NCG060290_COMPLETE FILE - HISTORICAL_20181102

STORMWATER DIVISION CODING SHEET
NCG PERMITS
PERMIT NO. I /v '�alpOa.qp
DOC TYPE I Chi HISTORICAL. FILE
❑ MONITORING REPORTS
DOC DATE ❑ )�A Il Df�,-
YYYYM M DD

r
BUNGS
November 2, 2018
via Federal Express
Division of Water Resources
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
RE: Ownership Change
Whole Harvest Foods, LLC to Bunge Oils, Inc.
NPDES Permit Number: NCG060290
To Whom It May Concern:
Please find enclosed, an ownership change form and legal documentation of the merger
of Whole Harvest Foods, LLC into Bunge Oils, Inc.
If you have any questions please contact me at michelle.bublitzRbunge.com or 314-292-
2652.
Sincerely,
� L,
Mic elle Bublitz
Environmental Director
Encl: NPDES Name and Ownership Change Form
Certificate of Merger
Bunge North America
1391 Timberlake Manor Parkway
Chesterfield, MO 63017
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
www. bungenorthamedca.com
RECEFIV
NOV � � �i,�t�✓
1 20 73
D�NR-LAND
srOR* QUALIry r%
Ar R PERMlr771VG

1
PAT MCCRORY
t
`,. Gvrerrmr
l.a
DONALD R. VAN DER VAART
secrelan-
WaterResources S. JAY ZIMMERMAN
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Direclur
PERMIT NAME/OWNERSHIP CHANGE FORM
I. CURRENT PERMIT INFORMATION:
Permit Number: NCG060290
1. Facility Name: Whole Harvest Foods, LLC
I1. NEW OWNER/NAME INFORMATION: RECEIVED
1. This request for a name change is a result of:
x a. Change in ownership of property/company
NOV 21 2013
DENR-LAND QUALITY
b. Name change only STORM4VATER PERMITTING
c. Other (please explain):
2. New owner's name (name to be put on permit):
Budge Oils, Inc.
3. New owner's or signing official's name and title: Andres Martin
(Person legally responsible for permit)
Vice President
(Title)
4. Mailing address: 1391 Timberlake Manor Parkway City: Chesterfield
State: MO Zip Code:63017 Phone: (314 } 292-2652
E-mail address: michelle.bublitzabunge.com
THIS APPLICATION PACKAGE WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED BY THE DIVISION UNLESS ALL OF THE
APPLICABLE ITEMS LISTED BELOW ARE INCLUDED WITH THE SUBMITTAL.
REQUIRED ITEMS:
1. This completed application form
2. Legal documentation of the transfer of ownership (such as a property deed, articles of
incorporation, or sales agreement)
[see reverse side of this page for signature requirements]
State of North Carolina I Environmental Quality I Water Resources
1617 Mail Service Center I Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
919 807 6300 919-807-6389 FAX
https://deq.nc.gov/about/divi sions/water-resources/water-resources-perm its/wastewater-branch/npdes-wastewater-permits

NPDES Name & Ownership Change
Page 2 of 2
Applicant's Certification:
1, Andres Martin , attest that this application for a
name/ownership change has been reviewed and is accurate and complete to the best of my
knowledge. I understand that if all required parts of this application are not completed and that
if all required supporting information and attachments are not included, this application
package will be returned as incomplete.
Signature:
Date: November 1, 2018
THE COMPLETED APPLICATION PACKAGE, INCLUDING ALL SUPPORTING
INFORMATION & MATERIALS, SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWING ADDDRESS:
NC DEQ 1 DWR 1 NPDES
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
Version 712016

Delaware
The First State
Page 1
I, JEFFREY W. BULLOCK, SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE STATE OF
DELAWARE, DO HEREBY CERTIFY THE ATTACHED IS A TRUE AND CORRECT
COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF MERGER, WHICH MERGES:
"WHOLE HARVEST FOODS, LLC", A NORTH CAROLINA LIMITED
LIABILITY COMPANY,
WITH AND INTO "BUNGE OILS, INC." UNDER THE NAME OF "BUNGE
OILS, INC.", A CORPORATION ORGANIZED AND EXISTING UNDER THE LAWS
OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, AS RECEIVED AND FILED IN THIS OFFICE
ON THE TWENTY-SIXTH DAY OF OCTOBER, A.D. 2018, AT 9:25 O'CLOCK
A.M.
AND I DO HEREBY FURTHER CERTIFY THAT THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF
THE AFORESAID CERTIFICATE OF MERGER IS THE FIRST DAY OF
NOVEMBER, A.D. 2018.
A FILED COPY OF THIS CERTIFICATE HAS BEEN FORWARDED TO THE
NEW CASTLE COUNTY RECORDER OF DEEDS,
2018745 8100M � �d•W4: L' "
5R## 20187336929 �
You may verify this certificate online at corp.delaware.gov/authver.shtml
yn
,l.nr.y W , klu:lot.. Srrerli•} ^� bla7r
Authentication: 203702733
Date: 10-29-18

Sate of Delaware
Secretary of State
Dh-blon of Corporations
Dellrered 09:25 A.111046f2018
STATE OF DELAWARE FILED 09:25 A112012612018
CERTIFICATE OF MERGER OF SR 20197336929 - Fliehum6er 2ols745
DOMESTIC CORPORATION AND
FOREIGN LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Pursuant to Title 8, Section 264(c) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the
undersigned corporation executed the following Certificate of Merger:
FIRST: The name of the surviving corporation is Bunge Oils, Inc.
a Delaware Corporation, and the name of the
limited liability company being merged into this surviving corporation is Whole Harvest
Foods, LLC a (list jurisdiction) North Carolina limited
liability company.
SECOND: The Agreement of Merger has been approved, adopted, certified, executed
and acknowledged by the surviving corporation and the merging limited liability
company.
THIRD: The name of the surviving corporation is Bunge Oils, Inc.
FOURTH: The merger is to become effective on November 1, 2018
FIFTH: The Agreement of Merger is on file at
_Bunge Oils, Inc., 1391 Timberlake Manor Parkway, Chesterfield wMO 63017 ,
the place of business of the surviving corporation.
SIXTH: A copy of the Agreement of Merger will be furnished by the corporation
on request, without cost, to any stockholder of any constituent corporation or member
of any constituent limited liability company.
SEVENTH: The Certificate of Incorporation of the surviving corporation shall be its
Certificate of Incorporation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF said Corporation has caused this certificate to be igned by
an authorized officer, the 26th - day of October ,A.D., 201$s
By:
Authorized Officer
Naive:
Luciano Salvatierra
Print or Type
Title: Vice President

P.,
A7iZA.
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Beverly Eaves Perdue
Governor
Bob Dawson
Whole Harvest Foods LLC
376 W Park Dr
Warsaw, NC 28398
Dear Permittee:
Division of Water Quality
Charles Wakild, P. E.
Director
December 4, 2012
Dee Freeman
Secretary
Subject: NPDES Stormwater Permit Coverage Renewal
Warsaw Oil Processing Facility
COC Number NCG060296
Duplin County
In response to your renewal application for continued coverage under stormwater General Permit NCG060000
the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) is forwarding herewith the reissued General Permit. This permit is
reissued pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1 and the Memorandum of
Agreement between the state of North Carolina and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, dated October
15, 2007 (or as subsequently amended).
The following information is included with your permit package:
• A new Certificate of Coverage (COC)
• A copy of General Permit NCG060000
• A copy of the Technical Bulletin for the General Permit
• Two copies of the Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Form
• Two copies of the Qualitative Monitoring Report Form
The General Permit authorizes discharges of stormwater, and it specifies your obligations for discharge
controls, management, monitoring, and record keeping. Please review the new permit to familiarize yourself
with all the changes in the reissued permit. Your facility has six (6) months from the time of receipt of the
permit to update your current SPPP to reflect all new permit requirements.
The first sample period of your permit begins January It, 2013. Your facility must sample a "measureable
storm event" beginning during the periods beginning January 1 and July 1 of every year (or, if applicable,
report "No Flow," as outlined in Part III, Section E). Also, please note that Tier 3 Actions in Part II of your
permit are triggered by benchmark exceedances on four occasions beginning on the effective date of this
permit and do not count prior exceedances.
The more significant changes in the General Permit since your last COC was issued are noted either in the
Draft Permit Fact Sheet that accompanied the public notice (http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ws/su/current-
notices), or in the Response to Comments / Summary of Changes and Technical Bulletin documents that are
posted on the Stormwater Permitting Unit's website with the new General Permit. Please visit
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ws/su/npdessw (click on 'General Permits' tab) to review that information
for your specific General Permit carefully.
1617 Mail Service Center, Rale'gh, North Carolina 27699-1617
Location: 512 N, Salisbury St. Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone:91H07-6300 FAX:[phone]
Internet www.ncwal,� LL aH M
An Lyrae Opportunily 1 Im •Five A rt6n Employer
Otte
N(JrthCarol ina
,A'attra!!y

Bob Dawson y
December 4, 2012
Page 2 of 2
Some of the changes include:
• Part II:
• Section A: The Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SPPP) section, if applicable, has been updated
to the most current language of our permits. Additional conditions for specific industry sectors have
been added to the SPPP requirements in some cases.
• Sections B, C: Failure to perform analytical stormwater monitoring may result in the Division requiring
that the permittee begin a monthly sampling scheme.
• Sections B, C: A lower TSS benchmark of 50 mg/I for HQW, ORW, PNA and Tr Waters applies to these
more sensitive waters.
• Sections B, C: The monitoring parameter Oil & Grease (O&G) has been replaced by the parameter
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) for vehicle maintenance areas, and in some cases, other
analytical monitoring requirements.
• Sections B, C, D: inability to sample due to adverse weather must be recorded in the SPPP, or in
separate on -site records if your General Permit does not require an SPPP. Adverse weather is defined
in the "Definitions" section of the permit.
• Sections B, C: The term "Representative Storm Event" has been replaced by "Measurable Storm
Event." A measurable storm event is defined in the permit.
• Section D: If the permittee fails to respond effectively to problems identified by qualitative
monitoring, DWQ may require the permittee to perform corrective action.
Please review Parts III and IV to understand the Standard Conditions of your new NPDES General Permit,
including Compliance and Liability, Reporting, Monitoring and Records requirements; Operation and
Maintenance obligations; and Definitions. Please note that all samples analyzed in accordance with the terms
of this permit must be submitted to the Division on Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) forms available on
the Stormwater Permitting Unit's website above. DMR forms must be delivered to the Division no later than
30 days from the date the facility receives the sampling results from the laboratory. Also note that existing
permittees do not need to submit a renewal request prior to expiration unless directed by the Division.
Your coverage under the General Permit is transferable only through the specific action of DWQ. This permit
does not affect the legal requirements to obtain other permits which may be required by DENR, nor does it
relieve the permittee from responsibility for compliance with any other applicable federal, state, or local law,
rule, standard, ordinance, order, judgment, or decree. If you have any questions regarding this permit
package, please contact the Division's Stormwater Permitting Unit at [phone].
Sincerely,
for Charles Wakild, P.E.
cc: DWQ Central Files
Stormwater Permitting Unit Files
Wilmington Regional Office

