NCG110122_COMPLETE FILE - HISTORICAL_20120306

TER DIVISION CODING SHEET
NCG PERMITS
ISTORICAL FILE
ONITORING REPORTS
1,0 1 a Lv
lYYMMDD

MCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
Beverly Eaves Perdue Chuck Wakild, P.E.
Governor Director
March 16, 2012
Newlyn McCullen, Plant Superintendent
City of Whiteville
PO Box 607
Whiteville NC 28472-0607
Subject: NPDES Compliance Inspection Report
Whiteville WWTP
NPDES General Permit No, NCG110122
Columbus County
Dear Mr. McCullen:
Dee Freeman
Secretary
I conducted an inspection of the Whiteville WWTP Facility on February 12, 2012. This inspection was conducted
to verify that the facility is operating in compliance with the conditions and limitations specified in NPDES
General Permit No. NCG110122. The findings and comments noted during this inspection are provided in the
enclosed copy of Compliance Inspection Report.
There were no significant issues or findings noted during this inspection, thus a response to this inspection
report is not required.
If you have any questions concerning this report, you may contact me at the letterhead contact information or
via email at [e-mail].
Sincerely,
Enclosure
Cc: Wilmington Regional Office File — Permit Type by County
Central Files, Surface Water Protection Section
Wilmington Regional Office
127 Cardinal Drive Extension Wilmington, NC 28405
Phone: [phone] / FAX; 910-3So-2004
Internet: www_ncwaterguality.org
Dean A Hunkele
Senior Environmental Specialist
None
rthCarolina
)Vaturally
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer
50% Recycled/10% Post Consumer Paper

Compliance Inspection Report
Permit: NCG110122 Effective: 12/08/08 Expiration: 05/31/13 Owner: City of Whitevilie .
SOC: Effective: Expiration: Facility: Whiteville WWTP
County: Columbus 1000 Nolan Ave
Region: Wilmington
Whiteville NC 28472
Contact Person: Newlyn McCullen Title: ORC 1 Superintendent Phone: [phone]
Directions to Facility:
System Classifications:
Primary ORC: Certification: Phone:
Secondary ORC(s):
On -Site Representative(s):
24 hour contact name Newlyn McCullen Phone: [phone]
On -site representative Newlyn McCullen Phone: [phone]
Related Permits:
NCO021920 City of Whitevifle - Whiteville WWTP
Inspection Date: 02/12/2012 EntryTime: 10:00 AM Exit Time: 10:45 AM
Primary Inspector: Dean A Hunkele Phone: [phone]
Secondary Inspector(s):
Reason for Inspection: Routine Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation
Permit Inspection Type: Municipal WWTP a 1 MGM, Stormwater Discharge, COC
Facility Status: ■ Compliant 1=l Not Compliant
Question Areas:
Storm Water
(See attachment summary)
Page: 1

Permit: NCG110122 Owner -Facility: City of Whileville
Inspection Date: 02/1212012 Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit: Routine
Inspection Summary:
Overall, facility is doing what it needs to do for this permit and in some cases more. Only issue was knowing ultimate
discharge point(s) off -site of the stormwater collection system and making sure they are accessible for inspection. Some
facilities actually erect signs identifying catch basins and outfalls that match the SWPP map.
Page: 2

Permit: NCG110122 Owner -Facility, City of whiteville
Inspection Date: 02112/2012 Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit: Routine
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Yes No NA NE
Does the site have a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan? ■ ❑ ❑ ❑
# Does the Plan include a General Location (USGS) map? ■ n n ❑
# Does the Plan include a "Narrative Description of Practices"? ■ n rl ❑
# Does the Plan include a detailed site map including outfall locations and drainage areas? ■ n n n
# Does the Plan include a list of significant spills occurring during the past 3 years?
n
n
■
n
# Has the facility evaluated feasible alternatives to current practices?
n
n
■
n
# Does the facility provide all necessary secondary containment?
■
n
n
n
# Does the Plan include a BMP summary?
■
n
11
Q
# Does the Plan include a Spill Prevention and Response Plan (SPRP)?
■
❑
Q
❑
# Does the Plan include a Preventative Maintenance and Goad Housekeeping Plan?
■
❑
❑
n
# Does the facility provide and document Employee Training?
■
n
0
n
# Does the Plan include a list of Responsible Party(s)?
■
n
n
n
# Is the Plan reviewed and updated annually?
n
❑
n
❑
# Does the Plan include a Stormwater Facility Inspection Program?
■
n
n
n
Has the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan been implemented?
■
n
❑
n
Comment:
Qualitative Monitoring
Yes
No
NA
NE
Has the facility conducted its Qualitative Monitoring semi-annually?
■
n
n
n
Comment:
Analytical Monitoring
Yes
No
NA
NE
Has the facility conducted its Analytical monitoring?
n
n
■
n
# Has the facility conducted its Analytical monitoring from Vehicle Maintenance areas?
n
❑
■
n
Comment:
Permit and Outfalls
Yes
No
NA
NE
# Is a copy of the Permit and the Certificate of Coverage available at the site? p n n n
# Were all outfalls observed during the inspection? n n n ■
# If the facility has representative outfall status, is it properly documented by the Division? n n ■ fi
# Has the facility evaluated all illicit (non stormwater) discharges? n n ■ ❑
Page: 3

Permit: NCG110122 Owner -Facility: City of Whiteville
Inspection Date: 02/12/2012 Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit: Routine
Comment: All catch basins were observed and appeared clean -- most had additional
spill prevention installed around them; only exception was one located by the
headworks & while not required to have the addtional protection it may be a good idea
to install. Staff was not completely positive how all were connected and ultimately
discharged, but thought was it was into ditches outside fence and in woodline. The
system map should show this and access to each off -site outfall location should be
clear & accessible.
Page: 4

R�
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Beverly !waves Perdue
Governor
Mr. Newlyn McCullen
City of Whiteville
P.O. Box 607
Whiteville, NC 28472
Dear Mr. McCullen:
Division of Water Quality
Coleen H. Sullins
Director
April 28, 2009
Subject: Notice of Violation
General Permit No. NCG110000
Certificate of Coverage NCGI 10122
Whitemarsh WWTP
Columbus County
Dee Freeman
Secretary
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality conducted a recent inspection of the Whiterarsh
Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) on April 7, 2009. This inspection was conducted to verify
that the facility is operating in compliance with the conditions and limitations specified in
NPDES Permit No. NCGI 10122. A summary of the findings and comments noted during this
inspection is provided in the attached copy of the inspection report entitled "Compliance
Inspection Report".
Please provide a status report in writing to this office within 30 days of your receipt of this letter
regarding your plans or measures to be taken to address the following items:
1. Qualitative Monitoring had not been conducted during 2008.
2. A written Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan should have been developed by
March 7, 2009.
An inspector will conduct a follow up inspection within 60 days to determine compliance with
the conditions of the permit. If you have any questions concerning this report, you may contact
me by phone at (910) 796-721 S, or call Linda Willis at [phone].
Sincerely,
Rick Shiver
Wilmington Regional Supervisor
Division of Water Quality
Surface Water Protection Section
Cc: WiRO NCGI 10000 Columbus
CO Files
Wilmington Regional Office
127 Cardinal Drive Extension, Wilmington, North Carolina 28405 One
Phone: [phone] FAX: [phone] Customer Service: 1-877.623-6748 North Carolina
Internet: www,ncwaterquality.org 'J, s l , anu
An Equal Oppodunily 4 Affirmative Aclion Employer �ILt ` i`J

Compliance Inspection Report
Permit: NCG110122 Effective: 12/08/08 Expiration: 05/31/13 Owner: City of Whiteville
SOC: Effective: Expiration: Facility: Whitemarsh WWTP
County: Columbus 1000 Nolan Ave
Region: Wilmington
Contact Person; Asure Spivey
Directions to Facility:
System Classifications:
Primary ORC:
Secondary ORC(s):
On -Site Representative(s): 1h mg Sprvo—
Related Permits: Neao2,149a
Title: ORC
Inspection Date: 0410712009 Entry Time: 10:00 AM
Primary Inspector: Linda Willis 4- WW,4 027I05
Secondary Inspector(s):
Certification:
Whiteville NC 28472
Phone: [phone]
Exit Time: 11:30 AM
Phone:
Phone: [phone]
Reason for Inspection: Routine Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation
Permit Inspection Type: Municipal WWTP > 1MGD, Stormwater Discharge, COC
Facility Status: ❑ Compliant M Not Compliant
Question Areas:
E Storm Water
(See attachment summary)
Page: 1

Permit: NCG110122 Owner - Faculty: City of Whiteville
Inspection Date: 04/07/2009 Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation Reason for Visit: Routine
Inspection Summary:
Good housekeeping appears evident. The following items require remedy.
1. The qualitative monitoring had not been conducted and is required semi annually.
2. There was no written Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan on site. This plan was due for completion on March 7th,
2009.
Should the staff have any questions concerning the requirements of this permit, please do not hesitate to contact the
Wilmington Regional Office. Compliance assistance is available.
Page: 2

• Permit: NCGI10122 owner - Facility: City of Whiteville
inspection Date: 04107/2009 Inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation
Reason for Visit: Routine
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan
Yes
No
NA NE
Does the site have a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Does the Plan include a General location (USGS) map?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Does the Plan include a "Narrative Description of Practices"?
❑
■
❑ 0
# Does the Plan include a detailed site map including outfall locations and drainage areas?
❑
®❑
❑
# Does the Plan include a list of significant spills occurring during the past 3 years?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Has the facility evaluated feasible alternatives to current practices?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Does the facility provide all necessary secondary containment?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Does the Plan include a BMP summary?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Does the Plan include a Spill Prevention and Response Plan (SPRP)?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Does the Plan include a Preventative Maintenance and Good Housekeeping Plan?
❑
®❑
❑
# Does the facility provide and document Employee Training?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Does the Plan include a list of Responsible Party(s)?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Is the Plan reviewed and updated annually?
❑
■
❑ ❑
# Does the Plan include a Stormwater Facility Inspection Program?
❑
■
❑ ❑
Has the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan been implemented?
❑
■
❑ ❑
Comment. Plan was due on March 7, 2009. The permit was issued on March 7,
2008. A written stormwater pollution prevention plan is required within 12 months of
receiving coverage under the NPDES permit.
Qualitative Monitorin
Yes No NA NE
Has the facility conducted its Qualitative Monitoring semi-annually?
❑ ■ ❑ ❑
Comment: None has been conducted. The permit should have identified all of the
stormwater outfails from the property and begun the qualitative monitoring in 2008,
Analytical Monitoring
Yes No NA NE
Has the facility conducted its Analytical monitoring?
❑ ■ ❑ ❑
# Has the facility conducted its Analytical monitoring from Vehicle Maintenance areas?
❑ ■ ❑ ❑
Comment: None required. There is a vehicle maintenance area on site, they do not
use over 55 gallons of oil on a monthly average and the majority of the vehicle
maintenance is conducted at the City Garage.
Permit and Outfalls
Yes No NA NE
# Is a copy of the Permit and the Certificate of Coverage available at the site?
DEDD
# Were all outfalls observed during the inspection?
■ ❑ ❑ ❑
# If the facility has representative outfall status, is it properly documented by the Division?
❑ ■ ❑ ❑
Page: 3

Permit: NCG110122 Owner- Facility: City of Whitevilte
Inspection Date: 04/07/2009 inspection Type: Compliance Evaluation
# Has the facility evaluated all illicit (non stormwater) discharges?
Reason for Visit: Routine
0000
Comment: There are two areas that appear to have outfalls, one is near the
headworks (stormwater drop drain) and the other in the vicinity of the old sludge holding .
basins. The ground north of the headworks has a steep bank that shows signs of
extreme erosion. The bank should be properly stabilized. The rest of the property that
had been under construction looks to be well stabilized and the grounds were generally
neat with good housekeeping.
Page: 4

Asure Spivey
Plant Superintendent
Newlyn McCullen
Lab Supervisor /
Pre-treatment
Coordinator
City of Whiteviffe
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Post Office Box 607 - 1000 Nolan Avenue
Whiteville, North Carolina 28472
910-642-5818 - Fax: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
[e-mail]
Rick Shiver, Regional Supervisor
Surface Water Protection Section
Wilmington Regional Office
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, N.C. 28405
May 7, 2009
Subject: Notice of Violation
Compliance Evaluation, Inspection -
General Permit No. NCGH0000.
Whitemarsh WWTP
Columbus County
Dear Mr. Shiver:
This letter is in response to your Notice of Violation resulting from the WWTP
Compliance Inspection dated April 7, 2009.
Qualitative Monitoring of the storm water drainage system has been conducted since
receipt of this letter on April 30, 2009. A visual inspection was conducted on May 4,
2009.
A Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan is in the process of being developed and will be
completed in 60 days before the follow up compliance inspection is scheduled.
If you should have any questions, please do not hesitate call at {910}642 -5818,
n
Sincerely,
A�
Newlyn McCullen
City of Whiteville
.Plant Superintendent

Q� WA r�R�Ci Michael F. Easley, Governor O�
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
co 7
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Q C Colcen H. Sullins, Director
Division of Water Quality
March 5, 2008 -C]EA - 'r)
Ms. Asure Spivey MAR 12 2008
City of Whiteville
317 South Madison Street �Y''�
P.O. Box 607
Whiteville, NC 28472
Subject: General Permit No. NCG 110000
City of Whiteville
Whitemarsh Waste Water Treatment Plant
COC NCG110122 .
Columbus, County
Dear Ms. Spivey:
In accordance with your application for a discharge permit received on February 25'1i, 2008, we are
forwarding herewith the subject certificate of coverage to discharge under the subject state —NPDES
general permit. This permit is issued pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina General Statute
143-215. l and the Memorandum of Agreement between North Carolina and the US Environmental
Protection Agency dated May 9, 1994 (or as subsequently amended).
Please take notice that this certificate of coverage is not transferable except after notice to the
Division of Water Quality. The Division of Water Quality may require modification or revocation and
reissuance of the certificate of coverage.
This permit does not affect the legal requirements to obtain other permits which may be required
by the Division of Water Quality or permits required by the Division of Land Resources, Coastal Area
Management Act or any other federal or local governmental permit that may be required.
If you have any questions concerning this permit, please contact Jennifer Jones at telephone
number [phone] ext. 591.
Sincerely,
ORIGINAL SIGNED BY `v
BRADLEY BENNETTD
for Coleen H. Sullins
L
cc: Wilmington Regional Office, Linda Willis
Central Files
Stormwater Permitting Unit Files
14a � Carolina
Ntumlly
North Carolina Division of Water Quality 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 Phone [phone] Customer Service
Internet: www.ncwatergualitY.9rg Location: 512 N. Salisbury St. Raleigh, NC 27604 Fax [phone]
An Equal OpportunitylAftirmative Action Employer— 50% Recycled110% Post Consumer Paper

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
GENERAL PERMIT NO. NCGI10000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE No. NCGI10122
STORMWATER DISCHARGES
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful
standards and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, .
City of Whiteville
is hereby authorized to discharge stormwater from a facility located at
Whitemarsh Waste Water Treatment Plant
1000 Nolan Avenue
Whiteville
Columbus County
to receiving waters designated as White Marsh, a class C, Sw water in the Lumber River Basin,
in accordance with the effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set
forth in Parts I, II,11I, IV, V, and VI of General Permit No. NCGI 10000 as attached.
This certificate of coverage shall become effective March 7Eh, 20K
This. Certificate of Coverage shall remain in effect for the duration of the General Pen -nit.
Signed this day March 7`h, 2008.
ORIGINAL SIGNED By
BRADLEY SENNETT
for Coleen H. Sullins., Director
Division of Water Quality
By the Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

�OC'ATI[ON MAP:
-1 Park ►
U
0.3
Whitemarsh Waste Water Treatment Plant
NCGI10122 Whitemarsh WWTP
Whiteville, INC
N
Latitude: 340 19' 42.82" N
11 Longitude: 78040'41.42" W
S . Receiving Stream: Whit6 Marsh
Stream Class: C, Sw
1-lap Scale 1:13,398 Sub -basin: 03-07-58 (Lumber River Basin)
SMI
Facility Location

Re: NCG110122 Whitemarsh WWTP Stormwater Permit
Subject: Re: NCG l 10122 Whitenlarsh WWTP Stormwater Permit
From: Linda Willis <Lincia.Willis iicmail.net>
Date: Wed. 05 Mar 2008 08:42:35 -0500
To: [e-mail]
ticmail.net
No issues in issuing the COC for this facility. Issue at will. We'll deal with
their issues much easier if they are covered under this permit.
Linda
Jennifer Jones wrote:
I Hi Linda,
How are you? Hope you are well. Sorry for the long voicemail! I need to get better
at leaving concise messages...
We recieved an NOI for Whitemarsh WWTP in inhitevi.11e - Columbus County (I've
attached it). There are a few things about this site (and I believe you have been
there so I am sure you probably know this already but I'll give you an overview):
1. They discharge to a TMDL listed waterbody for Mercury (White Marsh in Lumber
River Basin, C, Sw),
2. They have had numerous NOVs and fines (some for discharging over their Hg
limit)
3. They seem to have had some sludge overflows from their aerobic digesters (I
know you already know this as you were the one to report it
Anyway, do you have any concerns about issuing a COC for this general permiit? Are
there any potential impacts to wetlands? Specifically do you think there are
enough monitoring parameters in the general permit (only visual) for this facility
or do you believe it would be better suited to an individual permit?
I've copied the new permit text/TMDL language that will be issued in the new NCGll
when that is renewed on April 30th of this year - take a look and see if you think
this would be adequate.
In general do you think that there is enough monitoring in the general NCGl1 for
WWTPs? i.e. do you see a lot of overflows?
Thanks fo your help with this Linda. If we don't receive any objections, we'll
issue the COC in 30 days (March 29th), pending DEH approval.
Thanks again,
Jen iones
Facilities submitting NOIs for coverage under this permit, and facilities
submitting renewal
forms for continued coverage under this permit, prior to establishment or approval
of a Total
Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for pollutant(s) for stormwater discharges (i.e. wet
weather
flows), may be covered under this permit during its term. For such facilities,
continued coverage
under the reissuance of this permit is subject to the facility demonstrating that
it does not have a
reasonable potential to violate applicable water quality standards for such
pollutants due to the
stormwater discharge(s). *For facilities that do have a_ reasonable potential for
violation of
applicable water quality standards due to the stormwater discharge(s), the
facility shall apply for
1 of 2 3/5/2008 9:27 AM

Re: NCG 110122 Whitemarsh W WTP StonnNvater Permit
an individual permit 180 days prior to the expiration of this general permit.
*once the individual
permit is issued and becomes effective the facility will no longer have coverage
under the general
permit. Impaired waters scheduled for TMDL development are on North Carolina's
303(d) List
and can be found here: http://h2o_enr.state.nc.us/tmdl/General 303d.htm#Downloads.
A list of approved TMDLs for the: state of north Carolina can be found here: F
http://h2o.enr.state.nc_us/tmdl/General TMsDLs.ht,m.
Linda Willis Eiinda.willis u,ncmail.net>
Environmental Engineer f
Surface Water Protection Section
Division Of Water Quality
2 of 3/5/2008 9:27 AM

