20061901 Ver 3_401 Application_20091009

OLDHAM PLANNING $ DESIGN AssOCiATE$, INC,
TRANSMITTAL
DATE: 1 0/ 1 6/09
ATTENTION: NC DWQ, 401 /WETLANDS UNIT
.......................................................................................
COMPANY: 1650 Mall Service Center
.......................................................................................
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
PHONE #:
.......................................................................................
FAX #:
.......................................................................................
PROJECT NAME: Versant
......................................................................................
NUMBER OF
PAGES OR SETS
5 Copies
THESE ARE TRANSMITTED:
to-i9oi v3
LAND PLANNING
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
URBAN DESIGN
CONTENT METHOD
E]ORIGINALS ? FEDEX
PRINTS F] COURIER
CD r] US MAIL
?E DOCUMENT F] FACSIMILE
OTHER HAND DELIVER
DATE DESCRIPTION (IF ENCLOSURES ARE NOT AS NOTED, PLEASE NOTIFY THE SENDER AT ONCE.)
10/08/09 PCN Package
?¦ FOR YOUR USE AS REQUESTED
IR@ / 11
i
O C T I W' 2009
DENR - WATER QJAL'TY
WETLANDS AND STQRIA NIATERt BRANCH
?¦ FOR REVIEW AND COMMENT
REMARKS / SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
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IrM
SENT BY: Beth Babe
COPY(CC):
1415 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, SUITE I CHARLOTTE, NC 28203 704.342.1919 2 704.342.2025 LA----J WWW.OPDA.COM

Town of Woodfin
Buncombe County, North Carolina
' Pre-Construction Notification (PCN)
& Supporting Documentation

Prepared for:
Versant Properties, LLC
1 c/o Mr. Ben Goldstein, Manager
The Advisory Group

' 1122 Oberlin Road
Ralei
h
NC 27605
g
,

Prepared by:
Oldham Planning & Design Associates, Inc.
1415 South Church St, Suite i
' Charlotte, NC 28203
[phone]

October 8, 2009

0 W DJ,
r C T 1) 2009
DFNR -WATER OUAUTY
WETUNDS AND STORMWuATElR BRANCH
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Agent Authorization Form
1 • Cover Letter
• Pre-Construction Notification Form (PCN) - Completed
• Exhibits
1 • Related Documentation

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I PROPERTY LEGAL DESCRIPTION:
AGENT AUTHORIZATION FORM
LOT NO. PLAN NO. PARCEL ID: 9741.10-35-0013
Town of Woodfin
Buncombe, County, NC
STREET ADDRESS: 3 Versant Drive
Asheville, NC, 28804
' Please print:
Property Owner: Versant Properties, LLC
c1o Ben Goldstein, Manager
The Advisory Group
Properly Owner:
' The undersigned, registered property owners of the above noted property, do hereby authorize
Art Oldham and/or Beth Baileyof Oldham Planning & Design Associates. Inc.
1 (Contractor / Agent) (Name of consulting firm)
to act on my behalf and take all actions necessary for the processing, Issuance and acceptance of
' this permit or certification and any and all standard and special conditions attached.
'
Property Owner
s Address (if different than property above):
Ben Goldstein
' Manager
fie Advisory Group
' 11232 Oberlin Road
Raleigh, NC 27605
Telephone: [phone]
We hereby certify the above information submitted in this application is true and accurate to the
best of our knowledge.

' /* Uk--?
' Authorized Signature
Date: 1 JLJ JI)y

LAND PI.. ANN.NC,
L-r RSAN A.C ISe$ES ARCHlTCCtlIRE
RBICN
' w mm 10 16, ??? U
OLDHAM PLANNING & DmcN fiSSOCIAIES, INC.
' October 15, 2009
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
US Army Corps of Engineers
151 Patton Avenue
' Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
' NC DWQ, 401 / Wetlands Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
NC Wildlife Resources Commission
Mountain Region Coordinator
20830 Great Smoky Mtn. Expressway
Waynesville, NC 28786
Re: Versant Drive Construction - PCN
Versant Subdivision
' Town of Woodfin, Buncombe County, North Carolina
Dear Sir or Madam,
' Please find enclosed a completed PCN Form, supporting Exhibits and Related
Documentation for the above-mentioned project for your consideration. The
community is locally approved and currenfly zoned for this development. A,
present, this gated community will provide single-family residential tots, a
gatehouse, and a rustic walking trail along a portion of an existing central
stream, referred to in previous ccr espondence as Baird Cove Creek.
EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS
1 The Versant site is located at the end of Baird
o Cove Road, off Mernmon Avenue,
1 between Asheville and Woodfin. A good portion of the 397-acre site has be-n
logged, resulting in a mixed pine/oak/hickory forest cover with numerous
logging roads and trails crossing the terrain. Elevc.tions range from
' approximately 2400 feet at the lowest end of Baird Cove Creek to 2960 feet
along the highest ridge. The topography is moderate to steep, with areas along
lower steep slopes, north-facing slopes, and along stream banks having a more
natural community assemblage with a higher plant species diversity and
abundance.
1415 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, SUITE I CHARLOTTE, NC 28203 V 704.342.1919 _ 704.342.2025 1 W WW.C)PUn.COM
A Section 404, Nationwide #29 General Permit Verification (Action ID# 2008-
00526) was issued for this project`on April 15, 2008, which included this work and
other impacts to create amenity features in certain locations along the stream
corridor. A special condition was issued to mitigate for unavoidable wetland
and stream impacts by payment to the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP).
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Not long after receipt of this permit, the local and national economy began to
decline, the project fell into financial trouble, and the payment to the NCEEP
was not made. On November 11, 2008, an involuntary petition was filed under
Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in the US Bankruptcy Court of the Western
District of North Carolina, Asheville Division.
The existing zoning approval for Versant allows 171 singe family lots, up to 200
multi-family units, and a neighborhood 'village' amenity. However, the scope c;
the original development plan has been significantly reduced as a result of the
bankruptcy filing. All plans for areas designated as "Future" in the attached
Exhibits have been eliminated since the future real estate market for additional
lots beyond Phase 1 cannot be determined. Specific to the work authorized in
the Nationwide Permit #2008-00526, eliminated items are the pond, the water
feature, and the installation of one culvert for a future phase roadway. This
leaves only the extension of five existing culverts to be completed, illustrated in
the attached Exhibits. section. The iota; impact for this remaining work is 144
linear feet of stream corridor, which falls under the mitigation thresholds of both
the Corps and DWQ as described in the PCN Form Instructions and linked
websites.
Should you have any questions or require additional information or explanation:
please feel free to contact me or Art Oldham at the number listed below.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
Beth Bailey, RLA, ASLA
Principal
Oldham Planning & Design Associates, Inc.
1415 South Church St, Suite i
Charlotte, NC 28203
[phone]
On behalf of Versant Properties, LLC

W ATE9O?
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Office Use Only: T
Corps action ID no. O
DWQ project no. M
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Pre-Construction Notification (PCN) Form
A. Applicant Information
1. Processing
1 a. Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps: ? Section 404 Permit ? Section 10 Permit
1b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: #29 or General Permit (GP) number:
1c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps? ? Yes ? No
1 d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
? 401 Water Quality Certification - Regular ? Non-404 Jurisdictional General Permit
? 401 Water Quality Certification - Express ? Riparian Buffer Authorization
1 e. Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required? For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
? Yes ? No For the record only for Corps Permit:

? Yes ? No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in-lieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in-lieu
fee program. ? Yes ? No
1 g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below. ? Yes ? No
1 h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)? ? Yes ? No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project: Versant Drive Construction
2b. County: Buncombe
2c. Nearest municipality / town: Woodfin
2d. Subdivision name: Versant
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no:
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed: Versant Properties, LLC
3b. Deed Book and Page No. Bk 4300, Pg 726-734
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable): Ben Goldstein, Manager
The Advisory Group
3d. Street address: 1122 Oberlin Road
3e. City, state, zip: Raleigh, NC 27605
3f. Telephone no.: 919-755-5812
3g. Fax no.: 919-828-6095
3h. Email address: [e-mail]
Page 1 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is: ? Agent ? Other, specify:
4b. Name:
4c. Business name
(if applicable):
4d. Street address:
4e. City, state, zip:
4f. Telephone no.:
4g. Fax no.:
4h. Email address:
5. Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name: Art Oldham and/or Beth Bailey
5b. Business name
(if applicable): Oldham Planning & Design, Associates, Inc.
5c. Street address: 1415 South Church St, Suite i
5d. City, state, zip: Charlotte, NC, 28203
5e. Telephone no.: 704-342-1919
5f. Fax no.: 704-342-2025
5g. Email address: arto(aD_opda.com/bethb(cDopda.com
Page 2 of 12