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
GENERAL PERMIT NO. NCG060000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE No. NCG060290
STORM WATER
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful
standards and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Whole Harvest Foods LLC
is hereby authorized to discharge stormwater from a facility located at:
Warsaw Oil Processing Facility
376 W Park Dr
Warsaw
Duplin County
to receiving waters designated as Turkey Creek, a class C;Sw waterbody in the Cape Fear River
Basin in accordance with the effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other
conditions set forth in Parts 1, 11, III, and IV of General Permit No. NCG060000 as attached.
This certificate of coverage shall become effective December 4, 2012.
This Certificate of Coverage shall remain in effect for the duration of the General Permit.
Signed this 4t1, day of December, 2012.
for Charles Wakild, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Boss Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environmum and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
Certified Mail No. 7005 0390 0001 3199 8591
Return Receipt Requested
March 19, 2007
Mr. James Dawson
Carolina Soy Products
P.O. Box 527
Warsaw, NC 28398 Subject: NPDES Compliance Inspection Report
Carolina Soy Products
NPDES Permit NCG060290
Duplin County
Dear Mr. Dawson:
The North Carolina Division of Water Quality conducted a recent inspection of the Carolina Soy Products
Facility on January 31, 2007. This inspection was conducted to verify that the facility is operating in compliance
with the conditions and limitations specified in NPDES Permit No. NCG060290.
The facility was found to be in substantial non compliance at the time of the visit. There were four areas
of concern that required attention: 1. The stormwater pond at the back of the facility had been contaminated as
evidenced by the turbid water and suspended solids (the stormwater pond discharges to Turkey Creek (Class C
sw) in the Cape Fear River Basin): 2. The boiler distillation clean out roll off storage area had waste material on
the ground in an area that is exposed to stormwater runoff: 3. The tanker loading area for waste byproduct is a
source of contamination, as evidenced by the flow path from the loading area directly to the stormwater pond: 4,
boiler blowdown is currently being discharged to the stormwater pond at the rear of the facility. Currently no
NCG500000 permit exists for this site. if you have not sent in an application for coverage under this permit,
please request coverage for the general permit using the enclosed notice of intent (application form), The
Division received and reviewed the analytical results on the discharge. The Division has no objections to the
discharge, as long as the facility secures the NCG500000 permit.
During the inspection summary, Lisa Hart (Plant Manager), Thomas Lee (Superintendent), Bill Jenkins
(Operations) and yourself were instructed to eliminate the contamination at each point source using effective Best
Management Practices and to remove and properly dispose of the contamination in the pond to insure no
discharge would occur to surface waters. The Division appreciates the immediate attention given to these
matters and will perform a follow up inspection in the near future to determine compliance with both the
NCG060290 and NCG500000 permits. Should you have any questions concerning the inspection, please do not
hesitate to contact me at 910-796-7343,
Sincerely,
Linda Willis
Environmental Engineer I
Surface Water Protection Section
Wilmington Regional Office
cc: DWQIRaleigh Central Files
NPDES Stormwater inspection files (Duplin County)
Om
NorthCarohna
A77Qtundly
North Carolina Division of Water Quality 127 Cardinal Drive Extension Wilmington, NC 28405 Phone (9] 0) 796 7215 Customer Service
Internet: w•ww.ncwalerouality.ore Fax [phone]
An Equal Opporlun4y!Affirmative Action Employer — 50% Recycled110% Post Consumer Paper

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ANALYTICAL & CONSULTING
CHEMISTS
Customer:
Environmental Chemists, Inc.
6602 Windmill Way • Wilmington, NC 28405
[phone] (Lab) • [phone] (Fax)
710 Bowsertown Road • Nlanteo, NC 27954
[phone]
NCUENR: DVVQ CERTIFICATI; 494. DLS CERTIFICATE, #37729
W.I4OLE HARVEST---CAROLINA SOY Date of Report Mar`h,57 2007
Post Office Box 527 *
Warsaw, NC 28398 Purchase / rderA'IV16' 1
A,1.1w Bill Jenkins _ � z00?
Report Number. -_1225
REPORT OF ANALYSIS
note. ,smopl.ed: 02/15/07
S411> 11,1ec1 .13y: Claris House
EFFLUENT: Boiler Water
Report To: Bill Jenkins
Copy To:
Page 1 of 2
Pay a.rnete>r
I.D. # 2721
Method code
Date
Analyzed
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, GODS as 02 mg/L
< 2
EPA 405.1
2/16/07
Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD mg/L
12
SM 5220-D
2/20/07
Total Organic Carbon, TOC mg/L
8.2
EPA 415.1
3/2/07
p1i, 11"its
11.47
EPA 150.1
2/20/07
Total Dissolved Solids, TDS mg/L
558
EPA 160.1
2/16/07
Chloride, CI - mg/L
10.9
SM 4500 +CL B
2/16/07
Oil & Grease, mg/L
3
EPA 413.1
2/20/07
Cyanide, CN mg/L
< 0.005
EPA 335.2
2/19/07
Alkalinity, as CaCO3 mg/L
310
EPA 310.1
2/21/07
Total Hardness, as CaCO3 mg/L
5.8
EPA 130.1
2/20/07
Acidity, as CaCO3 mg/L
< 2
EPA 305.1
2/16/07
Nitrate Nitrogen, NO3-N mg/L
< 0.02
EPA 353.3
3/2/07
Nitrite Nitrogen, NO2-N mg/L
< 0.02
EPA 353.3
2/16/07
Sulfate, as SO4 mg/L
24
EPA 375.4
2/16/07
Color, units
< 5
EPA 110.2
3/5/07
Foaming Agents as MBAS mg/L
0.026
EPA 425.1
2/16/07
Turbidity, NTU
3.0
SM 2131) - B
2/16/07
Fluoride, F- mg/L
0.3
EPA 340.2
2/20/07
Comments:

Environmental Chemists, Inc.
GWay Nilmin ton, NC 2$9U5602 indmill VV
� [phone] (l ab) (910) 392-442�1 (Fax)
'z.. ,t.:.,..-. 710 l3oc�°scrtown lZaad RTantco, NC 27954
[phone]
ANALYTICAL & CONSULTING
CHEMISTS NCLIFNIR: DWQ CI-ERTIFICATE 994. DLS CERTIFICNrE #37729
C+astomer: Carolina Soy Products Report 7-1225 Page 2 of 2
Ell FLU ENT: Boiler Water
Parameter
L.D. 9 2721
Method code
Date
Analyzed
Potassium, K mg/L
15.8
EPA 200.7
3/1/07
Calcium, Ca mg/L
2.72
EPA 200.7
2/28/07
Magnesium, Mg mg/L
0.025
EPA 200.7
2/27/07
Aluminum, Al mg/L
0.051
EPA 200.7
2/23/07
Silver, Ag mg/L
< 0.005
EPA 200.7
2/28/07
Barium, Ba mg/L
< 0.005
EPA 200.7
2/16/07
Cadmium, Cd mg/L
< 0.001
EPA 200.7
2/20/07
Chromium, Cr mg/L
< 0.005
EPA 200.7
2/21/07
Total Iron, Fe mg/L
0.145
EPA 200.7
2/27/07
Soluble Iron, Fe mg/L
0.070
EPA 200.7
2/27/07
Imoluble Iron, Fe mg/L
0.075
EPA 200.7
2/27/07
Total Manganese, Mn mg/L
0.005
EPA 200.7
2/28/07
Solimble Manganese, Mn mg/L
< 0.005
EPA 200.7
2/28/07
Insoluble Manganese, Mn mg/L
0.005
EPA 200.7
2/28/07
Mercury, Hg mg/L
< 0.0002
EPA 245.1
3/2/07
Selenium, Se mg/L
< 0.005
EPA 270.2
2/22/07
Sodium, Na mg/L
125
EPA 200.7
2/28/07
Antimony, Sb mg/L
< 0.003
EPA 204.2
3/2/07
Beryllium, Be mg/L
< 0.001
EPA 200.7
2/16/07
Nickel, Ni mg/L
< 0.005
EPA 200.7
2/21/07
Thallium, "I-1 mg/L
< 0.001
EPA 279.2
3/2/07
Lead, Pb mg/L
< 0.003
EPA 239.2
2/23/07
Copper, Cu mg/L
< 0.002
EPA 200.7
2/22/07
Arsenic., As mg/L
0.001
EPA 206.2
2/19/07
Zinc, zn mg/L
< 0.005
EPA 200.7
2/16/07
Comme"IS:
Reviewed by:

ENWRONMENTAL CHEMISTS, INC
Sample Collection and Chain of Custody
6602 Windmill Way
Wilmington, NC 28405
Phone: [phone]
Fax (910) 392,4424
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NOTICE - DECHLORINATION : Samples for Ammonia, TKN, Cyanide, Phenol, and Bacteria must be dechlorinated
(0.2 ppm or less) in the field at the time of collection. See reverse side for instructions.
Transfer
Relinquished By:
Date/Time
Received By:
Daterrime
1.
,oerature when Received: ;` Accepted, Rejected: Resample Requested:
'red By•,�: �_ �''::� Receiver! By: Date:.- _ _ - Time:
-its:
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F & F Environmental
4 352 N. Old Carriage Rood • Rockv M0011t, NC 27804
Phone: (2S2) 44 ,-4083 • Far: [phone]
MgRIsV�
2
007
NONHAZARDOUS WASTE MANIFEST
GENERATOR DESTINATION
.. Cam 1, no Say PC0J xe.k Land Application Facility Permit No. S1110500106
Po�ox_ex l _ - Speights Chapel Road
u C 993017 _ 1Vhit- -s, NC 27891
of 0 -2q3- 79 I'HON1?: {252} 443-4083
WASTE" DESCRIPTION: Non -Hazardous Petroleum Contaminated Soil
NVASTE ORIGINATION:
`;- Irtspol ler: _ Q-e F
V Ieh #: P f: la z
I),-, V• ,q(; i#ISl, l e:
,2,a I x2-. 2-
t)0` ur Name (Print): Kt, -
I I;erehy unify that the material stated herein
%sat !,-Hived ai the waste origination site listed.
:�-13-or?
F.:}�ttactPre Dace
inspeo-I ;.tnd Accepter( li%:
Cross Weight (Ibs.): 8300�
'fare Weight (lbs.):
Net Weight (Ibs.):. 514 8t q o
Net Weight (tons): .'�� • �.6
I hereby cerlity that the material stated herein was
delivered without incident to the destination listed.
2-13-09
rig ature Date
TRUCKS WILL NOT 13E PERMITTED TO ENTER
TILE FACILITY WITHOUT THIS ENTRANCE TICKET
%N'I11,1'17, - Invoice NTI'LONN' - Generator PINK - 7'rucher• G01,D - P & rEnvironmewal