TM[3L Study Phase I;
Mercury Loads to Impaired Waters in the Lumber River Basin,
North Carolina
November 1999
Lumber River Basin
Prepared by:
NC OERARTMEM CF EwprtoNNQrr AND NATN.PAt RESOURCES
DIVrADN of WATER QUALITY
WATER QUALM SECTIDN
1617 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
i2ALEIGH, NC 27699.1617
[phone]
INTRODUCTION
Eleven xataa $Len [he I.unlha Riser basin appear en the 1995 3031d) fist. Jar- fish ronsumplim
advi"ies due to merewt Cmlmsinallian. Table 1 listswasers in the Lumber Rivar Basin thal
hatY 0sh rvruunrutim adciTgiri anJ appear on the?e?lilt ]isI- This &—rent dewtibes the
sauces of inereury in the LTm bcr Riser basin and devxlopnsent ofntercurti Latal masinwm daily
laavts fur those.anise hstnl in Table 1 The Idtienale objective: of this suety, and buure studies
or wanaWment plans reg4ti14ag tneleta3' in the coastal plain. is to rniusr fish siswe Inds of
metrmy and remote fsah vvrtsuntptitn adiisorirs. R<axntxirnd.tians m how to rrdure mnvisy
twlhriva is aw fae uvtrca are piovidcd as i1w end of the dtcunirnt.
P'dhh 1. l.+ras5n Nltea tram ,rr;1{.q 1.iv,,d n
cr,vr disc r..
Watershed Name of snenm er1,kv
S,il,basia
I.nniher R"n Drou mrig CjvYi
op'751,
L-0., Rive
a3051
Big Suangt
030753
R,ocr Suantp
u30751
A,I,Ivlr Suunp
030754
Pages Lakc
030750
Pit Late iPit Lildil I,3kc1
030750
%)'wean Luke
03075u
%ionoilauRiver w"4110a' liiver
0307.%,030',37
Bte Creek
030756
w'ilite M-1,
030759
:Q,_:1s€}�sd9i��t)IRf440,1�Iut3:l�ecls {T;SII)L j
Safi al 303td.)ofthr Clean Wale) Act ICIVA) mqui,n,t dry to develop. list of ualers not
msrting %-410 gualit)'stantlards v.T.Mill ha,x impaired rises- This list is stall ninrd bicnniafSa to
the ().S Etnirunmrmal littoctlen Age Q'(EPA) far rHi . The 303(d) proves; Tegw,rs that a
Taal Masi,nwn Daily Laid 174DLs be de stloped fm each of the listed eaters, "here
laitnirdh feasiWr. EPA rharwicritesthe T'%iDL as the seen of the uastclutd allocation
(INI A1. 1quti .111 lexriorl JAI, and a margin of stfesr (VTOS). or
TSIIII. y sll+7a.1_s. A/o37.
TIIe vrasrdasA allacaGai patim of du Tti1OLsaowas fa the )cads alloard to tYistinp mid
limy<p+im �+urxes Similarly, die;said ellgcaRal palim ofdlc TMDL ncusvnts f.+r the Swd<
allotted to costing and lats<tworioiln sa,r[es and nails!hacL¢r„Iurd. The lnarglr, of Safety
addresses uncertainties in the data enllection and rindeling techniques IFAC.A la!+Ry. 'nit
objecti,c of a I,MDL is Io illocnlc allm,sblr poElulanl loads to kno,at swaccs sc+that actions
urny N taken to restore the -clef In its imci,dcd Irtra (EPA ty!+l1. Cmiieralq', tire tour prinsaq,
conlpments of is TMDL, as identified hq EPA (1r+91) and tire Federltl Ad, isory Committee
(FACA 1998) are as follmks:
TABLE OF CONTENT'S
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................-........ T
303(dY'rotal Maspmum Daily Loads......................................................................I
SiteDescription ............ _.....................................................................
.....3
MERCURY CYCLING IN THE FUNAROh'MENT-.........................................................................7
EXTENT OF MERCURY CONTAMINATION .............. -............................. ,.......... .................
All
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF MERCURV.............. ....... ........ .................. ......... .....-_ ..,-....
14
Natural SoUrCes of Mercury ...........................................................................
14
Anthropogeni . Sourcet of Maroury ............... .....14
Ouentthcation of Mercury Sources. ...... ............................. 1.....,........1,............27
EsT IMA7ES OF MAXIMUM MERCURY LOADS....................................................
31
Seasonality...........................................
32
VnCanalnh es... ........ -....................................... .............................................
L34
Marginof Safety......................................................................... ...... ,.... ........
36
WASTE LOAD AND LOAD ALLOCATIONS........................................................................37
SUMMARY-........ ......... ........ ......_.............. ........... ..,..,...................... ............-..........-_......30
PEF E RE nc ES .................................... . ...............................»........................ -.................. 40
ApnmoiA A- NPDES A v ArYOePHm c EwiswON SOURCES
APPENDIX B. Oisr HARGE MONITORING i2Eapgl DATA
APPENDIX C. PRELWThMgY DISPERSION MODELING ANALMS OF LOCAL MERCURY SOURCES
IN THE: LAKE WACCAMAW VICINITY
APPENgx D. PUBLIC NOTICE AND COMMENTS
APPENDIX E. OUTLINE AND APOPOSED SCHEUL'LE FOR PHASE II
rv�n
I'argrr erkndfirarran or selection aipulhuantlO and trod-puint(s) for oarsidr-lion- Tlrc
pdktam and erid_paim are geneally essvc)uted unh Ineasurable at14Y quality relasail
characteristics that indicate contplimtw uiLh nater guarlly standards North Cardin.
indicates Lnoan poluranls on the 3034d) dial.
amlwlmm ca1,fMNvecnmrtaa,W or level ol'pallutani reduction otcIled to achieve Amer quality
goal. The level of pollidioo should becharacterinal to the waterlxdy. highlighting how
current calditioru deviate bola the target aw-pdnt
S:wree txA•aasificeriral. All sources; fiat contribake 10 the kupainncig should be identilied and
leads quantified, there sitificileni data exist.
Allnc:mn„ q,tirh amrgm of sP1: n'I n)'ytofhu.ax l..,ale, AlMeatutp popiulain carlrai respatpbility
mthe sauces of inipnimleiot. l4'hrn alla'atiun tie sew passible, altemelim melht+ds of
attaining standards mac to included in Ilse T41DL.
Section 301IA1 of the Ct4'A and the Wtuct Quality Planning and Maaagelnatt regiilaliol rcquirc
EPA Ise rc,in, all T,MDLs fm approval or disalglrmalOnce EPA apprn,c,, a T:NDL, Ihen the
realer piny he rcmn%cd fame the 3U3(dl list [4liore enndititmi nre nPL np))roprirte Ra titc
rkvclgmrrn[ of a T\1DL, manaGemenl sIrAICk'ien alaq'tllil reallh in the rctloration of„nteY
gaaliq. Hoaeeer, the rarer may no he renim ad Etinl the 303(d) list until iniprmenients in
uatcr quality have been d—mined Imd the wmer muels designated uses,
The Federal Ad, iWrr Cam -lift (PACA 1495) suggested three additionaT components of a
TMDL in dicir April L 98 draft docunicnc The)' are I I an Implenlentarion plan, 21 m-itering
and "aluation, and }} T11DL revision paoccdur<s These three additional components arc not
addressed herein. This documrnt is the firm orwo pans, or phases. ofthc Lwnher Mercury'
T%l DL as dcscribed-
Ph-c I of the TMDL cslablishes maximum loads for all 303Nd1 listed ualrrWies fused
on simple truest. This part ofth, TNIDL uses e+tislinp and r<adi13' aYeidatdr information
fix "biting margin= Watts to %ales and makes general wonsisrandtaims kN
mercur,reduction in these lemers(na the implrmrntalirn rAwl-
Fkdve 11 of the TMDL rill irwapvme tegionul sir quAitymv deling results linen EPA
OIHcirof AiT Quake)' Planning and Standard., pro,ide u rare deradel m arcury piling
model for a portion of the lVarc:Imax 1Lmcr Basin. and establish requiTrnrnts fa
-duarinSin-a7,ewtions Phm<Ilufthr'I,%iDLsillalsointlu&irtVLententat3m
prograols far amruspherir and \PLIES mercrp reductions and guidelines for revising the
TMDL
The retuaiaing sections of this repont dimes the Ulm, inp issues related to uterctar in the
Lwnl+,K and Waccansau Nitr Wazersheds;
.Mcrci n Cycling in ilia Em ironurenl.
Event of Mcrcun' CenlynLoa11Jt1
Potential Sauccs ,f MeickLr,,
Estimates 01 Ma vimmn Allmcable Mercun' lands
Wrist. Lotd and Load Alloomi ms
Swtmlary
Iegr I Reg, 2

Siim Deserinriuss
The Lumber Riser begin. as aheasa in ll 1, is keaitd in the lesser aasthetntmm Caner Of
North Carolina, This basin is Cm+pr sedoi tier distinct wa(crdw&- (he Lumber Riser.
Waocaaim Rica, Clefts P- Dee Hmdwatas, and the CW W A,ea. Peat Uah ouwesunptiun
adnsNies for n glees in the Ltvnber Rita Basin have bent prisuvrly lit Ure Livntrr ruid
Waccmnaw River watersheds. The Lumber River from NC Hitilb by 71 to die Norlli Carolina.
Seidl Carolina stale Isrdcr is on the stata'a I!T>F and l9ul; 303[dl lisp. The nalpairiuenl m bet
Ltunt,er )liver, as vvcl} as many of Its tributaries and impautdments, is due to elevated levels of
macs in fish llaapea, -ilie Lwuher River watershed drains opprocimarely I,W 3,31)U acres in
CO —bus, Rpb050n, Bladeu, Curaberlturd, .Vicars. Montgoinery, Hoke, SCMlantl, and Richmond
-Li" lNCD1l 199t). The municipalities of Aberdcea, Livnhenm. Pfnehurst, and Red
Springs are in this %alashed. Relsi l} 50lo a tial of the watershed is tilrrnM and an percent is
in ogaieudrure, mmkcropland. The remainder is olmiv. d use iacivel rural lrn ewartatim and
darlgKd land tNCOEHIeR lm94)_ Small nreannsin the Lumta Rivsr n'atershed trod to hose
little no ticm d{:ring drs'stinimer months. A map ofthe Ln nber River w'eterslied is shoav w
Figure 2.
The Wneeamaw River frtm the dam at Lake Waccamawin the North Carnlma SmiTh Carolina
sram border is on the state -s 19%. and 1998 3G3(d1 lists. The ti'accaniary River %atcshed drams
approximately 8W,400 acres in Colrassbw, western EiWen and norilm a bnwsvvick wuruies
(NCDF.MNR )9�). The municipalities or N'hitevill Tabor Cill Old Lake Waceamawr arc in
this watershed Roughly 6-s perttns of the watershed isforested and 27 pere nt ism aricviurrt,
enostlrael land. She ronainder is of mired vx irecludm$ pastures, rural transpmatias, and
dmveicspcd land iNCDF.11 l994). The Waccoma+River originates si Lake Waccamaw' and
Ua.s southwest imp nhe Cirmat Pne Dee River in South Carolina, Small streams in the
Waccantmi River basin tend to have little or no flow during dre summer months. A map ofthc
Waremnau River in North Carolina is ahuwn in Figure 3.
1-egsrre2. 1jun1wr RiverWatcnircd, NC
an�r'n,a
•JJ t.•Id:t t J
4Y� !/�
J ,
t
Page 3
= County bdry
L} Subbasin bdry
r Ambient sill
/\/ Hydrography
al Municipally
N
W + E
S
Figure 1. Lumber River Basin, North Carolina
r4 eri 641rN ''� �' ay ,�f rnwvn
�.q urn rs.a M afor aphy
L,� BBaal: bdry bdry
County nary
Na
�Q c
5oa.+Camsnr �45� .�(i � •y� � Z
._ so .
Figisre 3. Wacemnaty River Watershed, NC
r Y
=1' © County bndry
5ubbasin bndry
.� + Ambient site
Major hydrography
twny c,A. ' Hydrography
Cj Munlclpablles
N
N' E
S

MERCURY CYCLING IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Mercury hisit: ewoplcs life in thccnvTI'Mircnt, moving Aran the atssscephere to sail. surface
,.abet. axd mrobiow. A mac axnprthrnsirt elikussim of maeury in Nak Carolina can be
fouled it -An Assessment of t.4ca" in Noah Cmdina"liNCD[S1 19512). EPA's Sleremg
ilgion ro CpilppslF.PAI!t9Tai trirtlJdefcrilvef the rntretrrCacle as Hell, �fereun•c}cles in
the mimtimenl n a result tti narurnt find human (anlhraytivGcnicl eetivilies The mno m of
mcrnay' mobilised and released into die bivaphen tins increasel since Lite beginning of the
industrial age. Ily%yn er, the nrtnl nmaulll Of marnu-?'on tllc planet h/9 neilhtt increased nor
decrenstd. Milano w1kities hair siivply moved the mcrcun. from emstal soils m the hiosphere.
A schematic of merciar cycling in Lilt hinaphere is shown in Figure J,
f M
-an"-* �Inntl •,nn1
l MOanfarerr•c a.m.ma M%yn
a
f
1 fri
NawnV ats1qal
4 Lwx A� •4'Ir/rA05Mk
Gmai Tma.avl NINra11
a.ae.1- Gme.l AfaMa
oeas.aen
l%11
/elf
-Ann ,, W!N
PaNMIVI
RtrwMM
r(r—e. Srhrwaaeaj Cfahal.slrrniry Civf, (EPA e9?.'o)
As shave in firm J. Count of the meretuy in the atnmaphrrr is elemental ""cloy raper
{Hgt01) yr pwlirWatr snrrestt. tHglpp. Limkgtist n a1. (19911 eslinlwt Ihm alsait 93-Ir1pri of
aTeVuiWtuat(7 nnerntnks gaseous (elemental a inorganic). vhilc the tither 3}c is ymtiomlaw.
Elemental aiercwy %error may circulate in the aunospherr for up to a )e+u, Hu%r-rr. ,hen
writcTird to inorganic mesn,n f (llp, it ma)' only eircul.lkv To, a pc'iW of Ilalua )'hut,
elemental nlerearycaii to vsidelr disputed and Irnnspnrted thousands ornliles Thum die swop.
The inorganic form of mercty, when ndha bound to aiib—ic pacildes or in u guxws fani, is
rtadilr reilwied from the atnloglhcrc by preeipilnlicr, and dr+' deposllicil, Wet depositiott ills
generally been believed to be tar primary mn.hani,an Its, niump'"lls mereury fiche the
almolphem to surface eaters and land, allhpigh no, research indiraleseirs•deposition maybe
equally iropoaant. Ei= nga it deposits, maeun• a mmmh• isentitud bxk to the atmosphere
cittef Asa gas or assy>iiased %ith partic1t5,1ol+t rCdcJtimsitai clstsvl+erc fEYA l'r'rh)_ ALlrr
mile 7
'she Lumber and Wocearra%' Ricer Watersheds are black vmcr systems Thin: generally have Nil
ale characteristics described abase: high levels of organic ewbyrt. lore pH, and during she
sraamer 111t0114, k%tr dissoved o)gcn Inds and bights taapernnnes Tlutledoe natural
charaelerivirs of these raters %Add UWy conuibne to the increase[ pmthxrim of
methtinmereury.
h(rrrury attumulalrs etticirnty is the fitad wt6 Aailmuluiical OCVAWS N1tcn die rate efuplake
of a chemical err cpnpautd ucrtds the rate ol'rnumcal or Nimivaliou IF,PA 1a970. Siercury
prescno in lots lo+'cis of the fraad chnill (eg" plmn im den iuls} and uuer is taken up by forage
fish through respiration and iii¢cstion. Pratetory organisllis al the Lop ofthc tbaf rib goicialiy
Bate higher mereun enneentrntions, Wilhin the ogoalic &Cod web, predmon fish such as bomyfn
and lugamtauh ba55 Heald have FaigRor aAktnttcriahs dmass litrage 05h Stg., swtlislr)_ %earl- ail
of the ,nereury Lhe aremnuill in fish li[Ate is mnhyluterno-y. %organic nxtcury does not
lead to acttnmtrlM&
Mcrcun ACCtm1UlMSLih continues in move up tic twit Chain muside of the aquatic era irmmemm.
Hmnums, bald angles, small mamnmh, mint other fiali emig species, as Ir}) predatory, also
accumulate mercllrl' in tissue. Fish citing birds in die Circa% Lakes and the Everglades have
already nteumuihled rncrcury nt levck com9 aercd iuisafr. Hmmans nee most likely to be exposed
to mc,vid) thrrntgh fish cmisumptivnv, nhhnuglT mercury may tar inhaled ce ingcsied Ihrotgh
either routes.
Sseth}imercury is a neurotoval that may affect feral neurabgical development follo Bing
sutReient nposums ALhigher eaposure keels it can act n a rreeOUtovtont in adults, pru}uring
edverx elTedts Such as acme and parA5tnc5ia The asuau,t of mctrur-that can tar sakh
ingesred byhamens is crntinuaiiybnng rtewhatted b+• the EPA, the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Regisuy (ATSDR) and other national and international agencies as navy
epidemiological data become available. Thu North Carolina Department of Healch and Human
Ser�iccs IDHHS) Occupational :Cod en%jivri nettal Epideeniciogy Branch has developed
gvidcl Imes to instruct people on raft levels of fish consumption, When the overage fish tissue
mtl'cias•cuncrnu atiun fur a patticular apnies fails brn,'rrn I - 2 mgh:g i I •: plant. the grna'al
puNic is ink ised to cat no mete Lhan 2 mails per month, %{tile watmen of vtlild.hrariag age atld
uhildren are aa-iud to masid eansumpliolt of this species cnluely: Above 2 m81Lg. nu
consumption is udeised for all groups
pariuulalc inorganic mcnkm cicp,siu into surface walrrs. additional chemical
flap aforn,ahona cola tCCllr, Willlin !lit water enl,allln a yedinlrnF n1efCW'y Caa Cmn-erl flock m
elemental merciwy of can become organic mrrcwr . (CHIHgI It is the organic form of mercury
that is the most Mc and most likly to in fish.
\fuss of the mercury in %Oct. sail. sediments, a ptants and anonals is in the Rem of inorganic
mrre»r.oohs and c+rganic lams ofinerctssr. Genaeliy, mercmuyin the worm edmrn pill he
hound to organic site:, either dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or suspended particulate matter
(EPA P07a). Taro m ireun� levels in vvata do not necessarily correlate to mercury levels in
biota or lish. This Is heeaux the organic form of merCucy', methyimercwy, is mac liken to
u[nmudaic ill fish tissue. The zixi crsion of inorganic merctln'to meth)imelvivy is nexwell
understood. Sciemimts continue to studs this conversion in the Florida Everglades and the Great
Lltkrs. Hwvever. ssrrral studies have found charncttrimtics that are suungl?n:nrlakrd wish ihr
ploluelim m mettl'In10ENh', RL Sheua in Table :.
by Imp temperatures and has a temperature oprimlun of avoid 3!'C ILVmfine
and Rudd 199U). 'Cemprrause seem to alien memr? merhilhiion more
_
smngly Than qv_i Tylalktn (Otlmar 1995}.
ColenHumic
'AerCurr neeunLtiou is enlgixe4 ln-imrmxada aii•Mhry efof er'ganic cvhu
Con:enuUrganit ccdion
'asmtascd dnanpmsidun Nfoganje mower is a major rnur Cf InCrnsed
nataklatim in rlrnt?' krim" riser -Pits and terpaNtd,xw tkitdre) and
Zud,1199+)i Wetlands ore al»sitesdilrrmddetarnpsstipn of dganic
'apla and have bern fQVgldh'll a4 YMYa Wgh LAdLYty nxthyiitpl
Oilman I9y51. Luttkp'Lsaal, llY9ltfwnf tb:u mnc+e5 waornlnnmsm
$%edish t:15r5 Hess posidyxiy �ronel:i&ti to oaten color uswia[yt uTLh
_
Mtrlrtic wnlcn+ in t he trrtm, _ _
11)drogen ion (pH)
Ma11Irnerclol pxodlmlion appntrs to be grcate: at low pit (e.g...•71. The
lanllmlm of a mare r0111I1e fbini Vf IILCIII fllflMlll+' lippei 110 be giralCr at
higkr pH vahxs fe.e.. s 71. .45 pH da:uclxs. x shift Gam Ile• plaltuctian of
The mare ealatile to Ass volatile form of mrnanycrnas. A shift in pH linen
neutral %oxidic could attar the ml:rnin' Content in Fish since the Its, vniauic
loran is retained more efrrcienth 0Vintrev and Rudd 19W) Reim" M
nmahlln%xan fat Ilx sedinemn vnrsst is ealannotd In refted pH and
caeW saran increase the sappl? of rlltrh?larrlxm an fish fWin(M and nlidd
t9! m Lindq+is (Iu917 farad a strong ecfathr wrremioa c+a al mny in
Ifsh vlul, lake uaecr
O�_gen
'Mcmin'inelh?I1Gon isapadomiM1nnd?'micrnbial prtsasatM oyevsrs
mainly' in co—c ,ce imm, and liate'rl. %'ilh madman tmentit)' 0110 11 the
Imedace Im-en anode and oxie eorodunini' t011moin I"!). In addition
Id memin [heft tattoo in eid[ic subsunatt sedmienu, latlhtistion also
many a In rile aenohi, m%wr collllill at tlx ;wvbiv: %Sb11RGl•N81e1 IRli tfa.,'e, in
The Allen'lints laser 0f fah. Coot in ITn inn5limi LYrlaRas offish blot 1 and
Rtahf IYWL RMont in: at {laal) hcud Thai the highint lot*irrieltiay Inds
ore rancho in ale welioic, nutsWe•rech noun uslien«xiduc. rk+nhcnnem
teat 4
EXTENT OF MERCURY CONTAMINATION
Varieties agcancies of t,t Slab of Ncnh Cantata havr collected ireramy data in the Lumi ei Rita
Basin. DWQ nainlains as ambient mmitaring memork in the basin xherc monthly %aver
qu:davwnplesase cdlnxd, The general focotions monitored arc presented in Figures 2 and 3.
Mercur-has gecneralty not been detected in surface xalers sines this monitoring naL%'ak + s
I>cglin- DWQ and Depmlutna%f Hrallh and Human Snvices fish tissnlr annlyxe fiuvr deucreu
rlcvmrd rum Cut) caTceavatons in sn'eral pts ncrotu fish of Lhe Lumtxr and Waccumu,v River
%'anrsheds. Atrrewy[mctntratiuns exceeding the h'atni and Drug Adnl inistrution lad Nunh
Caroiinu (F'UA/wCJ action ievri of 1 mg1F;g hart ben dnrried in lalgrnialdl boas. bowfin :Cod
chain pickettl. A f s)m [ausumption advisory for lal gtmalth has and bat»Fen coos issued N
OCWIL•r k99t far tE1r <ntite Lumbeh Rivtt Basin (it,, uyl futir uutrrslmedsl out w rlevaled
mercuryiewls in fish. In Jwx I997 a stafnyiik advisoryapainst the crosuntylidr M'h?wlin %as
loomed due m racavn eaitamiaalion.
yitl tissue samples fran vile l.ttmbcr and LVaccaman River +yalcrsbrh love beefs allel)xed ix
mcreurysinecdhemiA•19805. Hon ncr.tl+emwt Wmprtbtnsire aoihebou and anplysis of lids
tissue cenurnl in 1993. Thus, a large Ration of the dale described herein is front 1"3. To
iiktsvate die ptrsiuenee of mernlrr in Ihr hlemlar and 11'nccanla% Riyrr %'atal'aluedm, dtia
cnllcnul in lt.+!i(+ rill alma he presented_ In 19yi, largemouth boas, h)w liu, and dher predatm'
acid iiirYgc Fish specie were collected and annl?zed firs mernln'. Bean mgtcerurnuot of
nuscery in katgcnmaith tars and F+awtin faint mulifiga Iricaluv s is tech ralcrsJ[rd %ere Beater
than fie FD.A)NC action level fn mcruny of I mgAg. In grans al, ®menunions in other
1%alatae and foaage fish were lnxtr than the FDAINC action level. A sumesturyofatxng
199i mercury corcahisims in largemorth Baas from the Ltmibcr and Wateca ma% Rivas
yratershods is presented in Figure 3. The data shown in Fige 3 iseldeanly lhome xatcrt with
multi},Ic samples front which to cal-fritc a omen live., na,l or more ihnn me Gsh Nea caught),
Several ofthe takes &holm in Figure 3 are not on Ow sme'e 303id) list due to listing
methol)ology. All lakes in the basin are included in :he fish consumption advisory, TMDL
development is focused or those lakes that are oat die 303(d} list and appear in Table I.
Semal of the wascr , liste3 in Tahrc I do not appear on Figure 3, primarily larval of the
pautih-offish tuts daW DWf2 does aid here dam for Big Sxunp @am the acme 1092 a
1993. Pater Stump had one sample snikctrd iu 1!193. kmfin with a mereu y corm rmiar of
1, 3 nr lg. Similarly, AsApak Snantp had we sample collected in 4992, chain pickcral++ith a
manors cialrennamiwi of I.2 mgrkg- Hig Creel was samplN in 1992 at Lxo difTttml It. ations.
M,•rnrr) levels in Iargemetutl bass firm Sig Creak arm Lhe mwdi %ith Lake Waccama%'
mciagrd 1.5 mg/k'S Sammie uf22 smnpleO. and in ban firm Big Creek upmtam cf SR 1947 at
bridge —tee l I, 0 nig7kg fuyn'age of } satuplra). L4'hite Harsh N'as sampled brave in 1993: a
single chain pir1A•1rl f:•uu White Mw'sh liad a mcrcw)' cjmccnmlim of l9 mg&g.
Componinntd se& cnl at to botexn ofs irfaee evident eau scot as as impdtant mercun•
reservoir. Sedintcin•ltrmd mrr:Lrrymavme v:Ic bark into the aitumic nvs}:Lem for deraJm err
lonper (EPA Virl7a I. Taro crab samples of s:dimtm were callexted from Lake Waccantaoc in
t'I'12 %hint Lodi v co: «HltctN pr sampling. Mercury concentrations in these samples v cm 0l14
Page 9 - pest 10