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B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID): 9741.10-35-0013
Latitude: 35.65774° N Longitude: - 82.54263° W
1 b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees): (DD.DDDDDD) (-DD.DDDDDD)
1 c. Property size: 397.030 acres
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to UT of Beaverdam Creek & UT6 of Herron's Cove Creek
proposed project:
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water: C
2c. River basin: French Broad
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
Former agricultural land & forested areas, developing subdivisions, and commercial areas.
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property: 0.8567 Ac
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property: ± 7,000 LF
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
To provide permanent, all-weather vehicular access from an existing Gatehouse to Phase 1 roadways and a loop road to
serve Future Phases, utilizing the corridor of an existing logging road.
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Versant is a gated residential development. Phase 1 consists of single-family lots, a Gatehouse, and roadways serving
all Phase 1 lots. Development in Future Phases is, at this point, unknown based upon market changes and project
Chapter 11 status. Permanent access to all parts of the site (Phase 1 and Future Development) will be via the access
road described here, and will consist of the improvement of an existing logging road and existing culverts to meet
minimum county road standards. Conventional road grading/paving equipment will be used, attending to all required,
appropriate sediment and erosion control measures.
4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property / ? Yes ? No ? Unknown
project (including all prior phases) in the past?
Comments:
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
? Preliminary ? Final
of determination was made?
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas? Agency/Consultant Company: Leonard S. Rindner, PLLC
Name (if known): Leonard S. Rindner Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
Delineation field-verified 31912006 by David Baker, USA CE - Asheville Regional Office
Approved Jurisdictional Determination, File #2008-00526, Dated April 15, 2008, attached.
Page 3 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
B. Project Information and Prior Project History
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for ? Yes ? No ? Unknown
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
- ACOE Action ID # 200533060 General Permit (Reg & Nationwide) Verification Nationwide Permit # 3, Issue Date:
December 1, 2005
- Application for ACOE Permit (Individual), application date: December 9, 2006, withdrawn: September 2007.
- ACOE Action ID 2008-00526 Nationwide Permit #29, application date: February 3, 2008; Issue Date: April 15, 2008
- DWQ Water Quality Certification DWQ Project # 06-1901; application date: February 3, 2008; Certification With
Conditions letter, version 3, issue date: April, 29, 2008.
As listed above, a wetland delineation was conducted for Versant and field-verified by David Baker of the USACE - Asheville
Regional Office on March 9, 2006. The mapped wetlands and streams were utilized in the planning and design of a master
plan that resulted in the submittal on December 9, 2006, of an Individual Permit Application to the USACE and the NCDENR.
Proposed impacts included approximately 1,250 linear feet of stream impacts and approximately 0.40 acres of wetland
impacts. Three in-line ponds were proposed. The Individual Permit Application was formally withdrawn in September 2007
because the master plan was extensively redesigned to avoid and minimize impacts to within the Nationwide Permit #29
thresholds. Subsequently, the above-noted Nationwide Permit #29 was applied for and issued.
Since the Nationwide Permit #29 was issued, Versant has entered Chapter 11 Bankruptcy. As a result, the master plan has
been revised to omit any development beyond Phase 1 shown on the attached Site Plan, as well as eliminate the pond and
water feature stated in the permit. Additional permit requests are not anticipated for Phase 1, or any Future phases.
However, if additional impacts are required in Future phases, a PCN will be submitted as required. If any Future Crossings
are required, they are likely to be spanned over streams to avoid further impacts, and will be designed in accordance with
NCDENR requirements.
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project? ?Yes ? No
6b. If yes, explain. This notification is for Phase 1 of the subdivision. Development plans for areas labeled as `Future' on the
attached site plans are unknown, but the roads built in Phase 1 will provide access to all parts of the site and will not likely
result in further impacts. However, if additional impacts are required in Future phases, a PCN will be submitted as
required.
Page 4 of 12

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C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1 a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
? Wetlands ? Streams - tributaries ? Buffers
? Open Waters ? Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. 2e. 2f.
Wetland impact Type of jurisdiction
number - Type of impact Type of wetland Forested (Corps - 404, 10 Area of impact
Permanent (P) or (if known) DWQ - non-404, other) (acres)
Temporary T
W1 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
? Yes ? Corps
W2 ? P ? T ? No ? DWQ
? Yes ? Corps
W3 ? P ? T ? No ? DWQ
W4 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W5 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W6 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a. 3b. 3c. 3d. 3e. 3f. 3g.
Stream impact Type of impact Stream name Perennial Type of jurisdiction Average Impact
number - (PER) or (Corps - 404, 10 stream length
Permanent (P) or intermittent DWQ - non-404, width (linear
Temporary (T) (INT)? other) (feet) feet)
S1 ? P ? T Culvert geaverUT-1 to
dam Creek vl'
?INTR ?CDWQ 3 +52
S2 ? P ? T Culvert BeaverUT-1 to
dam Creek V
?PNTR ?CDWQ 3 +11

S3 ? P ? T
Culvert UT-1 to

Beaverdam Creek ? PER

? INT ? Corps

? DWQ
2.5
+43
S4 ? P ? T Culvert BeaverUT-1 to
dam Creek V
?PNTR ?CDWQ 2.5 +38
S5 ? P ? T Culvert UT-1 to V
R C 2 +0
Beaver
dam Creek ?INT ?
DWQ
S6 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts +144
3i. Comments: See attached exhibit titled "Stream Crossings: Replacements"
Page 5 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individual) list all open water impacts below.
4a. 4b. 4c. 4d. 4e.
Open water Name of waterbody
impact number - (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody type Area of impact (acres)
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
01 ?P?T
02 ?P?T
03 ?P?T
04 ?P?T
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If and or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a. 5b. 5c. 5d. 5e.
Wetland Impacts (acres) Stream Impacts (feet) Upland
Pond ID Proposed use or purpose (acres)
number of pond
Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded
P1
P2
5f. Total
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
? Yes ? No If yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If an impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
? Neuse ?Tar-Pamlico ? Other:
Project is in which protected basin? ? Catawba ? Randleman
6b. 6c. 6d. 6e. 6f. 6g.
Buffer impact
number - Reason Buffer Zone 1 impact Zone 2 impact
Permanent (P) or for Stream name mitigation (square feet) (square feet)
Temporary T impact required?
B1 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B2 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B3 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
6h. Total buffer impacts
6i. Comments:
Page 6 of 12

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D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1 a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
The Phase 1 site plan was designed to make use of as many of the existing logging roads as possible, and incorporate
them into the new road system that serves Phase 1 and any future development. Since work in this project will establish
primary road access to areas of future development, no other impacts are anticipated.
Stream Crossings were proposed only in locations where culverts already existed on the logging roads. Designs to
replace inadequate, failing culverts were done per Item 13 in the WQC # 3705 to ensure continuity of water movement
and low flow passage of water and aquatic life, and extended only as required to meet minimum County road standards.
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
In addition to the Standard Erosion and Sediment Control Practices as described in WQC #3705, "Filtrex" mulch-filled
"socks" were utilized as check dams in swales, as filters around storm inlets, and as silt fencing in areas of steep slope.
This aided in minimizing clearing in general, especially in areas of steep slope. Varying in diameter from 8" to 12" and in
lengths adjusted to meet the requirements of the site application, the "socks" were used singly or in stacks configured as
a wall. "Filtrex" was placed by hand between existing trees in a serpentine fashion, eliminating the need for machine
clearing or other disturbance to accommodate placement. Since it is placed directly on the ground, no trenching or
burying was required to disturb existing forest floor. The "Filtrex" sock and its contents decompose naturally into the soil,
so no disturbances related to removal are generated. In locations at the toe of roadway fill slopes and at the edges of
road ROW clearing, the socks were seeded with the same native grass mix as disturbed slopes for an extra step of
erosion control.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for ? Yes ? No
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State?
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply): ? DWQ ? Corps
? Mitigation bank
2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
El Payment to in-lieu fee program
project?
? Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank:
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter) Type Quantity
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In-lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in-lieu fee program is attached. ? Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested: linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature: ? warm ? cool ?cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only): square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4f. Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested: acres
4h. Comments:
Page 7 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) - required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires
buffer mitigation? ? Yes ? No
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.