P & F Environmental
4152 N. Old Carriage Road • Rocky Mount, NC 27804
Mimic: (252) 443-408; • Fax: [phone]
NON -HAZARDOUS WASTE MANIFEST
Al'I?ROVAL # 2 � y'
LOA D # C_�
GENERATOR DESTINATION
-o Urc)- SO Rd 5 Hand Application Facility Permit No. SR0500106
Speights Chapel Road
9,229 Whitakern, NC 27891
PHONE.-9/0- 243 - 79 17 PHONE: [phone]
NVASTE DESCRIPTION: Non -Hazardous Petroleum Contaminated Soil
WASTE ORIGINATION:
'I rfwsportel . —P4 TF--- Rd, t`o r1<men-40J
'l'lAtCl� ##: F 1<3Z
J
TVItill<Tog ##/Slate: Z13 Id1�
I�►�a;�er• N:tr>I>Ie (Print): ��[ o r:.3
! hei- by certify' that the material stated herein
ivas rineivcd m the waste origination site. listed.
.ti ... � •�i�C.T1`� y i W Lh Imo' -ol
_
I)ri&T,Si9n:11111'e Pale
�e�cl)n4.(nr1 -mid Accepter) By:
Gross Weight (11m): 2 3�00 _
Tare Weight (Ibs.): �M 110
Net Weight (lbs.): 5��,3 40 _
Net Weight (tons):90
I hereby certify that the material stated herein was
delivered without incident to the destination listed.
Pz;.L .1-1 y_ - v')
Dri erSip-nature Date
RTE
"TRUCKS NVILL NOT BE PERMITTED TO ENTER
TI-II? FACILITY NVITI-IOUT THIS ENTRANCI" TICKET
W111TE - Invoice YELLOW- Generator NIiN K - Trucker GOLD - P R F Environmental

P & P Environmental
4352 N_ Old Carriaize Road • Rocky Mount, NC 27804
Phone: [phone](l83 • I-ax: [phone]
NON -HAZARDOUS WASTE MANIFEST
AVI'IZONIAL# 9
LOAD#_ C4
GENERATOR DESTINATION
Cqro1,no- SoV pr'AS _ Gan(1 Application Facility Permit No. SR0500106
_Pa "7 — Speights Chapel Road
WoLn.sa.u;] NG _ 2oM 9ff Whitakers, NC 27891
�'tltTfti'IG: �lo �9S r7a 17 PHONE: [phone]
WASTE DESCRIPTION: Non -Hazardous Petroleum Contaminated Soil
WASTE ORIGINATION:
fi-ansllorter: tom' F FriJ i ronmttlA-
1'r(r P F W4
I'o-•t.lcic 'I;�g #IState: —�.i3 12���'r`l,
1 hel-ebr certik, that lire material staled herein
tv,is � eceive(1 at the 11-a"le origination site listed.
D).i ver siullatlll-e Da to
trr51?ectcd mod Accepted BY:
Gross Weight (lbs.):
_3,, $'40
Tare Weight (Ibs.):
31409
Net Weight (lbs.):
54440
Net Weight (tons):
Z9 •9-Z
I hereby certify that the material stated herein -was
delivered without incident to the destination listed.
,.fr.... -iN-d9
Driver Siguaw re Date
NOTICE TO TRANSPORTER
"TRUCKS NVILL NOT BE PERMITTED TO ENTER
TI-II" I;ACILITY WITHOUT THIS ENTRANCE TICKET
1} ! l l'IT - hilwicc YELWNN' - Generator PlvK - Tracker COLT) - P & 1- F_rrvlrorrrtrenful

P & F Environmental
4352 N. ()1d Carriage Road • Rocky P4ou11t. NC 27804
Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
NON -HAZARDOUS WASTE MANIFEST
APPROVAL#
GENERATOR
Ca�ro note. Sol prom kxc +-S•
_. 90 e,x 6,2, 7
Ll/.s caw /1C C_ 2 83 9 �
PHONE.-- 9 /0 ,P,93 7 L-7
LOAD # 4
DESTINATION
Land Application Facility Permit No. SR0500106
Speights Chapel Road
Whitakers, NC 27891
PHONE: [phone]
WASTE DESCRIPTION: Non -Hazardous Petroleum Contaminated Soil
WASTE ORI(:;INATION:
Vr'a 0R,spoIle r. e F On renmp ,+o,-
I'� P F 10
F1-„r'4 Tpg #/State: I—Q I Vskj
Driver Milne (Print):
bci- )v c.<_4-tik, that the material stated herein
vvp; s.ec,61,0 :11 the'sYaste origination site listed.
1i!r,vevft lfl :hart Accepted fay:
Gross Weight (lbs.): 714600
Tare Weight (lbs.): 211400
Net Weight (lbs.): 4,!J 2,00
Net Weight (tons): , A-2. 6 Us
I hereby certitti, that the material stated herein was
delivered -without incident to the destination listed.
Dri�erSiguaUire Dale
TRUCKS WILL NOT BE PERINUTTED TO ENTER
THE FACILITY WITHOUT THIS ENTRANCE TICKET
11'111TE - Mroice YEL,L.OW - Gerrerrrlor P1NK - !r•rscAer GOL1) - P& FL•rmirownerrlrrl

HOH CORPORATION
1701 Vargraue St.
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
Generator: i ! .
Address:
Contact:
} 336 727-4644
336 727-8840 fax
www.hohcorp.com
NON -HAZARDOUS WASTE MANIFEST
Date: f i
Prone #:
EPA ID#:
Bill to:
Pra _ess which generated waste: I certify that the materials described below are properly described, classified, packaged, marked and
labeled, and are in proper condition to be transported in commerce under the applicable regulations of the State, the Environmental
Protection Agency and the Department of Transportation. I certify that the waste described below is non -hazardous. I certify that the
specific waste nras delivered to the carrier named below for legal treatment, storage, or disposal at the site indicated. .
Signature: —_._ - _ Date:
CONTAINER
NAME AND/OR DESCRIPTION OF WASTE
QUANTITY
CIRCLE UNITS
TYPE & SIZE
(i.e. 5 gal pail, 30 gal.
drum, 55 gal. drum,
85ga1. over -pack)
—�
Lbs. / Gallons f Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd, Bags
F
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Transporter: I
Phone.#: r' 21 !
f EPA ID#: ;° i
I certify that the specified waste was transferred in a registered (licensed) vehicle to HOH Corporation and was accepted.
Pickup Driver's Signature Date Deering Driver's 5iggature Date
(DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE)
Facility: HOH Corporation
1701 Vargrave St.
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
HANDLING METHOD: [7'WASTEWATER TREATMENT
El PACKAGED/RETURNED GOODS GRINDING
CWT Permit #: 1998 EPA ID#: NCR000012260
SOLIDIFICATION
❑ WASTE -TO -ENERGY OTHER:
© USED OIL RECYCLING
I certify that the Transporter above delivered'the specified material to this facility and was accepted and properly handled in the above
manner.
Signature: --- _ Date: _
WHITE COPY-HOH ; YELLOW COPY -RETURN TO GENERATOR PINK COPY -TRANSPORTER GOLDENROD COPY -GENERATOR

HOH CORPORATION
1701 Vargrave St.
Winstafl-Salem, NC 27107
Generator:
Address:
Contact:
NON -HAZARDOUS WASTE MANIFEST
i . Date:
Phone #:
EPA ID#:
_-- Bill to: L f ! ;
336 727-4644
336 727-8840 fax
www.hohcorp.com
Process which generated waste: I certify that the materials described below are properly described, classified, packaged, marked and
labeled, and are in proper condition to be transported in comTnerce under the applicable regulations of the State, the Environmental
Protection Agency and the Department of Transportation. I certify that the waste described below is non -hazardous. I certify that the
specific waste +p!as delivered to the carrier named below for legal treatment, storage, or disposal at the site indicated.
Sign7t1!rP: � _ I. i Date:
CONTAINER
NAMF. A140/011 I7F,SCRIPTION OF WASTE
QUANTITY
CIRCLE UNITS
TYPE & SIZE
(i.e. 5 gal pail, 30 gal.
drum, 55 gal, drum,
85gal. overpack)
��—
Lbs. /;Gallons`/ Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Transporter:
Phone #•
EPA ID#:-__.'r . • J—
I certify that the specified waste was transferred in a registered (licensed) vehicle to HOH Corporation and was accepted.
4
Pickup Driver's Signature i Date Delivering Driver's Signature !, Date
• s
'i
(DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE)
Facility: HOH Corporation CWT Permit #: 1998 EPA ID#: NCR000012260
1701 Vargrave St.
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
HANDLING METHOD: ❑ WASTEWATER TREATMENT © SOLIDIFICATION ❑ USED OIL RECYCLING
❑ PACKAGED/RETURNED GOODS GRINDING ❑ WASTE -TO -ENERGY OTHER.
I certify that the Transporter above delivered the'specified material to this facility and was accepted and properly handled in the above
manner. i
z
Signature: _ _ Date:
WHITE COPY-HOH f YELLOW COPY -RETURN TO GENERATOR PINT( COPY -TRANSPORTER GOLDENROD COPY=GENERATOR

HOH CORPORATION 336 727-4644
r
1701 Vargrave St. 336 727-8840 fax
Winston-Salem, NC 27107 www.hohcorp.com
NON -HAZARDOUS WASTE MANIFEST
Generator:'_ i,.: i t _ Date:
Address: Phone #:
EPA ID#:
Contact: Bill to:
Process which generated waste: I certify that the materials described below are properly described, classified, packaged, marked and
IahFlefl, and are in proper condition to be transported in commerce under the applicable regulations of the State, the Environmental
Prnlectictrr Agency and the Department of Transportation. I certify that the waste described below is non -hazardous. I certify that the
specific waste was delivered to the carrier named below for legal treatment, storage, or disposal at the site indicated.
Signatm4l: r _ Date: _
CONTAINER
NAME AND/OR DESCRIPTION OF WASTE
QUANTITY
CIRCLE UNITS
TYPE & SIZE
(i.e. 5 gal pail, .30 gal.
drum, 55ga1. drum,
85ga1. over -pack)
Lbs. /;Gallons'/ Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Sags
Lbs. / Gallons / Drums / Totes / Tons / Cu. Yd. Bags
Transporter: i !
Phone #:
EPA ID#; r !
I certify that the specified waste was transferred in a registered (licensed) vehicle to HOH Corporation and was accepted.
Pickup Driver's Signature Date Delivering Driver's Signature Date
(DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE)
Facility: HOH Corporation CWT Permit #: 1998 EPA ID#: NCR000012260
1701 Vargrave St.
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
HANDLING METHOD: ❑,WASTEWATER TREATMENT ❑ SOLIDIFICATION ❑ USED OIL RECYCLING
PACKAGED/RETURNED GOODS GRINDING ❑ WASTE -TO -ENERGY OTHER:
I certify that the Transporter above delivered the specified material to this facility and was accepted and properly handled in the above
manner.
Signature: _ _ Date: _ r
WHITE COPY-HOH YELLOW COPY -RETURN TO GENERATOR PINK COPY -TRANSPORTER GOLDENROD COPY -GENERATOR

