing .Elevation - The Development Plan has cross sections
showing elevations. The average elevation across the site is 20 feet MSL.
Finished Elevations - The water in the lakes shown in the
Development Plan will be at an average elevation of approximately 11 feet
MSL.
Slopes - All slopes are shown in the Development Plan and conform

10
to mining or special use requirements. 5-1 and 3-1 slopes are shown in the
Development Plan, as well as 2-1. In some instances, trial and error will
determine and safest slope ratio.
Existing Water Table - The current water table verified by
monitoring wells already located on the property show the level at 11 feet
MSL on an average.
Final Water Elevation - The lakes are expected to fill to an average
level of 11 feet MSL.

wig
NORTH CAROLINA
AZINING PERMIT APPLICATION
state of North Carolina
Department of Environment
And Natural Resources
Division of Land Resources
Land Quality section
1612 Mail service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612
[phone]
Revised 4/2002

NOTE:
It is recommended that you contact the appropriate
Regional Office (see Regional Office listing in the back
of this booklet) or the Raleigh Central Office for a
PRE -APPLICATION MEETING
To discuss your intentions and address any questions

MINING
FEE SCHEDULE
As oulhori2ed by the 1990 North Corolino General Assembly for the
N.C. Mining Act
Note: Payments shoufd be mode by check or money order to the N.C. Deportment.of Environment. Heclfh,
and Natural Resources. Processing will not begin before payment Is received.
• A, nonrefundable permit application fee when !fling for a
new mining permit,
a mc}cr permyl
modification
or a renewaf permit as follows:
TYPE
ACRES' '
NEW PERMIT
MAJOR
RElNEVJAL
MODIFICATION
Clay
1 but less than 25
S 500
S250
$250
25 but less than 50
1000
500
500
50 or more
1500
500
500
Sand & Gravel
1 but less than 5
150
100
100
Gemstone. and
5 but less than 25
250
100
100
Borrow Pils
25 but less than 50
500
250
500
50 or r;�ore
1000
500
500
Quarry, Industr'iol
1 but less lhan 10
250
i00
100
Minerals, and
10 but less than 25
11coo
250
500
Dimension Slone
25 but less than 50
1500
500
500
50 of more
2500
500
500
Peal & PhoS.ohole
i of more
2500
500
500
Gold (heap Leach)
1 or more
2500
500
500
Tiianium & Others
• A nometundaole S50.00 permit copiicalion processjng lee is reauuea Io1 minor permil moaiticollons its nor permil
modillccrlons Include ownersnip Itanslers. name cnanoes ono oena sunmissions. A minor peim;l mocilicclion also includes
lanas 000ea to a oerminec oreo, oulsiae of lne minimum permil Surer zone repuiremenrs. where no plans Ioi mining relclec
clslurbcnce or Ine eaoea lenas have been opprovec All diner cnonges c1e consiaerec meior mocllicdGons.
Acres lof new oermils and renewal pe—l's menns Ine 10101 ocreoge el the lime Acres raf mojor moclllcohons OI 2-e;mlls
means tne! crec of lono dlleclea oy Ine mooiticallon wil`in Ine peomilled rmne drop, or any eadilionol Iena lncs is 10 ce
dlsluroea cno eddeC to on exisling permilled area. Or bola
NORTH CAROUNA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL RESOURCES �7
Land Quality Section • Wilmington Regional Office *A
127 Cordinal Drive ',I. v.ilmincaon. NC • Teleonone (•,9-345-3900 • FAX [phone]- EDEr-i"FI

Revised 11/200-
As provided in G.S 74-52 of The Mining Act of 1971, a mining permit may be renewed at any time
during the 2 years prior to its expiration. The following items are required to renew a mining permit:
�) The appropriate mining permit renewal processing fee must be submitted to the
Land Quality Section Central Office (see fee schedule).
Six (&) copies of the following are required.
2) The permittee must complete a new mining permit application form except for the
Notification of Adjoining Landowners Section. The renewal can only cover the acreage"
under the existing mining permit for the site. If any additional acreage is to be affected
by mining, a modification request (including the corresponding processing fee) must
accompany the renewal request.
3) A letter must be submitted to the Land Quality Section by the permittee requesting renewa
of the mining permit for a period not to exceed 10 years and must clearly address how the
continued operation will not invoke any of the 7 denial criteria listed under G.S. 74-51 of
the Act. This letter must also describe any expected changes in the operation of the mine
and must state whether additional land is to be added or affected by mining at this site.
Additional acreage to be added to this permit (affected or unaffected) will require a
modification request (including proper notification of new adjoining #andowners and the
local government, as well as the appropriate modification processing fee). New
disturbances within the permitted area requiring new sediment and/or erosion control
measures will also require a modification to the mining permit.
4) An updated mine map must be submitted for the site delineating the sizes and locations of
all existing and proposed features of the mining operation, including sediment and erosion
control measures. Typical construction details must be submitted for each sediment and
erosion control measure, existing or proposed (although supporting design calculations for
existing measures is not required). Again, if additional land areas are proposed, a
modification request must be submitted, including the appropriate processing fee. In
addition, the mine map must clearly indicate the size and location of the additional land
and include the locations of all new adjoining landowners, the sediment and erosion
control measures for the new acreage, and the other relevant items listed under Section B.
- Maps of the application form. The permittee will be required to complete the notification
section of the application if land is to be added to the permit. Lastly, any proposed
sediment and erosion control measures must be accompanied by supporting design
calculations.
The original of the following item is reauired:
5) The performance (reclamation) bond must be evaluated to ensure that it is sufficient to
cover all proposed mining -related activities at the site for the renewal period.
All minin. permits for unreclaimed sites must be renewed. If your.mrne site has been inactive and
sufficient y rec€aimed (meets the reclamation conditions of your mining permit), please contact the Land
Quality Section Re ional Office serving your area to schedule an inspection for a full or partial release
of area covered byVe mining permit and reclamation bond.
For more information, contact the Land Quality Section Regional Office serving your area or the
Central Office at [phone]..

MINING PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW
PROCESS FLOWCHART
BEGINNING OF PROCESS
Application received by Land Quality Section/
State Mining Specialist
Application assigned to
Assistant State Mining Specialist
Assistant State Mining Specialist/Program Secretary
routes application for review and comment
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
- N. C. Geological Survey
- Wildlife Resources Commission
- Division of Water Resources
- Division of Archives & History
- Division of Parks & Recreation
- Others as appropriate
All application review comments forwarded to
Assistant State Mining Specialist
Is application complete?
If "YES", Assistant State Mining
Specialist drafts the proposed
permit action
Applicant issues
Public Notice
- Land Quality Section Regional Office
- Division of Air Quality
- Division of Water Quality
Review Public Comments;
Public Hearing Possible
If "NO", Assistant State Mining
Specialist drafts a letter requesting
additional information from applicant
Additional information from
applicant received and routed
to/reviewed by Assistant State Mining
Specialist and Land Quality Section
Regional Office
(go to*)

Application & proposed permit action
reviewed by State Mining Specialist
Is application &
proposed permit action
complete/acceptable??
If "Yes", the following permit actions
are issued by the State Mining Specialist:
- Draft Permits
- Permit Transfers/Name Changes
- Bond Substitutions
- Permit Releases
END OF PROCESS
If "YES", application & proposed
permit action forwarded to and
reviewed by Division Director
Is application &
proposed permit action
complete/acceptable??
If "YES", the proposed permit action is
issued by the Division Director
If "No", application & proposed
permit action returned to Assistant
State Mining Specialist for revision
(go to *)
For other permit actions, if "Yes",
application & proposed permit action
forwarded to and reviewed by Land
Quality Section Chief
Is application &
proposed permit action
complete/ acceptable??
If "NO", application & proposed permit
action returned to State Mining Specialist/
Assistant State Mining Specialist for revision
(go to *)
If "NO", application & proposed permit
action returned to Section Chief/State Mining
Specialist for revision
(go to *)
END OF PROCESS

2.
3
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
AND NATURAL RESOURCES
LAND QUALITY SECTION
APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
(PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE)
Name of Mine Srl2 r u r �-Ld- County de r
River Basir�e5- ez v- Latitude (dd.mm.ss) . /off Longitude (dd.mm.ss) W 7. 7v-'i 34
Name of Applicant* O
Permanent address for receipt of official mail** B 31 S 41Q -0 !2- 3 EAX L
fJ
Telephone v '9l D- ;2 S0 5 7y.3
4. Mine Office Address Jayy'..e- a5 Jt byy-p—
Telephone.
5. Mine Manager 9 7-�
NVe hereby certify that all details contained in this Permit Application are true and correct to the best of our
knowledge. We fully understand that any willful misrepresentation of facts will be cause for permit
revocation.
***Signature
Print Name f'e"A -& n el
Titie COr u nr-y
Date /o�L.;F.5f e4
This will be the name that the mining permit will be issued to and the name that must be indicated on the
reclamation bond (security) that corresponds to this site.
** The Land Quality Section must be notified of any changes in the permanent address or telephone number.
*** Signature of company officer required.
G.S. 74-51 provides that the Departinent shall grant or deny an applidation for a permit within 60 days of receipt of a
complete application or, if a public hearing is held, within 30 days following the hearing and the filing of an),
supplemental information required by the Department. All questions must be addressed and all required maps
provided before this application can be considered complete. Attach additional sheets as needed.
-I-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
■ NOTE: All of the following questions must be thoroughly answered with regards to your reining
operation for the intended life of the mine. All responses must be clearly conveyed on a corresponding,
detailed mine map.
A. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MINE
Answer all of the following that apply:
` a
1. a. If this is an application for a NEW pennit,'indicate thb tota]'-acreage-at the site to be covered by the
permit,(this is the acreage that the,."new permit" fee will be based upon):
Of this acreage, how much is owned and how much is leased? Acres owned: 3q0 Acres
leased: Property owner if leased:
b. If this is an application,for RENEWAL bf a mining permit, indicate the mining permit number and
the total (overall) acreage covered by the existing permit: Mining Permit No.: Total
Permitted acreage (this is the acreage that the "renew' al" fee `will be based upon)::
c. If this is an application for a MODIFICATION to a' mining permit,'indicate the mining permit
number and the total (overall) acreage covered by the existing permit: Mining Permit
No.: Total permitted acreage:
Does the modification involve acreage within the previously approved permitted boundary?
Yes_ No�. If yes, indicate the acreage to be covered by this modification (this is the acreage that
the "major modification" fee xvill.be based -upon)-
Does the modification involve acreage outside the previously approved permitted boundary?
Yes No If yes, indicate the additional acreage to be covered by this
modification: (NOTE: you must complete ail of Section F. of this application form
entitled Notification of Adjoining Landowners).
Of this acreage to be added to the permit, will any portion of this acreage be affected (disturbed,
'ground cover removed) by the mining operation? Yes. No (if no, a "minor
modification` fee of $50.00 is required, despite the "undisturbed" acreage to be added). If yes,
indicate the acreage to be affected within the acreage to be added to the permit (the total acreage to
be added to the permit is the acreage that the "major modification" feerwill'be based upon):
d. If this is an application for TRANSFER of a mining permit, indicate the mining permit number and
the total (overall) acreage covered by the existing permit: Mining Permit No.:
Total permitted acreage:
■ SEETHE FEE SCHEDULE AT THE END OF THIS FORM FOR THE PROPER FEE AMOUNT TO
BE PAID FOR THE REQUESTED PERMIT ACTION(S) AND CORRESPONDING ACREAGE NOTED
ABOVE
2. Name of all materials mined: i i ry%e,s t-a n e , e" i , x►yc( CBI
3. Mining method: Hydraulic Dredge Front-end Loader & Truck /X, Shovel &Truck
Dragline & Truck Self -loading Scraper Other (explain)
-2-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
4. a. Expected maximum depth of mine (feet) ^ S O M ;5 L
Depth is relative to what benchmark? (e.g,, natural ground level, mean sea level, road elevation, etc.)
b. Expected average depth of mine (feet) — 531 L M
5. Has any area(s) at this site been mined in the past? Yes NoK_
If yes, when and by whom was this activity conducted?
6. Number of years for which the permit is requested (10 years maximum): D yea V':rt
B. MAPS
1. Clearly mark and label the location of your mining operation on six 6) copies of a 7.5 minute quadrangle
and a county highway map. These maps, in addition to six (6) copies of all mine maps and reclamation
maps, must be submitted with each permit application.
- 7.5 minute quadrangles may be obtained from:
N.C. Geological Survey
NCDENR
1612 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612
[phone]
- County highway maps may be obtained from:
Location Department
State Highway Commission
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
[phone]
-3-
5,2 0- r�&VV1 *- 1
5-
e.2 Tom A�'l a.

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
2. Mine maps must be accurate 'and appropriately scaled drawings, aerial photographs or enlarged
topographic maps of the entire mine site. All aspects of the mine site must be clearly labeled on the
maps along with their corresponding (approximate) acreage. As a reminder, mining permits can
only be issued for up to 10 years; thus, all mine and reclamation maps must only denote those
activities that are intended to be conducted -during the life of the mining permit. All maps must be
of a scale sufficient (see minimum requirements listed below) to clearly illustrate the following, at a
minimum:
a. Property lines of the tract or tracts of land on which the proposed mining activity is to be located
including easements and rights -of -way.
b. Existing or proposed permit boundaries.
c. Initial and ultimate limits of clearing and grading.
d. OutIine and width of all buffer zones (both undisturbed and unexcavated).
e. Outline and acreage of all pits/excavations.
f. Outline and acreage of all stockpile areas.
g. Outline and acreage of all temporary and/or permanent overburden disposal areas.
h. Location and acreage of all processing plants (processing plants may be described as to location and
distance from mine if sufficiently far removed).
i. Locations and names of all streams, rivers and lakes.
j. Outline and acreage of all settling and/or processing wastewater ponds.
k. Location and acreage of all planned and existing access roads and on -site haul roads.
-1. Location of planned and existing on -site buildings.
m. Location and dimensions of all proposed sediment and erosion control measures.
n. Location of 100-year floodplain limits and wetland boundaries.
o. Names of owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary; if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of
the mine tract, names of owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts, that are within 1,000 feet of
the mining permit boundary, must be provided on the mine map.
p. Names of owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary which lie directly across and are contiguous to any highway; creek, stream, river, or
other watercourse; railroad track; or utility or other public right-of-way; if an adjoining tract is
owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract, names of owners of
recofd'of tracts adjoining these tracts, that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary, must
be provided on the mine map(s). NOTE: "Highway" means a road that has four lanes of travel or
less and is not designated as an Interstate Highway.
q. Map legend: r
I. Name of applicant — St��p�e t 1-}}tt t01j�^'�d
2. Name of mine
3. North arrow
4. County
5. Scale
6. Symbols used and corresponding names
7. Date prepared and revised
S. Name and title of person preparing map
Map scales should meet the following guidelines:
PERMITTED ACREAGE MAP SCALE
0-99 Acres I inch = 50 feet
100-499 Acres 1 inch = 100 feet
500+ Acres 1 inch = 200 feet
(NOTE: Smaller scaled maps may be acceptable if they clearly illustrate the above items)
L'Q

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
A table/chart must be provided on the mine map that clearly lists the approximate acreage of tall ingslsediment
ponds, stockpiles, wastepiles, processing areafhaul roads, mine excavation and any other major aspect of the
mining operation that is proposed to be affected/disturbed during the life of the mining permit. A table/chart
similar to the following will be acceptable:
CATEGORY
AFFECTED ACREAGE
Tailings/Sediment Ponds
Ct'e S
Stockpiles
Willhe rnovPgl¢✓¢ $-IP
Wastepiles
(laceQ► v K u a ✓r
Processing Area/Haul Roads
Mine Excavation
Other we � /21w)S
S• Z .
NOTE: IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE, THE MAPS MUST ALSO INCLUDE ANY.SITE-SPECIFIC
INFORMATION THAT IS PROVIDED IN THE ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN
THIS APPLICATION FORM (PLEASE NOTE THE ITALICIZED QUESTIONS/STATEMENTS
THROUGHOUT THE FORM). THIS APPLICATION WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED COMPLETE
WITHOUT ALL RELEVANT ITEMS BEING ADEQUATELY ADDRESSED ON THE MINE MAPS.
-5-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
C. PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
1. Describe in detail the sequence of events for the development and operation of the m'ne�n d reference the
sequence to the mine map(s). Attach additional sheets as needed. SQQ a.-6�ae ed
ydtt+nl e��� l ��de�atO�r,r,Ar+ P�ayt y a►r�G+ f �»'! humv�3e� S 3lgl fd <t l 1
2. Describe specific erosion, control measures to be installed prior to land disturbing activities and during
mining to prevent offsite sedimentation (inclu'de'specific plans for sediment and erosion control for mine
excavation(s), waste piles, access/mine roads and process areas), and give a detailed sequence of installation
and schedule for maintenance of the measures' Locate and label all sediment and erosion control measures
on the mine maps) and provide typical ct oss-sections/construction details of each measure. Engineering
designs and calculations/shall be required when needed to -justify the adequacy of any Qroposed measures.
See -w, W I . 4If ode,- stre-5 WX he '41 ee' ie./ & d r'i71 &o
SN�nr a►-a4 (ocateot o1n Iuayr F'iovY J�dln?err f F"�e wt�� ie
�L5�o�area �ri�� 1 SaQdQ� are.ds rr�vl�l+e
pro tev ed V row tk
3. a. Will the operation involve washing the material mined, recycling process water, or other waste water
handling? Yes—k No If yes, briefly describe all such processes including any chemicals to be
used. '5wmadi was � povJs- aee, CloSed (!1reu i.-6vP1 wllj eve
bi5.ed a�- w a s(� P I ae\'�, . T �e s e, e.j rr�o ve a 5 e a c 4 pA a se.
o f mt t� I V� ) S Corm/o le- 6a .
b. Will the operation involve discharging fresh or waste water from the mine or plant as a point discharge to
the waters of the State? Yes No K . If yes, briefly describe the nature of the discharge and
locate all proposed discharge points (along with their method of stabilization) on your mine map(s).

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
Will any art of the proposed mine excavation(s) extend below the water table?
Yes_ No : If yes, do you intend to dewater the excavation(s)? Yesy
No . If yes, what impact, if any, will mine dewatering have on neighboring wells?
Estimated withdrawal rate in gallons per day: Soo I o o e). Locate all existing wells on the mine
inap(s) that lie within 500 feet of the proposed excavation area. Provide data to support any
conclusions or statements made, including any monitoring well data, well construction data and
current water withdrawal rates. Indicate whether the proposed mine locale is served by a public
water -F' system or !rn private wells. m, i e- rbirw p Pr, a�. f-e W Q //� a +�¢ o f Qa S'� 1
l
gHa r+� y o per�t-E7ons � a K�
�a✓e �baah r�rl//e
io ca -c� n ma _ psi �t . ' . See `D�,ie 'lop�nt Pi( a.r►
h k•►n bets 3 �G ! �
9f
d. If you answered yes to any of the above questions, provide evidence that you have applied for or
obtained the appropriate water duality permits) (i.e., non -discharge, NPDES, Stormwater, etc.)
from the Division of Water Quality, Water Quality Section. In addition, the applicant is required to
register water use with the Division of Water Resources if the operation withdraws more than
100,000 gallons per day and needs a capacity use permit from the Division of Water Resources if
the operation lies in a capacity use area and withdraws more than 100,000 gallons per day.
refk es fs ?Ye of fa -epee/ and( Cz)-meetii,2 s col e-j
lo ca 1 w ate r �u a -)r tn spP -z-o vs Ka ve a1 r¢ ad� 6 �n IudP�
4. a. Will flie operation MNolve crushing or any other air contaminant emissions? `
Yes >— No `If yes, indicate evidence that you have applied for or' obtained an air
quality permit issued b the Division of Air Quality -'or local governing.body.
4 al r faalj �� pereww 6 Ras be" a pp%iP� Fir
b. How "kvill 'dust, from stockpiles, haul roads, etc., be controlled? W,, �er oef 141r6ca--n1�5*
aF y�ecessar� wE// be..appl�e� >�v ,a// .f�au.� roa/sa
ClrA 5 h v� Q rid ►rt e, L� '�' Screen h�' e�v1Prn&17 L
C�a r ys a s
a r7 "elect/_
Po 1 vt�5 o F ✓e�

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
5. a. A buffer will be required between any mining activity and any mining permit boundary or right-of-
way. It may be an unexcavated buffer (no excavation, but roadways,. berms and erosion &
sedimentation control measures may be installed within it), an undisturbed buffer (no disturbance
within the buffer whatsoever), or a coibination of the two, depending upon the site conditions. Note
that all buffers must be located within the mining permit boundaries.
{ How wide a buffer will be maintained between any mining activity and any mining permit boundary
or right-of-way at•this�site?' •A minimum buffer of 25,feet is recommended, although a wider buffer
may be needed Vending pn,site conditions. ' Show all=buffer locations and widths on the minenzap(s). See,a I0pw►o.,nt Pla r� ro t bµ FwF.PY!; W/// ,b'
i
b. A minimum 50 foot wide undisturbed buffer will be required between any land disturbing activities
within the mining permit boundaries and any natural watercourses and wetlands unless smaller
undisturbed buffers can be justified. Depending on site conditions, a buffer wider than 50 feet may
-6e heeded:' y t
How wide an undisturbed buffer will be maintained between any land disturbing•activities within the
mining permit boundaries and any natural watercourses nd wetlands at thi site? Show all buffer
•locations and widths on the mine map(s). �QQ, pevetioma-,rti P/a yt, Zod
i'ce rrt y\wobey-s `%t !Dt a.ri� hl. .411 rPma1 vt r� wed /ids wl!
�ad e a To I bu Fie Y`, a- •Yrlovu to rI n we IV F r�ecessav0q.1
X^A a P� �� �,� a level spy- lei Order- to
6. a. Describe methods to prevent landslide or slope instability adjacent to adjoining permit boundaries
during mining. Minimum 2 horizontal to l vertical slopes or flatter for clayey material and
minimum 3 horizontal to 1 vertical slopes or flatter for sandy material are generally required, unless
technical justification can be provided to allow steeper slopes. S- be e% �L
Hope, ;2 re 4evec eeo4
�'�,ta a.►� c� a r r�o. r w;/�, ��m a -� � . c� E is A
li�

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
b. Provide a cross-section on the mine map(s) for all fall slopes (berms, wastepiles, overburden
disposal areas, etc.), clearly indicating the intended side slope gradient, installation of any benches
and/or slope drains (with supporting design inf rmation) if needed, and the method of final
stabili.-ation. Sam 11 y�/p�� Pam
c. In excavation(s) of unconsolidated (non -rock) materials, specify the angle of all cut slopes including
specifications for benching and sloping. Cross-section or all cut slopes must be provided on the
mine map(s).
5¢,2 D.¢ ve �m p YY��-vl t I XY1
d. In hardrock excavations, specify proposed bench widths and heights in feet. Provide cross -sections
of the mine excavation clearly noting the angles of the cut slopes, widths of all safety benches and
mine benches, and the expected maximum depth of the excavation.
a w..v n N ,*, Dr -5n ice) d1e Z`'o a ]jd t,✓ rc) ✓
7. Describe other methods to be taken during mining to prevent physical hazard to any neighboring dwelling
mouse, public road, public, commercial or industrial building from any mine excavation. Locate all such
structures on the mine map if they are within 300 feet of any proposed excavation.
401
8. Describe what kind of barricade will be used to prevent inadverterii pt blic access along any high wall area
and when it will be implemented: Vegetated earthen berms,'appropriate'fdncing and adequate boulder
barriers may be acceptable high wall barricades. A construction detail/cross-section and location of each
type of barricade to be used must be indicated on the urine map(s). Saq Page 3 OF 1" i n l i �s
Pix, . �� I'oa s-, c,wo rjC R � wall 6 ce5 mat o r a n e Z: e y U
or'a-r1 'e r s a+%e i S `wi ;17 6 2' ' '9 e r ke'
���1 Iar es,_L4.
oQv-ns o✓¢r' 6�.rrca/��r,��teyia [ LA-
a Y � S,d
o
��ncor4a nce c.o 3v...0 FR pa.r.5-7 93 Do
A 5 Sv,a11 a S S/n %�i.�g ,�.caL�, iS' md��
Will beeein .

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
Are acid producing minerals or soils present? Yes No %� How will acid water
pollution from the excavation, stockpiles and waste areas be controlled?
10. a. Describe specific plans (including a schedule of implementation) for screening the operation from
public view such as maintaining or planting trees, bushes or other vegetation, building berms or other
measures. Show the location ofall visual screening on the mine map(s) and provide cross -sections
through all pro oP�e10jo M"t Psed berms or proposed s acing, sizes and species for tree plantings.
t. pro
.
b. Could the operation have a significantly adverse effect on the purposes of a publicly owned park,
forest or recreation area? 1f so, how will such effects (i.e., noise, visibility, etc.) be mitigated?
/\/O
11. Will explosives be used? Yes /\ No . If Yes, specify the types of explosive(s) and
describe what precaution(s) will be used to prevent physical hazard to persons or neighboring property
from flying rocks or excessive air blasts or ground vibrations. Depending on the mine's location to nearby
structures, more detailed technical information may be required on the blasting program (such as a third -
party blasting study). Locate the nearest offsite occupied structures) to theprogosed excagatiolr(s) on the
mine map and indicate it approximate distance to the p oposed excavation. of eY
fxPlasjve(�a/ramj� g4V0 day// 6e •r�9 zf is c-,~.4.aa-t-,o aF
Sl�rr a9 Pr,71eJ 4Y4wtain urn /V 614ee. AlIX'o4s cv,'// 6,e o•Pe.���g�✓
-466 erUace ►Y6 nI wwx i low &-a uerc ,J a ✓e c , Hr r b 1as,' av�
�r'ounG� V1 b `d.favn wi/� 6� �G %S�i G M'1 on i tore 7 �2.
ea,�es� occ'uPie�/ dwe//i%r� is ��-L� c�F�,P tr►�nth D B�a�ra�y
12. Will fuel tanks, solvents, or other chemical reagents be stored on -site? Yes No
7 ves, describe these ntaierials,' how the will be stored and method o contarr meat in case o spill Indicate
Y f f
the location(s) of all. storage facihrties on.the mine map(s1.. t>1 i4e I �ue� w i// by S�yre/
a -- a . yxewt i r1 $ Co na✓� � e
FloorQ ert0ee
Lp •CaN'frltl'�, �lA%' '
loei x;6rJ - r1 ex� 'to in a i r1 t" JA-w &e;
bU l �of'iriwinrt, i ►-i '��'i e' Qe,/¢ jr��.m artJL 6/ le 500
rII' be �'it �'R.e poi -ea
-z0-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
D. RECLAMATION PLAN
Describe .your intended plan for, the. final reclamation and subsequent use of all affected lands and indicate
the sequence'and genera] methods'to be Used in reclaiming this land. This must include the method of
reclamation of settling ponds and/or sediment control -basins and themethod of restoration br establishment
of any permanent drainage channels to a condition minimizing erosion, siltation and other pollution. This
information must be illustrated on a reclamation nzap and must correspond directly witli the infor,i Ution
provided on the mine map(s). In addition, design information, including typical cross -sections, of any
permanent channels to be constructed as part of the reclamation plan and the location(s) of all permanent
channels must be indicated on the reclamation map. Ste- P/0�-,n , All
was r" s- Lo W be rV% t y% t rt eases are
Comer, � e e wds�e 11v1�p
Wo n,ec� &L'L+- gaatri F jvo ►*I aZs one Ana �e rya l �ceGirri�Ila ><es
2. Is an excavated or impounded body of water to be ]eft as a part of the reclamation? Yes -X No
If yes, illustrate the ,location of the. bodv(s) of water on the reclamation map and provide a scaled
cross-section(s) through the proposed body(s) of water. The minimum water depth must be,at•least, 4 feet,
measured from the normal low seater table elevation, unless information is provided to indicate that a more
shallow water body will be productive and beneficial at this site. Will the body(s) of seater be stocked with
fish? Yes � __ No If yes, specify species. SQQ Delelopm 6,s,� Pert.
a. Yn d rf� h u,m b-e r S 7, {% /O 91 // a F 7a
I3 rl rn C a & Fs f a�r.� �a SS Lo fl hle—
3
Describe provisions for safety to persons and to adjoining property in'all completed excavations -in rock
including what kind of permanent barricade will be left. Acceptable permanent barricades are appropriate
fencing, large boulders placed end -to -end, etc. Construction details and locations of all- permanent
barricades must be shown on the reclamation map. J�-2 De s/e l ae,49..7 & )al.?ij'L
APProxi'm.7 fie/ ;2 a v bu i /,/�,' /-D �S w') />' �N rraren/ H-P-
�1
1 /abx 2 Fir rrri111 in �S
11-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
4. Indicate the method(s) of reclamation of overburden, refuse, spoil banks or other such on -site mine waste
areas, including specifications for benching and sloping. Final cross -sections and locations forsuch areas
must be provided on the reclamation map. Ste, Q �eve) C> � opt' 0-" tPlan. �Q oh 1 y
T�nw�hy d�QC/Ce
6CAAGI lo_S Fov- 14dwses ,
5. a. Describe reclamation of prdcdssirig facilities, stockpile areas;''and`on=site roadways.,
b. Will any on -site roadways be left as part of the reclamation? Yes No . Ifyes,
identify such roadways on the reclamation map and prove e detgils on permanent ditch line stabilization.
Math nfra-y.cQ tV wtII by ara 5u4r Facaul
W 11 ` v h o to v boat ado (A X n d P a rk a vpe. 2L. 1t-,ear WVa i n
6. Describe the,method-of contrgl of contaminants and disposal of scrap metal, junk machinery, cables, or other
such waste products of mining. (Note definition of refuse in The Mining Act of 1971). No off -site
Venerated _waste shall be disposed of on the mine 'site without"prior'written approval from the NC
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Land Quality Section and either the Division of
Waste Management.(DWM)•or local governing body. If a disposaal�perrr'ii has been iss6ed'by DWM
for the site, a copy of said permit must be attached to this application. All temporary and permanent
refuse disposal areas must be clearly delineated on the mine maps) and reclamation map, along with a list
of items to be disposed in said areas. Atl i a rn cn I V% Q$ui p1rt a -At "Fj> b e_
�15g� S� rmo b,Je a-nµ P�,�fa�l� . C'�nce min�n_I C.ease5,
, � is t • ,, � 1' • •. � .. � 1 a .. - � • . • 1 k 1 ',S
— 1 2 —

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
Describe your plan for revegetation or other surface treatment of the affected areas. This plan must
include recommendations for year-round seeding, including the time of seeding and the amount and type
of seed, fertilizer, lime and mulch per acre. The recommendations must include general seeding
instructions for permanent revegetation and, if necessary, temporary revegetation. Revegetation utilizing
only tree plantings is not acceptable. Recommendations can be sought from:
a. Authorized representatives of the local Soil and Water Conservation District;
b. Authorized representatives of the Division of Forest Resources, Department of Environment and
Natural Resources;
c. Authorized county representatives of the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, specialists
and research faculty with the Colleges of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Forest Resources at
North Carolina State University;
d. North Carolina licensed landscape architects;
e. Private consulting foresters referred by the Division of Forest Resources, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources;
f. N.C. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Manual;
g. N.C. Surface Mining Manual: A Guide far Permitting, Operation and Reclamation;
h. Others as may be approved by the Department.
LIME - RATE OF APPLICATION (tons/acre): 1 �-m `,� f a-C�e
FERTILIZER - ANALYSIS AND RATE OF APPLICATION (pounds/acre): 5'a o/d t ��
SEED - TYPE (S) AND RATE (S) OF APPLICATION INCLUDING YEAR-ROUND SEEDING
SCHEDULE (pounds/acre): [NOTE: Include Legumes]
Seed Tvpes: Seedink Dates: Seeding Rates:
udk ' p r { — �u / ' //l�tr`n l - x
MULCH - TYPE AND RATE OF APPLICATION (pounds/acre) AND METHOD OF ANCHORING:
fide) #/acre q?-'Xi A s tYA'U.2 "J' Z-4 N e i piny .
OTHER VEGETATIVE COVERS — TYPE (S) AND RATE (S) OF APPLICATION INCLUDING `
SEEDING SCHEDULE (pounds/acre, trees/acre, spacing of trees/shrubs, etc): 7—�,¢�s ahA�
f\a�we (love, will 6e aolWe.l Z.o 6uildti� . iZe, a Fier -�o�.scs aye
C.." , s-6►�uete -/ - y
Revegetation and/or reforestation plan approved by:
Signature _
Print Name
Title
Agency
-13-
Date

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
E. DETERMINATION OF AFFECTED ACREAGE AND BOND
The following bond calculation worksheet is to be used to establish an appropriate bond (based upon a range
of $ 00 to S ,000 per affected acre) for each permitted mine site based upon the acreage approved by the
Department to be affected during the life of the mining permit. Please insert the approximate acreage, for each
aspect ofthe mining operation. that you intend to affect during the life ofthis mining hermit (in addition_ please
AFFECTED RECLAMATION RECLAMATION
CATEGORY
ACREAGE COST/ACRE* COST
Tailings/Sediment Ponds:
Ac. X S /Ac. _ $
Stockpiles:
Ac. X $ /Ac. _ $
Wastepiles:
Ac. X $ /Ac. = S
Processing Area/Haul Roads:
Ac. X S /Ac. = S
Mine Exdavation:
Ac. X $ /Ac. = S
Other:
Ac. X $ /Ac. = S
TOTAL AFFECTED AC.:
Ac.
(TOTAL PERMITTED AC.:
Ac.),; D e re v,,
Temporary & Permanent Sedimentation
& Erosion Control Measures:
Divide the TOTAL AFFECTED AC. above into the following two categories: a) affected acres that drain into
proposed/existing excavation and/orb)
affected acres that will be graded for positive drainage where measures will
be needed to prevent offsite sedimentation and sedimentation to onsite watercourses and wetlands.
a) Internal Drainage
Ac.
b) Positive Drainage.
Ac. X S1,500.00
SUBTOTAL COST: $
Inflation Factor: ,
.0.02 X SUBTOTAL'COST: S
X' Permit Life (1 to 10 years):
INFLATION COST: $
TOTAL COST = SUBTOTAL COST + INFLATION COST = $
Total Reclamation Bond Cost: S
(round down to the nearest $100.00)
-14-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
F. NOTIFICATION OF ADJOINING LANDOWNERS
The "Notice" form, or a facsimile thereof, attached to this application must be sent certified or registered mail
to:
(1) the -chief administrative officer of each county and municipality in which any part of the permitted
area is located as indicated on the mine map(s);
(2) all owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary; if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor
of the mine tract, ail owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified (that are
within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary) as indicated on the mine map(s); and
(3) all owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary which lie directly across and is contiguous to any highway; creek, stream, river,
or other watercourse; railroad track; or utility or other public right-of-way; if an adjoining tract is
owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract, all owners of record of
tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified (that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary) as indicated on the mine map(s). "Highway" means a road that has four lanes of travel
or less and is not designated as an Interstate Highway.
The only exception to the above method of giving notice is if another means of notice is approved in advance by
the Director, Division of Land Resources.
A copy of a tax map (or other alternative acceptable to the Department) must be mailed with the completed
"Notice" form (the proposed overall permit boundaries and the names and locations of all owners of
record of lands adjoining said boundaries must be clearly denoted on the tax map).
The "Affidavit of Notification" attached to this application must be completed, notarized and submitted to the
Department, with the remainder of the completed application form, before the application will be considered
complete.
SeQ zf�.m 3 �SPec1a ( G:`s� iP
NOTE: THIS SECTION MUST BE COMPLETED FOR ALL APPLICATIONS FOR NEW MINING
PERMITS AND ALL MODIFICATIONS OF A MINING PERMIT TO ADD LAND TO THE
PERMITTED AREA, AS REQUIRED BY NCGS 74-50(bl).
■ SEE THE NEXT TWO PAGES FOR THE "NOTICE" FORM AND THE "AFFIDAVIT OF
NOTIFICATION"
-15-

NOTICE
Pursuant to provisions G.S. 74-50(b1) of The Mining Act of 1971, Notice is hereby given that
has applied on
(Applicant Name)
(Date)
to the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources, North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612, for (check one):
(a) a new surface mining permit ❑
(b) a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the penmitted area ❑
The applicant proposes to mine
(Mineral, Ore)
of
(Direction)
in County.
(Nearest Town)
on
acres located
(Number) (Miles)
off/near road
(Number/Name)
*SEE ATTACHED MAP FOR PROPOSED PERMIT BOUNDARIES AND CORRESPONDING
ADJOINING LANDOWNER NAMES AND LOCATIONS*
In accordance with G.S. 74-50(b I), the mine operator is required to make a reasonable effort to notify all
owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining permit boundary; if an
adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract, all owners of record of
tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified (that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary). in addition,
the mine operator must also notify the chief administrative officer of the county or municipality in which any part of
the permitted area is located. Any person may file written comment(s) to the Department at the above address
within thirty (30) days of the issuance of this Notice or the filing of the application for a permit, whichever is later.
Should the Department determine that a significant public interest -exists relative to G.S. 74-51, a public hearing will
be held within' 60 days bf the end of -the 30=day commerif period'specified•above.
A copy of the permit application materials are on file and available for public review during normal
business hours at the above listed address as well as at the appropriate regional office. For information
regarding the specifies of the proposed rninin2 activity lease contact the applicant at the follo►vin
telephone number: . For information on the mining permit application review process,
please contact the Mining Program staff at 733-4574. Please note that the Department will consider any
relevant written comments/documentation within the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971 throughout the
application review process until a final decision is made on the application.
5e e- -r-ee,,7 # -3
(Addressee/Owner of Record's
Name and Address)
(Date of Issuance of this Notice/
Mailed to Addressee/Owner of Record)
-16-
(Name of Applicant: Include Contact Person
& Company Name, if Applicable)
Address of Applicant)

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERNUT
AFFIDAVIT OF NOTIFICATION
I, , an applicant, or an agent, or employee of an applicant, for a new Mining
Permit, or a modification of an existing Mining Permit to add land to the permitted area, from the N.C. Department
of Environment and Natural Resources, being first duly sworn, do hereby attest that the following are all known
owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining permit boundary
(including, where an adjoining tract is owned or ]eased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,
all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts, that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary) and
that notice of the pending application has been caused to be mailed, by certified or registered mail, to said owners of
record at their addresses shown below, such notice being given on a form provided by the Department:
(Adjoining Landowner Name) (Address)
(Attach additional list if necessary)
I do also attest that the following individual is the chief administrative officer of the county or municipality in
which any part of the permitted area is located and that notice of the pending application has been caused to be
mailed, by certified or registered mail, to said, office at the following address:
(Chief .Administrative Officer Name) (Address)
[City Manager, County Manager, Mayor, etc.) dos_ ,S u �� L�ia ��� ems, :�tY� T
r c�e,r C�eu n t� Pl a,,� �'► ri� �r r� c �o ✓ �u r ate, /l? C 2 S 4 Z s
The above attestation was made by mb OWhile under oath to provide proof satisfactory to the Department that a
reasonable effort has been made to notify all known owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land
that are adjoining the mining.permit boundary (including, where an adjoining tract. is. owned or leased by the
applicant or is owned by the lessor"of the mind tract, all owners of record of tracts adjoining these'tracts, that are
within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary) and the chief administrative officer of the county or municipality in
which any part of the permitted area is located in compliance with N.C.G.S. 74-50(b 1) and 15A NCAC 5B .0004(d)_
I understand that it is the responsibility of the applicant to retain the receipts of mailing showing that the above
notices were caused to be mailed and to provide them to the Department upon request.
Signature of Applicant or Agent
Date
If person executing Affidavit is an agent or employee of an applicant, provide the following information:
(Name of applicant)
I,
(title of person executing Affidavit)
a Notary Public of the County of
of North Carolina, do hereby certify that
appeared before me this day and under oath acknowledged that the above Affidavit was made by him/her-
Witness my hand and notarial seal, this day of
Notary:
My Commission expires:
20
, State
-17-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
G. LAND ENTRY AGREEMENT
We hereby grant to the Department or its appointed representatives the right of entry and travel upon our lands
or operation during regular business hours for the purpose of making necessary field inspections or investigations as
may be reasonably required in the administration of the Mining Act of 1971.
We further grant to the Department or its appointed representatives the right to make whatever entries on the
land as may be reasonably necessary and to take whatever actions as may be reasonably necessary in order to carry
out reclamation which the operator has failed to complete in the event a bond forfeiture is ordered pursuant to G.S.
74-59.
LANDOWNER:
Signature:
PrintNa., J "K Q", T7D +✓�e2.v�d
Address:
a 3is 17/g9 WA IJ 53 EaSt
t ,
348 a U) /✓C z 7�/
y
Telephone: q i o" 2 5r4- 57 cl 3
APPLICANT:
Signature:*
Print Name: �LoohB, „�o&% d
Title: Ot,t,9-h e }r,.
x
Company: J �Z e
Mine Name: Sa«y-aa l�lry
*Signature must be the same as the individual who signed Page 1 of this application.
Six (6) copies of the completed application, six (6) copies of all location maps, mine maps and reclamation
_maps. and the appropriate processing fee (see next page for fee schedule) in the forma check or money order
payable to the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources must be sent to the Land
Quality Section Central Office at the address listed on the front cover of this application form.
Inquiries regarding the status of the review of this application should be directed to the Mining Program staff at
[phone].
-18-

MINING
A nonrefundable permit application processing fee when filing for a new mining permit, a major permit modification or a renewal
permit is required as follows.
TYPE
ACRES
NEW
MAJOR
PERIMIT
MODIFICATION
RENEWAL
Clay
1 but less than 25
$500
S250
$250
25 but less than 50
1000
500
500
50 or more
1500
500
500
Sand & Gravel,
I but less than 5
150
100
100
Gemstone, and
Sorrow Pits
5 but less than 25
250
100
100
25 but less than 50
500
250
500
50 or more
1000
500
500
Quarry. Industrial
Minerals,
I but less than 10
250
1Q0
100
Dimension Stone
10 but less than 25
1000
250
500
25 but less than 50
1500
500
500
50 or more
2500
500
500
Peat & Phosphate
Gold (Heap
Leach), Titanium
& Others
I or more
I or more
2500 500 500
2500 500 500
A nonrefundable$50.00 permit application processing fee is required for minor permit modifications. Nlioorpermit modifications include ownership transfers, name
changes. bond substitutions and permit renewals sshere the mine is inactive and fully stabilized. A minor permit modification also includes lands added to a
permitted area, outside of the minimum permit buffer zone requirements, where no plans for mining related disturbance ofthe added lands have been approved. All
other changes are considered major modifications.
Acres for new permits and renewal permits means the total acreage at the site. Acres for major modification of permits means that area of land affected bg the
modification within the permitted mine area, or any additional land that is to be disturbed and added to an existing permitted area, or both.
1012000
-19-

LAND QUALITY SECTION HEADQUARTERS
Francis M. Nevils, Jr., P.E.
Section Chief
Land Quality Section
1612 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1612
Shipping Address: Land Quality Section
512 North Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27604
James D. Simons. P.C., P.E. - Chief Engineer
David H. Ward - Sediment Specialist
? - Assistant Sediment Specialist
Tracy E. Davis, P.E. - Mining Specialist
Judy Wehner- Assistant Mining Specialist
. -Assistant Mining Specialist
'. -Dam Safety Engineer
Tami Dodd, E.I. - Assistant Dam Safety Engineer
James Caldwell, E.I. - Assistant Dam Safety Engineer
Caroline Medlin, E.1.- Sediment Education
Couri•
Specialist
Telepl
Tabitha Brown - Sediment Education
FAX i
Intern
Greg'
Secretaries
Wendy Sposto - Lead Secretary
Stephanie Lane - Sediment & Dams
Susan Edwards - Mining
LAND QUALITY SECTION REGIONAL OFFICES
ASHEVILLE
MOORESVILLE
WINSTON-SALEM
RICHARD PHILLIPS, P.E.
DOUG,MILLER, P.E.
MATTHE"I GANTT, P.E.
JOHN
Interchange Bldg.
919 North Main Street
585 Waughtown Street
3800 B;
59 Woodfin Place
Mooresville, NC 28115
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
Raleigh
Asheville, NC 28801
COURIER - 13-15-01
INTER
COURIER - 12-59-01
COURIER - 09-08-06
[phone]
(919) 5'
[phone]
[phone]
FAX # [phone]
FAX #
FAX # [phone]
FAX [phone]
Alamance Alleghany Ash
Chatha
Avery Buncombe Burke
Alexander Lincoln
Caswell Davidson Davie
Frankli
Caldwell Cherokee Clay
Cabarrus Mecklenburg
Forsyth Guilford Rockingham
Johnstu
Graham Haywood Henderson
Catawba Rowan
Randolph Stokes Surry
Northa
Jackson Macon Madison
Cleveland Stanly
Watauga Wilkes Yadkin
Vance
McDowell Mitchell Polk
Gaston Union
Warret
Rutherford Swain Transylvania
Iredell
Yancey
FAYETTEVILLE
WILMItN`GTON
WASHINGTON
WILLIAM (TOBY) VINSO,N', Y.E.
DAN SAMS, P.E.
FLOYD WILLIAMS, P.C.
225 Green Street
127 Cardinal Drive Ext.
943 Washington Square Mall
Suite 714
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
Washington, NC 27889
Fayetteville, NC 28301
COURIER - 16-04-01
COURIER- 14-56-25
COURIER - 04-16-33
[phone]
[phone]
[phone]
FAX [phone]
FAX # [phone]
FAX ## [phone]
Beaufort Bertic Camden
Anson Montgomery Scotland
Brunswick New Hanover
Chowan Craven Currituck
Bladen Moore
Carteret Onslow
Dare Gates Greene
Cumberland Richmond
Columbus Pender
Hertford Hyde Jones
Harnett Robeson
Duplin
Lenoir Martin Pamlico
Hoke Sampson
Pasquotank Perquinians Pitt
Revis
Tyrrell Washington Wayne

SCHEDULE OF RECLAMATION COSTS10/2000 = applicos.sch.wpd
(Based upon range of $500 - $5,000 per affected acre)
COMMODITY CODES: SG = Sand and/or Gravel, GS = Gemstone, Borrow = Borrow/fill
dirt, CS = Crushed Stone, DS = Dimension Stone, FS = Feldspar, MI = Mica, LI =
Lithium, PF = Pyrophyllite, OL = Olivine, KY = Kyanite/Sillimanite/Andalusite, PH
Phosphate, CL = Clay/Shale, PE = Peat, AU = Gold, TI = Titanium, and OT = Other
Type T/S Ponds T S'.piles W.piles P.area/H.R. Mine Excay.
SG, GS, $500/ac.(L) $1800/ac. $2000/ac. $1800/ac. $500/ac.(L)
Borrow 1500(FI) $2000(PD)
CS, DS, 500(L) 1800 2000 2000 500(L)
FS, MI, 1500 (FI) 2500 (PD)
LI, PF,
01, KY
PH 1000(L) 2500 5000 5000 2000(L)
2500(FI) 5000(PD)
CL 1000(L) 2500 5000 5000 2000(L)
2500(FI) 3700(PD)
PE, AU, 1000(L) 2500 3000 3500
TI, OT 2500(FI)
(L) = reclamation to a lake and revegetating sideslopes
(FI) = reclamation by filling in and revegetating
(PD) = reclamation by grading for positive drainage & revegetating
2000 (L)
5000(PD)
AS PER NCAC 15A 5B.0003, IF YOU DISAGREE WITH THE BOND AMOUNT DETERMINED BY THE
BOND CALCULATION WORKSHEET, YOU MAY SUBMIT AN ESTIMATE OF RECLAMATION COSTS FROM
THIRD PARTY CONTRACTOR. SAID ESTIMATE MUST BE PROVIDED WITHIN 30 DAYS TO THE
FOLLOWING ADDRESS: Mining P rogram, Land Quality Section, 1612 Mail Service
Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612
ALL ESTIMATES MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING, AS A MINIMUM:
- FINAL GRADING COSTS PER ACRE
- LIME AND FERTILIZER COSTS PER ACRE
- YEAR-ROUND SEEDING MIXTURE COSTS PER ACRE (FROM APPROVED REVEGETATION
PLAN IN APPLICATION/PERMIT DOCUMENT)
- MULCH AND ANCHORING COSTS PER ACRE
- ANY OTHER RECLAMATION COSTS NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH THE APPROVED
RECLAMATION PLAN FOR THE SITE IN QUESTION
YOU WILL BE NOTIFIED AS SOON AS POSSIBL E OF THE DIRECTOR'S FINAL BOND
DETERMINATION.
1,000 copies of this public document were printed at a cost of $845.81 or $.85 per copy. 4/2002
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES - LAND QUALITY SECTION
-21-

NORTH CAROLINA
MINING PERMIT APPLICATION
state of North Carolina
Department of Environment
And Natural Resources
Division of Land Resources
Land Quality section
00
4i"�?;
1612 Mail service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612
[phone]
Revised 412002

NOTE:
It is recommended that you contact the appropriate
Regional Office (see Regional Office listing in the back
of this booklet) or the Raleigh Central Office for a
PRE -APPLICATION MEETING
To discuss your intentions and address any questions

MINING
FEE SCHEDULE
A5 authorized by the 1990 North Corolino Generol Assembly for the
N.C. Mining Act
Note: Payments should be mode by check or money order to the N.C. Department.of Environment. Health,
and Nalurol Resources. Processina will not begin before payment Is received
0 A nonrefundable permit application fee when filing for a new mining permit, a mejor permit
modification or a renewal permit os follows.
TYPE ACRES' ' NEW PERMIT MAJOR RENPAiAL
MODIFICATION
Clay
1 but less than 25
$ 500
$250
S250
25 but less than 50
1000
500
500
50 or more
1500
500
500
Sand & Gravei
1 but less than 5
150
100
100
Gemstone, and
5 but less Shan 25
250
100
100
Borrow Pits
25 but less than 50
500
250
500
50 or more
1000
500
500
Quorry, Industrial
1 but less than 10
250
100
100
rvlinerals. and
10 but less than 25
1000
250
500
Dimension Slone
25 but less than 50
1500
500
500
50 or more
2500
500
500
Peat & Phosphate
1 or ,more
2500
500
500
Gold (Heap [each)
1 or more
2500
500
500
Titanium & Others
A nonrefundoole S50.00 permit cnplicol�on processing lee is reau�reo for minor permit modificoOons Minor pelmil
mocilicallons include ownership Transfers. nome cnonaes and bond suomissions. A minor oermil moailicoiron olso includes
loncs aacea to a oermilteo area, ouuroe of the minimum permit Buller zone requirermenls. wnere no plans for mining relateo
disluroonce oT Ine ecaecl lands lave been opprovec. All olher cnonges eie eonsioerea major moo0colions.
Acres for new r7ermiTs and renewal perrn>>s means Ine total ecreoge el Me lime Acres TOT major moaalicohons of r%erm4s
rneons Mot area of Iona orreclea by the rnoaificolion wilhin Irhe oeimillea mine area. or any oaduionol IanC lnol is la be
dislurbec ono odaed to an existing perminea creo, of bola
NORTH CAROUNA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMEN t-F. HEALTH, AND NATURAL RESOURCES 1 /^�
Land Quality Section • WTimington Regional Office VA
127 Cordinal Drive Exl , VJilminglon. Nc • Teleonone 914.,,,95.3900 -FAX 91C 350.2004- oEi--iruF--i

Revised 111200
As provided in G.S. 74-52 of The Mining Act of 1971, a mining permit may be renewed at any time
during the 2 years prior to its expiration. The following items are required to renew a mining permit.
1 i The appropriate mining permit renewal processing fee must be submitted to the
Land Quality Section Central -Office (see fee schedule)
Six (6) copies of the fol4owing are required:
2) The permittee must complete a new mining permit application form except for the
Notification of Adjoining Landowners Section. The renewal can only cover the acreage'
under the existing mining permit for the site. if any additional acreage is to be affected
by mining, a modification request (including the corresponding processing fee) must
accompany the renewal request,
3) A letter must be submitted to the Land Quality Section by the permittee requesting renewa
of the mining permit for a period not to exceed 10 years and must clearly address how the
continued operation will not invoke any of the 7 denial criteria listed under G.S. 74-51 of
the Act. This letter must also describe any expected changes in the operation of the mine
and must state whether additional land is to be added or affected by mining at this site
Additional acreage to be added to this permit (affected or unaffected) will require a
modification request (including proper notification of new adjoining landowners and the
local government, as well as the appropriate modification processing fee). New
disturbances within the permitted area requiring new sediment and/or erosion control
measures will also require a modification to the mining permit.
4) An updated mine map must be submitted for the site delineating the sizes and locations of
all existing and proposed features of the mining operation, including sediment and erosion
control measures. Typical construction details must be submitted for each sediment and
erosion contro# measure, existing or proposed (although supporting design calculations for
existing measures is not required). Again, if additional land areas are proposed, a
modification request must be submitted, including the appropriate processing fee. In
addition, the mine map must clearly indicate the size and location of the additional land
and include the locations of all new adjoining landowners, the sediment and erosion
control measures for the new acreage, and the other relevant items listed under Section B.
- Maps of the application form. The permittee will be required to complete the notification
section of the application if land is to be added to the permit. Lastly, any proposed
sediment and erosion control measures must be accompanied by supporting design
caiculations.
The original of the following item is required:
5) The performance (reclamation) bond must be evaluated to ensure that it is sufficient to
cover all proposed mining -related activities at the site for the renewal period.
All mining permits for unreclaimed sites must be renewed. If your.mine site has been inactive and
sufficiently reclaimed (meets the reclamation conditions of our mining permit), please contact the Land
Quality Section Re Tonal Office serving your area to schedule an inspection for a full or partial release
of area covered by he mining permit and reclamation bond.
For more information, contact the Land Quality Section Regional Office serving your area or the
Central Office at [phone].