Zone 6c.
Reason for impact 6d.
Total impact
(square feet)
Multiplier 6e.
Required mitigation
(square feet)
Zone 1 3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2 1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in-lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 8 of 12

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E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1 a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified ? Yes ? No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1 b. If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
? Yes ? No
Comments:
2. Stormwater Management Plan
130.8 Ac, Total Area, Phase 1
2a. What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project? _ 14.51 Ac Impervious, Phase 1
11 % Total Imperviousness
2b. Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan? ? Yes ? No
2c. If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why:
i. Phase 1 is solely single-family residential, and is held to a maximum of 15% impervious per lot per county ordinance.
Lots average 1.5 acres. 75% of Phase 1 land area is at greater than 30% slope, so buildable area per lot is very
limited. Projected house footprints plus driveways average .11 acres, so the more realistic impervious percentage per
lot is around 7.5%.
ii. Storm water is transported primarily via vegetated swales per the NCDENR BMP Manual.
Iii. No development plans exist beyond Phase 1. However, if future plans call for development with imperviousness that
will exceed the 24% threshold in any drainage area, a Stormwater Management Plan will be created in accordance
with the most recent version of the NCDENR BMP Manual and submitted as required.
2d. If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:
? Certified Local Government
2e. Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan? ? DWQ Stormwater Program
? DWQ 401 Unit
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project? Buncombe Co.
? Phase II
3b. Which of the following locally-implemented stormwater management programs ? NSW
? USMP
apply (check all that apply): ? Water Supply Watershed
? Other:
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been ? Yes ? No
attached?
4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review
? Coastal counties
? HQW
4a. Which of the following state-implemented stormwater management programs apply ? ORW
(check all that apply):
? Session Law 2006-246
? Other:
4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
attached? ? Yes ? No
Page 9 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
C. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ), continued
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a. Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements? ? Yes ? No
5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met? ? Yes ? No
Page 10 of 12
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F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1 a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the ? Yes ® No
use of public (federal/state) land?
1 b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State ? Yes ? No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1 c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
? Yes ? No
letter.)
Comments:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards, ? Yes ® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200)?
2b. Is this an after-the-fact permit application? ® Yes ? No
2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s): "Non-compliance
status" has been triggered because, under the current Nationwide Permit #29 dated April 15, 2008, payment for mitigation
was not made to the NCEEP before work was performed.
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in ? Yes ® No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b. If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
Versant has been rezoned by the Town of Woodfin to respond to economic and population growth in the area. As shown
in the attached Site Plan, future development beyond Phase 1 is unknown. If developed at all, it will likely follow the
single-family development patterns of Phase 1, and is very unlikely to include any commercial development. And, since
the community lies at the end of a local road with a single access point, it is very unlikely to have any influence on
regional growth patterns.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
Municipal Facilities
Page 11 of 12
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or ? Yes ® No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act ? Yes ® No
impacts?
?
Raleigh
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted.
? Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
"Protected Species Survey, Habitat Assessment, and Aquatic Stream Survey: Versant / Baird Cove Tract" by
Environmental Assessment and Planning dated August 6, 2006 & NC Natural Heritage Program Heritage Data. See
attached copy.
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat? ? Yes ® No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
"Protected Species Survey, Habitat Assessment, and Aquatic Stream Survey: Versant / Baird Cove Tract" by
Environmental Assessment and Planning dated August 6, 2006. See attached copy.
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation ? Yes ® No
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
"Background Study fo Cultural Resources Associated with Baird Cove Road Tract, Buncombe County, North Carolina" by
Cultural Resources Assessment Group dated March 2006. See attached copy.
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain? ? Yes ® No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements:
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? FEMA Firm Panel 37021 C 0187. See attached
Firmette.

Applicant/Agent's Printed Name Applicant/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant
is provided.)
Page 12 of 12
? EXHIBITS
1
' • Vicinity Map
• USGS Map - 1:24,000 Weaverville Quad
' • Named Streams on USGS Asheville 1:100,000 Map
• Aerial View
• Wetlands Survey
' • Proposed Site Plan

' • Proposed Site Plan (Enlargement #1)
• Proposed Site Plan (Enlargement #2)
t • Stream Crossings: Replacements
• Stream Crossings: Replacements Relative to Proposed Roads

• Stream Crossing #I for Versant
' • Stream Crossing #2 for Versant
• Stream Crossing #3 for Versant
St
C
i
#4 f
V
t
• ream
ross
ng
or
ersan
' • Stream Crossing #5 for Versant

1

EXHIBITS
1
r • Vicinity Map
• USGS Map - 1:24,000 Weaverville Quad
r N
• amed Streams on USGS Asheville 1:100,000 Map
r • Aerial View
• Wetlands Survey
r • Proposed Site Plan
r • Proposed Site Plan (Enlargement #1)
• Proposed Site Plan (Enlargement #2)
r • Stream Crossings: Replacements

r • Stream Crossings: Replacements Relative to Proposed Roads
• Stream Crossing # 1 for Versant
' • Stream Crossing #2 for Versant
• Stream Crossing #3 for Versant
r St
• ream Crossing #4 for Versant
' • Stream Crossing #5 for Versant
r
1
r
r
r
r
?
? tI
OJ fl la
y Cove
N. - - Rd.
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PROJECT VICINITY
Noartt
Oldham Planning & Design
E1415 S. Church Street
Suite i
OLDHAM 704.342.1919
fIANNINN ! DEdINM
1ff OCIATFf ZINC
VICINITY MAP
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
(Not To Scale)
October 2009

TO HENDERSONVILLE
REGIONAL LOCATION
VERSANT SITE
LAT /LONG: 35.65774°N, 82.54263°w
USGS Weaverville 1:24,000 Map
IhOld" Oldham Planning & Design
' 1415 S. Church Street
Suite i
°1NNI D HNE I Y 704.342.1919
' A330CIAT11,INc
USGS MAP
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
(Not To Scale)
October 2009
VERSANT SITE
LAT /LONG: 35.65774°N, 82.542630w
USGS Asheville 1:100,000 Map
¦

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7
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Oldham Planning & Design
1415 S. Church Street
Suite i
oA iI D Ho A w 704.342.1919
A 550 CIA TE 3, I NC
NAMED STREAMS
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC '
)Not To Scale)
October 2009 '
I ? ?5
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Oldham Planning & Design
' 1415 S. Church Street
Suite i
OLDHAM 704.342.1919
A$$0111?t11aT.ll.,.:cM
1f10
AERIAL VIEW
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
1"= 1,200'
October 2009
aiH neo vaui.I ;Irc, u =
Nvmow v q IN
HIM GZHVIIAMd
uJE?o6s NOIIV3NI'IHa UNVII3,11 Y-?;aHJ,llcl _IX dl? ---- - - - - - - -
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2?3

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REPLACED CROSSING
(CROSSING #3)
SEE ''STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS"
REPLACED CROSSING
(CROSSING #2)
SEE ''STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS"
F SITE PLAN ENLARGEMENT # I -
' Y
FUTURE

REPLACED CROSSING
(CROSSING #4)
SEE "STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS''
REPLACED CROSSING
(CROSSING #5)
SEE "STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS''
I
FUTURE
i
I
- FUTURE
PHASE LINE
APPROXIMATE VERSANT DRIVE PROJECT AREA
SITE PLAN ENLARGEMENT #2 JI
WATER TANK ACCESS ROAD - GRAVEL
COMMUNITY WATER TANK
ATEHOUSE
REPLACED CROSSING
(CROSSING # 1)
SEE ''STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS"
NORTH
Oldham Planning & Design
' 1415 S. Church Street
Suite i
°. it D HDIMON A 0 704.342.1919
' /SSOC11713,I11C
PROPOSED SITE PLAN
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
I" = 1000'
%AAAAMM Oldham Planning & Design PROPOSED SI I E FLAN
1415 S. Church Street (ENLARGEMENT #1)
Suite i VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
OLDHAM 1 -600'
PLAMNINd 1 DESIGN 704.342.1919
ASSOCII TlS,INC

t
I

1

1-1
11

'fl
WATER TANK ACCESS ROAD -GRAVEL
COMMUNITY WATER TANK
REPLACED CROSSING
(CROSSING #5)
SEE "STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS"
M
PHASE LINE '
REPLACED CROSSING I
(CROSSING #3)
SEE "STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS" '
I--
? EPHEMERAL DITCH
{ REPLACED CROSSING
(CROSSING #4) 1
\ SEE "STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS"
?. /
STREAM CORRIDOR
HASE 1 FUTURE
I
FUTURE
Oldham Planning & Design
' 1415 S. Church Street
Suite i
O L D H A M
' ?LANNINf A DNAIAN 704.342.1919
A 560 CIA, 16,INC
PROPOSED SITE PLAN
(ENLARGEMENT #2)
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
^ 1 " _ 600'
#2
V
#l.
EXISTING STREAM CROSSINGS REPLACED
CULVERT REPLACEMENT IMPACT
CROSSING dI +52
CROSSING E2 + 11
CROSSING N3 + 43
CROSSING #4 + 38'
CROSSING E5 +0'
TOTAL REPLACEMENT
IMPACT + 144
EXISTING LOGGING ROADS
FF /-- EXISTING LOGGING TRAILS
SE LINE
ff-0. 0-+ ii k?i ij 1
+43'
(74 if)
If (S1 lf)
NONTH
NOTES:
1. XX If (YYIf) reflects LOGGING ROAD STREAM CROSSING IMPACTS DUE TO CULVERT REPLACEMENTS
REFLECTED IN THE SURVEY PREPARED BY WEBB A. MORGAN & ASSOCIATES, DATED MAY 16, 2000, as compared to
(SURVEYED FIELD CONDITIONS AS OF SEPTEMBER 2007).
2. ALL REPLACED STREAM CROSSINGS ARE AT EXISTING LOGGING ROAD CROSSING LOCATIONS.
Oldham Planning & Design STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS
1415 S. Church Street
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
Suite i (Not To Scale)
704.342.1919 October 2009
OLDHAM NAA 1 S,1 G
ASSO G I 7 NN
1
1
1
1