Figure A, f Y47 Aleun iVferrutr fnrla re f,urgerrr+ulh H<ar fmm the l,untl+rr rrrtrl
IV'ucewnmo Rihrr 14'orrrslnxls
Lakes
25
3 2
E
1.5 � r6MY_ Amen LesN I
� a
W-' 'e*e 4e t9"9 rah
v �m
Vol
frpuro a. 1596 Main Mercury Lavaas to Lang—vin Lies. rmm the Lumbar and
Ms.— Pi-- ware seeds
7
a,5
_ G[�AIrJG ACLon Level
v
c 65
i_� ✓ _ _,_
"old, 'vro N 6s�`
and 0 03 rngikg. EPA has not dev eloped xdinient qualityozitnin Cur memo}; thus (here are no
benchmaio values to determine i(tlx x 1evrls of nxtrkr}' in sediment mey h harmful to human
htaluT to agmtic lif<, Sincer E'1'tfs. nteeeury hr%sporadicalh't,eeit detected m the dett[sion lanit
OfU 2 ugH.in the u'arer toltunn ofbair %atershedf Hottettt, Hurt al shesc saiipla %ere
ovllcned a atsalyud acing clew urhnigiscs. This may' Iwvo rextltnl in Yalx puaitivri -ur
drtatiaus of nacrnrr a hrtG Jtae s+as [iilitr no mcreul.e preseiht or lea -ors %rm hel0as ddtcri0n
6n its -
Data eollmcd ui 1946 arG sant+what sUarsc. Doh' aecen %ntcrs he+e i n itiole samples from
ychich to calculate a mesa mereurp cauaouatim in larg[mouJi bass. As shown ili Figure 6,
mercry concentrations in sane areas ❑ere still quite bigh ie.g., Big Creek at SR1947 Bridge).
WHO! it may appear drat Inereury'rcmeeuvalions in Watsml Lake and she Lumber Rivcr at Fair
BInlTdettensed, direct eat[parisats tct%'cm the kill 115W data muss consider tlhe site and
potential age ofthe fish captmcd mW arulyzod. Laxper, older fish %Hold be more lilIdY m hmc
higher oauantradats ofinercury'in fish limn Iietaux 01'A larger cysamne W mevnstT in the
fool chain. Smaller, youngcr fish %Fuld likely hi, c Imrtr µvtrmvaiims. In 1993, the ateraee
%eight of largemouth hies captured in Watson Lake was 1,465 grams (3.3 pounds), %hilt in
IY96 the A—hee %right %'as s93 grams (--2.n poundal, Tite arecage srcighl of InrgrmwJh bass
from the Lumber Biter at Fair Bluffin i993 %as 1,270 grants (-2.9 pounds) ctmrpared Io 555
grams (-l.1 poursds} in 1996. The Imser continuations shown in Figure 6 may reflect the
ema9cr, sire, and reduced exposure, of fish captured in 1996 compared to 1943. Thud ahhrnush
the concentrations shown in Figure a are at and halo% the anion k.rl, heavier, older ash that
have hten egioard so mercun' fa a loi Jmc period may cautkue mcansain mercury a Innis
"nor than I mgtlg.
Pr Pa I pp, 12
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF MERCURY
Nall tl-S^_t ce"tiUSlLq-
The carat amtuns of nsrreary has existed m the pinnel since the earth %as formed ;EPA 1997A).
As a naluralh' occurring deiuerat, mercm'y is present Juoughout die evvii iinicnt, including the
atttiosphere, imcstrini 0110teesment, ground%ale", and hints. Hislorically, mercury ailing in the
atmosphere is Mined to have been dim to %cadieriiie and coleanic anti.ides (NCDEM 19821.
Macvq' can natwalh' enler strcams >ahnt sc urine occurs ocec mercury dtpnsils; mercury
retained in the -ate column can be in dissohcd ar particulalc fomi ihCDEM 1992).
Sub lantial mhccrtninlies remain emccming the In'el of naluural ntarrascsnt of mercury in the
ensiro"UnML Studies conim%x to be conducted %hich estiina t the nnturai pttto ofinecnu_r to
and from the atmmphcst, [rid necrestsisl and aquatic enviroomean (EPA IWN
f-��'�'�Iff.�'rtSdStJIi3f3771riS
Mercun-is a unique pohotaril in that significant sources l0 swface . hers can be either direct
dfschargr, to the aquatic envirunmcnl a' wdirnl discharges thin n1M uuouyh anu(her 0,,diu
fir g., soil a air) before reaching the %ater column. Mercury can h, emitted is air from industrial
artlaiui : mcr in the anhbitnL air. mortr, ern he aeposi(ad back to the gitand u' to aw face
%stns. Tttis prusss, lcftrrod w rs aunu$+haic depOsatisrrh. has Ucrn ttund sO lY a xigaificanl
scarce afaquatic rorrnr. (Lnkligkssl in d. 1992. EPA 19W. 1997a.hj Thus. paenhal aquatic
and atmaapkeric awntsuf MaCtLn-wthe L=bn and LYaccamaw Rita w-wetah 6 %ill be
dim- ussed-
Anomie Sources There are 39 pennined point sauce discharges ut the Luutter and Wa"nrn it
Ricci %vatcr,heda. Ofthese, IS discharge JW!, dunesiie %aste%smt. and S dinharge industrial
%"stonier. Fourient Of these licihtin are pmnii(cd to ikscharse at )cast 0.3 million gallons per
day 1MGD)A list of iht National P011ttani Discharge E411111alion System INPDES).point
source discharges is shown in Table 3, by' watershed. The locatiats oi'paittr sources are sliouv
in Figures 7 and k- Ponnil awnlcrs asx6mird with each pour torte are sboun Ili Appendit A.
Fau NPDES pans sauce dischargers in the Ltnu ca )titer Wannslask and etc ui dte
Waccama% Rna Witers1i enalyn d!luern fa naerntry. as need in Table 3. these facilities
arc Move Ccmun W'A'TP (IMOWASA), Laurintaurg•Maeten Airport C•anmissiat ILMAC),
Lunttcrtwn 5i'ShTP, Red Sprin gr WLSTP, and Wilk ville %M7P. Of thew five facilities, Moore
Comte and Liunberton W WTits did not detect mercuy in efiluent samples collected in I91.6 and
IW7, LMAC, Red Springs W1PTP, and Whitni4c WWTP did derect mercury'in the effluent
during this time perinl. Chill Wh ittrille "r TP has a limit for mercur} in effluent: stated in the
NPOES pertitit', Mtites�'JIe WV1-TP his a tttercntr limit of 003 Ugfl- prior to etpansion atone
2.S MGU, cord U.U2 ugII. aAu e>:pansion. A srimman• thf mercury car€cenlrasipm in [Riuens
fret these facili ies is presented in Table a.
r The Wlhhni Ile IMM has taxiducted evansict studies to educe die mercun• letvis in
elllutttt. Since beginning Ihew studies, the frequtacyofmcrcun' derectioti in ellletml anniples
his fallen &nett 60 percent in T096(n-57) to 22 Meant in 1999 In-64).
I=
me

.f t
$O th nl Pt . %YIP
Ahsrdern C, k
0
Move Civnn WAIrPsel)
ANId—Creek
070
Camp l7.teksll (Arm))
Drrn+ning Cron
0.0?
(00751
DOC-Macadl l ,qml
Ire wonwin Creel,
0'
W.,ty 1 &wen,
LI.Ac, R,1.
a 5
Roryrm Cam% WTP
Lamer River
02
Hnnlx.4c WWTP
L iter Rio.
1.)_1
F,b" Ce Sch•I+wp it,
Wd rlbnn
now
wirne CNmn WWTP
UYL—d-Rr.t
0
At— Knit Fab&
Leader Ri—
;.MO
Lrod6 "W'%Mi.'1
L-w-%_
10000
Blxkr�eLomTatan. 1' .
Lumhr Rita
Ia00
Cr&L%%e4WWW5f
Lr 1,. Rixr
Y,ai+N.
R.i.M Cn Sctl-Omem, egos sdr
Rower. $V,vnp
0.074
030757
F•ii tINIM %Tl'
RN Sim mgI WA'rp Intl
in L.,4r Ri
1.Iltle Raft 5nm,lp
0.I90
2,500
'
Lmriatwil Cin-VA%tan Ailpeat
Lmtbn River
1.0
030753
to )
I3ln,fenha'n UWTP
13nw,[Sunmp
03W
Ss. P.W04W7P
Bis Me h tivamp
0.$[)0
Parkmn W%YIP
Dmno hLu h
0.700
P.te Ce Lwnhs LU
bis March susmP
0
C'M M,lal,. OV.
tl,c Mara, Swahp
0.097
Flafe Co. RIMhwi,xh
Raft $wamp
N^hail
f#c C. RIAVAni is
Uea.Mare, S.—P
N.Intl
usa7u
t i.— WWII'
hnmao M.R sknrch
ONO
W.arcmiaV 030756
Cameo Tad Cmnlwn
Urn Cake u�u _
11.070
L.keas nawuuTP
Vr In%gx Swrml`
e1Jn0
Tehr Ciq W4TP
Tows Caml
1,100
Wars'
C,aumin Cr+grMnd,�,R,t P,y,
irr-,C,—sx "K.
O.W5
Ill w 11k C. 90r Wxcanuw
Ill heel Broach
00057
Lien,
Cnmlinn Pb*he l lhlnv Cn
err u, P.v„nun, n Swnmp
0.57
OWn
WhVe,,11e WWrli(ar)
,%lyre M,"!,
3!1
Chadlraan'A'%%'rP
soul. Sump
n 1:0
ira,rPi. puale
J_,j_Creek
0
etnrsrm, W'NTP
thnN Mara, S—ri,
0.W
Dery a Nettle Whlt."ll.
Smda Su„m+
Ne ham
,aif'ec,lny ewine-W. eatmmrynupvn md,rwel7'at^Itwstu merna}rn weedjenit ttaovr
nulrr Tnllnl, sda,nted M x',,r e[ lead I+L,nlh Ev, iH,wtel M.'r
u,a n,a)10
Flgure 11 NPDES DJtehafim In tha Waccamaw River Ras]n
A'
nUOEsOa�, 9 Y ��• •11 y)Sj
S � r •Jar gr' t�3 7
.. � aPuuYacr
r� J
CMMY hdry
Stibb"tn bury
er USG9 aWa
NVp1;5 dlrtivrp
btn6lmtsur
MN W hydroaraphy
Myort,VaPhy
Municlp.l[ly
N
W+E
s
I� Figure 7. NPDES Discharges in the Lumber River Basin
!'ter\� ..mrk ����{• � �,,1_ �:, ` ! ` %�
b sil}}--YY � IIIR n•w trw x•Phr
r. �� - � i� ,� ♦ tr6Oa gar
r. _
b as 4. 1 W C
Inl
IAminbag-maman
I A
11.2 u.? 06
AirpOn (N'M417751
102
Utinhnton WWTP
GM
0.2 -
[A'CCnr245711
103
Mono Count, W15TP
011.1
0.2 - -
IN00037.O1tj
107
Red Spn.L.
10141
02 el 02-rig
[11CUkL55771
1115
U1.1e+111c W%%TP
SNln7
0.2 03 11.2-1.3
R:CYg171v±o1
la) The ntlmler of simples iit h#iich iilero,n w et dV Wd 01 el be rwuaxr ol'rvilple, alplcaal
Ibl .m.. memrry nonce .an salcWaled loin¢ ail dncnM rnncmtratic.s ..tl one.Mtf of the deletion
lin,il Ior samples below daecuoa limtt
(Mm facilities Co not regularly nnalyet effluent fa mercury. Intermittent releases of mcrctm,
can crew hum largo 11,W wrmer trealmenl plants in respaise to the discharges reveiied fratn
111tdiCa1 Cr irldu5tri;11 corlllecrittlls. Setrral odiet grnaiier dischwgcs IIl the Luillba Pit"
Watershed nray paeminlh, eotaain rntwn. inclndiug ho4mulls and mewl Sin lilting indlisvies.
Etta if lbese facilities do re[ttiw otcocury t0 surface „wU t ICPr)ES Mot muses are si t
helicred to be the mess s gniftcml source Ofinerrnn'to surface ..aiers In the 1,1m1ber ,v
Nraccamanr River %latersheds. For eumpk, elnared mieun•krrls hose bre+l famd in tuft
wheat there arc no upstream nPDES ]n3i01 taurvasofmawry-- Therrfere. \PDES point sources
canna be the only sr-vroc . f tneta,r}.
Atmo.niteric Sotlrycs. Recrnl scirnli£tc smdia bare indicnlcd hear signiGPam nt;uanc Irnds of
la.drophahic tagauic chemicals (e.g dlmins, PCBs), merclu); and hirropn ante fresh the
atalwpharc (Lindq, w et at. I pw t, EPA I (1sis, 1997n,h)_ Atmospheric deposition recurs ,then
pal lularin are carried trail the air to either the lnnd ar water. This del", ilion may he cnh nncad
hp preeipitclion in the form of falling rain or snow. 15'aldVide nleraln rnlissims ra the
atmosphere bare increased since the Eleyiuuing of die indasviai age_ After the initial local
dep,niCm of mercer, -that reCUlt near 011<5i01 "Lrcc, the remaining nmrean'etllCrr the global
air current and may he oansported greal distances across counvics and mer oceans {CPA
199701.
In EPA's \{carry Sind. Report to Congress (EPA 1497a-h)• bath regional and Imal
alinoWheric modeling nos performed to estimate the a,xrage annual atmospheric depa®aian of
mercury. Regional models consider pollumms; that maybe transported o,rr long distances
].coal mrakls cunsidn-wily she alga arawnd apeyifit sink rmissims, Fa th comb Carolina
costal errs, ]be regional me4e! esllmsied that a,erage annual Weal mertuty depesitien ranged
frmr 10 to?0 LIgint.. Lmal raWeling did nut fixity on a s[xeifte facility, but rather Vas
ped"eti on h%podicticaI nin1'mr)'emissitns sowers in the eastcm and Vxsiem US- For the
cast" US, this local wale m xlcling predicted ihat 7lu 4W° of locally rnliRcd lulal mc,c y

could deposit within 50 Ma ofa h}pahedcai fncilil'vtEPA 199)aL Thus, white up to half.,f the
emined mercuiv would dep.ait ),orally, Cie u'mainiug niercui) nia5 be transpurtuJ ostr sit at
distances and could deposit in news witlfout local point enussi xos sgntrecs,
The N tli Cnrolina Di+isicti of Air (htalio, (DAQ) maintains an awlosphelic merctuv sampling
site at yt'a—intaw Stow pvk. a4went to Lake Waceatnaw. This site has been operating s'in.+t
1995.- There are no other atnimphelle nicleur}' monitors ;n the +icilnil+•of the Lalilhcr mid
Wenicvnms River Woiershads. Data edlttttd at the wn,:caiw,, ssate Park nucnimrinc site
inckttdr meteorological data (i.e., wind speed and direuicn, relaiive hwuidin•, mupernture,
precipitation). and ambient air natatory saps. Mctovrologicai and merou"aper data ase
colkcud as 15- nintac intmals. Mnecvdo(anl data is collortcd from "a fs5•fdnl pole and
tire• msxntsv vapor anal�m'vrltl hors is at a height of appnnima[els 6- l0 feet, train»ante it also
collected eon a week). M9s far the Nvionsl htercur}' beposieion Nesuntl IMDNy; >apnpks are
sent to a corwaci lab for analssis.
DAQ also mairitaius permiu and Other database infanmticm for industrits emitting pallmauts to
the xmimphree in the State of Nadi Carolina. The Sdte of snuJn Carolina mn'uttains n similar
database- In the ciciriiiy of Wseeamaw Slate Pnck, slid within the Unifier and irwer Cape Fcar
Weer Basins in general, there are fllieen facilities with reponcA emissinna cfmae than ern
pmmds of mercuq per year. The largest reported missions are front kollraehem Manufacturing
Campanr, Li„C., a chloralkali fseillty. Based m the information prdrided by the facility,
npprmimately 1,100 pwmds of inetwa' were enutleJ from the fadiily in 1996 . It is wselear
whether this esumve includes fugiiiar emissions or poienual emismans 6mn lagaons on lie site.
A map sharing the Zccalkiss of perenhigad s nosphcric point source emissions in the vKinin•af
Use Lumber Riser basin es sbowm in Figure 9. ;lumbers corresponding 10 tht fa 04.% name and
emission rate are also included in this figure. Fxilitc dtua is preserved in Table 5.
bAQ aatduas aual.sis df sew meteorological and --vapor data bun din s.:•acCOmaw site
son a regular6:eis_ Figurra l0 and 3 S show t}areal graphitai neprrsentatioris of aimosyhrric
e7cmrntal mttcun rapereoncentralions rd Weoramsw State Park in Ma} o<1W These
reprrsenmlinns of mcmtr� t.UncentralisMf in the atmosphere illustrate Uw in0urnca of htt
glubal!}transpottctl entente as aril u sppatrm heal inputs. arising 6uu situ ere luc'ated to the
rast-notheaA of the sampling site. Figta'e IQ displa}s die nsenrury cwlcenrlativi vcrsua the date
and tune ufday without itgal'd to wind d'uvoute, From this figure, it can Ixr seen that the
hnseliur runrenumireo Uf;uduicnt air rlrmenwl wnrew'y vnlxr is 6rtuxn Q,7 and 3 nglms at
W;teeamuu Sane Pm k. The peaks ultion ed nee events ubs—ed dtaing this pniul and are
11pieal event levels and duratldns observed for this site. Figwe 1 I rcprestttls Wt x1Rtt data as
Figure ] 6 belt has sm1J the tlir•rne Cvr111a 1+lotted,s This figure shaua the rypieai sprrlatiun of
evemsi anel Nistd direction associaltd with this sue_ die nWjdril4' of the evewts vie asgxtated wvhh
winds from
LMQ bp. maeaurog asevara k.d. in r•utuutts in belie 1995 and msiimt nvicentrriwwa maw+ m Ma.
1,va.
'irpttrtcknsiYrarhitsm sari psaes+ts. Wenm}®imens fsmslhe Hack vt easuvtal esMretura]
to pnweiectatye lndr tn' art and 91 199a
a Each mina rrtveretly line IS•nunwe ti to nnyir li¢ armrsyhcri mvnntm,
' ILc he, 1-1s hove hxn ntaervol ,.rth .11-1 me 9. mrmth highs Inat =o-90 Helms. KIhit 1-1 Heal
vl—i s.as-co- Ioong/ ' Dasait locks's to drrems;mthe ueyaairl at these hkcllalevel events
P.P. 19
liawe rot .rawr*anrJfar.vl C.arwmr•wv r a:aa..arrrra..wr law
Fngme 4, locations of Iocal Stack Enitissiom. 191%Imritoq
Numbered sources eviii gwaie, durs 10111-r of niemirs)
anu` ` ....r •� . �' :� YCet ore•
J„J PoYN aMn nOy
�4 • Q County oral'
-N
f1g,we I L 19'iad Di ... ti. r darlrl,p Afe-giry F.—us ui Il "--n .o Sna, Awk,
Afal- 1998
page 22