MINING PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW
PROCESS FLOWCHART
BEGINNING OF PROCESS
Application received by Land Quality Section/
State Mining Specialist
Application assigned to
Assistant State Mining Specialist
Assistant State Mining Specialist/Program Secretary
routes application for review and comment
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
- N. C. Geological Survey
- Wfidlife Resources Commission
- Division of Water Resources
- Division of Archives & History
- Division of Parks & Recreation
- Others as appropriate
* All application review comments forwarded to
Assistant State Mining Specialist
Is application complete?
If "YES", Assistant State Mining
Specialist drafts the proposed
permit action
Applicant issues
Public Notice
- Land Quality Section Regional Office
- Division of Air Quality
- Division of Water Quality
: Review Public Comments;
Public Hearing Possible
If "NO", Assistant State Mining
Specialist drafts a letter requesting
additional information from applicant
Additional information from
applicant received and routed
to/reviewed by Assistant State Mining
Specialist and Land Quality Section
Regional Office
(L7o to*)

Application & proposed permit action
reviewed by State Mining Specialist
Is application &
proposed permit action
complete/acceptable??
If "Yes", the following permit actions
are issued by the State Mining Specialist:
- Draft Permits
- Permit Transfers/Name Changes
- Bond Substitutions
- Permit Releases
END OF PROCESS
If "YES", application & proposed
permit action forwarded to and
reviewed by Division Director
Is application &
proposed permit action
complete/acceptable??
If "YES", the proposed permit action is
issued by the Division Director
If "No", application & proposed
permit action returned to Assistant
State Mining Specialist for revision
(go to *)
For other permit actions, if "Yes",
application & proposed permit action
forwarded to and reviewed by Land
Quality Section Chief
Is application &
proposed permit action
complete/ acceptable??
If "NO", application & proposed permit
action returned to State Mining Specialist/
Assistant State Mining Specialist for revision
(go to *)
If "NO", application & proposed permit
action returned to Section Chief/State Mining
Specialist for revision
(go to * )
END OF PROCESS

NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
AND NATURAL RESOURCES
LAND QUALITY SECTION
APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
(PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE)
1. Name of Mine J c e (re-91 Ouavrq L LC County F-qde-e
River Basi a Latitude (dd.mm.ss ' 89 Longitude (dd.mrn.ss) A&7.77yew
'i��_
2. Name of Applicant*--ste'd i?cna,
Permanent address for receipt of official mail** 9 31
Telephone V 9! 0 - Z - 5 ZZ 3 - _ --
4. Mine Office Address Sa.w e. a r_ a bye- -
Telephone
5. Mine Manager Sinpe�e�a bova.i. a -_-- VP iOde✓aZaonS
We hereby certify that all details contained in this Permit Application are true and correct to the best of our
knowledge. We fully understand that any willful misrepresentation of facts will be cause for permit
revocation.
Date c.o t�P ✓ .Z✓l ,7,Qo 5-
Print
Title ou�> Ke V-
This will be the name that the mining permit will be issued to and the name that must be indicated on the
reclamation -bond (security) that corresponds to this site.
** The Land Quality Section must be notified of any changes in the permanent address or telephone number.
*** Signature of company officer required.
G.S. 74-51 provides that the Department 'shall grant or deny an application for a permit within 60 days of receipt of a
complete application or, if a public hearing is held, within 30 days following the hearing and the filing of any
supplemental information required by the Department. All questions must be addressed and all required maps
provided before this application can be considered complete. Attach additional sheets as needed.
-1-

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,•, ,

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
a -NOTE: All of the following questions must be thoroughly answered with regards to your mining
operation for the intended life of the mine. All responses must be clearly conveyed on a corresponding,
detailed mine map.
A. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MINE
Answer all of the following that apply:
1. a. If this is an application for a NEW'pennit, indicate the total acreage at the site to be covered by the
permit (this is the acreage that the "new permit" fee will be based upon):�9
Of this acreage, how much is owned and how much is leased? Acres owned: 9 R' Acres
leased: Property owner if leased:
b. if this is an application for RENEWAL of a mining permit, indicate the mining permit number and
the total (overall) acreage covered by the existing permit: Mining Permit No.: Total
permitted acreage (this is the acreage that the "renewal" fee will be based upon):
c. If this is an application for a MODIFICATION to a mining permit, indicate the training permit
number and the total (overall) acreage covered by the existing permit: Mining Permit
No.: Total permitted acreage:
Does the modification involve acreage within the previously approved permitted boundary?
)'es_ No_. If yes, indicate the acreage to be covered by this modification (this is the acreage that
the "major modification" fee will be based upon):
Does the modification involve acreage outside the previously approved permitted boundary?
Yes No . If yes, indicate the additional acreage to be covered by this
modification: (NOTE: you must complete all of Section F. of this application form
entitled Notification of Adjoining Landowners).
Of this acreage to be added to the permit, will any portion of this acreage be affected (disturbed,
ground cover removed) by the mining operation? Yes No (if no, a "minor
modification" fee of $50.00 is required, despite the "undisturbed" acreage to be added). If yes,
indicate the acreage to be affected within the acreage to be added to the permit (the total acreage to
be added to the permit is the acreage that the "major modification" fee will be based upon):
d. If this is an application for TRANSFER of a mining permit, indicate the training permit number and
the total (overall) acreage covered by the existing permit: Mining Permit No.:
Total permitted acreage:
w SEETHE FEE SCHEDULE AT THE END OF THIS FORM FOR THE PROPER FEE AMOUNT TO
BE PAID FOR THE REQUESTED PERMIT ACTION(S) AND CORRESPONDING ACREAGE NOTED
ABOVE
2. Name of all materials mined: 1 Me 15" h e. f1aY I . `-
3. Mining method: Hydraulic Dredge Front-end Loader & Truck_ Shovel &Truck
Dragline & Truck Self -loading Scraper Oilier (explain)
-2-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
l
4. a. Expected maximum depth of mine (feet)O
Depth is relative to what benchmark? (e.g., natural
evel, mean sea level, road elevation, etc.)
b. Expected average depth of mine (feet) . 157A /
5. Has any area(s) at this site been mined in the past? Yes No-_
If yes, when and by whom was this activity conducted?
6. Number of years for which the permit is requested (10 years maximum): i0 +/ea.,rs
B. MAPS
1. Clearly mark and label the location of your mining operation on six (6)-copies of a 7.5 minute quadrangle
and a county highway map. These maps, in addition to six (6) copies of all mine maps and reclamation
maps, must be submitted with each permit application.
- 7.5 minute quadrangles may be obtained from:
N.C. Geological Survey
N CD ENR
1612 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612
[phone]
- County highway maps may be obtained from:
Location Department
State Highway Commission
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
[phone]
-3-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
2. Mine maps must be accurate and appropriately scaled drawings, aerial photographs or enlarged
topographic maps of the entire mine site. All aspects of the mine site must be clearly labeled on the
maps along with their corresponding (approximate) acreage. As a reminder, mining permits can
only be issued for up to 10 years; thus, all mine and reclamation maps must only denote those
activities that are intended to be conducted during the life of the mining permit. All maps must be
of a scale sufficient (see minimum requirements listed below) to clearly illustrate the following, at a
minimum:
a. Property lines of the tract or tracts of land on which the proposed mining activity is to be located
including easements and rights -of -way.
b. Existing or proposed permit boundaries.
c. Initial and ultimate limits of clearing and grading.
d. Outline and width of all buffer zones (both undisturbed and unexcavated).
e. Outline and acreage of all pits/excavations.
f. Outline and acreage of all stockpile areas.
g. Outline and acreage of all temporary and/or permanent overburden disposal areas.
h. Location and acreage of all processing plants (processing plants maybe described as to location and
distance from mine if sufficiently far removed).
i. Locations and names of all streams, rivers and lakes.
j. Outline and acreage of all settling and/or processing wastewater ponds.
k. Location and acreage of all planned and existing access roads and on -site haul roads.
1. Location of planned and existing on -site buildings.
m. Location and dimensions of all proposed sediment and erosion control measures.
n. Location of I00-year floodplain limits and wetland boundaries.
o. Names of owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the ruining
permit boundary; if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of
the mine tract, names of owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts, that are within 1,000 feet of
the mining permit boundary, must be provided on the mine map.
p. Names of owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary which lie directly across and are contiguous to any highway; creek, stream, river, or
other watercourse; railroad track; or utility or other public right-of-way; if an adjoining tract is
owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract, names of owners of
record of tracts adjoining these tracts, that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary, must
be provided on the mine map(s). NOTE: "Highway" means a road that has four lanes of travel or
less and is not designated as an Interstate Highway.
q. Map legend:
l . Name of applicant szepievc-
2. Name of mine
3. North arrow
4. County
5. Scale
G. Symbols used and corresponding names
7. Date prepared and revised
8. Name and title of person preparing map
Map scales should meet the following guidelines:
PERMITTED ACREAGE MAP SCALE
0-99 Acres I inch = 50 feet
I00-499 Acres l inch = 100 feet
500+ Acres I inch = 200 feet
(NOTE: Smaller scaled maps may be acceptable if they clearly illustrate the above items)
-4-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
A table/chart must be provided on the mine map that clearly lists the approximate acreage of tailings/sediment
ponds, stockpiles, wastepiles, processing area/haul roads, mine excavation and any other major aspect of the
mining operation that is proposed to be affected/disturbed during the life of the mining permit. A table/chart
similar to the following will be acceptable:
CATEGORY
AFFECTED ACREAGE
Tailings/Sediment Ponds
C
Stockpiles
Wi 11 be ma
yx d eee r 9 -10
Wastepiles
Processing Area/Haul Roads
W, /� v y�
C20s
Mine Excavation
z Z, g
eo ja
Other "V%/G �' a.rn�
1 S 7- q 6 -1a
s.
NOTE: IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE, THE MAPS MUST ALSO. INCLUDE ANY SITE -SPECIFIC
INFORMATION THAT IS PROVIDED IN THE ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN
THIS APPLICATION FORM (PLEASE NOTE THE ITALICIZED QUESTIONS/STATEMENTS
THROUGHOUT THE FORM). THIS APPLICATION WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED COMPLETE
WITHOUT ALL RELEVANT ITEMS BEING ADEQUATELY ADDRESSED ON THE MINE MAPS.
--5-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
C. PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
1. Describe in detail the sequence of events for the development and operation of the mine andreference the
sequence too the mine map(s). Attach additional sheets as needed. 5 ¢ ,t f fa c ecci
)4,,nt A E' L+.4. ) Nvelo F!m.,e„ -t P(dnA- t 11.1Ad 'it,. .n r%,,A170bevS 3►Q,lor�Il.
2. Describe specific erosion control measures to be installed prior to land disturbing activities and during
mining to prevent offsite sedimentation (include specif c plans for sediment and erosion control for mine
excavation(s), waste piles, access/mine roads and process areas), and give a detailed sequence of installation
and schedule for maintenance of the measures. Locate and label all sediment and erosion control measures
on the mine maps) and provide typical cross-sections/construction details of each measure. Engineering
designs and calculations shall be required when needed to justify -the adequacy of any proposed measures.,
n Se 14, 9. P Gj/� eeX',e✓ avea d,te6Qd
oCYd4w o Sun. n a Ve,e— /BGcilzGel .5,n 1uc2Ve F/u-Vk%
Sadr t F-,leo, r"L s;// be msad e,� ZQ1i be 11M CP/ a P-ex9
an't" ( 5eade.l 2vaa s pv'•v, dte. �i root (�-
3. a. Will the operation involve washing the material mined, recycling process water, or other waste water
handling? YesX_ No . If yes, briefly describe all such processes including any chemicals to be
used. .Simzll wast poy+ks 4,-9a6 avrt elesact "///
$e, 145-001 .0t wasp, pl L , 7-Ce9 w)ll -r-o✓-e a4 ea.c-K PgRse
bP emIY�t,114 16 4ce-7ntoleeeof
b. Will the operation involve discharging fres4or waste water from the mine or plant as a point discharge to
the waters of the State? Yes No < . If yes, brie,7y describe the nature of the discharge and
locate all proposed discharge points (along with their method of stabilization) on your mine map(s).

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
Will any part of the proposed mine excavation(s) extend below the water table?
YesNo . If yes, do you intend to dewater the excavation(s)? Yes_
No . If yes, what impact, if any, will mine dewatering have on neighboring wells?
Estimated withdrawal rate in gallons per day: Soa;oo o . Locate all existing wells on the urine
maps) that lie within 500 feet of the proposed excavation area. Provide data to support any
conclusions or statements made, including any monitoring well data, well construction data and.
current water withdrawal rates. Indicate whether the proposed mine locale is served by a ublic
water system or private wells. prry &tom wells aVR yto t t'ocdt-'0/ w i &J�
rrltii�e aIr fluaV, vpera��o,�5. kImrif CoYtn�
a.(d J,eDc ,To o vI a a r(ry $'� i` ,o-
d. If you answered yes to any of the above questions, provide evidence that you have applied for or
obtained the appropriate water duality permit(s) (i.e., non -discharge, NPDES, Stortnwater, etc.)
from the Division of Water Quality, Water Quality Section. In addition, the applicant is required to
register water use with the Division of Water Resources if the operation withdraws more than
100,000 gallons per day and needs a capacity use permit from the Division of Water Resources if
the operation lies in a capacity use area and withdraws more than I00,000 gallons per day.
re p e s -(s a h d ' n_Q-e' �
wlr-g local tvafev' fuaa1',t� lv�speQ�drrs Rage r
Co�Ple�e�-
4. a. Will the operation involve crushing or any other air contaminant emissions?
Yes No If yes, indicate evidence that you have applied for or obtained an air
quality permit issued by the Division of Air Quality or local governing body.
p e -V'7-t1 6- 4 a s b Qe- L a plo
� ✓ wi � Ct vv1 r v► � �n� P e r�r� � d s9p� /r ca.��a `r
b. How will dust from stockpiles, haul roads, etc., be controlled? Lia &r atirlzpt
Su r ' , G n a -"'Es i �` �� e � sa v w : /% fig a�'1° li P� 2,1 (
Yn 7 r1 �1
h &4A A o.1 d S G: r u 5 !c a fa 1�0 171 e,n "G
and try-Y►-s Ke ✓ poz,-6_-9 c:. �C' con ✓Iov5
-7-
a S h e -ed P�

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
5. a. A buffer will be required between any ruining activity and any mining permit boundary or right-of-
way. It may be an unexcavated buffer (no excavation, but roadways, .berms and erosion &
sedimentation control measures may be installed within it), an undisturbed buffer (no disturbance
within the buffer whatsoever), or a combination of the two, depending upon the site conditions. Note
that all buffers must be located within the mining permit boundaries.
How wide a buffer will be maintained between any mining activity and any raining permit boundary
or right-of-way at this site? -A minimum buffer of 25 feet is recommended, although a wider buffer
may be needed depending on site conditions. Show all buffer locations and widths on the mine
map(s). SQ�e- D p ✓a �m p..r, -� �ta�„ 5'a ' b u rovOly s Lo-7
�G l tS¢of t"� y Pt/Irn+S✓ a/ :C"4-
b. A minimum 50 foot wide undisturbed buffer will be required between any land disturbing activities
within the mining permit boundaries and any natural watercourses and wetlands unless smaller
undisturbed buffers can be justified. Depending on site conditions, a buffer wider than 50 feet may
be needed.
How wide an undisturbed buffer will be maintained between any land disturbing activities within the
mining permit boundaries and any natural watercourses and wetlands at this site? Show all buffer
locations and widths on the minemap(s). S'&.0 Dove j1�;7"e ve-f (Pfa ri ance
n
11-0 ' b k fre Y, VAV Kli-o yr vc w-2 G�"Fr n� ce Ssa VY I
U
w/fCL a SPreaiF 1Ueccss -y L�� w.ainf-��v� w-e.lard.
6. a. Describe methods to prevent landslide or slope instability adjacent to adjoining permit boundaries
during mining. Minimum 2 horizontal to 1 vertical slopes or flatter for clayey material and
minimum 3 horizontal to 1 vertical slopes or flatter for sandy material are generally required, unless
technical justification can be provided to allow steeper slopes. YetQ jCPynQ,0
(o a, 3 'to I -e- a r•e,
der ZC4eof. 7rT2L 1 �� error wilt de�na-�� w�%a�
W:te

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
b. Provide a cross-section on the mine map(s) for all fill slopes (berms, wastepiles, overburden
disposal areas, etc.), clearly indicating the intended side slope gradient, installation of any benches
andlor slope drains (with supporting design information) if needed, and the method of final
stabilization. l �ri
Se E. b e �✓¢ [e,p�rr+ a -✓','t� f
c. In excavation(s) of unconsolidated (non -rock) materials, specify the angle of all cut slopes including
specifications for benching and sloping. Cross -sections for all cut slopes must be provided on the
minemap(s). Se_e De✓e P{XK_,
d. In hardrock excavations, specify proposed bench widths and heights in feet. Provide cross -sections
of the mine excavation clearly noting the angles of the cut slopes, widths of all safety benches and
mine benches, and the expected maximum depth of the excavation_ 90 tj C_ k f S C-o" l'
r J1
b e r- m.l A r W -m rn (f I q "C to a /(o W �mY
v� �,'It►,hg .
7. Describe other methods to be taken during mining to prevent physical hazard to any neighboring dwelling
house, public road, public, commercial or industrial building from any mine excavation. Locate all such
structures on the mine map if they are within 300 feet of any proposed excavation_
NlA
8. Describe what kind of barricade will be used to prevent inadvertent public access along any high wall area
and when it will be implemented. Vegetated earthen berms; appropriate fencing and adequate boulder
barriers may be acceptable high wall barricades. A construction detaillcross-section and location of each
type of barricade to be used must be indicated on the mine map(s). S,2 Q Pa8 e 3 a ic'
t t h[ n� Pla n.. f] I� r-o d S w Y, ►-,� �,,,�, �.� a l( Fa e s a nr� o r
a�'��� oiz-n✓camas are-1S w;1( b� bQ�••ed to a �ie�yl OF
o�
6-0o f r d.Y e g u rr? cifl�2�n e` Y F o .n a p) v p1 ec�
Y6fe em
W;I( asm d�ev �e C�s��Yylc�c�� ,bc�Y� ie r h:a rrrm s d�
m a-te a Ccd r d a.,� �yyQ W 30
oY �I10f_PCj1Z /%s Soo+ as Sin�'ix�t el•1�

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
Are acid producing minerals or soils present? Yes No _ x How will acid water
pollution from the excavation, stockpiles and waste areas be controlled?
10, a. Describe specific plans (including a schedule of implementation) for screening the operation from
public view such as maintaining or planting trees, bushes or other vegetation, building berms or other
measures. Show the location of all visual screening on the mine map(s) and provide cross -sections
through all proposed berms or proposed spacing, sizes and species for tree plantings.
Se-e. D'eve-lop fine•At P12--wi, .
b. Could the operation have a significantly adverse effect on the purposes of a publicly owned park,
forest or recreation area? If so, how will such effects (i.e., noise, visibility, etc.) be mitigated?
11. Will explosives be used? Yes X No . If yes, specify the types of explosive(s) and
describe what precaution(s) will be used to prevent physical hazard to persons or neighboring property
from flying rocks or excessive air blasts or ground vibrations. Depending on the mine's location to nearby
structures, more detailed technical information may be required on the blasting program (such as a third -
party blasting study). Locate the nearest offsite occupied structure(s) to theproposed excavation(s) on the
mine map and indicate its approximate distance to the proposed excavation. RNS�i v1 �ow f V
4yDe)) w r%l be, a S_ed, =-t I's a C�-rr�b�natl4 re
0- Pro 'IJe J t4m n0ni14,-r+_ /►�iv� �e . 9!f .fir eZ s WO to e-
aiQg me 6C lib p 111t- .1=a
A �i ro riel dt bra tam► W r j be, 5el ski c �d�rt i�►'o ✓poi . Tlie n��'�5�
arcyleel !Awle, 1S Qag mr
12. Will fuel tanks, solvents, or other chemical reagents be stored on -site? Yes No
If -yes, describe these materials, how they will be stored and method of containment in case ofspill. Indicate
*the location(s) of all storage facilities on the mine map(s). >��es� % re/ will be .51oreW
t'w a. io,aoV vI(W-r, -�aM ,t S9•-of P(0.tv44-01 5e�' ,c.,ti a ce,-ncye-'e
Fldo v r-e. ha; /z� �'o Coln 6a t-v\ a�nc 1 5 p; All
-.W►�1 be ioGa.-f.�o� bas�ele •6 e amain �-�e97a," 6u./dL►.,�
Fvu Kc� .n t 'DeVefOplMa,11-6
,�l iso1 4(e 100Y-Z�a b•l e
q eve G/ d -to yr will ll have a S00
�Ce pv r16a 1PIR p 4V LA) le Pl y.

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
D. RECLAMATION PLAN
Describe your intended plan for the final reclamation and subsequent use of all affected lands and indicate
the sequence and general methods to be used in reclaiming this land. This must include the method of
reclamation of settling ponds and/or sediment control basins and the method of restoration or establishment
of any permanent drainage channels to a condition minimizing erosion, siltation and other pollution. This
information must be illustrated on a reclamation map and must correspond directly with the information
provided on the mine map(s). In addition, design information, including typical cross -sections, of any
permanent channels to be constructed as part of the reclamation plan and the location(s) ofall permanent
channels must be indicated on the reclamation map. S2 Q. DQ,/2 (eplr"G-I.t
AJl was � pod-5 �� ll 6� r�lo�ei Pe� a S Mwteyt rp z�Ps '�
G'o-mpl,-64,1. fq// uwas �ma��✓!mil w r !l bg ol'e�,msiZ'c i e n
>aj— 5ua yr Elba r a s &A i4e✓/a,( ACCuemu/ads_
2. Is an excavated or impounded body of water to be left as a part of the reclamation? Yes _X- No
If yes, illustrate the location of the body(s) of water on the reclamation map 'and provide a scaled
cross -sections) through the proposed body(s) of water_ The minimum water depth must be at least 4 feet,
measured from the normal low water table elevation, unless information is provided to indicate that a more
shallow water body will be productive and beneficial at this site. Will the body(s) of water be stocked with
fish? Yes _--No If yes, specify species.a
v► u,nt bx y S 7, 9` 1D; �' / I d F -Cab le 0 �'
�t^trrn CtR,Ar15Ii , ,aNd bass h-e S�ocge�
Describe provisions for safety to persons and to adjoining property in all completed excavations in rock -
including what kind of permanent barricade will be left. Acceptable permanent barricades are appropriate
fencing, large boulders placed end -to -end, etc. Construction details and locations of all permanent
barricades must be shown on the reclamation map_ -:raoZ De✓�%P,rM,a+�E �l�rt, ,
60 a k e s a�)C-be >m ; h ; r �a rrrrpl e-� '-J b .e
CAL q �2 ad C�, i
O 1
-11-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
4. Indicate the method(s) of reclamation of overburden, refuse, spoil banks or other such on -site mine waste
areas, inciuding specifications for benching and sloping. Final cross -sections and locationsforsuch areas
must be provided on the reclamation map. 5 QQ De tie fo pm� -t I (a—, . B
o rn H'v 1r'c �rv1 a� +n.�v. a f'��,r rr► yr� w, G! aL
6 e 62 l o g .es
, bk tf ( ©L r , 0
5. a. Describe reclamation of processing facilities, stockpile areas, and on -site roadways.
ljaP l�e,Ee1oP..r�-� Pla.r��
b. Will any on -site roadways be left as part of the reclamation? Yes K No . If yes,
identify such roadways on the reclamation ma andprovide details on permanent ditch line stabilization_
� nol w i l� a;`,n e nt ra•na e � M I V) Q w i 11 6�e ha rd -urn cej
to boat docG. a_.qd .pa,VA a►V-ea ned�r-
+^n a i vl. pi 2, t � a,,d . Saz ge o2 ( a P'm ,-t P l art, ,
6. Describe the method of control of contaminants and disposal of scrap metal, junk machinery, cables, or other
such waste products of mining_ (Note definition of refuse in The Mining Act of 1971). No oT-site
V_enerated waste shall be disposed of on the mine site without prior written approval from the NC
Department of Envirohment and Natural Resources, Land Quality Section and either the Division of
Waste Management (DWM) or local governing body. If a disposal permit has been issued by DWM
for the site, a copy of said permit must be attached to this application. All temporary and permanent
refuse disposal areas must be clearly delineated on the mine map(s) and reclamation map, along with a list
of items to be disposed in said areas. All
o F i-g-e '
�'[ nn i ,� ► v,
b e Rre) � 5 r%o 6 r lie-a-,�.d a r a b l e. ew e rm 1 n
ceases 4/1 e ut „ne,,,-f_ Will hie re7no>/�
Se P N ve- I 0101�0-),j -1� Pig .
-12-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
7. Describe your plan for revegetation or other surface treatment of the affected areas. This plan must
include recommendations for year-round seeding, including the time of seeding and the amount and type
of seed, fertilizer, lime and mulch per acre. The recommendations must include general seeding
instructions for permanent revegetation and, if necessary, temporary revegetation. Revegetation utilizing
only tree plantings is not acceptable. Recommendations can be sought from:
a. Authorized representatives of the local Soil and Water Conservation District;
b. Authorized representatives of the Division of Forest Resources, Department of Environment and
Natural Resources;
c_ Authorized county representatives of the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, specialists
and research faculty with the Colleges of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Forest Resources at
North Carolina State University;
d. North Carolina licensed landscape architects;
e. Private consulting foresters referred by the Division of Forest Resources, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources;
f. N.C. Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Manual;
g. N.C. Surface Mining Manual: A Guide for Permitting, Operation and Reclamation;
h. Others as may be approved by the Department.
LIME - RATE OF APPLICATION (tons/acre): I ic. t la c ve-
FERTILIZER - ANALYSIS AND RATE OF APPLICATION (pounds/acre): Soo Ib5'1aer,e
SEED - TYPE (S) AND RATE (S) OF APPLICATION INCLUDING YEAR-ROUND SEEDING
SCHEDULE (pounds/acre): [NOTE: Include Legumes]
Seed TN,pes: Seeding Dates: Seedier Rates:
c Apr; i -- 1A I a �vo 0
?Lyle S Sad w►ff $-e U S-2o/_ covev'ew ago
111660 4lae, �ra,n -4;trC-Lw w,eA ha.{f r" a-►� S fo�eg .z.,� a S AlPz:e- �a I
MULCH - TYPE AND RATE OF APPLICATION (pounZacre) AND METHOD OF ANCHORING.
g000 -#�Acrr_ a raa4;". w "e Fi n e irr�
OTHER VEGETATIVE COVERS — TYPE (S) AND RATE (S) OF APPLICA"PION INCLUDING
SEEDING SCHEDULE (pounds/acre, trees/acre, spacing of trees/shrubs, etc):
haf,tl�e Po-ya- will hip -?dalel to hq,,Ilrw y,,Ze5 afhe,r
k P U .S e s R rye ear,st crc-��- U
Revegetation and/or reforestation plan approved by:
Signature —
Print Name
Title
Agency
-13-
Date

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
E. DETERMINATION OF AFFECTED ACREAGE AND BOND
The following bond calculation worksheet is to be used to establish an appropriate bond (based upon a range
of S500 to $S, 000 per affected acre) for each permitted mine site based upon the acreage approved by the
Departm en to be affected during the life of the mining permit. Please insert the approximate acreages or each
as ect o the mining operation, that Vou intend to affect durinjz the li e o this mining permit Lin addition please
insert the appropriate reclamation cost/acre for each cate o rom the Schedule o Reclamation Costs
provided with this applicationform) OR you can defer to the Department to calculate your bond for ou based
upon your maps and standard reclamation costs:
AFFECTED RECLAMATION RECLAMATION
CATEGORY ACREAGE COST/ACRE* COST
Tailings/Sediment Ponds:
Ac.
X
$
/Ac. _ $
Stockpiles:
Ac.
X
$
/Ac. = S
Wastepiles:
Ac.
X
$
/Ac. _ $
Processing.Area/Haul Roads:
Ac."
X
$
/Ac. — $
Mine Excavation:
Ac.
X
$
/Ac. _ $
Other:
Ac_
X
$
/Ac. _ $
TOTAL AFFECTED AC.: Ac.
(TOTAL PERMITTED AC.: Ac.) f y L"
Temporary & Permanent Sedimentation & Erosion Control Measures:
Divide the TOTAL AFFECTED AC. above into the following two categories: a) affected acres that drain into
proposed/existing excavation and/or b) affected acres that will be graded for positive drainage where measures will
be needed to prevent offsite sedimentation and sedimentation'to onsite watercourses and wetlands.
a) Internal Drainage Ac.
b) Positive Drainage Ac. X $1,500.00 = $
SUBTOTAL COST: S
Inflation Factor:
0.02 X SUBTOTAL COST: $ X Permit Life (1 to 10 years):
INFLATION COST: $
TOTAL COST = SUBTOTAL COST + INFLATION COST = $
Total Reclamation Bond; Cost: S
(round down to the nearest $100.00)
-14-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
F. NOTIFICATION OF ADJOINING LANDOWNERS
The "Notice" form, or a facsimile thereof, attached to this application must be sent certified or registered mail
to:
(1) the -chief administrative officer of each county and municipality in which any part of the permitted
area is located as indicated on the mine map(s);
(2) all owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary; if an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor
of the mine tract, all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified (that are
within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary) as indicated on the mine map(s); and
(3) all owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining
permit boundary which lie directly across and is contiguous to any highway; creek, stream, river,
or other watercourse; railroad track; or utility or other public right-of-way; if an adjoining tract is
owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract, all owners of record of
tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified (that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit
boundary) as indicated on the mine map(s). "Highway" means a road that has four lanes of travel
or less and is not designated as an Interstate Highway.
The only exception to the above method of giving notice is if another means of notice is approved in advance by
the Director, Division of Land Resources.
A copy of a tax map (or other alternative acceptable to the Department) must be mailed with the completed
"Notice" form (the proposed overall permit boundaries and the names and locations of all owners of
record of lands adjoining said boundaries must be clearly denoted on the tax map)_
The "Affidavit of Not]fication" attached to this application must be completed, notarized and submitted to the
Department, with the remainder of the completed application form, before the application will be considered
complete.
s4ze 3 5�e-JI Se_ PO r em�Z�
�1C�TE= THIS SECTION MUST BE COMPLETED FOR ALL APPLICATIONS FOR NEW MINING
PERMITS AND ALL MODIFICATIONS OF MINING PERMIT TO ADD LAND TO THE
PERMITTED AREA, AS REQUIRED BY NCGS 74-SO(b1).
s SEE THE NEXT TWO PAGES FOR THE "NOTICE" FORM AND THE "AFFIDAVIT OF
NOTIFICATION"
-15-

NOTICE
Pursuant to provisions G.S. 74-50(bl) of The Mining Act of 1971, Notice is hereby given that
has applied on
(Applicant Name)
(Date)
to the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources, North Carolina Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612, for (check one):
(a) a new surface mining permit ❑
(b) a modification of an existing surface mining permit to add land to the permitted area ❑
The applicant proposes to mine on acres located
(Mineral, Ore) (Number) (Miles)
(Direction)
in
of off/near road
(Nearest Town)
County.
(Number/Name)
*SEE ATTACHED MAP FOR PROPOSED PERMIT BOUNDARIES AND CORRESPONDING
ADJOINING LANDOWNER NAMES AND LOCATIONS*
In accordance with G.S. 74-50(b1), the mine operator is required to make a reasonable effort to notifv all
owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining permit boundary; if an
adjoining tract is owned or leased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract, all owners ofrecord of
tracts adjoining these tracts must be notified (that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary). In addition,
the mine operator must also notify the chief administrative officer of the county or municipality in which any part of
the permitted area is located. Any person may file written comment(s) to the Department at the above address
within thirty (30) days of the issuance of this Notice or the filing of the application for a permit, whichever is later.
Should the Department determine that a significant public interest exists relative to G.S. 74-51, a public hearing will
be held within 60 days of the end of the 30-day comment period specified above.
A copy of the permit application materials are on file and available for public review during normal
business hours at the above listed address as well as at the appropriate regional office. For information
re2ardin2 the specifics of the proposed minin2 activity, please contact the annlicant at the foliowint
telephone number; . For information on the mining permit application review process,
please contact the Mining Program staff at 733-4574. Please note that the Department will consider any
relevant written comments/documentation within the provisions of the Mining Act of 1971 throughout the
a lication review rocess until a final decision is made on the a lication.�n
(Addressee/Owner of Rec r 's (Name of Applicant: Include Contact Person
Name and Address) & Company Name, if Applicable)
(Date of Issuance of this Notice/
Mailed to Addressee/Owner of Record)
-16-
(Address of Applicant)

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
AFFIDAVIT OF NOTIFICATION
an applicant, or an agent, or employee of an applicant, for a new Mining
Permit, or a modification of an existing Mining Permit to add land to the permitted area, from the N.C. Department
of Environment and Natural Resources, being first duly sworn, do hereby attest that the following are all known
owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land that are adjoining the mining permit boundary
(including, where an adjoining tract is owned or Ieased by the applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract,
all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts, that are within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary) and
that notice of the pending application has been caused to be mailed, by certified or registered mail, to said owners of
record at their addresses shown below, such notice being given on a form provided by the Department:
(Adjoining Landowner Name) (Address)
(Attach additional list if necessary)
I do also attest that the following individual is the chief administrative officer of the county or municipality in
which any part of the permitted area is located and that notice of the pending application has been caused to be
mailed, by certified or registered mail, to said office at the following address:
(Chief Administrative Officer Name) (Address)
[City Manager, County Manager, Mayor, etc.), p� SuZ�� (�x� PZP✓ S�af
Ie.,de✓ C"4n4Y PAR xn%ng 8,r¢cEor
The above attestation was made by me while under oath to provide proof satisfactory to the Department that a
reasonable effort has been made to notify all known owners of record, both public and private, of all tracts of land
that are adjoining the mining permit boundary (including, where an adjoining tract is owned or leased by the
applicant or is owned by the lessor of the mine tract, all owners of record of tracts adjoining these tracts, that are
within 1,000 feet of the mining permit boundary) and the chief administrative officer of the county or municipality in
which any part of the permitted area is located in compliance with N.C.G.S. 74-50(b 1) and 15A NCAC 5B .0004(d).
I understand that it is the responsibility of the applicant to retain the receipts of mailing showing that the above
notices were caused to be mailed and to provide them to the Department upon request.
ignature of Applicant or Agent
Date
If person executing Affidavit is an agent or employee of an applicant, provide the following infonnation:
(Name of applicant) (title of person executing Affidavit)
I,
a Notary Public of the County of
of North Carolina, do hereby certify that
appeared before me this day and under oath acknowledged that the above Affidavit was made by him/her.
Witness my hand and notarial seal, this day of 20.
Notary: My Commission expires:
State
-17-

APPLICATION FOR A MINING PERMIT
G. LAND ENTRY AGREEMENT
We hereby grant to the Department or its appointed representatives the right of entry and travel upon our lands
or operation during regular business hours for the purpose of making necessary field inspections or investigations as
may be reasonably required in the administration of the Mining Act of 1971.
We further grant to the Department or its appointed representatives the right to make whatever entries on the
land as may be reasonably necessary and to take whatever actions as may be reasonably necessary in order to carry
out reclamation which the operator has failed to complete in the event a bond forfeiture is ordered pursuant to G.S.
74-59,
LANDOWNER: APPLICANT:
Signature: Signature:*
Print Name: �eoytP..,, /(o/fa vJ Print Name: aey\
Address: 31.5 91aA
Telephone: %P — k-q 57413 —
Title: Owner.
Company: J 61ea CI
Mine Name:
*Signature must be the same as the individual who signed Page 1 of this application.
a
Six 6 copies of the completed application, six 6 copies of all location maps, mine maps and reclamation
maps, and the appropriate rocessin fee (see next page for fee schedule) in the forma check or money order
payable to the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources must be sent to the Land
uality Section Central Office at the address listed on the front cover of this application form.
Inquiries regarding the status of the review of this application should be directed to the Mining Program staff at
[phone].
-18-

MINING
A nonrefundable permit application processing fee when filing for a new mining permit, a major permit modification or a renewal
permit is required as follows:
TYPE
ACRES
NEW
MAJOR
PERMIT
MODIFICATION
RENEWAL
Clay
I but less than 25
$500
S250
$250
25 but less than 50
1000
500
500
50 or more
1500
500
500
Sand & Gravel,
I but less than 5
150
100
100
Gemstone, and
Barrow Pits
5 but less than 25
250
100
100
25 but less than 50
500
250
500
50 or more
1000
500
500
Quarry, Industrial
Minerals,
I but less than 10
250
100
100
Dimension Stone
10 but less than 25
1000
250
500
25 but less than 50
1500
500
500
50 or more
2500
500
500
Peat & Phosphate
1 or more
2500
500
500
Gold (Heap
Leach), Titanium
& Others
1 or more
2500
500
500
A nonrefundable $50.00 permit application processing fee is required for minor permit modifications. Minor permit modifications include ownership transfers, name
changes, bond substitutions and permit renewals where the mine is inactive and fully stabilized. A minor permit modification also includes lands added to a
permitted area, outsideof the minimum permit bufferzone requirements, where no plans for mining related dislurbanceoflhe added lands have been approved. All
other changes are considered major modifications.
Acres for'new permits and renewal permits means the total acreage at the site. Acres for major modification of permits means that area of land affected by the
modification within the permitted mine area, or any additional land that is to be disturbed and added to an existing permitted area, or both.
1012000
-19-

LAND QUALITY SECTION HEADQUARTERS
Francis M. Nevils, Jr., P.E.
Section Chief
Land Quality Section
1612 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1612
Shipping Address: Land Quality Section
512 North Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27604
James D. Simons. P.G., P.E. - Chief Engineer
David H. Ward - Sediment Specialist
? - Assistant Sediment Specialist
Tracy E. Davis, P.E. - Mining Specialist
Judy Wehner - Assistant Mining Specialist
-Assistant Mining Specialist
? -Darn Safety Engineer
Tami Dodd, F.I. - Assistant Dam Safety Engineer
James Caldwell, E.I. - Assistant Dam Safety Engineer
Caroline Medlin, E.1.- Sediment Education
Couri
Specialist
Tel ep i
Tabitha Brown - Sediment Education
FAX i
Intern
Greg'
Secretaries
Wendy Sposto - Lead Secretary
Stephanie Lane - Sediment & Dams
Susan Edwards - dining
.4
LAND QUALITY SECTION REGIONAL OFFICES
ASHEVILLE
MOORESVILLE
WINSTON-SALEM
RICHARD PHILLIPS. P.E.
DOUG MILLER, P.E.
MATTHEW GANTT, P.E.
JOHN
Interchange Bldg.
919 North Alain Street
585 Waughtown Street
3800 B:
59 Woodfm Place
Mooresville, NC 28115
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
Raleigh
Asheville, INC 28801
COURIER - 13-I5-01
INTER
COURIER - 12-59-01
COURIER-09-08-06
(336) 7714600
(919) 5'
[phone]
[phone]
FAX # [phone]
FAX #
FAX # [phone]
FAX # [phone]
Alamance Alleghany Ashe
Chatha
Avery Buncombe Burke
Alexander Lincoln
Caswell Davidson Davie
Frankli
Caldwell Cherokee Clay
Caharrus Mecklenburg
Forsyth Guilford Rockingham
Johnstc
Graham Haywood Henderson
Catawba Rowan
Randolph Stokes Surry
Northa
Jackson Macon Aladison
Cleveland Stanly
Watauga Wilkes Yadkin
Vance
McDowell Mitchell Polk
Gaston Union
Warrei
Rutherford Swain Transylvania
Iredell
Yancey
FAYETTE V I LLE
WJ LAIINGTON
W ASHINGTON
WILLIAM (TOBY) VINSON, P.E.
DAN SA,NIS. P.E.
FLOYD WILLIA\1S, P.G.
225 Green Street
127 Cardinal Drive Ext.
943 Washington Square Mail
Suite 714
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
Washington, NC 27889
Fayetteville, NC 28301
COURIER - 16-04.01
COURIER - 14-56-25
COUR 1 ER - 04-16-33
(252) 946-648 ]
14
[phone]
[phone]
FAX [phone]
FAX # [phone]
FAX # [phone]
'
Beaufort Bertie Camden
Anson Montgomery Scotland
Brunswick Ne» Hanover
Chowan Craven Currituck
Bladen Moore
Carteret Onslow
Dare Gates Greene
Cumberland Richmond
Columbus Pender
Hertford Hvde Jones
Harnett Robeson
Duplin
Lenoir Martin Pamlico
Hoke Sampson
Pasquotank Perquimans Pitt
Revis
Tyrrell Washington Wayne

SCHEDULE OF RECLAMATION COSTS10/2000 = applicos.sch.wpd
(Based upon range of $500 - $5,000 per affected acre)
COMMODITY
CODES: SG = Sand and/or Gravel, GS = Gemstone, Borrow
= Borrow/fill
dirt, CS
= Crushed Stone, DS = Dimension Stone, FS = Feldspar, MI = Mica, LI =
Lithium, PF = Pyrophyllite, OL = Olivine, KY = Kyanite/Sillimanite/Andalusite, PH
= Phosphate, CL = Clay/Shale, PE = Peat, AU = Gold, TI = Titanium,
and OT = Other
T)Me
T/S Ponds S.piles W.2iles P.area/H.R.
Mine Excay.
SG, GS,
$500/ac.(L) $1800/ac. $2000/ac. $1800/ac.
$500/ac.(L)
Borrow
1500(FI)
$2000(PD)
CS, DS,
500 (L) 1800 2000 2000
500 (L)
4S, MI,
1500(FI)
2500(PD)
`LI , PF,
CL, KY
`
PH
1000(L) 2500 5000 5000
2000(L)
2500 (FI)
5000 (PD)
CL
1000(L) 2500 5000 5000
2000(L)
2500 (FI)
3700 (PD)
PE, AU,
1000(L) 2500 3000 3500
2000(L)
TI, OT
2500 (FI)
5000 (PD)
(L) = reclamation to a lake and revegetating sideslopes
(FI) = reclamation by filling in and revegetating
(PD) = reclamation by grading for positive drainage & revegetating
AS PER NCAC 15A 5B.0003, IF YOU DISAGREE WITH THE BOND AMOUNT DETERMINED BY THE
BOND CALCULATION WORKSHEET, YOU MAY SUBMIT AN ESTIMATE OF RECLAMATION COSTS FROM
THIRD PARTY CONTRACTOR. SAID ESTIMATE MUST BE PROVIDED WITHIN 30 DAYS TO THE
FOLLOWING ADDRESS: Mining P rogram, Land Quality Section, 1612 Mail Service
Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1612
ALL ESTIMATES MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING, AS A MINIMUM:
- FINAL GRADING COSTS PER ACRE
- LIME AND FERTILIZER COSTS PER ACRE
- YEAR-ROUND SEEDING MIXTURE COSTS PER ACRE (FROM APPROVED REVEGETATION
PLAN IN APPLICATION/PERMIT DOCUMENT)
- MULCH AND ANCHORING COSTS PER ACRE
- ANY OTHER RECLAMATION COSTS NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH THE APPROVED
RECLAMATION PLAN FOR THE SITE IN QUESTION
YOU WILL BE NOTIFIED AS SOON AS POSSIBL E OF THE DIRECTOR'S FINAL BOND
DETERMINATION.
1,000 copies of this public document were printed at a cost of $845.81 or $.85 per copy. 4/2002
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF LAND RESOURCES - LAND QUALITY SECTION
-21-

SHELTER CREEK QUARRY
Wetland and NPDES Permit Narrative
Since the initial conception of the Shelter Creek. Quarry
Mining Plan, protection of the wetland area on the mining property
was always the top priority and consideration for any and all
designs for mineral removal. Consequently, there were many Best
Management Practices (BMPS) incorporated into the mining plan.
As we know, normally most mines have a single collection point
for storm water, with a single discharge point into nearby surface
waters. This plan uses (3) separate ponds for water collection and
final discharge. Also, other significant (BM.P'S) are as follows:
1. Blasting will occur during the initial sinking cut. After
the face is exposed, a large 180,000 lb. excavator will
be used to dig the rock without further blasting if
possible.
2; All exposed land free of overburden will allow water to
be guided and collected in the main sump area.
3. Stored overburden will be encircled with silt fences as
- depicted on the mining plan.
4. At overburden removal areas, silt fences - will be
= provided to prevent runoff onto mineable rock.
5. All storm water will go to (3) separate collection ponds
before discharge by the level spreader. Ponds will be
cleaned before storage capacity is reduced by 50%.
6. Sedimentation. will not leave the mining propertyl
7. Maintenance on equipment will be done by an outside
contractor and all spent fluids will be removed by this
contractor.
8. Bulk fuel will be contained a manner- specified by
Federal and State law.
9. A pond capable of containing a 25 year 24 hour storm
is projected to be built and contain the level spreader.
This water will be able to be monitored for color, foam,

outfall staining, visible sheen and dry weather flow
although it is not required.
10. Analytical monitoring will be conducted at least
quarterly from land disturbance and process areas as
well as for on -site vehicle maintenance at the storm
water discharge outfall. (Pond with level spreader)
11. Any material wash water ponds that are used will be
closed circuited so that the wash water will not leave
the property. See mining plan for pond construction
data.
By using a final large collection pond with a level spreader,
the water is designed to discharge at a uniform slow rate onto mine
property without leaving the property directly to surface waters.
This mining plan allows all discharge water to migrate at a slow
rate to and through a huge wetland of over 100 acres. For every 12
square feet of wetland, 1 gallon of water will be dispersed.
As one peruses the 72.5 acre mining plan that has been
submitted, an initial sinking cut is made once overburden has been
removed. This cut will be 70 feet below the top of the rock layer at
the corner of the entrance road on the western side. This initial
opening will have a 100' x 300'x 20' deep collection point below
the 50' of mineable rock. Thus, all water from the mining
operation is designed to collect in this area for further pumping in
order to keep the pit dry. It is important to understand that this
collection area will have a floating pump station. with a 1400
gallon 'per minute pump that will be located thereon. This pump
will only pump water from the top 12 inches of the stored water,
and will be controlled by mercury switches to run in an automatic
manner during normal climatic conditions. Because the 72.5 acre
mining plan has been reduced dramatically from the original 182
acre plan, it is reasonable to assume that the aquifer that would
have been produced by open pit mining has been dramatically
reduced from a projected 500,000 gallons per day discharge to
250,000 gallons per day. Secondly, the area to be mined to the
-2-

west of the depicted road that separates the mineable area has a 7-9
year quantity of mineable reserves. Once those reserves are mined,
this area will be ready for reclamation, and will remain flooded.
Consequently, after this short period of time, all concerns of
dewatering this acreage can be immediately diminished.
The initial pump station has several unique features that need
to be addressed:
1. This collection point in the quarry allows for solids to
settle for the first time, and also help calm the turbidity.
2. It provides for oxidation while being stored.
3. It is an excellent area to add any chemicals that need to be
added as necessary from information collected at pre -
positioned monitoring wells.
4. Finally, it acts as a large collection area for inclimate
weather storm water, since the pump station can be turned
off, and not be adversely affected because it will be
floating at all times.
Once this water leaves the pit area, it is pumped to a horseshoe
collection pond. This area is large enough to provide the following:
I. Additional settling area is provided for solids.
2. Further oxidation will occur because this pond will be
directly exposed to sunlight and wind. All of this water is
above pit level and at ground level.
3. A floating pump station will be located at this pond also,
and only the top 12 inches will be pumped at any time.
4. It also provides an area for the addition of chemical
additives if necessary before the water is transferred to the
level spreader pond.
Finally, the water from the horse shoe pond is pumped to the
furthest end of the last pond away from the level spreader. This
level spreader has several very unique features:
1. It further allows for more oxidation and settling of any
solids.
-3-

2. Since the open pit pond and horse shoe pond have the
same pump capacity, they can be automatically set to
discharge water every 15 minutes of a given hour. As an
example, when there is 15 minutes of pumping, 21,000
gallons of water will be sent to the final discharge pond
with the level spreader. Thus after a 12 hour period,
250,000+ gallons will have been pumped. The wetlands
would only receive 21,000 'gallons per hour and 45
minutes per hour with no discharge. With this plan, the
wetland will have 45 minutes of lull time for the first 12
hours and. then zero discharge for the next 12 hours. This
is just one example on how the water can be timed through
the automation feature of the pump stations. Ultimately
there will be 1 gallon of water dispersed through 12 square
feet of wetland every 24 hours. There are many scenarios
of pumping time that can be studied and evaluated in order
to find the best combination'.
3. The discharge point of the level spreader is in the
northwestern most part of the wetland and the natural
discharge point of the wetland is in the southeastern most
part of the wetland. Natural elevation changes allow this
water to move form the northwest to the southeast.
4. The level spreader discharges water onto mineable
property and not directly into the wetland!
5. It provides a third point for chemical additives in order to
make minor adjustments if deemed necessary.
6. The level spreader system does not, allow water to be
discharged into any surface water directly.
7. As the water leaves the level spreader, turbidity, solids,
and oxidation issues will have been resolved.
It is � also necessary to discuss the isolated wetlands
surrounding the mineable property. As the cone of depletion
statistics show, there will be a migration of water to the initial
collection pit shown in the mining map. What is also shown, are
-4-

shallow monitoring wells at key isolated wetlands depicted on the
map. At each wetland area, water cannons will be propositioned
that can send water high into the air that can cover a 200' circle in
that particular wetland. Thus a uniform dispersion of water can be
added to the wetland and systematically be monitored by the wells.
A visual inspection from the state and federal personnel will show
that this technique will keep these areas pristine! The horse shoe
pond can provide large quantities of water to the pre -positioned
ponds near the wetlands, and the ponds will always contain enough
water to disperse to the wetlands via their own pumps. The water
cannons will do an excellent job of water dispersion rather than
single point discharge into a ditch or low area.
The western and northern boundaries of the mineable land
bring up additional issues of dewatering. As it was mentioned
earlier, the cone of depletion from the initial quarry pond covers an
1800' area. The western boundary of the mining plan that adjoins
state gamelands is not affected because it is further than 1800'. It is
interesting to note that the gamelands have an average nominal 4
meter elevation. The Shelter Creek Quarry mining property is 1-2
meters higher so there is higher ground in the mineable area. Since
the northwest corner of the mineable property has isolated
wetlands with monitoring wells and ponds with water cannons,
excess water in these areas will tend to migrate by hydrostatic
pressure and elevation to the gameland area. A contour map study
shows wetlands on this gameland property to be several thousand
feet to the south and west of the 72.5 acre mining map. There is no
reasonable concern for this adjoining property since it is not going
to be affected.
The northern boundary of the mine which is separated by
Route 53 has additional gameland owned by the state or designated
by the Nature Conservatory when funds are available to become
state gamelands. Although this property lies in the cone of
depletion, a recent discussion tvith state Biologist Mr. Vick French
concluded that all of the property near the mine site naturally
drains to the west north west or east north east at the present time.
_5_