r

? G
i
PHASE LINE
FUTURE
II I
FUTURE
?? i
REPLACEMENT CROSSINGS #3, #4, & #5.
SEE "STREAM CROSSINGS - REPLACEMENTS"
WATER TANK ACCESS ROAD
COMMUNITY WATER TANK
REPLACEMENT CROSSINGS # 1 & #2.
SEE "STREAM CROSSINGS - REPLACEMENTS"
NORTH
Oldham Planning & Design
' 1415 S. Church Street
Suite i
O L D H A M
11ANN14. A DSSINN 704.342.1919
' ASS O C 1 AT A S.INC
STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS
RELATIVE TO PROPOSED ROADS
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
(Not To Scale)
October 2009
PROPOSED ROADS
SCALE: 1"=50'
WATER ELEVATION
EXISTING SURFACE
247
470
2460-...._. .__...._.. ._.. . - " . ' ...... '
PROPOSED STEP POOLS ..............
'
(TYP) .........
SEE FIGURE #2 OF
KIMLEY-HORN REPORT ?450_.._. 2450
PRELIMINARY
NOT RELEASED
SCALE: 1"=50' HORIZONTAL FOR
1"=20' VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION
STREAM CROSSING NO. 1 FOR
200 SWANNANOA RIVER RD
ASHEVILLE, NC 28805
VERSANT PHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]
CIVIL DESIGN CONCEPTS, PA
WOODFIN, NORTH CAROLINA www.civildesigneoncepts.com
1
1
1
1
' a
r , - 40 LF OF 48" CMP ®3.99
/ t INV IN 2486.3
> INV OUT 2484.7 --?
SCALE: 1"=50'
A
f
f fl
WATER ELEVATION
EXISTING SURFACE
40 LF OF 48" CMP '® 3.990
INV IN 2486.3
INV OUT 2484.7
I i
................................
i
. _.........' ...................................:...............................
2470-----
0+00
CROSSING-2
SCALE: 1"=50' HORIZONTAL
1"=20' VERTICAL
STREAM CROSSING NO. 2 FOR
VERSANT
WOODFIN, NORTH CAROLINA
........ -2470
1+00
PRELIMINARY
NOT RELEASED
FOR
CONSTRUCTION
?
200 SWANNANOA RIVER RD.
ASHEVILLE , NC 28805
PHONE (82
PHONE [phone]
CIVIL DESIGN CONCEPTS, PA FAX [phone]
? `?? www.civildesfgnconcepts.com
2613 LF OF 30" CMP ® 4244.7%
INV IN 2611.3-----7,
INV OUT -1.2
SCALE: 1"=50
SCALE: 1"=50' HORIZONTAL
1"=20' VERTICAL
PRELIMINARY
NOT RELEASED
FOR
CONSTRUCTION
STREAM CROSSING NO. 3 FOR
200 SWANNANOA RIVER RD.
VERSANT ASHEVILLE, NC 28805
cac PHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]
CIVIL DESIGN CONCEPTS, PA
WOODFIN, NORTH CAROLINA www.civildesignconcepts.com
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
?._
Z
DZI Lr yr pro tmr %v i
INV IN 2725.1
i INV OUT 2718.3

SCALE: 1"=50'
59 LF OF 48" CMP 0 11.3%
INV 4N 2725.1
INV OUT 2718.3
EXISTING SURFACE -
2740-.-_......_...
WATER ELEVATION
PROPOSED STEP POOLS
(TYP)
SEE FIGURE #2 OF
KIMLEY-HORN REPORT
27

740
730
2720
2710-- --2710
0+00 1+00
CROSSING-4
SCALE: 1"=50' HORIZONTAL
-1"=20' VERTICAL

PRELIMINARY
NOT RELEASED
FOR
CONSTRUCTION
STREAM CROSSING NO. 4 FOR
200 SWANNANOA RIVER RD.

VERSANT ASHEVILLE, NC 28806
PHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]
CIVIL DESIGN CONCEPTS, PA
WOODFIN, NORTH CAROLINA ?? www.civildesignconcepts.com

SCALE: 1"=50'
51 LF OF 24" CMP 0 6.5%
INV IN 2780.2
INV OUT 2777.0
EXISTING SURFACE
WATER ELEVATION -n
00
2790-.._ 2790
2780-......._ _ _ .. .. ?-2780
2770-- ! .--2770
2760-- _ L _.. 2760
0+00 1+00 1+50
CROSSING-5
SCALE: 1"=50' HORIZONTAL
1"=20' VERTICAL
PRELIMINARY
NOT RELEASED
FOR
CONSTRUCTION
STREAM CROSSING NO. 5 FOR
200 SWANNANOA RIVER RD.
VERSANT ASHEVILLE, NC 28805
cac PHONE [phone]
FAX [phone]
CIVIL DESIGN CONCEPTS, PA
WOODFIN, NORTH CAROLINA www.civildesignconcepts.com
RELATED DOCUMENTATION
Copies of:
• USACOE General Permit Verification, Action ID #2005-33060
• Application Form from "Individual Permit Report & Supporting
'
Documentation", withdrawn September 2007
• USACOE General Permit Verification, Action ID # 2008-00526
• DWQ Project #06-1901 Version 3 Modification: Approval of 401
' Water Quality Certification with Additional Conditions
• "Protected Species Survey, Habitat Assessment, and Aquatic
1 Stream Survey, Versant/Baird Cove Tract" by Environmental
Assessment and Planning & C. Reed Rossell, Jr., Certified Wildlife
Biologist, dated August 6, 2006
• "Background Study of Cultural Resources Associated with Baird
Cove Road Tract, Buncombe County, North Carolina" by
Cultural Resources Assessment Group, dated March 2006
1
• Flood Insurance Rate Map #37021 COI 87 C, Panel 187 of 550,
' Buncombe County, North Carolina and Incorporated Areas

U3/ 1:)/ZVVO ZZ: 19 run OLOLDAAYYA '?O •+ °-•-----° -°" • "' v
1 01
1 U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
1 Action M. 200533060 County; H eo USGS Quad: WeavervW
GENERAL PERMIT (REGIONAL AND NATIONWIDE) VERIFICATION
Property Owner / Authoriwd Agent: Detbaran Development Company, xnc.
Addztss; Post Office Sox 31882
Charlotte, North Cs"fina 28231
Telepbvne No.; 7WS02-1019
Size and location dproperty (water body, road narneinu tuber, town, etc.): The prolect site is heated off
1 Baird Cove Rosd L n Buncombe Qw ft North C gMlb a„
Description of projects area and activity: ?his Elm ?pnYO?teh? 78 Ham feet of
.. - ed tilts bame-vibm for a dfl"Wa into the
s"m `. Bain! Cove Subdividgi t.
Applicable Law: Section 404 (Clean Water Act, 33 USC 1344)
Sestina 10 (Rivas mad Hotbasa Act, 33 USC 403)
A izatim Regional General Permit Nmnber:
Nationwide Permit Number: 03
1 Your weak is authorized by the above rdbienced permit provided it is aexon>plisitad in strict acomnlawce with the
attached Nationwide and Special conditions. the attached Oceobet 31, 2005 North Carolina Wildlife Reesomccos
Cozmniasion conditions, and your subm, "' I plans. Any vMxdmn of the attached conditions or dCviation from your
1 submitted plans may subject the permittee to a stop weak order. a restoration order and/or appropriate legal action.
This vanficatioa is valid until the NWP a modifie4 relented, or revoked. All of the existing NWPe cure
scheduled to be nwdi8md, reissued, or ravokmd prior to Mach 18, 2007, it is incwnbent upon you to remain
1 bfi rmed of changes to the NWPs. We will ism a public notice wht n the NWPs are reissued. Furthatmore, if you
commence or are under contract to commence this aetiv"r b*n the date brat the relevant nationwide permit is
modified or revoked, you will have twelve (12) rumba firers the date of the modification or revocation of the NW
1 to complete the activity under the presemrt berms and conditions of this nationwide permit. If prior to the expiration
date identified below, the nationwide permit and odation is reissued and/or modified, this verification will remain
valid until the expiration date identified below. pmvidad it dies with all now and/or wonted terms and
conditions. Tire District P.agineer may, at any tirej exercise his discretionary authority to modify, 8usVAA or
revoke a-cue specific activity's authorization under and NwP.
Activities subject to Section 404 (as indicated above) may slip require an individual Section 401 Water Quality
GatiScation. You should contact the NC Division pf Water Quality (telepbone [phone]) to detexmane
' Section 401 tequiaamems.
For activities occurring within the twenty coasW counties subject to regulation under the Coastal Area
' Manapmect Act (CAMA), prior to beginning work you must contact the N.C. Division of Coastal Management .
This Department of the Army verification does not relieve the perm ittee of the responsibility to obtain any other
required Federal, State or local approvals/permits.
1 Urban an any questions regarding this vorificatioa, any of the conditions of the Permit, or the Corps of
Engineers regulatory program, please cvutect Rebekah I.. Newton at 828.271-7980.
Corps Regulatory Official Rebekah L. Neaten Date: December 1.2005
Expiration Date of Verification, March 1& 2007
,.