1701 Vargrave St., Winston-Salem, NC 27107 - 336-727-4644 • Fax [phone]
JJ ..1�
Ali) Ili fest:
Generator:
Date:
Phone No:
EPA ID No:
Contact:
Process which generated waste: Bill To:
I cXrlify that the rmlerials described below are properly described,
classitied.parkged, marked and labeled, and are in proper condition to he transported
in cnmrnerc:e; inrder the applicable regulations of the State, The rnvirorimerrt.aI Protec-
ticruA encyartdlheDepartment of Transportation. Icertify lhal the waste described
below is nrnr-tvizardous. I certify that the specific waste was delivered to the carrier
named helow for legal treatment, storage, or disposal at the site indicated.
Date
Signature t = ,�
Name i I i
Address
Description of Waste
Circle Form
Quantity
Circle Units
Container
No.
Type
Solid
Cu. Yards/Drums/Tons
Wastewater
Gallons/ Drums
Liquid for Solidification
Gallons/Drums/Tons
Sludge
Cu. Yards/ Drums/Tons
Transporter:
Phone No:
EPA ID No
Vehicle license Tag Numbers) Container:
Unit. Numbers:
sl
1 certify that the specified waste was transferred in a registered (licensed) vehicle to the
disposal treatment, storage, or disposal facility named below and was accepted.
Pick-up !river's Signature Uc11e Delivering !river's .Signature Owe
Facility. 1-1011 Corp Phone No: 336-727-4644
1701 Vargrave St, Permit No: 34-11TP
Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Contact:
Handling Melliod:
Dale
certify that the Transporter above delivered the specified material to this facility and was
accepted and properly handled in the above manner. We are authorized and qualified by
the State of to handle this material.
Signature _ --
ORIGINAL - Destinalioin Retain COPY 2 - Return to Generator COPY 3 -Transporter Retain COPY 4 - (venerator Retain
117I-1ITr VUI t f1W PINK GOLDENROD

Manifest
Generator:
1701 Vargrave St., Winston-Salem, NC 27107 • 336-727-4644 • Fax [phone]
Date:
Phone No:
EPA ID No:
Contact:
Process which generated waste: Bill To:
I certify- that the matertats described below are properly described,
classified.packged. marked and labeled, and are in proper condition to be transported
in cor;wwrce rimier the applicable regulations of the State, the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency and the Uepartmew of Transportation. f certify that the waste described
below is nr.m-11,VardnLrS. i certifv that the specific waste was delivered to the carrier
name($ below for legal treaturerri, storage, or disposal at the site indicated.
f),rle signature i
Name_
Address
Description of Waste
Circle Form
Quantity
Circle Units
Container
No.
Type
Solid
Cu. Yards/Drums/Tons
Wastewater
r
Gallons/Drums
Liquid for Solidification
Gallons/Drums/Tong
Sludge
Cu. Yards/Drums/Tons
`['r�tttsporter: Unit Numbers:
Phone No:
EPA ID No: . '
Vehicle License Taf; Nulnber(s). Container:
I certify that. the specified waste was transferred in a registered (licensed) vehicle to the
disposal t.reat.rnent, storage, or disposal facility named below and was accepted.
i -
Pick -tip Driver''> -Signalure Date Delivering Drive r's'Signature Date
f acilil.y: l-I(A-1 Corp Phone No: 336-727-4644
1701 Vargrave St.- Permit No: 34-11TP
Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Contact:
Handling Method:
I certify that the Transporter above delivered the specified inaterial to this facility and was
accepted and properly handled in the above manner. We are authorized and qualified by
the State of to handle this materiel.
Date Signature
r
ORIGINAI, - Destination Retain COPY 2 - Return to Generator COPY 3 -Transporter Retain COPY 4 - Generator Retain
«'1IiTE YELLOW PINTA GOLDENROD

170t Vargrave St., Winston-Salem, NC 27107 • 336-727-4644 • Fax [phone]
Manifest: rJ ��'�x Bate:
(Eenerator: Phone No:
CPA 1D No:
Contact:
Process which generated waste: Bill 'lb:
I cerlifv Yhat Ilre materials rlesoibed below are properly described,
classifir d,packg :d, marked and labeled, and are In proper condition to be transl)rrrtecl
in ,!orrnncrcr' nn ier the applicable ret;nlations of the State, the Envirour m itat Protec-
tirm Agoricy and the Department of 'Transportation. I certify that the waste described
helow is il"n-hazarduns. I certify that the specific waste was delivered to the carrier
named bclncc for legal treatment, storage, or disposal at the site indicated.
Date Signature
Name
Address__
Description of Waste
Circle Form
Quantity
Circle Units
Container
No.
Type
Solid
Cu. Yards/Drums/Tons
Wastewater
Gallons/Drurns
r
Liquid for Solidification
Gallons/Drums/Tons
Sludge
Cu. Yards/ Drurns/Tons
T'r:lusl�urter: Unit Numbers:
Phone No: f
Vehicle License Wag Nuniber(s)
ETA ID No:
Container:
I certify that the specified waste was transferred in a registered (licensed) vehicle to the
disposal treatment, storage, or disposal facility named below and was accepted.
Pick-up Driver's Signahwe Date ", Delivering Driver's Signature Dote
Facility: HOH Corp Phone No: 336-727-4644
1 701 Vargrave St. Permit No: 34-1 I TP
Winston-Salem. NC 27107 Contact:
Handling Method:
I certify that the"Transporter above delivered the specified material to this facility and was
accepted and properly handled in the above manner. We are authorized and qualified by
Hie State of to handle this material.
Dale Signature
ORIGINAL - Destination Retain COPY 2 - Return to Generator COPY 3 -Transporter Retain COPY 4 - Generator Retain

Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, RE. Director
Division of Water Quality
CEIVED
February 9, 2007
2007
Mr. Bob Dawson
Carolina Soy Products, LLC
376 West Park Drive
Warsaw, NC 28398
Subject: General Permit No. NCG060000
North Carolina Soy Products
COC NCG060290
Duplin County
Dear Mr. Dawson:
In accordance with your application for a discharge permit received on November 2, 2005, we are
forwarding herewith the subject certificate of coverage to discharge under the subject state -NPDES general
permit. This permit is issued pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1 and the
Memorandum of Agreement between North Carolina and the US Environmental Protection Agency dated May 9,
1994 (or as subsequently amended).
Please take notice that this certificate of coverage is not.transferable except after notice to the Division of
Water Quality. The Division of Water Quality may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the
certificate of coverage. Please also note the requirement to have a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan and to
comply with the cut off concentrations listed in the permit. The attached general requires facilities to develop this
plan within -12 months. However, due to concerns identified during a site visit on February 1, 2007you must
develop a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan within six months
This permit does not affect the legal requirements to obtain other permits which may be required by the
Division of Water Quality or permits required by the Division of Land Resources, Coastal Area Management Act
or any other federal or local governmental permit that may be required.
If you have any questions concerning this permit, please contact Kelly Johnson at telephone number (919)
733-5083 ext. 376.
�Sincerely,'tl . ., ...,•,•
`- QRI ;1MV Sit ��r.^ my ;
8FR;;D,r_y
c: r - an.W..,Klimek, P.E.
cc: Wilmington.Regional Office, Linda Willis
Central Files
Stormwater Permitting Unit Files
Noy` hCarolma
Nalimally
North Carolina Division of Water Quality 1617 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 Phone [phone] Customer Service
Internet: www.ncwater uat .or Location: 512 N. Salisbury St. Raleigh, NC 27604 Fax [phone]
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer— 50% Recycled110% Post Consumer Paper

r- -.A
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
GENERAL PERMIT NO. NCG060000
CERTIFICATE OF COVERAGE No. NCG060290
STORMWATER DISCHARGES
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful
standards and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental
Management Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Carolina Soy Products, LLC
is hereby authorized to discharge stormwater from a facility located at
376 West Park Drive
Warsaw
Duplin County
to receiving waters designated as Turkey Creek, a class C, SW water in the Cape Fear River
Basin, in accordance with the effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions
set forth in Parts I,1I,1I1, IV, V, and VI of General Permit No. NCG06000 as attached.
This certificate of coverage shall become effective February 9, 2007
This Certificate of Coverage shall remain in effect for the duration of the General Permit.
Signed this 9'h day of February
11R,21 :3LEY F. EI%NET T
for Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
By the Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

LOCATION MAP:
7
41
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' .+�_.. -{ c tCr -i w�.♦ i•-•..-r. ."- 15. .f.+z tidss..r.a4 °t _-+'Ir! x fir. +•
Latitude: 35°01'18" N NCG060290 Facility
Longitude: 78cO6'34" W
County: Du lin North Carolina Soy Location
tY F
Stream Class: C, SW Products
Receiving Stream: Turkey Creek
Sub -basin: 03-06-01(Cape Fear River Basin) SCALE 1:24,000

N
r
1

■ Complete items 1, 2, and 3. Also complete
item 4 if Restricted Delivery is desired.
■ Print your name and address on the reverse
so that we can return the card to you.
■ Attach this card to the back of the mailpiece,
or on the front if space permits..
1�Art`icle Addressed to:
V
NG
A. SWfwrgV
X / Q ^_ /} ❑Agent
Lr C4K,'� ❑ Addressee
B. y (P ' fed ame) G. Date of Delivery
D. Is delivery address different from item 17 0 Yes
If YES, enter delivery address below: ❑ No
3. Type
Lzifled Mail ❑ Express Mali
❑ Registered ❑ Return Receipt for Merchandise
❑ Insured Mali ❑ C.O.D.
4. Restricted Delivery? (Extra Fee) ❑ Yes
2. Article Number 7005 0393 0001 3199 8591
(Transfer from service taboo
PS Form 3811, February 2004 Domestic Return Receipt 102595-02-M-1540

UNITED STATES POSTAL; SERVICE First -Class Mail
Postage & Fees Paid
USPS
Permit No. G-10
• Sender: Please print your name; address, and ZIP+4 imthis box •
State of North Carolina
Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources (�
127 Cardinal Drive Extension
Wilmington, NC 28405
O
Attn: Patti
31