When the property was first purchased by. Weyerhaeuser, deep
ditches were cut in order to grow trees. These ditches did drain
wetlands, but because they were cut so deep, the land did not
produce good tree growth. Ultimately the property was sold to
International Paper and then to the Nature Conservatory Group.
The large wetland to the north and west of the mineable property is
known as Angola Swamp and is over 8000 feet from the property.
This wetland drains into the North East Cape Fear River. The other
wetlands to the east northeast of the property are found south of the
town of Maple Hill and are over 12,000 feet away.
The cone of depletion will not affect any of these wetlands
and a monitoring well has been proposed to be put onto the
property, if deemed necessary. Also, Shelter Creek Mining will
have millions of yards of overburden, and would be willing to
close off the open ditches nearby that are on the state property in
the 1.800' semicircle found in the cone of depletion. It must be
remembered, that the total 72.5 acres will be mined out in 12-14
years and then becomes 2 large lakes. The cone of depletion will
not be an issue after that time. if a monitoring well is allowed on
the state property as depicted on the map, Shelter Creek Quarry
can take whatever corrective action is deemed necessary to keep
the woodlands pristine.
In summary, the author of this mining plan wishes to invite
the attention of the readers of this plan to the following:
1. The construction of three discharge ponds provides the
necessary wherewithal to maintain adjoining wetlands in a
pristine condition without discharging into any surface
water directly. The level spreader in the final pond will
accomplish this feat!
2. The isolated wetlands will also be maintained in a pristine
fashion by water cannons and ponds.
3. Neighbor's property to the west and north of the mineable
property will not be severely atiected because of the
aforementioned reasons already discussed.
M

4. This mine will he operational for a very limited time,
while still providing up to 15,000,000 tons of needed stone
in a three county area..
5. When the limestone has been removed, this same three
county area will have millions of gallons of drinkable
water for an infinite period of time.
G. There is not a tract of land in Fender County with
-mineable limestone that is more suited for mining than this
72.5 acre tract of land. It is void of human neighbors and it
has a mining plan that will keep adjoining lands and
wetlands pristine and untouched. ' The mining plan has
incorporated qualitative and quantitative measures that
provide safeguards that are not found in similar mines
already located in southeastern North Carolina!
A copy of this narrative has been delivered to Ms. Noelle
Lutheran of the N.C. Water Quality Division in Wilmington,
N.C. for her perusal.
Respectfully submitted,
Stephen Dorenda
-7-

06/07/2006 14:09 9197339612
PAGE 03
SHELTER CREEK QUARRY
Wetland and NPDES Permit Narrative
Since the initial conception of the Shelter ' Creek Quarry
Miming Plan, protection of the wetland area on the mining property
was always the top priority and consideration for -any and all
designs for mineral removal. Consequently, there were many Best
Management Practices (BMPS} incorporated into the mining plan.
As -we know, normally most mines have a single collection point
for storm water, with a single discharge point into nearby surface
waters. This plan uses (3) separate ponds for water collection and
final discharge. Also, other significant (BN P' S) are as :follows:
1. Blasting will occur during the initial sinking cut. After
the face is exposed, a large 190,000 lb. excavator will,
be used to dig the rock without further blasting .if
possible.
2. All exposed land free of overburden will allow water to
be guided and collected in the main sump atea.
3. Stored overburden will be encircled with silt fences as -
depicted on the mining plan. :.
4. At overburden removal areas, silt fences will be
provided to prevent runoff onto mineable rock_
5. All storm water will go to (3) separate collection ponds
before discharge by the level spreader. Ponds will be
cleaned before storage capacity is reduced by 50%.
6. Sedimentation will not leave the mining property!
7. Maintenance on equipment will be done by an outside
contractor and all spent fluids will be removed by this
contractor. :
8. Bulk fuel will be .contained a manner spec.i ied by
Federal and State law.
9. A pond capable -of containing a 25 year 24 -hour storm
is projected to be built and contain the level spreader.
This water will be able to be monitored for color, foam,

06/07/2006 14:09 9197339612
PAGE
-outfall staining, visible sheen and dry weather flow
although it is not required.
5 10. Analytical monitoring will be conducted at least
quarterly from land disturbance and process areas :as
well as for on -site vehicle maintenance at the storm
water discharge outfall. (Pond with level spreader)
11. Any material wash water ponds that are used will be -
closed circuited so that the wash water will not leave
the property. See mining plan for pond; construction
data.
By using a final large collection pond with a level spreader,the water is designed to discharge at a uniform slow rate onto mine
property without leaving the property directly to surface waters.
This mining plan allows all discharge water to migrate at a slow ,
rate to and through a huge wetland of over 100 acres. For every 12 .
square feet of wetland, l gallon of water will be dispersed.
As one peruses the 72.5 acre mining plan that has been
submitted, an initial sinking cut is made once overburden has been
removed. This cut will be 70 feet below the top of the;rock layer. at
the comer of the entrance road on the western sides This initial.
opening will have a 100' x 300'x 20' deep collection point below
the - 50' of mineable rock. Thus, all water from: the mining
operation is designed to collect in this area for further pumping in
order to keep the pit dry. It is important to understand that this
collection area will have a floating pump station with a 1400
gallon per minute pump that will be located thereon. This puthp
will only pump water from the top 12 inches of the stored water,
and will be controlled by mercury switches to run in fan automatic
manner during normal climatic conditions. Because the 72.5 acre
mining plan has been reduced dramatically from the ; original 1:92
acre plan, it is reasonable to assume that the aquifer that would
have been produced by open pit mining has been -dramatically
reduced from a projected 500,000 gallons per day :discharge to
250,000 gallons per day. Secondly, the area to be' mined to the
-2-

06/07/2006 14:09 9197339612
PAGE
05
west of the depicted road that separates the mineable area has a 7=9
year quantity of mineable reserves. Once those reserves are mined,
this area will be ready for reclamation, and will remain flooded.
Consequently, after this short period of time, all concerns of
dewatering this acreage can be immediately diminished:
The initial pump station has several unique features that need
to be addressed:
1. This collection point in the quarry allows for solids to
settle for the first time, and also help calm the turbidity.
2. It provides for oxidation while being stored.
3. It is an excellent area to add any chemicals that -need to be
added as necessary from information collected at pre -
positioned monitoring wells.
4. Finally, it acts as a large collection area for inclimate
weather storm water, since the pump station can be turned
off, and not be adversely affected because it will be
floating at all times.
Once this water leaves the pit area, it is pumped to a horseshoe
collection pond. This area is large enough to provide the following.
1. Additional settling area is provided for solids. :
2. Further oxidation will occur because this pond will be
directly exposed to sunlight and wind. All of this water is
above pit level and at ground level.
3. A floating pump station will be located at this pond also,
and only the top 12 inches will be pumped at any time.
4. It also provides an area for the addition of chemical
additives if necessary before the water is transferred to the
level spreader pond.
Finally, the water from the horse shoe pond is pumped to the
furthest end of the last pond away from the level spreader. This
level spreader has several very unique features:
1. It further allows for more oxidation and settling of any
solids.
-3-

06/07/2006 14:09 9197339612
PAGE 06
2. Since the open pit pond and horse shoe pond have the
same pump capacity, they can be automatically- set to
discharge water every 15 minutes of a given hour_ As an
example, when there is 15 minutes of pumping, 21,000
gallons of water will be sent to the final discharge ' pond
with the level spreader. Thus after, a 12 hour period,
250,000+ gallons will have been pumped. The wetlands
would only receive 21,000 gallons per hour and 45
minutes per hour with no discharge. With this plan, the
wetland will have 45 minutes of lull time for the first 12
hours and then zero discharge for the next 12-'hours. This
is just one example on how the water can be timed through
the automation feature of the pump stations;: Ultimately
there will be 1 gallon of water dispersed through 12 square
feet of wetland every 24 hours. There are many scenarios
of pumping time that can be studied and evaluated in order
to find the best combination.
3: The discharge point of the level spreader . is in the
northwestern . most part of the wetland and. the .natural
discharge point of the wetland is in the southeastern most
part of the wetland. Natural elevation changes allow this
water to move form the northwest to the southeast.
4. The level spreader discharges water onto mineable
property and not directly into the wetland!
5. It provides a thud point for chemical additives in order to
make minor adjustments if deemed necessary.
6. The level spreader system .does not, allow water to be
discharged into any surface water directly.
7: As the water leaves the level spreader, turbidity, solids,
and oxidation issues will have been resolved.
It is also necessary to discuss the isolated wetlands
surrounding the mineable property. As the cone of depletion
statistics show, there will be a migration of water to the initial
collection pit shown in the mining map. What is also.. shown, are
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e6/07/2006 14:e9
9197339612
PAGE
E17
shallow monitoring wells at key isolated wetlands depicted on the
map. At each wetland area, water cannons will be propositioned
that can send water high into the air that can cover a 200' circle ih
that particular wetland. Thus a uniform dispersion of Water can bb
added to the wetland and systematically be monitored b' y the well,§:
A visual inspection from the state and federal personh6 I will show
that this technique will keep these areas pristine! The.' horse shoe
r�,positiond.d
pond can provide large quantities of water to the propositioned
ponds near the wetlands, and the ponds will always contain enough
water to disperse to the wetlands via their own pumps.,. The water
cannons will do an excellent job of water dispersion' rather than
single point discharge into a ditch or low area.
The western and northern boundaries of the mineable land
bring up additional issues of dewatering. As it was, mentioned
earlier, the cone of depletion from the initial quarry poi -id covers an
1800' area. The western boundary of the mining plan that -adjbio$
state gamelands is not affected because it is further. tha4' 1800'. It is
interesting to note that the gamelands have an average norninal.4
meter elevation.. The Shelter Creek Quarry mining prOperty is 142
meters higher so there is higher ground in the mineable: area. Since
the northwest comer of the mineable property has isolated
wetlands with monitoring wells and ponds with water cannons,
excess water in these areas will tend to migrate by, hydrostatic
pressure and elevation to the gameland area. A contour map study
shows wetlands on this gameland property to be several thousa n-d
feet to the south and, west of the 72.5 acre mining map] There is no
reasonable concern for this adjoining property since it pis not going
to be affected.
The northern boundary of the mine which. is Separated by
Route 53 has additional gameland owned by the state Or' designatO ' d
by the Nature Conservatory when funds are availably to become
state gamelands. Although this property lies in the cone of
depletion, a recent discussion with state Biologist Mr. Vick Fren6h
concluded that all of the property near the mine site naturally
drains to the west north west or east north east at the present tim'e.
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06/67/2006 14:09 9197339612
PAGE 08
When the property was first purchased by Weyerhaeuser, deep
ditches were cut in order to grow trees. These ditches did drain
wetlands, but because they were cut so deep, the land did not
produce good tree growth. Ultimately the property vas sold to
International Paper and then to the Nature Conservatory Group.
The large wetland to the north and west of the mineable -property is
known as Angola Swamp and is over 8000 feet from the property.
This wetland drains into the North East Cape Fear River. The other
wetlands to the east northeast of the property are found south of the
town of Maple Hill and are over 12,000 feet away. =
The cone of depletion will not affect any of these wetlands -
and a monitoring well has been proposed to be put onto the
property, if deemed necessary. Also, Shelter Creek Mining will
have millions of yards of overburden, and would be willing 'to
close off the open ditches nearby that are on the state property in
the 1800' semicircle found in the cone of depletion: It must be
remembered, that the total 72.5 acres will be mined out in 12-14
years and then becomes 2 large lakes. The cone of depletion will
not be an issue after that time. 1f a monitoring well is .allowed on
the state property as depicted on the map, Shelter Creek Quarry
can take whatever corrective action is deemed necessary to keep
the woodlands pristine. 77.
In summary, the author of this mining plan wishes to invite
the attention of the readers of this plan to the following-
I . The _ co_..nstruction of three discharge ponds provides the -.
necessary wherewithal to maintain adjoining wetlands in a
pristine condition without discharging into : any surface
water directly. The level spreader in the final pond will
accomplish this feat!
2. The isolated wetlands will also be maintained in a pristine
fashion by water cannons and ponds.
3. Neighbor's property to the west and north of the mineable
property will not be severely affected because of the
aforementioned reasons already discussed.
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06/07/2006 14:09 9197339612 PAGE 09
4. This mine will be operational for a very limited time,
while still providing up to 15,000,000 tons of needed stone
in a three county area.
5. When the limestone has been removed, this same three
county area will have millions of gallons of drinkable
water for an infinite period of time.
6. There is not a tract of land in Pender County with
mineable limestone -that is more suited for mining than this
72.5 acre tract of land. It is void of human neighbors and it
has a mining plan that will keep adjoining lands and
wetlands pristine and untouched. The mining plan has
incorporated qualitative and quantitative measures that
provide safeguards that are not found in similar mines
already located in southeastern North Carolina!
A copy of this narrative has been delivered to Ms. Noelle
Lutheran of the N.C. Water Quality Division in Wilmington,
N.C. for her perusal.
Respectfully submitted,
Stephen Dorenda
-7-

1

A4�Ox))meo'� 9
In Accordance with General Permit No. NCG 020000
Operation and Monitoring Plan
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC.
8315 Highway 53 East
Burgaw, Pender County, NC
Prepared by:
Stephen Dorenda
VP Operations
Shelter Creek Quarry, LLC

projects. The level spreader lake will be quite unique for several reasons. it will cover
approximately 4.0 acres with 2.5 acres of water in it. It will hold approximately 12,000,000
gal tons of water and can withstand a 100 year, 24 hour storm (10" rain in 24 hours) very easily.
It is unique because it will have a 200' long discharge manifold that can be adjusted for rate of
,slow by closing or opening three separate gate valves. These gate valves control the amount of
water to be discharged by the manifold. Another unique feature is that it will be built directly on
top of the crustaceous limestone, which will allow some of the contained water to close -circuit to
the main pump station from which it came. Lastly, the actual discharge will occur on the mining
property prior to it's migration to the wetland. All of the design data and other necessary
information have been included with this plan. (Enclosure 1) This design meets or exceeds the
guidelines established by Dr. Van Der Wiele of N.C. Division of Water Quality
6.0 Stri ping of Overburden
As soon as both of the lakes are completed, a stripping program to remove the overburden
will commence. The initial stripping will occur to the west of the main entrance road, into the
quarry and will be approximately 400' x 750' and will remove 200,000 cubic yards of
overburden. The map shows how storm water will be trapped and sent to the main sump area by
both ditching and grading as depicted on the map.
6.1.a Overburden Uses:
6.1.a.1 It will be used to build all of the berms shown on the enclosed map as well as
protection berms for haul roads as demanded by MSHA Rules.
6.1.a.2 It will be used to widen roads and heighten the main road into the quarry as well
as to build new roads around the horseshoe lake, level spreader lake and a berm
from the level spreader lake to the maintenance building.
6.1.a.3 Excess overburden will be stored on the east side of the main entrance road shown
on the enclosed map. Although this material will ultimately be placed in the
bottom of the mined -out pit area, it will be temporarily stored and encapsulated by
a berm and silt fencing as shown on the map.
6.1.a.4 As the overburden is being removed, collected storm water will be sent from a _
submersible pump and plastic pipe to the horseshoe lake. This pump will be
located in the designated sinking cut area to be drilled and blasted where the
permanent pump station will be located. All.overburden in this area must be
removed before drilling and blasting commences. As soon as the fixed sump area
is established by removal of the rock that was blasted, an immediate drilling and
blasting program will develop the two benches shown in the map legend. At this
time, a small portable crusher will be used to crush rock for all of the roads to be
heightened and widened. 'This crusher will only make one size of finished product
Page 3

990 Water Monitoring and Test Wells
Since May, 2005, there has been an ongoing monitoring of six (6) wells that were placed
in the main wetland area of the mine. Three (3) of the wells are shallow (15 feet deep) and the
three (3) other wells are deep (80 feet deep).
Initially, test results were conducted on a monthly basis since there was no mining
activity on the property. With the recommendation to increase monitoring on a weekly basis
from Ms. Linda Willis, I began to collect water heights from these and other wells from August
08, 2006 to the present time. See Enclosure (7), Monitoring Well Data for 13 wells. Well
locations are shown on the two (2) enclosed maps. Enclosure (8) and (9).
The results to date from the monitoring of these thirteen (13) wells have supported the
initial findings of the three (3) pump down wells used in our cone of depletion studies. That is to
say that the data collected to date shows that the hydrology of the adjacent wetlands was not
significantly influenced from dewatering activity elsewhere on the ruining site.
It has been my experience in mining coastal limestone that the hydrology of the large
wetlands are more likely influenced from lateral groundwater flow in the upper surfrcial aquifer
towards the mine wallas the mine advances.
For these aforementioned reasons, a level spreader pond, ditching, and pond construction
to provide water for water cannon use have all been incorporated in this mining plan to prevent
loss of water in the overburden areas of the wetlands.
10.0 Drainage Facilities
Any stone water that goes to the pit area will be pumped from a central pumping station
as depicted on the NPDES Map. All other ditches that are on the property will still be used as
well. No new open ended ditches are expected to be needed. The ditches and sump area deliver
natural and storm water to the man-made lake for discharge. It will be discharged evenly into the
wetlands from this lake. No sump pump water will be directly pumped off the mining site. The
submitted cross sections show that the sump settling pump basin will be approximately 100 ft. x
360 ft., and it will have the deepest mined area in the quarry at - 58 ft. MSL. The actual water
level will automatically be controlled by mercury switches, and will only pump water down to a
nominal - 45 ft. MSL. This is necessary since non -turbid water is desired for pumping. Also,
this will be the first chance that suspended solids can be removed before any pumping sends
water'to the first settling pond. The sump also provides a huge retention area in case of
inclement conditions. All storm water and ditch water is sent to the main sump area by grading
or ditches during extended mining operations. See the flow charge arrows on the NPDES Map.
Enclosure (8).
Page 5

distance from the wetland would be 80 feet and not 50 feet.
13.0 Isolated Wetland Ponds
The ponds holding water for the isolated wetlands will have float mounted pumps with
manifolds capable of running (3) water cannons at one tirne. The water cannons can spray 75
gallons/minute or 4,500 gallons/hour.
Based on the previous example given, an average isolated wetland would need 12,670
gallons of water pumped on non -rainy days. With a water cannon delivering 4,500 gallons per
hour, it would take 2.82 hours to spray 12,670 gallons onto an average wetland.
14.0 Maintenance Area and Fuel Storage
The submitted map shows a maintenance building slightly NW of the horseshoe wetland
adjacent to the level spreader pond. An additional 30' x 75' or 2,250 ft.' building addition will be
added to the southern end of the current building. This area will be with a covered roof and
concrete floor. General preventative maintenance will be conducted in this area by an outside
contractor who will piovide grease and oil on his service truck. The floor area will consist of a 2
block high concrete walled area on top of 6" of concrete. The open end will have a 7" silent
policeman made of concrete which will be attached to the concrete floor. This floor area and
blocks, along with the silent policeman provides 42 yds.' of contained concrete storage for spills.
30 x 75 x .5' - 27 = 42 yds3 and 423 x 201.974 = 8,483 gallons of liquid storage. The floor will
have (2) drains located at 25' intervals in the concrete floor and connected to a 4' x 6' sump area
outside of the building by PVC pipe. The actual sump area will be covered with a removable
roof to prevent from inclement weather. Bags of "Oil Dri" will be provided on both sides of the
maintenance area and would be sprinkled over wet areas. The absorbed material would be swept
into a pile and then transferred to a 55 gallon barrel to be sent to an environmentally appropriate
dump site.
NOTE: 500 year flood did not reach the maintenance building floor in September, 1999. As. far
as bulk storage of diesel fuel; a 10,000 gallon steel tank will be located along the SE corner of the
maintenance building with a built-iri secondary containment tank. All maintenance will be
provided by an outside contractor where the mining equipment is purchased. This maintenance
will be conducted by the vendor's employees with the vendor's maintenance truck.
15.0 Discharge Monitoring
Discharge monitoring and reporting will be performed as specified in Table 1. If the
effluent limitations are greater than specified in Table 2, the monitoring frequency will be
modified to monthly monitoring of the effluents.
Page 7

17.0 Water 'armor. Use MI Isolated Wetlands
As far as keeping the isolated wetlands wet with water cannons, the following formula shows
how much water in necessary to equal the normal precipitation based on the thirty year average
rainfall amounts:
inches of rain x sq. ft. x 7.48 = (x) gallons
Using 1 16.9" of rain/year (30 year average) for this area, I can calculate the number of gallons
per no rain days that would have to have water sprayed by the water cannons to the isolated,
wetlands. Average size of isolated wetland = 1.437 acres 1.437 acres = 62,595 ft.'
Example.
116.9 x 62,595.72 ft.,' = 609,786 ft.3
12
609,786 ft.' x 7.48 gallons'= 4,561,202.4 gallons/year
4,561,202 gallons/year = 380,100 gal lons/month
12 months
380,100 gallons/month - 12,670 gallons/day per avg. wetland
30 days/month
12,670 gallons/day x 17 isolated wetlands = 215,390 gallons/day
19 dry days/month x 215,390 gal Ions/day = 4,092, 410/month
Page 9

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Shelter Creek Quarry Wetland Impact Spreadsheet
WETLAND
AREA
SIZE (AC)
SIZE (SF)
TYPE
NOW
RIPARIAN
RIPARIAN
VALUE
PHASE
404 WET
401 WET
404 MIT
401 MIT
A
7.2
313,632.0
Swamp Forest
♦
IA
♦
o
B.: '
0.$ ..
34,848.0
Wet Flat
♦ ,
L,
IA
C
3.8
165,528.0
Wet Flat
♦
[A
♦
o
D
5.9
257,004:0
Pocosin
0
IA .
♦
o
E
0.24
10,454.4
Bottomland Hardwood Forest
•
113
♦
o
60,984.0
,_,Wet Flat
..z. ♦,
,113
Ao
G
0.7
30,492.0
Wet Flat
♦
L
113
67,953.E
N."'. Wet Flat
♦ ..
,1g
. „
.
❑ , .:.
I
0.5
21,780.0
Bottomland Hardwood Forest
•
113
♦
o
4,791.E
.. ; .. _ .: Wet Flat .. ..
.. _ ...
. ,:: ,,., .,
,v
IA
♦
❑
K
0,16
6,969.6
Wet Flat
♦
IA
♦
❑
'AA,
0'1.2-.. __'
-52,272,0
'•i Freshwater Marshy .,
♦-n
_,, :
, .-.. L
IIA.
BB
0.54
23,522.4
Wet Flat
♦
IIA
♦
❑
-,;,CC. .
",W,.:0.24,,.
1-10,454A
_ Cypress Swamp'
♦.
IIA
♦
❑ �
DD
4.9
213,444.0
Cypress Swamp
♦
IIA
♦
o
EE ,
5.3.
230,868.0
Cypress Swa'mp";
.. , .:
IIA
♦
FF
3.4
148,104.0
Non-riverine Swamp
♦
JIB
♦
o
GG -.
1.48 '',,
64,46&8
_ < Bottomland Hardwood Forest
Y
., •
JIB`
♦
o
HH
1.75
76,230.0
Bottomland Hardwood Forest
•
IIB
♦
o
s.,.0:31,,, :=,
13,503.E
,:,._Bottomland Hardwood Forest
•
JIB
♦
o .`
11
0.24
10,454.4
Bottomland Hardwood Forest
•
JIB
♦
o
= , KK ° �
. • 2.12 a
' `.92,347.2
" Bottomland Hardwood Forest
LL
1,48
64,468.8
Bottomland Hardwood Forest
•
IIB
♦
o
- MM
_�-7.86"
'81,021.6
:Bottomland Hardwood Forest .r
•,
JIB
♦
o
NN
0,11
4791.6
Swamp Forest
•
1113
♦
o
'00 �;.:,
",0.12� ,�_
;.,.� .._>t¢.=,5,227.2
>;E .swamp Forest.
IIB
♦
b
PP
0.03
1.306.8
Swamp Forest
.
IIB
♦
o
TOTAL
47.45
2,066,922.0
37.21
10.24
2.7
44.84
2.61
42.14
2.61
SF
1 1,620,867.6
446,054.4
117,612.0
1,953,230.4
113,691.6
1,835,618.4
113691.6
Page 1

Shelter Creek Quarry Wetland Impact Spreadsheet
WETLAND TYPE
ACRES
Swamp Forest
7.46
Sottomland Hardwood Forest
13.38
Pocosin
5,9
Wet Flat
9,07
Freshwater Marsh
1.2
Cypress Swamp10.44
TOTAL
47.45
Page 2
PIIAsE IA 17,97
PHASE I$
4.4
PHASE IIA
12.18
PHASE IIB
12.9
TOTAL
47.45

,4
Page 13 of 19 5 U-6 i
amount of wetlands proposed for impact and correct all the maps and written descriptions so they are
consistent. Please identify which wetlands have been identified as isolated and include then: in. the
calculated wetland impacts and narrative for the State.
The correct area of wetlands to be impacted is as follows:
404 Jurisdictional Wetlands 44.84 acres (1,953,230.4 SF)
401 Isolated Wetlands 2.61 acres (113,691.6.0 SF)
Total Wetland Impacts 47.45 acres (2,066,922.0 SF).
Attached you will find the Shelter Creek Quarry Wetland Impact Spreadsheet, which has been prepared
to accurately detail total proposed wetland impacts, both 404 and 401, as well as provide information
on the classification of each impact, what phase they are to take place, etc. (refer to addendum
Attachment 10).
2. Please show on an overall map, the wetlands to be impacted and in what phases and also identify the
required SO' undisturbed buffer by the Land Quality Section form the property line and/or wetlands.
Please refer to the revised site plan (Attachment 6) and to the Shelter Creek Quarry Wetland Impact
Spreadsheet (addendum Attachment 10).
3. The neaps indicate there will be a proposed `future" ditch on the northwestern side of the property
(Phase 1A). There are wetlands shown to abut thisproperty line. Please indicate how this proposed ditch
will not impact/drain additional wetlands off -site?
The ditch has been installed and water is continuously pumped into the feature, which ensures that it
will not have a draining effect on adjacent off -site wetlands. This has been demonstrated with the
shallow water monitoring well data that has been included with this correspondence.
4. There are on -site and off -site wetland monitoring wells Please show the previously collected data and
provide a summary of these finding.
As a result of the 5 June 2009 on -site meeting with the DWQ, SWP, WRC and others, where auger
pulls indicated that the water table was within 12" to 18" of the surface, the data was re-evaluated. It
was determined that an error in the calculation had occurred. The error was corrected and the data
recalculated (see attached). In summary, the corrected data reinforces the existing conditions evaluated
during that site visit and also indicates that the mining activity has not a draining effect on wetlands
outside .the project limits or within the cone of depletion.
5. The proposed compensatory mitigation does not meet the requirements describe in 15A NCAC
I

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum or Understanding between Ike U.S. Dureau of Alines, U.S.
Department art he Interior, and the Divisinn or Land Raourem North Carolina Department of Environment, Heallh, and
Not urn Resources, far collecting in forma lion nil non fnerminernts,
In 1994, for the third year in a row, North Cnrolina
ranked 171h nationally in Until, nanfud mineral value,'
according to the US. Bureau of Mines. The estimated
value for 1994 exceeded $700 million, an increase of mire
than 1495 above that of 1993. This followed again of
nbnut 41,161n 1993 over that of 1992, The Slate accounted
far 29'a of the U.S. total. The commodities crushed stone,
construction sand and grovel, dimension stone, phosphate
rock, and lithium compounds had the most impact on the
changing values of the tut 2 years. The first three had
s ignificua itxrexs between 1992-94, The States overall
mineral value gain in 1993 was nloderaled by most than a
15!e decrease for phosphate rock and nm dy a 17". drop
for lithium cmnpou nds. Based an preliminary 1994 values,
both mineral commodities rebounded: phosphate rock
value was up almosl Wit above that of 1993 to tilde mess
Ow the value in 1992, and lithium compound values were
irp by 6%. Compared with that of 1993, increases occurred
in the value ofthe following mineral commodities in 1994:
crushed static, phosphate rock, construction sand and
gravel, lithium, industrial sand and gravel, dimension
slant, meshed quarccke and slats mica,, olivine; talc and
pyrophyllile, and peat. Decreases occurred in feldspar,
common clays,'and gmulones.
The mines of North Carolina exclusively have been
producer: of industrial minerals since the early 1970'5, in
particular with (he 1971 closing of the Tungsten Queen
Mini an undtrlpnund mine located in Vance County,
Conversely, sigrlifucant exploration for gold has occurred
during die last several years. Ahhnuglt no metals are
currently mined in North Carolina. metals refined from are
shipped into the State or from recycled materials have
played an important We in the State's arineml industry.
Included in this group are aluminum, chromium, rnholt,
copper, fernalloys, steel, titaniuirt4 and lungsttac In
estimated mineral production for 1994, North Carolina
renutined first in feldspar, first of two Stales that produced
lithium and olivine, first of five mica -producing States,
second in phosphate rock rod fifth in laic and pyrophyllite.
While the State climbed from Rth to Slh in the production
ofindustrinl sand and grand and from 101h to 61h in [hot of
dimension stone, it dropped from Ist to Id in common
clays.
According to the Division of Land Resources (DLR),
TAotu I
NONFUEL RAW MINERAL PROnUCf10N IN NORT11 CAROLINA'
199'
'
1991
1994'
hlitieeal
(r,Janril5
Val,Jc
QWI
Value
ria>'a
Vdoe
y
(nw,ut.Rd1)
.It,
utidtsm,kJl
Clsn`
1aau4,d ramie left
2,120
19.T7s
2,3AI
511,165
_.-errs
fl1.[no
rsUm-
_ m_dm lam
4}1624
t5,J9a
471,1179
16 [AT
44F.non
16,400
C�—
NA
t,119
NA
546
NA
W
ki-(X=V1
a,,.s+anJ mdrsc sin,
SI
2,9r.7
51
2f1w,,
56
2,950
reni
do
W
lux
W
162
w
W
tisnJ sal Vr ,j
_
C,s,MT,0w-
- d..
9,2113
47717
-11,In0
'S3.Rrt0
12.00)
59,4mr
l,dundal
du
UTAN
17,53)
1,344
19y97
w
w
North Carolina Department of Environment, Flcallh and
Natural Resaure6, a Nashville, TN, firm, Franklin
Industrial Minerals Co., acquired HIM. ownership of
KMG Minerals Inc., the largest domestic producer of
ground mica. Franklin reported that the KMG operations
at Kings Mountain, NC, have a capacity of up to 27,o00
metric tons per year of gravi(y-sepnroted, surfamtreated
aid uuurcaled mica, in addition to secondary production of
both floated silica and polamiurn feldspar for glass
apptimtims and ball clays for ceramic brick and refracmry
applications,
in other devclopmems, Unimin Corp, bought Applied
Industrial Minerals Corp.'s olivine mine, the Daybreak
Mine, State and USDA Forest Service officials rcponcd
thata number of efforts to develop gold properties were
undemayos several locatrons an the States national forest
lands. Three prospecting permits were issued to a joint
venture involving Baltic Mountain Gold Co. and Cominco
American Resources, Inc by the U.S. Bureau of Land
Management in the Uwharrie National Forest in
Montgomery and Randolph Cauntiu. Meanwhile,
ASARCO lororpaated drilled six holes and applied far a
permit to drill another in search for gold in the some soulh-
ccraml cournies, while J. B, Morris also was prospecting
for gold by dewatcing and taking samples from the
cmdud' do '44.Oa9 '262.4on 47,7117 797,657
'S2Aa0
1110.11nn
Eh-- -—inctdu :7.n 14 '7,40 31,711 12,26N
'51.7nn
'21700
C-1 d [aloe ad.), (tadiot Ilthim,
minerals, nli,ine, plmerh.k rod- stone
imisbd .1— o+l svk— etnla
11993.9J), mlpme ardor (19%2)1. uk and
Vm2h,llite, oil vabse, ood sal hr nrabolW XX 135.962 XX 201.M
XX
215.0m
Tdal - _ XX _ 595,640 _ XX M117,39a
XX
'705,( M}
TslieatccL Trclimme7. NA No mvl.hle W Wkhd,I b rvnW,bzk..o¢—To), pu coy doe.: nlsiftluld xith'Cnuhim[r.kx',W
XX Nu epFlinhlc
'PmJiclinn m nwaaaei by mine skipmsurs A=,"eniuLdr4e rffdKtion (itlr3-kafowtow"pkr"t krtr A* )
i,dW es eanin ds.x, .ah,e indodW Kith -C,mbinal vshs,' dos.
'.,ditto mu6, slmec. v.lac i..I.W mth'Cmabmd ralae• dsq.
Tam Jo ran .del rn eru.l d,oua k.-- a inkls.stmt ruu,dm8
175 176
historical Tebc Sounders Mine, where mining originally
began in the latter IR00's, in Memgunicry County.
Elsewhere 13HP was c mducting a copper -zinc csplomlicn
program under a special use prosptaing permit in the
Nantahnla National Forest near the Tennessee border. The
Nonh Carolina Gedogicat Survey (NCGS), in coapcmtion
with DLR, published Its annual report Pernolded.fcrme
and Graerim d lining Openisrnren in North Camllno. to
include mining activity as of June 199.1, II pmvidall a
comprehensive listing of purnilled mines by county and
commaditynnd included historical data on permitting and
reclamation statistics, mineral exploration and production
news (including activity an Forest Service lands as welt as
non -Peden it lards), changes in regulations, tegislolion, and
sources of geological and mineral processing infottrlailon
and topographic maps in the State. The 1944 report was
particularly significant because it was writlen nl the
conclusion ofa very active permitting rycle, both for new
permits and the withdrawal of -permits. Future editions will
be published at the end of the calendar year. rather, than
June, and all are available for purchase from the NCGS.
idle Iran.'Jue meJn. llr IM4[ nonnon 1A. eJ T—Id [I dihc
time sliinnrai=., mineral Qmm.hlt ask,. ,r —6—ble rmwfi,cl eJ
sprl.mwe w1hc tnli.iJu4l mncr.lumla..Irtc1- .

TMILE 2
NORTII CAROLINA-. CRUSHED STONE' SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN 1993, BY USE
u>a
(ham"'7
(d.am,d
vdoe
hail
' md.ic in.)(lAovavd.)
td,e
A i01
AND
S1,9.12
SJ (I2
Riffm Ind etm era¢
52.1
a, I So
7.9)
F.M.A.-
179
IA94
667
Oda .,arse e
W
W
129
Cosset re
Ctnn,:Ie ala- mwne
1.W
I0.01
673
(hnormn,e.ppepme awx ._.
1,451
14,632
749
MIEnmoesf m+rermo><.jF.WAA
211
1.391
6.611
A.ib.W WWI
1.954
6,JM0
462
Oita mw,e arpremme
W
W
6 26
Far. c-3Aspdr7.
SWw..nd-enrage
269
1,056
1:23
ganc.a+d. brnsamrrus rent v �1
]2S1
1,611)
S
Crone sed fro semum
(i.ederi read Ins. n sohhuc
6.640
33.13n
4 99
_.r-.dmW aef.cLy
521
3,IN7
612
- Tanem�n lest .3vr3me
W
W
1102
Crad,a w v GII a>•ape _ ., _. --
I.W
6.I(m
5 92
_ aha a,mec.W 6m ft,p".o _ .,.
^—
w
w
5 57
Other arwr.eaar auusids
MIO
6.I76
76'
w cobra.'.
A akurol limenlme
I'1
n
5 SI
1`mhn' pu mrl mavd fm1
I'1
I7
a 41
.l.
h4,e dw4x9 sr.ad,rna,aeairi
f1
1']
15110
IMlrse f�Na.,raa las
_
la
7,fe)
�'•d
27,139
IAI ON
6.60
6323
567
7aa1'
a7.70
297,657
6.23
52.676
277.637
5 65
W W6lJrW la-W dir�g-.prey legrrrmry d•l.,aorde5 silb'Odv ea,a,trJirer rnmauk*
' Ileh.frs Monalle, pmwS T.omm c alal, misndlmme pane end rryn+dC cwlude 919m 'is .4,11- CA tdomc aadv Ems SI.Icto li to.utid
diold-t 'q'mf pnl-L-7dasa.
'WAhIYIJ In neid �d,riaNl ea�T j,a�sidlT dde: iKI IG{ ri16'Tutil.'
lodedd imami'+, •aianold mthw . brdilo„n irf one and emia . far nam;godsaa.
INU to m NU Io 1n1.L..kme 1„r.We.( idq,..km rtowd qL
'fine sh[etrm iseWlm907 tilop3nlsa7,000 pn'J•Ids7o Donal lleaic.nm in.k.i lore, dnide mgric M.I. hy0.9A71 NS
'T,wl drm,a m ik.r.ad .hurl Ip.In .rd drnirad rlo(Ws.
TAME a
NORTH CAROLINA: CRUSIIED STONE SOLD OR USED, BY BIND
I:in)
N �
vdoe
Ikpl
Nlo
QoIaomtL5'
V.h.e
IIna
f4,*.•md
Ilkwsdsl
,.bu
IlknrsnnlJl
,.ha
male ml[.7_
mwrtre,
mnrsc hal l
Lkn4.ne
N
3.472
320,941
N.0.3
a
3,453
MAN,
S6 xJ
Dolrenix
]
Jul
I1175
6.71-
I
IT7
LIST
701
Cdcaa,w mvl
J
267
111
124
1
ul
257
42H
O _K
67
].357
1-A'"14
5,75
70
Jn rMj<1
2J6 __19
It I4
?.!en:1 -
J
23n3
14.374
6 ?4
J
221,
1..921
Ii 75
"-lemenmr
]
I,436
93f3
583
3
1.79:
114171
6n
T.W.
xx
'J2,196
^_J7!11'/
'S 7x
xx
47 7x7
1_9I557
6 21
T,x.l"
7(7(
'J631]
:J3,717
•51a
7O(
5.676
297,651
565
Rmb5 3(](N,N.Irrlicnlde.
T_adata gevVitn Ild, ®d,ak olom ai.le d ®i. h,as Su1a gal in and dminang eenimy 1r..K ay,1e1.,
'Dr. nut e W m Inw..k„wa f.n of mdq,n.lw nwding
'One short Ian 1s egtel m 9Q7 kllopams or 2,00f11+n,md,- Tn corral axl,Ic u.o In sGn 11xa, dl,idc rtrclnc uon, i.y 11.'11111M5
TsaL shown m [k.snd do,t.nro .nd Iknsrd du0nn.
TADLCJ
NORTH CAROLINA: CRUSHED STONE' SOLD OR USED DY PRODUCERS IN 1993, nY USE AND DISTRICT
ITh. -.i vesnc tam vw d..JJmid, m-:l
tJse Dturid I lleerie 2
Tnned 3
_ (h•-finr value tl,,.,mn, y.1,ie
a>a6ra,
y.L-
_
crosasxtim no.-
Cues a we 1+1 in ied,)' 3J11 2,367 W W
corseEZW 1_133 14,303 W W
W
W
Fim.apWoole(`31A iadl7' 716 4.150 w W
W
W
co— ad rm aepc apLe _ _ 3,5:i) 19,5J7 W W
W
W
CMha earyn.dim amai.h 151 1, 13x 10-172 311721
1153
9253
Ai;Rl alr (') 19
yaslrsar-v
AC l 447 ],613 14,632 95,464
12,71d1
Fsmwvj 92 157 67N 3.615
19,
3,75,1
Tog" V611 44,4lN 21,591 157198
14.539
95,411
tail"s 11.433 44,42N _ 21t,1911 157,79N
I6m5
75.a3t
W WYhhdd rn atvd dledreli �'r prgaisary d.., iadrded „g11'1Mkraawruesve, maraid.--
1E,do,1a 4velsisc. deS wed ,a(cmc w.k3 sod arsai. fnal Sint: law k, s,md d1scM+ml(I -wpm pmrliaary dm.
9rch.le lilts arosrc, molml al.'4' aedjdty ••me. as1 aha rams .�.rc
'Y7(Wirlrl la and disdtsngragrmll"nl'•�•7 dR., irr],.lel with 'Torok'
'laah.do ®a.Ie .Npe#ale (®ere►bil,s4r4m s[P•F+mfe:m:), bialanaJs wrfaoe-olnemeM Jfp,epau. nilwd tullJu. eW albs pJadai dgne afp,eFwe
'ladl.ds aims am! fv.radcl. aloe and (hihorma"Is rra,i a soli. and .a,c3rmp (rmJaipuaW )
Mlydlale pdd r,,.d h.>ca ebha>S Iaou9lnd nlwd.pp3}at, arr(ra,W rn,.l slofstieF auslra rtm (sdnt rmlerisl a htl).
end ndi¢ c,xv.c.ml
6ne.Epaynl4.
'Imb.ln .piedtwd hmee.sie .rd I.spq Pt a A rift (ant
'lrrd.Je ameduse,N,r .fid rely aol-L nd nhn 611a , m oa,do,
'Ifr]ode padmim mperle) -dkna . lrekdow. by use And r nnm. C. rr,nJr;andene,.
")tl. Il., mi add I. in,Jlt o-a b— J irdgi011(® a.rderg.
"Cn=Lhnimisequllo9Q74ilops mI,(MlOprw& To oaa narricem In she i„n, di,idea.nric rim be09t17)N5
"frail tdvun on thoiumd shm tau sad ikxeud,Idl.n.
177 178

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum or Understanding between the U.S. Darters or Alines, U.S..
Department of the Interior, and the Division or Land Resources. North Carolina Department or Env iranmmt. Health. and
Natural Resources, for caUecring lornrmntion 0 annfliel minerals.
In 1995. for the fourth )car in a row, North Cnmlina
ranked 171h nationally in total nottfuel mineral production
value,' according to the U.5. Geological Survey (IJSGS).
The estimated value for 1995 was S742 million, a 5%
increase firms that of 1994. This followed a gain of almost
IS',' from 1993 to 1994 (bused m1 final data). The State
accounted for 2% of the U.S. total nonfuel mineral
production value.
The increased values afcrlahcd stone and phosphate
rod had the most impact on the changing values or ate
past 2 years. The value of enlshed. stone was up more than
9% in 1995. following an almost. 189: gain in 1994.
Phosphak rock value increased I I!. in 1993. following an
increase of more than 26% in 1994. Compared with 1994,
the other mineral commodity values that inarnsod in 1993
were as (allows: feldspar, dimension stone, gemstones, and
tnle and pyrophylfite. Decreases occurred in lithium
mincmis, construction and industrial sand and gravel,
common clays, crude mica, and olivine. In 1994. nil
commodities increased in value except for construction
sand and gravel, which had a small decrease.
Compared with USGS estimates of the quantities
produced in the other 49 States, North Carolina remained
first in feldspar and crude mica; first of twn Stales ibnt
produced lithium mincrads and olivine; third in phosphate
rock; filth in Late and pyrophyllitc; and seventh in industrial
sand and gravel. While the State ranked sixth in peat
pmducficn, it climbed from eighth to sixth in kaolin and
dropped from first, io filth in common clays. Noah
Carolina mines have been producers orindustriol minerals
exclusively since the coyly 197Vs, partianlody since the
1971 closing ofthc Tungsten Queen Mine, an underground
tungsten mine in Vance County. Ilowevcr, significant
explorntion for gold has occurred during the past several
years,
'nw wa• •�tiel aamr.r r�mAudim' sad m4tn1'wfan• e,n.arw,.
,.riei,a,. r ma.aF J�ed.e n ah..inn.l... i.rm.l r^I•ot rYaJ,w,.,
TABLE
NONFUEL RAW MINERAL PRODUCTION IN NORTFI CA ROLINAI 1
1777
1774
1995'
hbneaI
Qaa"a7
Value
'4-"'F
Vek
�1e1ry
Yahae
—(Ih9utm,bl
Ilha*..+aSrl
nMnxa.Ll
Cl,-' Iho—.I.dn to 23no
--
S]1100
'XII
S12,501)
�
2,2so
slo'Im
Fddn�.v_ _ mettle rtm, 472.Nil
16.701±
ARKnm
17,firkl
Jxl,fxla
17,7an
Gemar— NA
546
NA
563
NA
4 a9n
ro. af- aM) - ak>nam,i medic tau SI
2,701
0
3170
69
%no
r-t mastic vma W
162
21AUr
W
W
W
Sand oat pa.el'_
_
Ca, naninn '11,10n
151,nl0
I1_101
Soya
ln,lfln
Sn NA
1.1karw mdri war 1,14(1,00n
I"o
1,4611,000
24101
1,401=
16,1r10
,rc
Gehdl th.•,+uW metre texas '47,x(x1
'2911( )(I
'SS,son
•J310rta
S7,'_frtl
31incilo
Qmkaaian R irk tom 11.700
0.300
'31.7011
'123fM1
46)IMl
14,1oa
Cmnbiaad 1a1ae nrd.), (La9Fa). labors rmnmla_
nfi,im rd—Fjh a nek, cane lenahel quanme.
.._IFm,a ,tact any aat,aaaname (1994k aurM}
quarui.e, slue, anal ,nl®ne coa,ler t Vr))),
dmmsim gwtuue, aa..laroe. 161e, ad
mimdlen-41974)1, We arf,±lnph±ihte, end
valaks itateatd try nmh,d W _ XX
_
204.f7(7a
%1e
Xtm
Y.t(
24C. IM
Tn.l 30(
617n0n
3t%
1709.00"
)QI
742.fM
TF imltd'14Nimmmy.'Revua] NA N9r nWIWl W WithMd In a,vid,aleheingm Nay p'^M+•t+7''W:,a
inelwkil frith •c,rrlhbd ndae'daa
)IX KM aFp)ieahle
'PA,Jw.marr.=wW hs:arc di,p =U.aat..amuka.Ne pmtomm findudirp mraasatpara, br rndnms)
Do. are —dd en ihm ,.Or— dipu; mar m add So vtah ,lama.
'Cxdmkm Min elm: lilac induak with-Conbiad 9dre date.
'Lxdula catam pocks; , *Iue it dL" rilh'Camhmel rnIW daLL
...►.ate,ply.®..rr�n..�.e.l,a...mq..l...,.,�w.e.el. �.n�d.A....R.re.,�l-.i,.l4n,. Tnawu.mn.�..�,,.n.,n,l,�..
rv..larnanlmdnl'nsa<an�,npud fir (.ndwv,±..n ggaahle m,ir bdn-• pbna,..,,.n nr aFyw,pna10505 m,aQalarwa,lin'yw',rua. L"aIIMMF.s
niaaal nsanmehy. F., n.s L a I TO I) W 14W9 I"
r h a e,shar .,a.,,.�rA.•na km
"7j ra9.
A11199suso3.Jwal randam,�dm an �9ar,... drle lf9}. 13-111a II>Qa fe alelepwna liM,aFda �.nal mnw,JiF ,1•oafim.r dl
F-.- ,it •a�e�n4lia.salrrrIT ew en —Axe F—I aid knoiplormarxa,e41.316ta-,alu fa tl�,rao.bmnruma anJ ne,whn
TAta.F 2
NORTH CAROLINA-. CRUSHED STONE' SOLD OR USED 13Y PRODUCERS IN 1994. DV USE'
Q—Iiq VA- unit
U. (IL—nd
Coanc.fyemttucc*_I tl2 ind').
M—W.
Finer none
(11lty ire .r7�'g•�
Cmarreae •FF1,Ya,e. aaarle _ _
nitunv uo . Ire, mace
Iblamas.0 mafamlretlrneal sypreearc-_ - - -
Railmdballut .-.
Fine an rqL Lc (4111 iadnt
sM.ac wad.
_ Slme aatl, bitaxraavm mA rc red _
SameiaF. wlk�mutd .__ _ •, .
Qahrrraraaprmae
C.— MJ (—. Ira:
r1mw n.•4 fiats eAhm
[Jrmuvl naW a dump
T-- and e.T •gpgjg- - - —
L'ruahtrrunmFltlamtac - -
Othacaax sad Care trreegala _
Ulv alltunidion autdida
ARnavtncat_
nrrimaa,l litreraae - - —
7'nuttrr pit uad m;ernt read .. _
Of- V.e hoar crap ant distal _
Uam,xibd.' •.•_
Arn l
467
S:Xf)
54 91
557
4 45u
7 vg
,nx4
2.594)
(,74
w
W
5 (s
.1,49u
26.IN,
7111
1,120
17,54N,
757
32a
2. 170
6 79
1.320
f.,:5r1
4.72
152
151
4m
_13D
522
7,Ifa
10("1
4 xx
W
W
Nil
Rn)a
42114t
sit
3.16
2.IY,(1
631
W
W
:. (N)
923
S112f}
544
W
K'
54t
I,26(1
a,'7Tn
7.11
In
al
5141
In
27a
27 Res
36
M)
11.10
mpm
21113xK1
hail
9)9
r,. Yxa
f.t"
W Wiaildd N,-4 ddclouag a*r"q proMclw, dot: Irdmred fn'Otlar tk im mmcials"
, Ind d. ek-- mart. d9Waaht trzook I ..d—, m;axllund.e mane, qaa ugn liars, LW —k—c brace aW Lana.
'not ate tx to 11am.ipraemt digits. Lary red aW In naala abuua.
'Ird,elc. prnludim aer.atd wIthne a kmidown by end use -A enflame 11. m-eq.r.kn14