the east and nrntheasl f 70109u-degree secI orsI. Al7picaI —ails hose hscn obrencd from other
directions but not uilh the i:equency ofones from the cast and northeast, though the prevailing
winds ue primarily ftom the smlhwcst, Wilmingtcm and Haltrachem Manufacturing Company
are sirumed al+rpprovm.Iet• W ind 79 degttes, rest+cciis cly, from Wantamr. %tatc Parr
Theo rcpreaentatims of mercun-ooncenuatipna in the asinasphirn; illustrate the inUurncc of
bah globally tarttlrrled mercur} as uxll as an apparent (real c1Ted, likely time ststrts I—ied
cog and ronlicasl of the part. Hvrsrsxr, is is prcmamrc to disaals- relale atmospheric
flunks atimts of rletneoW mercury in not and dry depasivan. 'store infarmaliorl and measured
data regarding the forms of inercurc a1 Waccamase Stale Park are needed prior to making this
disharch.or.
JAI, J. l.asvl raculfler ntrh £.srfmared 19911Nrrrurt• 5'rack Er dsrloar C•rnarv!into 2a lhs t•rar
Figure
Faeilhy
ID
ID--- Fa:ilils Na[ae
Lnnsstons 1lxnenrt
County Ave
1
4rf0
2W2 Hall mat—Stanf u. CO.L LC-
1446A
caturebm, NC
6X0263 New ELanaeu ttasic-m-Enctgy
3'--320
sew Ifaaorxr, NC
Facility
3
4500136 CM1. Staon Nam
47 nil
Von. H;moser. NC
4
:4%030i Itdernatianal 2':1per-ReigaINa1A
6800
C01[mibns, NC
5
Ir MC13 2,1, Dupint Cnnepaty
6:00
Hnmsuick'OC
6
StAne Cmnaiaer,
4000
Florenoc. SC
65OW35 Oe jdculnl Chpnic.'d Corp
1052
N'esv Hatronu. NC
a
2600102 On 6ragg.Alitasy
:,50
0rn,hrrl—dl NC
`1
2coa; 14 Cape Fear valke Nied Ceder
2000
C1mbertaM NC
10
17P1t A.1rimom
20 on
Darlington, SC
11
Snorer Conler.(ir•uinfei
20t10
Han.. SC
12
6HSIIN9 We"kiiatSlnems-R:,gruh
1640
Scrila L>1C
13
7ta)ts*7 D}ciaR k Priming ufl4mthtom
Itllfl
Reiman. NC
14
2ntlr#15U Kelly-Spslu eki Tire Ca.
14.:0
Coral- rid. NC
15
43CO10 Ssstlt 7estilt5 fist. Stain PLAm
1^,'19
Hamem \C
la) Indrtin
lylle b:lsed Onprimer}' nrpatl'I SIC wale,
lb1 Data
pooled Iran IP95 and la?7 inventories ISCDHEC
1`1'T71, The SCDH£C
dambasr
wnlailtsenlissidls to 0n l talshxar,
ilea deposition data Groat Wacoaman State Park hatx been cdledcd since I rM3 as pan si the
,Slercuty Deptrsiticu Netunic. As per she QA plans fm the NfD\, a total raiaw:tter sample fsr a
,sech period is oullxred ear a —4d., basis This sample and addisianal raln[a11 mmilaine
hardcapp data are sew ton cort lob for amlpsis The resulls are then M1Assd re a crnval
YID\ database for disarmination via quarterly reports hack to the participating site coordinators
and e.rnmallyta the MDV +, chsiie (11lir Ojmdu sus nit[ccdo i do . A Summary of mere —
concentrations in rainwater and sates deposition data front January through December 111w; is
Shmen in Figure 12. The mcrcunconcenuution in rainssatrr averaged upproeimamt, 12 agiLa.
The total tan doptssnimr Cats E9'16 was l3 7f10 ngjm_ 112.7 r<g7m3). Fiseto 124oess
nnsiderablr caidarom that a tragor sourre of mercary inryu to the Lumber and W necassuw Riker
"This akwalm tucrcun•cunceotrafsan in rainuater is equal tothe water quality standard for
AnNical surfacc tamers sotNwth C.— inn.
basins is aUncnpbvdi; drpanitiun. AL"fica slly. Figines 10 and I I provide suggestive r,id,'—
of- ]uvl $out" Intlw'nce tin uunuspheric snenut3 yaps- lends, Nlcossved Lei drpvsi6v, rates
and precipitation crnKenrratic+us of mercun•are feusisteutly higher ui this tea thus at a silivaw
sampling tits in srrxtia;lstrnr NO rh Carolina healed at 11eltigsew Slate Park 1UAQ, personal
eammaaridatiMsli k% uho the nuctualiols in stnsoslrllenc elcmelund luereury vapor are in sane
wvy-wauihiling tothii partem of doated ds7vitili in still needs to tv dcteiminrd
fhv depoitat i9 not mcaaysd at cidler MDN site. Nlrran that is d44aasiled during dn•
,readier is gcnerellp or the Imarodate phase, although recent litcranuc hldieales that roam'v
gascons utercury {RCMI may also be dCMitW daring do weather. According to Lindberg et
al. 119Y91. recent data boil (,ves(s in Tennessee, Vermont, and Sweden suggest that drat
dr}n�sitimn Mtacrnny n>a} evcetd a ct iktwsilion by as much as a EaCrOr Wlwn. lu studies
Lindberg ci a4. t IW)) are mnduaing in the Florida 12%wglades, initial estimates of dry
deposition dunnj a Typical Starch suggest that dry inputs ofHg will «teed taxi. Thus, all ofdle
mbmx estirmares of dcpositias maye,saml fm less than rite -hall udihe real merctrrydcpusition
f—inivs: al Lake %%'sccamow,
IZ EPA- lVoc of Air Qua tin• Planning and Standards t OAQPS l performed screening In of
di siscrsitm and doixlsilion modeling oftnereunin the upper lfaccamaw River Basin (EPA
1999l. The toAned gauasian Ill unm mind, 15C511`3, was used to perform the malpis. DAQ
prmided USHPA with a datafwsc orrimosphcrlc mercury emissions that was used to denelop the
dispersiat and deposition nsrdel. Emisshms Nithin 51t kin o(Lakc Weccmnnu acre used in the
motel'': rtan-permdted sources and emissions outside the 50 Los radius ssae nos included. The
modeling sug;<Ka that approsimatcly- M of Use deposavon predicted at the Center of L4c
Waccanaw is due to emissions fiom the HWuaohem facility. The highest deposition rates were
prrdined I,) be in die northeast corner of tht grid, closest to the }lotirachem fsaliav, and.sithin a
portion the lake The spatial nariabdily of w•ut deposilion is nidenr when the isoplcths are
plotted or'cr a map Orihc arcs. For cxnnlple, w'hhin Lake Waccamais the model predicted
dep—non rates *am 60 to 140 ugfnl'-}ear of dinalcnt rncrcun' depnsilioin dclscndmS upon the
Itratim within the lake IFigrue 1?1- A Cupp' of that rrpuri is available in Append,, B. The
discrgcas result of dre model with that 19aG field dory mad !,c due to a nuutbcr of rrasans.
These include the lime gone considered 4i r., data is from Ly%arsd model is to 19111I. the
chemical spaiarian uwd is the mum. and uncertain rmissiaas estimates. .
{Vasm_jruA, The Month CarLAuna Llikkiun of N'aue V anageatuat 1DN''s1l maintains a dziAbase
of inadisrhatardU u waste kills for the euurc stale aad is cunemly Nuking on datronic maps
ofthese siva. Potanlinl waste silt >ow cos of ntrrcure svrre screened hats the DWNI database
f� Hoke, Nlwre, Sedlaud. RohCsun, iilpdeth C'nluulbus, mud Rn[ns+sick uxluties Ctf date sites
evaluated, umly one site. the Nest Point Peppd'ell site INCD04542402j. identified me curt' as a
contarnhutil. Metcury was kund above state and federal MC I,s in groundlt'atar at die West
Point Pepperell she in Lunulsxtal fRae+rson Cat�n'l. Ha++ener, dlese staples weer cN[ecled err
a tinst who» Clean teclsnques tame mat alway�obxnM, ilws mccury ,.tropics may base 11en1
contaminated. This site is not brlin-ed to Ike a signifinast amnibutrr of mercury mss rbcc
waters sic gmundualcr.
' Fitt( tSwnnca is the Mis%Ur non m-anrnc 16.1 [v[ge fin the ISCST3 r-s 1,
Figure 12 ) 9w,, It accunemv Snare Park II'd !),p rlfion !pare
it 60
e
40
30
0 70
�' 10
• .r«
11119a 2r y8 41VCIW U30M 7flgMil S}1/96 torzirm 1210M
Data
N 0000
2ra0
2000
-
ISM
•
IQOo
Z-
500
sai
! •
VIM 2120166 <110100 5/3Df9S 7119M anlae tOr27f99 12ltalaa
Date
un.,unrrr,;,w-tkr larch
figare 13, Esrimaled Wen bepaririart ojl3isnlemr n}rrrery Offiff)kn Off LA, H'rtrcaanst.
47rinky 1191.9(0-A 151108)
n sear •m n,n aen m
MW
Pale 26

other sourcesmS rcuryRam the urnosphere ma} olepusi[ ran land w sw'rice sorter. Thus. all
surface warns oiU reeckc Ill culydherdy Gran the amtospheic. A—ondtr)'wuI ve of
nin-cury to sw'face ,rans collies doln soi I++ ithiu the oa cershed. "creorl, is antnfalli' present in
veils. Adciano (1987 as cited in Rule and Imashchcnko 1998) rcpoiledl an arithmrtie mran
Iner'Cln)'Gai,cenffatlon in soil of fl.112 mgrkg (912 samples), pith geanCtHC t11tM of 0.071
nngrkg, Ilumcver, mecury eonccnttnlions in sail increase in response to rnaemy'depOsiting
*ov: the ahnosphere. For esample.R[dc and lwasbdtnnko(19u8) reported Sig IliScaudy clevated
to cIs of mercui l-, up tow otdcr of magnitude higher than bail,grotuid. ill salYea soils midiin
t+ao kilasteress of a former chloralkali plant ill Virginia. ! mury drposited au turf.a $nil, as
utll as rrtercun•rtamralla• present in sail, may' be resuspended in r anoll'arid traaspoocd to lakes
and rims. This isidireet same of mcreaarymar persist afia strnosplscrit depceitican afrnersvn
is reduced_
A'PDES and amsospheric releases of mvrcony hmc hccn idnirified fur die Lunitxt; and
Wit —maw River W'nlnslicds. Ulllcantely, [he total 1,.cury load Goan eacll of there I)l,rs of
6asrces mill be rtquirrd to detrrmitte the best worse of action to reduce Mercury in the aginli c
enyironnrent. For (his nnahsis, tiIe total Iliad includes merctuy tram NPDES point sources,
direct amiospheric deposition, and indirect mcrcun in a+erland runoff Meteor• from natural
sources cold wban stmnnm ma was not esdmnlcd. Pis.mnMis is intended to demonstrate die
relet;re magnitude ofinercun•that ma}'etach the surface +, eta, The re7ultl of [his adahsis will
not he used to determine the bad allocation portion of the TMOL.
Tire V7 itmaas. Itna Watershed was selected fax the ecaminavm of total mercury loads
because the atmospheric monitor is located scaihin this basin at Waccamaor State Peak. Two
locations in die waaashed ntre used tosum loads across media. Tire lumber Riser was not
included in this analysis became of due distance w the amtmpheric mrnitur and the lack of
VPDFS effluent mercury data. These are White hlartit at US74r75 and Waccamam Rim at
Fralnnd. In Fiitae 8, the W rl eeattaw Ricer lit Freeland is the most upstream ambirnl site in the
Waraanau River. White ..Marsh eaten the Wacrarni Rivr-r lion the mAithwat, upsuewn of
the slaLiurt at Freeland Air qualiq is higlt7variable. even midsin a few kikinelcrs, sa
uppli-Lac of the air ror,cen allohs and we[ depwsition 1—k front Won'tuuan State PwL to
Areas nen: Uliancters 5.xn die pick inuttluces a great deal ut innnnuinq. In fact, due all
eplality can+— greatly ei eon within a st11101 river mtuershed, such as the Wneemmnm' Riser Basin
, idtin North Carolina. Hou ever, in Olt absence ofeldditional data, alerCLLn' deposition data at
WacCarn tam Sure P,uk were applied to the entire Waccamaw River Basin. The falloccing
sections describe the ealculatlon of bads for each sotirce tope.
i.2Rl 59sai m The cad antmd load Gmn paint somces has dncnsilsed for die onl)•tacility
with an NPDES posmit aid nrdewy data in the Warcanaw River Basin. Olt Whilc61 a W'RTP.
Ustall 0%and Lr+l7 don horn dsedischarge stsmhon ig report MMR). tat average annual bad
of siserciary was calculated for the faeili[p. The av=ge lend of Soil &!sear was aleulsted toting
anc•half of tsc drtticlimt limit fear non-delected concntmtimts. A summary of thr DMR data we
presented in A],peridis B.
Direct Atmospheric Depusitim. Rainwater falling direedyonto su .laic wain is another
pathway 11a mercvn to enter the squalic system. By mulaplying the 1996 annual deposition rate
of 12.7 nglme measured at the air monitoring site M Waccamaw State Park by the total surface
area of the surface watrr 1u*', all eslinialt ofdircct ahnospheric deposition to Wit itc Marsh and
\1'acrumaw Ri, n' t+us made. For the White hum sh }atcni, direct deppsilical was nsslrmeJ w
cccw molly moo White Mush. The segment of White Marsh upstream of US 74,76 has an average
Itngdi ofltt N00 meters and all average oricith o1`9 7 meters as described in EPA's Reach File 1,
Mullipking Huse h.a dimensiotsa, lilt stufatt area ersluated is equal to 2.9%10s square meters.
The product of she surf tee area and the ava it annual deposition tilt is a ghcar. This is case
average annual dirt[ deposition load so White Harsh at US 7403.
A similar calculations was made for she Walaimaw Rivec at Freeland. The sarfwe arts mom
determined based on field uteasliranents of the Riser- The Lvaccaa m Riser front (he dam at
lake Wimcamaw m der t;C•Sl Start line is al,pro insasdy •7ri miles Itrt(S. Sclow'thedam tlic
river is 12 0011 meters ++ide; fimhLr dasntsream at >`C 93 case ricer is appr0+iniately 3U mncrs
wide. If the entire riser receives amtospheric macuq front met deposition at a rate of 12.7
tigirnt,var, the total manual mercun, load from direct deposition mild he at the order ot'20
giytar, Ha,ever, the W'aecerttaw River at Freeland receives signi£tcaaL amounts ofwarer from
tnbuinries other than the Wacesmau' Ricer, including Mike Marsh, Lake Waeoaptsw {which is
abo+t the Waccamaw River), slid Juniper Crcck_ The total surface area ofthtse Imo maice
tributarin and the lake was used 10 calculate additional nwrcwy loads due to diaQ ataimphcric
deposition, The surface mesa Of the uibutuies and the estimated direct deposition loads are
presented in rabic 6
Tthk si Eseinaere s. iNr.rr . idws Lawls ro clot u domanrary Rii+er or %cefaad
StrcanslLake Strfau Arcs (m-1RMosiatican land t earl
Whire Marsh tat r,cto- 7
Ldc Waccamam- ?.& lcir 4U(j
2uniper Creek 1.7,cl0 2
Waccamaw River 1,6r10 20
7nisif 4c01'-5011}
(a) The swlace area presented tier White Marsh euends bcwnd U5 7417610 the atoulh ofthe
snearu. Wlrcn Ilse entire stream sitrficta arc.1 lea the tramtah is considered, the deposition is sewn
hear.
Indiren Mcrciir) in RcmoO: The last padtwa)quaniifred is tilt mercuuy load in m'uland steam
[lose or rwsotf. The method used co calculate mernnn loads in runoff is simplistic and assumes
liras Ili of fla mercury in precipitations remains dis okcd in wales and dos not pulition toszl,
plaits, a• sed"ensen4 or volatilize, prim io rtaching the marsh- This motto will MLsis anate she
add asicamt of mercur}'reeching the marsh and is intended only as a sacening method whelp
mclersand the alean a wagnintdes of mertnm sources in the Araccvnaw Riser Witerdted.
For dis, A%,ld chemicals, %fills ec sl. (19g51 presented sop separate equations In determine ncr
dissolved load, as WhimY.
Ln.h.I-C,-Li
page 27
Page''-g
and
Ud - LD• D.i
fable 7 Sum» ram (?Esrinrared dlrrnrn• Load, to 117rire,tfarsh and H'areaaasr RJsrr a
End laptiiats
where,
Wateanwt River near
Wld -
annual watershed dissolved pollutant Inod (kglyr),
Source Whiit.Marsh al US 74176 Freeland
LD -
dissaicoil loading hraelirm tkgli a),
; IPDES pdrtt sauces 50U SOU
Il.l a
cnn+trsionfacior,
DiMLatrumpheriedeposision A Stw
Ca
n necam lion of dissolved polhrrant in n nciff (mg/L},
Minces sun ifi 2,500 7,700
Q -
annual acerage rttrurrf ham smrce area (ant, and
Total-1INJr1 .9.sN1n
DA -
dramsre yes this
(a) Lads nepoim in shear.
Combining that equations and calculasing wear casrcrsiots factors, (he fallooing equation
These estimates of mean•loads to the riser are simpOsue. The mrthods to ealculasel
detcmtincs dissoirnM menus• ludo in runoff:
atmospheric related loads assume [lux rainfall in lWci is typical, on a netkly basis, and that dry
deposition does not occur[. Additionall, measurements -
easureents ofinet de position W' at Olt ale nam
Old •fr• ` 71.a',5'
Sate Park are not reptesentartse of what maymca!tardier do,a grcnnt on the Wncremnu' Ricer
or in due Lwnber Ricer Waicrood.
,here,
Wld -
annud dLssolved mercury load to water KAN'(gl)ear}.
Ca -
oarcenu'atiutt of dissolved inerrmy in rwiufiing/l.,).
Q -
annual average tntnoff frall sowrc snca l entil.
DA -
drainage area Imr], laid
X -
ccn,crsien facia'-0.0-159€L-gfng—earl
for this estimate of the dissolved lading factor, the catttmraion o fdrussived mercury in ruadr
was afannecl to equal the svri rvuatitn of eacrawy in rainwater; in 19% the acerage nxscun'
cpsempatia in tainwaw was I: ur& Runoffcvimata aid drainage areas are available from
many'ofdue lrSGs ganging suiom in due arcs For the Waccanavr Rim aeon Freeland. the
n'trage aauuai rvuoR'as repotted in 1'rs6.vas Is.l9 locales (3r; eon 1 wash a rlraiuhage arts M"GRn
squarer miles (USUS TN6). Tiittil is no LJSGS gage ni Wltitc Marsh -Mower the average
amutal nwoll'ur ale arcs ranged frotar 12.SR inches i32 ens) it Big S,mnµ near Tarhoel to IUK
inches (d8 crui at Drouining Creek near Hotbi nn. A mran nmoll'ra[e OS' 35.2 inches Id8.6 eon)
used for White Marsh, M Ranh there is no gage at White Mush, USGS estimates the
drainage.tea for Wliitc Mardi at US 74176 tote 201 square miles The indirect runoll'inercury
loads were determined to he 2,51.10 gl+ear at White Marsh and 7,700 gl}esr at 14btesluaw Ni,u
near Freeland.
Total Load;. Its summon., the eninsated local rimctrn' loads to %%'hit. \harsh at U5 74,76 and
ltaccantaw River near Fiteland mere determined as the sum of the point Source Mods, the direr(
deposition Irorir+ and the indirect nmrwTlisma. The total lads me presented in Tsbk 7,
s 1. faR 19%1s not a •rnpical' yda rare Sao humeanet Beruu and Frm,,irate imiticil in the Ncnb Cmoturr
Must iriseiaa n.-fi of ael—L ofmin.
Mg, 2e
Page %00