FOR AGENCY USE ONLY
a
Date Received
• Division of Water Quality / Water Quality Section
Ycar onthRece Da
I. Ia Z
±NAF'
CertlrrcateorCovera e
�
National Pollutant Dischar e Elimination S stem
C ° a
g y
NCDENR
Check Il Amount
N,. t,,, — 0�� a
I I 1171 b.
f+�nwoa.n.r nw rw,n.� fasarrs� NCGD6llolJa
erm t
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1
NOTICE OF INTENT
�^
� c
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System application for coverage under
General Pe
NCGD6DDD0:
ry
STORMWATER DISCHARGES associated with activities classified as:
SIC' 20 Food and Kindred Products L
SIC 21 Tobacco Products
SIC 283 Drugs Public
SIC' 284 Soaps, Detergents, & Cleaning Preparations; Perfumes, Cosmetics, & Other Toilet Preparations
SIC 422 Warehousing and Storage (except 4226)
Standard Industrial Classification Code
(Please print or type)
1) Mailing address of ownerloperator:
Name L!+ re %r riQ S:� rd 4ac.-'s LC
Street Address 37 alL Pc-r 0 rr J ¢_
City U11L V ScL State N <: -- ZIP Code .3 �
Telephone No. lC -,4q3. T 9/ 7 Fax: 9l0 223 2 912
" Address to which all permit correspondence will be [nailed
2) Location of facility producing discharge:
Facility Name
Facility Contact
Street Address
City
County
Telephone No.
r�
3) Physical Location Information:
Please provide a narrative description of how to get to the facility (use street names, state road numbers, and
distance and dire tion from a roadway intersection). T yn A 1&,3�1.,i -1 ,3L�i � as/ tic zy
. .6 nt�' + L � Olt_ _u S /17 . Z SAf��. A& c+t r oce- /" j: ,h cn kt: wFs t-
A co of a county ma or USGS quad sheet with facility clew located on the ma is required to be submitted with this application)
�% ��
PY tY P Q Y dY P � eq
4) This NPDES Permit Application applies to which of the following:
❑� New or Proposed Facility Date operation is to begin
Existing
5) Standard Industrial Classification:
Provide the 4 digit Standard Industrial Classification Code (SIC Code) that describes the primary industrial
activity at this facility
SIC Code: D
"�C J p4
Page 1 of 3
SWU-221-101701

[Rols . i stlimMajo
6) Provide a Brief narrative description of the types of industrial activities and products m n
this facility:C'rr..shtn Sn �e6_nS k radvc-e Sbly t fin, m9
rw�uZ �G. Q: /i - (:ra< 9 w, Q. 1 LS rl i*Ic Oe
at
rrti�d ' � Gc��-r o ��+.J s�v-1 r t [t.>! S.� •i �v �
rJ. C2. G+I�-•r c ��jj�Jcssy�N
7) Discharge points / ReceiVing water
How many discharge points (ditches, pipes, channels, etc.) convey stormwater from the property?
What is the name of the boor bodies of water {cre k, stream, river, lake, etc.) that the facility stormwater
discharges end up in? ! Gt r,� t y sec
If the site stormwater discharges to a s parate storm sewer system, game the operator of the separate storm
sewer system (e.g. City of Raleigh municipal storm sewer)- 4f. 4
8) Does this facility have any other NPDES permits?
OdNo
❑ Yes
If yes, list the permit numbers for all current NPDES permits for this facility:
9) Does this facility have any Non -Discharge permits (ex: recycle permits)?
9 No
❑ Yes
If yes, list the permit numbers for all current Non -Discharge permits for this facility:
10) Does this facility employ any best management practices for stormwater control?
❑ No
Vu Yes
If yes, please briefly describe: a.
T .��-► fQ.�i:o=, �s,"r. 17� �Urc.( i .Xr�l
�vnc�cILI la.w fr. v t c t UK., / w:, rr ,, C
arak. .zLi ern Id.-I'l e2=474-6n dlrir 'A 4 bYi Cc1r�-irD1
11) Does this facility have a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan?
❑ No !!
Yes (I .217 d s-
If yes, when was it implemented.?
12) Are vehicle maintenance activities occurring at this facility?
xNo © Yes
13) Hazardous Waste:
a) Is this facility a Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, or Disposal Facility?
xNo ❑ Yes
b) Is this facility a Small Quantity Generator (less than 1000 kg. of hazardous waste generated per month) of
hazardous waste?
No ❑ Yes
c) Is this facility a Large Quantity Generator (1000 kg. or more of hazardous waste generated per month) of
hazardous waste?
7( No ❑ Yes
d) If you answered yes to questions b. or c., please provide the following information:
Type(s) of waste:
Page 2 of 3
SWU-221-101701
e-

NCG060000 N.O.I.
How is material stored:
Where is material stared:
How many disposal shipments per year:
Name of transport/ disposal vendor:____
Vendor address:
14) Certification:
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6 b (1) provides that:
Any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, report,
plan or other document filed or required to be maintained under Arficle 21 or regulations of the Environmental
Management Commission implementing that Article, or who falsifies, tampers with or knowingly renders inaccurate any
recording or monitoring device or method required to be operated or maintained under Article 21 or regulations of the
Environmental Management Commission implementing that Article, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a
fine not to exceed $10,000, or by imprisonment not to exceed six months, or by both. (18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides
a punishment by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment not more than 5 years, or both, for a similar offense.)
I hereby request coverage under the referenced General Permit. I understand that coverage under this permit
will constitute the permit requirements for the discharge(s) and is enforceable in the same manner as an
individual permit.
I certify that I am familiar with the information contained in this application and that to the hest of my knowledge
and belief such information is true, complete, and accurate.
Printed Name o Per�pn Signing:
Title: � 1 el 1�
of
/ S
(Date Signed)
Notice of Intent must be accompanied by a check or money order'tor $80.00 made payable to:
NCDENR
Final Checklist
This application will be returned as incomplete unless all of the following items have been Included:
❑ Check for $80 made payable to NCDENR
❑ This completed application and all supporting documents
❑ Copy of county map or USGS quad sheet with location of facility clearly marked on map
Mail the entire package to:
Stormwater and General Permits Unit
Division of Water Quality
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
Note
The submission of this document does not guarantee the issuance of an NPDES permit.
Page 3 of 3
SWU-221.101701

Modified ,Jlwysical refining of soybean oil - Patent 6924381
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Abstract:
A solvent extraction free, process for producing refined soybean oil that is high in calcium and/or magnesium is
described in which mechanically extracted Crude Soybean oil is subjected to a two -stage process to separate
Syntax Reference
hydratable and nonhydratable phospholipids. In the first stage, the crude oil is intimately mixed with water or with
a weakly acidic aqueous solution, e.g., a aqueous solution of citric acid or a similar organic acid, to form gums of
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the hydratable phospholipids. After removing the gums from the oil, e.g., by centrifuging, the oil from the first
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degumming is intimately mixed with a weakly basic solution, e.g., an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or
sodium metasticate, to produce soapstock and reduce the magnesium and calcium in the oil to less than 100 ppm,
F.A.Q.
followed by separation of the soapstock, e.g., by centrifuging. Free fatty acids are then removed through physical
refining.
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Inventors:
Dawson, RobertB;
Application
746669
Number:
Filing Date:
2003-12-24
Publication
2005-08-02
Date:
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Assignee:
Carolina Soy Products, LLC (Warsaw, NC)
I of 4 1 /29/2007 10:29 AM

Modified physical refining of soybean oil - Patent 6924381
http://www.freepatentsonline,com/6924381,htm1
Primary 554/12
Class:
Other 554/9, 426/489, 426/492, 426/634
Classes:
International C07C 001/00
Classes:
Field of 554/17,9 426/492,489,634
Search:
Primary Carr; Deborah D.
Examiner:
Attorney, MacCord Mason PLLC
Agent or
Firm.
Claims:
1. A process for treating crude soybean oil containing calcium and magnesium obtained from soybeans by mechanical extraction
comprising:
a) mixing the crude soybean oil with water or an acidic aqueous solution to form gums of hydratable phospholipids;
b) separating the gums from the crude oil to obtain first treated soybean oil;
c) intimately mixing the first treated oil with a basic aqueous solution to produce soapstock containing calcium and magnesium,
whereby the amount of calcium and magnesium remaining in the ail is less than 100 ppm; and
d) separating the soapstock from the first treated soybean oil.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein said acidic aqueous solution is comprised of water containing an organic acid.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein said basic aqueous solution is comprised of water containing an alkali metal hydroxide or an
alkali metal metasilicate.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein said acidic aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of acetic acid.
S. The process of claim 1, wherein said basic aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or sodium metasilicate.
6. A process for producing soybean oil from soybeans that are high in magnesium and calcium comprising:
a) heating said soybeans to at least 3000 F.;
b) mechanically pressing said soybeans to separate soybean oil from soybean meal;
c) mixing the crude soybean oil with water or an acidic aqueous solution to form gums of hydratable phospholipids;
d) separating the gums from the crude oil to obtain first treated soybean oil;
e) intimately mixing the first treated oil with a basic aqueous solution to produce soapstock containing calcium and magnesium
salts, whereby the amount of calcium and magnesium remaining in the oil is less than 100 ppm;
f) separating the soapstock from the first treated soybean oil; and
g) heating said soybean oil to a temperature of from about 450' F. to about 5001 F. under a vacuum to remove free fatty acids from
said soybean oil.
7. The process of claim 6, wherein said soybeans are heated to at least 300° F. in less than about 60 seconds.
8. The process of claim 6, wherein said soybeans are crushed while being frictionally heated to a temperature of from about 300, F.
to about 3701 F,
9. The process of claim 6, further including bleaching said soybean oil following pressing.
ID. The process of claim 6, wherein said soybean oil is heated under a vacuum at a temperature of from about 4600 F. to about
4800 F.
11. The process of claim 6, wherein said acidic aqueous solution is comprised of water containing an organic acid.
12. The process of claim 6, wherein said basic aqueous solution is comprised of water containing an alkali metal hydroxide or an
alkali metal metasilicate.
13. The process of claim 6, wherein said acidic aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of acetic acid.
14. The process of claim 6, wherein said basic aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or sodium metasilicate.
15. A process for producing soybean oil from soybeans that are high in magnesium and calcium comprising:
a) crushing said soybeans while frictionally heating said soybeans to a temperature of from about 300° F. to about 370° F.;
b) mechanically pressing the crushed soybeans to separate crude soybean oil from soybean meal;
c) mixing the crude soybean oil with acetic acid aqueous solution to form gums of hydratable phospholipids;
d) separating the gums from the crude oil to obtain first treated soybean oil;
e) intimately mixing the first treated oil with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to produce soapstock containing calcium and
magnesium, whereby the amount of calcium and magnesium remaining in the oil is less than 100 ppm;
f) separating the soapstock from the soybean oil; and
g) heating said soybean oil to a temperature of from about 4501 F. to about 500° F. under a vacuum to remove free fatty acids from
said soybean oil.
2 of 4 1 /29/2007 10:29 AM