TAIILE 3
NORTH CA ROLINA: CRUSI3ED STONE SOLD OR USED, BY KIND'
1993
1994
K,W
h1olrrr
�vf
Vd-
Ihil
7E dR
V.he
Llml
(U.wsarWY
1�I.c
;�q
I ._.._:.1
e.en7c�
cl a
vdeic lvm)
I.imal,sx
9
1,450
S21.fd*
S61A
12
4.11)(1
.. 110.mn
to 9R
Dd.mr
l
179
L350
'7 rtl
.1
245
1.640
617
Cal-s mu1
1
6n
157
A 111
3
111
711
6 65
Ornile
70
•3%.+On
r,.D(1)
W16
61
ilim
265JIM
b41
TrL_
A
71.930
'24,7nf]
16.29
7
7,930
35'sm
657
.Vwc
(1)
1,)
i9
(11
3
w
w
6.95
vca d miff ant sa.i.
19
I'1
o
19
I
1V
w
704
Olaui,e T
(1)
11)
(1)
PY
1
w
w
530
61-11 mm amen
7
Ow
I I /11f1
635
3
U70
9.160
677
Tam]
xx
47.8fl)
299a)n
6.L7
xx
53.900
151.m
651
III -A w wnitdd In mWi di.dwi.0 anpmeS plolmds.T dsls: irch.led in'Tdal' XX MK mlinhk
Two w .wu.aW w d- slEmOean diEila
i:.chd-.pseuifc -lee, a.d aolcaic on1a,.a1- r- 510v 1.1d m aanid disdmmp n.al` y P••1"• I. 4p.
TAOLr.E
NORTII CAROLINA- CRUSHED STONESOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN 1994, BY USE AND DISTRICT'
(Thewmnd metric Iona and W.0 d dnliaa)
dh.eid I
Di.nid 2
llim 3
Uwe
Ouapgr
Vala
Qwlo.ty
VA.
_ QesaeY
V.ive
Cw.,.e..E.Mass (+1113 inch' _
w
w
w
IN
6ml
1.5m
_C.--prm..r_,pr.dW'
w
w
w
w
1.230
I=
_ Fa. "prow.051 ip*r _ _
690
1.470
w
w
W
IN
c- vd
3,001
17,4M
IN
w
w
w
I.Uer elmuw-mawmll
2,620
17a13f]
1a__'00
71-4011
1.%0
10.1011
Apiahursl'
16
53
In
279
-
-
_
[3.kslni.cdlste.nv.c'
36
s0n
-
-
-
-
I Insltiefiad
_ -
Aen..l
2,370
14.900
17,200
117.0W
1I,M
71,SfM1
Et -d
_ 9m
5.950
71
546
Tvlel
9.710
54ffrl
303110
I%,=
14.900 ...
ID1,Wl)
W WithldJ k. nalid+lndluinEa^'faf'p0Y�r7 d.4:ieeh.lal with •OU.ee ,senln.dim nwaial.•
'Dam va aandd nr r6ne.iFld6emr dipilr. nnSm .dd m Laal. dmwa.
Red..Se Fhn paarY maoda.,t nprq, rd jdy p.Q, rei.ehv mnse.EEreFar_
Rnr3ala aeoefe.Epvym (afrsvl. tinevo,v,r aEpxplc fW.rssl, hik®inew .m! enlnlmt aEpepe, ad nilead haunt
Recl.eYa wee .rW fcned+m.l. fs,....a1e5 (I.tm®a ran a d), e.esio of (Im,le Fmwt ow aha lim eEEKEsk
3.drvka pdml.ml to rr+tie¢,laraan and e`fn,.5 a""-. -"d wad ret+,-p. ae1h4 m Lldcd to -d w 8hy a..i e1l.a scene r.1 Eve aFpe p-
4-1-Sa spiladhad }imdane, peelry Erik, mW edl.rel had.
1nch.1m ahe.(an0ai-m Wool.
Rncl,.ka rrr.k.nim .epnrml riLhol. a Ixrakdurn h1 and u.e ae,l oe:uw 6v n..vge.elms:
TAIM11 5
NORTH CAROLINAI CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED IN 1994, BY MAJOR USE.
CATEGORY'
Ili
V"'101fn'
iilx"
netnc pvsl
Vol.
I.M+uurvl.}
V.I.
pa Inn
Crinvl -Fprwiuduh.E aawlar .rd)
1710-
513,p11
S170
Tla.ur .d Eank r...l.
55
1w,
175
Corcleylnal+xxs (hh,lileid;. l'11•L Ikl.t.uYc ac)
179
140
277
Asphaltic t+oey4e eFEnrFald end ahs: Il,IatlinWklnllllmn ^-.
771
?,?'Ill
2T
Rued btse ral ev(an.g.{
[_In
7,111)
i 71
Fill
5T3
I,I(e1
111)
R.IImwl hdlnf
799
LIM
A!d
Othd
1I3
ill
a_ 12
Aenal
1,730
19,71n1
7.2:
I�smlatd
6l1
2.o2l.
1 19
Tdd w w
11.100
50 m)
J 51
'Dmj m mwkkl in Ihf¢ fiwrio t dipls, tngM add b]n1.ls dex.w.
%e-ks mW ad oth. st lmbL,-(lull sal -and is.< A
9adude Chm-
9aclwla r-hf m r1]+g1ed -d.ul. hlnldnww b7 .d la: sad eximwa(.e rvmml*rnkfna.
TA01.N 6
NORTH CAROLINA: CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED IN
1994, BY USE, AND DISTRICT'
lTl.a.s.d ramie o-. A lbr-se11
dn1+n)
Dowel I
Puma 1
Dneffa
1
r
Vsh,e
.m
valve
i1c
Vela:
{errseratvetre and ea�adel.n.d..cls1
149
1,2411
1.150
5,9511
:460
M.211f
A+nhallic a c ..papa rd narf b..e f.n.aiall _
645
3,(4vl
596
1 97n
1190
1,130
Asilwwd bdlan
2119
1.3411
-
-
-
--
Odwmiwdlom and
r
-
-
I10
:A3
71
271
Anal
645
2,Nw
640
9J941
IaiO
7,54AI
6Um.1d
I9
62
311
I u5n
^_Ti
91Y1
ToLA
I'%0
1020f)
3,71(1
2D300
5.(110
202"1
'Dpa � 1emn1.1 LO Lh e<.ipir-no diem. m.3 nM a&1 w ue.l. el--u
9..drhr ph#& ml pmhe seed.
7.du5a fiTL 1er1 and d1a rehiliulim Ilim.l. wl s0oa and .m amlml
Y.dalcs IIICdira
'lndudw p.alsalra qT ,,l x Uw s a t-AL - by r,d fac eal m-t. for I.mcrl-dams

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This chnprer has been pmpnrtd under a Atemornndurn of Understanding between the U.S. Department or flit Interior,
and the Division of Land Resourm, North Caralina Department of Environmenl, 1ltntlh, and Natural Resnurces, fne
collecting Infnraintion all nonfitel minerals.
In 1996. North Carolina ranked 18th nationally in
total nonfucl mineral production value,' according to the
V.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The State was 171h in
I995. The estimated value for 1996 was 573 1 million, a
less than I % decrease from that of 1995, This fellowed
again of about 4.6% from 1994 to 1995 (based on final
1995 date). The State accounted for 2%of the U.S. total
nonfucl mineral production value.
In 1996, the combined values of construction and
indvsninl sand and gravel and crushed stone increased the
Slate's nonfutl mineral value by more than S17 million.
But decreases in phosphate rock and gemstone values
more than offset those increases, resulting in a small net
loss for dncyear. Compared with 1995, the other mineral
cummndity values that .increased in 1996 were titose of
feldspar, dimension stone, crude mica, and talc and
pyrophyllile. Other nonfucl minerals that decreased in
value in 1996 included lithium minerals, common clays,
olivine, and peal. In 1995, the values of crushed stone.
lilhivm mincrak and gemstones, from the largest increase
to the smallest, led the way in the year's increase, which
was moderated somewhat by decreases in phosphate rock
and industrial sand and gravel.
Compared with USGS estimates of the quanfilies
produce in the other 49 States, North Cambria remained
the leading Sinte in fctd par and crude mica; first oftwo
States that pruduced lithium minerals and divine; second
in phosphmc rock; fiNs in talc and pyrophyllire; seventh in
kaolin; and ninth in dimension stone. While the Stale rose
'Tbe scions 'non Ncl mineral prpdrKuon" and misled "talus'
em=tpxts s--teals m meaeuPa. deprndms on the minerds or mineral
products- Pmdunion mar be mcmumd 6}r mine shipment, mineral
cou motlit.vcola. a marketable produaiao (includingeonsamgiae by
pmelu—s) as is arVicsMe to ft ind ividtra] mineral commod'uy.
All l996 USGS mineral production data pubtislied in Ibis
ciu]eermehimmamafFe6raerp 1997. Fasanecotnmodiaip(for
example, core m khan sand and pates, audtrd stone, anti portlamd
cement), enimare arc ardsned periodically. To obtain the most
csrrni in1nonabat4 pleat contact the appnprinc USGS mineral
comm Lliq specialist Call MINES Fas9adc at (703) 64114999 from
a fax agchine uilh a much -tome ha dsee, and raquess Doctmmt s
Irtra far a Wephone listing orail miRrnl commodity specialists, or
call USGS infanman al (703) 61840M for the spaie ices name and
number, This rdephonc lining may aim be mtric vil over the Intrmat
at hup:lhnis llerrusssgmhnimmILkomxWcnmdir-wnl
NORTH CAROLINA-1996
from seventh to sixth in industrial sand and gravel, it
decreased from first in third in common clays, and from
eighth to nimh in meshed stone. In addition, significant
qumtlitcs ofconsouction sand and gravel were produced in
the Stale. North Carolina mines have been producers of
industrial minerals exclusively since the early )970's,
paniculariysince the 1971 dosing oflhe Tungsten Queen
Mine, an underground ttmgsien mine in Vance County.
Metal production in the State, especially that of primary
aluminum, resulted foam the processing, of recycled
materials or raw materials received from other domestic
and foreign sources.
71he following narrative information was provided by
the North Carolina Geological Survey (NCGS) and
includes mineral industry information and news for both
1995 and 1996 (Reid, 1997), Common clays mined from
residual soils (saprohic) developed on crysinfline rocks and
mudslones from Triassic basins provide the basis for the
State's brick industry, According to the Brick Association
of North Carolina. North Carolina ranks first in brick
production. Thinnn companies produced more than 950
million units in 1995, worth appmximnlctySl26 million.
These manufacturer, supply t6%of all the brick used in
the United States. Material preferences for new home
construction in North Carolina in 1995 were as follows:
brick (33%), wood siding (26%), vinyl (135'), artificial
stucco (I )%), and othct,(17%).
According to the North Carolina Division of Land
Resources (DLR), the State recorded overall increases in
most phases of mining activity in 1995. These included
increases in the number of mining permits issued, number
of hectares pemiitcd and the total number of mitres. in
1995, there were 795 permitted active and inactive mines.
Sixty-two locme of these mina was sand and gravel, 16%
csnshod star; 51,16 brick clay, 3% dimension stone, and the
remaining 14% was from a variety of athcr commodities.
By ft end of 1995, 41,790 hcciares were permitted: 3216
phosphate; 31%crushed stone, 231e sand and gravel, 546
brick clay, and the remaining 9'a was composed of various
other cammadifies. Forty-nine new mining penmitie were
issued in 1995: sand and gravel (40), sand dredging (3).
crushed stone (2), dimension stone (2), gemstone (1). and
clay(t).
In 1995, the NCGS, the Minerals Research Laboratory
I09
(MRL) of North Carolina Staic University, and the
Carolinas' section of the Socicty of Mining Engineers
provided an exhibit entitled "Mining and Minerals in
Society' at the State Science Teachers Meeting. More
than 18 metric Ions' ofrock and mineral specimens were
distributed to the attendees. In a similar program entitled
"Down to Earth," the MRT, made more than 40
presentations to nearly 500 smdcits in western North
Carolina schools. Approximately 400 mineral kits, used
for education purposes in the classrooms, were distributed.
in 1996, the MRL and the NCGS received a gram of
S 10,000 to produce and distribute up to 800 additional
rock kits for use in die public schools. The Colbum Gem
& Mineral Museum. Asheville, NC, contains photographic
murals an historical mining and on gold mining in North
Carolina. covering the major mineral industries. Tile
museum also has ore and product samples and
photographs ofmining operations.
Potash Co. ofSaskatchtwan Inc. (formerly Texasgulf
Inc,), in Atronl operated the largest single -site, vertically
integrated phosphate mine and chemical processing
complex in the world. Phophate is ran imponant row
material for the fertilizer industry.
FMC Corp., Lithium Division, mines spodum ne, A
lithium ore near Besatm er City, NC. FMC is developing
a large lithium brine operation in Argentina. Upon
completion of this pmjecl, FMC intends to phase out its
mining operation in North Carolina. Portions of FMC's
chemical plant in Gastonia will continue to operate.
Unimin Corp. is spending more than S50 million on
new construction in the Spruce Pine area The kaolin
plant, once owned by Blue Diamond Coal Ca„ has been
demolished, and a new rnodcm floatation plant and quartz
leaching plant now occupies the site on which the kaolin
plant stand. This plant is slated for sianup sometime in
January 1997.
Feldspar Corp., a division ofZcmtx Corp. (Canada).
continues to recivme and expand its plant at Spruce Pine.
New dry gravity facilities have been installer!, and a new
floatation plant has been erected.
Exploration forgoid and base metals remained w low
levels, Ilse U.S. Forest Service reports that the drilling
activity begun in 1994 by Baltic Mountain Gold
CnJCominco Ltd. and ASARCO Incorporated in the
Uwhatric National Forest has been completed. There
have been no new requesu for drilling in this area. BHP
Minerals Led. conducted stream sediment gcochrmical
surveys on U.S. Famst Service lands in western North
Carolina during 1995.
'All tan are mehrle unless otherwise spedned.
Uceker Minerals Inc, received the Noah Carolina
Mining Commissian's anmtal reclamation award for its
reclamation project nn u 485•11mitue site which included
previously mined areas, future mineral reserves, the plant
site, waste areas, and buffer areas, During the life of the
sand and gravel opmior, 172 hectares were mined; only 97
hectares were required to be raclairned according to the
Slate's mining law. Bcckcr has completed reclamation of
all land affected by mining willt the exception of n
4•heelarc aren, which was scheduled for complciian by
early 1997, The company was selected for the awnrd
because of its initiative to upgrade its rxinmotion plan
through innovative land planning. Tic company's
reclamation efforts inchndcd a variety of land uses such as
agriculture, forestry, residences, wildlife habitat, and
recreation at the site. Tire project also received :m
honorable mention from lite Inlemale Mining Compact
Commission's national annual awards program.
There arc currently net proposed mineml exploration
penjeets in National Fnresm in North Carolina, &lost of the
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) prospecting permits
an the Uwhmrie have been dropped. Vengcnce Creek
Stone Co. has been approved for a 5-year plan ofoperalion
in mine quartzite building stone in Cherokee County. The
company expects to remove approainhatcly 3,600 tons per
month. There was no production in 1995. Onc lease
applicant dropped his BLM lase request to mine gold at
the site of the old Tcbc Sounders Mine in the Uwharrit
National Forest and has reclaimed his exploration wotksitc.
During 6seai year 1996 (July I to June 30). the
National Forests in North Carolina sold 75,657 tons of
cruslied stone and dimension stone for a vnluc of $33.927,
Most ofthis carte from two long4crm use sites: the Massey
Branch quarry in Graham County produced crushed
aggregate (7' 000 tons), and the Nall Mine in Montgomery
County produced building stone. Several other quarries
were still in the pcmnii approval process at yearend.
The DLR Land Quality Section (LQS) , in cooperation
with the Mining Commission, recently published lite
Surface Mining Manual, a guide fur permining, operalion,
and reclamation. The manual is meant to help mining
permit applicants to properly complete applications so that
the applications can be processed in a more timely manner.
It is also meant to help mine operators understand the
operation and reciamation conditions oftbcir permits. The
manual contains easily understandable infarmatoei
regarding (]).North Carolina State laws and rules, (2)
mining applications and operating permits, (3) reclamation
plans and bonds, (4) Sinio inspections and monitoring, (5)
recordkeeping, (6) compliance and penalties. and (7)
Federal and State agency contacts and reference guides.
NORTH CAROUNA—PYN

The manual is availohle, and may be ptuchwill from the
LQS, Its price far instate addresses is 550.00; for
out -of -Sane addresses, the price is S70.00.
The Mining Act of 1971 (GS. 74-46 to G.S. 74-74 )
requires that any pawn at firm wishing to engage in
mining that will affect 0.4 hectare (I acre) or more in
surface area rarest first obtain a valid Slate mining permit,
The LQS administers the Mining Act. 11 also administers
the Dam Safety law of 1%7 and Sedimentation Pallution
Control Act of 1973. Other permits that may pertain to
mineral extraction and processing, including air and water
permits, arc issued by Noah Carolina's Divisions of Air
Quality and Winer Quality, respectively. Questionsabout
the Mining Act or 1971 and ptarnil fees should be directed
in the State Mining Specialist. Land. Quality Section.
Division orlAwd Resources, Department of Enviroriment,
Health, and Natural Resources (DEHNR), P,O. Bon
7687, Raleig% NC 276t 1-7687. The telephone number
is [phone]. The fax nirmber is [phone].
The DEHNR published a guide to environmental
regulations madded "the 1994 North Carolina
EnvhOrimorital Permit Directory,' a general introduction
to environtnenlal regulations and an overview of
rrquitcnirnts governing the wise use and proleetion of the
states natural resources." 11 is available from DEHNR's
Small Business Omsliudmm'Enviramimtal Permit Center
(EPIC), P.O. Box 2762&0583, Raleigh, NC 27611.7687
at a cost of S7,00 (plus 6% sales tax for sales in the
Slate). The telephone number is [phone]; the toll
free helpline is [phone], A free summary
brochure contains a permil matrix, EPIC is a center for
environmental permit infatuation. Its staff helps
businesses and people identify the permits they need and
refers than to die tgrpropriale DEI INR agency to help get
them slarcd. The staff also coordinates preapplication
conferences, where many permit questions can be
answered. EPIC can be reached by a -mail at
[e-mail].
awr.ehnr.state.nc.us.
The NCGS provides basic geologic information.
Current studies include geologic mopping, stratigraphic
framework studies, mineral resource investigations, and
cnvira imtentat and engineering studies The NCGS
maintains a sample repository which includes drill core,
cuttin(;-� and geophysical hart hole records. Descriptions
of the repository contents are in a computer database to
facilitate information retrieval. The NCOS has a modern
heavy -minerals taboratary. Reports of invntigalions arc
available from the NCGS. A new index to topographic
maps was published in 1996.
The NCGS has various publications on mineral
commodities including asbestos minerals and talc,
building stone, cloy, feldspar, gold, heavy minerals, high.
alumina -minerals, limestone, lithium, other industrial
minerals, phosphate, silica, and titanium. Current
investigations are in progress for feldspar, gold and mica.
These rcpons and guidebooks focus on different mineral
producing dishicts in North Carolina. The NCGS also has
geologic maps at several scales but only about 6%ofthe
Slate is covered by 1:24.MD-some geologic mapping
Limited finding from the recent passage of the National
Geologic Mapping Act will help marginally to accelerate
the rule of geologic mapping of the State at the scale of
1:24,000,
Funds were identified reeemly to outlxorine work to
cumplete digital quwrtarquad (DOQQ) coverage fat the.
entire Starr. The leaf-ofFbbrck and white photography was
taken in 1993. Pixel rnolution is nhout I to 3 meters. By
yemerrd 1996, more than 1,400 DOQQ's, or about 33% of
the State, had been received- The initial focus has been the
coastal counties and the Piedmont crescent; them one being
cumcned to a formal compatible with a broader number of
geographic information systems as time and resources
pennit.
Applied minerals research is conducted by the MRL,
It develops new and inil..% placessa to extract minerals
from are deposits and conducts research far the
deaiopsnent ofmincral resources in Nash Carolina, other
Slain, and foreign countries. Projects arc undertaken as
sponsored (fce basis) of State-supponed projects. The
laboratory conducts sponsored and unsponsared
beneficiation projects on merry commodities, espedolly
industrial minerals, The Inhortuary. can conduct a wide -
variety of mincrail dressing and pilot -plant studies. its
facilities include mineral processing equipment mid
analytical support facilities for batch and continuous pilot -
plant research to develop workable flowsheets and to
produce large samples for customer evaluation.
The MRL has been active in several major research
projects investigating deposits in the Stator containing
quart/ feldspar, and mica. Activity on mica has been
especially heavy, indicating an increase in its use and
shortage of sources. Two cooperative investigations
betwisn the MRL and the NCGS were recently published.
Thew include inveriigation of muscovite mica in greism
rock ofthe Sims gnmiloid intrusive, Wilson County, North
Carolina (NCGS information Circuits 30), and potential
fetdspior resources in north -central North Carolina (NCGS
Opcn-File Report 95.1),
With the closure of the U.S. Bureau of Mina in the
region (Tuscaloosa Alabama Research Center) and the
pending changes in the Minerals Department of the
University of Alabama, the MRL emerges as one of the few
minerals processing research groups retaining in the
Snutheastem United Slates. To enhance its research
capabilities, MRL has obtained Inboratory and pilot -plant
equipment from the former U.S. Bureau of Mines and the
University of Alabama
Examples of current MRL projects include a
multiphase project to characterize fly ash produced by
militia. fly ash beneficiaticm testing Ily ash use in asphalt
and concrete mixes, and economic analysis. Recently, a
study of various glared, decorative effects on mhvare
using natural minerals for stains (chromhe, dolomite,
mngaetitc, Cie.) to help small potim was completed.
Farther informaion pat be obtained from the Office of the
Director, North Carolina State University Minerals
Research Laboratory, 180 Coxe Ave. Asheville, NC
28801. The telephone number is (704) 25 I-6155; the fax
number is [phone],
North Carolina Slate University's Analytical
instrumentation Facility (AM, pan of the Engineering
Research Services Division, has a modem, well-equipped
Iabor¢rory, it contains stac-of-ihc-art analytical
insoru mats which are available 10 characterize and to
analyze a wide varietyof materials. Pros iccslve users
should contact Alf as [phone] to
discvssnaterialanolysis and prices of analytical sorvice5.
The address is Box 7531, Raleigh, NC 27695-7531,
For man: infrxmadon about the Stales geology, mninaat
resources, lopognTbic mops, orthnphiADquadrantila, and
remotely misadd= contact the Notth Carolina Geological
Survey, P.O. Box 27687; Raleigh. NC 27611-7687, The
telephone number is [phone]: the fax number is
[phone].
The NCGS also has complete State coverage of
topographic maps and tmhophotoquadrsngles, a publication
list on the geology and mineml resources of the State Is
available upon request. An index showing map covcmne
is available, Maps may be ordered by telephone
(919-733-2423). by mail (North Carolina Grnlogicat
Survey, P.O. Box 27687. Rotciglr, NC 27611-7667), or at
the Sill floor Archdale Budding office (512 North Sntisbury
St., Raleigh). Currcmly the NCGS' Internet site
(hiip'llwww.athrstale.nc.usfFHNR/DLR/ JEFF/rock.ltun)
has more than 18 key acts ofirilcrest, including links to
marry earth seitamce %verb sites and its entire publication list.
Rdrnrice Cited
Reid r.C., Carpenter, KIP, Davis, T.E. aM Srmptr, T.L.. 1997,
Pwnva.d active aid Inwii%m mining eperaliaa in Nona CanAm as
of Nose ba Irx, Nnnh Cotonou Gmlagical Siusep Opt, File
Report 97-I, 19H9
TAnI.E I
NOW IQ. RAW MINERAL. PRODUCTION IN NDRSI I CAROLINA If 21
(Th.m .l mern. lat..4.t ex.iwd da— wile., ,KZ.rrw:r K�Tiat1
IW4
- 1993
Mixnl
Qu ddv
Vdue
pur,nn
V.1ur
puadir.
Via-
Clm,1r _
%53a
12.5n1
:;431)
R.5m
2.41K)
11,110
PeWm.r ...
ass
176
497
te.+rr)
5"
I11,917o
fl.
NA
565
NA
,Ain
NA
6Mm
Mica Marl
AN
3 :70
74
lkw
w
w
ttae
2I
w
19 41
344 4r
w
w
sa1.3.d mscl-.--,
C,Ktvnx,im
I1,11111
Sn,70i1
Injol
W,un
1130u
311,40n
[adwa;sf
1,401
24-ao
1,3311
71:)nf
1c4n
2emK1
same
C Jmd — .--.
53;9011 51
15I,[xx) u
D.31m
3114.000
P.M)
7p11�.I1
t7imauitm m irictm.
11,700 $1
12,San S1
41,1170 51
15,11srn SI
48.5a1
I64KK1
C4mbiinl nlx delay. (tnli j, 6nhimt mmemla,
al,viee. n�,hrr rack, rrrrse Idiretoant qwtrit .
..rdrnite, eIr><..t mi.mu4m„s t1434.9sli.
,,..,a, o_ wtv.h—actin-.t„t i., —A" Vr
15 t*n o
_ XX
-M-Dos
LLI3Vll
IdrYeLmiiiail. Ffll ij 1. NA Nor arailshle WwiaihdJ v, as34id dirclmlap.cun�uny rtrynxt4r3 Jute; vakuc inchatd wslh •CmlrbinN++L�e'dals
XX Not eMlksbl.
If Mellow a n.<a W by name hqn u, ntrK r.awe,.N, pm4slnn lsnch.licg r.,.,onys.m by pnvJ—).
u DrR ue r.n..i.r w atrm :prar,..n1 a;p;rr, tto7 war .a a Inl.l..M.n.
v Cyclttdr. rel.in der. •Rho incl.Jed with •Comliewl yd�' dr..
u Dra m,s.satgd � p44xatnim �a ro 199s; plv Tr.n dlil.txnt Jd. wKr nor tK rwmp..tJo
s+E.d=<ir.rn,rin srxtrr. y.h�rstrdt.k s,,;ts •ctvnhersl..s�•,w,
NORTI4 CAROLRIA-1996 211 311 NOR'111 CAROLINA—I",

1.
TABLIi 2
NORM CARO(.INA- CRUMEDSTONE 11 SOLDOR USED BY MODIKERS
IN 1995,13Y USE L
Q-tit)
(Nnusad V.hr. Ilnn
M.cadmm -
w
w
V 05
a
RFl..se.N'dw aiM
7:0
5$.1&I
117
Pinta
469
3,24n
6.92
Cnttx.ppepne. paler
C1v..pc.RCM4.. ><
4.5m
13.701)
7.11,
Bir".wrw apprtpne,iui.
1,31Il
low
Am
_ _
110- .a ..rtfaa-0c.ululst ltppcpa.
316
:21n
6,57
R.IwJh.11m
14m
1,140
1,9n
Ot1en tf&.kd a- ngrgal.
IN
w
1.56
kin. a ele (•iM ird11- '
S.�r. fanJ,.rga..e
139
794
371
Su.,e .atJ. hllwnmoef. mii er a -el
f")
1,INA
5.16
S..zarnp. trrdcfipf.ml
2JIM
II.Sno
586
C*1 fim&Fxmpat
- -
w
w
511
C.-.W Rl.:.l:pset!'
Oralcl m.d hax cr mh
l0,100
57,?00
5 P
Illg.. d F-d..afamp
255
1,74n
6 tr1
T.nmia, ved eg.r.ul.eFliFt.
w
w
11.12
Ctudc run nc Rll ltru aa.
Nay
4,9I[0
5,79
Dsl.v �x..d r...pyrcpif�
w
w
645
Other-sini-m.lcsi.l. 3!
991
7,4611
TO
AQiohual: _
__. Apnndrm.Fltmnmltc _
01)
W)
5,5,
PrnAity .W m-a fond
(jry
(411
5W
�xcndmnn iww _
(=1)
(41)
6.46
Il eJ: 57
A.n.sl _ __ _ _
30.](0
214,(M
705
w wyll".r".0 nm. -c -, a..lamy prq.n+sry ua":IrKl,.a,f u,tn -rxrcr
ms.nnirm maefefh'
11llxlwln dcnmuamarl, dnIfR1S[, prmlle, kal,esirc, m�Elanuan anne, fprar.:iu,
die. mp, ,lk aW -1-0 Cmj.-11n1YIl
11 Omu a.. mu.dd 1. ti- aipttrk- dipm may nd f M i. lutalf d....n
371ndulo d-. f Ills
S7wlthfrld kt nvi.l ditel.ong.nnia.e ptl7fptea.7 doer; uelednl in 'Trial.'
5; l.d.1u pinlfl[lian R(klfld uitfqul m IrcmFik.un by eml uY mrtd n1islMn for
�s
TABLE 3
NB`T11 CAROLINA- CRUSFIF,D STONESOLD OR NSCD, BY KIND It
1997
1995
Nnm1v
Q-,ahy
N.mh.f
Q mhly
.rf
(tl...>aW Vdi .
Iw .1
phnlar.l
Vaiuc
17n1
Num1
q.wtitl mom W-) (kh-s)
-1- rp" ,
m.u_,c xmf) Ilhnl. W.y
1a1vc
iii-w.lc
12
4.290 SlO"m
$69R 12
VIM
S1N'tuo
16.03
[hdnnnl.
I
245 ISIM)
697 1
265
1.11,11
(;.66
Calramu.mat
]
ill 73H
665 1
135
'Wi
69A
O,.nite
69 1l
40M rl 26TAW 17
640 71
41,1111
^_M.ml
66±
TmELl
7
3;)711 35.N011
657 7
4,54o
Infa11
674
Slav
3
w w
6 93 z
w
w
7.39
VnSeanie eilerly .rul aprh.
I
W W
704 k
w
w
7.21
rl
w w
6 41 .1
w
w
!, 7n
mi-11ana.r. aurc
1 11
W W
7.10 d _
w
w
7.2S
1! 11a+are r®nld N Iha f iprli6cfau difllt; m>)-nVl aId N 1rillf .1fo�n
TAIJU J
NOR11 I CAROLINA� CRUSFICD STONE SOI.D nR OSCb U Y 1110DI KERS IN 19'/5.
UY USE AND I2(5TRiCT 11
{Thwa0! mnrhe I[.r. mnfl thlm"nS .k1lafal
C--.EpreSwj-I U2mchI31
ass
3.5111
w
w
w
w
C--.pacmuap*Jed 31 `-
w
w
tV
w
LOP
in.)("
Fine aRpr.:�.1.1nl indtlu
W
W
w
w
194
2.0'_0
Cfume.rd Glee .msr.pate V
],Nlll ,
2100)
w
w
IN
w
hn Ixfrtfa.rrihammm-bW
3510
2.13(m
12,51m)
79,7w
2,N(Y)
15.31.)
xdlw.l 71
(w1
Ian
-
-
IN)
I
Sn rrr�Rfmu. ncf 97
(9t1
(Nr)
117
(N!)
.r-rd IIY
Anwl
07
1,7±0
(N11
(11)
IN+I
INfI
W W115hcfdMhnd duclfranpo.nl,.m Ii.iRf.161' d.ta. lncllslwl ti,rh'f7rlr.f e7r.IRK111.1 malgl.lf
Jill." ue rn.mdel Ind- vplirir-I dip., v.y r.. a.W hu 1u"1. d,rn.n
ylncn 1nfiLcsv. macslnn.m i.T-pLnlic".1 x
311rrA.47 cieQsta .w pal lm..m.). hrtwn-.Fpmpm. I-), tfih--, a.f .uraaneel tpFfrpac
,.ii-d hstlul, mJ nd,c pfa.id corfc 1¢F,rPm
Al ftad,.k..Idx un1 (a.s..f.l. rmpe fad 04ualeuwa, mi, M only, fqc L,; 1rpr3eapulrall, and Mher f,nc.pyneprte
M Igehalea palel m.d h.fe ur v home, ta7=. Qeq-,4.pp.pffc,.my. al fad-favnp. i,ffhe= ff.(n1
ma..] w OIL and Mhn rawm> A11 appr.•pae
611nc!"kf dim rd&
71 Fn.bA ..phrsshm.l Iimm- and f-llry pit -1 mi-I r-J.
N wuhldd tn-W dlfdt tmp umu7" p r,-ny der..; -h.ld in'11..1
97lfxhrle.0. f -ifial tun rot li.d.
I(Y IrwJaAmpltdwjm rq-md wflhl mhrcalalwn by ef.1 u�.1.f cVimrn f., n,nrcr�Alknl.

TABLE 3
NORTI I CAROUNAr CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVGI. SOI.D OR USED Rr 1995,
DY MAJOR USIi CATFGDRY if
frI--W
Yefua
V.I.
lax
maneun3
ftlxnurrJsl
ttm
Ctmcrac.ppmgaec and ttlnClcic M.I h
. .aMw:
],7Rn
SIa,rXMl
f7,75
urxcmlea nn aal uhv lgl,enCY'etl mivttoea
59n
1.77R
].Sa
Rne.1 I—-,d--ps 31
.
MA
]n±f1
155
Fill
H77
Z:S+i
257
Sr— aeul let v,ntrnl
Sn
154
5 I]
(),I" if
R_1
6.71W1
R22
U red 51
Av.t
2,1311
fjno
Kos
3,916
3 H6 ,
tt Lola ete tsxm.tnl u. tlrssx up,if eldipirs:mey nn ald to tnlall rhn..n
'J InduJo Eisety tnd MI, s 13
3r It.cluJo meJ en4,41 a alhiliaaw. (Irmcf
of IncA:l flew— end tailnlad hallen.
31 lul Wn lx1 lr im m)snrtd u-nMiw a hmW-m In cnd yr m d -timal lm umrz,,wmj.
TA➢LE6
NDRTI I CAROLINA: CftN iMiTCTION SAND A ND GRAVE]. SOLD OR USL'I7 IN 1995
OYUSEANDDIMICT If
(17---W annric tms enJ lT,—d Jnllva).
Oielrirl I
11<strxl
Z
Disrriol 3
U� mil-
Cr Ie eF rte enJ rnnvxre ns 7f 33R
VA-,
2,3An
0-61,
IS1n
V.I.
I'm
until
±,1:i1
Vefue
7a16
As attic cmcmle ak ed neJ har malmala 17 apa
2,SSn
J92
I.SW
1,71f1O
332n
Uhv mi. 11,—s—y 269
1"40
511
5.291
A
71n
Il did; Sf
Actual _
Gaimnd
_
1.130
11,7fX?
993
5 �(rl
203
Tm.l
I. M
2%
1.110
511
I Tau
1,31n
I /Date :x n.avinl M thta eiPrsifteaul Jiselr, may mM eJd to locale ahosta
7,290
3,140
24700
1,9s(t
IR,Rr)
'J Ixlutrs l.laty enJ pctsile eseda.
Jr Incluks fill, —d enJ,6a vahil'vatiml (lime), and e>•Dlr u.l iv nmteR+I
+r lrch.ln rill= l end r:ihnrl ha .
St Inclwld Ineh¢tinn nTnnt d uilhmu a hma W nun try end un ®J a ima,n fnr
mnvv)atnirnu.

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This chapter has been prepared under is Memoran dam of 1.lndentanding between the US. Geological Survey and the North
Carolina Geological Survey for callmling In fnrmntion on all non ruel rrinerals.
In 1997, Nnrlh Carolina ranked 201h notionally in total
nortiuel mineral production values according to the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS). The Stale was 181h in 1996, The
estimated value for 1997 was S758 million, a nearly 1 O;i instate
from that of 1996, This followed a 6.1% decrease from 1995 to
0% (based on final 1996 data). The State accounted far almost
2". of the U.S, total nonfucl mineral produttinn value.
In 1997, the increased values of crushed Slone, construction
sand and gravel, and common clays (table 1) combined to most
than affsel a substantial decrease in the production value of
lithium minerals. Smaller increases in the smlues of phosphate
rack and industrial sand and gravel also made significant
contributions to the Slate's net increase in nun Fuel mineral
production value for the year. All other commad ilies inerebsedin
value in -1997 except For gemstones, olivine, and peat, which
showed small decreases In 1996, decremes in the values of
phosphate rack, lithium minerals, and gemstones accounted for
most of the year's drop In value. Only crushed stone showed a
significant gain In value
Based an 1997 USGS estimates of the quantities of minerals
produced in the 50 States, North Carolina continued as the
leading State in feldspar and crude mica production; first art"
Slates that produced lithium minerals and ofivinc third orfour
Stoics that produce phosphate rock, frnh in talc and pyrophyllife;
and sixth in kaolin. North Carolina remained I Dth in dimension
stone; rose to Rib from 101h in crushed stone: and dropped from
Ist to 2nd in the production of common clays. Nortb Caralinn.
mines have produced exclusively industrial minerals since the
early 1979s, particularly since the 1971 closing of the Tungsten
Queen Mine, an underground tungsten mine in Vance County.
Metal production in the Slate, especially that of primary
aluminum, results From the processing of recycled materials or
raw materials received from other domestic and foreign soorces.
The following narrative information was provided by the North
Cara liars Geological Survey' and was based an pub]idy ovailable
'7herertm'nnfuel "sit -I N-hrcoen'r drdasal'vahnd'anmgrra. eiaar.r.
in tlranic;L dgendiny m 0. rnia¢alf rr mo<nt rma!nis. PruS,.oi" m.5 k
muxml b} mrrle.hipatenta, mistral-mmodity s@lea. M arrsauble rmxtuctirm
I-Uhop-maimr'iin n h7 prod-) m it .rpkmhtr w ate mdi.ila@1 mineral
axmm�tity, .
Atl 1997 U5GSi rrir-I rmlarrim dal@ pahl:. . in ihiadupta uc -innate a.
Ml.nmry ]99a- Fa sine tr@mualuim Irnr cxaapk, rdvmrrla .and ai.e prod.
crlsdrd trrltc,@tld putlandrazenaq.rbmr@td @reurdatdranrdxall7. TnoM�n are
moa..r" idi Lars Pha m the KI-1 ins MS minerm --day
.lcidirt.C.O MINGSFnti.rknj70316Ja-1799 frnha [aa m".,• strith @I(xKil.
rear hondses. and itq tit s oral a 1000 Pa . Idr7dirne liusip of .II miresal
tr nrnt<.I�n•.yari.liar,w..0 USGsid-irn.r0113)fwa-rlxidfir. atcq+rtialiaS
none red nua cr. 71is ldgihrne ti3lins nLaY @lac trirmmd ma the bdnTti @I
huplhnirml. tr.rap.tvr/mieeratyvniatrartr@n�lir.kml. Ail Mind buk"
tianr)-milurl rammrdiry. date. sfrl mold Iso ma to mvkvd by w y or
MINES Fntsack tv row a.r Insand a hlairJ+inin.alr ur.uspr v-brkuaat.r.
nterrrry 11-1. Chief Gnsdupin. 0rri.ian rrt.uvl Reanw,a, @wb W d. tnl or
.-A inllxmy tlXmmi;1rna ptrniJd hf the N .1h Carat ou amlopied sunny.
10-K mid company annual reports. Zemex is a niche producer of
industrial minerals and metal products. Its major products
include aluminum dross derivatives, feldspar, ferrous and
nonferrous powders, kaolin, mica, sand, and talc. The industrial
minerals segment consists of five wholly -owned subsidiaries as
!allows: The Feldspar Corp„ Suzarite Mica Products Inc.,
Suzoriie Mineral Products, Inc , Zemex Industrial Minerals, Inc
and Zemex Mica Carp. The group is callwively referred to as
Zemex Industrial hfincrals.
During 1997, considerable elTorts by Zcmcx were directed to
product development, marketing, capital expansion projects. and
product quality improvement. Capital expenditures for Zemex
were 59.9 million in 1997 compared with Si 1.9 million in 1996
and $9.7 million in 1995. Major capital spending in 1997
included the completion of the sodium feldspar facility and the
low -iron sand plant at Spruce Pine, NC.
Potash Corp. bf Suskatchewan (PCS) mines phosphene ote and
manufactures animal reed supplements. purified phasphanc acid
(used in food products and industrial proumcs), and solid and
liquid fcrf liras. PCS conducts its phosphate operatirms
primarily at two facililies, one new Aurora, NC, and the alher
now White Sprirtgsinnorthern Florida. PCS believes the Aurara
focifity to be the largest integrated phosphate mine and phosphate
processing complex at one site in the world. The Aurora facility
includes a fs-million metric-lon•per•ye it mining operation, four
sul (uric acid plants, four phosphoric acid plmtts, a liquid fertilizer
plant, n superphaspherie acid plant, two diammonturn phosphate
(DAP) plants, and a solid fertilizer plant capable or producing
DAP, granular triple superphosphate or mannommonium
phosphate. PCS produces high purity phosphoric acid at Aurora
in ajoint venture with Albright and Wilson Americas.
According to PCS, the annual production capacity of the
camp"', mines is currently 9,6 minion Ions ofphusphate rock.
During 1997, the Aurora facility's total production of phosphate
rock was 4.8 million Ions. The company generally operates its
phosphate mine and phosphate processing plants 24 hours a day,
7 days a week, using rotating shifts,
Phosphate rock is the major input in the compsny's phosphorus
Processing operations, in addition to phosphate are, the principal
raw materials required by the company are sulfur, sulfuric acid,
and artimonio.
The production of phosphoric acid requires substantial
qunntities of sulfur which PCS purchases from third parties. In
December 1997, PCS enlered into a 10-year supply cornmel with
on offshortt supplier to supply a portion of its sutfur requirements.
PCS produces sulfuric acid on site and generally purchoso very
['title sulfuric acid from unaffiliated stile". Sulfur and sulfuric
acid have been in abundant supply in recent years and remain so
at the present time. In 1998; the company may transport surplus
production of sulfuric acid at the While Springs facility to the
Aurora facility as needed.
Substantially ail of the phosphate rock produeed by the
company is used internally for the productian of phosphoric acid.
superphasphorne acid, chemical fertilizers, purified phosphoric
acid, and animal feed products.
According to PCS. its Aurora phosphate mine had estimated
proven and probable reserves of approximately 393 million Ions
of phosphate tack at an average grade of 3o.7% P70r These
resenes would permit mining to continue at cuneni roles for
about 75 years. The Aurora phosphate mine has an estimaled
annual capacity of 6 0 million Ions of phosphate rock and its
processing plants have the capacity in produce 1. t 52 million tons
of phospharic acid (as P7Os).
PCS r"eives ammonin for its phosphate operations at Aurora
through its ommunio terminal in Savannah, GA. The ammama
is shipped by rail from Savannah fo the Aurora facility.
A significant portion of the PCS phosphate reserves in Aurora
is healed in wetlands. Under the U.S_ Federal Clean Water Act,
a permit must he obtained from she U.S. Army Corps ofEngmeers
(the Corps) before mining activity that will disturb the wetlands
may o(cur. PCS requested that an alternative that would disturb
The least amount of wetlands be approved by the Corps and that
a permit be Issued. in 1997. PCS reaeivcd Its required
aulhonzations from the Slate of North Carolina and on August
14, 1997, the Corps issued a permit granting approval through
2017 to mine certain areas described in a Environmental Impact
Stalemcnt. The permit contains a section on well ends milipni ion
approach and methods regarding wetland im pacts assoctated with
mining coveted by the permit. PCS has recently acquired
additionat land adjacent to its Aurora facilities for this purpose
In order to demonstrate the feasibility of such activiles. as of
December 31, 1997. PCS had created at restated 979 hectares of
wetlands
In addition to the wellands permit From the Cores, the PCS also
needs additional nuihonzz6ans ream North Carolina to continue
its mining activities PCS Is required in have S141C mining
permits Iho1 contain banding and reclamation requncments. PCS
has n Stale mining permit for the Iuem presently being mined by
the company that is efYeclive through 2003. but this permit must
he amended periodically to add additional areas during this
period. PCS also holds another mining permil from the State for
the area of the property drat contains the wellands covered by the
permit Issued by the Corps, This Slate permit has bccn renewed
until 2005.
TABLE
NGNFUEL RAW MINF31A0. PRODUCTION IN NOR711 CA80LINA 1121
ffhettratd mancrrmrad IhrnnaWdWten mlleas reb-im rpeipar)
Fehlgrr nlctriCl
4'ntilln
184ien
41IMMi
I9;Iixi
Jxl.ixn
t9,001
[itnflxKe '" +
NA
a 44n
NA
(i9.1
NA
591
Mica, erode
74
3.6911
62
4.900
%
5.11511
'cal
19
3ru
13
111
II
125
bard ind £
lure clirm
lo,tno
5113(m)
111.00l
SO-90
12.Bin
Wboo
around
I'M
:1.9frk
IXX)
21.70it
1,550
21,rirt
tar;
l.'
57 311ry'
.tar tirxl
51„tin
394t1nn
rAr Jxs)
4&1,(exl
masmxt
41,101) V
15,4m 3r
17 IM
14.1m
17.5191
I4,SV11
Ca•ntnndl ae arc '!t naj, a
nlhine. phir�h+tc ail, sUrne (danwa gaaitak,
.ayl.xme, +late end misallanearn (1945)(. @d talc
and T"Tky4m
X%
:25.f=
XX
172.I0r
IY
144 (rrl
Ma
,Ian
XX
e'rr.l.xl
8'.0
p' Itidrmm@ry. NA NM -d-We 3794M apphrahle,
1111r, -urn ask ..W 11, mine t bMoru ala,ormsrsxuhlr pmdvctxm {meluhnr tr iusur rho In ra !unit)
'1 DaJ R rw.led to tl.ax rigmfidid dipiu; may aoi rid in least, Ibrmn.
31r-h.ln cerisin acne, lairs uxl.&A 1.ith'Cmlli-I value'dua,
NOR711 CARMNA-1997 I _ NOWRL CAROLINA--1997

TAIILC
NORT1i CAROLIHA• CRUSIPED StONI: SOU) DR USED. BY KIM I7
1995
I Y%
l2rvN,M'
lloarllT
of
(thrown!
Vdde
Umt
M
td—mw,1
Value-
Uni[
I:inl _�lur,icy
mNat i0w)
RhM.Ab)
•aWe
uarin
eaelrc rue]
1lhrvaalrrlal
rd
F.,rt'�ule
�
12
S,Gip1
I)M,M(111
...,.-tea
16.85
11
4-25U
$4),2(Mt
56.91
s
1
265
NAM
(1116
1
I31
Lilo
6-95
a
)
135
941
698
1
111
911
700
fi— t
7.111
a),fM d
2116.(Iuu r!
66,
71
42!07
I69.0m
6.91
as
7
4.5+0
1n.6m
6 73
7
4.SM
3 UM
694
_
w
w
7.19
l
w
w
735
va11Ua„e cedes wmia
I
w
w
7,.11
1
w
w
739
f),tanxne
2
w
w
6.70
2
w
d.'
709
f lax
kol
1 11
RR
w
57 sral
IN
InIM,
M 11(1 r1
e. a..a
1
—
w
a1—
w
........
11.1d
.—
e1O1�'F mtrrac,i Fo*7a ++7 um, mrn„ea In
v D,1, aa,: mtaFle! [e u,�;aireaa ai6i[,, m.l na wa,t, twda a,a,.,t
TABLE 1
NORM CAROLINA- CRUSMOSL 1,111, 1.D nn USED BY PRODUCERS
IN IY16,11YUSI'. 1171
(fe+Nlt,
(6lneaa.1
Valor
Unit
Us
eu,etnnal
(dw—yl)
•aloe
2n
sIlA
$691)
Rw-p and "T Un
61M
5,2I0
941
FA. arms
297
:0'+1
6 92
Ui e"—+Fw,Fw
aR
MI
7 52
I:uaR ,Fpepalt Pradoa.
l'maerrrt aRam'Fat.awe
7�9„
ia.5(a)
7)M
1)aeamtaa[, agpepne, mane
1,7711
14,AXt
M IS
maeeo a aa+e nea cFR et ue
1.240
%:01
7 ,d
palruat haax
1,441
T,afar
51a
larleaen.aeaatawaat
w
w
0.95
tm OPPWIlt wrA me ),
4n)
: nln
4,9M
Stme MNmmnrl mla a seal
743
4.220
5 6M
4Taeu4e,
1274)
7,910
62J
ee.FFtcprt
w
w
eft
Cep ■,d lalt
r n dtas . aala
M .nl
48.51al
5 92
j—m ,arl aart..p
591
1,680
611
TemaeW aFpq[rtc
w
w
I'_.95
LFUlW M o- , I I,r avaelr • —• •—
97l
5 65d
5 wt
U,heTlnane W fift.g In
w
w
5 a)
Olb7e dnoim mllmda 11
3,740
HOW
Ira.
WA I41) 5.Sr
on Wq d m
(at) (a') 60U
F1l1 (44 R.H5
(if) (46 r 61
31rm 223(1(a) 7,16
(.2TII 9.1911 6 a5
mrenda'
175,chrlo ealeaamaa mad.lhalanite. pmue. hlheak�, eeacdlamm� armc, ytrar[tlle. lla[c,
tr>Pnck wd avkstle mrkr sad aeri><
'l0xa sae romtdarl M duce aiprillcanl dqua r>�x aeil [aHe; row rot ,Ja w tad• ahmra.
.77 Fnehdea hpM+adRld aFpe+ale (aloe>.
u wl 1 h sa m a;,eF—g —Tent V,4wxtan am. mmHalel m •Tad
Sl hrchala ryaahe,im rc7aa,e! Itnhrgl a hrraW<nae hl atJ of ana with cuaoalea for
eluucga,rlm,t
NORTIICAROI,INA-1997 1 4 NOpTII CARr1LINA-1'M7

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TINEV E P
q: .