ESTIMATES OF MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE MERCURY LOADS
( intlenlly', the orno eclphimicated and comprehensive model of rnrrcwc c.-ling in the aquatic
environment is We 4fercwv Car l ins MWet (MCW ticscIotled kit mho F.lcelric Po,cer Rc5ca i'e l}
Inslimic tEPRO and Tetra Tcch, "Tire MCM meehanislinll} sinmlmes the traasipon and
I- arisfnrinatiaus of menus±' in hotels) i alers based on Ott caoClx [hat aqueous chtnticil
splcciation gm ems sire rates of oheac prntxssca " tI ktulsrar et al. i `"lal This Would requires large
ari amts of site -specific data to nut and ealiM ate told has boon successtithy applied in a study of
Nvisseersur taLes. VCM was originally dawkrad for lakes mid imtxmmhrxnts. thus modeling
rioerine systems is not an uknitn v lab this rarmlel°. MCM was era turd se. cralsote Pages, Pit and
Wnsou lakes Co sours) reason, including she Inge Rimester afmultimedia data required to can
and mlitrate the rn Iel, the limited usefulness of the mucskl results, and the lackof mcanaed
mereurrinels in the ]ales ibere is cartnitlrsVang ttiJrna itlautifiinc wwspinTir
deryxilion as a significant srauce uGmertun iu the surface wmer v4srans. Ambient mrnuming
data hair dcmonstmaled mcreten• eoutesetrations in fish tissue in all leis ofthe aquatic food Web
and mercury has been detected in surface water only sporadically: While the MCM roodd would
clarify mercun• nding in the lake systems, it world u1Ter little slntards Ind allocatiou yocc the
psisomy source. is a'mosphcric.
A simple mass Ixaunre equation "as tnied to c.11ndumt the mn.inmor bib kill usxriared uilh
an in la— awand larger concenu'alii 'Ibis equation it as follows:
L'1
whe2c
instrcam tdeentrntiam W'pollutanl,
fetal allottnble load ofpollutodl to the. "mtrhxly. and
tloo rate iu,raterbodv,
Therm are many assumptions inlmtrow in (Ilia simplistic equau bm, A major assumption is float die
stream is at stt.+dy state: this implies that Conditions in TIV sheam 1,C not changing "ilh time,
Additionally, this approach assumes that 11011utanta entering the wztuK-dy remain susl,cnded in
Ibe Y+lies Column aid do not deposit to sediment. While man}' metals dissohe readily in aster,
srmle forms r,i needs ndhcrc lu small parlldea tlnoI ing In die water or larger panicle depositing
to the bovoin nfnhe 11WC1 P. Losses ornulabs due to snligeutatiat art not considered usmg
the show equation Lastly', a salect mwmher of metals, incIoding morn—, mayev it lit forms
[haI mold ,nlatiliir rn the atnt(nphest. This lass of moron' also was nrr crrrsidard. The
a]lowsbte loud detcnnincci from the ohms erpnaien is, therefore, a rrmsemainceslimato of the
mcrcon-laul that may he assimilated by the w:amer body.
To determine the maim um daih'mctaay Ind. a tared insi e m ccmcrntnuion W) equal to
North Cudini s ewrern micrfmy standard 01112 1 wss used. This standard was daisrd
° EPA is currently nodif}ing h1CM Ire the Florida Fvcrglades. What this model is calibrated
and monk pai syailabk it may proyde additional peri knout ministration shout mcocury
Cycling in the Lural stud Waccamaw• Watersheds.
T.,01
ralred rvaaneYev,rt.n+fm.rry ,.a-r r.lue0.YrN nwsrww. wew.wetn rule dtra
t� -•
--
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r r
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w.e�
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nt
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aW C•MY yryrr..m.f rm,rt
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WM1nr rr S, ll: rNra err N•nnrrl(I
Ce1o91010p
-ill
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rr
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al
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W.ownrW R m r..wra
WaonmrwP bl NC 9o0 err Pi•wrr NC
a: I,beano
T, n 14
"a
ran
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a.?
4
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Ins I,.r.p. ry Nirmn.l M.'.'IriW,�O,M1. w'a,.lra nv+ear rwr uMr wwp.. anw mouser M naa rent
<bn •swen.�r-i r,.., war steel loan. ter uses.
err a icy nor bey yr. IMR*
from die lours) of ihrcc tovcological values, the Final Chronic Value (m isumie life based). Final
PImil Value, and the Final Acsidue Value (fish Iisit e hosed). For omrrurs', the Finai Residue
Value ((1,01: WI is the lo„cst of the three raises (F,PA I QA5) To datum ilia the Fetal
Residua Value, the FDA fish tissue action lend of I mgikg is divided by ill bicelono n(ration
fnetor MCF) for the cl,crnica1. The BCr is me to east- of the accvmulatian of a aheamicaI in
Hem In this case, a LCF is calculates] by dividing the chemical cmrcnhadon in fish by the
chemical concentration in warer. EPA f 105 i cites biaancentratim tutors ranging from 1,300
to S 1.700 Ll-e as a ,cighted a,vcrage defending an the method of calculation and reference. A
6iomncenuatim facror of 91,70 lAti, based rbe uptaLr of organic sncrcurvb• Rthcod
minawtslPowpoles prwtefns), w used tedeterenine the Final Residsre Value.
7}pieail}: mordmum daily Loads fit non<arcinolg is subssanrrs ate JnYlopcll rninga
chmancriaic Imo Arno mils as the 7-day, 10-sear lots flow (7Q101 f I to VCAC :3,0_06)
Ann age- 300' and 7010 Am sbasr histurieallybe¢n obtained from USGS fa nwnrrrants secant
koca6cas rhroughwu North Carolina. A summ ofihe allonable daily maaimum mercury
lauds wrdrr aettage. ?0Q-' and 7Q10 Oswts is shorn in Tablt 9. Annnal loads line determined
byrouhil i7ing the mania load based on an a tragc fkm la} 30 Jaya In general. the
allwaWe tmavmum annual tnersnas lust) For an}' of rheas warns i angel frann 0 to 1 Irglyrar-
Dana by the ilea lakes. Pit lake. Pages fake, and SSatsan l.aLc, art less rwdih it'inhblo. Pa
Links acid W'asxn Lakes we prirate Iakts that we sampled w rapport thr Lumber basinnidr
fish amstauption advisory. DW) has Ira flVlilir p11451Ca1, biological, or chemical inlcrnmalim
on either hike. I'agns Lake has a sslrfrec area of d0 cars wide a maximwn depth of foss meters
The lake is Cturendr drained "hilt rglnirs are madt to the dank. USGS csu coaled an average
tune from the Aberdeen Creek darn on Pages Lake as 17 cfi and a summer IOW af.l,3 lies.
Using tht same relationship shoos( alms, au allo+rable nnercunAland cf2fl0 ghrar,tns
delt,1111 inei
Sra�a111v
hla.inntm allrncable loads vary hued at time stases, Goring the. I,att muumn Ill, s its the
Cunha and Writcamnw Riucr "nlcrshcds art t}pically ouch latter then merege tlrntr. This is
ahram in Table tit he rho 7Q10 ntsunor and "inlcr 0(ms, which Cary by season. Thus, the
maximummaxiallonvahle mercury load nlw can lal.sed ern the ilenv rates Table 9 also slims
calculations of the daily loads hissed on average flo's, and then hosed ern summer and winter Io,a
ues 0o4,s. Th. —rcritical condition, are wh. controls are most important, paniculariy in the
more s"amp}'sreas ,+hcrc mnicrinls arc wx mntinwlly blushed filsnn the s}stem.
Seasonal etmsidermicres are also imp(NFanl With respen to, the merctu) title and the appmem
ataa0nalkh-ola�+,aspherirtaut_ 4lercuryrrashafstir*egenerallyocrurontwormerlrml,Ctalues
that would likrlc oecw in she suntnsrr and rarly Fall. This c luncides wish low AMI, When
mercun' is drpum[od in 5'e mily areas, rnereran-con, be meW,laLed and btoeorrmumed in Psh.
L4'hen n rains, mrthylated raa—r. can ruses un of the swwups and loos the rivers 7rrre it is
arailaltle basher liana. As shoran in Figure 14. rise ,set deposition of titeltutlies y appW br
highest in lime sumacs (July-S -phanbc )- Trq icat wra her s3A mi bringing sigsifitam
rainfall. l±pied, lly spear dtrring this periuoh In Oct. in the sunnhat of ll)% Htmiewn Senha and
Fair 32
Fr;m resale landfall un the:,! th Catalina clxi t resulting in signiGeanl meretu)- deposition
meals. Dr)' dcpusilion rules in the regiai are unk-nnuwn. A seawnal eanptinenl ma dn'depeuitim
Imlay n154 bell 011ilsidtrali.o in rile Iiulre.
6`
7
ry
� 6
e 5
a
n3
v 2
put - Ott 2 - Qtr 3 • Qtr a - Qtr I • Qtr 2 • Qv 3 • Qtr 4 -
1998 1996 1996 1996 1997 1997 1097 1097
Hiram 14. Sem—oln'rr lh-pliriun++r Inkc ik'nsxv+mmrsfhh'Sky
II is unk orm how the high deposition eirnis li.C., late sunuuer alld tnsldeal lecalherl And Imo
!laws in file area ennmrihure to increased mernvn' nmthyiation- SI maybe Iha) dmerCllnin the
walrrsltCd Vs generally increased dtring unpical urnlha, bur char s nigni8eant lxminn of the
nlenury onn l-ted to die "arershcd during such %rather is mooed nil of the systrnl end
at enmally to the mcan. 11 11 more hkciy flint dry delx,sited nlercwy retained in die swampy, law
pH, anoxic attar is med dated during warner weather and then aeeumiilmod hi Studkes
in lbe Gyergledes, rlaida, may }xmidr su,mr insight m Ibis prncga in the (inure.
Effluent mercury levels do not appear to he seasonal, as shown in Figure IS. Hammel. if the
erklC01 time for mcrcuq melhylmiori is during Lhc summer. then mercury leads during the
srunmtr ,could also he more critical, Based on klt oo inf=imian and data, summer Ion 0oo-
loadsshould Ile used asthe total tna.imuln daily loads. Ifacl itinnat information becomes
available at a later date, the TI-IDL should de lercaluasd.
UnierWoluc5
There are Iwnmaitu swuccs ofueseenainto associated wish the mtroury load lot she lVaecamat
Rites. 'fhry are I) the snnhwl used to calculus tlulnad. and 2)rbe targa raem[rnhalirac :lexth
Carviin.t's menvn• standard.
The merewy cyrle in she ensinalment is still nut aanplcleh- rmd"laad 1naWitiontathe
simpk mrdlmiseos drnnspuxs refereraup fran me mditmn to unarhes, the chcruisup of
a resat)- affects the rfisposmim. Mersa,, is prrsicat in the eutiemmem in three diffneril Gums:
past si

a Oil 1I
3.50 I
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
rr � so � J�
0 OII
Qtr i Otr 2 Ctr 3 Ctr 4 Qtr 1 Qv 2 Qh 3 Qh 4
n OWloge 1996 191116 1997 1907 1997 1997
C)Rad Statalp WWTI It Wndeville WA17P ElLaul•1✓,6rWnr•➢r WVV P
F7garre ]A S—i;",d VPfaESL,,rdj
mtlnllie, orenuic, riot hnrn'ganic. Organic merruny inchldrs mesh}itnereun, which is the hxnr o1'
greatest concern,
CVWI. y, onercure it trot in an asimn; auras when it mess the aquill etiirrnraent, bon
rmdergoes a vansfasnauim Gam inaganit mercruy maganie or methyimerctuy in either the
water column or sediment. Mercer, present in in nemie a melallie toxins is rate accumulated to
a signifrcani dcgxa by Moen SEPA 1997b), and me5'rematn in the water rolumw, Alleranal6tty,
order the cared clliiroliarental conditions, rt eivilr' may irainr9n11 to rncllti'i2lercuri' lad
accumulate in the bodies of im enrbraies and fish. Nearh IOU%of the mercury tlial aceumudatcs
in Osh is mrtk} Wed (EPA 19H71a). The prolaertiea of m,n,nimercnuv allure the n riunld ated
chauieal to br transferred U;I the Fad chain. Therefore, each love of the flail web acm1mulates
maeuTy born its dire and palate the brides aheig o animal. in highes k Zis of the fend chain
IEPA 1994). Top constraints in the foxed web mayinccuondate mrthyimernay m keels millions
of times grata than the cmecniretians present in surface -'alas (EPA 19$Q )
Mathematical moes of mercury in the environment are still in the testing phases. ]Ae o the
complasitics of the niercur}'gcic and the mate ofscimcc manidiag measurement ofmcreury in
msirasnarean.1 media. models that hair been dowlgaed ore not eatily ini ihrat d a srnfted le,g.,
EPtt!'s �[ereru.' CyvEjng h4odel l Hm ote, if the TMDL cegnirea rea•aluatim Lan she future,
mxb ni rill br svnsidered for oar if chemicul txbrriquas hair impnwrd and tsar dell is
availablc. Thus. a unaple mass Waster model was need to rstimetc she mavmirm poeendal Wad
pii;e 15
W AsTE LOAD AND LOAD ALLOCAT(ONs
Maximum nllc-mhle momitr}Toads equal to the lone during summer 7Q 10 conditions were
calculated for a aarietyof waxers in the Lauber and WaccenjAn Riser Watersheds; these loads
ranged from 0,02 to 0 g/day. as slnmm in Table 9. 'these maxinitrl allowable mercury loads are
siplihe snll}• less than the eatlruaned meewy lauds is the Wmcasnaai Rivcr f,atersha of IYP
to 9,tiW ghrar of metered}:
Monitoring by the ffii Ss let of Air Qunlir suggeiis that atmospheric nrercun concentrations at
Waeoanuar Sate Park can be jutctdxetrd 9om bath a global Inol and ioeal sauces of rerun}'.
However, it is imponsilke In rstimalc Om n7ercury load due to local aunnsirhenc tenures err ithait
die we of a resional air dispersion and drjasitian ramiel din; considers the input writ within and
outside the loyal airsbed EPA is cursendvilmlopiag a regional air quality model far nrencen
that encwnpessaes the entire United Satin Siullipk sccuarioe Lae bring cestluatod min; the
e<gia it air quality model, including the effeees reduttims The Mercury
Report to Congress (EPA 1w}715) fists initiariues under the Clean Air Act that menu reduce
ammsphcric mercury emissions from industrial sources. Cwrrnti}'the most significant of these
inilindres is the prumulgution ofemissitm limits fix municipal watts svmbustas and mnfical
-nett incinerators Other initiati+es inunlrc further studvofconlrols m val industries. The
results of this model and the emissions reduction scrn+uios air allliciovil lu be available within
tlsr [trot eras_ Thr [bolo of bier tar and teductiar Nenarioa will hr iueaparuted inw iht
Phase Il TMDL Marbling Wsadls may- inditatc drat a ugnifscant portion Ufthe ma rrury load to
the Lumber and Wareamaw Riau watersbeds is not due to local autem In this cox, EPA
would be ncedtd lu mist in nnerlarr) rmtiatara rrdrrttwnb artt2xa entitle Iaamdarley
The State ofvadn Carolina alone canmol chinivate die aunosplieric deposition of euernuy owr
aurfucc waters Actions iui reducing the glubul pavl .rf atciw Vlwh is mn'cut y neeJ to he
dtY66pad at the nationAl and nrtennatjcrsal lci cls to ante! to W etfwire, lipsriTr, some Ic"
s&imes of awosinheric ownrun• are in odd surrounding the Lumtre and tiaccamaw I'tiittr
Wteelshcds As jimiioush stueQ the ltelvachein facility, which was the largestetainer in the
regices, is changing roe press Wat will reduce ntercurpentissions to negligible leirisholier
facilities should also be encouraged to reduce nlcteur} emissions, pal ticµl arty (hose facilities
listed In Appenndir A dim Ila,e the highest Ievcl A'eniissions.
Current and Inane NPDES point sauces in die Lumber and Waecasuat Rnw Watersheds
should not be alkmed to inci ease the anal mercury adindi-lreun[ in We systen. Thaelore. less
than delectable (Lased on tJaW Cmolini s curre alyaccepted memurartent standards) mercury
Icaets in pout source discharges to the systems etrndd tan ai nmed until gie -TMDL is rinsed.
Darin; ill is lxrrnit cycle, iinnits -ill it issued to ficililics that have driveled mennin' in efluent
in recent ariaTablr 9 indicates
that fort; lierceni of the calculated loads have been alocated to pninl sauces. {'he remaining
allmaablc load (i.e., 6166) would be allocated to nonpoint sources, including atmospheric
dcyxuihrnl and samA. Tin; ollnexim raiiomay change depending upas impimrentatim Trani
in Phase 11. Proposals fit Phase lI rest be found in Appendix E
to the AVa rarnaw N%a r. This mulet duel nor ati'etml for the a"aria 11S firms of ellrfelVx'. than
sins it uirae+oa fir uhe uptake ino fish, TA.n patios ufiht caicrdatim is assumed within the
target coucnoatial, the mason standard (discussed below) The mass balance technique used
abar is cons ;Mire in that a 7-64} I Oyear low flow (7QI0) was used to denier the tm'gel load_
The thcareucal margin•o1'.safay associated ,Wai the TMDL is priunarilq due to die um of the
summer 7010 to derive loads.
The target concentration used to dnrlop the mcreur.• load is based nilm the USEPA Ambient
\\'enter QrralnrCnteria fAtS'rJCI far mercunI[ Ms been assumed oat We atsainntnn of We
insvemt -aten qualilyerilaia. North Carolina's nncrctn} standard. will resuil in am4pitible lish
tistuc kids- Hnari'er, Ihcrc is else gsmal10n1 regarding the ability of this stnidard m account
fix luecun 1*"Is in $!sit and, thus, adcquately protect aquatic life and humanhealth. For
evniplc, Eisler 0987) notes that EPA's recanmmded mcrow-'cria l-iR for the protection of
Nihwater aquatic rife Of0 G12 ug1L Rtlers only limited ptareliou to treshwata ecofyvvus.
Zillion. es al. (Igs3)oftbrs a roardeWkd eeplaoation of the BCF testa todcrisx the manor
qualit3-standard. According to Zilliowt et a1. (1Y93-1. rcoent joijaroaYrttrnls hoar hem made in
sample edlcctian, handling, rod prrressing the; hair resulted in berm ands rc aeaunte
nleaatncnients of mercury in wotcr These new improecntmts hair m vltcd in new BCF
estimates far mcthyinlCfCurF' genenaIIye:sKeding 1 million, in eomperjscn ra the tl S,7UU BCF
disetssud above pnd used io de+tiop the AWQC. Hoverer, Lindquist el al, 1199D higb0ghts
the importance of du food web as die main mercm. intake veh'wle, not iaater. Thus, a
bioncrurmdatim fmia 1BAF) miry be more suilnhtr than a BCF inner a RAF accoesnts for
uptake him !aryl and likening, as wilt as water. TEr uscada BAF wcarld laserthe mi;tream
standard sigrrir7crrnd}'below the current sLmdsrd of O,OI? ug'L.
1,gfgin of Safele
An oJJitiuna]niurgint uCxakty may tic uppliad to the Tyd DL. The meehud nand to culculatr the
allwanble held ix inhoCrid) W neere bout and WX=IIy hrrlar ic, a margin of sL:fLh due to the
ratan aiaryr nature of the eahvlatiess..Addisionall}; the for of the 7010 ga. also ittrat"s the
margin orsa"-, Huwtuq, ;ht teRupls. Tory of the fan and tranapai of nterrurr as will as dtr
gm rratim of mi thyhnercm? auntribute signifivantly to the mxantaimy of the TMDL. Although
the -ate' quality swnJard w5d TS1D1, :uc wtiltor in terms u(hsal meter)_ tfm ultitnnle gaol is
the reduction of mercury in fish. Meth+utterer}' lerels are more significant to mtrctuy
twncenu anon, in [ash. Tdrally, a ratio cf total rnercury to m rt*lniereuncould W used u u
basis for the mar}dn of sateiy. However, in the absence of sack a ratio, an une:riainrr factor of
ID wen applied o shy aumuxr 7Q10 wmca2unlnrna m drretcp Wr T>iDL Thr use of this
alK[Winh factor [rTWIS its a margin of safety'aH''tU percent.
There are ram -data gaps asaxiaied with meravy in the Uunber RIPCT Basin, thus a simplified
method oflacnnthing the TMDLs as used. The DWQ will update the TMDL-hell better
iafa'nutien is available. There is an inherent margin of safety in using n phi, d algxonch. A
sebeduk-outlining Laski la the second phase otthe TMDL is included in Ap}xndix E.
.e1,9 W,NMMy rcerrwn. ro t,,,aar.na w,h.,,,.. N.n«,
an,.I•.e na.nm,
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to TA.WFa..a YAfrTo dNit,.ry..nan .�,.. tNr u„bn.
ram