Modified physical refining of soybean oil - Patent 6924381 http://www.freepatentsonline.com/692438i.html
16. The process of claim 15, wherein said soybeans are heated to at least 300° F. in less than about 60 seconds
17. The process of claim 15, further including bleaching said soybean oil following pressing.
Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a process for extracting and refining soybean oil and to the resultant product, and in
particular to an improved method of separating soybean oil that is high in calcium and/or magnesium, permitting physical refining of
the o4.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
Soybean oil production involves several steps that are necessary to render the soybean oil suitable for human consumption. These
production steps may be broadly characterized as 1) soybean preparation, 2) oil extraction, and 3) oil refining. Soybean preparation
generally includes the steps of cleaning, drying, cracking, and dehulling.
The great majority of commercial soybean oil production processes extract or separate the oil from the soybean meal by a process
known as solvent extraction. In the solvent extraction process, the prepared beans are first flaked to provide a large surface area. A
solvent, commonly hexane, is then pumped through the soybean flakes to dissolve the oil in the hexane, separating approximately
99.5% of the oil from the meal. The hexane is then separated from the oil and recycled.
The crude oil resulting from the solvent extraction must then be subjected to additional treatments, collectively called "refining", to
remove various materials in order for the oil to be suitable for consumption. These materials include hydratable and non-hydratable
phospholipids, free fatty acids, and various color and flavor components. Crude soybean oil contains phosphorous compounds called
hydratable phospholipids, and small amounts of calcium and magnesium that complex with a portion of the phospholipids to form
non-hydratable phospholipids. Hydratable phospholipids are normally removed by a process known as'degumming', in which the
oil is agitated or otherwise intimately combined with water to precipitate gums from the oil. The gums are then removed by
centrifuging.
These precipitated gums can be used as a feed additive, or evaporated to remove moisture. The end product, lecithin, has various
end uses such as food emulsifier. The degummed oil is dried under vacuum to remove any water. Removal of non-hydratable
phospholipids is considerably more difficult and expensive, requiring further chemical treatment, typically chemical refining, to break
the chemical bands between the calcium or magnesium ions and the phospholipids, followed with extensive bleaching of the oil.
In most processes, free fatty acids are removed from the oil by a process known as caustic refining, also called chemical or alkali
refining, in which the oil is mixed with a caustic material, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, which undergoes a saponification
reaction with the acids, forming soaps that are then removed by centrifugation. Non-hydratable phospholipids are removed along
with the free fatty acids. Chemical refining soybean oil is an expensive process, requiring a large investment in capital equipment. In
addition, a significant quantity of the oil is captured by the soaps, adversely affecting oil yield. Also, the caustic refining process
produces soapstock, which has little commercial value, and it is difficult to dispose of without environmental problems.
Conventional refining processes also involve some bleaching of the soybean oil to remove color pigments that adversely affect the
color of the oil. Finally, chemicals that add flavors to the oil are removed by a process known as "deodorization", which is essentially
a form of physical distilling, in which the oil is subjected to high temperatures under a vacuum for a short period of time, which is
sufficient to remove the flavor -causing components, but insufficient to break down non-hydratable phospholipids.
Commonly assigned U.S. Pat, No. 6,511,690, issued ]an. 28, 2003, and copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/066,250, filed
]an. 31, 2002, both the patent and application being incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, describe an alternative
process for producing soybean oil having a commercially acceptable frylife, i.e., at least 30 fry cycles, without partial hydrogenation
by a combination of mechanical oil extraction combined with physical refining of the crude oil. In the process described therein,
soybean oil is mechanically separated from prepared soybeans by first rapidly heating the beans for up to about 60 seconds to a
temperature of from about 300D F. to about 3700 F., preferably from about 315' F. to about 335° F., followed by mechanically
pressing the oil from the beans. Desirably, the beans are crushed during or after heating to assist in freeing the oil, e.g., by
extruding the beans through an extruder in which the beans are subjected to high pressures that crush the beans while frictionally .
heating the beans.
The crude soybean oil is then degummed by intimately mixing the crude soybean oil with water, which may contain citric acid or a
similar organic acid, to form gums of the hydratable phospholipids, which are then removed from the crude oil, e.g., by centrifuging
The degummed oil is then bleached with bleaching materials, such as clay or silica gel. The oil is then vacuum dried and filtered.
The resultant oil is a useful product known as refined and bleached oil. Normally, however the oil is further processed to remove
free fatty acids and components that contribute to the color and flavor of the oil. Free fatty acids are then removed along with
undesirable flavor and color components by physical refining, in which the oil is heated In a distillation column to from about 4500 F
to about 5001 F. to distill off the free fatty acids and flavor materials.
While the combination of mechanical extraction with physical refining results in several improvements over the solvent extraction
and caustic refining process, use of physical refining is not possible for soybean oil containing a high amount of magnesium and
calcium salts, i.e., more that 100 ppm. Therefore, further improvements are still needed in order to permit refining of soybean oils
that are unusually high in calcium and magnesium.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Generally, the present process comprises a modification of the above -described mechanical extraction/physical refining process, and
in particular comprises a two -stage removal of phospholipids from the oil, especially when the soybean oil is unusually high in
calcium and/or magnesium, that may be in the form of nonhydratable phospholipids or other calcium or magnesium salts.
More specifically, soybean oil extracted from soybeans by heating and crushing the soybeans under the conditions described above,
followed by pressing the crushed soybeans to separate the oil from the soybean meal, is subjected to a two -stage treatment
process. The two -stage process includes the steps of 1) intimately mixing the crude oil with water or with a weakly acidic aqueous
solution, e.g., a aqueous solution of citric acid or a similar organic acid, to form gums of the hydratable phospholipids, and then
removing the gums from the oil, e.g., by centrifuging, and then 2) intimately mixing the oil from the degumming treatment with a
weakly basic solution, e.g., an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or metasilicate, e.g., sodium hydroxide or sodium
metasilicate, to produce from soapstock of the calcium and magnesium salts, followed by separation of the soapstock, e.g., by
centrifuging. To render the oil suitable for physical refining, the content of calcium and magnesium salts should be reduced to less
than 100 ppm.
Overall, the soybean oil refining process of the present invention comprises the steps of:
of 4 1/29/2007 10.29 AM

Modified physical relining of soybean oil - Patent 6924381
http://www.fteepatentsonline.com/6924381.html
• a) heating soybeans to a temperature of at least 3001 F. in less than 60 seconds;
• b) crushing the soybeans to form a mixture of soybean meal and crude soybean oil;
• c) separating the crude soybean oil from the soybean meal;
• d) mixing the crude soybean oil with water or a weakly acidic solution to form gums of hydratable phospholipids;
• e) separating the gums from the first soybean oil;
• f) intimately mixing the oil from the degummed treatment with a weakly basic aqueous solution to react with the calcium and
magnesium ions to produce soapstock;
• g) separating the soapstock from the soybean oil;
• h) bleaching the soybean oil; and
• i) heating the soybean oil under a vacuum to remove free fatty acids.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
By way of example, cleaned and dehulled soybeans were extruded through an extruder having a 15-inch conduit, with the dwell
time within the conduit being about 30 seconds. During extrusion, the beans were mechanically crushed and frictionally heated to a
temperature of 315' F. to 3350 F. Crushed soybeans exiting the extruder were then pressed to separate most of the oil from the
soybean meal. The separated oil was screened to remove remaining solids prior to the refining process.
The crude soybean oil was then degummed with water containing citric acid and centrifuged to remove gums of the hydratable
phospholipids. The resulting first degummed oil was then intimately mixing with a dilute sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to react
with the calcium and magnesium salts to form soapstock, followed by separation of the soapstock by centrifuging. Sufficient sodium
hydroxide is used to reduce the amount of calcium and magnesium salts to below about 100 ppm. The resultant soybean oil was
then bleached, vacuum dried and filtered. The oil was then physically refined by heating the oil in a distillation column to a
temperature of from about 460° F. to about 4800 F., to distill off the free fatty acids and flavor materials.
Thus, the present invention provides a solvent extraction free, process for producing refined soybean oil that is high in calcium
and/or magnesium is described in which mechanically extracted crude soybean oil is subjected to a two -stage process to separate
hydratable and nonhydratable phospholipids. In the first stage, the crude oil is intimately mixed with water or with a weakly acidic
aqueous solution, e.g., a aqueous solution of citric acid or a similar organic acid, to form gums of the hydratable phospholipids. After
removing the gums from the oil, e.g., by centrifuging, the oil from the first degumming is intimately mixed with a weakly basic
solution, e.g., an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or sodium metasilicate, to produce soapstock and reduce the magnesium
and calcium in the oil to less than 100 ppm, followed by separation of the soapstock, e.g., by centrifuging. Free fatty acids are then
removed through physical refining.
Certain modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the foregoing description. It should
be understood that all such modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability
but are properly within the scope of the following claims.
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Soybean oil process - Patent 7112688
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Title: Soybean oil process
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A solvent extraction free, caustic refining free, process for producing refined soybean oil from soybeans includes the
steps of heating cleaned, cracked and dehulled soybeans at a temperature of from 220.degree. F. to 600.degree. F.
for from 45 to 60 minutes; mechanically pressing the heated soybeans to separate soybean oil; and heating the
extracted oil at a temperature of from about 350.degree. F. to about 500.degree. F. under a vacuum to remove free
fatty acids from the soybean oil.
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Tysinger, Jerry E.; Dawson, Robert B.;
11/201,948
2005-OB-11
2006-09-26
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Carolina Soy Products, LLC (Warsaw, NC)
554/100
426/489
I of 4 1 /29/2007 10:29 AM