VJ/IJ/LVVo LL. 11 rnA 0404000440
VQ?1J 41Vi1J V1V ll V?10? .n
41
-2-
IDSU aninadon of Jurisdiction:
® Based on preliminary information, dum appear m be waters of the US including wetlands within the above
descnUd project area. This pnlimiaaay determination is not an appealable action under the Regulatory
Program Adwiais"dve Appeal Process Pahrence 33 CFR Pan 331).
? Them are Navigable Wotan of the United Staten within the above described project area subject to the peewit
requirements of Section 10 of the Rivets tadEarbors Act and Section 404 of the Cle& Water Act Unlew
there is a change in the law or our pnbliabed regulations, this datenninstion may be relied upon for a period not
to exceed five years flnm the date of dais w fmatiom
? These are waters of the US and/or wedsods within the abov-deacribed project area subject to the permit
rogniraaeum of Section 404 of the Cleam Wa4erAct (CWA)(33 USC § 1344). Unless there is a change in the
law or our published regulations, this deftra&ation may be relied upon for a period not to acted five: years
fmm the date of this notification.
? The junsdictiomai areas within the above descr%ed project area have bum identified under a preview action.
Please refierence jurisdictional deta"natim k mad Action M
Bads of Jurisdictional Deterndnstion: WirdoMm Wa.
W:tere: The ensaamed tributary BOW to 15MMIn Creels. IMah is a tributary to Aoadav CraL He
f' ek is a tributary to the 1FYaach Broad Ammft wtieh is a npvieabl2 in fsd
Corps Regulatory Official: Rebekah L. Newton
Date PASgU er 1.2005
Enclosures
SURVEY PLATS, FMW SKEML WBIT.AND DELINEATION FORMS, PROTECT PLANS, ETC.,
MUST BE ATTACHED TO THE FE LE COPY OF TEIIS FORM, IF REQUIRED OR AVAILABLE.
Copy Furnished:
Gary Davis
Davis Civil Solutions
134-A Charlotte Highway
Asheville, North Carolina 28803
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Versant
Woodfin, Buncombe County
North Carolina
Individual Permit Report
and
Supporting Documentation
Prepared For:
Mr. Robert L. Richey
Versant Properties, LLC
P.O. Box 31882
Charlotte, North Carolina 28231
Prepared By:
Leonard S. Rindner, PWS
Environmental Planning Consultant
3714 Spokeshave Lane
Matthews, NC 28105
[phone]
December 9, 2006
1

APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT
(33 CFR 3231
OMB APPROVAL NO. 0710,0003
Expires December 31. 2004
the Public burden for this collection of information is seadmated to average 10 hours per response, although the majority of applications should require
5 hours or less. This includes the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and
completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of
nformation, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Service Directorate of Information
Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302; and to the Office of Management and Budget,
Paperwork Reduction Project 10710-0003), Washington, DC 20603. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law,
no person shall be subject to any penalty for faTng to comply with a collection of Information If it does not display a currently valid OMB control
number. Planes DO NOT RETURN your form to either of those addresses. Completed applications must be submitted to the District Engineer having
jurisdiction over the location of the proposed activity.
PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT
Authorities: Rivera and Harbors Act, Section 10, 33 USC 403; Clean Water Act, Section 404, 33 USC 1344; Marine Protection , Research and
Sanctuaries Act, 33 USC 1413, Section 103. Principal Purpose: Information provided on this form will be used can evaluating the application for e
permit. Routine Uses: This information may be shared with the Department of Justice and other federal, state, and local government agencies.
Submission of requested information Is voluntary, however, H information is not provided the permit application cannot be evaluated nor can a permit
be issued.
One set of original drawings or good reproducible copies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must be attached to this
application (see sampte drawings and instructions) and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the location of the proposed
activity. An applieatton that is not completed in full wN be returned.
i. APPLICATION NO. 12. FIELD OFFICE CODE 13. DATE RECEIVED 14. DATE APPLICATION COMPLETED
circa cc aFr nw Tn RF Fln a cn Rv ea0r u`esm
5. APPLICANT'S NAME t1f• 111-06c,,4 L. F-%C,h G? B. AUTHORIZED AGENT'S NAME AND TITLE ...as-rftvL*rdj
VP.V-'q4.1i- prc'eLefW-4 iL4,C.. aon?lyd S. P-1^dIve"O PwS
6. APPLICANT'S ADDRESS
P0. P>o),; 3?$?y 9. AGENT'S ADDRESS
311+t SpOKC-<haL e. LAOA-
CkA. lottz , uc. 23 t M? fF k;,w,<, nK. I'V 105
7. APPLICANT'S PHONE NOS. W/AREA CODE 10. AGENT'S PHONE NOS. W /AREA CODE
a. Residence a. Residence

b. Business 10? ?j'j! -101 ,,a? Q
b. Business '10i -ICowf Z2'7'
[hereby authorize, L-40AAfOL 5 • 1 haAfa/? ?^?lS to act in my behalf as my agent in the processing of this application and to
rurnish, upon request, supplemental information in support of this permit application.
APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE
e
NAME, LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT OR ACTIVITY
12_ PROJECT NAME OR TITLE awk=nx6am?
`We'gkr''+"1# WPvd- 1r J* NC.
13. NAME OF WATERBODY. IF KNOWN /i/wn,.4 alJrl
VT OF '?,fWVc?dar^ Gr??f t..? VT t7F
1 11. .0 15. LOCATION OF PROJECT

14. PROJECT STREET ADDRESS rnar
5GG lit I? ch lot s-hv" Q--k
130 Url t.ow.64, NL I p? ?iCt tra! r
COUNTY STATE
16. OTHER LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS, IF KNOWN, iminwucriom)
544, a 44 Azjv-? LO CA+ rv-% av-d V1 C' I r t i?lltp a 444.C. -d
17. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE
VS '?o , 2,5 g,^ j 1 23 0 Id VS !q -23 1416 kw^•{
D40'4 CRw, iva?-. ? ?l c.trt?y ?'(mooGarrer. MOV. 1
ENG R 345, Jul 9 EDITION OF FEB 94 IS OBSOLETE. (Proponent CECW-OR)
(oaaa p on d r oioc*• inck,al. ea re rnee:l J -
IS. Nature of Activity
45? Gi*sLc 'tee- u' w? G1G yGr 1 ID 1 h /V,?.C ?'1 ??'?0'? ?CQ. JAI -
te>
r4s?o Uw t ?'C I 1 . LIW`dtilVnt c?.rk/, ib J.c (?' I,C ?? oL wr L ?S
Lr.a?-t?cl w . 41
19. Project Purpose rneaalbed,enaeson«nmp ofd-P-ject,sce ) ? W?
19 C 'rG?v J'
rID44( coCs ir*S - a.uycC &%,do?&A 6,? &Veow . 7o CIP %W op +.c par 1
etM'a I 1 w.t?ale?r,o?l??!?' 9 a. R?IGr?•?+? tsJ o0-go m a?,& MV&K.Ad. "ihe
20. Reasonls) for Discharge r t_L Or • ,? ?S
Sty a- ?c-?- dvw M#rA oac>flc Ifi?o. l •.TrdM 'f7 .?.?w w?.
d4MK4b
urc I rdw?•?k c ad' -b b?
4 , r. AA 4ACS 4 c . A c~ I I u,. ergot afm tic l?nur><,C?1
21. Type(s) of arterial Being Discharoad and the Amount of Each Tvoe in Cubic Yards ?00 CAv he.A f:+ fit, eo4yatroe- 'b
CGww&? elver i 3 Ion O(P S To 'rob -t-k,e. . 04 eta
IGrrss??w - Srhr? iw t I? t V `3 G`tbC'Ta6 0 .?. vv?t! - Lw R.-.?
22. Surface Area in Acres of Wetlands or Other Waters Filled ramk., m ) t r?ayrt t-r aaaft-*$- -"-`1 I wi
23. Is Any Portion of the Work Already Complete? Yes No 0 IF YES. DESCRIBE THE COMPLETED WORK *-
-?I- IJorX. hays Lcar^ tal? &AkATo( jr, 1 ?- c+?r:? . A ftvAAi tue c 14.1 got
W I }?• Marla?( PA k4.- ?cr-A ?-C.V 10, WZr,4# -6 Je MW,4.Jyd&.t• y t%a ovaek' ?S
hety. ear togAv.d I? 1 AAs-s 40F J4_ U. S. 410-.1 VZW ICAJ VfOW".t. PwM?'+ apX, I '?^".
24. Addresses of Adjoining Property Owners, Lessees, Etc., Whose Property Adjoins the Waterbody !lf more than can be entered here
please attach a supplemental list).
25. List of Other Certifications or Approvals/Denials Received from other Federal, State or Local Agencies for Work Described in This Application.
AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL'
Ca'"'!`1 firs 1•? C.r-.?t?
use AWr to,