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This chapter has been prepared ander it Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Geological Survey and the
Narlh Carollnn Geological Survey far ealleethrig Information an all nonfuel minerals.
In 1998, the preliminary ntimaled valuel ofnnnfuel mineral
production for North Carolina was S785 million, according to
the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This was about a 68:
increase from that of 1997' and followed a 7.5,. increase from
1996 to 1997. The State remained 19' in rank among the So
Stales in Hoot nonfucl mineral production value, of which
Nonh Carolina accounted for about '^': of the U.S. total,
'The trnn.'mrftrd niamil ptr.arninn'-d mind'vshice swoop..
—iv—, In mcanms, deprndinpmm the iniroair v miaaal pr.doa.
f`mduclifm rare hem®vd t+y irk dlipmrnl., miemrl morsn.lny uln•v
masrrlfk prrJla:u� (nel.Jing at.ataattm f'7 t.Mltxral as is apydieahk
m thi indi.ilail mmenl csmmoJny.
NI I'YA157.5(i5 minoal rn.hdimt tiara puNldvl m ao. chspw am
y.climioary ea.aarm n of Felxleay 1799 and tin nyeed to lunge. For
rwncmnssal uanetwain-(fr 6"Vic, cmarfseimt.ard ant 1-1,
ewrhal IN—. -NAI pion Aid Kratai)." unri.—ur.Wrally. To
tamer the M" rl l ixrlrnfatiws, rit— ant.cl tk grpmywwt USGS
inmost aamotaaty rtviiliw. A tekphtate labf8 f a the q*r stias may be
r>n+d raw t><Irrcr,xt n k=r 7Aahrcdarepsvthnmm7ya.uscld
a,mlir.bml; ay urea M1fT1dCS fn➢acl n flit!] fr6a999 from a raa
machale ..rh a wrath arse hamtaet (nagaesl Dr�cumerd altssl fa a kkplrute
listing d all ureteral uxnlntdey qe id'ms T. arfry ull'mp ll5fi5 col urmatimr
.t t7o7y ust rem rer a.t s .tiw . n. a sal oast a. All l r—I t l uy
Sargs—miraat ®arw,lwy, 9lsr. nxlm�a7—d>n mty to rpatetW rap
Lhe lmetaa tl btp fan'awsalafnry.lxrlAniavNr, rammile alpin may he
odamd fnms h11NL•S F-R:t:
'villas. rtraaw.a saledatiafu, nd tines ere 1777tatr wcy rem the
.Iflwe»>t FearMoS„fro Aepwrm; f)ereae 11C71efn.r ll, aailp to We
mvm...dpmErniary 1?77 x, fnaF 1977 Asia Daa for 1998 am prtlinuron
sal r.px d tlrchmFe. t.hik relild rmliaps may al>.. lid m6ject to rhsn foe
In 1999, the increased values of crushed stone and
phosphaie rock accounted for most of the States rise in value.
The only significant drereases were those that occurred far
lithium minerals, feldspar, and construction sand and gravel.
(table 1). (Mineral commodity listings are in'descending coder
of change.) Lithium mineral production declined because of
the closure of FMC Corp., Lithium Division's, spadumene
mInc and lithium corbonate plant at Cherryvillcncar Bessemer
Cily, NC, ewly in 1998. In 1997. increases in the values of
crushed stone, construction sand and gravel, phosphate rock,
and industrial sand and growl significantly offset a substantial
deereaw in fhe value of lithium minerals.
Hued on 1998 USGS estimates of the quantities of minerals
produced in The 50 Slotm North Camlina continued as the
leading] State in feldspar, crude mica. end pyrophyllilc
production; second in common clays and second of two Stoles
That produced lithium minerals and olivine; sixth in industrial
sand and gravel; and ninth in crushed stone. The State was
second of four States that produce phosphate rock and eighth
in The production of dimension stone. Norlh Carolina minp
exclusively have produced industrial minerals since the early
197(rs, particularly since the 1971 closing of the Tungsten
Queen Mine, an underground tungsten mine in Vance County,
Metal production in the State, especially that of primary
aluminum. resulted from the processing of recycled materials
or rnw maleriols received from olher domestic and foreign
sources.
TAUL I
NONi[fEi1. HAws,IOVLRA[. !'RnNUCTfON IN NOIITI I CAROLINA It v
{ l--I metric tmis and a..n Ld dullan urd c POi—im rtecsfmd)
a8I'm) lm.oi1 467 (..1 18,7to 1S.41.l
NA 34a d NA 368 NA 169
62 A'rsl W w w w
15 311 w W w w
tn(%kt S0,5011 11. tree 61,2m1 10,1e.1 59,Snn
1.51x1 21,7t11 I.&X) 26,+fr1 1,6311 : ,2lu
Cndtd
57,1ao
394,lalll
1f1,7ta1
461,1;..
65 ntCl
5117,Itf.1
Dirwtma n-tic lino
37.100
Is•3no
39,3mi
t5,31n
42.71y1
144W
Cmabawl rat— of clays fsaodiaJ, Ikkimn adomis,
nlisinc, pinq+ttret.rk tale art f1-Tarh1IW' and
c�Eum iditatd T+Y .ymhoiW
XX
172,(%w)
XX
143,f%al
<X
Isµ,(%IL}
T,v,1
XX
689,M) it
XX
14I,fMIII
XX
US!%Mi
rrl'tdimmary, N RmaaL NA Nal a Jdahle WW0010d to Mid .h:losingarap.ytM'MMydna:f'rlat melded uith'Candarrd
alai data XX New gplicabic
NP--Lorin as n d by minx sI"caa, ode, R mrdetilrk pnduchrm lincladnp cavun+ptirm hY parlucent
J Dols.m mrrakd nth— nsrtif t aphs; may not > M In total. stoma.
TAIILL 2
NGIETI I CAROLINA' CRUSIIED STONE SOLD OR US M-. BY KIND I!
1996 pen
Ntnahv ()-m y Nmxlar Quantity
or itkmamat YOU Und of lrhnttsmJ Wa Iran
1
251
1,720
68S r
14-2
2p10
6(W.
3
131
917
7D1
70d
4000,1
283,tm it
68111 in
+a1910
31Uas)
7.211
9 rl
5.35n rr
37,9m1 r!
7 is; it 7
60(A
S lam]
7 as
7
w
w
73S 3
w
w
75$
1
w
w
719 1
IN
w
7.3%
w
w
7P9 2
w
w
7al
1
w
w
a I
w
w
hits
I! D— sec mania n does nsteffeem alpha, ma.tinl rhf of total. sh—.
NORTH CAROLINA-1998 151 35 2 NI71011 CAR01,1NA-1'1'M

TABLE]
NORM CAROLINA: CnIISHED STON[ SOLD OR USED GY PRODUCERS
IN 1997, BY USE 1121
Use
SUrrwvrr,I
metne um.)
Vdls
11ta.n...l.
I1RIi
,•alru
.ane ae ate('I IP mchl:
hlacad:m
28
$171
57.17
Rlfrap m.ljetlr xnne- _
679
7XII
I0.711
F,Tw mme 114J
Tab
231U
9,36
OLI= --,.Pnm
Al
3Ra
8.17
L'onaetea al�ndrx
3,3Jn
32,51x1
9,74
1Siluminna. aFartFate, asdrsc
160)
14.711n
8.115
15numiruma RrcfaceJrulmmis rn xc
I}J0
t4,fno
912
llaihu.d hallax
11J0
7,6140
5,33
01hn Fssdd mass rPpsPam
I Ns(1
I7,100
9,27
Stare svel nncnfe
226
1a90
6.40
Slrnc vnL Aluminou. mie m-1
658
447n
6.gn
Sermlm ,mKlc+l a!d
I.R(a)
11,91K1
7.47
rmle Cinea see
SSm
I n$n
6.61
es and liner am.
O-Sd anal lase m W1,
8.620
S9.jnn
AM
U. aralmW Eslfann
613
3.R4n
627
Cruder run rr Till urnauc
697
J,Hill
54H
(5lhenwac rsw F .FFeP-
1,89r1
Ir1.Hln
5 JL.
Ulhnclnatr —mascrial. 31
9
46
5.n
nnsltivW:
h�rlcvlsunl Iannlnasc
7
all
5 71
OUlrr sFrindwni vap
W
W
51113
sia1:
"
Allne dusting nr aod,raly lJeaesscns
w
w
6An
Li hluai t o 'E "M
W
W
999
C+d: 4,
Actual
36j[,W
257,01rs
7.07
W wilhhe!J m .s*�id dlxirang eanpany pn+pnnarr data; hrelwld m'TM°I'
1/ Inelak. dRlmnite, gl-asrire, Sim¢arne, miaallureela nose, r:y "`"..Imr, fsy+Is;Y4 arrJ
avlcalslc cilalcr wd ars+ria.
2/ bats est tansSel m Luce wpt(ir [digits. c.o�I urur tube. m.F 10 ak 101ou!, ahrtsas,
31 Indud. I— and e.l.ssed apFrgae.
V Ildl&lI r -r—i sml esttrnald nrodu licm uiilwut a lm:akdsnsn Inand nsr,
NORTII CAROLINA-1999
TABLE A
NORTH CAROLINA: CRU5f IFD 5TDNF SOLD OR USED NY t1R(71RJCIi115 IN 5797
UY USE AMJ D15111ICT 11
(ChraafanJ m¢rric Inns dnJ drnuuddJlssal-
Glstncll Dislarci 2 Ihrtr1{13
Us Qusrvity V°Il (ii—in VA- Qwnrilr
Vahu
Grnsmetam.FlseFr:a.
Cnand.FFrrFae(•I Ir2 i-hiy 292 2,330 44(1 4,600 SFJ
1,250
Coal aFFt Fac. pada131 2,2811 l6,IIr) W µ' W
w
Fine cprm;sla (.1M inch) J1 67C 4,630 W W kv
W
Cnars¢ rvrd fox aPF eme 51 27411 11,1111 W w W
w
Odra nmavn Im malmals — — 11,9'" H1,IsXs 7,4111
AFiculmnld 7 (71)
_Spe W 91 (If) f70
On. eei(rd_ IN
_
AeeuW 2,8}0 19,2(x) 70JIr5 1J7,nIXr 1Hn
[rVl
F�lirnsld 243 1.7811 75H
S.1hu
Tula) 91wn 61 21r) 127(Kl 2J5IKXI 21,W)
l(A.W0
W WI11hdd Iv a,oal diselesing sxlmpanr prsTrtielay dva: ixllWd saith'Uhc nmaructimr matnials'
1! Dau am munJd 1n Cptn sipsi(iam dipLLr; mat nut aJl n+Inuir shmsn
'J Uehaln CSIn sanrlc, mxslmy aipnp mi jnty stone, aw ahra naxs agFmgae.
771rchiln tmnl9ete rgpegne (a+eracl. hi°tmin+us aFpeFaie (uwrr7. I.itummuua sraC.¢elrcamal ap£rcgalc, tailma�l
I.H.u, ud ndra Feld coarse aPpgwe.
ar lxllalas some vw [eunneiel. x+mc sysd (hilummou.. mR sn sail. craning (urakaspaatdl, Bras rnitn (m¢ arFscFale.
Sl lsrchWn grsld maJ hue n yu4lpsye, lessaP and erpssd apps•Palr; tmpa+al mad mlfacnp_ ctwfc nm laclar
tnalc.id m fill), aw direr uraa arW (me agprgaraa
6! 1nc11aJe aFricullurrl limenrme and other egncullural van
71 Lev Ihdn I12 9niL
W Widda ld 1a nvW dislmirtg mnspa6)' prr(r" data; esciudd m'Taa1.'
91 !-hakes mine Ihuliug rR acd earn lmahnFl° arW liphlweighl agFmgale (slat)
Ird 1-41. rq".j anJ caimald pn.mslmn wnhatn I, Ireaksk�+In h) —d LL .
TAISLI; 5
• NORTI I CAROL[NA: CONSTRUCTION SAND AM ORA WL som) oil um;.[) IN 1 TJ7.
BY KWOR USE CASF.GORV 11
Qu. by
01-0
Vdtac
Value
• Us rr+ctmcl—1
(0u+uvnds3
Ion
C.arcscHe e(inlduJiaSesardl
aEfs¢Fat SA50
fi] 51q
ft.JT
Mm—w ne surds H0
1(K)
1.Sn
li+rr}ae lrr�dlxls[hlrcb.lricLs. Inne. decrnalisc, net .372
S,S In
4115
A hafuc nsmcrnea ae dndnha hilunirunn mialtao 6'JH
2,610
174
R9rl hose mJ m,vinga 21 997
5,7mI
5 Hn
Fill 7A 1
2.0B11
2.fl.
sour' aW im —Itml I
79
a ,A
al= trriscellerrann uan 3/ f,6 i 0
I A, t n l
11 29
Un: 41
aActual --` 2.hln
I3,9tfn
491
Enimald f79
3.2(rl
518
' Tnlal nr wlice ll,lW
612W
354
11 Data ue rtwNd lu Uvec vpsif 1 di Fite, esrrpt rah+c r, tin; nuy not AdJ tt+ 1, aA, ,horn
V Ird lade read and dhu xahiliul ion (cmmlI
31lnehdes TO ntien ad nilmd hatlaae
41lrsfudns rslrrtsd aryl mimcid pmd.I.- ari'h�rt a Irrst,dnun I.r —1 Ins.
J53 154 NOR 0I CAROLINA-1'1'1H
3

TAOLE6
NORn1 CAROLmA; CONSTRUCTION SANG ANDOTIAVT:L SOLD Oil t 15LI1 IN I991.
FIY USLANT] DISTRICT I
(TluwanJ mcolic tnm and 11--ndtlo11an1
Oisnct
I
District:
Qi9ric1]
_ Ux _
_ U'unliq
Val-
Uurnlll� Value
-- Vusntily
Value
Cnncrcu srpr alc mJynM le hltSllclaY
JI19
2,74n
i.nm darn
24l1u
H,nm
AA+Iu'lticcmarlC eF�ryale and maJ hax matrnalaJ!
1-1:
SO211
1NF I.21n
I,im
a:Sn
Oehcr mircu�nt,�ln ups+! _
nI
Inns
1,140 lr,snl
Ins
131
Urmfsk;fin151 "'_
20
I.m_n
xu rim
2.1111
lll.rnrt
TnlaT
L44)
10.9m
J3T4 Shim
S.A:O
:Jim
11 Oala an ---IA d In Ihrcc aiptifuant Juts, may 1r oJd Intrtlala sh—:
V Inchld. hl— end ytwl —1
Jl IncluJ . Of and nrad and mhn stal;lilm— Iccmnsti
Al lncladm filtraum. milmadlnlhm and m— and m amtml.
y1nahJcnrFv. d—I-c imaWtl ducllmtsi nulahtvlJnnnbyaW
NORM CAkr11.lNA—PMA 35.5

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum nrUnderurinding between the U.S. Geological Smiwey and the
North Carntine Gevingleal Survey for collecting information an all non Net minerals.
In 1999. Ilia preliminary estimated value of nonfuel mineral
production for North Carolina was S761 million, according to
the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This was about a 1',:
incicase from that of 1998, and followed a 1.1% increase from
1997 to 1998, The Stma mcrensed to I lath from 191h in rnnk
among the SD States in total aonfuct mineral production value,
of sshich North Carurina accounted for about 2% of the U.S.
total.
In 1999, the increased value of crushed stone, and less so
dimension stone, accounted for most of the Stale's rise in value -
Them gains were offset somewhat try des rcases in ph ospb me
rack, construction sand and gravel, and lithium mincruts, in
demanding order of change (table]). In 1998. increases in the
values ofcnished stone and phosphate rock significantly offset a
substantial decrease in the value of lithium minerals and smaller
decreases in construction and industrial sand and gravel and
feldspar, Lithium mineral production ceased with the 199E
closure of FMC Corp,. Lithium Mvision's, spodumene mine
and lithium carbonate plant at Cherryvile near Bessemer City,
NC,
'The tems".'smrlwl mineral rndun:vi mad Mared`sdla encompass
,v of ima an exanmp, Liep—linp ol.m th mioeds m mhw:rd pnuhaas
Ikwllxswm cosy k roduanl by cone amprncsJs, Irremd eXarsrw.5ty aka m
mad,L, lc rinluction (including aeX crmm by 1'aehseoa) Mai. eppiethre w,
Lk od v daal mll,nal arm vahly.
AR19"USr15.matt pnQucuondsa pahlillim in th dsaptm w2
r Munn iry m,assetrs ,J Mat V*. nd m —,.cod Lo chanpe. Fa sane
mnml owtimohlio, ash at Xaat>a.anon .mud arts to —I rod u%mhml mar,
currisr. ace up,Lrtd Te 'dk'%Iy. To 'A". Lk coma namenm idawm.tisn,
plea carnaca We gnm,rriaae usas mineral emm�sdsy pesuld_ A
mlrrin,se resmnp r.ra,c ar<c;.1ir. may he ,ssie+d Xna Lee Imerarm r t71u.
Mir llsnmaalaaaps In�kdrnrda4mm 4oesdirhttµ by using MINES
Farbxl at (7n11 rWg.y999 form a faro machiac with a ao,wh•,nnc luuvlrx
Ircquex GsuamcsX rIpIX1 row.Idrphmne Intinr[of dl awnad mmrnminy
sreeulitbl, cos by dlusp U565 df0le,WiM r (70l) W9.4000 f w tl,e
epecidiu'svmsc scot numty. All NUM-1 lnduaay 5wacya—minor!
nwamoda). Male. and a try —oho may Ie rdrieaai eon 0e tm—z n URI.
hmpJ iiicruls aifs.pud ovnerdr, facsimile copies may ha Adeusml from
MINES Fadlacl,
'Values, P.—sispe nladasrona and mnslnpafa 19" mat earl fra n ow:
Kimrals Yrntwe,k, Ara Rrtms: cowman. 19". Ynkne tl.aw to the
rnuaJn ufTaliminml l'MAea final 171R dra boar fat l999mpseliminmy,
ant ere exrecleJ sachmpe; mistuJ rankinpa may dm he wt jecl n chaspe
Based upon 1999 USGS estimates of the quantities of
minerals produced in The 50 States, North Carolina continued as
The leading State in feldspar, mica, and pyrophylli e; second in
cor"Muti clays and second of 2 States that produced olivine: and
seventh in industrial sand and grovel and peal. Whereas the
State rose to.3d from Sib in the production of gemstones and to
91h from 13th in dimension stone, it decreased to 3d from 2d of
four States that produce phnsphate mek and to Sib from 7th in
crushed stone. North Carolina mitres exclusively hove produced
industrial minerals since the early 1970s, particularly since the
1971 closing of the Tungslen Queen Mine, an underground
tungsten mine in Vance County. Metal production in the State,
especially that of primary aluminum, resulted from The
proetising of recycled materials or raw materials received from
other domestic and foreign sources. The North Carolina
Geological Survey' (NCGS) expanded the 'Minerals
InformaUoti portion of its Internet site, The additions include
(1) itifamralion about pemnined active and inactive mines
(including regional mine location maps, contacts, and other
data); (2)-geochemistry data and information (stream sediment
and domestic well and stream water geochemical duty for North
Carolina from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation
Program); (3) listings of historic North Carolina mineral
commodity data and geologic infarmation (located at the NCGS
Raleigh (Archdale Building) and Asheville otrices); (4)
infarmation about nblaining mining permits, (5) a list of reports
(primorily on industrial minerals) by the North Carolina Store
University Minerals Research t,abomtory. Asheville (URL
11ttpJ/—;v.engr.ncs1s.cdulmrL); and (6) links to other sites of
intertsL there is a renewed focus by the NCGS on Geographic
Informalion System (GIS) geologic map making, data bole
acquisition and preparation, and mineral resource studies. In
19919, work began on data entry for the National Geologic
Mapping Dolsbase. Additional information about NCGS
activities can be found on the Internet at URL htlp:tfwww.
g a o l ogy. e n r. sta I e. a c. us.
skrIny R.W. Soria i)eOppiss for Milwmh ad Gmpapi is Idumrisn
St'alesa,..hand Lhe 1w of.sacral indusi r iur—so. sdsminnl by 1M
North Carolina C Arpin! 5mrey.
TAIILE I
NORMI:I. RAW MINERAL PROt)1147TION IN NORM CAROLINA U $
rl'bousa:vl metre tws ssd dwxmuad doll- Imlm uthmstw: apsifwll
2,s(rl
,9fx1
2 liNl
a
10lH,I
.,wl
I
Ilw a
1(
7rMXX5l6ltXl
,
NA
36R
NA
WA
NA
9r:s
I l,lal
61,201)
1f1,'AXI
SR INrI
4. .
5.1,9fX1
I.N10
26 J(X1
1.4441
2i,[(xl
1440
24,R0)
64,3on a 1fm.orxl d 69.3ol Aw.lx)n 71,40o S05.0ixl
24,IG1 la_,IM 24.Ifw1 1:.siln al..Ylll 16.1[XI
mist rlatak}, divas, pen, pMgs6re rtst lake awl
laarisvrlae ,. XX 111¢Xl XX 146.100 ILK 132J"I
Total W XX 742,()00 el h7C 75a.IMM1 X.K 7( Um
rVI'MI inscy. efilni*d• NA rid naiWAe XX lioa aprlicahle.
!) I'nwi,e:sm as vwaamd M ,nine .hire, mka or maln+lRe 1Xr.lmwsim rinddap aaavmyuln t., pnbwcrl
J Dna sa rtaardol [n ro lamnt that dace atp:i6ranl diplr. may ram add n awsu ahtxm
TAOLC 2
NORM I CAROi,INA: CRUST IED SfONL SOt.D Olt LISED, nY KlNn 11
1991
1991
Number
Qu iam
Nmnte
Q--t,,
of
(thou-s!
Value Unw
d
tt}-mml
Value
I1nJ
Koul
Va*tsd
cm soul
rawas.mwhl -W
Ilaama
mdrielunsf
alllwsurXiu
tuluc
Limmda .."'
ii-
6x1u
s46,ip(yTs7.[it
a
Gam
s,1.719)
s(.(n
Dnbmtle
I
}o:
:01n or!
1
279
I.170
6(9
Granite
71 d
u,(Aq it
11$Y0 d 7.19 11
76
52.Rm
365,IXO
6.91
-
-- -
I
w
w
417
w
w 741
w
w
791
7,5m !k
7
6.SN)
11.400 1.114
7
6.I81,
+3,40!1
7 02
unc
3
w
w 755
)
IN
w
d7,1
VA—dnler rd smna
I
w
w 7.$R
r
IN
w
,.62
Mw acseam none
I
w
W It all
2
w
w
6 62
Tmalancnae
XX
64,100 if
4(A.rxl(1 rr 7.27 rJ
XX
(.9,700
480 MM)
6A9
rf ll euc 1. W widslseW M awrJ Jllebsinp mnls.rnq rn.rwieaa,y ,sale, vwldd in'Tnul' XX Nd arpl..hk — 7dn
UDra a,e Imewkal Yn no tram asm, arm aipsif cats Jipit,; aeay cow nLl ws wwala dn..n
NORTIl CAROUNA-1999 351 352 il5 GE111.1)(11CAL SURVr:Y MINIMALS YEARDEN)K-099

Mimi
N0RM CAROL INA: CRUSHED STONE SM,D OR USED iiY PRODIJCERS
IN 17JR, IlY USE 1121
1-h-aw
V.Iue
Uan
U�
mc41e 1-1
(Jxtuamuta}
rdue
Cn.lx aeFlaFale (• I In inch)
MacaJam
IN
W
S647
Ri wd atr more
542
$5.93n
In.91
F iha,ttmc
169
174(1
11131
011ty man. creme
114
ram
5.79
C-- rc. mdi
187f3 I7.AX) 9.43
1670 15 4on 9.19
951 7.R611 9 23
1.390 7 24o 5'_I
2,riln 23,11Y} 0,96
21 11610 1.22
735 5.240 7.14
1,1311 7.520- 6.67
3.16 1.530 5,75
5,9211 38,3n0 6 M
562 3,520 6.26
(31) nn (34.
613 3,7W 6.14
29dn ,13;4m 5.31
(3n (31) 6.79
5 2S 5Ja)
San (3f) 7.IR
45,71N1 3n6."Xl 6.70
1.99R 12.9U1 6.78
uac---1 unchmnAm P-y lamlulewrY tlma; lncludd,rM10,1l1.
N Data an•nnmdd Inmi,a.,re Ih.n lhacc riFnifcma di Fits, -Ma roil 10-. m.y-1mW Inw.l, al-n.
J R.W.W.- -I. dnIm , paenitc, limos ,niaall,a.nm Aanr, yuatile, dre, -r..L and
'oI- c 6.Lk7 mid acna..
V W ChhclJ In a,n:d d-11ninp aRal,may pttarnnary data, i .I WW in'Tnl.l'
J! RM-d.d ot'rmal-d p toll i-,nlllnut a 1-31dtn,n by rnl,nc_
TABLE J
NORTH CAP OLI NA: CRUSI If11ST0NF. Sol.13 O1il ISED n Y PROW ICER S I N I TM
L Y U5EANDDI5TRICT IJ
M,m-nd mnne i- anJ 11w,mI,J Jullmal
FNI ici 1 Dislrin' fhasnn 3
_ Us Qumtitr Value Oamlin, value O.-M, Value
Cnnsln,d- aARafal.:
Cna- ggmp.te(•I Ill inch) 21 I61 I!)'H1 W W W W
C--d .rprtpw padd N 2,37n 16 7fal W W w lv
_ I'm aFps p f-3T inch)d! �- 7)9 5.2III W w W w
C.- a w rrne acFrcc.lc -V 2.93n 17,010 W W W w
Olha culsrmcutm mrni•la - - 31,f,Ix1 pru e.IO :,.ltl 1'1:Axl
_AFncuh-1 N 5 25
Ung-r d:71 ��-
Accu.l � 4,520 31,91" 71 (AKJ IJI1. M In,2I1(1 Rf 1.15.Inn Rf
%alim.Id $73 5!7nn I,r}'_n 6.9111
TrA II.Im 7A.9()l 34fM 2rn[.In 21mn I62+a1n
W Wtd,hcldtn a,nsJ dtzhanFrapar.ny laopsimary dna. rncluJd nilh'plin a>n.wclRm mmerula' »Zoo
11 Dala are mJndd cc no mme Shan lhcae s piGcad JVpilsi map nm add In lnmla shmm.
V I-d-J s M. m ., m..,Ima nrrap, mad levy W-. uaJ other mu,.e qpF gme
II Inelu,Se.c,xm -n-ple(a,ane), 6i4unou,u..pFlcratc(Wu+ey. ltitum,nnva atnf-4 -71m 1.Fpccpsle, nr.Imad
halls. mdnd,ct v dd m•,r aFprpmn
JJ InclaJo auma cand Icmcmte7. sane wn.l (lrittmtmnua mll tw x.lj, xsceunp {unJcaipmm�tl. aoJ,rthp fine npprcFaic
SI Inclwlef eavd,p a7m 1s1st mrmal nr fillL Fradn3 mad lye n auhhsx. figlsll.nF3n .ppscpme Iallch amra."s,o and
c.{,razJaFFJrFs1e noiv,d mad m(xe,F,.d alhar coos ad f aFFmFam
d Incfud4a0mlwnl limeatnre
7t I(eT-x d and mlimmell rmlucnm „kI... i a IIre.Lahu,n �0_ -d nsc
dr 1ncluJq pnloctilm pnan un�fid Jirricta to •,mid Juclnsio.P rnmrary Incrcrnarp daw
MILL S
NDI(TI1 CAROLINA: CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRA V37. sam OR USED IN 199R,
9Y MAJOR Mr CATEGORY 11
QImmul
(1hm ad
V.I.,
Um1
Us
mctnc ln�+I
!Ihnutim�l
tal,c
Cc.rpels apmo.lc
3,530
116,110
SJ 56
_
Mad= Md Furvk sala33
IJ
159
6 SR
Cmepae acts ftlncka. hnc L>, t ,Jecar.El,e. ele.1
�..` 335
1,5in
4,57
Asrh.Itie nnCRle.FpnFrto ant us her Nlumonnu mj,w-
715
2.6....I
576
R-1 dac.ald mncrin .'J • ••
117
5:1rr}
5 R9
Fill
o8l'
1,29y
1u2
Snow mtd ix m mt
ft
3%
J 75
0,1ac7 miallanmva.1131
1.40
15.91a9
111 xy
17lJa1a iR mundCl In 4n mane Ihm [lylr stsminu t thpitc cunt eon
VTl W su.d andc.Iad r.hili=-Jfimcl.
3f Ftululn (Jmalirn and,.d ad lxillaa.
J1 Rgm,d..d cv,-dr hoiunuilhnm alnealJ,>•,n I., e,.J ate
2,410 11?0o J 62
197 I.SM 11n
NORTH CAR0LINA-1%9 353 is U5 GF+OLDGWAL G IRVEY MINUNALS YEAItDnciI,-39'M

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This chapter has been prepared under a Afemamridnm of Understanding between the U.S. Grntogicni' Survey and the
North Carolina Geologlral Survey for ealleeling Inforn.allon on nil nanfuet minerals.
In 2000, the eslintoicd value' of nnnfucl mineral production
for North Carolina was $779 million, based upon preliminary
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) dots. This was about a 5 .
increase from that of 19W and followed a 1.1 ti decrease from
1998 to 1999. For the fourth consecutive year, the Slate was
19th in rank among the 50 Slates in Intal nonfuel mineral
production value, of which North Carolina accounted for nbnut
2%oflhr U.S. lolnl.
In 2000. the increased values of crushed stone and
constnrttion sand and gravel accounted for about 724,i of the
State's rise in value. The values of feldspar and industrial sand
and gravel showed small increases (descending order of
change), and lhcre were dccrcases in the values of dimension
511nc, phosphatc rock, pyrophyl lite, olivine, and mica (table I),
In 1999. increases in the values ofcommon clay, dimension
Slone, construction and industrial sand and gravel, and
gemstones were more than offset by a S21 million drop in the
value of crushed stone and decreases of less than $5 million
each in phosphate rock and lithium minerals values, The
significant drop in lithium minerals value was the result of the
1998 closure of fMC Corp„ Lithium Division's, spodumenc
mine and lithium rarbonote plant at CheryviBe new -Bessemer
City, NC.
Based upon 2000 USGS eslimates of the quantifies of
minerals produced in the 50 Slates, North Carolina continued as
the leading State in common clay, feldspar, and mica; first of 2
pyrophyllite-producing Slates; second in gemstones and second
aft States that produced olivine; thins in phosphate rock;
scvenlh in peat and industrial sand and gravel. and eighth in
crushed stone The Slate decreased In 7th from 61h in kaolin
and to 101h from 7lh in dimension stone. Metal production in
the Stoic, especially that of primary aluminum and row steel,
resulted from the processing of recycled materials or raw
materials received from ocher dameslie and foreign sources.
'The reran. "aimfvct mittens pn.taelimi and retnd "raises tnuxnpns
vsnutun. in mean,cp, depadins ,qnn f ha minnala tar mivrral MAucts.
Finduetnm may k me.wed bra mh.e.lsiprnmu. e.1 emnmt.riiy ..Ira, w
mat.et.hte prndurtirm(todadrnp -awa xuin Im pradueersl as is sprticatile to
thein .-hisl inii-al mrnrroodrts,
All MIS UKS mineral pmil ruinm data r blislieJ isthuselsaracrare
,W ni4wy eslinuirs as of lady 2n1I end are e.recied w ch.pe. Fa wane
minced sayramndl4at. such a. rat ;.. rend.rid los-1.nil—b-dtlme-
esrtaMir updatol rcmWiealit. Tn nhtsin the rre,n cixrrnt iofmmaoon.
ptea.c amraer the rppalaiare U.S(lti tmrirral camaindtiy rpo<idin. A
idepl— hums ofthe qp idi.t, may he min—d rasa the laic ' at IFRL
hup-lMuarrdauspipevhom 0,/mviatx*omd'irinniL hi, uaiap MINfS
FaxOarla MI) 6494979(trues a fax radii xith a to home h—bei
ftegnan 0— aims far. klepbmx lisunsnf all mineral emnm,di)
.ryxcnlutal, w by eatdinp USGS informatina al [la)) r,7il.-tmo fur the
aprcialiniaaniesnd number. All Mimeml lnduary Sunns—mmenl
mem.vxlay, Sl.ir, and mmrtry—al.v may tin resriad river the Ftnrraci .a LmL
htiplh.+inmlaa+F+ p,vkrurnls; [acimile ers,ea may he nhtained fman
MINMS Fasllacl_
'Values, reremupe raledalnma, sari nns:inq. fa 19'71 m.y va7 frets air
Alinersla 5ealasal, Arts Rgem.. Oomesiie 17M, Vdeme Il,awiap to Ile
rtsuirm of prlbnin.ry I r>97 io final 1977 daa. Data fm'.aikl arc p.ciim'sian
sal re errand to troupe. rlrkd nntirrRs mar ilia chany�
NORTH CAROI. NA--221M
The following narrative information was provided by the
North Carolina Geological Survey' (NCGS). In January 1998,
Zemex Corp. acquired Aspect Minerals, Inc., a muscovite mica
producer in Spruce Pine, NC, rinse to Zemca's (The Feidspar
Carp.) reldspar plant where byprodutl mtriMlilc mica is
produced. A capital expenditure program to retrofit and expand
these Facilities, under Zemex Corp.'s subsidiary, Zemex
Industrial Minerals or ZIM. war completed in the end of 1999.
Because arm shortage of appropriate feedstock, this plant was
placed an care and maintenance effective December 31. 2000,
Zemex began grinding barite in 2000 at its old marble
grinding plant in Murphy, NC. The brittle is mined and milled
by a contractor and trucked to Murphy. The barite comes From
the Sweetwater district, TN.
The Icings Mountain Group mica operation, formerly a
division of Franklin Industries Inc.. was purchased by ogtehay
Norton Specially Minerals, Inc. on December 2, 1999, Oglebay
Nation primarily products dry -ground, wel•gruund, micronized,
and surface -modified muscovite mica at two operations located
in tangs Mountain. NC, and Velarde, Ntf. The icings
Mountain faei lily also produces coproduel kaolin, polassium
feldspar, Wdspalhic sand, and industrial sand.
3M Corp, announced plans for a quarry an a 73-hectare trace
south of Piusborn, NC. The company's mining division uses
The dark-eolmed rock in manufacture ran firig granules, which in
turn are used in the production ofshingles. Core drilling
continued into late 1999. and some additional core drilling was
completed in early,2000, Construction arts roofing plant was
estimated to cost about $50 million. The facility should be
completed by 2002. 3M was eligible for job creation, worker
training, and investment lax credits as part orstale incentives in
allract industries. The roofing granules will he colored in
ncoiral shades including blacks, blues, browns, and greens,
General Shale Products Corp„ U.S. subsidiary ofthe
Wienerberger Group (Vienna, Austria), purchased the Cherokee
Sanford Group LLC. Cherokee Sanford holds a share of 5%in
the U.S. brick market and is the sixth largest brick producer in
the United Slates. The company is a market leader in the
growth markets of North Carolina and Maryland and operates
five facing brick plants. The Iransactim was completed
February 10. 2000, for a price of $81 mill ion.
Vulcan Materials Co. quarries were recognized for
beautification efforts in 2000. Six of vulcari s quarries in North
Catalina and four in Virginia received awards for Their
bcautifrcalion efforts from the National Score, Sand, and Gravel
Association (NSSGA). The Clem Creek and Morgamon
quarries in North Carolina were recognized as Showplace
Awed winners in part of the NSSGA's About Face awards
program. The Boone, CabwTus. Elkin, and Gold Hill quarries in
North Carolina were recogniud for maintaining their status as
sfeffrry Reid. Sailem 0rnlrgnt for Mineral. tend 6eo1faraie Irdrarnauon
Syuratn, authrrd die ins of roirKn! iarfi.stry itdvmui.m ardmiaial by the
thatfi Cavleia Oeolopieal Sauey.
M
"showplace"quarries, The Showplace Award recognizes the
highest level of achievcmmT in quarry beautification.
A large emerald unearthed 2 years ago near Statesville foiled
to sell at a New York auction on December 7, 2000. The 18.8-
carat "Carnline Queen" is considered by marry gem experts to
be a rare combination of size and quality for a gem produced in
the United States. The stone drew a high bid of S460,000,
which auriion officials said win below the minimum they had
set for the stone. The stone was col from a gaff —ball —sized. 72-
carm uncut crystal from an abandoned mine site near Hiddenilq
in Alexander County, NC, in 1993. The some crystal hod earlier
produced anoihrr huge emerald called the "Carolina Prince," a
7.85-car4t stone that win sold to a private buys in 1999 For
$500,000.
Subsidence (the sinking of land) in a residential area over
abandoned underground workings at the Phoenix Gold Mine,
Cobarrus County, occurred during February 3000. Subsidence
was rapid in the case of the Phoenix Mine, where the ground
collapsed over a period of less than 2 hours The Phoenix Mine
last produced gold about 1905.
Government Programs
The NCGS began assisting the Land Quality Section with
mine permit reviews (new and renewed) in October 2000. The
mine permit applications, other forms, and contacl information
are at the Land Quality Section's Internet web site at URL
htlp:l/d[r,cnr,sialenc.uslmining.hVnl. A list ofpermitled active
and inactive mines is at the NCGS' Internet web site at URL
hup:l/www.geologymr,state.ric.us (link through the "What's
Newl" page); updated information in the list is available from
the Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources, 919-733-
4574.
Geologic mapping continued with Federal matching funding
from the STATEMAP program. a rnmponeni of the National
Cooperative Geologic Mopping Program (NCGMP). The
NCGMP distributes funding through three progmms: (1)
FEDMAP for the USGS, (2) STATEMAP for participating State
geological surveys, and (3) EDMAP for training future geologic
cartographers at mmiversilics and colleges. The NCGS has
received STATEMAP funding through a competitive grant
process smint the ptogmm'z inception in 1992 and hm ranked as
l of the top 10 States for funding almost every yew since then.
To dole, the NCGS has received mare than S985,000 during the
past 9 years, Because the STATEMAP program requires $hat
I fl
every Federal dollar be matched by a State dollar, almost S'_
million has been allocated to the NCGS for geologic mapping in
this program_
The NCGS has concentrated its 1:24,000•sca[c detailed
mapping in three atws: the Asheville. Henderson. and Raleigh
30x60•minuie quadrangles These urcas are some of the mast
populous and rapidly growing regions dr111e State. This rapid
growth has accentuated many geologic -related problems
rmefuding tand-use and itir sinrctum phannmgi mineral resource
identification —particularly construction aggregates; and
environmental assessment and planning related to highway
construction,w tic -disposal siting, and ground water
conscrvotien and devefopmem An adequnte understanding of
the geology and mineral resources of these regions is needed to
help resolve these problems
The National Geologic Map Database (NG41D) is a
component of STATEMAP. Compilation of the North Carohna
portion of this database has resumed. Additional information
about the NGMD is at the Internet web silt at URL hitp:/l
ncgmp.usgsgov.
Digital geologic map data layers continue to be produced
through STATEMAP. Digital reromagnetic and airborne
Bouguer gravity data layers we being developed The [985
Geologic Map of North Carolina was scanned and is on the
NCGS' Internet web tine at URL hnp:/hvww,geology ear.
Still cnc.us(Follow links at the"What'sNcwl" page). Digtml
data layers for The 1985 Geologic Mop of North Carolina we im
preparation.
A North Carolina aggregates dolabasc rs m prcpnration Data
that arc being compiled include the geologic map unit from the
1905 Geologic Map of North Carolina, as well as physical and
chemical Test results from the North Carolina Department of
Tsansponation Materials Testing Laboratory. These data nee to
be compiled in a digital data layer.
Now exhibits m the Museum of North Camiina Minerals will
introduce visitors and students to regional geology and to the
mineral resources of the region and State. The museum. At
Milepost 311 on the Blue Ridge Parkway in Mitchell County, is
stated to receive a new wing addition and multiscnsory
interactive exhibits in 2002, In addition, [he National Park
Service, in cooperminn with the Blue Ridge Parkway
Foundation, plans to provide curriculum -based education
outreach services as part of ils "Parks As Classrooms" program
There is no admission to the museum, and the Rnnger-led
education programs are free.
U.S orolro rICA1, Si iR Vf Y kIINlillni.s YtAR[IUOI:-2(XW

TAnLL 1
NONFUEL RAW 1.11NMAL PRODUCTION TH 7 MAMI CAROLINA 1131
IThauued md.ic Intl. atd tM.tcvnd J.Ilaa. mica nhvw ae g4ifid7
2.311D
II.NF]
2430
16,700
I'm
19,7110
7R0m
36.030
351,000
Ir.jon
394,001)
16,1MM5
NA
96R
NA
IAA)
NA
W
It1.A1n
SR,O(MI
IUal
62.9m
12.31k1
69gal
1.4111
24.Im
L,t 70
27-W
1.670
27,51M3
69,7rM1
tROSMM1
67,0MI
a39.(lm
74I,101
491,000
26-IM
12,5m
3471311
17,700
44,7m
16.9011
Cn b1W "hm d0.yf a"bft), Idleit.. t..m-t. (199RI,
mu (muk), chsim. rs t, r .ophal. rml.I.Troph5Rna. and
.alm mdir w 1. aa7nb.1 W XX 146.01711 XX 13SLOW Xx 139,1MM]
Tm.l XX 73000 XX 742SMM1 X7( 77910)
p11',0maarl. NA Nnt a. ailahfe. w WRhheN tolTormu7dau.+.I-a aafnef&u
XX NM appls.ble.
I NW wtim mmonenj by nary dirmla f. ulm m ma(ktuhTc pn kmiam (uclediep mnameplim by Fndntznl.
2f Due nc m.mkd Io--m than tfore npmnc.nt diplU; O.a1rol add lotnul. d.wa.
TAALE2'
NORTII CAROLINA: CRUSIIEO.sIONF. SOLD OR USED, RY KIND If
IwN
1999
Hunter
tZ..nlily
NMI.,
Qmintay
nI
(11-mad
VJ-
11nil
ai
(lhmu d
Val..
U.ea
Kind
rp,-e.
merit aural
IIh--d.)
-I-
wndn
m.bu trios
Pc 11 nhl
v T.e
..�
Lir-lllw
.� 11
6.110^
S4t.7M
S660
1n
r.'m
St0,7F11
S6.70
Ddmm.t
.1
279
1,870
669
1
354
2,360
665
G-Mt
76
S2,RIN1
.m4jx(1
6,91
77
Sum
343,m)
6.N6
Cal.wa+..n mul
1
W
w
4.17
1
W
w
al7
(Ataanta _I
W
W
7.93
1
w
w
N.nS
Trg-1
7
6,IFA)
43.40
7.02
R
S.RIo
41JM
7.16
Stale
3
W
w
6.73
3
W
W
6 W
Vdcnie und' Q serve.
- -I
I
W
w
6.62
1
W
W
661
Ati.Wtll a.mua rntt
w _
w
6.6.1
3
1Aso
SStO
527
Taal m mxrw.
3LX
69.700
4110.1va
6 R9
3IX
67,(m0
459.IMri
6.85
W Wdhddd to aavW dieclninyerngmy Iwpnn.y dal.; imW&d io'T.W' XX Nol.Mb-hic
3f 0A. arc-jw n m emit oh. thtet .ipnirl i dipiu; may nn edd I...nlala ah.wa.
TAME3
NORTIICAROLINAI CRUSII. STONE SOLD OR USED IIY I'ILODUrLRS
IN I'n'1. NV US[ II V
Q-o'cy
jthwa.d
V.I.e
t11tiI
U�
mend tnnd
.-...
Rl..avnd.l
raker
C.rnrt.udim•
C-eRPnfft(+I I imh)-
,
pl"..
w
w
$3 rl
_ _
Hi a ..d- Wane
SRf
i5,51Na
1n97
Fihm.te.e
_ W
W
11174
OtAarma.ea�m. _ _
269
2.Sirl
927
CnaR.fMaefne, Fadnh
Cmcnlc .RR1e R.Ie_ ma>< ---
1,71N1
17.IIN1
959
lui-i- .17mvec. mrx
1,6911
16(NXI
1+5
I>:Ivala,.ne.m/arnrlcunml,Raeanc
w
w
905
... Rnlr.ad h.R.! .--.
1.2311
6.65n
$ ill
O[hg pedal[ r>e.R/te7ale
A270
75.9m
R40
_
Fm SpEgele (•3A Inch).
_
Sl- wad• cannel:
227
I.5')n
7 (Ml
sCl�ant u�nl. hitm.ime.. mix m Raj
W
W
7 %
S�R(Itn f.t.dt.ip.m -
1,31H
N,Ri(1
676
Other tine. ue
1.12h
M,aln
753
c..t:.nd r .acrs.ae,:
Ondad.�.rua:RwlM..e "- �
6Pro
at,jon
677
U ed m d ftff-F
2%
1,4A1
7.17
Tema fed c.Inratl .emfee
W
W
2).95
Cm&%cT mmfMLar w.Ac
561
.1,390
5.98
OIM mRrR endf elrprepatef _
1.040
15,(M
19.1
-of�taetlxlm uteri.la -
(3f5
(3q
C..79
AeaicnimraT _
r Att-b l li-ln
7
ul
171
�rllwO ln_t.rol roi-a (..a - -
w
w
3 VI
atntMOoral afea _ -
9
TI
3tt
_Othm
S(.edi.l.-r,.p P-i.
(Iq
(If)
3111
Oltsnmi.nRanedue u.eL liOduliglt fFRleM•le jdaley
_ pR
(Irl
7_17
1 Sssg.ecifd. a7
A1,7W
276FMa1
66I
Fsii d •
zjln
14,900
611
--. T.+.l-.-- _-
6711M
459.Onn
685
W WdaneNl m nroad dm] Mitp UMelwny pnq.aury d.la; MIWW W=-U1[.er -
tf Dau m %a. k b e. [Hate d- [htec aip.ulSu..I dipil., -r4 and -1-. m.r m1 add 6. I W A. daman.
211R3.do dltaene m.rl, ddmtipe, prwa.. llmnlme. me Jlmnuf.Innt. gnaalmc slat. w.r-L..nd
wlumo andn nd -m
}! w.IhluW to rvnid di.dlmnp aeep..y pmlwxl.ry data, included m'Tnul.'
11 Repmed.nd aumd pndudim Rilh.ut .6mkdow hT end um
NOR TII CAROLINA-2ron 353 354 115 OEOLOOICAL SURVEY h1INERALS YEARNOO6-I1e%I

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THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
Thts chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Geological Survey and the North
Carolina Geolagical Survey for calleeting Information on all aaarurl minerals.
in 2001, the estimated value' of nonfuel mineral production
far North Carolina was 5744 million, based upon preliminary
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data. This was unchanged
from that of 20nOl and follmved a marginal increase From 1999
to 2000. For the fourth consecutive year, the State was 191h in
rank amrmg the Sn Stales in I0101 nonfuel mineral production
value, ofwhich North Carolina accounted for about 2% of the
U.S. total.
In 2001. the largest Increase in value was that of crushed
stone, up about S7 million. But this and other smaller increases
were balanced oul by a larger decrease in phosphate rock, a 54
million drop in the value of construction sand and gravel, and
several smaller decreases in other mineral commodilics. In
:000. increases in the values of crtsshed stone (up S lO million).
along wish smaller Incrrnses in feldspar, industrial sand and
gravel, and pyraphyllile, more than offset decreases that
occurred in pllnsphale ruck (down S 15 million), cnastrucHuh
sand and gravel (down S4 million), gcmmtanea (dawn 52.5
million), plum several smaller decreases, resulting in the year's
net Increase.
Based upon 2nol (JSGS estimates nrlhe quantities of
minerals produced in the 5ft Slates, North Carolina was the only
pyruphyllilo-producing Stale, and it continued as the leading
State in common day, Feldspar, and mica; second uf2 Starts
that prnduced olivine; and eighth in crushed stone. While the
State increased to Slh from 61h to kaolin and to 103h room i Jill
In dimension stone, it decreased la 3d from 24 in phosphate rock
and to Bib from 71h In htdustrial sand and gravel. Additionally,
the State was a significant producer of ennsrructinn sand and
grovel and gemstones. Mrml production in the Slate, espaclally
that orprimary aluminum and rase steel, resulted from the
processing of recycled materials or raw materials received from
other domestic and foreign sources,
The following narrative Information was provided by the
'The rmau "aoafael minnal pryduetion` and Mans'.alun' enrampns
radniont in mceninr. dcMndallr openthe 11101=1h or intend pmdacts.
Mrductinn may he menaced h,, rum daprsums, ninsral mranut,lin sal es, oe
muteli le peoduclion(inclaline coastuaprian by ptoduccrstas uepplimhk la
thr trdirlded runnel crosmaooky.
An 2001 USri5 miarral production darn puhlishM in rhh chaplet are
(rcelinsirury nrimnes et oTAupusl2m2 and are rapxdrd mellae,ae, Far some
mince] mmmndsems eh n carntruetionrard end pnwl,ennhed uunr,.nd
rar lend csmem, rltimoler ue updolcd pn Wired ,. To nhlam the most curr"f
mrwtnniws, please cannel the epprvprior USUS minrrat eoanmadrly specialut.
SNchlin roam inru xliaa may hs reatered amilte lanemet or URL hop,
rh"hersh.ulam-Earhnae40malecnlceadlrhunl; ahemaiively, specialists'
moron mJ rcl"hnnr not ahvs mry In; nW ir" by omlltnr 115GS ianxmmiva
n(T9.;1 Fa F-etr0a or hyrmllind the USGS F�voh 5oenee inarmalm Center
W 1414111-A5J;-Uses (2734747i. All Knurl lad" Surreys--mwtcral
earerrradity, Sulr, and ouninf dw may be ndrtesed can she tntemn m UAL
hllp.rlmincsds.mra.pchrrinnNs.
'Value, pclnmart edmlalmm and n iWairs F ZON mry differ from the
Minerals Y-1-1, Area "rtr Durnenic 20ML Volume 11, r wiAC en ale
reridan orrujin, eery 2o00 so fmd 2aaodata. Oafs fa lo0[ era prelimlmry
and are upend as chants; related rarAMss may alto chance.
NORTH CAROLINA-2001
North Carolina Geological Survey' (NCGS). PCS Phospliate
Co., Inc. (PolashCorp.) set production records. purified acid
production was 169.000 metric tans (1), which was _0%
greatrr than the previous record; h)'droflontsilic and (IIFSA)
ProduC60r. was 7.479 I (100`.: strength), which was 16%gruaber
ihan the previous record. A purified acid plant project began
in March 2002; a facility in Charlesasn, SC, was scheduled to
mrcive an acid shipment in Judy 2002. Full production startup
is scheduled for Match 201. Adrf tianol facility enginecrinj:
and equipment updating is in progress.
According to PCS' amuat report, diammonium phosphate
(DAP) production was cut bock at the Aurnra, NC, plant along
with that of other producers. The company's purified acid plant
production was consolidated a1 Aurora in January 2002. Antrim
now Pmduccs the acid for both the company's Aururo and
Cincinnati. OH, plants. Because ofAUTora's vrrtical initgmtion.
which offers cost savings. PCS has investrd 380 million to
expand by 50% capacity at Ihu Aurora purified phusplume
(slant. Mnrh of the output is sold under contract for industrial
and food grade products. Also PCS is building a S51 million
plant to produce 144,000 metric tons per year of the poultry
feed ingredient de0unrinatird phosphate (DFI'). This plant will
make the lowest cost DFP in the wnrtd; much of the produelior
will go to offshore markets (PotashCorp- 20n2§'). The plant ir.
slated For startup in mid•2002.
PCS achieved i million hours worked wilhont a loss time
inittry. Prior to that, it had achieved 9.9 million hours until i1
[lad one lost time accident,
The Wildlife Habitat Council certified Unimin Corp.'s Green
Mountain olivine production facility near Burnsville. NC, in
2601, The Council is an international nonprofit organization
wurking to improve wildlife habitat un company lands through
cooperation between companies. the local Cilennnanitics. and
environmental groups. The Grccn hlountuin operation joins
three other Unimin. NC, operations (Marston. Red I fill, and
SChan(h0use Plonls) that received ceriifrcalion in 1999. In
tatol. Unimin has 27 facilities in the Unilad States and Canada
certified by the Wildlife Hahilat COLmcil,
Sumritc Mineral Products Inc. (Pan of ZCMC.s Corp.),
Murphy, NC, continued grinding ofsmail quantities of barite
imported from a1ennessee mine.
Vulcan Malerials Co. was ranked amnng the top (0 cnmpru ins
in the United States for social responsibility in Fortune
Magazines "America's Most Admired Companies" list.
In March 2002, 3M's tuofing grnnule production plant waned.
and full production is anticipated by mid-2002. Row materiois
were being mined by the Luck Slonc Co. The operation is
located south of Piltshoro, NC.
'Jeffrey Hcid, Smkr Genlosal frrc hliaerau and Gngcaphie tnfarmauvr
Srnrrm, maliamil the test or miueral ladusrry lnfurmmwn submiard hq Ihu
Noah C—Liom Geotrig-1 Survey,
'A rrferrvrcthe includes s sreliuo lwnl (f I u faaad in the Inicrnn Hrferome
sired sentaa-
351