Soybean oil process - Patent 7112688
http://www.freepatentsonIine.com/7112688.htmI
International C07C 53/00(20060101)
Classes:
Field of
554/100 426/489
Search:
US Patent
4049686 September 1977 Ringers et al.
References:
4089880 May 1978
Sullivan
4255346 March 1981
Kock
4267118 May 1981
Trueblood et al.
4515726 May 1985
Sullivan
4584141 April 1986
Paulitz et al.
4698185 October 1987
Dijkstra et at.
4808426 February 1989
Strop et al.
4944954 July 1990
Strop et al.
5225230 July 1993
Seaman et al.
5239096 August 1993
Rohdenburg et al.
5362893 November 1994
Muylle et al,
5516924 May 1996
van de Sande et al.
5981781 November 1999 Knowlton
6033706 March 2000
Silkeberg et al.
Primary
Carr; Deborah D.
Examiner:
Attorney,
MacCord Mason PLLC
Agent or
Firm:
Claims:
What is claimed is:
1. A process for producing soybean oil from soybeans containing said oil comprising: a) heating said soybeans at a temperature of
from 220.degree. F. to 260.degree. F. for from 45 to 60 minutes; b) mechanically pressing said soybeans to separate said oil; and
c) heating said separated oil at a temperature of up to about 500.degree. F. under a vacuum to remove free fatty acids from said
soybean oil.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein said soybeans are heated at a temperature of from about 230.degree. F. to about 260.degree. F.
for between 50 and 60 minutes.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein said soybeans are rotated during heating.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein said oil is heated under a vacuum at a temperature of from about 460.degree. F, to about
480.degree. F.
S. The process of claim 1, further including degumming and bleaching said oil following pressing.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein from about 74% to about 76% of the oil is removed from the beans by mechanical pressing.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein said soybean oil contains less than about 0.0S% free fatty acids after distilling.
8. A solvent extraction free, caustic refining free, process for producing refined soybean oil from soybeans comprising: a) heating
said soybeans at a temperature of from 220.degree, F. to 260.degree. F. for from 45 to 60 minutes; b) mechanically pressing said
soybeans to separate said ail, and c) heating said oil at a temperature of from about 350.degree. F. to about 500.degree. F. under a
vacuum to remove free fatty acids from said soybean oil.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein said soybeans are heated at a temperature of from about 230.degree. F. to 260.degree. F. for
between 50 and 60 minutes.
10. The process of claim 8, wherein said oil is heated under a vacuum at a temperature of from about 460.degree. F. to about
480.degree. F.
11. The process of claim 8, further including degumming and bleaching said oil following pressing.
12. The process of claim 8, wherein from about 74% to about 76% of the oil is removed from the beans by mechanical pressing.
13. The process of claim 8, wherein said soybean oil contains less than about 0.05% free fatty acids after distilling.
Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(1) Field of the invention
The present invention relates generally to a process for extracting and refining vegetable oils and to the resultant product, and in
particular to the production by a combination of mechanical extraction and physical refining of non -hydrogenated soybean oil having
an acceptable frylife similar to that of partially hydrogenated soybean oil.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
Soybean oil production involves several steps that are necessary to render the soybean oil suitable for human consumption. These
production steps may be broadly characterized as 1) soybean preparation, 2) oil extraction, and 3) oil refining. Soybean preparation
generally includes the steps of cleaning, drying, cracking, and dehulling.
The great majority of commercial soybean oil production processes extract or separate the oil from the soybean meal by a process
known as solvent extraction. In the solvent extraction process, the prepared beans are first flaked to provide a large surface area. A
solvent, commonly hexane, is then pumped through the soybean flakes to dissolve the oil in the hexane, separating approximately
99.5 % of the oil from the meal. The hexane is then separated from the oil and recycled.
The crude oil resulting from the solvent extraction must then be subjected to additional treatments, collectively called 'refining', to
remove various materials in order for the oil to be suitable for consumption. These materials include hydratable and non-hydratable
phospholipids, free fatty acids, and various color and Flavor components. Crude soybean oil contains phosphorous compounds called
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Soybean oil process - Patent 7112688 http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7112688.html
hydratable phospholipids, and small amounts of calcium and magnesium that complex with a portion of the phospholipids to form
non-hydratable phospholipids. Hydratable phospholipids are normally removed by a process known as "degumming", in which the
oil is agitated or otherwise intimately combined with water to precipitate gums from the oil. The gums are then removed by
centrifugation.
These precipitated gums can be used as a feed additiver or evaporated to remove moisture. The end product, lecithin, has various
end uses such as in food emulsifiers. The degummed oil is dried under vacuum to remove any water. Removal of non-hydratable
phospholipids is considerably more difficult and expensive, requiring further chemical treatment, typically chemical refining, to break
the chemical bonds between the calcium or magnesium ions and the phospholipids, followed with extensive bleaching of the oil.
In most processes, free fatty acids are removed from the oil by a process known as caustic refining, also called chemical or alkali
refining, in which the oil is mixed with a caustic material, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, which undergoes a saponification
reaction with the acids, forming soaps that are then removed by centrifugation. Non-hydratable phospholipids are removed along
with the free fatty acids. Chemical refining soybean oil is an expensive process, requiring a large investment in capital equipment. in
addition, a significant quantity of the oil is captured by the soaps, adversely affecting oil yield. Also, the caustic refining process
produces soapstock, which has little commercial value, and is difficult to dispose of without environmental problems.
Conventional refining processes also involve some bleaching of the soybean oil to remove color pigments that adversely affect the
color of the oil. Finally, chemicals that add flavors to the oil are removed by a process known as "deodorization", which is essentially
a form of physical distilling, in which the oil is subjected to high temperatures under a vacuum for a short period of time, which is
sufficient to remove the flavor -causing components, but insufficient to break down non-hydratable phospholipids.
A major use of soybean oil is in deep frying of foods, such as chicken, fish, french fries, etc., either in the production of pre-cooked
packaged foods, or in the preparation of foods for on -premise or carry -out consumption in restaurants and other commercial
establishments. In deep frying, a container or vat is filled with cooking oil that is heated to a frying temperature, normally around
350.degree. to 375.degree. F. The uncooked food is then immersed in the hot oil for a sufficient time to effect the desired cooking,
and then removed for serving or packaging.
Some of the oil in the vat is last during cooking due to absorption and evaporation, The oil is replenished by adding fresh oil to the
oil remaining in the vat, and the oil is reused. This procedure is repeated until the oil becomes unusable, as indicated by darkening
of the oil and the food cooked in the oil, and/or by the observance of an undesirable taste or appearance in the food being cooked.
Non -hydrogenated soybean oil produced by solvent extraction and caustic refining is unsuitable for use in commercial frying
operations due to its limited frylife. Such oil has a maximum frylife of only about 4 5 fry cycles, a cycle being the frying of one batch
of food. Replacement of the oil at this frequency is uneconomical. In order to extend the frylife of soybean oil to a commercially
acceptable number of fry cycles, preferably at least about 30 fry cycles, refined soybean oil is normally at least partially
hydrogenated. Hydrogenation of solvent extracted, caustic refined soybean oil reduces the percentage of C 18:3 acids. It is
commonly believed that the presence of C 18:3 acids contribute to the rapid deterioration, and thereby limited frylife, of solvent
extracted, caustic refined soybean oil.
Saturation or hydrogenation of C 18:3 acids, however, reduces the healthful properties of soybean oil. Therefore, attempts have
also been made to reduce the C 18:3 or linolenic acid content of soybean oil by genetically modifying or selective breeding the
soybean, thereby enabling the production of non -hydrogenated soybean oil having a C 18:3 content of significantly less than the 6
8% by weight C 18:3 acids, based on the total content of free fatty acids, found in conventional soybeans. U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,781
to Knowlton, issued Nov. 9, 1999, is an example of these generically modified soybeans. This approach, to date, has met with at
most limited success.
Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,690, issued Jan. 28, 2003 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,753,029, issued Jun. 22, 2004, (herein the
"Tysinger et al. patents"), both patents incorporated herein in their entireties by reference, describe an improved refining process
combining mechanical extraction with physical refining. As noted in the Tysinger et al. patents, mechanical oil extraction and
physical refining were previously known separately, but had not been used in combination, and these resultant properties of the
resultant oil had not been appreciated.
In the prior art mechanical oil separation process known as expelling, dehulled beans are extruded through a screw press to
frictionally heat the beans and rupture the oil cells. Within the screw press, the beans are subjected to high pressures and
frictionally -generated high temperatures for a short period. The crushed, oil -containing meal is then pressed to separate most of the
oil from the meal. This process has been rarely used to process soybeans due to the fact that about 25% of the soybean oil is left in
the meal.
Physical refining has been used for oils that are naturally low in non-hydratable phospholipids, such as lauric oils, particularly palm
oil. In physical refining, the oil is vacuum distilled at high temperatures, e.g., from about 450.degree. F. to about 500.degree. F., to
separate more volatile components from the oil. This process is used to remove various Flavor components, and will also remove
free fatty acids. However, the process alone is not viable for removing free fatty acids from oils such as soybean oil, which contains
higher levels, i.e., more than 20 ppm based on elemental phosphorous content, of non-hydratable phospholipids. The high
temperatures required for physical refining tend to break down the non-hydratable phospholipids that are present in the soybean oil,
producing chemical compounds that cause an unacceptable flavor and color.
In the process described in the Tysinger et al. patents, soybean oil is mechanically separated from prepared soybeans by first rapidly
heating the beans to a temperature of from about 300.degree. F. to about 370.degree. F., preferably from about 315.degree. F. to
about 335.degree. F., followed by mechanically pressing the oil from the beans. Desirably, the beans are crushed during or after
heating to assist in freeing the oil from the remainder of the soybeans, i.e., the meal. After degumming and bleaching, the soybean
oil is physically refined to remove free fatty acids and flavor components by heating the oil in a distillation column to a temperature
of from about 450.degree. F. to about 500.degree. F., and preferably for from about 460.degree. F. to about 480.degree. F., to distill
off the free fatty acids and flavor materials.
Tysinger et al. teach that care should he exercised in heating the soybeans at temperatures above about 350.degree. F., since the
oil will tend to scorch, causing an off taste in the final product and a darker color, and that heating the oil to less than 300.degree.
F. will fail to destroy sufficient trypsin inhibitors in the meal. Tysinger et al. also note that the time during which the soybeans are
heated is also important, and that heating of the beans to the desired temperature in at least 10 seconds has been found to achieve
maximum rupture of the oil cells, and thus maximum extraction of oil from the soybeans, while heating of the beans for longer than
about 60 seconds degrades the desirable characteristics of the oil.
The restrictions of the Tysinger et al. process with regard to the desired temperature and time ranges requires careful control of the
process and restricts the type of equipment that can be used during mechanical extraction. It would be desirable to have a process
that was not constrained by these limitations while still producing a mechanically extracted soybean oil that was suitable for
physically refining, thereby achieving an improved soybean oil of the type produced in the earlier Tysinger et al. process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Surprisingly, it has been found that soybean oil that is suitable for physical refining can also be obtained by heating the soybeans at
a significantly lower temperature for a significantly longer time relative to the temperature and time ranges disclosed by Tysinger et
al. Specifically, the present invention comprises the steps of heating soybeans at an elevated temperature of from 220.degree. F. to
of 1/29/2007 10:29 AM

Soybean,oil process - Patent 7112688
hUp://www. freepate ntson I ine.com/71 12688. htm 1
260.degree. F. for a period of from about 45 to about 60 minutes, as opposed to the ranges recommended by Tysinger et al.
Preferably, the soybeans are heated at a temperature of between about 230.degree. F. and 260.degree. F, for between 50 minutes
and 60 minutes. After heating, the oil is mechanically extracted and physically refined to yield extended frylife soybean all.
Heating of soybeans within broad ranges of temperatures and times which partially overlap the ranges used in the present invention
has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,230 to Seaman et al., issued Jul, 6, 1993. The purpose of Seaman et al. is to produce a
soybean meal with an improved protein bypass value, providing better digestion by cattle. However, it has not heretofore been
recognized that heating soybeans within selected portions of these disclosed temperatures and ranges, when used in combination
with physical refining, can result in soybean oil having improved frylife such as previously achieved only with the conditions
described byTysingeret al,
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the practice of the invention, cleaned and dehulled soybeans are heated at a temperature of 220.degree. F. to 260.degree. F. for
a period of from 45 to 60 minutes, preferably, between about 230.degree. F. and 260.degree. F. for between 50 minutes and 60
minutes. Uniform heating of the soybeans may be achieved by heating the soybeans in a rotary kiln, such as the rotary kilns
produced by The Davenport Company, Davenport, Iowa.
After heating, the soybeans are mechanically pressed, e.g., with a screw extruder, also known as an expeller, to remove up to about
74% to about 76% of the oil from the beans, leaving a soybean meal that includes from about 4% to 8% soybean oil, However, this
meal has a substantially higher nutritional value than soybean meal from conventional solvent extraction, with the resultant higher
selling prices at least partially offsetting the oil loss. while not being restricted to any particular theory, it is believed that the oil
residue left in the meal may include components that contribute to the limited frylife of solvent extracted, caustic refined soybean
oil.
The crude soybean oil is then degummed by intimately mixing the crude soybean oil with water, which may contain citric acid or a
similar organic acid, to form gums of the hydratable phospholipids, which are then removed from the crude oil, e.g., by centrifuging.
The degummed oil is then bleached with bleaching materials, such as clay, silica gel, and if needed for damaged beans, sodium
metasilicate. The oil is then vacuum dried and Altered.
At this stage, the oil is a useful product known as refined and bleached oil. However, for many applications it is desirable to further
process the oil to remove free fatty acids and components that contribute to the color and flavor of the oil. In the present process, it
is possible to remove the free fatty acids without the caustic refining required in prior art processes. Instead, the free fatty acids are
removed at the same time as the flavor and color components are removed during physical refining.
As noted earlier, removal of free fatty acids by physical refining has not been feasible due to the large amount of non-hydratable
phospholipids in the oil, which degraded under the high temperatures required for physical distillation. In the present process,
however, the amount of non-hydratable phospholipids is generally less than 2.0 ppm based on the weight of elemental phosphorous
in the compounds as a result of the mechanical extraction. After silica treatment and bleaching, the phosphorous content will be less
than 1 ppm. This insignificant amount of phosphorous has no affect on oil flavor or stability.
During the physical refining stage of the invention, free fatty acids and flavor components are removed from the oil by heating the
oil in a distillation column to a temperature of from about 450.degree. F. to about 500.degree. F., and preferably for from about
460.degree. F. to about 480.degree. F., to distill off the free fatty acids and flavor materials. By industry standards, the final oil
should contain less than about 0.05% free fatty acids.
While the process of the Invention is described with reference to soybean oil, it will be appreciated that the process may be suitably
used in the extraction and refining of oils from other vegetable seeds in addition of soybeans seed, e.g., rape seed, sunflower seed,
corn, etc. The process is also applicable to genetically altered soybeans that yield low linolenic acid.
Certain modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the foregoing description, It should
be understood that all such modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability
but are properly within the scope of the following claims.
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4 of 4 1 /29/2007 10:29 AM