not restricted to zo
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DATE APPLIED
- 91"Zs7'1o;0 7116/ov
ZDbf 3,060
DATE APPROVED DAVE DENIED
6 A-1 /PC
12./l
and flood plain
26. Application is hereby made for a permit or permits to authorize the work des is app ecation. I certify that the information in this
appiication is complete and accurate. I further certify that I possess the auth ty iiride a described herein or am acting as the
' duly authorized agent of the applicant. ' ' -
SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT DATE SIG ATURE AGENT DATE
' The application must be signed by the person who desires to undertake proposed activity lapplicent) or it may be signed by a duly
authorized agent if the statement in block 11 has been filled out and si ed.
113 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States
knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals, or covers up any trick, scheme, or disguises a material fact or makes any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or representations or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing some to contain any false, fictitious or
fraudulent statements or entry, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years or both.
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U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
Action ID. 2008-00526
County: Buncombe
GENERAL PERMIT (REGIONAL AND NATIONWIDE) VERIFICATION
Property Owner / Authorized Agent: Versant Properties, LLC, Attn: Mr. Robert L Richev
Address: 225 E. Worthinsrton Ave Ste 102
Charlotte, NC 28203
Telephone No.: (7041333-1501
Size and location of property (water body, road name/number, town, etc.): The Versant development is
398 acres in size and is located at the end of Baird Cove Road outside of the town limits of Woodfin
in Buncombe County North Carolina. Coordinates for the site are 35.6577 north and 82.5426 west.
Description of projects area and activity: The permittee is authorized to permanently impact a total of
0,145 acre of wetland and 273 linear feet of unnamed tributaries to Benyerdam Creek in order to
1"02111 ontvnr* *nnd t -
with the information submitted by the permittee in the ioint application form dated
Februarv 3 2008.
Applicable Law: ® Section 404 (Clean Water Act, 33 USC 1344)
? Section 10 (Rivers and Harbors Act, 33 USC 403)
Authorization: Regional General Permit Number:
Nationwide Permit Number: 29
Your work is authorized by the above referenced permit provided it is accomplished in strict accordance with the
attached conditions, conditions 1-4 and 6 of the attached letter from the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission, your submitted plans, and the following special condition:
1. You shall mitigate for the unavoidable impacts to waters of the U.S. as follows: 0.11 acre of wetland
(fill - 2:1), 0.035 acre of wetland (flooding -1:1), 224 linear feet of stream (fill - 2:1), and 49 linear feet of
stream (flooding-1:1) associated with this project by payment to the North Carolina Ecosystem
Enhancement Program (NCEEP) In the amount necessary to nerform restoration to 0.255 acre of rlnarian
wetiand and 497 linear feet of coo stream in the French Broad River Basin (Cataloging Unit 06010105).
Construction within jurisdictional areas on the property shall begin only after the permittee has made full
payment with certified check to the NCEEP, and the NCEEP has made written confirmation to the District
Engineer, that it agrees to accept responsibility for the mitigation work required, pursuant to Paragraph
IV-D. of the Memorandum of Understanding between the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District, dated November 4,1998.
Any violation of the attached conditions or deviation from your submitted plans may subject the permittee to a
stop work order, a restoration order and/or appropriate legal action.
This verification will remain valid until the expiration date identified below unless the nationwide authorization
is modified, suspended or revoked. If, prior to the expiration date identified below, the nationwide permit
authorization is reissued and/or modified, this verification will remain valid until the expiration date identified
below, provided it complies with all requirements of the modified nationwide permit. If the nationwide permit
authorization expires or is suspended, revoked, or is modified, such that the activity would no longer comply with
the terms and conditions of the nationwide permit, activities which have commenced (i.e., arc under construction) or
are under contract to commence in reliance upon the nationwide permit, will remain authorized provided the activity
is completed within twelve months of the date of the nationwide permit's expiration, modification or revocation,
unless discretionary authority has been exercised on a case-by-case basis to modify, suspend or revoke the
authorization.

Activities subject to Section 404 (as indicated above) may also require an individual Section 401 Water Quality
Certification. You should contact the NC Division of Water Quality (telephone [phone]) to determine
Section 401 requirements.
' For activities occurring within the twenty coastal counties subject to regulation under the Coastal Area
Management Act (CAMA), prior to beginning work you must contact the N.C. Division of Coastal Management.
This Department of the Army verification does not relieve the permittee of the responsibility to obtain any other
required Federal, State or local approvals/permits.
1 If there are any questions regarding this verification, any of the conditions of the Permit, or the Corps of
Engineers regulatory program, please contact Lori Beckwith at 828-271-7980.
11
Corps Regulatory Official: Lori Berktivith ! Date: ME1115. 2008
Expiration Date of Verification: April 15.2010