SUMMARY
A basinwidc fish Colsanpttm ad+isorywu iuucd in 11LN1 niter mean crncenvations of reercm-
in lKS;n All hats nrtd huwlia front niultipla k orirnis +rise gcnanlly grater than the Fend and
Drug Administration (FDA)nralh Canalina fiction Ic zl f nic— of I nnvAj, The flsh
consumption advisories are die problem that necessitated placing +t itcrs an North Carolina's
W(d) list.
In Phase I of tic T,NIDL documem, a dilution equation (i c„ mass balance) was used to determine
the maumum tillowable Wads fa enth w'tter ptr}v. Based(st these TMDLs, olloeatinss were
mauls to NPDES and aunospheric 3t'lxuifiun!nunlnim s,wt:rs Generally, NPDES di"agers
will trot be allonxd m increase the maroon' pint m she saaem. The rnejarin' of she allocation
was bt+rn fir awrnva(thoic dcpwaanmrnunpK+int g� rc E xn with the reatrrctivns sn NPDES
Paw samces and atmnophcrir emission sowees, mercury lads is Lumber and Wacevnaw-
Ri,p fish me,1,A liLxip to change aPynxcidbl}'u,n the ntst s ,cral )run. A signifr,'ant annaurt
of mrreay is likel3 protean in aedimrnt and suits in the Lsnober and Wac arm^ River Basins.
Pr'uviding o Ccadinnnd wur Y of mercury to the ,yaten rvivarn and frah- Thui. n$er aallcaal and
international reductions in maCwy emissions hnve tarn reali�.W. mean mercury Inyels in fish
tissue may (aka man.'stibseefdrnl years W fall belowthe FDAINC criteria. Monito'ing of the
Wales column dad ii,h tissue will continuo to be 1-foill—I lu yuwiti(y icducdons ❑f mel'cday in
the aquatic aniramient. F. 11'oris should be made to educate the public in and around the Lwnber
and Wa—intuu' lb- wau-iiheds with regafda to many) Pal ludon.
The Phase I TXlr)1, t,as publicly noticed „kh the Limber Ricer Rvsin Pinn in Earle )Volk
Continents were accepted ne'll %larch of 14". Capin ofthc uoiice and commatta recanted nee
pro,ided ha Appesediv D Phase II offhe MUM, W ill Lumporatc regional our qualify molding
rvmRs horn EPA 011icc of Air Quality Planning and 2landards and provide a more derailed
mercury cyrktug nudd for a portion of the Woo ammo Riy %vanished. Plastic II of the TMDL
rill also include implerncnnatico pr Anis f6r ailllmicire mid XPDF5 nrerclify r eadelians, as
described in Apprnda E.
Prue 39
South Cmolicia Dep.ruuent of Health and Emirionment:d Cunnvl ISCOHEC). 1999. Pel'acnal
eoauntaicaiiou with Scott Reynolds, Bureau of Air. !,epien,W 29, li)9!7
LI, S. EnvirortrnartSl Protection Agency (EPAi. 1985. Ambienl Watci Qua1'1ty Criteria to,
%lei cut}'- 1994. EPA 44(1544.026
U.S. Entimunrntal Protection Agaicy (EPA). 117)1, Cmidanice for Water oualky-Rased
Deeisiats: The TMDi. Process. Assessinent and Watershed Protection Dititlott, Washington,
DC
U.SErnircnancstnalPmeaionAllmy(EPA) 19".0.cpaaasitiatofAirPollntanlstothe rift?[
Wintts_ First Rep t m Crngress. EPA-453/R-93465. flay. Of cic of Aie Quality Planning
and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC
US Etnironmcntal Prurecliol Agency IEPAi- 1I✓ 5a Carnl Lakes IM1'ncr Chsality' lniliative
Criteria Dcxuments rot the Prceeelion of Wildlife. DDT l+lcrc,iry.',?,7,x-TCDD, PCBs, EPA
9:0•ll•!+S IniB, March. OiT," of Water, Wnshiuglon, D.C.
U„SEn%iramncntalProlcetitmAlcricy(EPA 1. 1995h Great Lakes Water Qualltylaitia6ic
Technical Support Document far the Procedure to Determine Bianccumulavon Factors. FPA-
83U-FY95-00. March. Office of Water, Washington, D,C.
U.S. Enire,mmrntal Pro[u:iuet AgetieyfEPAI. 1997a. 5lerctuy'Srud,'Rtponto Congress.
Vnlume I: E,ecah-c 5umman'. EPA•4521R-47-W Decemhv. OLTtt of Air Quality
Planning and Standards and Offtor of Research sad Dnxhrgincot, Reattach Triangle Park, KC
US.Eo,irtammen[alProtection Agency (EPA). 1997h mdcrcum'Stud.vReport toCongress.
%vlvmc Ill: Fate and 7ranapnr t ut hlnxwT-in the En itz rnncm. EPA-1331R-07.90. Ikrcmba
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and Office of Research and Dc,dg7meo+t,
Rcwxch Triangle Park, \(
U.S. Em'itamnrntal Protection Agaaq IEPA) 199g, I eliminan'Dia}xTsicrt I ltdcling
Aatdyzis of Local Mercm c aauccs in rile Luke Wursmuu+, Vicinity_ 4!]i,t u!'Air Quality
Planning and Standards Research Triangle Paris. N'C,
U.S Environmental Prolmnon Agcncr, Federal Ad,iwry Commitlee IPACA J. 19118. grail fill.'
TMUL Frdctai .Adrisory Committee Rl ptut- 4r14i99
US- Geological Sunxv f USGSl. 10* Water Resources Data for Nash Cardi»a. Water l-rar
IW. Volane L Surface Water Records. Repot NC-46-1
U.S- Gtological Stir,xy' (USGS1. lY'ra. Personal earimwacattoa tilt Curds tvwtxr, VSGS,
February IS. 1998_
REFERENCES
Adriatic. D. 1997. Trace elements in die terrestrial anirannetu. Springir•Verlag, Nut }'ak
Bjomhcrg. A., L. H,tkansal, mild K LuncINTgh, 11+98. A Therm at the Mechanisms Regulating
Ure Bia9vadabihu of Mcscurg in hnunal R'atcrs- Enviromnanal Pdkstian 49,52.6]
Akt>tzn,1\., Raua�, C., and J, Hurley. lygl. hnpractof Aridificasim ofNt 5kth}imereuun'
Cycle tit Reuse Seepage Lakes, Water. Air, and Sail Pollulica 56:477.4A
Eider, R 19117. Morcum-Ilrvsrds In Nall, Wildlife, and In,icnchrares: A Symnptie Re,iew.
kLS. Dg=1num[ ofdm Interim, Fish and Wildlilc Service. Biological Itur t 950.101- 9U pp.
Grhttraa, (.. 1995. Mercury Nethlahon in Fresh Walers. Nuirnal !'anal un Mereun' in Fish:
Proeeodirtgs USEPAOIhecol'Witw. EPA823-R-002. June
Hudson, R J., S. Gherini, C. Wistras, and D Pcreella. 199a. Modeling the Biogtoehemical
Cycic of M11acar,' in Laken: The Mercury' Cycling Model (MCM) and its Appl icminn In the MTL
Study Lakes In AAmin. Pollarlom Mregmrion nmfSinrhrsrs_ Wants, s, C. and Haekel+ee, J„
Eels., Le,is Publishers, Chelsea, MI
Lindberg, S.E., W' Suaaon, H. Zhang, and K Rey'. 0909. Prclimimm� Data Summon Report,
FEUDS 99R'inter Caalpaiim (Flaidn EvergWdts Dan Drpnsitinn Sludvl. Summer. dr ORNL
Fitkl Studies in Coflatwasioa with USiAQL, Florida DSP, and L-,SEPA. Ook Ridge 14miaeal
Laboratm
Liadgtim, 0.- K. Jtlumssoa, M. Aaautgn, A. Andenssrb. L Ihingriul - G, 1(o,sain. L-
Hdkamsun, A- Isrr%IlL M. Mrili. mod B T'hnm. 1991. Nlavcury in the Swv6sh En,iranment —
l"cin resrareh on mouses. calaeyurncrs and coirecu T nutttds. Wdler, Air, & Sell Pollution.
SS_i•2al
Stills. W. D. Poerclhs, M.J. Ungs. S. Ghn'inl. K. Slmimels. L, 61ok, G_ Rupp, and 0. E1ouie,
1985, Warcr Quality Aslea5nlnlL A Screoviag Procedure for Tome and Conventional Pollutants
ill Surfaceand Gourd Willer, Parl I. F,PA (OV6-85,0,11a. Septcn Ivr. U.S. Eueironlucutat
Protection Agency, Kin iratme ial Research Laboralor,. Athens, GA
Slayton Carding Dnisian of F,nviramienml htanscastat[ fNCQF.,M1fI. 19. Q. As Asstastntat of
Nic-n' in q.6, Caenfina. Prepared ter' the Water Qmbh Section.
Ns>A Caadiva Qc(Aliereia of enirmmerst Health, and Naaaal Roos rm (NMEMNIR)
JW4. Lumber Ri,v B.ssinuidt Walla Qrralin' Flanngcmeat Plan. Pre}tared M-the Di,irirn r>f
En,ironmental 161magemen4 Wow Qrtdih'Stxtittn.
Rule, LH. and M.S. h,ashchen.Lo, IV-- . Mernsrv, Cmctrivmoms in Suitt Adja n, too Fanner
Chlor•Alkoli Plat J. En,ircmQua] 27AI.37
nape so
Winfrr}. M ,m1 J. RrrJd. 1991J. Reties; Fnyiionnucntal Factors Aticciing the Fonmadoo of
Mclhy'lrrl in Loa pH Lakes. Emiron Tv,ic. and Chem.9,S3y469
Vliotir, E J, D.B. Ponce11ri-tnd J.SlBenoit, 1993, M1ta Cinm Cycling and EBirts ill Frashys'mer
Wetland EeosystCms. Environmental To,lcologyaud Chcntistm. ll(12122a5.2264
Page u I
Wtc42

INTRODUCTION
Eleven waters from the Lumber River basin appear on the 1998 303(d) list for fish consumption
advisories due to mercury contamination. Table 1 lists waters in the Lumber River Basin that
have fish consumption advisories and appear on the 303(d) list. This document describes the
sources of mercury in the Lumber River basin and development of mercury total maximum daily
loads for those waters listed in Table 1. The ultimate objective of this study, and future studies
or management plans regarding mercury in the coastal plain, is to reduce fish tissue levels of
mercury and remove fish consumption advisories. Recommendations on how to reduce mercury
pollution in surface waters are provided at the end of the document.
Table 1. Lumber River Basin 303(d) Listed Waters due to
Mercury Contamination
Watershed Name of stream or lake
Subbasin
Lumber River Drowning Creek
030750
Lumber River
030751
Big Swamp
030753
Porter Swamp
030751
Ashpole Swamp
030754
Pages Lake
030750
Pit Lake (Pit Links Lake)
030750
Watson Lake
030750
Waccamaw River Waccamaw River
030756, 030757
Big Creek
030756
White Marsh
030758
303(d)/Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs�
Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires states to develop a list of waters not
meeting water quality standards or which have impaired uses. This list is submitted biennially to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for review. The 303(d) process requires that a
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) be developed for each of the listed waters, where
technically feasible. EPA characterizes the TMDL as the sum of the wasteload allocation
(WLA), load allocation (LA), and a margin of safety (MOS), or
TMDL = sonA, LA, MOs).
The wasteload allocation portion of the TMDL accounts for the loads allotted to existing and
future point sources. Similarly, the load allocation portion of the TMDL accounts for the loads
allotted to existing and future nonpoint sources and natural background. The margin of safety
addresses uncertainties in the data collection and modeling techniques (FACA 1998). The
objective of a TMDL is to allocate allowable pollutant loads to known sources so that actions
may be taken to restore the water to its intended uses (EPA 1991). Generally, the four primary
components of a TMDL, as identified by EPA (1991) and the Federal Advisory Committee
(FACA 1998) are as follows:
page I

Figure 8. NPDES Discharges in the Waccamaw River Basin
County bdry
Subbasin bdry
USGS gage
• NPDES discharge
Ambient site
Major hydrography
Hydrography
Municipality
S

POTENTIAL SOURC1wS OF MERCURY
Natural Sources of Mercury
The same amount of mercury has existed on the planet since the earth was formed (EPA 1997a).
As a naturally occurring element, mercury is present throughout the environment, including the
atmosphere, terrestrial environment, groundwater, and biota. Historically, mercury cycling in the
atmosphere is believed to have been due to weathering and volcanic activities (NCDEM 1982).
Mercury can naturally enter streams when scouring occurs over mercury deposits; mercury
retained in the water column can be in dissolved or particulate form (NCDEM 1982).
Substantial uncertainties remain concerning the level of natural movement of mercury in the
environment. Studies continue to be conducted which estimate the natural fluxes of mercury to
and from the atmosphere, and terrestrial and aquatic environments (EPA 1997b).
AnthropoQenic Sources of Mercury
Mercury is a unique pollutant in that significant sources to surface waters can be either direct
discharges to the aquatic environment or indirect discharges that move through another media
(e.g.. soil or air) before reaching the water column. Mercury can be emitted to air liom industrial
activities; once in the ambient air, mercury can be deposited back to the ground or to surface
waters. This process, referred to as atmospheric deposition, has been found to be a significant
source of aquatic mercury (Lindgvist et al. 1992, EPA 1994, 1997a,b). Thus, potential aquatic
and atmospheric sources of mercury to the Lumber and Waccamaw River watersheds will be
discussed.
Aquatic Sources. There are 39 permitted point source discharges in the Lumber and Waccamaw
River Watersheds. Of these, 15 discharge 100% domestic wastewater, and 8 discharge industrial
wastewater. Fourteen of these facilities are permitted to discharge at least 0.5 million gallons per
day (MGD). A list of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)_point
source discharges is shown in Table 3, by watershed. The locations of point sources are shown
in Figures 7 and 8. Permit numbers associated with each point source are shown in Appendix A.
Four NPDES point source dischargers in the Lumber River Watershed, and one in the
Waccamaw River Watershed, analyze effluent for mercury, as noted in Table 3. These facilities
are Moore County WWTP (MOWASA), Laurin burg-Maxton Airport Commission (LMAC),
Lumberton WWTP, Red Springs WWTP, and Whiteville WWTP. Of these five facilities, Moore
County and Lumberton WWTPs did not detect mercury in effluent samples collccted in 1996 and
1997. LMAC, Red Springs WWTP, and Whiteville WWTP did detect mercury in the effluent
during this time period. Only Whiteville WWTP has a limit for mercury in effluent stated in the
NPDES permit. Whiteville WWTP has a mercury limit of 0.03 µg/L prior to expansion above
2.5 MGD, and 0.02 pg/L after expansion. A summary of mercury concentrations in effluent
from these facilities is presented in Table 4.
1 The Whiteville WWTP has conducted extensive studies to reduce the mercury levels in
effluent. Since beginning these studies, the frequency of mercury detection in effleunt samples
has fallen from 60 percent in 1996 (n=57) to 22 percent in 1998 (n=64),
page 14

Table 3. NPDES Point Source Dischargers in the Lumber/Waccamaw River
Permitted discharge
Watershed Subbasin
Facility
Location
MGD
Lumber 030750
Samarkand Manor
Drowning Creek
0.04
Southern Pines WTP
Aberdeen Creek
0
Moore County WWTP (a)
Aberdeen Creek
6.70
Camp Mackall (Army)
Drowning Creek
0.02
030751
DOC-McCain Hospital
UT Mountain Creek
0.2
Westpoint Stevens
Lumber River
4.5
Robeson County WTP
Lumber River
0.2
Pembroke WWTP
Lumber River
1.330
Robeson Co Sch-Deep Br
Lumber River
0.004
Robeson County WWTP
UT Lumber River
0
Alamae Knit Fabrics
Lumber River
2.560
Lumberton WWTP (a)
Lumber River
10.000
Buckeye Lumberton, Inc.
Lumber River
1.800
CP&L Weatherspoon SE
Lumber River
Variable
Robeson Co Sch — Orrum High Sch
Flowers Swamp
0.006
Fair Bluff WWTP
UT Lumber River
0.180
030752
Red Springs WWTP (a)
Little Raft Swamp
2.500
Laurinburg City-Maxton Airport
Lumber River
1.0
(a)
030753
Bladenboro WWTP
Bryant Swamp
0.500
St. Pauls WWTP
Big Marsh Swamp
0.500
Parkton WWTP
Dunns Marsh
0.200
Robeson Co. Lumber Br
Big March Swamp
0
Croft Metals, Inc.
Big Marsh Swamp
0.095
Hoke Co. RWS/Antioch
Raft Swamp
No limit
Hoke Co RWS/Arabia
Little Marsh Swamp
No limit
030754
Fairmont WWTP
Pittman Mill Branch
0.500
Waccamaw 030756
Council Tool Company
Ur to Lake Waccamaw
0.020
Lake Waccamaw WWTP
UT to Bogue Swamp
0.400
Tabor City WWTP
Town Canal
1.100
030757
Columbus Co Schools -Old Dock
UT to Gum Swamp Run
0.005
Elem
Brunswick Co BOE-Waccamaw
UT Bear Branch
0.0057
Elem
Carolina Blythe Utility+ Co
UT to Persimmon Swamp
0.53
030758
Whiteville WWTP (a-)
White Marsh
3.0
Chadbourn WWTP
Soules Swamp
0.820
Georgia Pacific
.Juniper Creek
0
Clarkton WWTP
grown Marsh Swamp
0.240
Georgia Pacific Whiteville
Soules Swamp
No limit
(a) Facility is in the pretreatment program and regularly monitors for mercury in the effluent. Monitoring may be
either quarterly (denoted by
a') or at least monthly denoted by
a' .
page 15

Other sources. Mercury from the atmosphere may deposit on land or surface water. Thus, all
surface waters will receive mercury directly from the atmosphere. A secondary source of
mercury to surface waters comes from soil within the watershed. Mercury is naturally present in
soils. Adriano (1987 as cited in Rule and Iwashchenko 1998) reported an arithmetic mean
mercury concentration in soil of 0.112 mg/kg (912 samples), with geometric mean of 0.071
mg/kg. However, mercury concentrations in soil increase in response to mercury depositing
from the atmosphere. For example, Rule and Iwashchenko (1998) reported significantly elevated
levels of mercury, up to an order of magnitude higher than background, in surface soils within
two kilometers of a former chloralkali plant in Virginia. Mercury deposited on surface soil, as
well as mercury naturally present in soil, may be resuspended in runoff and transported to lakes
and rivers. This indirect source of mercury may persist after atmospheric deposition of mercury
is reduced.
Ouantification of Mercury Sources
NPDES and atmospheric releases of mercury have been identified for the Lumber and
Waccamaw River Watersheds. Ultimately, the total mercury load from each of these types of
sources will be required to determine the best course of action to reduce mercury in the aquatic
environment. For this analysis, the total load includes mercury from NPDES point sources,
direct atmospheric deposition, and indirect mercury in overland runoff. Mercury from natural
sources and urban stormwater was not estimated. This analysis is intended to demonstrate the
relative magnitude of mercury that may reach the surface water. The results of this analysis will
not be used to determine the load allocation portion of the TMDL.
The Waccamaw River Watershed was selected for the examination of total mercury loads
because the atmospheric monitor is located within this basin at Waccamaw State Park. Two
locations in the watershed were used to sum loads across media. The Lumber River was not
included in this analysis because of the distance to the atmospheric monitor and the lack of
NPDES effluent mercury data. These are White Marsh at US74/76 and Waccamaw River at
Freeland. In Figure 8, the Waccamaw River at Freeland is the most upstream ambient site in the
Waccamaw River, White Marsh enters the Waccamaw River from the northwest, upstream of
the station at Freeland. Air quality is highly variable, even within a few kilometers, so
application of the air concentrations and wet deposition loads from Waccamaw State Park to
areas even 5 kilometers from the park introduces a great deal of uncertainty. In fact, the air
quality can vary greatly even within a small river watershed, such as the Waccamaw River Basin
within North Carolina. However, in the absence of additional data, mercury deposition data at
Waccamaw State Park were applied to the entire Waccamaw River Basin. The following
sections describe the calculation of loads for each source type.
NPDES Sources. The total annual load from point sources was determined for the only facility
with an NPDES permit and mercury data in the Waccamaw River Basin, the Whiteville WWTP.
Using 1996 and 1997 data from the discharge monitoring report (DMR), an average annual load
of mercury was calculated for the facility. The average load of 500 g/year was calculated using
one-half of the detection limit for non -detected concentrations. A summary of the DMR data are
presented in Appendix B.
page 27