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Sports Whole Harvest Introduces No Trans -fat Pan Spray Made From
Nutrition Non -hydrogenated Sa bean Oil
Nutraceuticals Y
Regulatory 2004-09-27 - Carolina Soy Products
Research
Products Whole Harvest Pan Spray offers a healthier, wholesome alternative to traditional pan sprays that may
Practitioners contain alcohol or water and partially hydrogenated oil
Reta i I
Events (Raleigh, N.C., Sept. 27, 2004...) Carolina Soy Products of Warsaw, N.C., has introduced Whole Harvest
People Pan Spray, the nation's first commercial, expeller -pressed, no trans -fat pan spray made from 100 percent
On-line soybean oil.
LISTINGS The new spray became available to restaurants, food manufacturers and school cafeterias Sept. I as a
Categories healthier, price -competitive alternative to traditional pan sprays made from partially hydrogenated oil.
Products
Profiles Carolina Soy Products decided to formulate and introduce Whole Harvest Pan Spray in response to
Publishers customer demand for a healthy, all -natural pan spray with no trans fatty acids.
OPINION "Many of the commercial kitchens that are currently using the Whole Harvest line of no trans -fat cooking
Editorials oils expressed interest in a healthier pan spray made from non -hydrogenated oil. We found that our
Interviews expeller -pressed oil performed really well as a pan release product," said Earl Ellis, chairman of the board
Discussions for Carolina Soy Products.
View All Whole Harvest pan spray is processed without harsh chemicals and is not hydrogenated. In addition, the
N Recent new pan spray contains no water or alcohol, which is used in many commercial pan sprays to reduce oil
Entries production costs.
Marc Most restaurants use an spray for baking and sautein , preventing food from sticking to
• Ullman FYI p p y g 9 p g g pans and
Blocl EWA baking dishes. Unfortunately, traditional pan sprays that contain partially hydrogenated oil can add
Len Monheit unhealthy fats and chemicals in the process.
Off The In contrast, Whole Harvest all -natural pan spray brings only wholesome ingredients to the cooking
Jim Lassiter process. When used to coat pans and dishes, the new spray will produce food that is clean tasting and
-- Good has an appetizing appearance.
• News/Bad The Whole Harvest Story
News E s
Carolina Soy Products of Warsaw, N.C., introduced Whole Harvest, the nation's first commercial soybean
FEATURES cooking oil with no trans fats, in 2002.
IM Newsletter Since then, the company has seen tremendous growth as Americans become more aware of the health
News Feeds risks associated with eating trans fatty acids including cardiovascular disease, cancer and obesity.
Many restaurants, cafeterias and food manufactures, including the Angus Bam, House of Raeford and
SERVICES North Carolina State University's dining facilities, have responded to this public health concern by
Loco -inn switching to Whole Harvest cooking oil, which is healthier and more cost effective than traditional
Register Use cooking oil.
Add Company
The Whole Harvest line of cooking products includes whole Harvest Culinary Oil, Whole Harvest SmartFry
Career Center and Whole Harvest Pan Spray. Commercial kitchens use Whole Harvest for baking, sauteing and frying as
Discussions well as salad dressings.
Advertise I All Whole Harvest products are processed without harsh chemicals, are not hydrogenated and are
INFO CENTER naturally low in saturated fats. At the same time, Whole Harvest cooking oils and spray are high in
40'. Help Vitamin E and retain the natural Omega-3 fatty acid.
Whole Harvest is made using a patented expeller -pressed, physically refined process. The process does
not use Hexane, a Flammable solvent used in the processing of many commercial and consumer
vegetable oils. As a result, Whole Harvest production does not release harmful gasses into the
environment or require the disposal of contaminated wastes.
Advert�semen[
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oft 1/29/2007 10:30 AM

Re: Carolina Soy Products
!r t;
Subject: Re: Carolina Soy Products
From: Kelly Johnson <[e-mail]>
Date: Wed, 07 Feb 2007 12:21:53 -0500
To: Linda Willis <[e-mail]>
It will go out on Friday.
Kelly
Linda Willis wrote:
No problem Kelly, I just came back from work from being out sick as well. I would
recommend no more than 6 mos. We could probably get away with 3 mos., since they
have an environmental site plan that they claim is very close to a SWP3. They are
working hard on correcting the problems I saw on site when I visited them last
week, so I am not as concerned. If you want to give them 6 mos., I think that is
reasonable. Thanks for your help.
Linda
Kelly Johnson wrote:
Linda,
I am sorry that it has taken
Friday, and have had several
is OK with making them have
you recommend giving them?
COC.
Thanks,
Kelly
Linda Willis wrote:
Ok Kelly,
me a while to get back to you. I was out sick on
other things going on. I talked to Bradley, and he
the SP3 before 12 months. How many months/days do
We will put it in the cover letter rather than the
I visited these guys and they have some issues. Their stormwater pond was
full of waste byproduct from their operations. They are using their
stormwater pond as an emergency spill basin.
I advised them to change that practice immediately. Also told them they must
pump their pond out and dispose of it properly. They were instructed to dam
up the ditch downstream from the pond outlet and clean up everything up
stream of the dam.
You all can still issue the permit, I will stay on top of them to get there
business in order there. Thanks for your patience in this matter.
I would request though, (if we can) to get their SWPPP in place in less time
than 1 year. They need that plan developed *immediately* under the
circumstances. I won't issue an NOV
since I can't prove it went to surface waters, it was in the ditch but they
had the opportunity to dam the ditch and will be cleaning up everything to
that point. I believe this practice
has been going on for some time.
Thanks
Linda Willis
1 of 1 2/7/2007 12:22 PM

Carolin:cts
W� r,
Subject: Carolina Soy Products
From: Linda Willis <[e-mail]>
Date: Thu, 01 Feb 2007 09:13:03 -0500
To: [e-mail]
CC: [e-mail]
Ok Kelly,
1 visited these guys and they have some issues. Their stormwater pond was full of waste byproduct from
their operations. They are using their stormwater pond as an emergency spill basin. .
I advised them to change that practice immediately. Also told them they must pump their pond out and
dispose of it properly. They were instructed to dam up the ditch downstream from the pond outlet and
clean up everything up stream of the dam.
You all can still issue the permit, I will stay on top of them to get there business in order there. Thanks
for your patience in this matter.
I would request though, (if we can) to get their SWPPP in place in less time than 1 year. They need that
plan developed immediately under the circumstances. I won't issue an NOV
since I can't prove it went to surface waters, it was in the ditch but they had the opportunity to dam the
ditch and will be cleaning up everything to that point. I believe this practice
has been going on for some time.
Thanks
Linda Willis
Linda Willis <linda.willis a ncmail.net>
Environmental Engineer I
Surface Water Protection Section
Division Of Water Quality
! of 1 2/6/2007 12:54 PM

Site Visi `intng to NCG060000 permit
A
Subject: Site Visit pertaining to NCG060000 permit
From: Linda Willis <[e-mail]>
Date: Thu, 01 Feb 2007 12:15:47 -0500
To: [e-mail]
CC: ed.beck a ncmail.net, [e-mail]
Hello James,
Just a few items to consider pursuant to our conversation this morning:
1) Please send in writing, all efforts taken by Carolina Soy Products, LLC to properly
dispose of the contents of the pond at the rear of the facility and efforts taken to
prevent any
further discharge from the pond to the ditch (considered Surface Waters of the State)
that discharges to Turkey Creek, until the contents can be disposed of properly. With
this correspondence, please include copies of shipping manifests that show the total #
of gallons disposed of, as well as information showing the # of cu yds of contaminated
soil removed.
2) I requested the central office proceed with issuing the NCG060000 permit to your
facility with the criteria imposed that your SWPPP (Stormwater Pollution Prevention
Plan) be developed in a much shorter
time frame than the required 12 months (since you have some outstanding issues on site
that currently pose a threat to Surface Waters of the State). Since there are areas
of concern open to stormwater contact, this permit would be necessary. This permit
however, is not meant to address industrial discharge (which is what you have when you
are offloading the waste by-product from the holding tanks). Due to the nature of
that wastewater, discharge without treatment would not be an option. Although the
pond was constructed as an emergency spill pond, it's considered a conveyance to
surface waters and is not suitable as constructed for that purpose.
3) Considering the discharge from the boiler blowdown/cooler condensate: Attached is
the NOI (notice of intent) for the boiler blowdown/cooling tower condensate general
permit to cover those discharges (NCG500000). Should you have any questions about
that please go to our website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us, go to applications and
forms and under that category, double click stormwater and it will bring you to the
site that gives all the information regarding the NCGO60000 permit as well as the
NCG500000. Please fill out the NCG500000 and send it in to the Central Office for
coverage under that permit. As mentioned yesterday, you need to resolve the issue of
being able to sample that discharge prior to it's comingling with the pond out back.
Until the issue of the pond being used as an emergency spill pond, your discharge from
the boilers/coolers should be separated and discharge someplace other than that pond.
As it stands, your efforts to clean the contents of the pond will be exacerbated by
the ongoing discharge from your boilers/coolers.
The best remedy is putting measures in place to prevent spills from hitting the ground
at all.
Should you have any questions, give me a call or email.
Thanks
Linda Willis
Linda Willis <linda.willisRncmail.net>
Environmental Engineer 1
Surface Water Protection Section
Division Of Water Quality
I Content -Type: application/pdf
N0I_NCG50.pdf
Content -Encoding: base64
I of 1 2/7/2007 9:31 AM