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Determination of Jurisdiction:
A. ? Based on preliminary information, there appear to be waters of the US including wetlands within the above
described project area. This preliminary determination is not an appealable action under the Regulatory
Program Administrative Appeal Process ( Reference 33 CFR Part 331).
B. ? There are Navigable Waters of the United States within the above described project area subject to the
permit requirements of Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
Unless there is a change in the law or our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a
period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
C. ® There are waters of the US and/or wetlands within the above described project area subject to the permit
requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA)(33 USC § 1344). Unless there is a change in the
law or our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years
from the date of this notification.
D. ? The jurisdictional areas within the above described project area have been identified under a previous action
Please reference jurisdictional determination issued , _. Action ID
Basis of Jurisdictional Determination: The site contains wetlands as determined by the USACE 1987 Wetland
Delineation Manual and they arc adjacent to stream channels that exhibit indicators of ordinary high water marks.
The stream channels on the property are tributaries to Beaverdam Creek which flows into the French Broad River.
The French Broad River is a Section 10 water.
Appeals Information: (This information does not apply to preliminary determinations as indicated by paragraph A.
above).
Attached to this verification is an approved jurisdictional detennination. If you are not in agreement with that
approved jurisdictional determination, you can make an administrative appeal under 33 CFR 331. Enclosed you will
find a Notification of Appeal Process (NAP) fact sheet and request for appeal (RFA) form. If you request to appeal
this determination you must submit a completed RFA form to the following address:
District Engineer, Wilmington Regulatory Program
Attu: Lori Beckwith, Project Manager
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801
In order for an RFA to be accepted by the Corps, the Corps must determine that it is complete, that it meets the
criteria for appeal under 33 CFR part 331.5, and that it has been received by the Division Office within 60 days of
the date of the NAP. Should you decide to submit an RFA form, it must be received at the above address within 60
days from the Issue Date below.
**It is not necessary to submit an RFA form to the Division Office if you do not object to the determination in this
correspondence.**
Corps Regulatory Official: Lori Beckwith
Issue Date: April 15. 2008
Expiration Date: Five years from Issue Date
SURVEY PLATS, FIELD SKETCH, WETLAND DELINEATION FORMS, PROJECT PLANS, ETC.,
MUST BE ATTACHED TO THE FILE COPY OF THIS FORM, IF REQUIRED OR AVAILABLE.
Copy Furnished: Leonard S. Rindner, 3714 Spokeshave Lane, Matthews, NC 28105
The Wihmington District is committed to providing the highest level of support to the public. To help us ensure we
continue to do so, please visit htip://reeulatorv.usacesurvey.com/ to complete the survey online.
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Permit Number: 2008-00526
Permit Type: NW29
Name of County: Buncombe
Name of Permittee: Versant Properties, LLC, Attn: Mr. Robert L. Richey
Date of Issuance: April 15, 2008
Project Manager: Lori Beckwith
Upon completion of the activity authorized by this permit and any mitigation required by the
permit, sign this certification and return it to the following address:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Attention: CESAW-RG-A
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
Please note that your permitted activity is subject to a compliance inspection by an U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers representative. If you fail to comply with this permit you are subject to
permit suspension, modification, or revocation,
I hereby certify that the work authorized by the above referenced permit has been completed in
accordance with the terms and conditions of the said permit, and required mitigation was
completed in accordance with the permit conditions.
Signature of Permittee
Date
NOTIFICATION OF ADMIlSTIS ApP OPTIONS fAID?PROCFSS AND
REQUEST FOR APPEAL, `-
t i 4c y i. r
Applicant: Versant Pro. erties, -1 -
p LLC, Attn: File Number: 2008-00526 Date: April 15, 2008
Mr. Robert L. Richey
Attached is: See Section below
INITIAL PROFFERED PERMIT (Standard Permit or Letter of A
permission)
PROFFERED PERMIT (Standard Permit or Letter of ermission) B
PERMIT DENIAL C
X APPROVED JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION D
PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION E
SEC.TION.I The.followutg identtfies yoiu nghts and opttons regarding an admiiustrative appeal of the above
decision. Addthonal uiformaton may be found at htti?://www:usace armmetlfunchons/cw/cecwoJreg or
Co? "` s r ah
e
ons a1t33 CFRPart_331,.
A: INITIAL PROFFERED PERMIT: You may accept or object to the permit.
• ACCEPT: If you received a Standard Permit, you may sign the permit document and return it to the district engineer for final
authorization. If you received a Letter of Permission (LOP), you may accept the LOP and your work is authorized. Your signature
on the Standard Permit or acceptance of the LOP means that you accept the permit in its entirety, and waive all rights to appeal the
permit, including its terms and conditions, and approved jurisdictional determinations associated with the permit.
• OBJECT: If you object to the permit (Standard or LOP) because of certain terms and conditions therein, you may request that the
permit be modified accordingly. You must complete Section 11 of this form and return the form to the district engineer. Your
objections must be received by the district engineer within 60 days of the date of this notice, or you will forfeit your right to appeal
the permit in the future. Upon receipt of your letter, the district engineer will evaluate your objections and may: (a) modify the
permit to address all of your concerns, (b) modify the permit to address some of your objections, or (c) not modify the permit
having determined that the permit should be issued as previously written. After evaluating your objections, the district engineer
will send you a proffered permit for your reconsideration, as indicated in Section B below.
B; PROFFERED PERMIT: You may accept or appeal the permit
• ACCEPT: If you received a Standard Permit, you may sign the permit document and return it to the district engineer for final
authorization. If you received a Letter of Permission (LOP), you may accept the LOP and your work is authorized. Your signature
on the Standard Permit or acceptance of the LOP means that you accept the permit in its entirety, and waive all rights to appeal the
permit, including its terns and conditions, and approved jurisdictional determinations associated with the permit.
• APPEAL: If you choose to decline the proffered permit (Standard or LOP) because of certain terms and conditions therein, you
may appeal the declined permit under the Corps of Engineers Administrative Appeal Process by completing Section R of this form
and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received by the division engineer within 60 days of the date of
this notice.
C: PERMIT DENIAL: You may appeal the denial of a permit under the Corps of Engineers Administrative Appeal Process by
completing Section II of this form and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received by the division engineer
within 60 days of the date of this notice.
D: APPROVED JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION: You may accept or appeal the approved JD or
provide new information.
• ACCEPT: You do not need to notify the Corps to accept an approved JD. Failure to notify the Corps within 60 days of the date of
this notice, means that you accept the approved JD in its entirety, and waive all rights to appeal the approved JD.
• APPEAL: If you disagree with the approved JD, you may appeal the approved JD under the Corps of Engineers Administrative
Appeal Process by completing Section 11 of this form and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received by
the division engineer within 60 days of the date of this notice.
E: PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL
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DETERMINATION: You do not need to respond to the Corps
[regardin?g the preliminary JD. The Preliminary JD is not appealable. If you wish, you may request an approved
D (which may be appealed), by contacting the Corps district for further instruction. Also you may provide new
information for further consideration b
the C
t
l
te
y
orps
o reeva
ua
the JD.
SECTION II RE VEST FClR:APPEAL 6 3JEC I IONS,T'C7 AIti1 IT AI PAOFFERED I'ER11r1I`I~
REASONS FOR APPEAL OR OBJECTIONS: (Describe your reasons for appealing the decision or your
objections to an initial proffered permit in clear concise statements. You may attach additional information to
this form to clarify where your reasons or objections are addressed in the administrative record.)
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The appeal is limited to a review of the administrative record, the Corps
memorandum for the record of the appeal conference or meeting, and any supplemental information that the
review officer has determined is needed to clarify the administrative record. Neither the appellant nor the Corps
may add new information or analyses to the record. However, you may provide additional information to clarify
the location of information that is already in the administrative record.
P?7NT?O Cq'I'ACT_ R D _4__ .".
If you have questions regarding this decision and/or the If you only have questions regarding the appeal process
appeal process you may contact: you may also contact:
Lori Beckwith, Project Manager Mr. Michael F. Bell,
USACE, Asheville Regulatory Field Office Administrative Appeal Review Officer
151 Patton Ave, Room 208 CESAD-ET-CO-R
Asheville, NC 28806 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Atlantic Division
828-271-7980
60 Forsyth Street, Room 9M15
Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8801
RIGHT OF ENTRY: Your signature below grants the right of entry to Corps of Engineers personnel, and any
government consultants, to conduct investigations of the project site during the course of the appeal process. You
will be provided a 15 day notice of any site investigation, and will have the opportunity to participate in all site
investigations.
Date: Telephone number:
,_Signature of appellant or agent.
For appeals on Initial Proffered Permits and approved Jurisdictional Determinations send
this form to:
District Engineer, Wilmington Regulatory Division, Attn:Lori Beckwith, Project .Manager,
Asheville Regulatory Field Office, 151 Patton Avenue, Room 208, Asheville, NC 28801.
For Permit denials and Proffered Permits send this form to:
Division Engineer, Commander, U.S. Army Engineer Division, South Atlantic, Attn: Mr.
' Mike Bell, Administrative Appeal Officer, CESAD-ET-CO-R, 60 Forsyth Street, Room
9M15, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8802
VERSANT SITE
LAT /LONG: 35.65774°N, 82.54263°1v
USGS Asheville 1:100,000 Map
Oldham Planning & Design NAMED STREAMS
1415 S. Church Street
Suite I VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
0 L D H A Y (Not To Scale)
runu¦ ¦ ¦uur 704.342.1919 JANUARY 2008
u,ocurrt.¦c

REPLACED CRO55ING REPLACED CR055ING
(CRO55iNG #3) (CRO551NG #4)
SEE ;STREAM CROSSWGS. REPLAC&AU- TS" SEE •STREAM CROSSWGS. REPtACEMEt r
REPLACED CRO55ING OFFUNE WATER FEATURE
(CRO551NG #2) (ENLARGEMENT D)
SEE WEAM CROSSWGS. REPLAMUDOr
F 5rTE MAN ENLARGEMEW 0 t REPLACED CRO55ING
(CRO55ING #5)
SER'77RREAM CROSSWGS VmACFMEh1n-
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(CRO55ING #G)
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(ENLARGEMENT F)
e PHA5E LINE
PHASE 1

PHASE 1 :{
TRAIL. CROWING WETLAND5 OVERLOOK
(ENLARGEMENT C) (ENLARGEMENT E)
SITE PLAN ENLAMMENT 12
TRAIL OVERLOOK
(ENLARGEMENT B)
GATEHOU5E 4 FALL 5 FEATURE
(ENLARGEMENT A)
REPLACED CRO55ING
(CRO55ING # 1)
SEE'MEAM CROSSWGS. REPLACEMENTS"
Oldham Planning & Design
' 1415 S. Church Street
Suite 1
ltt0ta?iii,ltt
PROPOSED SITE PLAN
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
~= low
JANUARY 2006
EXISTING LOGGING ROADS
EXISTING LOGGING TRAILS
#2: 38 If (49
+ 11'
PHASE 1
# 1: 85 If (137 If)
+52'
EX5TING STREAM CROSSINGS REPLACED
CLLVr" MACEWW WAC1
ctot" a 1
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CtOiSM 83 + 4"
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PHASE 1
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#5: 51 If (51 if )
+01
#3: 54 If (97 if )
+43'
n.
NOTES:
I- XX If (YYY') reflects LOGGING ROAD STREAM CROSSING IMPACTS DUE TO CULVERT REPLACEMENTS
REFLECTED IN THE SURVEY PREPARED BY WEBB A. MORGAN & ASSOCIATES. DATED MAY 16, 2000, as compared to
(SURVEYED FIELD CONDITIONS AS OF SEPTEMBER 2007).
2. ALL REPLACED STREAM CROSSINGS ARE AT EXISTING LOGGING ROAD CROSSING LOCATIONS.
Oldham Planning & Design STREAM CROSSINGS: REPLACEMENTS
1415 S. Church Street
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
O L D H A M Suite I (Not To Scale)
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Oldham Planning & Design
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1415 S. Church Street ENLARGEMENT B: OVERLOOK & FALLS FEATURE '
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01 D H A" M 704.342.1919 I-= 30'
Anocutu.tic JANUARY 7.008
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'ENHANCED WETLAND' 5HALL INCLUDE WORT` TO HAND-REMOVE INVASIVE AND NON-NATIVE PLANTS
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as ww. r«.?w.. REPLACED CROSSING
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NOTE:
'ENHANCED WETLAND' SHALL INCLUDE WORK TO HAND-REMOVE INVA51VE AND NON-NATIVE PLANTS
AND RE-ESTABLISHING NATIVE PLANTS. IT SHALL NOT INCLUDE EXCAVATION OR INUNDATION WITH WATER.