North Carolina brick manufacnncrs supply approximately
15:: of the Nntion's brick supply. Eleven companies produced
more than 1 2 billion units in 2001. With a notional output
afnearly 8 billion units for all manufoeturers, Nonh Carolina
ranks first among the single State producers. Other major brick
producers include the Stoles of Geargio, Ohio, and Texas.
Hendrick Industries wan top honors in two National Awards
Programs (Interstate Mining Campoci Commission and National
Association of Store Land Reclamationists) that recognized
public outreach in education efforts in 2001. The North
Catolinn Mining Commission's Award Selection Committee
selected Hendrick Industries as the 2002 Mitring Stewardship
Award winner for its public outreach efTorts in wesienl North
Carolina. Hendrick did an extensive exhibit at the Colbum
Minerals Museum in Asheville, NC. It also has a community
advisory council that conducts open houses at its quarry
operatiom in the western pan ofthe State.
Zemcx Mica Corp- located in Yancey Co.. NC. won three
reclamaliun awards in 2001- These included the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources' Land Quality Section
outstanding Mine Reclamation Award, the interstate Mining
Compact Commission's Honorable Mention Award, and first
place from National Association ofSmle Land keelmmntionists.
Government Programs
Two new segments, "Crushed stone (aggregate) resources
of North Carolina," and "Buitding stone (dimension stone) of
North Carolina." were added to NCGS's Internet site., These
will be nFinlcrest to academia, industry, and government, and
are found under the "What's New" part of URL httpJ/www.
geology.mr.stute.nc.us. Both segments pmvidc virtual quarry
tours, product information, location of operators, and contact
information. The Crusbcd Slone Resources segment provides a
summary 01`30 years of production and value for crushed stone,
construction sand and gravel, and industrial sand and clay.
NCGS sluff continued 10 assist Land Quality Section staff
With mine permit review (new and renewals). Mine permit
applications, other forms. and contact information arc at The
Land Ouabty Settion's Internet site at URL hltpWillr.encstate,nc,usl
mining.htral, Links to a list ofpetmined active and inactive
mines in North Carolina as of May 8, 2M2, are an the NCGS'
"What's Ncw" page (fallow (ink from the NCG5 home page
at URL hitp:l/www.geoloMr.enr.state.ne,us). Updates In the
permilled mine list arc posted periodically throughout the year,
a€ttmativeiy, clients may contact the Land Quality Section for
Updates.
Mining permits are a good gauge ofminerals activity in North
Carolina. A synopsis consisting of Interact -based tables and a
Microsoft PowerPoint overview is available at the NCGS' home
page via the "Minerals Information -and "Permilled Active and
Inuctive mines, updated May 8, 2002" links..
NCGS released a CDROM publication entitled "Mines and
Prospccls afCabarcus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Staoly,
and Union Counties, North Carolion," Open -file reports 2002-
2007. These reports conlained maps of known mine focatiaris in
the six North Carolina counties and wrote prepared as planning
aids for local governments and privaia citizens. Publication of
the maps and data was prompted by subsidence over abandoned
35.2
tmderground workings at the Phoenix Gold Mine, Cabarrus
County. NC, during Febmary, 2000.
Mining for gold and other precious metals occurred in the
18th and 191h centuries at hundreds of locatinns in North
Carolina and into the early loth ccrtury at some localities,
Although relatively rota, the potential fro domag€ag subsidence
will increase as urban growth spreads into once sparsely
populatedarras where underground mining occurred. Public
owarencss, zoning, and building perm3l requirements cart help
reduce the risk of damaging subsidence or injury. A report of
investigation is in progress about resiticmial development over
the abandoned North Store Cold mine workings, laeatcd near
High paint, NC.
Recognizing the nerd for planning nfavailable oWcgatc
resttarces for the future has prompted industry, the Stale
govemment, and imiversity agencies m Fortner with the National
Academics of Hriginteling and Science to develop collaborative
research programs. The initial studies, which will take about I
year, arc expected to move loward a better understanding of the
need to plan fur adequate Nture aggTegmo supplies.
K•T Feldspar Corp., owned by Imerys USA, Inc.. signed an
agreement with the Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation to support
its edUcatianol activities and to sponsor the Museum nfNorth
Carolina Minerals. The Blue Ridge Parkway is the most visited
site in the US. National Park Service system with more than 20
million visimrs per year, The museum's objective is to educate
children, residents of the community, and The visiting public of
mining's contribution to society and the modern gtiaiity of life.
This is an excellent opportunity for K-T Feldspar, a mica and
feldspar produrer, to participate in rducatinnal activities related
to earth sciences and to further display its commitment to the
development of its employees local tDinmunit its.
The Museum of North Carolina Minerals building renovation
was scheduled to be completed by July 20(M and exhibits were
undergoing devciopmrnt and should be installed by the 2OD3
vis€tars' season that traditionally starts in April err May.
The North Carolina Geological Survey, in cooperation
with North Carolina State University, University ofNnnh
Carolma-Wilmington, University of Nonh Carolina -Asheville,
and Western Carolina University, Continued detailed geologic
mapping funded in pan by Public Law 102-285 (National
Geologic Mapping Act) in the Raleigh, Asheville, and
Headman. NC, areas. Rapid growth in thew regions bns
accentttated many genlogieaelated problems, including land -use
and infrastructure planning. miners€ resource idenfdication—
particulmly construction aggregates. and mvirnnmrntal
assessment and planning related to highway construction,
waste disposal siting, and ground water camCrvotioR and
development. Further information about the geologic mapping
in North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States is at URL
htI p:l7 n gmd b. u1 gs. gc vl.
By action of the North Carolina General Assembly, The
topographic mapping program was restored to the NCGS In
late 2DD1. A comprehensive phmoinspection program was
initiated an all 7.5-minute quadrangles east 4vf110° W. Inngitudc
Ta the Atlantic Ocean using National Technical Means imsgcr).
Expected de€ivembles are the minor revisions of 100 of Ike
States 953 quadrangies. Products will consist of paper maps
and digital raster graphics. Each State dollar is mulched by a
O.S.000Lr1CICALSURVEY hnNCRALS YF.AROMM-20ot
Federal dollar in a cooperative program with the USGS.
The North Carolina Minerals Research Laboratory (MRL),
in Asheville, a unit of the North Carolina State Univcnity's
Cnllege of Engineering. conducts minerals process research in
industrial and metallic minerals for clients worldwide and also
conducts Sinic-sponsored mineral process investigations. The
MRL conducts extensive mineral science nmrcaeh programs,
including ruck kit distribution In western North Carolina, In
200M 1, mien and quartz continued to be major minerals of
industry interest: The MRL conducted studies on the following
commodities: boiler ash, clay, feldspar, By ash. kaolin. iron
oxide, mica,, phosphate, pyrophyllhe, quart; sand and gravel.
smeciiie. and tantalhe.
The MR(_ initiated a cooperative industry, academic, and
Slate agracy project to evaluate the production arlipbhveight
aggregate from high -volume solid waste in %vestern Nnrth
Carolina. The objective is to use high-vnlume solid waste
generated by local industry to produce a value-added and
environmentally bunign product that will assist the Slate's goal
of solid mvaste reduction. The Cool is to construct a commercial
lightweight aggregate plant located in wrswnr North Coroliun,
Further information about MRL. staff expertise, and laboratory
equipment is available at URL hitp:lhvrvsv.cngr.ritsu.ednHmrU.
Internet Rtference Cited
PotashCmp, 20u2. PourhCorp is rise lewen-eon psoduset, Am Ovmw,r or
PnlashCarp aW its tndrstry 2C07. seressat Ns—kr 2tk 20ol. A URI.
hupJlvn.w,y�atuhenrp,eendmdiary,duapk merknV Indnnr}_orerriewr
20112_o+crvi—pdr
TABLE I
NONrtlEl. RAW kIINrRA1. PRODUCTION IN NORTIt CAROLINA If21
(thetnmid creme tore wad lhausner dollars unless odserwrme specified)
2,11n
Ik7oa .
2.4311
111.600
2A30
11.660
1111.00
16.100
w
%k
w
w
NA
1-960
NA
372
NA
20U
w
IV
W
W
ss
sJ%D
1116M
62.907
1Law
59,100
IDAM
50M
1,470
77JUD
I'm
2113Do
1.62n
Me"
67,0W 439,000 69.500 47x.0I1a 61Jflli 493.00'
54,71`0 r7,7na su.5011ir,,mm 44001) 163n11u
M-phyllrte 1-61, and u*mq_in_d_iemed br nnsbal W - XX 17x,1100 XX 14,1.D a XX 116,000
Tonal XX 7+2,_uon XX 744.1410 XX 744MA
prlheisakeory NA71n... llhlc. WWiddicid lmewW dacMioe compeny prepriesny dox: values indmW weh "Cambinrd.alves"Ova
XX Sat sprdiuNe:
I/ F4odmclian m meuured hymloe s6iprttemr, sefrs, art moakgrMa pioducrion Ihreludina evmmnplian by rmdvrasl-
1! Dara we m ueded ism more than threw soifiusn digits; may rat add Is tatate stmwa
TABLE 2
NORTIICAROLINACRIM I613 STONE SOLO ORtISLD. By KIND
19" _ ?Pan _
N—ber Qowdiry Number Qamniiy
Of
laissatand V,1 L'att of Slhwaaeal V.6. Una
sand Damn.. moils tnlssn .,,—msdsi ralre m— meaietoml fibnomoll salnr
1
3s4
2,30 6.63
1 3ZI
3,170
6.66
76 r/
5n,onD
Jil loan 6.11E
76 51.2as
3KNIG
6 R7
1
W
W 6.Do rr
2
N
W Sol
Z W
N'
x.I9
7 rf
5.13011
37.1nn If 7.14 U
6 5,33n
.17,600
7.J7
211
w
W 6.610
2 W
W
661
1
w
W 6.61
1 w
W
661
Dour ve romnded to no more duo three sirrdlicea digits: may scot odd to Ioteh shown.
NrXMI CAROLMA-2001
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9
/

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OE NORTH CAROLINA
This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum of Uaderslanding between the U.S. Geological Survcv and M a Nurlli
Carolina CeotagimtSurvey fur collecting Inform Weir on all non Intl mlot rah.
In 2002, the eslimaled value' of nanfurl mineral production
For North Carolina was 5701 million, based upon preliminary
U,S, Geological Survey (USGS) dale, shout a 3: i decrease from
that of 200P and followed a 1.5% decicose from 2000 to 2001.
For the sixth consmulive year. the State was 19th in rank among
the 50 Stales in Imal nonfuel mineral production value, of which
North Carolina accounted fnr about 2!: of the U.S. total.
In 2002. crushed stone remained North Comlina's leading
nonfuct raw mineral, accounting for two-thirds of the Slates
Iola] nonfuel mineral value, It was followed by phosphate
rock. construction sand and gravel, (ndusirlal sand and Gavel,
and feldspar. Whereas industrial sand and gravel and loolin
showed increases in value for the year. most other nonfuel
minerals mmoined rt]mively unchongud or showed decreases In
production and value.
In 2001. the largest Increases occurred In the values of
crushed stone (up about 57 million) and cnnslructinn Bond
and gravel (up SZA million), Dimension Slone, pyrophyllite,
gypsum, and peat (descending order of change) also Increased in
value. Thc most signi4eanl decreases were Those afphosphate
rock (down about 512 million), common clay (down about 57.5
million), and industrial sand and grovel (down slightly more
than $2 minion).
Baud upon 2002 USGS ell imates of the quantities of
minerals produced in the 50 States, North Carolina cominued to
lead the Nation in feldspar, mica, and pyrophyllitc production,
accounting for 42%. about 5o%, and nearly all. of the U.S.
total output, respect ively. The Slate alsn remained third of four
States that produce phosphate rock and eighth In the production
of crrshrel sinne. While North Comlino lnerrascd to Sib from
thh in industrial sand and gravel and to 10th from 1Ith in
gemstones, it decreased to 241 from 1st of two olivine -producing
States and to 30 from 1st In the production of commun
clays. Additionally, the State was a significant producer of
'The urns -Wheel m`ietel produmian and Witted lalrra"rncvmpast
vmsllml in astwi , dependMs wpm the mtsenh w mtrnerat producu,
1'rfniaam may be meamed by none skprio-U, mrrcrsl cnnvm-0s7y u1n, m
matlrlable prudagion (ixtoding cmuamprian by paduam) n is eppllnblc to
the irdiridaal minetal emion4sy.
All 2oa2 USGS raiw al prodealoadata puhlithed inctor charter me
Mllminaty athaatn in of Jrdy 200 and — expeaedw 0-are. Cm a"'"ion
sand and prevd and ctefesl stone nsimnes asr up"rd p"imtiulh-, Ta atnahr
ft mare emnm inlormrtimc phase con ict the pfirm we USGS mineral
rnmrnadile specidin. Spada it eoeun Womral ion may be rtd rvrd river
the rmi—i in URL bapilinirm-Ai mp.M.1 mfQnWrow.rvro.ndlt heal;
ohetrrrirely, ip"mIl o' nettes assd telrphoot rnaatrers may le elnnnrd by
crulrta I ISGS mrarmatien a (7n3) 61e.4110flat by canine Our USUS 17 rah
Stir In1prmnimCanerm141111-ASK-1305i27e-1147)An,tinreu
Indmtry Suners—mbetet mmmvdils, Stale, and evumry—afro my be
retrieved own the Iwemn In URL hnp Ihnbserah.,dirs rntinnatr
'Virlm, pererraare ambrlmn, and ranitnp fort 2001 mry difrn front the
blinrtnl. Ynrhool,Aen Repmty roaresltc 2001, %1— If, —iea Ionic
re dint of pWllmmvy 2001 W FaW Not dna Oat. Ian 70T eta ptrhmitmy
and re espcoed m chmpc tatted eahigs may era chaaee.
NOEM l CANOLINA-2002
construction sand and gravel and dimension Alone, Metal
production in the State. especially that of primary nluminum and
raw sleet. resulted from the processing of recycled materials or
row materials received from other domcslic and foreign sources.
The following narralive infarroation was provided by the
North Carolina Geological Survey' (NCGS).
Cnmmodity Revlew
Alcoa. the warid's higgcst producer of atuminum. suspended
production at a plant in Stanly County and eliminated 377 jabs
became of difficult business conditions during 2002. Alcoa
slowed production at its Badin plant before idling the facility on
August 16. Casting operations at the plant ecosed on 13ccemher
31. 2002, The Badin plant had operated since 1916.
Zemex Corp., a producer of feldspar. mica, and quartz -
announced in March 2003 that it had entered loin an agrecmenr
with Peru's Crmcnius Pacasmayo S.A.A. fur a Pacasmayo
subsidiary to acquire all aflhe outstanding common shares
of Zemex for a cash price ofs&.go a share. The valmc of the
transaction, including Zemcx's debt, was about S too million.
The trousanion became effective by the rod of May 1003,
'Ihc MS. Forest Service reported about 63,00o metric tons of
mineral praduetinn during 2002. This prndloe ian came from
seven permits in Cherokee County (dimension Alone), Clay
County (sand and gravel), Gotham County (dimension sure and
sand and gravel), Jackson Coomly (dimension sfonc), Macun
County (dimension sions), and Monignmery County (dimension
stone),
On August 23, 2002, 3M Co. hosted a grand opening and
public Inur of its tooting granule manufacturing site. 'llrr B i
-
hrclare sire near Piltsborn in Chatham Comity emp]aycd abaor
01 people. The Luck Saone Co., adjacent to 3b1, mined a grecn-
colored andrsile that is used unsite by 3M to produce ronfing
shingle granules. Luck Stone also blends volcanic lufli +with
volcanic tuck types for aggregate use.
Three brick plants in North Caralino use robots. Two of the
automated plants were near Raleigh (Triangle Brick Co: s Merry
Oaks plant and General Shale Brick's Brickhaven plan). The
other automated plant, operated by Triangle Brick Co,, was in
the Charlotte area and is known as the Wadesboru plant.
General Shale Brick announced in Febroary 2003 Ibal it
wit closing its 74-year•old Burlington plant and moving its
produciian to Sanford. At least 45 workers will lose their
Jobs. General Shale Brick, the Nation's second largest brick
manufacturer, also said it planned to invest Acverdl million
dollars to incmmc production at its Brickhaven plant in Sanford.
which was built in 1996. When the upgrades arc completed
Ilel$ry C. Itrid. Senior Oevloain for hlianals mW Omps"ic Infor"hn
Syrttms, wthm it the trot orete Gar Maori ind.un tnronavum rrarided 0.
the NoAh Carolina C,ee100od Survey.
ITE

in 2003. the company expeell to boost pmduclitm at the plan,
by 5iY/. to 90 million bricks per year. Because of aulomotirm
at the Sanford plant. the Johnson City, TN -based company
will not hire any additional workers. The 40 employees at the
Brickhaven plant make premium- facing bricks for bousing and
architectural bricks toed in commercial stnlctums in North
Comlina. South Carolina, and Virginia, General Shale Brick
holds 15.4%of the U. S. brick market share, according to the
company. General Shale prick acquired ilr Sanford plants in
2000 when it bought Sanford -based Cherokee Sanford, the sixth
largest brickmoker in the Notion.
Government programs
The Noah Carolina Stale University Minerals Research
Laboratory (MRLI in Ashcviile completed a report entitled
"History of Mining in Western North Caroline." The
publication contains firsthand accounts of the hismy ofmining
in western North Carolina from interviews with 12 pioneering
minrntls-prucessing veterans. The report emphasizes feldspar,
mica, phosphate, and quanL The MR pilots 'a,past the report
un its Imrrnet site of LIFIIL hrlp:l7ww5v.enUA;;su.edu1mrV.
The MITI. also canducicd studies an boiler ash, clay, feldspar,
fly ash. Camel, iron oxide, knol(R, mica, phosphate, pumice,
quart; sand and gravel, smecti,e, and tantalite. The MRL,
in touperation with the NCOS, was close to compicting an
Wcgmled anincrat-processing and geology repmi of a glass sand
resource in Richmond County.
The most rccrnl mine permit statistics are for 2001 when 886
mines were permitted Crashed slime (143 mines) and sand
and gravel (579 mines) composed the hulk of pesmined mines.
Other permitted mines were in brick cloy (43), dimension trans
(14). flag stone (7), feldspar (6), gemstones (7), insirrnm sand
dipping (27). instream sand dredging (33). lithium (1), mica (2),
olivine (6), other (borm%v pits) (9), pent (3). phosphate (2), and
pyrophyllile (4),
Hedrick Industries Inc. won the 2002 Mining Siewar&hip
Award In the public Outreoch and Education categories. The
company won the award for its outreach efforts at the Colbum
Minerals Museum and at several of its quarries. Hedrick
Industries also won the 2001 National Associaliun of State
Land ReclOmalianiSW Omrcoch Award and The 2001 Inlerstalr
Mining Compact Commission's Minerals EdueHiao/Outtrach
Award.
Vulcan Materials CO.'s Cobams Quarry in Cobarr s County
was the 2003 winner of thr Mining StnvmdshipAward in the.
Public Outreach and Environmental Enhancement categories. it
was the first quarry in North Carolina to receive the Wildlife and
Industry Together ceaifiiralian from the North Carolina Wildlife
Federation. The company developed a Boy Scout compg o and
in the buffer portion PHIS quarry operation and created various
bunerfly ganfcns and wildlife habbas throughout the site, with
cooperation from Stale aril Federal ogenric3 as well as the
surmunding community.
TA13LE I
NONF WIL RAW hnhrtML FRODtrr_'f7UN IN NORTH CAAOLINA''=
17howmd memo tmes NW shoo,"W doom atm arbnw;,r epeeifiedl
2a[tp
2a01
2a02r
Sdiaerai
gtalurry Vdec
Quantity
Valor
(7vmltity
Vale=
faa5r. '
Cm1°^Q"
2 +70 11,6m
2,340
11.100
2,nno
10.400
Raclin
W W
47
%7'
41
11.
Fddgm—vktnae
w W
3{J,000
194011
141,000
IV,2aa
(7emom..
NA 372
NA
2"
NA
290
CoTsurs, rode
— —
71.
711
64
ill;
Mir& auk
'A' W
51
3,190
40
3,06a
Sad and ravel'
Cu,ol.odiaa
Moon 59.1011
U.4011
A],SOn
It3nn
57JPD
IoJersrtial
1,410 21.300
13W
26.W0
1,T60
29,70a
Smarr
CcmF.d
69,JN7 47k Mfl
693on
.inS,Odt
O'Kni)
470,0011
1)inemioe ramie ram
40.500 16,100
41.1on
15-200
17.500
16.200
C,mthuled YwI or ahr[m, prat. prl 1pmft tack.
"MW line Icrvdel, and rW— mj..,ud 6y
11-2" W
XX 143.00
XX
106,0a0
XX
10.000
tow
X)C 744,p1a1
a7i
733.000
X.vt
701,0an
'EX tia7msy, N,\N04 sys&bk. W WW*dd to avoid direlmms mer��'laaprMmy dd4;vilim—tided widt'CQalhnted vale.*'dda.
Noicp ica
3L>i Nm applinMs. —Lem.
1�.. '1•mduction m m d by mine .16poirxu, ukt ar m J m61e M (m to d,.e
p�,d,,cs faaanitpllQn
'Dar. Sae nwmded o, - am Ihm Ih.ce eiplifieons diritr; may Ica, add to wtah shown.
b- pm,b—1
TAOLE2
NORTif CAROLINA: CRUSM1) N ION11 NOLI1 O8 USF.'D. 14Y KIND'
Neanber
Quaatisy
Number
Quznhy
of
tebaur.td
V4wc
Una
of
Itiv,en.W
Vduc
llnrt
Kind
gloms
mine nurse (O.nl Ahv
v4ne
911W,m
.chic lmeK
11Mm.wrht
gall.
Lilneumx
I1
5,710
53s 400
s673
14
S,n70
son606 .�
Sd sr
Datmaits
1
325
2.170
6.66.
I
347
2.340
6 73
Omit,
74'
51400'
371.SMa'
637'
74
51.500
367.000
7.11
Traea.k
6
5310
39.600
743
6
$.a5a
MAW
7.55
Qe doe
I'
W
W
3.19
1
W
w
a n3
slate
2
W
W
6.61
w
w
672
Vnlcmtir c.&r No rm,u
I
W
W
661
1
W
W
6.12
611fe4d4aCQY* Hone
7'
3,44a,
20,Inll'
3.11'
6
3,AN0
17.71n1
4.xi
7mal m nmfe
XX
44.5on
4T11.11011
h Aa
7(a
49.300
dc5A0i1
700
'Raved. W Withheld 1e a va14dtactming--Pm prordclr data, ncladcd in-law' XX Nor gigl-ble
'Dwa — mwded to no mart aoo area sepridcam digits. uceyl wu.alw: may noi add to koala,lsown,
J5 2 U S. GFOL.M. CAL 51IRVCY ARNER.VS YT-AR33D()R--2no2 HORTI I CAROUNA--2001 33 3

EM
TAMIL 3
NORTII CrU1OLINA- CRUSI IED 5 TONE: Sf)W OR USED UY PRODUCERS IN 2001, IIY USEI
Ith—d
V.I..
Unn
Use
Crrnnnhnlhm.
mtx,ic,aml phousanJq
valx
Cnuu agCtrr�nlr I, l Ir2 inch)-.
14imp and'eny stone
w
w
54. t9
F
Filler dune
609
56,166
10.14
Mhcr
256
1.7110
6.61
Inane a9crtFa,"
Z55
1;120
5.51
Tutrl 9r ereraCr
1,120
9290
R]I
Ctllrsr eGprGrle. Forded'
Cmcmc¢gprpale, come
nilhnrin9rn ¢ ate. manr
1,4h0
24,Ann
737
llnhmrhrem sur(are�netmrnr.=Tara
I,160
2,010
11.900
ITAM
9,07
369
Railroad ha11u1
1,230
6,A7n
3.57
Othct pxkrl Wool, ."nrcalcs
Tnlel
4000
j9,000
9.75
nr a, rrnGe
fore lCTsreafr 7.1lR 1ach1
122Irxt
InR ON
R37
170
$lone Ntummous
1,160
7-87
,enJ. mic 9r real w
Scrc"ting
W
A
und"inar.4 2.20
CSlhcr C9r
' 1?;7r70
S.M
aCPrCmn
on]
6370
6.16
I Not 0,—reFr
].IAII
Gnane Cod (EY arineat"'
In,MlI
646
t tnnarrd
e�¢n
.19.n00
s.A6
rod,tafada>:
T-9-1
W
w
A.41
., red ochre ate'
r9.20
Ctmhrr,
W
W
1FAI
nor Or rim m umm
R9nfingMnvin
P94
7,650
R.T9
Olhct
w
W
5.92
Inane end nnc n6Pc,'oI,,
3.02a
16,600
6 75
Tndm-Mg,
nth" rvhnmflmn maWial,
12.3110
75,a00
6.Ib
AFric„trur¢!, ultry Cril and mirt,al hwJ
tell
I51
5,3t0
W
7.97
7.sA
Vns rcif J'
FirpnneJ
]T,IM1n
1.400
230,Ofrt1
9.600
h,jh
b 65
Total91 a
-rr,r
Gran
Grand lmni nr,rctt
3s,4nn
260.110n
6,76
W Withheld to arn.J JFsck„.r. mrapen) Fm1mc-Y Jxa; indudcd r,th'01h",'
69,3nn
aASnrin
7qn
Ibata me rrmnJcd t9 no more than three a;priri=[ digits, nrrpt roil rape; may not add to
twilNalJ
tutals sAnxn,
$0 ar9id Jisllm!rfc nnnpany propdrra,y data; indnJcd m'Gnnd r9ral,'
'Rq—d anj "limel,d prodnctim ,r'rlhms, a 1,sra1,d-1'Y -d use,
VS. U01,0111CAL S17Rvf:y hrtsCR,lt.S Yr-,,LU 3DK-200I
TAOLCi
FORTH CA1t()I,1NA: CRUSHED STONE SUi.n OR USEf)13Y pROUS7CFRS IN p101, BY I ISE AND UISTRICTI
(7koos9.nd mrllic Icnc and ll-a-4 dMI-I
w
u
W
W
5V
11
lY
%v
IV
w
u'
IV
3V
W
w
W
49
SSA
M2
39?n
-
W
w
i,uiltl
2MAU
Motto
12,IOn
35n
2.3nn
6n
5]n
1.7011
91.Sm1
34,11111
IA 5JInn
w
W
3V w
W W -
&limalcd ',-M 6,700
Tuul s_].20n W7,I)OU 163 1.1Ih7
4Y tYIIIdr3J to¢.aiJ Jisdo,ln6 r9mpany phaprrelery dal; included in'Tr1ai.' _7ir9. -
rDaw an rmmd,d rn no mere than Ihree,i6ni4canl digit,; mar ,GI add ro jol, sha, n.
'Inclndu filler stone. maradm rlpnp end jell stone, aad a1, mane r;6hrgaln.
'ImIudr, hilu"inow aUngorc (ma ct, binnainow sus(eee.tre¢,mrnitsCrcCete, rancrcrr ¢CC"Cxe [nlanr}, nilmaJ Imliast. anJ nrlcr
gadrd c4—c ejtp 6gwu,
21nt!rsdes scrcrninC (amdnlprxrdl, snore sort fiihrmfno9s mla m seal. slnnc saml fcmcr"r). std 91hn f nc agcs. ,
rinrluJr, —oh,, run (scicn maled,l or filll, gn4d road bore or %,,bbmc. nwfn,g 6 ulcs, rmarnt ahx! gr6xcapu,rd a;Cttple. unpaveJ
road rurfxinF, anJ 9thn romse anJ fine'eCjsesasrs
5nclod. pnul[ry 6til and rri—oa f-d.
hRcyoocd ¢nJ "16areJ production ,.ilhout a bm A&%n by rnl use.
NORTI I CAROUNA-2002
UF

IM
TABLES
NORTH CAROI.1N.I7 CO45TRU(T1gN SANn AND GRAVFI, SOLO On(rSFn IN 20ol. nY klWR INF.. CATEGORY'
(Ih—and
Vale
um
Lt.
Muic r.m)llhem—li)
rrdae
CLm.rde.CFeeyg'• linclyd,nt c wmft wndf
3,114
St7.7f0
54,64
Planer and 6u,ht sand)
5.1
2711
5.15
Cm—te doco(bineb.hrkb. ' .dmarNice. tO
571
L390
4.11
Af halt rnnmrte qpI;M
6[7
L140
347
Ru.d 7:afc met rn.rrmot
1,620
5.750
355
Fill _
739
1.74n
L36
Srww mtd ice canna
33
135
4 n9
Other mi—tl....... —
309
42InL
13611
ui lrE,Med:'
Rrpnned
2.570
11,pq
h99
'Oaa arc mended w no mere Ihan timer fipllficmil dipnf, c—V ..it value; may -t odd to im.11 dinar.
%0,dee mad and mhw st iliolion(limel
)Iltcludes fitlraeiun and nilmad &dL k
IKq- nrd and catimal d pmdunivn r,ilhoo s b—Wd -n by -d w..
TABLE
NORTH CAROLINA: CON57'RUC57ON RAND AND ('.RAvE1, SOLD OR VNED IN lard; BY USE AND UtSTMICTL
f[b.W-d metric Lmn andth-..W d.Ronl
Dluna l Dn0in 2 ' 4noin 3
Ufe D-10 V1hm Ouardlly Value paanlity V.La
and mad bear maenatf' W' w w w IRq) 7.25a,
336 5,6h0 Q70. 1.610 175 2.IM
_Rcpmlyd _ _ 74 32,E 1,660 I5.200 1t5 2.6Fn
I:Ilan ,d 310 2-0110 I M 7,000
Tmd 610 1.71n 3.540 2a 700 11.2.3u 3u kw
W WAliheid 1n laud diselnting "Mpaay "rirl.ry do a. mduded 4 ilh'Oihtt ntoerllanrnm 1% tl.' — Z,M
'Uata arc to tided to no mon flux lhm f ip lr—t Lhtnf: may rM add In tauh Chown.
:Inrhxle. pluw nd r-.te tarts.
'IncILuL. grad Lmd nihm tlal.diratinn ilimc)
'Inehdea filL 17111m w -amad hdlasL rmj man. and la rmm 1,
IRtTmicd and elu".d predunion .ilhui s brc.LdnLm by end use.
U S. GEOLOMCAL SrIRVEY MIKHRALS YE.ARTIOO ;--20d2

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This chapter has keen prepared under a Memorandum ar Undentaading helween the US, Geological Survey and the North
Corulina Geolagleal Survey for collecting Inrarmatlon on all non fuel minerals.
In 2003, she estimated value' ornonfuel raw mineral
production for North Carolina was $676 milllou, based upon
preliminary U.S. Grological Survey (USGS) data, abnat a 2,.
deetrasa from that of 2002' and followed a 6.r:: Jecrest from
2001 to 2002. The State was 2lst in sank (201h in 2002) omong
the 50 States in tntal nonfnel mineral production value, of which
North Carolina accounted for about 2% of the U.S. total.
Crushed stone remained North Carolina's leading nnnNel raw
mineral In 2003. accounting for about two-thirds of the Stalls
total value of nonfnel raw mineral production. It was followed
by phosphate rock construction sand and gravel, industrial sand
and gravel, feldspar, dimension stunt, common cloys, mica,
and kaolin. The largest increases in value for the year were in
crushed stnnr and mica, and the most significam drop in value
was in phosphate rock. In 2002, except for relatively small
increases in phosphate rock. common clays, and olivine, most of
the Stale's aanfuel minerals showed decreases in production and
value. The largest decreases were in the production and related
values oferushcd stnne (down S34 million) and constMctinn
sand and gravel (down nearly it I million) (table 1).
Based upon 2003 USGS estimates of the quantities of
minerals produced in the 50 States, North Carolina conlinucil
to lead the Notion in reldspar, common clays, mica, ulivinc.
and pyrophyllhe, the latter two, of which were produced in only
two Stales. While North Carolina continued to be 3d in the
production of phosphate rock and I011t in gemstones (based
upon value), the Slate rose in 41h from 71h in industrial sand
and gmvel mid to eth from 91h in crashed some. Additionally,
significant quantities ofdimension stone woe produced in
the State. Metal production in The Slate, especially that of
primary aluminum and raw steel, resuitcd from the. processing
afrecycltd materials or raw materiels received from other
'domestic and foreign sources.
'The taws'ltmrduel minerat pmholen"anl rs[ged'1alrxi ertewrrpmr
vatalmns in mtanmt, deprrMsag apart ttte mineral pmduetr. PradunWn ma)'
be,aaeuml by mne rNpmenn,mi,era! eemnradrey ralea, Or maeketshk
padauiaa liaeNdata sannarerlinet by pmdnen) art o rpplic.hlc Les the
Indiuidaa$ mineral uearmdrty.
All M3 Mrs mhard pmd,rdm data publd1red m rho cha t to arc
peelimlavy nrtmnes a arMy 2110.1 and "opened ra a hm p. Cmnrranion
rmd sad ys.tl Ta ahu and erea}ed six earlmafn ere updmA penodinlly, ia
the matt slDrmt infmmaliaa, pkee uunhn dfe appnrpeire USGS mineral
saimranlim rpertalin.: Speeialid enntaa htftrrmmian a+ar ka rtained orcr
Ihr IrAeerr<r at VRl.lmplanherdssup.gmfamardrkam.cirlamdu aural'.
aleemrirely, rl,ecirlie>:'rvrus and utlrpbone maarthp may he obtaend by
calling I1SM infermeltan as 4702164940613 or by canine OR 11565 Finn
Scir einro+mstwnCrntam Iaa4ASK.tisriS 1271-11747). All USGS
hlinerA Worry S-5i and I5GS Mh=Db Ymbook ch.ptc—rpi..l
9ma,oday. Suw. and oath 1. may he rminedn.er the mxmn q Qm,
Idup 11-fill tap.aavnniarnit,
'W—. per mage cadnrlmlets, and tarkiga fm 2002 mry differ ream tM
Matruh Yratmic Arn Rrparn: Daattstte 2002_ Nbh— tt, owuut to the
revision cf p ,1iesi eay 2m2 m 6aal 2a02 dart_ Data fu 20ns ee pd-rir a
ro,d — nrcated Ia eh pc: ealamd rmlhip alto may dtmtge.
NORTI I CAROUNA-2003
The following norraike inrernminn was provided by the
North ComlinoGeologicol Survey' 4NC05S)
Elplarotlan and DrvrlupmcritActivities
North American Emerald Mines, Inc. (NAEM) unwnbed on
emerald crystal weighing 1.861.9 carats at its mine in I iddenht,
NC. This crystal was thought In be the largest emerald found
in North America (Mining Engineering, 2004). The previous
record emerald. weighing 1,686 corals, was found on the same
pmperty in the 19803 Ware NAEM gained access (n the
property. Three matched pieces of a high -quality emerald with s
combined estimated weight of 1.800 corals were Found the same
Jay as the record emcruld.
NAEM first discovered high -quality emeralds an the property
in 1998 and hegan small-scale uperalinns in NnvembeT 2003.
The property produced 3,000 carats in 1999, including on
858•earat stone known as the Empress Corobne. Another 71
carat stnne produced two finished pieces--rhe Carolina Prince,
7.85 carats that sold for SM0,000 and the Carolina Queen.
111.118 corals that is currently for sole fnr S I million (Mining
Engineering. 20041.
Commodity Review
Industrial ATf verals
Zcmea Carp., a producer of feldspar, mica, and quartz,
announced in March 2003 that it had entered into an agmemcm
with Peru's Cementos Pacasmayn S.A.A, for a Pacasmayo
subsidiary to acquire all oflheoutstandingshares uf7.emex
fat a cash price of S8.80 a share. The value of rho Innsactiotl,
including Zemes's debt, was about S 100 million. The
transact Ion become effeclivc a( Me end of May 2003.
Cloys. —Robots have became important dements in the trend
toward modemiution orbrickmaking and the construcllan of
new brick manufacturing plants in North Carolina. Industrial
minerals companies continued to be restructured and change
ownctship.
In 2003, the Notib Carolina brick industry shipped about I
billion standard brick units and cool inucd as a leading Slate
in brick produelian. Notionally, about 8 billion standard brick
units were produced (Pete Cicslak, Eaeetlf iVt pircctur of7he
Brick Association urthe Carolinas, anal common.. October
2004). Small. to medium-sized brick companies in Nnrlh
Carolina continue to thrive along with larger brick companies.
In 2003. Hanson Brick & Tole (a subsidiary of Hanson Brick
North America}, headquartered in Charlotte, NC, embarked
12e111rry C. Acid. Senior Gealogin foe htrnrrah and r:eaprsplde Mfnrmatian
5vsreme, rudtorrd the t"l of ncc Stme miuem) iwunry ire —Am My ided hr
the Nonh Camlim ❑eutogkal Survey,
EK

on a project to imcgralc and rebrond its seven brick businesses
into one unified company —Hanson Brick. Notionally, Hanson
sells more than 1,6 billion bricks per year and has 22 plants in
Canada, Kentucky, Michigan, North Carolina, South Coro]inn.
and Texas, excluding the Athens Brick Co.. Inc. that it acquired
in May 2004. Bann Brick, a Nnnh Carolina unit. Is pan of
Hanson Brick. Hanson Brick North America (owned by Hanson
PLC) claimed that it is the largcsi brick manufacturer in North
Americo (Hanson Brick North America, 2004§').
On lanunry 28, 20M. Triangle Brick Co., which is based
in Durham, NC, announced the selection of a new brick -
manufacturing silo in Wadcsbaro, NC. According to its
president and ehicf exccutlwc officer, with its S35 million
investment, Triangle Brick Co. continued to react to the
increasing popularity of brick in the United States: to the
anticipated continuation of the building boom, especially in
Noah Carolina; and to the growing demand resulting from
the company's marketing elfiens (Triangle Brick Co.. 2Dnd§),
h will build a new manufacturing plant that will increase its
annual production capacity to 500 million standard brick units.
Cnnslroction of -the nrw 21.000.square-meter plant has
begun and was scheduled for completion in late 2904, h will
he lacnted olTU.S. Highway 52 in Arson County. The nvw
plant will be adjacent to the existing plant, which opened in
200 1. When completed, the new plant mill have a production
capacity of 110 million bricks per year (Triangle Brick Co.,
2004¢). The new plant will employ about 50 people. and
it will have the most Icclmologically advanced production
and packaging equipnicnl, including industrial robots. The
corn puler -controlled kiln will be one of the largest in the United
States. It will produce brick in a varivy orcolors, textures, and
sizes. The company-s products are sold through disulbutors and
directly to builders throughout the United States. About one-
half of the products made by Trinrigie Brick Co. were sold and
used In North Carolina (News and Observer, 2003).
Gypsum and Sulfur. —The Clean Air Act of2402 required
utility calnpanies buming high•mdfll' COO$ and releasing
sulfur dioxide into the almosphcre to reduce their suifirr
dioxide cmissmils. As a result, utility companies have
formed partnerships with wallboard companies 10 convert the
byproduct sulfur into synthetic gypsum, which can be used in
the manufacture of wallboard. In the past, synthetic gypsum
would hove been sent lu landfills as a combustion byproduct
from the burning of cool. Noah Carolina's two major electric
utilities, Progress Energy. Inc, and Duke facrgy Corp., have
announced plans to sell byproducl gypsum rather than sending it
to a Iandfl).
BPB plc, a mamlfocturcr and marketar of,vall and ceiling
products throughout North America, announced an February
13, 2004. that it had completed it long-term agreement with
Progress Energy 10 supply synthetic gypsum In a new gypsum
%vnllhoard plan! in Roxboro, NC. The plant will generntc more
than 200 new jobs in the Roxboro area. Under the agrccmenl.
BPB wilt commission in �DO7 a b100 million gypsum wallboard
htcfxrncca that include a moron mast {U are found m the Inrrmn
Rekrenm Cud section
EM
plant to he IOCOttJ in Person County, NC, adjacent to Progress
Fnergy's cnat-fired power generator. The new facility wilt
Operate at world-elpss manuflctufing standards and will
produce 65 million square meters per year of gypsum wallboard
to meet expected sales volume growth. The agreement will
provide RPB°s new facility will, a secure source nfhigh-quality
synthetic gypsum.
National Gypsum Co, alsn planned In build a high-speed
wollboard plant in the Chadmle area that will rise hyprtsdoct
gypsum generated at Duke Energy Corp.'s coal -find plants in
the rcginn. The Charlotte-hasrd company, a leading supplier
of wallboard to the construction industry, has nut selected a
silo. The 5100 million facility will employ ton workers. The
proposed plant will recycle rather (ban landfill byproduct
gypsum Feneratcd from sulfur dinx ide scmbbct projects at Duke
Energy Corp.'s plants. The company has signed an OgrCcmcnl
with Duke Eric%), Corp. in develop the projem with sites trader
consideraiian in Noah Carolina and South Carolina. The plant
is expected to begin production in 2007.
Duke Prover expects to begin operating its first sulfur diaxide
scrubber n1 the company's Marshall Steam Station in Colawho
County by 2007. DArr's S 1.5 billion investment in sulfur
dinxide scrubber projects at fnur arks largest coal -Tire) plants
will significantly reduce emissions in compliance %with North
Carolina's clean air legislation (Ditke Power, 2004§).
Lime and Atka. —On September 22, 2003. Ogkbny Notion
Co. announced its inlention to sell the company's time and mica
operations as part of its angning business restnsturing to reduce
long-term debt (Oglebay Notion Co., 2003§).
Ogltbay Norton's mica operations have contributed
approximately 515 million in sales and S2.3 million in earnings
berate interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization annually
during the past several years- Mica is used as filler in jninl
compound and other building materials, coatings and paint,
automotive sound -deadening materials, plastics, and cosmetics.
Oglcbay Norton is currently file Nation's largest producer of
muscovite mica. The company's mica facilities are located in
Kings Mounlain, NC, and Velardc, NM.
On February 25.2004.Oglehny Notion annoumced that its
common stack was to be delisted from the NASDAQ Stock
Exchange at the opening of its business on March 3, 20D4,
subject to the company's right to appeal (Oglebay Notion Co.,
2003 D. The Company did not intend to appeal the derision and
anticipated that its common stock would be delisted.
Stave, Crushed and Oimenslon.—In 2003, produclinn
of 97.560 metric tons of cnrsht!d mete and dimension stone
valved at S23,451 +vas repnned from lwa rit"nils in Macon
and Graham Counties, NC, by the U.S. Forest Service (Lynn
Hicks, Sin if Officer, National Forests in North Carolina. written
common., April 2004),
Environmental Issues, Reclamation, and Techn ologiral
Achievements
A tonal of 929 mines were on inventory as of December 31.
2003. including 739 active mines and 190 inactive mines, A
listing of permined active and inactive mines in North Carolina
as of April 30, 2004, is available on the Internet at UAL httpa7
V.S. G1iOLOMCAL SURVEY MINERALS YLARRODY-2no2
srww.geology.cnr.state.nc.uslPermitted mines 20404301
Permitted_ mines_ North Carolina _Gcoingical Survey.htm,
Vulcan Molerinls CO.;s 'Cabarrus Quarry was a winner of the
Nalinnal Association of Statc Land Rcclurtationists' (NASLR)
2003 Outreach Award. The Award was announced at NASLR's
31it annual conference in Charleston, WV, On September
30. 2003, and was prescmed to Vulcnn at the North Carolina
Mining Commission meeting on October 29, 2003, in Spnrec
Pine, NC, Earlier in 2003, the same quarry was the winner of
the environmental enhancement and public oolmachleducalion
category of North Carolina's Mining Stewardship Awards
Program; the Award was presented by the North Carolina
Department of Enviimanem and Natural Resources and the
North Carolina Mining Commission.
Cnvernment programs
The renovation and expansion ofthe Museum of North
Carolina Minerals was completed, and the building was
dedicated on Oclober 29, 2003. The 5900,000 project included
a 93-squarc-Rmeler exhihil gallery addition and the insmllotion
of nrw interpretive displays. Funding was provided through
partnerships with the Blue Ridge Parkway Foundal ion, Milclitll
County, and Nonll Carolina Departmenl of T'ranspnnation. !'he
ne+v museum described the rich geologic history and mineral
Msources orthe Spruce Pine District, NC (Mitchell Calmly
Chamber of Commerce, 2004§), 1t was expected to he a popular
destination for school groups as well as Blue Ridge Parkway
visitors. The exhibits described the imponance of mining in
the rcginn and its grotogy. Representatives from the mining
industry, universities, the NCGS, and individuals provided
expertise and objects on display. The Mitchell Calmly Chamber
of Cnmmcrce maintained an inforotation desk and helped stag
the museum, which operated year round.
The NCGS, in collaboration with industry and other groups,
was selected to host the Forty -Second Fnnum on the Geology
of Industrial Minerals, which will be held in Asheville. NC,
an May 7-13, 2006. A series of field trips were pinnncd in
conjunction with the formal sessions to highlight the )nJ%utrial
minerals and lhe'u diversity is North Carolina. A Wrb site was
being prepared to assist attendees with travel and presentations.
Geoingic mapping tinder STATEMAR a component of the
USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mopping program,
continued in the Ralcigh. Henderson, Chapel Hill, and Asheville
1:100,000-scale quaJrangles..A content project map is available
online under the National Geologic Mapping Act link at URL
hitpj/%inytv,Zcolngy.enr.stale,ric.iis/miislan.html.
The NCGS is now moking geologic maps at various scales
available online or URL hitpJAvsv%v,geology.enr,state.nc.us!
news,htmr The individual geologic maps am included wilh
world files and can tie downloaded individually or as a set.
The Mecklenburg Partnership project (htepWrial innolmop.
usgs.govlpanncrslnc.html) is n collaborative effort to produce
NORTIf CA110LINA-2003
seonticss digital Iuptigmphic maps for the Nnliun. This
pmtntype project invnlved Mecklenherrg County, NC, and the
North Carolina Center forGcagraphic lnformalian and Analysts.
The USGS formed an innovative partnership with Mecklenburg
Canary for the produclinn of anitrectificd imogtry and lidar-
derived elevation products over the Mecklenburg County area.
The Mecklenburg Partnership also planned to help implement
The National Mop for Mecklenburg County by preparing some
orlbe data layers of it for the Stale of North Caraliaa. Main
partners include Nrecklenhurg County, NC. the North Carniina
Ccntcr for Geographic Information and Analysis, and the
NCGS.
The North Carolina State University Minerals Research
Laboratory (MRL) in Asheville, NC, at URL hu pals% w+v,engr.
ncstr.edulmrl.took the (cad in cdlnblishinA the Industries of dlc
Future (IOF) program for North Carolina. The IOF program
is sponsored at the Federal level by the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE): its purpose is to assist industry in mductng
energy cunsumpt inn and incrcying productivity, thus aiding
compcti(ivcness in the global marketplace.
Tire North Carolina 1OF program will focus on the
agriculture, chemical, forestry, and mining industries, with
initial finding supplied by the DOE and NC Statc Energy
Office. This funding will be used to largct.organiztdonal
efforts, prepare indepth proftles of (he various industry
segmcats, define the present stale of each segment, and
de(crmine uteas of common concern for research cffoas. The
Industries of the Fwurc Prugrom for North Carolina ,Mining.
With the Minerals Research Laboratory as the I"it argon i ration,
was divided iron thrice groups: aggregate. sand, and stone: clay
and brick; and industrial minerals.
Rererences Cited
htinmA Enµrsranrt- VX14. Nanh A—.', hu,v l rn•,crald m slat folmi:
Mining F�iiv—,wic .. s6, aa: 1.lanua Y. r..12.
Ncsn end Otncrwn. The FNIs, 11 lnolbdl: The Ncws rod Uhrrrvcr, (kolcegh.
NCI. Nuvcmbra A. p 01.
Internet References Cited
Duke Prr•a, Not (Fclnuary 16). Gmcmw Easley cram Dutc Pnu or in
lnxakinr, en%und tin xlaaball $tram 5trn+n rulfor durx,sc'servM+r,' lino
Relca+r, srrssrd Msohes ti, 20os. ah Nnp!r..+•,-Jr,krro,•er conmcr•sr
nlra,esr2orw/rrhn_nn,n2 t an I.arp.
IIanacn lhtck Nanh Ammer 20(W1 Hanwn Holt; North Amenta, eca+std
Ocreber 5, :as1. al URL hapllna.hasuonbock cnmrra1pinbat1nm!"n!-.rhr
bmeheil County Chamher of Crnsmre:cr. 20n4, Thr Muscc—rNRrth Cardin,
hlinrrals, emmed No.ember 5. 2004, Or trRL InrpJinr++vmitebell-cvunq
c mJfen iv a Urmo a rev. Mail.
Ottc%ey Nanaa Co., 2a03 (Seruembrr 221. UAlehay Nenan mnouacrt irum rn
sell hmr and corn Wcratioru, Cumpnry Ness!, acrrs,cd Onnbes 6, 20W. tit
I IILL Imp llrht.mrrinore-ir.ncVrhnvni..zhtmUr-xivt7A:F-in,l-rrrws,loiel�
RiD-sd2alaRhithrahl-.
Triangle Hrkk Ca. lot", Atwta,u, -cm-1 rsszotsel 1, 343.1, at URL hap it
— uisnlelnrcleoavAbeul_vs.esr
ow

TABLE
NONFTIF.L RAW MINERAL PRODIXTION IN NORTPI CARDLINI t 1
IThou&WW metric tnnl and 1h9utaad Jolla. ",is mtl ur 1prclfiedl
Cttmm n
2 U0
L1,100
2.4I0
11.900
2,420
11,900
Karlin
47
6,190
W
LY
W
W
Fddepor mrtnt lrmr
744,(M)0
19.4011
15gn1A1'
17JIKI
150p10
IR,7fM
(:emsennn
NA
244
NA
210
NA
rm
G [Ym. nude
71
739
—
—
—
—
Nkm modt, - metric lml
5LON
3,190
40400
3,tf10
19300
ln.lM
Sam -a pft-1 _
Cam4letiun
17,40
61,50U
Ium
507110
9,II10
46,U011
Indullsial
13I50
26.000
020
25,6011
1,760
2931111
}r1ye:
Cnahrd
69,3U0
4R3000
h2160
451,000
631300
460.000
Oimmeiw
42
i12m
41
17,%1n
J9
14,6n0
CnmhieeJ .glues of olivine, peal 120012, phsiphose
sock, p>Tnpht Iltf. (rmdrl. -j e4h- im-1d 17
11mtm1W
Xx
Io6,11ft
Xx
I Lon"
xx
15,10o
Total
xx
739AU
xx
619.000
xx
67h.ow
'[t.limina7,'11vised. NA NM-ailahk, W Witbadd to amid disdmini .^.pony llfnpierry dasa:vsd-mOP4,d rith'ClmhieA-1.4'daa
lU Not grlicablc. —71 .
IProdwii.% a 9emurcd by mine Ihip —d. thlei. or mekelabk pmdwti6n 1 indud"mg cngampmion by prodm:;Il.
'Dya mr mtmded w m some d= ft. 1lpsifkwl digm ma) not add In Taub [hmm
TAOLE2
NORT11 CAROLINA: CRUSI IED STONE SULD OR [TIED, OV UNd
2U111 7nal
Number Qlrwlliry N9mhee Quistrlily .
Yf Slhoutsnd Vldtn Unit of Itl—wd Value Un+r
TABLE 3
NORTU CARULFNA' CRUSIlu1 STONE SOLD OR V5ED UY PRODUCERS M 2002, UY USGI
(hagu w
Yalu.
LWl
[Br
mnri[fnnq
illmuu9d.l
vaFue
Cmuhunim,
G1a[ar r k r 1 VI inch).
Macadam
W
W
$4 27
Rip, Melnpe _
471
31.10
tfl7j
Fillerrmae
W
W
162
OUer eamte Fpqt.
71
416
611
T*W or rear&..
air
7: i4n
a 72
Stone Md. 6rIlmrNmttl mix"sea)
2.9'xt
2h,mlo
1 R1
21)"
19.600
937
RI
it;
946
1,1'xl
6.1511
5.77
4,360 _
_ 41filYl
_ 713
-e.7.1
I11.011
93,7m
471
4,610
Y 64
1:1
I:1
1 61)
u.40
11.600
6.64
_ j.INll
_ ljln_
763
3.31n
27,500
740
470
37JM
611
155
1.140
162
rl
In
;.ns
1.170
9.460
1.04
2,37n
15.3oa
647
9.170
63.400
692
63
Slv
1.2Y
91
711I
171
35.1M1 243 ram 671
I.750 I7.71uI 6 42
I W
W
67.3
1 W
W
6.73
- — — 62.9t10 451,0011
flmndtimidmarerege
75, 53500'
3741=
6,"
76 41,41110
349,5100
770
_
W W dMe1d amid diss pmprkrrly db�tagi%. included m Total'
7 ' S.64U'
40,300 '
7,15 '
7 4,930
36100
7.34
n
'note are worded to nv mmr than ehre4 aigllifi[am digia, Weeps unit rote.; may t1m add to I1Ad1 thews.
m th a, u" s
_ W
W
T 04 '
2 W
W
1.6a
t3V0hbeM to seuid dsdusingc9lry'ety lval'neu'y dara: inr"o xith'(hhcr.'
W
W
6.72
2 W
w
664
IRRepmsed stud en®red pleductMto withow a hms6dm.n hvead we.
I W
11 Irm
W
ansn
672
sv.
I W
v an
W
—
672
art
Revised. W wnNeld to aloud deldnrmg company Imla'duy drK wKkkkd m'Tot11: XX Not r"Fic
IDaia ale muidtif to m mmr dmi dare stgsflri at dig., eu.rpf law .due; met me odd Ia mule thvea.
354 V.5 GEOLDC-ICAL SURVEY MINERALS YL•IRDMI;-2na3 NORTII CARDUNA-2003 355

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-
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ittf k� §
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§
2