SUMMARY
A basinwide fish consumption advisory was issued in 1994 after mean concentrations of mercury
in largemouth bass and bowfin from multiple locations were generally greater than the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA)/North Carolina action level for mercury of I mg/kg. The fish
consumption advisories are the problem that necessitated placing waters on North Carolina's
303(d) list.
In Phase I of the TMDL document, a dilution equation (i.e., mass balance) was used to determine
the maximum allowable loads for each water body. Based on these TMDLs, allocations were
made to NPDES and atmospheric deposition/nonpoint sources. Generally, NPDES dischargers
will not be allowed to increase the mercury pool to the system. The majority of the allocation
was given to atmospheric deposition/nonpoint sources. Even with the restrictions on NPDES
point sources and atmospheric emission sources, mercury levels in Lumber and Waccamaw
River fish are not likely to change appreciably over the next several years. A significant amount
of mercury is likely present in sediment and soils in the Lumber and Waccamaw River Basins,
providing a continued source of mercury to the water column and fish. Thus, after national and
international reductions in mercury emissions have been realized, mean mercury levels in fish
tissue may take many subsequent years to fall below the FDA/NC criteria. Monitoring of the
water column and fish tissue will continue to be performed to quantify reductions of mercury in
the aquatic environment. Efforts should be made to educate the public in and around the Lumber
and Waccamaw River watersheds with regards to mercury pollution.
The Phase I TMDL was publicly noticed with the Lumber River Basin Plan in Early 1999.
Comments were accepted until March of 1999. Copies of the notice and comments received are
provided in Appendix D. Phase II of the TMDL will incorporate regional air quality modeling
results from EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and provide a more detailed
mercury cycling model for a portion of the Waccamaw River Watershed. Phase II of the TMDL
will also include implementation programs for atmospheric and NPDES mercury reductions, as
described in Appendix E.
page 39

Table 4. Summary of 1996-1997 mercury concentrations in effluent, Lumber and Waccamaw
River Dischargers (concentrations in pg/L)
Figure
Frequency of
Detection
Average
Range of detected
ID
Facility Permit No.
detection (a)
limit
concentration b
concentrations
101
Lauri nburg-Maxton
1 /7
0.2
0.2
0.6
Airport [NC0044725)
102
Lumberton WWTP
0 /8
0.2
-
-
[NC0024571 ]
103
Moore County WWTP
0 /14
0.2
-
[NC0037508]
104
Red Springs
10 /41
0.2
0.1
0.2 — 0.8
[NC0025577]
105
Whiteville WWTP
56/107
0.2
0.3
0.2 — 1.4
rNC00219201
(a) The number of samples in which mercury was detected over the number of samples analyzed.
(b) Mean mercury concentration calculated using all detected concentrations and one-half of the detection
limit for samples below detection limits.
Other facilities do not regularly analyze effluent for mercury. Intermittent releases of mercury
can occur from large wastewater treatment plants in response to the discharges received from
medical or industrial connections. Several other smaller discharges in the Lumber River
Watershed may potentially contain mercury, including hospitals and metal finishing industries.
Even if these facilities do release mercury to surface waters, NPDES point sources are not
believed to be the most significant source of mercury to surface waters in the Lumber or
Waccamaw River Watersheds. For example, elevated mercury levels have been found in fish
where there are no upstream NPDES point sources of mercury. Therefore, NPDES point sources
cannot be the only source of mercury.
Atmospheric Sources. Recent scientific studies have indicated that significant aquatic loads of
hydrophobic organic chemicals (e.g., dioxins, PCBs), mercury, and nitrogen come from the
atmosphere (Lindgvist et al. I991, EPA 1994, 1997a,b). Atmospheric deposition occurs when
pollutants are carried from the air to either the land or water. This deposition may be enhanced
by precipitation in the form of falling rain or snow. Worldwide mercury emissions to the
atmosphere have increased since the beginning of the industrial age. After the initial local
deposition of mercury that occurs near a point source, the remaining mercury enters the global
air current and may be transported great distances across countries and over oceans (EPA
1997a).
In EPA's Mercury Study Report to Congress (EPA 1997a,b), both regional and local
atmospheric modeling was performed to estimate the average annual atmospheric deposition of
mercury. Regional models consider pollutants that may be transported over long distances.
Local models consider only the area around specific stack emissions. For the North Carolina
coastal area, the regional model estimated that average annual total mercury deposition ranged
from 10 to 30 ug/m2. Local modeling did not focus on a specific facility, but rather was
performed on hypothetical mercury emissions sources in the eastern and western US. For the
eastern US, this local scale modeling predicted that 7 to 45% of locally emitted total mercury
page 18

Figure 3. Waccamaw River Watershed, NC
[
County bndry
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Subbasin bndry
f
Ambient site
Major hydrography
Hydrography
Municipalities

The Whitemarsh Wastewater Treatment Plant processes water from Whiteville's Sewer
Collection System and discharges it thru pipe 001 into the Whitemarsh Swamp.
Sludge in stored in sludge holding tanks and hauled out for land application.
Chlorine gas and Sulfur Dioxide arc kept on site and used in the process at the WWTP.
A 6,500 gallon Sodium Flypochlorite (Bleach) bulk storage tank is on site. Bleach is
used in the water system and soon to be used here at the WWI'P. Storage tank is inside
its own containment tank.
The canal to the west side of the WWTP flows to the Whitemarsh Swamp behind the
Plant. The heavy red marks on the map shows depressions that run the rainwater off to
the canal or swamp and the area to the east of the Operations Bldg. & clarifiers has storm
drains going to the whitemarsh swamp on the east side. Rain water is the only flow to
the swamp other than the Effluent discharge at pipe 001.

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Quality Map Of
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Including: Bolton, Brunswick, Cerro Gordo,
Chadbourn, Fair Bluff, Lake Waccamaw,
Whiteville and Tabor City
LEGEND
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51,:W I I & AUAM'
"Imagine What's Next"
Madison St, Whileville, NC 28472
Serving the areas of Whiteville/Chadboum, Brunswick
4>42.2109 FAX: [phone]
and some areas of Columbus County.
ersonal Tax Preparation - Bookkeeping &
Time Warner Cable's commitment is to deliver the
Vrite-Up Work - Income Tax Planning
highest quality entertainment, news and information
�inancial Planning -Auditing - Financial
24 hours a day.
ant Preparation • In -House Payroll
New fiber optic technology currently has been
Other Accounting & Tax Services
deployed throughout our service areas.
Bryon Scott. C.PA.
Man ill Thompson, C.P.A.
Gregory Adams, C.P.A.
Loma O- Greene, C.P.A.
W. A. Wayne, C.P.A.
_
•
Ed Cline, C.P.A.
Kristie Sanders, C.P.A.
KALEIDOSCOPE KIDZ
rig The Area For Over 45 Years"
18M Prison Camp Rd., Whiteville. NC 28472
910.640-2544
Providing quality child care for infants
through 12 years.
Pre-K Programs - Before & After School
y •.. Featuring:
Carpet, tile, ceramic, wood & vinyl Root covering.
Open:
Mon. -Fri. 8am-5:30pm
Sat gam-lpm
PLEASE SEE OUR BACK COVER
FOR MORE INFORMATION.
Toll Free Tech SupportV24 hours
7 days a week.
Please use this number for connection and/or
e-mail issues only: 1-877-269.8326
www.hArstannet
Local Internet Provider
• DSL for Business & Residential
• -
. - • TTL
y�
CLAYBOURN WALTERS
NCEZ.NET
COMPANY
110 E. Main St. Whiteville, NC 28472
16003 N.C. Hwy. 130 E., Fairmont, NC 28340
910.6403377
ww
910-628 7075
Internet service icier forarea.
provider for the
www.ctaybourivalters.com
Orhitevillz
Free techn7cal support.
tech
A full service company providing a full array of forestry
& brokerage services to landowners & land managers
open.
— - - — -,.
Ooen:
Mon. -Fri. 8:30am5:30pm
Sat. 8:30am-12:30pm
CURVES
1424 J.K. Powell Blvd., Suite E, Whiteville, NC 28472
910-642$900
Open 8:30am-1 pm & 3:3opm-7pm
Full Body Workout
Joe s Banquet & Catering Service:
500 Green Hill Dr., Whiteviile, NG
910- 42-2025
Barbecue • Catering
- Banquet Center for Large Groups
Call for complete defailsf
WASTE MANAGEMENT
107 Landfill Rd., Whiteville, NC 28472
910-642-0741 FAX:910HI42.5352
Refuse collection of residential, industrial and
commercial waste throughout Columbus County.
We can handle whatever waste collection
problem you may have.
P f f
Please rail for complete details.
OwherlDirector:Natalie Morris
Founded in 195081orated €n Fairmont. INC, CIaylloum
Mpn: Sat. Sam-8pm
Proud supporter of the GreaterWhileviNe
R. DAWN NOBLES M.Q.
roud supporter o. the Grea sr Whhevdle
Chamber of Commerce.
Assistant Director. Marie Ward
Wafters Company Specializes in forest products 8
day Poky p�
Chamber of Commerce.
NOBLE$EYEASSOCIATES
_ _ _
foresUand brokerage as well as forest management &
o,e ep:..,. , o . ,tin,h�..;ge MC 2E472
V V
' -
high quality harvesting.
910f42A850
3CREST APARTMENTS
GenerallRouiine Eye Exams
rrbcrestAve., WhBeviite, NC 28472
• - - . / -
-
Small Incision Cataract Surgery • Diabetic Eye Disease
SCHOOLS
9Ave., 5782
SERVICES
- Glaucoma & Retinal Diseases, Including laser
Three Bedrooms • Garden Apartments.
COLUMBUS FAMILY
WHITEVILLE NC INTERNET
Treatment
CENTRAL MIDDLE SCHOOL
rouses •Houses • Swimming Pool
lousesOIL
CHIROPRACTIC CENTER
ADVERTISING!
ice Hours fbv Al2 intment}:
Mon. -Thum.
310 S. Martin Luther King, Jr. Ave
• Tennis •Basketball Court
Call for Complete Details.
5754 Chadboum Hwy., Chadhoum, NC 28431
& GAS COMPANY
WllitevilleNt:ws.com
Fri. Sam -Noon.
-Noon.
Whiteville, NC 28472
910-0423546
970.654-3561
1476 South J.K. Powell Blvd., Whiteville, NC 28472
910-641-0858
-See your Eye MD... because there's
"Explore New Horizons"
DR. WIWAM PREASE
Experienced in auto, sports & work injuries.
910.642-7106
Gasoline • Diesel Fuel • LP Gas • Lubricants
www.whitevillencintemet.com
so much more M see."
Proud supporter of the Greater Whiteville
If yours is a chiropractic problem, we'll tell you.
• Gas Appliances - Automotive • Truck
www.whitev€Ilenews.com
Chamber of Commerce.
tf not, we'll tell you that too.
- Industrial • Oils & Greases
Sites dedicated to local news, inforrrauon
Hwy 74 Business East - 1 mile west of
& advertising to reach the local, regional
Southeastern Community College.
& world marketplace.
•
-
CON HILL APARTMENTS
. Madison, Whiteville, NC 28472
f ' - / D.C.•
ME HEALTH .
910-042.8883
,ore apartments, for persons aged 55
WEBSTER CHIROPRACTIC
COLUMBUS COUNTY HEALTH
and over, based on income.
WELLNESS CENTER
DEPARTMENTICOLUMBUS
l sent • Wall to Wall Carpet • Building &
� 9
620 s. Madison St., Whiteville. NC 28472
COUNTY HOME HEALTH
aintained by Maintenance Department
910.642-2481
706 N. Thompson St., Whiteville. NC 28472
-acilities On Site • Polluck Luncheons
Emergency: 910-642-0289
910.W-6614
I Study & Sunday School On Site - Equal
finespine&arthlink.net
Services for home health include nursing.
Opportunity • Section 8 Assistance -
www.wobsterGhiropractic.com
physical, speech & occupational therapy.
Handicapped Accessible
Experienced in helping people with headaches, neck
Health Department includes a pediatric clinic, weight
pain, back pain, car accidents, workers' comp, health
program, health promotion, dental services, women's
and wellness, eta There is no one toa young or too old
health, environmental health & bioterorism programs,
to benefit from chiropractic care- If chiropractic can't
cure you, in most rases it can certainly make you more
/ f /
COLUMBUS CENTER FOR
SCH• •
ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY &
NORTH WHITEVILLE ACADEMY
SPORTS MEDICINE
2322 James White Hwy. Whiteville, NC 28472
COLLIER'S JEWELERS
800 Jefferson SL, Suite 16, Whileville, NC 28472
910-914-4161
blip:is
717 S. Madison St., Whiteville, NC 28472
910-640-1763
Our mission, 10 provide students with
to providestudent' an
910-6423183
Specialized physicians & surgeons offering advanced
to
program designed to facilitateth academic,
in o designed e
Full Service, Manufacturing Jeweler Goldsmith
techniques forjoints, spine, back, foot, ankle, fractures
mots nail. s
emotional. social & physical growth with the ultimate
• Watch Repair • Custom Jeweler • Member American
& sports medicine.
goal of becoming fully functioning members of a diverse
Gem Serially • Registered Jeweler
society
• Lloyd (Fetid) Collier -Bridal $Gift Shop
- Exclusive Member National Bridal Service
Serving Whiteville area for 70 years.
comfortable and provide relief. _
Dr. Jahn A. Webster •
BEAT BEGINNINGS
Aadison St_, Whileville, NC 28472
•
970line
GOODY'S FAMILY CLOTHING
of
tying a full line of name brand
natemity & children s wear.
322 Columbus Comers Dr. S., Whiteville, INC 28472
Opel,-
910-640-1521
Mon. -Fri. 10am-5:30pm
www.goodysonline.com
SaL 10am-3pm
Clothing for misses, juniors. girls, boys, men
& young men, shoes. accessories, Infants &
toddlers & formal wear.
Gift cards available.
f PREMIERE MANAGEMENT
NEW DIRECTIONS HOME HEALTH 1Do7 M J,K. Powell Blvd., whitaville, NC 23472
134 Memory Plaza, Whiteville. NC 28472 9103403111
910-640-3711 Management company for Holiday Inn Express &
Home Health - Mental Health Services Best Western Premiere-Whitevdle.
• HIV Case Management • Personal Care Services
- CAP/MRDD Program
Call for complete details.
EVERGREEN HEALTH SERVICES!
CREDIT UNIONS
BEHAVIORAL MANAGEMENT
STATE EMPLOYEES'
1409 Pinckney St., Whiteville, NC 28472
BB&T
CREDIT UNION
910-641-0BDO
Nis want your business. Member FDIC.
1312 N. J.K. Powell Blvd., Hwy. 701 By Pass Whiteville,
Nurses -Aides - Medical Supply & Service • Physical
convenient locations to serve you
NC 28472
•Speech • Occupational Therapy •Psychiatrists &
Columbus Court includin Whiteville
County g'
Mental Health CounselingAvailable 24 Hours Dail
is), Tabor City, Chadboum, Fair Bluff,
ww.nc ocu.o
www.ncsocu.org
g
i
•Mental Health &Developmental Disability Counseling
ce Waccamaw & Riegelwood.
iiASE SEE OUR DISPLAY AD
Union is
State Employees' Credit Union is a mimes
OR MORE INFORMATION.
under t
non-profit financial cooperative that operates under the
'people helping people" philosophy. Asa non-profit
organization, all eamings go back to you in the form of
lower loan rates & higher deposit rates.
•
Call today for membership eligibility.
ADVANTAGE HOSPICE
Equal Housing Lender
VACCAMAW BANK
LOCATIONS IN:
OPENING DOORS PRESCHOOL
LLE, CHAOBOURN, TABOR CITY,
201 S. Lee St., Whiteville, NC 28472
LOTTE AND HOLDEN BEACH
91g$42-2 60
Locations & Information, Call
Child care for children age 6 weeks to 12 years.
910-641-00"
0 n:6:30am-i.30pm
reline: wwwmaccamawbank.com
A 4-Star Center"
Member FDIC
:ounty is Home to 53,000 People, But
Only One Bank"
613 S. Madison SL, Whiteville, NC 28472
910-642 2193
Hospice Home Care • Nursing Services
• Nurses Aides
Call for complete details.
HOLIDAY MOTEL
2119 James B. White Hwy N. Whiteville, NO 28472
910-642.5162
Restaurant on Property • Swimming Pool
- All Rooms have Refrigerators
We can accommodate any type of customers budget.
INTERKORDSA, INC.
222 Industrial Blvd. N., Whiteville, INC 28--72
910-642-3600
Manufacturer of Industrial Cord for the
Automotive Tire & other industries,
Proud supporter of the Greater Whiteville
Chamber of Commerce.
CODE MED. INC.
9717 Red Hill Rd_, Claddon, NC 28433
910-647-1060
www.codemL-dinc.com
Medical Coding • Electronic Billing Serv,oe
• 7 Years Hospital Experience
- College Certificate in CodingBilling
• Member of American Academy of
Professional Coders (AAPC)
HIPPA Compliant
MCR/MCD & Other Major Insurance Gempac,es
Call now for our low rates!!
COLUMBUS COUNTY MEDAC-EMS
205 W. Main St., Whiteville, NO 28472
910-M3049
Medical transportation for Whiteville
& Columbus County
DR. BRENT LAWSON
308 Liberty St., Whiteville, NC 28472
MOBILE HOMES
9i0-642- 004
General Dentistry
/
CLAYTON MOBILE HOMES
- f
QBice Hours:
Mon.-Thurs. cam-5pm
CONFLANDEY, INC.
1233 J.K. Powell Blvd., Whiteville. NC 28472
910- 41-0100
UNIQUE CUTS
3670 Chadboum Hwy., Whiteville, NC 28472
"We Build Dream Homes"
Specializing in:
910P641-0413
Hours:
s - Weaving - Braids • Penns - Nails
Galvanized Wire Manufacturer for the
Mon. -Fri. Sam-Bpm; Sat. gam-6pm
- Facials - Shaves • Eyebrow Arching
Jt / '
Stapler Industry.
Closed Sun.
So & Debby Shaw
BELKOFWHITEVILLE
Prvudsupporter of9--eGreater lNfite:^lie
Chamber ofCommerce -
Owners
56 Whites Crossing Shopping Center
Whiteville, INC 28472
:arberSalon: 910.642.5571
910.642ai179
eauty salon: 910-642-2MD
All For Youl
NORTH CAROLINA MUSEUM
For all your famous name fashions.
_
OF FORESTRY
C Powell Blvd., Whiteville, NC 2a472
Men's • Women's • Children's • Clothes
• shoes • Cosmetics & more!
INTERNATIONAL PAPER
415 S. Madison St, Whiteville, INC, 28472
865 John Riegel Rd., Riegelwood, NC 28456
910-914-4185
910-655.2211
Discover why North Carolinians are called Tar Heels -
Paper - Packaging • Forest Products
See giant wood slabs- Relax on the North Catalina
- •ics
ELEcfProud
• Pulp • Forest Resources
Tree Trail- Count the rings of a thousand year old tree.
supporter of the Greater Whiteville
The museum interprets the history & natum history of
RADIOSHACK OF WHITEVILLE -
Chamber Of Commerce
North Camena Forests through hands-on erchihits &
MIT
COX ELECTRONICS
Meducation
ti g spaceavailable ,
iE MADISON HOUSE
938 White's Crossing Plaza, Whiteville, NC 28472
Hours:
D &BREAKFAST INN
910-640-2321
-
Mon. -Fri. 9am-5pm
www.radioshack.com
/
Sat. ipm-4pm
Madison St., Whitevilla, NC 28472
You've Got questions. We've Got Answers.
Sun. 2pm-5pm
9to-W-2132
RadioShack is the nation's most trusted consumer
TOP TOBACCO LP
Admission FREE
[e-mail]
rk
electronics specialty retailer. We offer more name-
Top Tobacco Rd-, Lake Waccamaw, NC 28450
rhitevillene.comlmadisonhousel
brand products than ever before, and we've partnered
910-6463014 FAX: [phone]
southern hospitality and Victorian charm
with companies to provide the latest innovations in
Proud supporter of the Greater Whiteville
marnth and comfort of your granny's
electronics & communications, including wireless
Chamber of Commerce.
n escape from ordinary lodging to The
phones, direol-to-home satellite systems & home -
Madison House.
networking solutions.
you step upon the wrap -around veranda,
fire leaded, beveled glass front door and
iagnificent 6,700 square foot home, the
ds around you like a lace trimmed vefvel
blanket.
- •
ALLSTATE�
COLUMBUS COUNTY
1616 S. Madison St„ Suite D, Whiteville, NC 28472
JOBLINK CAREER CENTER
910.640-3989 FAX:[phone]
TOBYRUSS,AGENT
4564 Chadhoum Hwy., P.O- Box 151
You're In Good Hands
Whiteville. NC 28472
A Premier Service Agency
910-042-7t41, Ext. 261 FAX: [phone]
Customer Service 24 Hours A Day, 7 Days A Week
Located on the campus of Southeastern Community
-Auto • Home
/
College, the JobLlnk Career Center specializes In
- Life - Business
UNIT BUILDING SUPPLIES
career planning, training & placement services
including, but not limited to: Referral of qualified job
IF WHITEVILLE, INC.
applicants, a career resource Center for independent
c. Main SL. Whiteville, NG 28472
job search, short-term skills training, tong -term skill
910-642-0404
development, customized training for employers, labor
t'
COASTAL CAROLINA
ANESTHESIOLOGISTS, P.A.
clo Columbus County Hospital
500 Jefferson Street, Whiteviile, NC 28472
910.642-6427
Anesthesiologists for Columbus County Hospital:
Robin Dimitrious, M.D.
Fred Obrecht, M.D.
Fran D'Ercole, M.D.
CAROLINA RESPIRATORY
730 Davis Ave., Whiteville, NC 28472
910-640.1444
In -Home Respiratory Care • Durable Medical
Equipment
• Oxygen Concentrators • Portable Oxygen Tanks
- Bipap & Cpap Nebulizers • Respiratory Medicines
• Beds • Canes • Walkers - Bedside Toilets
RESTAURANTS
DALE'S SEAFOOD OF WHITEVILLE
107 S. Powell Blvd., Whiteville, NC 28472
910-642.5770
Seafood • Steaks • Fried Chicken • Sandwiches
- Barbeque • Cary Outs
HourlL
Mon.-Thurs.11am-gpm
Fri. & Sal. I I am-1 Opm
Closed On Sunday
Owners: Lois &Alan Gerald
"The Hospitality Restaurant"
KFC
701 By Pass. J.K. Powell Rd., Whiteville, NC
910-6423054
-We Do Chicken Right"
Proud supporter of the Greater Whiteville
Chamber of Commerce.
KONSTANTINOS RESTAURANT
22 McNeill Plaza, Whiteville, NC 28472
910-642.46"
HourE
Mon.-Thurs. ltam-gpnr Fri. 11am-Iii
Sat. 4pm-1opm; Sun. tram-10pm
Call for daily lunch & dinner specials.
MAMMA RITA'S RESTAURANT, INC.
117 Mill St., Whiteville, INC 28472
910-642.4121
Specializing in authentic Italian cuisine.
Homemade dough made fresh daily,
Stromboli • Sandwiches & Hoagles • Pizza
• Salads • Cavatim • Lasagna • Spaghetti
• Fettuccini • Beer •Wine
All major credit cards accepted.
Hours:
Mon., Tues., Wed. & Thurs. IIam-gpm
Fri. clam-10pm
Closed on Saturdays, Sundays & Holidays
SOUTHEASTERN
COMMUNITY COLLEGE
P.O. Box 151, Whiteville, NC 28472
910-642-7141 FAX:[phone]
Southeastern Community College is a public, two-year
comprehensive community college that provides
accessible educational, cultural & social opportunities
for area adults. SCC offers convenient day, evening &
weekend instruction as well as distance learning
opportunities to accommodate the various needs of the
students.
A wide range of continuing education courses are
offered on campus & at locations throughout Columbus
county. Help for small business owners as well as
training & retraining for the workforce is also available.
Call SCC today & let us help you reach your
educational & career goals!
SPAS & TANNING BODY BEAUTIFUL
•
125 Harris St., Whiteville, NC 28472
910.642-0677
Toning Tables • Exercise Machines & Equipment
• Tanning Booths - Body Wraps
Calf or come by for complete details.
.. •
Ii BLOCK®
22 Northfield Centre, Whiteville, NC 28472
910.642-4451 Toll Free: 1-800-MRSLOCK
www.hrblock.com
We simplify your financial world.
FAMILIES VALUES
727 S. Madison, Whiteville, NC 28472
910.642-6317
All Proceeds Benefit Families First, Inc.
Domestic Valance & Sexual Assault Programs
Donations Accepted during Business Hours
Great Values
Hours:
Mon. -Fri- 10am-5:30pm; Sat. 10am-2pm
COLUMBUS C.CUNTY
TOURISM BUREAU
104 E. Walter St., Whileville, NC 28472
910-W-2818 FAX:[phone]
Toll Free: 8003453419
I awctb(wre b I in k. n et
www.columbu$�ounty-nc.org
The Columbus County Tourism Bureau provides
information on the availability of high quality support
services, such as lodging, food, beverages,
transportation & shopping, promoting
Columbus County as a gateway &
destination to visitors.
Discover Columbus County"
BARRY"S TRUCK LINE
NEWSPAPERS
PIGFORD'5
346 Bill Hooks Rd., Whiteville, NC 28472
STAR -NEWS
103 S. Powell Blvd., Whiteville, NC 28472
910-642-4571
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1003 S. firth St, Wilmington, NC 2&Ml
Open for lunch & dinner
Barrys Truck Line, Inc. is a flatbed rucking company
910343 2000
Serving a full menu.
that specializes in professional & quality service. We
For information or to reserve advertising space,
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are a family owned & operated company involved in
call an advertising representative at
local & short haul transport. Our terminal is located 50
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miles west of Wilmington, NC. We are licensed in
To subscribe to the Star -News. cadt:
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina & Georgia.
940-343-2391 Toll Free: 800.222.23°'
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_ ES WTS'
Your leading source of lnformaoon.
TA A
PIZZA HUT
84-C Whites Crossing, Whiteville, INC 28472
91D-648.6996
UTILITYSEROCES
NURSERIESDine
.The Best Pizza's Under One Roof'
I
in • Carry Out- Delivery
BRUNSWICK ELECTRIC
COUNTRY NURSERY
1240 J.K. Powell Blvd., Whiteville, yC 28472
910-W-6660
Open 830am til Closing
inyl Flooring - Cabinets & Replacement
idows • Vinyl Siding & Paneling
me a informauon & lob placement assistance. Hours
of operation are Mon. -Wed. -Thum. & Fri, 8am-5pm;
COLUMBUS COUNTY
Full service nursery featuring perarima.s 3 aamais.
• Lumber & Hardware
Tues. Bam-8pm- Call JobLink Career Center today for
FARM BUREAU
garden supplies. shrubs, trees & vege,�n'e plants.
1 build decks 8 wood storage buildings.
all your employment & training needs.
113 W. Smith St.. Whiteville. NC 28472
910-042-8206
Membership has economic benefits' Ranging from
accident policies, credit card, telephone programs, theft
NURSING HOMES
I EYE CARE I
reward, eyewear, home, property, auto, life, annuities &
estate planning.
LIBERTY COMMONS NURSING
COLUMBUS EYE ASSOCIATES
& REHABILITATION CENTER OF
221 Jefferson St„ Whiteville, NC 28472
COLUMBUS COUNTY
• = •
910-642-2020 Toll Free: 800 280A412
ADELPHIA
Laser Refractive Surgery - Diseases of the Eye
1402 Pinckney St., Whiteville, NC 28472
• Retinal & Cataract Care - Computerized TestingINSURANCE
910-642-7139 FAX: [phone]
.. Wetter St, Whileville, NC 28472
•Over 3,000 Fashion &Budget frames In Stock
STATE FARM INSURANCE
www.libertyhcs.comllcwviller
910-W-2008
- Complete On -Site Lab • Invisible Bifocals
A 1075ed nursing tastily that provides 2e.-hour skirled
Best Choices! The Best Quality!
• Contact Lenses & Solutions • One Hour Service
Mary Bullard Williamson, Agent
& intermediate level ofcare to our res,cants. In
r Best Value! The Best Service!
Available • Prescriptions Filled
1011 N.J.K. Powell Blvd., Whiteville, NC 28472
addition, the facility also has a ccmp€eier, enclosed
have ape v dependable, le local service. da4 oca
Hours:
910.6123753 FAX: [phone]
Aizheimefs Special Care Unit in which we. provide for
Ne are in your neighborhood.
Mon. -Fri. 8:30am-5:30pm
Car • Home • Health • Life
dementia care for those residents acirnred to that
mething does need our attention,
PLEASE SEE OUR DISPLAY AO
• Medicare Supplement & Lang Term Care Insurance
section. The unit is secure with mag-lops & keypad
we'll be there for you!
FOR MORE INFORMATION.
"Like A Good Neighbor, State Farm Is There'
entries for safety, security & focuser_- care.
NOTES
SAN JOSE MEXICAN
RESTAURANT & CANTINA
1616-A S. Madison Sl-, Whileville, NC 28472
910-6 0-1451
Authentic Mexican Food
Try our quesadillas, chimichangas.
Eat In or Take Out
All ABC permits.
Family owned & operated,.
TACO BELL - FAMILY FOODS
White's Crossing, Whiteville, NC 28472
910-642-7161
Think Outside The Bun.
Proud supporter of the Greater Whiteville
Chamber of Commerce.
Pr f
..400(it
ARGET MARKETI
._ _ _ _
A-800-933-391
MEMBERSHIP CORPORATION
Offices in Shallotte. Whiteville
and Southport/Oak stand
Whiteville, 910-642-5011
Toll Free for All Locations: 800-842-5871
OUTAGE REPORTING: 800-6825309
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTERS with
special services & graduated rental space for
new & emerging businesses.
Whiteville BDC: 910.642-7054
Tabor City BDC: 910.663.5990
Winnabow BDC_ 910-253-3088
XTREME WIRELESS
310 Columbus Comer, Whitewde. NC 28472
910.6illi
Wireless communications rep for Atftell,
Sprint &Virgin Mobile.
Pagers • Beepers • Full Line of Accessories
Call for complete details.
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WHITEVILLE INDEX Landsdowne Rd. . . . . , H6 Pinckney St . . . , . . . E9 TW Ln
Ebony Ln . . . . . . . . G4 Lai St. . . . . . . . . A8 Pine Gv Rd . . . . . . . 05 Twin P
Acie Shipman Dr . . . . . C6 Edgewood Cir . . . . . .G10 Larrimore Dr , . . . . . . E5 Pine Log Rd . . . . . . 15,J1 Tyson'
Airport Rd . . . . . , . . Q7 Elizabeth St . . . . . . , B8 Lattimore Av G4 Pine St . . . . . . . . E9,09 _
Alligator Run , . . . . . . D10 Elm St , . . . . . . , . E9 Laurel St . , . . . . . . .18 Pine Way St . . , . . , , P8 Union 1
Amber Ln . . , , . , B1 ES Summersett Dr. . . . . L1 Lawrence Tedder Rd . . . . E1 Pinecroft Dr . . . ' . . ' P5 Union \
Anderson St . . . H10 Evergreen St . . . . . . , F11 Leach St. . . . . . . . . N9 Pineway Ln . . . . . . . 06 �
Andrew Jackson Hwy. . . . E8 Lealer Lynons Dr . . . . . G6 Pinewood Dr . . . . . . . H7
Anne St . . . . . . . . . K8 Fairfax Rd . . . , . . K8 Lee St . . . . . . . , F9,H9 Pleasant Hill Rd. . , . . . D8 V & B I
AO Inman Ln . . . . . . . A8 First Av . . . . . , F6 Legion Dr . . . . . . . . H6 Pleasant Plains Ch Rd . . . 06 Victori,
Autumn Tr1. . . . . . . . E11 Fisher Dr . . . . . . . . D4 Lennon St . . . . . . . . E10 Poplar St . . . . . , . . P9 Villa Dr Flitter Hill Rd . . . . . H11 Leslie Newsome Av . . . . L7 Powell Acres Dr . . . . . , C1 Vine St
en Flowers-Prid Dr . , , . E9 Lester Smith Dr . . , . . , H7 Powell St . , . . . . . . .18 Vinelan
Baldwin Cir. . . . . . . . H7 g Lewis Dr. . . . . . . . . 09 Power Sta St . , . , . . , J10 Vinson
Barbcrest Av . F8 Forest Dr E11,G4 Lewis St. H8,H10 Premiere Plaza . G8 Virgil S3
Barrow Dr . p5 Fountain Ln 06 Liberty St E8 Prison Camp Rd P7 �
Bentmoor Dr . F1n Franklin St . F9,H9,J9 Little St E10
Berry Ln . . . . . . . . . N10 Frazier St . . . . . • • • ALongleaf Dr . . . . . . -16 Waddel
Best Alley . . . . . . . . .19 Fred Powell Rd . . . . . . 03 Love Mill . . . . , . . L6 Quail Dr . . . . . . . . , C9 Walter
Freedom Blvd , K2 QualitySt . . . . . . . . K8 Walton
Biltmore Rd N8
Best Ln . G3 Frink St . F9 Lynn Hill Rd F1 Ward c Bish Ford Rd . . . . . , , N8 Fruit Ridge Rd . , . . . . H4 Radio Sta Rd . . . . . . . L7 Warrior
Blue Jean Rd . . . . . . .G11 Fuller St . . . . . . . . . E10 Ma Mac Rd . . . . . . . 06 Washir
Ranch Valley Trl. L6
Madison St. . . . . .H9,J8,M6 Waterf
Bob White Ln . , Fir Richardson St E9
Brick CityRd Ext . . . .13 Magnolia Dr . . . . . . . P4 ' ' ' Webstl
� Garrell5t .G11 Ridgecrest Acres P4
Brickyard Rd . . . . . . . F9 Cato Dr. . . . . . . "1415 Magnolia St . . . . . . . .19 Robert N Bowen nr R1 WedgE
Britton St . . . . . . . . 110 Main St . . . . . . . . 19,110 - West E
George Dr . C8 Robin Hood Ct M5
Brookside Rd . . P4 g Maple St, . , . . . . . E9,09 West
Georgia Pacific Rd . .12 Rose Ln . C2
Brown Maultsb Rd . . . . Cir Martin Luther King Jr Av . . H8 Wheek
Y Golf Course Rd . .Air Rosemary St . H8
Brunswick Electric Rd . . .Q10 Mary Ln , . . . . . . . . F11 White I
Government Complex Rd . D9 Ma White Rd - Q2 Rough n Ready Rd Q2 Wildwc
Bryce St. F8 Green Hill Dr . 'Mir Maultsby Dr H7 William
Buds Ln . - J3 Green Mdw Ln N1 Maultsby St , H10 Sandlewood Dr . 67 Winter'
Burkhead St . . . . . . G7,G8 Greenwood St . , . . . . 05
-0 Grove St. . . . . , . F8 Maxwell St . . . . . . . G8,H8 Sawmill Ln . . . . . . , . L4 Wood
McAllister Dr . . . . Q9 Sellars St . . . . . . . . M7 Woodh
Caldis St . . . . . . . J9 McGill St . . . . , . . . .18 Shelter Dr . . . . . . . . G6 Woolat
Calhoun St. . . . . . . H8,H9 Hall Ln . . . . . . . . . M7 McKenzie St . . . . . . .G10 Sherwood Dr . . , . . . , A8 Wyche
Campground Av. . . . , . D7 Harrelsonville Rd . , . . . P9 McQueen Dr . . . . . . . P5 Silver Maple Dr . . . . . . M4 _
Campground Rd . . . . A6,C8 Hay St . . . . . . . . K7,L8 Memory St . . . . . . . . G8 Slade Dr. . . . . . . , . D5
Canal St. . . . . . . . . H10 Hazelwood Ct . . , . . , P5 Midway Rd. . . . . . . . F1 Slippery Log Rd . . . . . . M4 Young
Cape Fear Dr . . . . . . . E6 Henry Jones Sr Dr . . . . . N8 Mill Lp Rd . . . . , , . . N10 Smith Horne Ln . . . . . , .13
Carucci Dr . . . . . . . . D1 Hickory Dr . . . . . . . . 05 Mill Pond Rd . . . .L9,N10,010 Smith St. . . . . . . . . F9
Cascade Dr . . . . . . . D6 High Orchard Rd . . . . , E5 Mill St. . . . . . . . . . 110 Smiths Alley . . . . . . . H7 �
Caswell Sellers Dr. . . . . G1 Hill Dr. . . . . . . . . .010 Miller Sub Rd . . . . . . . B6 Smyrna Dr . . , . . . . . F8 Artesia
Center St . . . . . . . . .18 Hillcrest Rd . . . . . . . P4 Misson St . . . . . . . . F8 Smyrna Rd. . . . . . . C3,E7 Ash St
Chadbourn Hwy. . . . . . G4 Holly Cir. . . . . . . . .G10 Misty Land Ct. . . . . . . D6 South St. . . . . . . . . Q3
Charles Smith Dr . . . . . 03 Hunt St . . . . . . . . . G8 Moore St . . . . . . . . .19 Southwood Dr . . . . . - 05 Bartrarr
Charlie Williamson Rd . . . P2 Mosley Moore Dr . . . . . 08 Spinning Rd . . . . , . . N9 Bella C
Church St . . . . ' ' . . G9 Industrial Dr G7 Mrs Tate Rd . . . . . . . D2 Spivey Rd . , . . . . . . E11 Ben Jol
Clarence St . . . . . . . 110 Spring Hill Dr . , H3 Birch S
Clay St . . . . . . . . . H10 F9 Spruce St . . . . , . . . F6 Boone
College St . . . . . . . . G9 Jackso Ln . . . . . . , . N6 New Hope 5t , . . • . , F8Q3 St Stephens Ln . . . . . . C7 Bringh,
Columbus Apparel Rd . . . F12 James St F9 Stanley Cir Dr , . . . . . N8
Columbus St . . . . . H8,H10 Jeans Wy . , . , . , , , M1 Nolan Av . . . . . , . . H11 Stanley St . . . . . . . G8,H8 Broady
Commerce St. . . . . . . .19 Jefferson St . . . . . . . F12 Northwood Rd . . . . . . 05 Stewart Cir. . . . . . . . E6 �
Cooks Dr . . . . . . . . M1 Jenkins Dr . . . . . . . . 07 ' Strawberry Dr. . . . . . . J3 Cameo(
Country Club Dr. . . . . . A7 JK Powell Blvd . . . . . G8,K8 Oak St , . . . . . K7,06,09 Summersett Rd . . L1 Cedar;
Crape Myrtle Dr . . . . . . B8 Joe Jacobs Av . . . . . . M7 Oaks Village Dr . . . . . . H11 Summit Dr . . . . , F9 Center
Crayton St . . . . . . . ,G11 Jones Edwards Cir. . .010 Oakwood Dr . . C1 Sumpter Dr . . . , . . . G3 Chancy
Cut Tail Rd. . . . . . . . N6 Josephs Ln . . . . . . . L1 Ole Farm TO . . . . . . . F11 Sunnyside St . . . , K7 Church
Cypress St. . . . . . . 19,09 Judd Rd , . . . . . . . . B8 Olive Dr . . . . . . . . . F10 Sunset Av . . . . . . . . F6 Clyde
Oliver St. . . . . , . .F9,F10 Sunset Terrace . . . . . . F4 COluml
Optimist Dr. . . . . . . . H8 Sycamore Ln . . . , . . . F6 Counci
Dasher St E6 King Arthur Dr M5 Cove F
Davis Av. . . . . . F11 Kings Rd Q10 Craba;
Davis Dr. . . . . . . . . N8 Kit Horn Rd . . . . . . . K2 Parker St . . . . . . . . Q6 Talbot St . . . . . J8 Creek (
Diamond Br Sch Rd . . . . N6 Knight Ct . . . . . . . ,G12 Pear Blossom Ln . . , . . K2 Thompson St . . , . . F10,H10 Cypres
Dogwood Av . . . . . . . N5 M Pecan Av . . . . . . . . N4 Thompson Town Rd . . . L5,N2 _
Dogwood Ln . . . • . ' ' B9 Lakeview Dr . . . . . . . N1 Pecan Ln . . . . . . . . F11 Toon St . . F10
Dogwood Rd . . . . . . . 05 Lancelot Ln M5 . . . . . . . • . Pecan St 19 Tram Rd . . . G 11 Dallas.
Donald Fowler Ln . . . , . K3 Landfill Rd . . . . . . . . N2 Phillip St. . , . . . . . . H9 Tucker St . . , . , . . . E9 Dixon
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