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding hetwern the U.S. Genlogical Survey and the Narllt
Carolina Geological Survey far collecting Information nn oil nnnfuel minerals.
In 2004, North Camlina's nnnfuel raw mineral production was valued' at $905 million, based upon annual U.S. Genlogicol Sur ey
(USGS) data. This was about a 9.7% increase from that of Zoo' and followed a 6.5% increase from 2002 to 20D3. The State was
21 a in rank (19th in 20031 among the 50 States in total nnnfuel mineral pmduelion value, of which North Carolina accountctl for
about 2% or the U.S. tntal.
Crushed stone remained North Carolina's leading mnruei raw mineral in 2004, accounting for more than 68%of the Stale's meal
value or nonfuel raw mineral production. h was fnllowed by phosphate neck, construction sand and gravel, 'aduslrial sand and gravel,
Feldspar, dimensinn stone, commnn clays, and mica. The largest increases in value for the year were in crushed stone and phtmphale
rock, up S43 million and 521 million, respectively. Smaller yet significant increases in value also Inok place in constructi nn .+and and
gravel, industrial sand and gravel, common clays, and feldspar. The mnsi significant decrease was that of a $3.7 million drop in the
value of kaolin (table 1).
In 2003, crushed stone with a newly 7% increase in production rrum 2f102 led the way with a S54 millinn increase in value (an
increase of 12% from 2002). Smaller yet significant increases soak place,ln descending order of change, in the values of mica. up
S63 million and construction sand and gravel, up nearly 55 million. The mnsl significant decrease in value was about 520 million in
phosphate rock (table 1),
in 20D4, North Carolina continued to lord the Nation in the quantities of feldspar, common clays, mica, and pymphyllitc producrxl.'
the laller two were produced in only one other State and North Carolina alone, respectively. North Carolina cnntinucd In he 2d or 2
nlivine-pmducing States,' 3d in the production of phosphate rock. 71h in industrial sand and gravel, and 8th in crushed stone. The
State decreased to I Ith rrom 101h in getounnes (based upon value). Additinnally, significant quantities orcnnslrvclinn sand mild
gravel and dimension senor: were produced in the Stole, Metal prnductinn in the Stale, especially that of primary aluminum and raw
steel, resulted from Ole processing of recycled materials or raw materials received rmm other domestic and foreign snurces,
The following narrative information was provided by the North Carolina Geningical Survey (NCGSI.
Commodity Review
Indudlrial minerals
Clays. --Increasing construction in the central Piedmont of North Carolina, knnwn as the Triangle, and across the region has
prompted General Shale Brick to expand pmdmctinn capacity at its Manure plant. The Jnhnsm City. Tennessee•bascd company is
adding a third kiln, which will boost pruduciinn capacity to 270 million bricks each year, up 50% rmm current annual capacity of 180
million bricks. The company Is not saying how much the new fully automated kiln will cost, but 25 wnrkcra will he melded when it
begins firing brick in late 2005, General Shale currently has about 100 workers at the Mnncure plant.
This is the second expansion at the site since General Shale Sfick baught the Stales largest bfickmaker, Cherokee Sanford Brick,
for $B 1 million in 2000, General Shale Brick is the Nalinn's second leading brickmaker, and the Mrmcure plant is its leading
,producer, General Shale's parent company (Weinerberger of Vienna) Austria, is the -mid's leading brickmaker in lcrms of ;ales
(News and Ubse ever, 2005 a).
Gypsurm—The Clean Air Act of 2002 required utility companies bum ing high -sulfur coal and releasing sulfur dioxide iom the
atmosphere to reduce Their sulfur dioxide emissions. As a result, utility companies have footed pannrmhips with wallbnard
companies to convert the sulfur dioxide emissions into synthetic gypsum (calcium sulfole), which can he used in the manufacture nr
wallboard. In the past, synthetic gypsum would have been sent to landfills as a combustion byproduct from the burning or coal, North
Carolina's two mojmr electric utilities, Pmgm% Encrgy, Inc. and Duke Energy Corp.. have announced plans to sell byproduct gypsum
rather than send it to a landfill.
9P9 plc, a manufacturer and marketer of wall and ceiling products throughout North America, announced on Pehruary 13. 2M4.
that it had complemd a long-term agreement with Progress Energy to supply synthclie gypsum to a new gypsum wallboard plant in
Roxboro, NC. The plant will generate more than 200 new jobs in the Rnxhom area. Under the agreement, BPR will commissinn in
2007 a S100 million gypsum wallboard plant in Person County, NC. adjacent to Progress Energy's coal-fired power generator, The
'The lermt'nfnkai mineral praAudnr' ffd crated Valtxi eneurnp— vaamnnr In meanlq, dependlue Mm ihr mmenl rmddeer, N duninn rosy fir mcaaurnl by
miff shiparems, rp n l mmmoduy xalea,ar maftemble pndtrdon (lactudiat cnruran mint by prndurm) as it agdieabte to the inlivtdual ronmt rr _.diry,
An 2MJ USOS rnnn tal prrduerlon dam publitlsed In N. ehaprer fro dmae avnihbl, ar or Deeemhn'_IIOS- All USC1.5 klineral taduury 5a Tyr and USCS Minrnlr
Yearbook ehfpume—minml crm a dky. Sure, am enuotry— Leo an he retrieved aver the 4ucmet at URL httpllminenla.rnrs.pw/minerslt.
rvahru.pucerrap o1cubdons. and raakbtp fw_mS troy differ f m she hftamis l'rrtx ILA=Report: Oerrstruc gaol, vrrlame lr,prink to the rvitinn of
rmilrautary M310 final 20n3 elan. Dam and —king. la ?pill a.—ddned to he final and arc nor htely In clisnp otflificanay.
C— mia a putty Aeyurr 17, MZ.
'kit y C. Reld. Seater Gentarist lot Ne Minerals utd GtoRaphk Infavrotlut Symmt, authtrcd the tcxr for dr State minnal l d.,.ry inhimtatiaf prodded by the
Nnnh Gdlry Geolfsical Survey,
NORTII CARDLINA —VU 17, I

new facility will operate at world,elass manufacturing. standards and will produce 65 million square meters per year of gypsum
wallboard to meet expected ,tales volume growth. The agreement will Provide BPB's new facility with a secure source of high•qualily
synthetic gypsum. The Person County Commissioners voted 5.0 ran March 14. 2DO5. to approve a special use permit that will clear
the way for the wallboard plant to o(xtaic next In Progress Encrgy's Roxbnm and May* plants (Herald -Sun, 20054').
hllm.—Oglebay Norton Company, a Cleveland. Ohin-hosed company. announced on April 6.2005. that iLs Oglebay Norinn
Specially Minerals. Inc. subsidiary has completed the sale nFits Kings Mountain, NC, mica operalinn to King's Mountain Mining
LLC. an armiwe of Ztmex COrpnrption for S 15 million. The company said it expects to complete the sale of its Velarde, New
btexicn, mica facility by yearend 2005. Operations at Velarde have been suspended since September 200a. The company had
previnusly announced its intent In sell all its min.'s operations as part of its plan to focus can its industrial sands. time. fimesinne,
limestone fillers, and marine services businesses.
Oglchay-Norimi emcrgcd from Chapter I I bankruptcy on January 31. 2005, pursuant to a plan of reorganization appmvrd by rise
U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the district of Delaware on November 17, 2004 (Oglehay Norton Co., 20n51i).
Zeroes Corporation is a leading producer of industrial minerals with faeililics across the United Slates and Canada, Its products are
used in a variety of commercial applications and ate sold throughout Asia, Europe, North America, and South Americo. Zemex is
based in Atlanta.
CertainTerd Corp. will invest more than S50 million in expand Its; shingle -manufacturing plant in Granville County; NC, creating 55
jnhs during the next 3 years. The new jobs will he manufacturin g_and assembly posit inns and will pay an average weekly salary of
$671), roughly S35,OM annually,
The company will receive a SY RON grant from an economic development fund administered by the North Carolina Govcmnr to
help pay.fnr trite project, which will include a new 6,04n.square -meter pinduction wing to be completed in 2007. CenainTeed made
specially laminated Shingles for commercial and residential buildings and employed 2DO people at its Oxfnrd (Granville County)
facility, Hiring for the new jobs will begin in late 2005,
CertainTced is a subsidiary of Paris -haled Saint-Gobain Corp.. which in 2003 had sales of $27 2 billion, about 9% of which was
from CenainTeed (News and Observer, 20G-ta). -
Synthetic GerrtsinnmS.--Charles & Colvard; Lid. signed a distribution deal with I.C. Penney to distribute its mnissanilc jewels:
After a 5-mnnth lest, J.C. Penney agreed to sell Charles & Colvard jewelry in 460 of its stoles across The Unites States and via its.
catalogs and lntemcl We (News and Observer, 2004h). Charles & Colvard expanded its maissanite gem distribution with the
announcement that Finlay Enterprises. which leases department store jewelry counters at chains such at Lnrd & Taylor, Marshal[
Fields, and h(nn-Macy s, agreed In Sell the diamondlike stones at R3 additional counters, bringing the total to 114 (News and
Observer, 2005c),
Moissanbc is a manufactured gemstone that some say is brighter and cheaper than diamonds; During the past 5 years, the
Morrisville (Nnnh Carolina)-haseel Charles & Colvard-has been able to interest mostly television shopping channels and small
regional jewelry retailers. -The deal.wI Lh J.C. Penney provided A national platform for Its moissanilc. J.C. Penney agreed to sell a
wide variety of moissan(te jewelry set in 14-karat grid including rings, bracelets and earrings. Financial terms of the deal were not
disclosed. The moissanile is grown in a Iabriminry. The clear stones. which sometimes have a green tint, are shipped to the For East.
where they are cut and polished. They then return In the Triangle (Raleigh -Durham, NC, area) for inspection mid grading.
On February 16, 2005, Charles & Colvard announced that it now has a new supplier. A Swedish company will begin supplying
Charles & Colvard will) some of the raw material it needs in create synthetic jewels. Charles &'Cnlvard agreed to pumhase silicon
carbide from Nnntal AB inn 3-year contract worth at least Sri million. Cme, a Durhan%ehipmaker, had been the sole materials
supplier (News and Ohscn'cr, 2005b).
Eh vlronmentnl Issues, Reclamation, and Tech nologl cat Achl evemenLS
A listing of pemtillyd active and inactive mines in North Camtina is availphie on the Internet at URL
help:llwww,geology,enr.slate.nc,us/Permitted mines_2004I 130fFermined_mines_North_Comlina Gcoingical_Survey.htm, Links are
provided In Idle Mining Act, Administrative Rules, the Nnnh Carolina Mining Commission, staff, and forms.
At its February 2005 meeting, the North Carolina Mining Commission presented the 2DO5 Mined land Reclamation Stewardship
Award In PCS Phasphale Company, Inc. far its reclamatinn efform associaled with the resinrauon of approximttety 34 hectares of
mined lands along the headwaters of Whitehursl Creek at its Aurora Phosphate Mine in Bcoufon County, After being nominated by
State mfriciats, PCS Phosphate also won the 2005 Inteniale Mining CompactCnmmissinn's (IMCC) national reclamation award and
has been nominated for competitinn in the Notional Association of State Land Reclamationisis' (NASLR) Awards Program.
The Nnnh Carolina Mining Commission awarded the 2005 Puhlie Outreachl[ductilion and Community Relations Mining
Stewardship Award to Hedrick Industries for exceptional Worts obits Grove Stnnc and Sand Mine in Buncombe County, Grove
Stone and Sand Company partnered with the North Carolina Wildlife Federation to educate children and adults about benefits of
mining and wildlife enhancement at the Grove Slone and Sand Mine through the Wildlife and Industry Together Pmgram (W.AAXA.
The W.A.I.T. cenificatinn at the mine silt includes education programs. wildlife hobilat management and Proiectinn, community
partnership, and W.A.I T, learn functions, Aficr being nominated by Stale nf6cipis, Hedrick Industries also won the 2005 1MCC's
national pnhlic outreach award and has been nominated for campetitinn in the 2G05 NASLR Awards Program.
VulCan Construction Materials received no honorable mention in tire Community Relations Caiegmy for its inidalivn and
considerable e1FnrLs in community relations at its Gold Hill Quarry in Cabprrus County.
Government Programs
The NCGS, in collaboration with industry and other groups, well host the Fnrty-Scennd Forum an pre Genlogy of Industrial
Minerals, which will he held in Asheville, NC, an May, 7-13, 20%. A series of field trips are planned in conjunction with the formal
sessions to highlight the industrial minerals and their diversity in North Carolina. This is the first time that the Forum will he held in
North Carolina, A preliminary program and event schedule was posted on The Fonim's Web site at URL
hap;11www.geof ogy.cnr.statc.nc.uslNCIndustriotMineraisFnrumlindex,htm.
The Mecklenburg Partnership project is a collaborative effort Igprrduce seamless digital topographic maps for the Nalion. -this
prototype involves the NCGS. the U5GS; and Mecklenburg County, NC. The product generation's gnat it to generate a near-mandaid
USGS I:24000.scaletontcnl topographic map using information available using data in The Nalinnnl Map (hnpJ/nsiionalmop.gnv)
and local data. More information on this project is available an the Internet at URL httpalmemcwehmarimscs,gov.
Reremner Cited
NeWr and Ohurvrr. The, 20$k (Umidatl: Tr Nnv%rod OMmn.3Raleich, NCI. Deeemher T,:nnl, p, 2U.
New and Uhmner. The, 20r%h: fUnlineJ): The Nrwr and Obwo,rt. IRulcirh, NCI. Occaher ii. 2($1, p_ 1.20.
News and Ohw—, The, W05s, IUMidedl: -.she Ncrt and Obverver. 1RaGtah. NCI. Fehruiry.3.:nn5, p- JP
New+ sod Uhsrnxr, rite,.2=b; IUndtledy TheN-1 and Obmerr. IReleloh NCI. f0m ryICr.'-Da5. it, 2b.
New% and Obvener. The,'2003e, IUniinedl: The Nnce s� OM+ernr. IRaleirh, NCI. March 1. 200. p, 20,
lnieroct Rcrerences Cited
Heeetd-Sea,The,:m5LWellhuard1annry p<rai,l peir OK,accessed March 2J,_'aai, art URL hnpNww«.Itenld !na.rvnJprnorJl:-5 701 Alml,
Oslebay Nnnon Ca.2M5. Qelebay Nato. emeeper firm ehaper I I bankrap:cy, mnmmrer imerl ut sell lime and react rrc dons. C—r ay News, aareoed htaah
23. 2005. si URL hnpll. ww.vFlrhadman%m ran.
%R dercnre+ fSai include. Ttinn mark(l) artimm inthe raemd Rererrnm Cired+mttnn.
35_2 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARII00K-2W4 NCIR Ill CAROLINA-2IX0.1 33.}

TABLiI
N'ONrUM RAW hirNCRAL PRODUCTION IN NORM CA ROLINA"
ff7rneund ennrie emend *—.o l "Ian 1
200'
2m3
211w
_ hlinehal
Quawty
Value
Quaa.Ity
Value
Qa-n"
V.hx
Common
1-420
119n0
'.19n
10,9m
2.2m
1?,90n
Kadin
w
w
w
J.Sm
34
761
Pxkl+ba.
310'
17,100
362
L0,9m
331
-In—"
Gam+la+ca
NA
.RU
NA
279
NA
290
h0o, cmdc
411
3.1m
39
931n
40
9,6m
S.haf .nd FR'ci: _
Cm.M.01rm
In.0011
50.700
MOD
55,600
II,Sflfl
39.7110
Indutvtal
1120
'S,f.nO
13311
76,7m
1.w
2900
51ne:-
CalahrJ
61-.9m
4510m
67,100
303.000
72300
548SM
Ihmeatinn _ _
41
17,9m
17
tR.700
41
19.2m
_ _
Camhimd "I.= of oli.im. Phmrt : e m k, py*otftililc
Icn+ticl..4Rl value iMicaN by tmbnlW
_xx _
I I,f100
_ XX
61,500
XX
_ 1050m
Taal
xx
68MM
XX
734'"
xx
RO5.000
`Renal. NANO anilable. W W,+hcld.o.v.id di+rlm'rnr ca".y Pmininary dam Wi.hhdd val—i=IW din'Cm td of+,hle.'dau
U Nel .wiohlr.
`14ml,wrim at in noel by nine ahifmlcnu,tales. or maA-01r nmdunlonlinchWinp mo.uminian by rtuh-1.
'O.0 are nwmk l In no woo rhan Ibex .i6ni0nn. dieiu: may nar add In tnlah .hewn.
TABLE:
NORTH CAROLINA: CRUSHIM MSE SOLD O0 USED, DY KINOI
Numi+er Q.4.Ipy No..)— Qu.aily Nunik, Quantify
of Ith+m-W Value La. of 0hnmtad V.)uc Unit of irh.—rJ Value Unit
lei+al --- ,nerri-- elt.m. M.1 vatue a hn{lne lunfl llhn.unhl qk. hmamq manrl+n+l Ohnuwm10 value
1! 5.W
S19,000
5615
13
6.160
Sl UOn
57.'6
11
6,oll
SOX()
S7.1;
T w
W
673
I
w
W
6.72
t
w
w
6,72
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
I
.v
w
'h 46
76 ARAM
3J9,000
7.20
7R
J9.9m
3711,Om
7.60 ,
75
51.1kA1
196,cm
7,61
7 4.9111
36,300
7,34
R
7,05n
30.9a1
7."
7
7,71111
51,5g1
7.15
_ w
W
n64
_
w
W
R93
-
w
IN
944
_ W
w
fih
_
W
W
7.17
2
w
w
7.17
1 w
w
672
1
W
%v
7.17
3
W
W
7.17
_ 972
6_2m
7.11
_
VA
6.470
7A9
i
1010
7A.111
_ _7.39
W %M+M to a.nid di.eLodcgcwopmy rhyd t yda..: include-61.7mal ma.erzEe.' XX X.I.MliuM. —
' Dataare n.nii" in m u than thnx ticiufcam dipl+, eacrin urM vales may not add to tmh +6envn

!
!G9,6.
\�
ap« %!;4l;

,
!»!\ #■§
� §7
m
E �
2�;IeEE
•;
;
\kk }
F¥{«
-
i•'# �� §
.
\
r2■..=�§)
\[!\■■_§{
-\
■-E
§,
())}Jk)\k
/
3 e`:����
ls.±«Jain
§
®__
!!!-, ■r(
�
r}
»�!!, ■§|
\ /$
!
:
�
) }
-*-�■
k�
!
/)|j|\!
G !:
)
-!!; ;! ±
k
-
§
>l;f\*t
-
!
)�®•�
k|)§}}}}ƒ

k
k
!]2!l55g5 5
!i]5J9Bl52) 5§5
!)�®§§)®)`� \;■i

57! q
§
!
G
)
\
;!

NORTH CAROLINA
cs
q -n
n
C. �Kaarr R � R n n fSL
' LS NN .pV j
R n aA � QI oMIMW .WV�
LEGEND
--� C"
�r
G� Gry��n.Gn
Ss .�a.rw .ra pw
MINERAL SYMBOLS
b W—
l+�pwa�auanq.nn!
tiu r.aw>ti
wr c�� rar
vrn
ca
so
�pnM
OS CYnMY+11w
itis a.r 4wr
sr v.Im—
ra. 7w
cm
�V I-
��w w O�
n w u
C.
C u fr w W Uv r `M� �iya 0.
i•�
`? u
.a m a
fn �
o so war+�r.
I I
0
0
;Km
Sn..re,a- N..Hti r_...na, ra.oloSieal S,l v ' lfA, Goalagleal Su"ov (2005)

THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF NORTH CAROLINA
This ehopler bus been prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding between the US. Geological Survey and the North
Carolina Geological Survey far collecsing informatian on aft nonfiml mineral[.
In 2005, North Carolina's nonfuet raw mineral production was
valued' At S792 million' based upon annual U.S. Geological
Survey fUSGS) data. This was a 1.6% decrease from that of
2()04 r and followed a 9.7% irtcreasc from 2003 to 2(Xt4. The
State was 25th in rank' 123st in 2004) among the 5r) States in
Intel nnnfuel mineral production value, of which North Carolina
arcaunled for nearly 1.5% of the U.S, total.
Crushed scone remained North Carolina's leading non fuel
raw mineral in 2005. accrimul rag for Aixwl Al % of the states
total value of nonfuel raw mineral production (excluding
that of phosphate rock'), It was followed by phnsphate rock,
construclion sand and gravel, industrial sand and gravel,
feldspar, dimension stone, common clays, and mica. The largest
increases in value for the year were in crushed stone, up Sag
million. and in phosphate rack, Smaller yet significant increases
in value also look place in common clays, construction sand and
gravel. mica, and pyrophyllile. Although industrial sand and
gravel production was down about 29%. its value of production
was up slightly. The largest dtmoses in value were those of
feldspar anti dimension stone, down SL5 million and S1.2
millinn, respectively (table 1).
In 20U5. North Carnilna continued to be the only State that
ptoduccd pymphytlite, to lead the Nation in the quantities
of feldspar and mica producer), to be 91h in crushed stone
production and IOth in dimension stone, and in be I ith in
gemstones (hosed upon value). While the State rest to 2d
from 3d of four phosphate mck-pretdaeing States• it decreased
to 3d from Ist in common clays, onf to 100i from 7th in
Industrial send and gravel. Addilioanlly, signilkeant quantities
of cununiclion sand and gavel were produced in North
Carolina. Metal production in the Stole. especially that of
primary Aluminum and raw sleel, resulted from the processing
of recycled malcti als or raw materials received from other
dnmeslic and foreign sources,
'The tams "n,mh.cl mirrernr pn.luninn'.aJ mcrwepaa
vwwwress in --.r. dep air up- the mirreal rindtuu. Rahrnlm may
he -usd by come shipwwn minoal csmmrd,ty mks, m mwtenble
IiWwiian (imb ding eons mprion by pttafutaa) at u .Vrgirc hl. in the
-1-1,4 mineral cnmmod,ly.
All 2005 USGS mihmf prductirn Jam puhlkhtsl in this chaprrr, we ft-
-0.* m of Dramhrr!M* All 13S05 MInent W.My Surveys awl USGS
hlittenh Yenbnok clupten--missed rnmrnixhsy, Stave he
rcaieseslow the tn,c .r UrLL http/lminenls.tnp it-kmnenl,
site swt,' artud armed raal salsa WHIM is ugrsiftcaoily hichn
lhu $792 valline, also tiasnl a each in tahk I from -filch apwirwe bu for
phwaphm rock eel li r dglwi 4'orts) - wi6licki I-rwry propciet.,y
'"Ir
llfmagetdt+if a else witlhnWay'C whined "it-" (rrmr 7sna es wet4
rooked of a Jeerrar, the Span would ham a mat dua Alit laesesi c In valet
in MOM fmm'_Rnf; this Irater trine au em ram chortle In valve fw the &='a
atetftiel mineral inthawry totem 21111r M 20aS.lmlmkn tr(Ire w�Jr[Id:lfaS
wtrbi-d vale Jsta wvukl .1. dw.Fe the None'...-Il -tin, for -a5 m
27.I nr v-I st.
NORTH CAROLINA-211115
The following narrative information was provided by the
North Carolina Geological Survey' (NCGS).
Commodity Review
Industrial Alfneraft
Clays,-Resco Prnducu Inc. announced the successful
inmallatirm and slanup ore taller hearth kiln in the company's
Greensboro, NC, facility. Resent manufactures brick of several
types and classes for a variety of Applications including high -
alumina brick containing greater than 45% alumina (Resco
Products Inc., 200511).
Crushed Slanc.-Mania Marietta Materials, Inc„ hosed
in Raleigh, continued with its multiyear investment pmjecl
of installing new stale.nf-the-an lechnningy to ran its rock -
crushing facilities firr its quarries. The Sunmck Gmup's -
flumer quarry in Granville County switched from a wet to a
dry fines recovery process resulting in a significant decrease
in handling fines and in the pmductinn (from crushed stone) of
manufactured sand for the company's asphalt plant And high
lints density sand for its concrete plant (Kuhar. 20051).
Mica,---Oglehay Norton Cn, announced on April 6. 2005.
that its Oglcbay North Specialty Minerals, Inc. subsidiary
completed the sale of its Kings Mountain mica operation to
King's Mountain Mining LLC, an affiliate of Zemex Corp., for
S15.000.DW (Oglebay Nonon Company, 20051).
Environmental fssucs, Mine Safety, and Techmnfagy
Achievements
The Federal Clean Air Act of 2002 required utility companies
buming high-sutfur coal and releasing sulfur dioxide into
the almospbere to reduce their sulfur dioxide emissions. As
a result, utility companies have formed partncrhips with
wallboard companies to convert sulfur dioxide through the fiae-
gas deculferizatinn pmcest into syndielic gypsum, which then
in turn can he used in the manufacture of wallboard. In the
past• that synthetic gypsum would have been sent to landfills
as A comhuslion byprndoct from the burning of coal. North
Camlini s 1w0 major electric ukilitles, Progress Energy, Inc. and
Duke Energy Corp., planned to sell byproduct gypsum rather
than sending the materials rfl it landfill,
In early recember, Progress Energy ofiicials and Slate and
local leaders joined in -a celebration of the Clate's fins new
scrubber (floe -gas desulferizatio n unit) to begin operation
lsemmy C Rdd. Smear GeakAgim Minerals and nogrz*ie laforamuioe
Sym ni. axthmed theftas far ate Sure otmanl indupq IMennaH.npemided
by sae N-h C-A... Gn4rsykal Svr y.
1Re(m=s that ioekwk. 1 i., msit (1).re ineladak inthe l.lrnret
Aedrretsec Cited secure,,
9E!
under North Carolina's Clean Smokestacks Act (passed by the
Nonh Carolina General Assembly in 2002); the Ashville plant
scrubber began operating on November 17 (Progress Energy
Inc.. 20055).
National Gypsum Co. announced an August 3, 2005, plans
to invest up in S125 million to constfWl a new high-speed
wallhoard plant west of Charkrite in Mount Holly. The plant
will create 100 direct jobs and 100 indirect jobs for Gaston
County (National Gypsum Company,'_0051).
PCS Phosphate Cn's Aurora operations reached a milestone
of'Onc Million Safe Hours' worked on rely 27, 2005.
Also, PCS employees actively participated in the Science
Olympiad by beginning an educational outreach program,
"I Dig Aurora;' in collaboration with the Aurora Fossil
Museum, in Aurora. IThe Science Olympiad Is An intetnlnirinal
nonprofit nigonizalian devoted In improving the quality of
science education, increasing student interest in science, and
Providing recognition fax outstanding achievement in science
education by both students and teachers (Science Olympiad.
2W7¢),] Additional infonnalinn regarding the Aurora Fossil
Museum may be found on the Internet at URL h1lotwww,
au m raFos s i t mu seu m.Lo m.
Legislation and Government Programs
A listing of permitted aetdve And inactive mines in Nonh
Carolina las of December 31.2005) was prepared by the
NCGS Arid was made available an the Internet (North Carolina
Genlogical Survey. 2006¢).
The NCGS in collaboration with the minerals industry and the
Minerals Research laboratory of North Carolina convened the
42nd Forum on the Geology of industrial Minerals in Asheville
on May 7-13, 7006, The Forum proceedings were electronically
published by the NCGS as lnfamallon Circular 34 In a compact
disk and was available for purchase by way of the Internet
(Reid, 2OD6).
The Minerals Research Laboratory (MRL), which is in
Asheville, is a part of the North Carolina Stain Univemily's
Industrial Exlensdan Service.The main research focus of the
MRL is the bereficiation of industrial minerals; it is fairly
unique in that it partners with academia, government, and
industry In conducting effective research, Although most of Its
research effmu are conducted for cniTimm a sponsors, public
service projects also arc undertaken. The MRL's facility is
equipped with mineral processing equipment and an analytical
support facility for mineral chmcleriznlinn. As pan of a Land
Grant instllutinn. Iechnlcat assistanca and smite to the puhiic
is also pan of the MRL mission. The MRL conlinued efforts to
communicate in the general public Its purpose and Information
about its activities by establishing an educational outreach
program known as "Down to Garth." Also, at its facilities in
Asheville, the MRL sponsor profissional seminars, which
count inward continuing profeWrinol competency requirements
for professional engineers. The MRL library contains some of
the most extensive reference casarees for mineral Processing
information in the southeastern United States, which also is
available for public use Additional information regarding the
MRL may be faced at the lah's Weh sift, URL http:l/
,vWw,cnGr.ncFu.edu/mTI/.
Recent MRL wnck'mcludes projects (ran Iighlsveight aFgregale
and providing assistance to the NCGS studies regarding garnet
high purity quartz, glass sand, and Iran: sand products; Results
of these studies arc included in the aforementioned NCGS
information Circular 34. The MRL has conducted divest
bendicialion studies for companies located in Nnrlh Carolina,
as kill as similar studies for new mines worldwide. including
sludies In improve the quality anti efficiency of existing
produces. The MRL direelor uavcldl In various Slates to assist
mining companies at their sites and to adviu them of potential
opportunities learned of m of A result of the Inb's eMlahnrali,c
research sludies.
The North Caml'imiGencmt Assembly funded a 3•yenr
Landslide Hazard Mapping Program with SI.3 million from
the State's Hurricane Recovery Act of 2005. The NCGS
is implemenling this program. The Act pnasidcd disaster
assistance in people, businesses, and public agencies that
suffered damage from one or more of the six hurricanes thal
struck North Carolina in 20(tr, On Sepicmber 16. 2W4, heavy
rains from Hurricane Ivan triggered a landslide that carried
nlmiiVt Amounts of debris more than .1 tilotuelcn. killing live
People and destroying 16 homes in Use Pecks Creek cornmunily
of Macon County, NC. A week earlier, Humcane Ivan and
Hurricane Francis started more than 140 other landslides
lllrrughoul western North Carolina (Office of the Governor.
20064),
Reference Cited
Arid. 1.C.. ed.. 200a. 1'mrcr,hlrg. n[ ale a2aal T;erwm ran the (itsssnly nl
Inshl.triaS hlirenir. Ashcvilk, Nemh Camlim, Slry 7-11,'_g16: Halelph.
NC, NnM Cwllns Grolattral 5nrvcy ta(Gol-en Crreular 34. CID -ROM
Internet References Cited
I;uhar st.S.. MM (1J.-b:r 1). Los •aloe. hers waste. acrosN S[arch ^_fi,
'_r107, at URL hntrJ7w+r,r.p,rnJyuarry nmVa'ns'xkp�anyhn,cld
.rtfderkta1Lltr`Id-I13913.
Natitrnal Gypmm CnmpmT. 20Q5 (Aulsrst 31. Natinrwl Gypsum to lnnht
plant I. Nash Cstnti- aanaed Match 16. MD07. al URL horJhs.s•w.
nanmrlppsnmmm+ahanhsewrJ.nOS1nc.sl W.ara.
%:nih C-ki m Gminptsl Survey. 21106, Prnnined :hv and in.nnx mitres rw
North Camlim octet d Aiipw 2.1. 2txi1. nr UAL hnplwwr tsnl,seycnr
nneeesa/pemrined_mian: D6t117Npmmn� msnes_N'on>t_C.m11na_
GrNnsinl_S.-y.hIm.
(xfra or the Grna ,r r nn ICk,tdxr 31. Neu' rclmre, C rr_ Caseey annnurces
row ImLMI& her rd map for ..tern N C. attcurd March, t-7. 1.(47, v
IIALhrrplAsw,wrnvrmvr.sure.rc.uar�res � IlSnrry.ap.
Oglehay Nmnn Camrisny. 30M (April M. Oglehay Nemm -,trues sate of
iv Nnah Cnrelina.vffCA aMralicn, aeaeasrd March :b, nP, a IfRL hull./l
pas.crape,nsc-tr.nrrrpNrnl..alwmt:k>JIS957LprirN •newaAnicica]U.ay)26
03ahllhliylw._
I4nats,s 15-ly 1-.2nas fbrcrndsrr 71. 1"- L'rcrky cr10- clan air
mikrtax, -etid March 17. MM. at UAL hop th - pim;rels-15.
enrol. htxrasV news/enir I e � ap?id.13a-I _.
Anon pn,duna I-- -,U)S ihimh 71, Ro rn -a.a....- rhsinftcw. a. owl mn
rap el ■ new Lilo al in Crmttstwnrs. NC plaranc wd vf+rrb 27. 20117, at
URL ",it ww.s-pmduna.evedwmp»Y+w:vn.ap',iD�all
,Science raympud, NM. Science oly.pnd lvckg...d. n, -d Mlrc 5, 211111,
at URLhtflrH�.faie" TJabovut bukgm,.d himihshet.
U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY sl1`ERAL.s YGSRnWR-14u5

TABU I
NOI:FV EL RA W MINERAL PRODUCnO4IN NORTH CAROLwA''e
Mw..ml meltic u,-.nd llow nddnll-)
_ —
Qa.muy
-
V.kk
Qo..n.y
Vd.
Qu.nmv
Vale
Cla
Cernman
1-190
10,911111
:?NI
12.9n9
1160
13%u
F-I..
w
43m
34
76J
1_7
393
Felder
.162
Il1900
331
211,500
351
19.0m
Cxmsemn
NA
379
NA
:BO
NA
No
Mira. anlde
39
9,501
40
91fm
39
I0_'00
Sad and gn.el:
Caeumnian
in"
SSAW
II M
59,7M
I11117f1
63.9no
b.d.wi.l
1330
26,7no
1,61n
29.n00
I'M
29.2D0
S1nn
Cmsbcd
67.1on
505,0n
1-_31.1
549.1m
7d,3011
&18.000
Dim-ino,
47
1R.7nG
43
Ip.'J711
39
Mot*
Caodrb.rd ,aJm 17003-61r, pha*h.te mck.
"phylli,e[Fatdcl
xx
943M
xx
IQ3.0m
xx
Is,
Ta.1 - �.
xx
T34,0ntl
xx
MOM
xx
79+000
'R-md. NA Nor mvall.bhe W wMdkld to ,vujd lfulocinJ sampany rar oaary da... XX No .prdirahk.
'Prmk tim its mcanoed by mine shi mems.salmmm.rkenble[mahrcl'mn lincltdine svrnomntian by rorlasval.
'Dea.trrmdrd.n-vacsthen th-,imifim„didoil—not r.W 1..o hd.enrye
'V.hk -W.Li W to avoid 4iselmiae cnmaanr peep lcrary dmL
TA13LC 7
NORTH CAROLINA: CRUSHED STONE SOLD OR USED. BY KIND'
_nW
30nS
Nnvdxr
Qaannry
titrmlkr
puemty
or
11hna.>awl
Vdae
of
(ihoui rwl
V.hx
_ Kkd
clnatries
meths rnn.l
lthoutaodO
lame,
metric 1m0
fth.u.tmJel
Li,.Wom
11
6.670
S19,I1nn
II
k790
S49,7fy)
Dohtmik
I
w
w
I
w
w
ciik.,m.rmid
I
w
w
_
_
Claaniie
16,
52 sQB'
4003M °
74
53.9on
ar,aio
Tnprack _
T
7,7110
533I0
7
7.690
67,400
=m;lc
_
w
w
_
IN
IN
Slate
2
1320
9.460
_
OM
9.700
6lvseifit-ou,mr-
a'
3.270,
:5.600'
4
JA60
333n0
Twal.
xx
T x)a
319,000'
XX
71a00
636.000
Tcyuad. W WilhhrW 1..-iJ llowlmin; ctwor.ny pmrintry dnr.: Iocludcd in'r..I.• XX Nm .pprit.hk. - Zorn
'bau..e mtmtled to rm rene than lir c ,ip.if .m dipt:i. may are nW tn.rnak sht.wrt.
TAOLC3
NORTH CAROLTVA; CRUSHED.M4E SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN'_1105. BY USE'
1T-m Ld mans I-.nJ 1h....nddnllsnl
U.
V.hK
Cntulrvetian:
en.r>c.ec�c�n[•Itslnr3,r:
_
M.cadam
w
w
Rim!p.ndkmso—
nu
10,900
�
Aitcr im"
173
14W
Orlkr cmne,t opre. -
- 153
1.760
Tntel _
1.5nn
15.100
Crmne .FLWEMe. Emkrh
Cmrene.rzmz re,-- _
3-590
d5,51xl
_
Riluminrios nr(as:.rRstmem.
iv
,.,
Aatb.l.dh.11ast
I,Jnp
9,OAn
OtIRr Faded ttane .FelsRue.
1,::0
]M1 6tN1
_
Trnsl
11.inn
135.01.i
71,k.eL7F[1rc fJA llkhy
S1oae.rud, soncktn -
-- 56S
.1,6M
Staoc sxW, bir lomo ma or ml
0,
to
_
_ ScMoi.E, m.k.IE.W d _
1_l0
IAlfm
gt5n fim,RlrFaeFe
i,nt0
9.2I1n
Tre.1
3.1-10
11900
1.1150 s1.)al
ISR �mn
rm r,
rl 1.71n
1710 16,700
10.4011 90.I011
'n...aanc.:
NcprmFd 4171M1 327.M1n
G,br..led _ - _ _ 4.2fa1 41.011n
Tad 46,9110 369m
COWIMal 74,300 6311.f"
W W10.1kid m. Id rh d,t jpg eatrtpany rnoplicwy dal.; ,,Iuded-1,'flthcr ena<ae .FgreFase/,'
' B.ea aft .waded 16 nn lams than three .161.il1s.m 1uein: m.y .rn ad d to .W..hn•n.
swnhheld to ._U disehwu.= eamrkny ramie ry 6,1 ; Included 1.'Tmal'
'wnhrkIdo, "ddkbsI.err f.cylrnriuyd.,a:>rl J.41h•Olb<rr .Fgreya,ea.'
'WilhhtW.aasaWd17cl iozsampttyrarkl>.y,-la:loch.kdin•Ommltotal.-
tRepecled W tury-3 prrduninn wIrlxml. bmaktlmrn by -I uu.
.\OATH CARULLVA-`'M 15.1 154 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MBITRALS YCAAQOOK-2fk11

TADLE4
NORTH CAROLJNA: CRUSFICD MN7-- SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN 3R5. BY USE AND DISTRICT'
IThnu.anl mclric Inns -1 thwand d-II-I
Dimssin
I
Diaries
2
Diana
3
U.
o"'.hx
V.lue
Quamlf
V.lur
0..toy
Value
Cmsalx,inn
C,nnc rrrmgat. 1.115i-fil,
W
W
W
W
W
kv
Cuam rc r+era�, Liald'
W
W
W
W
W
-W
Five a mgme l•:i i-hl'
_
W
W
W
W
W
W
Coarse and Rne akcrcearel
7_-3Tn
21.7n0
W
W
W
%V
Otha rnminr-M matrriata ...
_
-.
_
W
w
—
_
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_
_
W
W
W
W
ti
Rrpnrtcd
4.120
36,7m
21.660
I.R,(=
17.000
142.0m
r."Immed
1-600
26.000
174
f,7m
I.am
I4,R11D
Total
13JM
121.0m
37-IM
296.O M1
2j"
215,000
wWithhelJmay.iJdirelminreony,,a°y(irnPrivaryriita:iurluded in total' -Zun.
'Data aar mundnl so m rriwe thy. 6- vArtirmi die n: may ea add.n m,A, 0—.
'lneludes hh stoat, rnacaJnm, rifrap andjetry time, ad nncrt InaneaCCmptea.
llodudea himmin-t °gGmrmc (ta,:me). hin,mmau snrfm-trmmmt aggmram, ennnne oggmgme b-ael. railrced hallase, and
"her pradd cnusc aCC &x..
' Ineludea rL-nf 1unJc+irna1tt11,olone ,-I. bin-i.au, mi. a..-L t-e sand fese,emecl, ad niho fire arrmga,p.
°Include -be, — fi0m 4a.re, padd road 1,- n, subbase. temann aM ca t-d a frrep,, tnir-ed maJ suRarinC.
mmHg rranuies,.nd mbet coarse and fine aCpeplm.
'Imludcs pwttry grit and minrml foal.
'Repo'', and mire-d;.mrlunion withmrl a h,cakzi-n by endure
TATILE 5
NORM CARMWA: CON5TRUC71ON SAND ANh GRAVL-L SOLO OR USED IN 2M5.
BY MAJOR USE CATEGORY'
Iff--d
V.U.
U.i,
UK
comic coed
lihob,.ndO
vaI..
Conant aeereratt IinclWinr rmcmie »nd1
4,310
%.alj In
$.5.01
Plates and rnnise un1. .... _
10A
R12
7.80
Cnn7cu ptpd-s Shlnc4a. Ixitks. pi ,kcntadvc, mi
3"
LI"
7.69
A.phaltic--Mp zrirra,a and oIha bnuminrw. mi.ams
474
?59D
347
Rwd base and-.-.e1
460
1330
7,2¢
1`111
2.610
u6n
3,59
Sn-mdiecmntml
IA
110
667
Other misttinncnt+r,ses
216
3.630
16.91
UnpecificJ'
Rrn,med _
1.190
7,00
6.45
IT�iimval
1.7rA
9.6m
531
Total - -veer-
t,_nm
61.9UR
-534
`fierier¢,tmm,ded to nd more than Ihrce+irni(lom digits.-m unit v.hue mayWadd t°,utan,h-
11MI,.da nsad ",.hec atahilir„i,m Oimel
IRcpned nd n,imated pmd,mion walrmta h,-kJ- nbyend ute.
TAOLE6
NORTH CAROLINA: CON-STRUC 1ON SAND AND GRAVGL SOLD OR USED IN 2M5.
6Y USE AND DISTRICT"
(Thnasandmrrrie ttma and Ihnusand dollars)
Disco + }
aryl 2
Di ss n
5
UastreifieJ disiricn
Use
a.ann,y
V.h.
Q-miry
Vahrt
aV Vah,c
_
¢eHtTa,n end eenc,rrc r.salarn'
''-3311
12.5m
2.930
1A.60,1
.. 1-55
_Cm,rtc*e
A,nhal- a arz,,vex and mad bee mstrriala'
719
5-+4n
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6AR
- -
FII
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06
2,1711
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61 .25
hihrrmisceAanrn,n con'
'_0a
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3n
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umnerified:'
rt a,ed
473
6.020
2na
1.610
—
Gtimmal ^-
I(vi
6m
1.600
9,fM
Teal
4370
29Ji0fi
732n
3a.um
Al 58n
- gym.
'Data arc tmadW ro an n than ohms significar4 diets; -y n°t add 1n Ii.als ehnw,c
'Dimim I and 2 ate cnmbi.nl ra avoid di,dn,inp company ry,y+nchry data,
t Incude, pla.T and prremsank.
'Includes madand mfl staldliamhm Mime).
alneluJes now and ter canbnl.
'Repsmed and esaimated prodanim wI.h- a h,r,M-n by —du..
NORTH CAROL INA-2nn$ 35-5 15.6 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SI IN( -RA L4 Y CAR000K-fia5

Harard._Aeologic sink holes North Carolina bun•Jluwugcology.rnrsralartcutilGeologic hazands_sink_ho[es ken... Hazud_geologic sink holes North Carolina
n,k=h.o'l�es ka ,,�stt=
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Home Landslides Earthquakes Old mines Costs f
Geologic hazards in North Carolina — Sinkholes (karst)
:Slnkholes don't just happen In Florida. North Carolina has Its shore
becauso of a particular type of rock and human activity. In North
Carolina, sinkholes mainly occur In the southeastern Coastal Plain
counties of Brunswick, New Hanover, Pender, Onslow, Jones, Lanolr;
5."ven and Beaufort. When sinkholes are common in an area, the
:area Is said to have kaml topography.
introduction to slnkhalos (karat) In North Carolina
This page introduces you to sinkholes (kaml), a geologic hazard In North Carolina Coastal Plain, and the processes
that form them. Other geologic hazards Include landslides, earthquakes, abandoned mines, high hazard dams,
geocttemisiry and the environment (arsenic and acidic racks), shrink -swell Solis, and other geoogic hazards
(asbestos and radon). The Information presented here will provide citizens with obfective Information so Thal they car
make rational, well-informed decisions. Links am provided to additional Information and ongoing work by North
Carolina Geological Survey staff geologists.
Contents of page
• Introducpon
• Location of main sinkhole areas in North Carolina
• Sinkholes (karml)
• Karst features
• Limestone sinkhole examples
• Current staff geologists' slnkholo (kersq activities
• NC Geological Survey staff geologists provide technical assistance
• How this affects you
• Sinkhole check 05t
• Reference
• For additional Informaton
Location of main einkhota areas In North Carolina
Ground coftapse and subsidence from limestone sinkholes Is a geologic hazard chlapy in coastal areas (mainly
Brunswick, New Hanover, Ponder, Onslow, Jones, Lenoir, Craven and Beaufort countles, North Carolina).
lutpl!«tisw.geology,enrsrate.nc.uslGrola��c_harards_sink_holcs kale...
�c% cry
M,
,ntvs�aliv
fir' K� r
�
-reNnrn��ry-
- BftUNSZ'Yft:K 1
i
(This is a map of North Carolina Coastal Plain counties where sinkholes mainly occur.
I or 1 I 113r_'OOB 9:" AM 2 or 1 t ill/-008 9A4 AM

Hazard_geologic sink hales North Carolina h,tpJlwµw.geology.enr.stale.ncusrGeologic hazaid>_sink_holee kar3 Hazard_geolcgic sink hales North Carolina help:lluuu•.geology.���s,ate.ne.us+Geologic_haznrds_sink_Lnles_Isrs...
3afll
INDEX MAPim '
Coastal Plain
papaws
a 1r R-y F-''Ry
A Nudam Porter PUM
V- —. Major nroolmta-6mi"nuP mile
wamptlbleta sinkhole delelapmsnl '.
labeled In red.
owlwwirr
❑ tip
Iwo"
0 ll 0 tc
r..
■ ,n
" C I.s
17tOr NhnN..el...
Crrbuaas `
O =r
17n
01.
1] ss
:development. The map shows geological (rock) units susceptible to sinkhote formation In coastal
North Carolina along with selected cities and critical facilities (military and nuclear power plant). Many;
jar these counties are experiencing rapid growth.
Sinkholes come in many shapes and sizes. In North Carolina, many of these sinkholes fill with water forming ponds
or takes, like around the town of Boifmg Springs Lake and Sunny Point Military Ocean Terminal in Brunswlck County,
North Carolina.
Another pond or lakedortning feature in North Carolina is a Carolina Bay (below). These are not sinkholes. While
their origin Is not determined, Carolina Bays are very different from a sinkhole in that they can be much larger, but
more shallow and do not overlie underground caverns. Most have an oval shape with their long axis aSigned from the
northwest to soultleasL Not all Carolina Bays farm lakes; some have been drained for agriculture and some are
swamps (see below).
IAA-7009 9A4 AM 401711
{campath,g theories as to the orgin of Carolina Bays
Sinkholes may result In ground collapse and subsidence, and are a contributing factor in the rapid movement of
contaminated groundwater- Sinkholes ware responsible for the dewatering of Baling Springs Lake. Sinkholes form
naturally from the underground dissolution of limestone. Ground disturbing acttvtty and changes In surface water and
groundwater flow pattems can lead to the formation of new sinkholes.
Subsidence is only possible where the ground material can be displaced Into some sort of underground void, which
can only occur fn certain rock types. Solution caves In Gmeslane are examples or larger volds. Subsidence cannot
occur on solid, unmined rock (granite metamorphic rocks, etc.) except by shear failure and rotational displacement
to the surface under excessive lead, or by landslidbg where slope profiles permit.
Sinkholes (karsl)
Limestone Is the only common rock soluble In water. It dissolves In rainwater enriched by carbon dioxide derived
from organic sails to the processes and results are an a lamer scale In areas of wet. warm climate. The following
graphic gives the general chemical reactions that are operating.
114/2908 9:44 AAI

Hazard_Seelegic sink Isoles North Caroline hltplh4uw,geology.rnrstate.nc.nslGtolosic_hayvds_sinL'_ho[ce_hars... ffa=d_j�eoiogic sink holes Nonh Carolina hrtpJl�ti�tily,gee]agy.rnrslsre.nc.vs/Geningie_hazarSs sink hales_kass...
urbanizing areas.
lby mildly acid waters lading to the formation of sinkholes. 1
Karst features
Karst features are erosional romu produced by solution on bare rock surfaces, beneath the sell at the lop of the
rock, and within the rock. Solution Is highly selective, so that most Joints am etched out to create {Insures, gullies ant
caves; they may be full of air, water or sell, between remnant blades of strong, unweathered mck. This creates the
highly variable ground conditions which typify limestone areas. Examples from coastal North Carolina follow.
Limestone sinkhole examples
Previous graphics (above) show areas along the North Carolina coast where sinkholes (karst) are expected from the
underlying rocks and also on air photographs. Dissolution or I1meslone (a carbonate rock) may lead to ground
subsidence and possibly to ground collapse (sae below).
WkJ181rili.1mu. %---n
frayed Image of Snows's Cut, New Hanover
North Carolina shows sinkholes. W --
'Aerial phalrsgraph of ytnkhole terrain al Sunny Polnl Military Ocean Terminal; Brunswick
,County, North Caroline. The soft photograph was taken In 1956.
Disssalutfon of Omeslone (a carbonate rock) may lead to ground subsidence and posslbly
;to ground collapse as Glustrated In this drawing.
(Below) — Color infrared image of sinkholes (image center south of SnawWs Cut — Intel crossing land).
Carolina Beach Slate Park, New Hanover County, North Carolina. Similar features occur in nearby rapidly
sor11 114,40089:44Ah1 6orn 11400087:44Ahi

Hazard_geologic sink holes Nonh Carolina ht1p new.grology.enrstate.ne.talGeologic hazards sink holy kars,,. Hazardyeologic sink- holes North Carolina Irt1pJ1a aw.gcology.enr.stale.nc.us/Geologic_hazarls_sink_ltnles_kars..,
(Sinkholes In residential areas and-
near BWkng Springs, shaves the sinkholes to be closely Interspersed between
.l
7 otl I
114009 9:44 AM s orll
ISinkholes along the shoreline of Boiling Springs Lake, Brunswick County, North Carolina.
Iihese sinkholes were exposed when the lake drained from water loss owing sinkholes.
Large open sinkhole cavems, found in the base of Boiling Springs Dam during subsurface
Investigations, were subsequently filed stemming water loss and slabilhing the take's
;wafer level.
1141'^nl}il 9.44 AM

s
Hazard_geologic sink holes North Carolina
hsrp 11xxw geology.rnr.natanc.uslGealagic_huard� sink_holes_kars... HaLvd_geolagic sink holes North Caroliap
Inlerstate 40 sinkholes — sinkholes formed during construction In 1963 and more recently
In August 2n01. The faller caused extensive traffic slowdowns. This sinkhole developed In
,the roadbed of Interstate - 40 during construction in the fall of 1983. The location is near
!Rocky Point, Pander County, North Carolina (image courtesy of the Land Quality $action,
Division of Land Resources).
!1n 2001 a sinkhole fanned in this same
!section of 140 (Image courtesy of the NC I
!Geotechnical Unit). Knowing the geology
;beneath the ground can assist In
Idatermining where surface geologic
!hazards may occur,
F
Current staff goologists' slnkholo (karsl) activllles
North Carolina staff geologists are currently using color Infrared digllal air photos to interpret and map the location
(karst)in Brunswick, New Hanover, Pander and Onslow counties, North Carolina. Selected held checking is planned
Similar studies In other ceunfles are anlicipated as well as responding to requests for technical assistance.
NC Geological Survey staff geologists provide technical assistance
North Carolina Geological Survey staff geologists responded to a request for technical assistance from the North
Gamine Division of Emergency Management regarding an apparent sinkhole that opened under a home In Craven
County, North Carolina an October 28. 2005. Staff geologists visited the site on October 27, 2005. The hole (shown
below) is about 84eat along the side of the home and 5-feet into the yard. The opening Is about 4-feel under the
Wood and about 4-foal deep and partly water -filled. No apparent structural damage was observed or reported by
the occupant.
hupJh�uv'.geology.cnr,stale.nc.us7Gcologie_hazards_sink_halcs f;ars...
!Apparent sinkhole that opened under a home In Craven County, North Carolina on October
�28, 2005.
How This affects you
Our state's population growth and development, with its increasing housing and transportation needed, may be
slgnificanty affected by sinkholes. A sinkhole fanned under 1.40. a major transportation route near Wilmington• in the
summer of 2001. Knowing the geology beneath the ground can assist determining where surface geologic hazards
may occur.
Sinkhole check ifst
The following are suggested steps to follow In the event that a sinkhole forms on private or public
property:
• Contact local emergency management officials Immediately If a sinkhole starts forming in an Inhabited area.
• Secure the sinkhoto to protect the public from injury Including, but not limited to, barricading said slnkholo and
notifying all affected utlfilles and the Department of Transportation's Olsldct Engineer (if the sinkhole occurs In
a public road or right-of•way), and prevent the Inflow of surface water to the sinkhole.
• If sinkhole Is under or ac4acent an occupied etruciure, consull local housfng or building Inspections department
to determine safety of structure,
• Check with local utility departments for presence of underground water, sewer or starmwater drainage pipes or
other underground structures that may have contributed 10 sinkhole.
• ff the site Is located near historic mining areas, the possibility of underground mine shafts should be
considered. If the site Is located In eastern North Carolina, the sinkhole may be cause by natural voids In the
underground limestone.
• Secure services of consultant and contractor to determine extent of problem and specific repair plan.
The fallowing are some general suggestions for backf0fing relatively minor sinkholes that do not endanger life
or signlfieanl property
• Excavate the overtying sell around the sinkhole to the extent necessary to determine the appropriate correction
method and to the extent necessary to determine the appropriate correction method and to expose a
competenl limestone bedrock (edge around the sinkhole.
of 11 1/4/1000 9:4A AM l0 of I t I141-'009 9:44 Ahl

Hazard_Zcologic sink holes Nonh Carolina hup J/ww�v.gmlagy.enr,slate.ac.us/Geologic-hazards-SinL-halcs-kats
• Backfill the sinkhole with #57 or ballast stone and The stone capped with a layer of compacted clay that extend!
several feet above the compateet limasione ledge that would be exposed.
• Cover the compacted clay with a 8.1nch think layer of soil to match the sufrourrdlrtg grade.
• Direct surface drainage shall be away from the corrected sinkhole and caroUly completely Seal The sinkhole
and thereby diminish The likelihood or any recurrence.
• Monitor the area for renewed sinkhole activity, parlk:ularly during and after heavy rainfall events.
Reference
Nonh Carolina Geological Survey, 2G05, "an The Earth Moves, Randy Bechtel, editor. Information Circular 32:
North Carolina Geological Survey, Raleigh, North Carallna, 24 p,
For additional information
The contact for adddlonel Information about geologic hazards in North Carolina is Mr. Richard Woolen, P.G.: his
e-mail is Ric [e-mail]. He Is located In the Swannanoa, North Carolina office (western North Carolina)
and can be reached by telephone at 828.296.4500, His mailing address is: 2090 U. S. Highway 70. Swannan98,
North Carolina 2B778. An alternate North Carolina Survey staff geologist contact Is Dr. Jeff Reid, P.G., 512 North
Safrsbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27899-1612. His Telephone number is 919.733,2423 003. His e-mail Is
Jeff. Reid@ n tam ail, net.
NCGS .1812 Mail Service Center , Raleigh, NC 27B99-1612 . 919.733,2423 x403 . E-mail
II of II
114R009 9:44 AM

slinaslltes,— hs1PI.•vv real„t)aerube_.1 NI-al!A1inml flexurrvs hur-.:— "10p'rnr nalrrr ur'11ri„Qal!ti'fheunacp-,rinm11 ,
Mineral Resources
This page answers many questions commonly asked of NC Gada icah Survey suff
r"log'ssts. For more infarm3lion, please call uslat [phone], ar write 10 us at NC
Gcvlogical Sunny, Division of Und Reso arcs, 1612 Mail Serv,icc Cmier, Raleigh, NC
27609-1612. In addition to respoma to frequently asked questions, a summary Olive slate s
geology is proviJrd to artcmpany the home page graphic, as well is a summary of mineral
Production and industrial minerals. Our e-mail address is'. jeff.rd -ncrr% iLnet
Frequently asked questions
• North Carolina's aRcial stale precious done is the rmaald.
• North Carolinas official state rock 'is granite.
• There is no official stale fossil for North Carolina.
• North Carolina leads the nation in the praduaian of fchdspar, mica and pyruphyahe,
• Mining is a half -billion dollar industry in North Carninm
• North Carolina's Mount Mitchell is the highest point east oftheMississippi Rives'. Its
elevation is 6,634 tea above sea level.
• The latgal emmld crystal ova found in North America came from North Carolina_
• In 1823, North Carolina became the fern state to fund a gcoiogical and mineralogical survey.
• North Carolina is divided into three physiogaphic prewillcm Blue Ridgc, Piedmont and
Coastal Plain.
• North Canalinns gcalogy mpresclns mom than a billion years of cbm=change.
What are misimis7 - Minerals are naturally occurring elemrnis or compounds. Each mineral
has its own crystal and chemical makeup and physical qualities tueh as haidnss and color.
Rocks arc made up of minerals.
• Types of rocks - There are Iture differai. kinds of rocks, depending an how they were
fonntcd. Igneous rocks forme] when melted rock cooled and hardened Sedimartary rocks
formed in layers from bits of older rocks and pans of animals or plants. These collect in low
areas or under water and harden into rocks. Metamorphic rocks formed when either
sedimentary, igneous, or calier farmed maamstphic rocks were put under pressure and heal
deep in the earth'A trust
Who do i contact to become a regisrertd geologist In NC?
n Click hers for the "NC BOARD FOR THE LICENSING OF GEOLOGISTS."
R•rk n Ten
Mineral 11--.
The state rock
The General Assembly a f 1979 daignaied granite as the official State rock. North Carolina
is blrssd with an abundance of gamic. W hen granite is crushed, it is used as in aggregate
for road and building construction. ]f granite has the right physical poperries, it an be out
Into blacks and used for monuments, eurhstone and Alone for building facings. The largest
open -face grar»le quarry In the world is located at Mount Airy, North Carolina.
Ifagpp$931 AM ^-ofm
Mtn.-!,>.xv.Ywbyy ear.rune nr,urTlulcal!tigrnourcnrtdnentrew . Miemr n--eer
P6ospbalc - Phosphate is used in plans fend, rwiiixtrs, animal Feed, pesticides, ceramics
and pholography.
SIOca sand and quartz - Silica sand and quartz mined in North Carolina are used in the
manufactune ofrim, Refined silin sand is also used in the glass screats oflelevis;ons and
computers aid in the electronic chips -
Spudanntnc • Lithium is Poduad from spodur me, Lildum h used in supersonic airmli.
spaecrraN, pains, batteries, grease. lubricants. photography and nxdicioe
Tale and pyropbyat(e -Talc is wed in pains, insecticides, rubber produces, Ceramics,
papa coatings cad dinnerware Pyrop)rAlite is used in soaps, blcaddng powders, and
clecnical insulAion. The most familiar use for both minerals is in talcum powder.
Physlagraphy
North Carolina can be divided into luxe physiographic prvvinea: the Coastal Plain, the
Piedmont and the Blue Ridge, Each pnev'icee is characterized by partladar types of
latrdrocum
The Coastal Plain is eharaclaizcd by Bit land to gently railing hills and valleys Elevations
range from sea level near the coast to about 600 feet in the Sand Hills of the southern inns
Coastal Plain,
The Piedmont Province lies between she Consul Plain and the Blue Ridgc Mountains. Tbc
Piedmont occupies about 45 percent of ehc area of the mic. Along the border between the
Piedmont and the Coastal Plain, clevatiom lustre from 300 to 600 (to above sea level. To
the west, Nevations gradually rise to about I S00 feel above su level at the foot of the Blue
Ridge. The Piedmont is chancierized by gensly rolling, well rounded halls and long low
sidges with a few feel of elevation difT'arnce between the hills and valleys. The Piedmont
includes some relatively low mountains including the South Mountain and the Uwharrie
Mauritius.
The Blue Ridge is a deeply dissected mounainaus Ann afnufnaom deep mountain ridges,
intamooane basins And umrh valleys dial insect at all mom and give the am is rugged
m=--vain character. The Blue Ridge contains the highest elevations and the most rugged
lopopiaphy in the Appalachian Mountain system of eaten North America The North
Carolina portion of the Blue Ridge is about 200 miles Pang and rastges from 15 to 55 miles
wider It contains an area ofabouf 6,000 square miles, or aboul Io Percent of the area of the
rate.
Within North Carolina, 43 peaks exceed 6,000 feet in elevation and 82 peaks art bsween
5.0W and 6.000 fret On cite +vas, the Great Smoky Mountains is the dominant angc with
several peaks ohms inch men: than 6.000 feel, On thr eastern side of the North Carotins
Blue Ridge, the highest rouge is the Black Mountains which extend for some 15 miles and
contain a do= peaks that exceed 6,D00 fen in elevation This group includes Mount
Mitchell. At an tic mom of 6,684 feet in clevl aioa, is is the highest peak of cassem North
America Other prominent ranges from northeast to southwest are the Pisgah Mounuira,
Newfound Movarialm, Babam Mcuntains, Nantahalo Mcunlians, and the Valley River
Mountains.
General geology of North Carallna
Three major classes nfrocks common to North Carolina are, igneous, metamorphic and
stdimentary. North Carolina has a long and complex history. Although much rcrnains to be
lamed, dnailed graiogir studies provide a gmaul understanding ofregional geological
alationships. Thr Sate is best described in teens ofgtalcgieal belts; that is, areas with
The State Proclous Stone - Emeratd
The General Assemhly of 1973 dmignaeed the emerald as the official Stale pretious steno
Emeald is found in North Carolina near Hidderthe in Alexander County and soufhwesl of
Spruce Pine in hlilcheR County. The la%ml Single emerald crystal found in North America
was fuer l at the Risi Mine a1 Hiddvaife in 1959. The taysisl weighed 1,438 carats. Tito
'Carolina Cmmfd,^ a 13.14 carat cmcrald-cut gem, was also found at the Rip Mine,
The highest point in North Caralfna
The highest point in North Carolina (and cite highest point cast afthe Mississippi Riva) is
Maoist Mitchell. Pis elevation is 6,684 feet.
What minerals are produced In North Carolln37
North Carolina has important deposits of missy minerals and annually leads the canon in dw
production of feldspar, lithium minerals, scrap mica, olivine and pyniphyllite. T'Isc Sure
ranks second in phosphate rack produaion. North Carolina does not produce significant
quantities afinetwie minerals. North Catalina does not have oil or gas pteduaiar.,
Geologynnd Mining- Dawn fo Earth Facts
Consumer products dual come from North Cawli,, s geologic resources:
Btkk - Brick manufacturing is the third largest mining industry in North Cuulini Clay is
mind and made into bricks of a[[ shapes, ralars and sixes. Bricks err also used for large
buildings and in the paving of walkways. Same stays an made into drain and floor film.
171meoslon and building stone - Many buildings, including the Sate Capital, are covered
by North Carolina dimension stone One of the mast popular is the Mount Airy grardic.
Oimensint, stone is also used to face or veneer buildings, walls lad fireptakas,
Gemseona - Emeralds, rubies, games and mom than 300 other varieties efgrnusanes ran
be found m North Carolina, Thousands of tourist and rockhounds search far gemslorce in
North Carolina cash year.
Gold - North Carolina was once a major gold producing slate, In 1799, a 17-pound nugget
was discovered in Caharrs County. That discovery touched off the First uue gold rush in the
United Stara During the mid-1800's geld wins west minted at the privately owned
Rechlls Mint in Rulherfard County and a branch of the United States Mint in Charlotte.
Allhoukis large -sole gold production ended in the I800's; gold production continued ualil
1942. New mining lechnalogy has; renewed isumst in commercial Sold prodtnclim
Crushed $lane (agrrtgatc) - The crushed rock, sand and gravel used to build roads comes
from North Carolinas largest income producin mining industry. without ig we could act
build toads of concrete or asphalt orconpruct bridges. large slants, called ripsap, are often
used on steep dopes to help bold the soil In plms, preventing erasion and scdimenution.
Kaolin clay - Kaolin day is used in the manufacture of dlnnerw art, fine porcelain and as a
pap" calling. -
Oilvine - Furnaces used to bake bricks err lined with olivine. Olivine is used as a rdcclory
tins in kilns and heating furoam..
Quartz and feldspar - Refined quarto and feldspar eomponmu are used in winision
picture tubes, Quanx of high purity is used in computer comp(me ls. TM large Palomar
telescope minor in California was nude from North Casilin'a quay¢ Feldspar is also Used
in bath tiles, abrasives in elWoers and roafng sbinrls.
Peat - Peat is mixed with soil Around plants and flowers. Peat is also used as an insulation
for racking fruits and vegrlablcs and n a protein additive in altk food
104rVOs "I AM
hiip m—.rmIop'.nvnateie us'AfinaaM�'Ifrovwsavcnrra6rso.
similar rock types " geologic history.
The roll owing e1wussm geologic bells shown in color on cite NCGS's horse page. A printed
genvylized gallog;c map i I I" x 17) is available at norm ninal charge.
Blue Ridge ]sell - This mountainous region is composed of rocks from ova one billion to
about onrhalftrillion gems old. This compin mixture ofignelos, sedimentary and
mairrarplik rock has been repeatedly squeezed, Frantmd, faulted and folded. The Blue
Ridge belt is well known for Its deposits of feldspar, mica and quartz -basic materials used in
the ceramic. paint and electronic industries. Otivine is mitted for use as a refactory material
and foundry molding sand.
Inner Plydmont bell -Thc Inner Piedmont Belt is the most intensely deformed and
metamorphosed segment of the Piedmont The metamorphic rocks range from Soo to 75D
mililion years in age- They indudegneiss and schist that have been intruded by younger
granitic rocks. The notthenl4rend5eig Brtvard fault terse fames much of cite boundary
between the Blue Ridge and the Inner Piedmont bets. Although this zone of strongly
defamed rods is one ofthe major structural fcarvils in the southern Appalachlans, its
origin is poorly understood. Crushed stone for road aggegue and building construction is
the principal commodity produced.
Kings brouutalo belt. The bell consists ofinecieratciy defomfed and metamorphosed
volcanic and sedimentary racks. The rucks are about 40D-500 million years old. Lithium
deposis here provide raw materials fro chemical compounds, ceramics, glass, gar„a,
balieria and television glus.
Mllloo Bell - This bell ccmiw of gneiascs, scldst and metamorphosed intrusive rocks. The
principal mineral rnosaee is crushed atone forroad aggregare and baidllap.
Charlotte Bell -The bell consists mostly of ignous rocks such as granile, diorite and
gabhao. Thsc axe 300-5W million years old. The igneous rocks art good scores for
crushed and dimcisionstone for road aggregate and buildings.
Carolina Stale beh - This belt camim of hwmd and defamed volcanic and sedimentary
rocks. 11 was the site of a series of ocynie volcanic islands abou 55111-65D million years ago.
The bell is known for is numerous abandanrd gold mines and ptasis"u. North Carolina led
the nation in gold production befall the Cilifbrnia Gold Rush of 1949. In recall decades.
onlymonor gold mining his taken plan, but mining companies =timfe 10 show imetcst in
the art hlinml production is coshed stone for mad aggregate and pymphyllile for
refactaries, ceramics, filler, paint and insacni:Wc carriers.
Triassic basins - The basins arc filled with sedimentary rocks that ramrod about 190.100
million years ago. Sutaras clung! mud, sill, sand and gravel from adjacad highlands in rift
rallcys similar 10 those of Africa today. The mudsiona art minted and proomstal to make
brick, Mwer pipe, structural file And drain pipe.
Raleigh bell - The Raleigh bell contains granite, gneiss and schist in the 19df century there
were a numbs of nasal] building Alone quanis in this region, bus today the main mineral
product is entitled scene for carstvclion and road aggregate.
Eastern Stale Bell • This belt cDra3Jnx slightly metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary
rocks similar to (hose of she Carolina state btll. The socks am poorly exposed and parllally
covered by the Coasal Plain sedimcro.Thc meramophic rocks, 5DD-60o million yars aid,
are intraded by younger, appmAimairly 300 millicn-yea-old, granitic bodies. Gold was
once mined in the bell, and small oeruroncs of molybdalile, and are of molybdenum, have
been prospected here Cmishcd stone, day, sand akd gavel art currently mined in this WL
Coated Plaln - The Coastal Plain is a wedge ofmastly rnarine sodiment ry rocks that
gradually thick eau to the cast. The Coastal Plain is the target bell in the State covering 45
flu I,tr-1A 9,51 M/ sr00 114n_" 931 Act

µlmrral It-. hnp'_'C.A.L, •w.uurr iivnlmml•ClnaumcR+mmral­ auroral 11...... Inip I.o„nv^ndvn...rarer. ut.nt[ncar�rne�,mcr, uennahon
F20flt
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percent of the land area. The must common sediment rypa are sand and clay, ahhnugh a
significam amount of Iimmone occurs in diCsowhern pan of the Coastal Plain. In the
Coulal Plain, geology is best understood from studying data gathered from well drilling.
The Siam's most important mineral mouree, in lerms of dollar value is phosphate, an
imponant fertilizer component, mi tied near Aurora, Beaufort County, Industrial sand for
making container and Bat glass and fenosilicon and used for flirtation and sandblasting is
mined in dse Sandhills area.
North Carollna, U.S.A.: Art fndustrfaf Mineral Storehouse
The following material was talon from Carpenter, P.A.. Ill, Reid, Jeffrey C., and Gardner,
Charles II., 1995, Nanh Carolina, U.S.A.: An indusirial mini mi slorehowe, in Brian 1,
Waller, editor, Claudette M. Simard, compiler, Proceedings afrhe 3841r Symposium an
Industrial Minerals, May 3.8. 1992, Maninsburg, West Virginia, USA, West Virginia
Gmlogic and Economic Circular C-16• p. 65.70. Copies of the complete paper including
maps and figures, and relctenea arc available from the authors upon riquesl. Use of this
material should be aeeompanied by appropriate citation.
ABSTRACT
North Carolinas varied and complex geology is reflected in die divcrsityof its mineral
industry, Althqugb no mielailif mine li iie mined ]lretenlly, North Carolina has a
long-established industrial minerals industry. North Carolina lads attic nation in the
pmducion of r:14a, lithium minerals, scrap mica, arivine, and pytephillim, and also leads
in the production ofelayused for brick manufactue. The stale ranks second in phorphalc
mat: production. Additional production is from crushed stone, sand and gravel. dimension
stone, kaolin, peat and gem stones. Recemly, discovered Imaay mineral dgmils will be
pmduecd in tic near fount Typically North Carolinas annual mineral production is aver
S500 million dollars- ..
INTRODUCTION
North CAmlini's visied sad compia geology is reflected in the divcisily of its mint
industry. Although metallic no metallic minerals zee presently mined, the long miablislicd
production cf a varietyafindustrial minerals allows the sole to Maintain a position in the
top? l mineral {wodsrcss by value in the radon Ty inlly, North Carolina`s annual mineral
production a ceedi $500 million dollars.
Lithium mincmts, phusphateriick, ind crushed stone account for the bulk of the annual
mineral production. North Carolina leads the nation in [he production of feldspar, lithium
minerals, scrap miles, alivinc and pymphyllite, Tilt stale leads the nation in the production
of clay used for brick mxmfacture and ranks seeondi in phosphate rock prodltitiun, Noah
Carolina doe not produce significant quaniitim ofineullic minerals bur has potential
taourtes. .
Industrial minerals a'e mined thoeghout North Carolina in the Macmillan, Piedmont and
Coastal Plain province. Sind and gravel me mined In about half the counties sad a variety
afigneous and metamorphic rocks arc quairried in many Mountainind Piedmont counties
I'm the production of rnnhed stone and dimension stone. The Coastal Plain has a few
limestone quaciea which produce erusl:cd stone and agricvltuml limestone.
INDUSTRIAL MINERALS
Ctsy - Common days suitable for the manufacture of brick and tile products arc found
throughout the Coaswl Plain, Piedmont, and Mountain 1ariavinees.-Thm4 clays Provide ore
taw materials for the manufacture of bricks. North Carolina is annually the nalions leader in
brick production. Mines in the the ecanal Piedmont obtain clays from weathered state bell
Ildr-tyli 9.51 Mil gar to
MlpJh,ra'.smlaay.ter.rlale.re,urTluhc]I!'�Ilreohae etmuhaabea,. stinml Hcsourtn
Mitchell County, but companies in the Kings Mauntain-Chcrryti•ille area recover a
feldspar -silica wncrntnic during mica and lithium beneficiation.
Feldspar Production has dcacaicd each year since reaching a rt ccal high S 15.5 millian in
1986. The U.S. feldspar producers receive strong competition fmm Canadian producers of
nephelime synnilc. Nephelirm sycnitc is usid fro manyorihc some pialiascs as kldspat.
The main rues of feldspar are in bbeware, tile, and ylais filer instilauon. Feldspar is used
both in the body ofthe ai'am and die glaze oforaanim.
Mica • Mica mining began an a large sale in western North Carolina about 1861. The arm
has become The most important produeir of mica in Ihi US. Sheet mica was the principal
product for many years, bet other materials have eliminated many of the uses fro sheet mica.
Consequently, North Carolina has not produced signirimill amounts ofshect min since
about 1961, Scrap mica is still produced in large quantities. Primary sources are alaskile and
pcEzrutiles.
North Carolina annually leads the nation in the production afserap mica, producing about
GO pereent of Ne total: Prirnary production is horri Mikhdl County in•dsr Spwce Pine
district, ind in Cleveland Cowhry in the Kings Mountain district Mica is produced as a
coproduct of feldspar, silica, and kaolin mining and as a byproduct of lithium mining.
Both wet and dry -ground products are produced Ihy-gmwid mica is used primarily in the
manufacture ofgypwm plasterboard joint cement, wall board, mid %e0-dell'nrg muds_
Wet-baotmd mica is reed In cosmcncs, paint, and plastic manufacture.
Ltihlvrn- Although Heil rctagnizcd as early as 1906, the eoomcrmic signifiicancc of the
spodamen-bcaring pegmasiles of the fangs Mounuaia district was not rcalizcd until 1942.
Today, this relatively small area in Cleveland end Gasttt n counties contains more than BO
percent of the known lithium ore reserves in flit U.S. Estimated proved and prabsble
ram -es, of 70 million short tow of 30 perunI spodumrne or 1.5 patent 1.00.
The lithium -bearing pegmatiml; crop out along a 1-mile-wide zone on the west flank of the
Kings Moum ain Shear zone This shear xcoc scparales high-grade meamorpmc rocks or she
Inner Piodmont an the wcsl from lower giadimetamarphie rocks of the Kings Mountain
belt on the tact. Thc pcgrr itas contain approtimntely?ti percent spodumcrre, 32 percent
quani, 27 percent alb'ate, 14 percent rninocline, and 6 percent musm.im. The pebmsathe
zone was originally refrned Teas die fin-spodumme bell bemuse cassitcriie'occurs in same
pegrosniles in this same Zone,
Spodumene is mined la produce lithium carbdoam; lithium mewl, and ehcrnical compounds,
Lithium is also used In manufanure of ceramics, glass, greases. TV glass, and batteries. in
recital years, increased foreign production of lithium carbonate has resulted in temporary
Closings at several of thr tnlncs. '
011i•lae - Olivine occ is as isolald dunite bodies, or alpinrlype peridoiiles, in the Blue
Ridge. Two main districts, the Webster -Balsam district in Jackson County and the Spmcc
Pine distriu in Yancey and Mhdtell counties, have produced mast afthc olivine. The
deposits wntian 50 to 90 Per=, olivine. Vcmieulitc and uullophyllite asbestos she occur
in the same rocks as the olivine and have been itiined in the put. North Carolina lads an
nation in otivinc production, although production is presently limited to the Daybook Mine
new Burnsville in Yarecycounry,
01ivine is a magnesium silienie used principally as a m1fictory. It is becoming increasingly
imponam as a molding sand in the foundry industry. Olivine is being studied for
heal -storage blocks for hest-stongc Contacts.
Olivinr production has declined in recent yeais because of a decline in steel production and
because of increased competition fmm olivine imports.
meks. In lee and Moore counties• clays arc mined from Triatsie sediments. In addition to
(aer beck, Wirt major usa for day are rot libhhvrigfi ag8rcgate, cement- common brick,
seven pipe, and to a Imser catmt, strucwril, drain tile, and glared tilt. 1:aolin is mrarcmd
as a byproduct of feldspar and mica benficiation in Avery and Cleveland counties.
Crushed stone - For many yrars, crushed stone has been the leading mineral commodity by
valuc'in the state Annually, it accounts for almost one -hair of the total mineral production
value, leading counties in the production afcrw1 rd stone arc Wake. Mecklenburg, Gilfatd,
Forsytit, and Buncombe. the tap five companies produce over 80 percent of the lannagt.
These companies are Martin Marictw Aggregates Company, Nctlo L Tea Company
(Bazrr, USA), Vulcan Materials Campany, and Wake Stone Corporation.
Grmirc and related msulline rocks in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge geologic belts provide
the principle sources of crushed stone in Nonh Carolina. Other quarries art loaled in lift
dense Arne -grained tells of tx Carolina Slate bell. Cr)staDine limestone and marble arc
quarried, in limited amounts, in the Piedmont and Mountain regions. Shcil limestone from
the Castle Hayrnc and Rives Bend formations and the Rocky Point Member of the Perdec
Formation arc the primary sources orerushed stone in the Coastal Plain.
Dimension stone - Mast dimension scone in North Carolina is produced Item granite,
agrilhIt, quanzi It, marble, and sandstone. The North Carolina Gracile Company opmtes
one of the largest granile dimension stone quarries in flit world at PAL Airy in Story County.
Tim Mounl Airy granite is a light-calard biotic granitoid (monaagranile}- Tic rack is used
as serest curbing, ashlar for masonry walls, rubble, rip -top, monumen s, and sawed blocks
far buildings. Dimension granite is also quarried in Rowan County from light-colored gray
to pink granite of dte Salisbury p1mon. This granite is used for foundalions, street -curbing,
paving, and monuments, Dark bluish -gray arg'rlOm (Mudstanr Member of the Cid
Formation) is quanied by Jacabs Creck Slone Company from slate belt rocks in
Montgomery and pavidson COUnlim. This stone's smooth, nalural cleavage allows it to he
used extensively in floating• stair treds, borders, and window sills. Marble is quarried near
hlt.•rphy ns market conditions dictate. A variety of rocks, such as mctasandstone, quartzite,
phyllile, and other metamorphic tucks are grearried in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont for
dimension stone uses.
Sand and graved - Sand and gmvel fur construction purposes arc mined in about half the
counties in North Carolina, Th r S andhill s region ill A neon, M oarc, Lee. H amdl, and
Richmond counlics is dic'Onriple producing area. Much of [bc sand is obtained farm the
Pinehurst Formation. Gravel is mined from the overlying terrace gravels. Material from this
area is shipped to many parts of the stale and to South Carolina. In wmtem North Carolina,
Buncombe County is the largest producer of sand and gravel, Most sand is used farmescmt
aggregate, asphallic concrcic, and fill. '
Industrial sand is mined prir:lwily in Anson and Richmond lVwltia in the Sandhills region.
Additional tonnages are also obtained during feldspar and lithium bencfrelaiiar, in the
Spruce Pine and Fings Mountain areas. Most of the sand is used in the contains and
flat. glass indusaim and also for ferrosilieam, rshtation, sandblasting- and traction industries.
Fddzpar -Feldspar was first mined in North Carolina in 1911 in the Spruce Pine district,
the ruin feldspar.producing district in North America Original mining was from pepratile
bodice but nmcnt mining is from alaskite,a very eoase,graioed, light-colored•
feldcpar-quana-muscovite rack. Composition of the rocks avmgm about 40 percent
plagioclase(soda-spar),?5 percent quartz,?0 percent micro line(polash-spw), and 15
Percent mwcovile, The nlastite: is processed using a thtmstage acid cirrut Reation,
By-product mica and silica arc also recovered. Most of the production is from mines in
lrrlpaas 901 Ada
knpwwzv,ceo1op,—Lure—.-11'fi r'Lb—Cit"'nemiatso..
Phosphate - In the late t950's a phosphate deposit was found bc=lh a large panion of
Beaufort Coamy in the Miocene Pungo River Formation. Subsequent aplormion deliniated
a minsbk cam body dial contained about 2 billion sow of phosphate om. North Carolina is
now the second-Iezding pliosplum producer behind Florida. About 95 peeterit of the total
United Styles phosphate production comes fmm North Catalina and Florida
Phosphate is produced by Potash Corporation of 5eskalchewan who purchased the assets of
Tawcutf, Incorpomtcd in 1985. Phosphate production is from the large opte•pil I.ce Creck
mine located near Aurora in Bavfon County, The major portion of the output farm this
mine is used in nrsrby dlemicad facilities to produce phosphoric acid, triple supetphaaptule,
and diammmonium phosphate. In 19B5, Texasgulf, incorporated, purohasird North Carolina
Phosphate Corporation (NCPC). NCPC was developing a mine and plant new the Taasgulf
operation.
DePesits of phosphorite also occur o6 North Carolinas coast in the nanheasl Onslow Bay
district and the Frying Pan Shoals district. The lower pan of she Pliocrnc Yorktown
Fanmarion conwiw phosphcriti in the Aurora phosphate district and milmitsents a potential
imaume, Further mploraiean may lead to production from these deposits.
Pyrtrphylllte and tate - Pymphyllim is a high alumina mineral that, in North Carolina,
aecrns orcltsively within hydruilmanally, altered felsic volcanic rocks of dse Carolina Slate
beLL The mineral was first mined exammerially in Nonh Carolina in 1855 and has been
mined almost cominuously since that time. Pytaphyllilr is mined near Robbins and Glendon
in Moore County and at Hillsborough in Orange County. Majarmes for the pyzophyllilc we
in the refactory, ceramic, paint, and insecticide industries and As ajoint compound filler.
The Orange County deposit comaiw andalusite in addition to pymphyllile. Other
pymphyllite departs in the slotc brit have been mined and pmwwcd and may provide
additional reserves.
Talc dr{wsits we Associated with the white, siriecous, dolomitic Murphy Marble in
Cherokee and Swain wumies. These deposits were mined as early as IS59 but arc currently
inactive.
Heavy mletrab - Deposits nfbca.y minerals, including Amenilc, rutile, and zircon have
been discoverd in the tipper Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Total reamer arc w6mated at
25 million shontons ofheaty minerals. In Nash Carolina the deposits are locarad in
Wilson, Nash, and Halifax counties. Saufll a %Tisand is evaluating a deposit rot possible
development near Roanoke Rapids, and RGC (USA) Minerals, Inc. is evaluating deposits in
the Aurelian Springs and Bailey anss.
Gemataam - North Carolina has long born famous for the variety of precious and
term-pierinus crones found in die Piedmont and Mountain regions of the state Several
dorm ccr men. ally operated
—colllecting localities are open Ice the public Amateur eollccton
sods for emeralds, rubles, tepphires, hlddrnnc, gamer, and other semillunrious stones.
Nanll Carolina ranks first in die cast in die mining toad marketing of gennstartm and mineral
spaaments.
The main gem -collecting eoutitia arc Alaanda (emeralds and hiddenite), Macon (rubies,
sapphires, and garners). and Mitchell (emsxldi and aquamarine).
Other non•mel]0tc miners is - Additional minerals may eventually be discovered in
economic qumlitim in North Carolina Monazite, a mineral that contains ram -earth
elenunts, was once mined in the western Piedmont, and occurrences arc also known in die
es lcm Piedmont. Monazim, iimcnite, and wlile may occur with other hearty minerals
Offshore.
Diamonds - The source of 13 diamonds found in North Carolina during the mid- to
7oria 1M1IXW 9.31 Mil A to 1i41:WA 9-it Asa

.k"-lHectare tenn•uue M.100 mesateakunotrtcunccc+ kie'...x'n**ruxf]1LJw ixx hlimaar•�Isaown rstrti, crrlreso
late-1500's has never brit dncrmince . Accent NCGS nstareli on lamprohes in the
Charlohc area may provide clue to the source nr these diamonds and for diamond
prospecting in usher areas of tlic Piedmont.
NnigERAL pvE1.S
Mineral fuels provide the primiry murccs ofrnergy cunrml} camumed in the world. They
include coal, petroleum, natural gas, and uranium, North Carolina is drfcicnl in the mineral
fuels and must import throe ansaumcs from outside sources in order to meet its energy
requiremcnis.
Coal - Only one area in North Carolina i5 known In contain coal beds of potential
commercial imponarlce This ata is the !Jeep River Caal field which lies alane the Deep
River in Chatham, Moon, and fee counties. The coal field is in the Deep River Triassic
Basin and om:pies a cone of about 35 miles long and 5 to 10 milts wide. Its cc filer lie,
about 10 mifes northwest of -Sanford, North Cim6na.
The medium volatile bituminous coal occurs in beds in the Commack Formation. h is
associated with shales, siltstoncs, and sandstone. Coal beds in the Cumnvck range from a
kw inches lel 48 inches thick. The Cumnock and the Carolina coal mines produced real
From Ibis scam inlertnitterdly from 1854 to 1953.
There were lhtcc important periods ofcoal production in the Deep River coal field. The first
ims from 1861 to 1873 during, and as a rrsull of. the Civil War, The second period was
from 1839 to 1905, when the Cumrock Aline was the only producer. The third was from
1918 to 1930, when bath the Cumnack and Carolina Mines went open During 1949
approximately 14,000 tons ofcaal were produced from the Carolina mine. However,
because the coal scam is deeply buried and badly broken by numemtss dissecting faults,
production in the Dap River area coastal in 1953.
11 is estimated that 110,337,000 tons ofstcam am coking coal it, ises. Ifawevcr, because or
foulling in the arcs, less that hat fofthis coal might be mined In order to eecover a large
quantity of roes] from this area, much sabsurface sirucrunl geologic mapping and drilling
most be done to delermine the locations or faulted coal scans
Pear - Fucl-grade pet deposits rover about 677,000 a= in Coastal North Ca !lira Total
reserves are about 500 million tons of moisture -face Pca1. These deposes formed in the past
10,000 years in svaratps or pocesirss. Carolina bays. and river Rood plains. Most of the peat
occurs at the surface with no overburden. The pool ranges from I to 15 feel Chid: and
avenges 4,3 feel thick. The largest deposits an in die Albemarle -Pamlico peninsula and the
Dismal stump. Marry enviromnental conreins must be faced before these environmentally
scnsiave areas can be mined. Production, to date, has been for use in al imltuml products
such as coil mnditiomns and pottinC soil. Other mes of peat include as a lrwl source, a feed
stock for syndserie compounds, a waste moment material, and as a filter material.
Petroleum and natural gas - Approximlely 125 exploratary' oil and gas wells have linen
dented in North Cunlies since Live rinse one was drilled in 1975. Most have been in the ouler
Coastal Plain Tracy of oil and gas have bcm directed in a few, of These wells but no
Producing welts have been developed,
Several areas in North Carolina are considered to ftare potential to produce oil and pas. The
main aces is the outer Coast'] Plain. It tantaim a rclativcly thick pile of sedimentary rocks
including some excellent trap or miervoirrocks, but spume rocks may not be firms.
Seismic surveys in the Blur Ridge suggmt thal sedimentary narks arc deep benmill die
crystalline mdcs_ These sediments may be similar is oif- and gas- bearing sediments in the
Valley and Ridge Province. Detailed studies have not been conducted to verify the seismic
surveys.
The Triassic basins have rc%�ciunl ateition from oil and pas erplurotion companies during
recent yc�rs. Excellent source rocks an prcaent, hot the sandstones arc not permeable.
Fine-6miried material RM pore spaces betivem the sand gmins, pm•enting air Migm6on of
hydrocarbons. tic Curorinek'and Guifcnal beds have" been studies rot possible in -situ
methane gas generation-
Mobii biz Corpuroiinn pmposed to drill for natural gas of the Atlantic steel[oRthe Nonh
Carolina coast,
l lr inlum minerats • A number of+he uranium -bearing minerals actor as minor constituents
in doe pcEmtatires of Nonh Carolina. These pcpmlites are principally in the Spruce Pine
district and adjacent areas. Radioactive minerals have found in schists and underlying
granitic rocks in northern Durkt, hti lckdl, Avrry, and adjacent counties. Ifut,"cr, it is not
likely that any of these oeeuredces is large enough in be ofcommenial value Trace
amounts of uniformly distributed uranium are associated with the phosphate deposits of
Scaufon County.
In 1982 hl arine Uranium Corporation announced the discovery of a 30-million-loon uranium
on: body in Masylvania County, Virginia. The are body %vas in augcn gneiss adjacent to the
Chatham Fault, along thr wins side of the Danville Triassic basin. Because of a drop in
uranium are pricy and local opposition to die project, these deposits were not devtloprd.
Similar mekx rather south in Rockingham County; Nunh Camiina, were also nplored
51 ETALLIC MINERALS
Metallic minerals am usncialed print-spI ly with the igicom and meamcrt hie rocks of1he
Piedmont and 01ur Ridge geologic belts. Orto of chromium, capper, gold and sils'er, iron,
brad and zirtic, manganese, molyladmum, nickel, tin, l itani um, and kmgsi coo all orcur in
either the Piedinonl or Mountain Provinces.
Although of lildc imporiatce in the stores mining industry today. gold, copper, iron, and
lungsren went produced in the past. During the 1950's-Ott flamme Mirc in Vance Count'
was the largest ruagsen mine in the U.S. The mix was rtopencd as the Tungsten Queen
Mine for a short sime about 1970 but closed in the fall of 1971 because of declining tungsten
prim. Cersiderable reserves of tungsten remain at the site.
North Carolina was die nations boding gold produce Oar 1a the 1849 discoveries in
California. Because of its geologic similarity to important metal mining districts in Canada,
the Carolina Slate D ell has been an arcs of ex lensive explorations It is corssidcr ed'a goad site
fat the discavery of base metal deposits (copper; lead and tine) and gold associated with
ancient hat -spring systems. The use of bmp-laachfng methods to recover gold Bom
low-grade ear has revive interest in th slate belt. The rrccel devdopment of fuser mines in
South Carnrns has erieauraged continued exploration in similar geologic settings in North
Carolina.
140-
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311 Allled
Stale of Nosh carottna
James H, Hunt. Jr.. Governor
Dvpart cnt of Environment, ffesJth.
and Nmtaal Rtsou[ces
fonwhan B. Howei.Secri ary
Division of Land Rc%uuMra
Lilarlel H. Gantrk:r
Dimclor and SWI: Gcotogisl
1994
1/4/20OR 9:57 AM
orl

ac-USGS
science fora changing hard
Coastal Wetlands and Global Change, Overview
The potential impacts of climate change arc of great practical concern to those interested in coastal wetland resources.
Among the areas o f greatest risk In the United Stales are low-lying eoastal habitats with easily eroded substrates which occur
aleng the northern GulFof Maaico and southeast Atlnnlle coasts. The Intergovernmental Panel an Climate Change (IPCC) end
the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) here identified coastal wetlands as ccasysitms most vulnerable to direct,
large-scale impacts of climate change. primarily hecouse oflhrir sensitivity.tn increases in sca-level rise.
Global sea level has risen between
10 and 25 ern over the past 100 years.
The IPCC (1995) expects avenge sea
level will continue to increase as a
result of therrnal expansion and Melting
of glaciers and ice sheets. Models
using the IPCC's current "best
estimate" values ofelimatE sensitivity
and !cc me l suggest an increase in sea
level of about 50 cm from the present
to 2Ii10.,Conl inued rise in sea level will
increase the depth of coastal waters
and will cause inland and upstream
salinity intrusion, both efwhich will
&fries fresh and brackish -water.
wetlands. While there is uncertainty
regarding the influence nfglobal
warming an the frequency and
intensity nfsiorm events, sca-level rise
alone has the potential for increasing
Ole severity ofstonn surge, particularly
in areas where coastal habluta and,.
barriershomlines are rapidlydeRriarat-
ing. These direct consequences of
globil change incraase the vulnerabil-
ity afcoutal wetlands (Including
mangroves and self marshes) which are
already heavily impacted by human.
Activities.
Continued loss of coastal wetlands
has tremendous economic end
biological consequences. These areas
provide essential habitat far many
endangered and threatened Species. as
well as many commercially important,
and mcmational Fisheries. Coastal '
awes or Louisiana alone provide the
natural resource base for a 51-billion-
perytar fish and sheSlfish industry.
Threatened Habitats
Canto] wetlands will be arfeacd by
Iarge-scaleclimaticshifts. Forcrsmple,
rates ofsubsidcnce (the sinking of
land below sea level) and it&4evel rise
(or "eustacy," caused by thermal
expansion afwater and melling of polar
ice caps and glaciers) arc not being'
balanced by accrelian (sediment
accumulation) in manygulfcout
wetlands, resulting in increased
(loading, saltwater intrusion into
freshwater wedinds, and Erosion of
the coastline (Fig• 1). Althoughmany
coastal wetlands have maintained their
relative erevotion in response to
gradual increases of 1.7 mmlyr in see•
level rise over the fint several hundred
I
years, these rates are projected 10
incrense two- to fourfold within the
next century.
Global change models predict a 11
to 3.5a C increase in global mean
temperature by 2100 but knowledge is
insulllcient to ratiaMy model changes
In regional precipitation patterns
(IPCC, 1995). Veriatlon s in patttms of
precipitation and temperature can
affect the growth of individual trees,
tree species population dynamics.
Ecosystem structure, and the geo-
graphic distribution of low4 y Erg
forests and forest communities.
Underlying the predicted climatic
changei Is an overall increase in
carbon dioxide concentrations 41 the
Frg. 1.'Ghost swamps' result when saltwater noods Imldcypress swamps.
atmosphere. increased atmospheric
carbon dioxide concentrations should
also result in an increase in dissolved
Inorganic carbon concentrations In
coastal waters: Such a change may
affect the submerged aquatic plant.
commsmitles,
Goals
The coastal wetland global change
research program seeks to L) identify
sensitive ceosystems and critical
processes, 2) understand the current
condition of these ecosystems, 3)
develop predictive toola which model
the vulnerabitity.or habitats to envimn-
mental changes, and 4) develop
In anagement recommendations to
omel3orate the potential impacts, This
work has concentrated on Iand
managed by the Dcpartmcat of th e
Interinr(Fig, 2). Climate change Is
projected to have significant reginnal
impacts on resource management end
use of these public tends. Southeast;
ern coastal wetlands are also high
priority areu rorstate fish ond'wildlife
agencits because of die renewable
rtsnurce hose associated with these
habitats.
Coastal Marshes
Over the put few decades. the rate
at which coulal wellinds have been
lost world-wide has averaged 05.1.5%
per year, In many coastal wetlands, the
level ofthe marsh surface does keep
pace with the currant global average
"n-level rise or 1-2 mntlyr. However,
areas in south Louisiana with high
local rates ufsoil subsidence arc
experiencing relative sca-ravel rise
rates up to 10 times the global mean
sea -level rise. Localized soil comp&c•
'lion, impacts from human activities,.
see -level rise, and other factors have
contributed to rates of coastat wetland
loss in south Louisiana exceeding 65
krrtrlyr,
U.S. Geological Survey(USGS)
scientists and their collaborators have
evaluated Lite potential for the submer-
gence and subsequent loss of a range
of wetlands along the coast of the
United States. Marsh submergence can
only be prevented ifsediment cccumu•
lation and organic maacr production
and accumulation by PEAnts result in a
vertical buildup of the marsh so
surface elevation keeps pact with or
exceeds the rate orralative sca-ievel
rise.
Surface elevation changes logged
behind sediment deposition at 7 or the
12 coastal wetlands studied. Four sites
with significant soil subsidence and
lower surface elevations relative ca sea
level had high rates of sediment
accumulation. This inverse relationship
suggests-lhtii physical and biological
processes oeeurting in the lap few
meters orthe Solt are as or more
important than sediment accumulation
in determbiingsoil surface elevation
(Fig. 3). it is likely that estimates of
marsh Inss based only an tide gauge
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Ffg, 2, Study sites for the coastal marsh ruseerch,
Surface
Aevaam tide
I!!!
h,iT:
dal
Ri
Frg.3. Malhods used to mans are marsh
alovallon charigo and shallow
subsidence.
records and rates orsedimrnt necumu-
lotion underestimate the acluol rates of
coastal wetland submergence.
As sea level rises, roastol marshes
can also persist by extending inland
and occupying formerly upland sites.
As lower Elevation sites became
submerged, marsh build-up and
expansion may occur up the slope OF
did landward marsh boundary. This
hnrizontal migration can be impeded if
the slope of the surface is too steep or
ifbarricn to new marsh formation exist.
such as sea walls, roads, or buildings.
Duke University and USGS scien-
tists recently modeled the movemcnlof
the marsh edge in North Carolina's
Pam lico sound. Field data indicate that
movement orthe marsh edge occurs in
a series of disuele evcnLs. These
events are separated by Inngcr periods
Of relative lylilt to marsh movement.
Inland movement of the marsh is
associated with disturbance or the
upland vegetation from maj or slatrns ar
fire. The general made implies chat
upslope marsh movement is controlled
not only by sca-level rise but also by
local conditions.

Submerged Aquatic Plants
Communities ofsubmergcd aquatic
vegetation found in marine, estuarine,
and coastal freshwater environments
provide critical habitat for fish, shrimp,
wintering waterfowl, and endangered
species such as sea turtles and
manatees, as well as improve water
quality and provide erosion prolection.
Flild and laboratory experiments
addressed the response of submerged
Plant species to elevated dissolved
inorganic carbon concentration$ in the
water calumn, sea -levee rise/salinity
intrusion; and physical disturbanceby
stoma.
The phmnsynlhetic activity of three
freshwater submerged aquatic plant
species—wild-celery,coontail, and
hydrilla--as well as a saagrass species,
shoatgrass , exposed to higher
concentrations of dissolved carbon
dioxide were measured in the lnboro.
tory, Ali four species showed an
increase in photosynthetic activtry in
response to higher carbon dioxide
concentrations. The results ofexpen.-
ments with shoalgrass are particularly
significant because seagraes photo-
synthesis was not thought to be
limited by dissolved inorganic carbon
concentrations.
Longer term growth experiments
-am conducted with wild -celery and
shoalgrass grown in laboratory
mesocosms aerated with carbon.
dioxide•eariched air. Both species
exhibited changes in biomass alloca-
tion and an increased ratio orcarbon to
nitrogen in certain plant tissues but did
not respond with increased growth,
Higher ratios ofearbon to nitrogen in
plant tissue tend to provide poorer
qualityfarage for wintering waterfowl
that rely on aquatic plant species few
their food supply. Increased epiphytic
growth occurred an shoolgras$ and
resuhed in a decline In its dominance
because or shading by the epiphytes
(plants which depend upon other
plants for structural support).,
'We con associate general groups of
submerged aquatic vegetation rpecies
with broad salinity zones. But as sea
level continues to rise, salt water coil l
move farther intend; subjecting fresh
and brackish marsh communities in
salinity stress. Experiments In a
greenhouse showed. that species
known to be Strang competitors for
light and nutrients dominated at low
salinities but did not grew well at
higher salinities because of a physi-
oldgicnl Intolerance to high salinity.
Specie tolerant of high salinities
proved to be weak competitors at low
salinities. At moderate to high salinities
Community structure was determined
by the salinity tolerance of the species..
Results indicate that salt tolerant
species including wild -celery, widgeon
grass, and saga pondwced will
dominate those areas where saltwater
Intrusion results in habitat with higher
salinities. An Increase in the severity of
"pica] storms associated with climate
change can also have acute Impacts an
seagras_$ communities.
Tunlcgrass was found in protected
areas of Chandeltur Sound located off
coastal Louisiana which are character-
ized by nutrient rich sediments of high
arganic content and low sand content,
Manatee grass occurred in patches
characterized by sandy sediments, An
Increase in the deposition of sandy
beach and offshore sediments in
seagrass beds is expected to cause
shuts in community structure by
promoting an increase ofmanolee
grass.
Coastal Forested Wetlands
Forested wetlands at low elevations
are already thrtmencd by logging and
allerations in hydrology. USGS
scientists and their collaboratnvs
examined the effects of potential
increases in flood duration and salinity
level through a series of growth and
physiological experiments on I 0 major
wetland tree cad shrub species.
Physiological measures can be
good predictors of,whole-plant growth
responses that may not he evident For
years or decades. In greenhouse
experiments, baldcypress was
relatively tolerantto Permanent
Flooding but relatively Imolcrant to
exposure to saline waters. Oaks, .which
usually occur an ridges no more than
30-60 can above the surrounding
swamps, were vulnerable to a combine.
lion of Flooding and salinity stress.
Chinese tallowtree, a highly invasive
exotic species, was lolemnt to the
combined salinity and flooding
stresses associated with simulated
storm surges. Flooding was more
important than small Increases in
salinity in the growth and survival of
most tree species tested, whereas
chronic or large increases In salinity
were very harmful to all of the species
tested regardless of flooding regime.
Large-scale shifts and/or losses in
we0and forest communities are likely
to occur over the next 50 years due In
Selinity.increasm if current trends In
seo-level rise continue. However,
considerable variation in salt tolerance
exisled among tlmural populations of
boldcypress. Greenhouse and Feld
experiments demonstrated that this
tolerance has o genetic component and
]s inheritable. These findings imply
that new varieties of baldrypress can
be developed and used in reforestation
efforts where existing populations
hove been killed by saltwater intrusion.
Long-term monitoring at big Thicket
National Preserve in southeast Texas is
helping us understand eoostal.forest
response to climate change. Permanent
study plots help quantify the dynam-
ics of rarest structure and response to
changes in climate. Resulting data
suggest that increases in drought
associated with changing climate may
signiftcnntly alter tmdcrslory seedling
populations in botiomland forests and
recruitment into the sapling loyen, and
ultimately influence nverilarycanopy
structure,
increased disturbance associated
with flooding and storms may favor
early successional, shade•Intoierani
species at she expense of shade.
tolerant species. Perhaps mare
importarrtly, increased disruptions to
the Forest canopywill provide recruit-
ment opportunities for exotic woody
species, enhancing their rate of
invasion Into natural stands. The
costs to control exotic species will
continue to rise In notional parks and
other managed natural areas.
Landscope simulation models
confirmed that hurricane disturbance
also plays a major role in the structural
composition of mangrove forests
across south Florida end Everglades
Notional Park. Future climate change
scenarios using these models suggest
that damage associated with strong
starms will likely result in future
mangrove forests of smaller stature
and that shifts in species composition
to stands dominated by red mangrove
arc likely,
Net Loss of Coastal Habitat
The ability to predict landward
movement of coastal marsh caused by
sea level rise depends on knowledge
arihe current vegetation distribution
and the relationship to topography,
A model based on elevation
to eosurements retarded from di rfennt
locations in St. Marks NWR was used -
to analyze the topography and track
the process and pattern of coastal
inundol'son for given see -level rise
pmjeclions (Fig. 4). All three sea -level
rise projections adopted by the
tntergovemmental Panel an Climate
Change indicate that major portions of
the coastal zone would he permanently
flooded, bringing about a movement of
vegetation community types and loss
in total area and proportion ofsome
habitats. The model suggests that a
large area of land will be quickly
converted from coastal sell- and
freshwater marsh to open water on the
scale of marsh loss experienced in
south Louisiana. There will be some
shift of emergent marsh into forested
zones as wetlands extend inland, but a
net loss ormarsh habitat will occur.
Site geography and the Slope of the
land in St. Marks refuge will present an
effective barticr to the establishment
and growth of some plant communities
because of lack orsuilahle habitat
conditions. The land form in this area
increases sharply in slope from the sea
inland, effectively squeezing area
available For forest and marsh.
Conclusions
The research of USGS scientists
and their collaborators mvaeb bath the
scale and scope of potential global
change impacts on plant communities
of low-lying coastal areas. While there
remain many uncertainties regarding
regional and local responses to
changes in climate, current studies of
plants and landforms of the U.S.
southeastern coastal zone provide
strong evidence of the effects of sea -
level rise and tropical storms, In the
southeastern coastal plain, USGS
scientists have documented trends in
® 95 cm -high estimate
® 50 cm - mid (best estimate)
15 cm - low estimate
Based on IPCC soa-level rise model (1995) '4+i
Red line approximates present shoreline Ali
>fa.4. Pmdlrsnd ahomenn chnage. by 7 inn ch—A--.0.l InuaAannn „ r the cr
Marks Nallonal Wildlife Refuge area, Florlda. for tow, mid (best), and high
prolectianr of sea -level rise.
U.S. 0evan:n.14 of th. I+tenor
U.S' Gmbakal Svnry
the changing dynamics of plant
communities, lass of coastal wetlands,
and erosion of constal habitats. Future
research should provide a more
thorough undentanding of wetland
response to sca-level rise and other
tonsequcaces of long-term environ-
mental change.
Far racroinformation, contact
canon cvrsrrnrperFrr
Beni 1 atria
or
t 7rRialaA Va k! n
U.S. Geological Survey
National Wetlands Research Canter
700 C.jundoate l41vd,
Lnfoycttc, LA 705U6
3111.266-$500
bcth vairin@usr;Lgov
hued/www,nwrc.gnv
Cooperators;
Rice University
Louisiana State University
Duke University
Clemson University
Universtty orsou th wester"
Loublano
University of Georgia
The College of WlRlam and Mary
Louisiana Unlvenitles Marine
Consortium
East Carolina University
Lemont- Doherty Geological
Observatory
Tall Timbers Research Station
USGS rSbaa-gr
June 1997