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Oldham Planning & Design PROPOSED SITE PLAN
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POND-VIEW TOWNHOMF5.
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Oldham Planning & Design
1415 S. Church Street
Suite i
O 1 D H9 A M 704.342.1919
A 55OClliff.l11C
PROPOSED SITE PLAN
ENLARGEMENT F_ VILLAGE POND
VERSANT PROPERTIES, LLC
1-= 30'
JANUARY 2008
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North Carolina Wildlife Resources Con-unission
February 22, 2008
Ms. Loretta Beckwith
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Regulatory Branch
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801.5006
Ms. Cyndi Karoly
NCDLNR, Division of Water Quality, 401 Unit
1628 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1628
SUI3.lL"-CT: Mr. Robert Richey, Versant Properties, LLC Nationwide Permit Application
Versant subdivision, Buncombe County
DWQ No. 06-1901 V2
Dear Ms. Beek with and Ms. Karoly:
Mr. Robert Richey of Versant Properties, LLC requested a letter of concurrence from the North Carolina
Wildlife Resources Commission (Commission) for a 404 Permit. The project site was visited by Commission
staff on February 6, 2007. Comments from the Commission are provided under provisions of the Clean Water
Act of 1977 (33 U.S.C. 466 et. seq.) and Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Slat. 401, as amended; 16
U.S.C. 661-6674).
The project originally involved a proposal to rill and flood 1,253 feet of streams and 0.406 acres of wetlands f'or
three ponds and roadway culverts in the 397-acre Versant subdivision near Woodfin. Several culverts for the
roads were installed and the wetland near the guardhouse was cleared and graded before permits were received.
The application for those impacts was withdrawn and the applicant now wants to flood and fill 0.145 acres of
wetlands and 273 feet of unnamed tributaries to I3eaverdam Creek for roadway crossings and one pond.
The project did not/should not harm trout.
If this project is permitted, then the Commission can concur if the following conditions are attached to help
conserve aquatic habitats:
I . The project impacts are mitigated consistent with the April 2003 Stream Nvlitiglation Guidelines.
2. The Nationwide and Final Regional Conditions, with exception of 1.2. are adhered to.
3. Sediment and erosion control measures are used before construction and maintained until all disturbed
soils are permanently stabilized. Any bare soils are seeded as soon as possible after disturbance. Tall
fescue is not used along streams.
1laiJing Address: Division of Inland Fisheries - 1721 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, IBC 27699-1721
Telephone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Versant Page 2 February 22, 2008
Buncombe
' 4. Excavation and fill is avoided in flowing water. Stream flow is temporarily routed in pipe around or
through the pond during its construction.
' S. Trees are planted around any ponds to shade them and help maintain cool temperatures. Trees are not
planted on dams because this can weaken them.
6. A sleeved standpipe is used to draw outflow water from near the bottom of any ponds. Cold water intakes
should be within 1-2 feet of the bottom of the lake or pond bed, but not on the bottom. This design will
improve water quality in impoundments. The easiest way to accomplish a near-bottom outflow is to place
a larger pipe (i.e. shroud or sleeve) over the standpipe so that water flows up though the bottom of the
larger pipe and then down through the outlet pipe (see inset).
pond surface
outflow water inflow
pond bottom
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this project. The Commission may inspect the work
site during or after construction. If there are any questions regarding these comments, please contact me at
[phone] extension 24.
' Sincerely,
Dave McHenry
Mountain Region Coordinator,
' Habitat Conservation Program
cc: Mr. Robert Richey, Versant Properties, LLC
Mr. Kevin Barnett, NC Division of Water Quality, Asheville
1
1
1
1
1
Wrlltaun G Rosa li Scctetary
Nosdr Carolina Departmem of I'm ironnfent and Natural Re ourcew
Coleen Fl. Sullins. Director
Division of Water Qtfality
Asheville Regional Office
' Apri129, 2008
DWQ Project # 06-1901 Version 3 Modification
Buncombe County
Robert Richey
Versant Properties, L,LC.
225 East Worthington Avenue
Suite 102
Charlotte, 1,4orth Carolina 28203
Subject Property: Versant
Baird Cove Road
Approval of 401 Water (duality Certification with Additional Conditions
Dear Mr. Richey:
' Versant Properties, LLC has our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions and those
listed below, to place fill within or otherwise impact 0.145 acres of wetlands and 272 feet of
streams for the purpose of property access and amendments at the subject property, as described
' within your application received by the N.C. Division of Water Quality (DWQ) on February 8,
2008, contingent upon completion of the study required with the additional conditions listed
below. After reviewing your application, we have decided that the impacts are covered by
General Water Quality Certification Number(s) 3687, 3705 and 3699 (GC3687, GC3705 and GC
3699). The Certification(s) allows you to use Nationwide Permit(s) 3, 29, and 12 when issued by
the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). In addition, you should obtain or otherwise comply
with any other required federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with your project
including (but not limited to) Erosion and Sediment Control, Non-discharge, and stormwater
regulations. Also, the above certification authorizes Versant to proceed with the proposed
' impacts or to conduct impacts to waters as depicted in your application, and shall expire
upon expiration of the 404 Permit unless otherwise specified in the GC.
' This authorization is being modified based upon discussions with your consultants
respective of the accuracy of impacts presented. This approval is only valid for the purposes
and design submitted in the application materials. If the project is changed, Versant Properties,
LLC, must notify us in writing and may be required to send a new application for a new
Certification. If the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of the Certification and
approval letter and is thereby responsible for complying with all conditions of this Certification.
Any new owner must notify the Division and request the Certification be issued in their name.
of
Ns )r?rthCarolina
North Carolina Division of Water Quality 2090 US, lhox? a 70 Swannanoa, NC 28778 t'hone [phone]
Internet. www.ncwaterquality.org Custonner Service 1-877-623-6748 t=ax [phone]
An Equal Opportunity;Affirrnative Action Employer- 50% RecycleclN%a Post Consumer Paper
G:itVPDATA,DEMVVQ3uncombei401 s106-1901 Ver3MQD Versant Approval docRCE4_29.08.doc

Page 2 of 6
April 29, 2008
Should wetland or stream fill be requested in the future, additional compensatory mitigation may
be required as described in 15A NCAC 21-1 .0506 (h) (6) and (7). If any plan revisions from the
approved site plan result in a change in stream or wetland impact or an increase in impervious
surfaces, the DWQ shall be notified in writing and a new application for 401 Certification may
be required. For this approval to be valid, compliance with the conditions listed below is
required.
Conditions of Certification:
I. Impacts Approved
The following impacts are hereby approved as long as all of the other specific and
general conditions of this Certification (or Isolated Wetland Permit) are met. No other
impacts are approved including incidental impacts:
Type of Impact Amount Approved (Units) Plan Location or
Reference
Pond Creation _
0.035 acres F
Gate House pond
creation 0.11 acres A
Culvert Extension 52 linear feet* I
Culvert Extension 11 linear feet* 2
Culvert Extension 43 linear feet* 3
Culvert Extension 38 linear feet* 4
Culvert Replacement 0 linear feet* 5
New Culvert 50 linear feet* 6
Dam Construction 30 linear feet* F
Flooding 49 linear feet* F
*denotes permanent impact perennial
stream
Sediment and Erosion Control:
1. Erosion and sediment control practices must be in full compliance with all specifications
governing the proper design, installation and operation and maintenance of such Best
Management Practices in order to protect surface waters standards:
a. The erosion and sediment control measures for the project must be designed,
installed, operated, and maintained in accordance with the most recent version of the
North Carolina Sediment and Erosion Control Planning and Design Manual.
b. The design, installation, operation, and maintenance of the sedimeni and erosion
control measures must be such that they equal, or exceed, the requirements specified
in the most recent version of the North Carolina Sediment and Erosion Control
Manual. The devices shall be maintained on all construction sites, borrow sites, and
Page 3 of 6
April 29, 2008
waste pile (spoil) projects, including contractor-owned or leased borrow pits
associated with the project.
c. Sufficient materials required for stabilization and/or repair of erosion control
measures and stormwater routing and treatment shall be on site at all times.
' 2. No waste, spoil, solids, or fill of any kind shall occur in wetlands, waters, or riparian areas
beyond the footprint of the impacts depicted in the 404/401Permit Application. All
' construction activities, including the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of
sediment and erosion control Best Management Practices, shall be performed so that no
violations of state water quality standards, statutes, or rules occur;
3. Sediment and erosion control measures shall not be placed in wetlands or waters to the
maximum extent practicable. If placement of sediment and erosion control devices in wetlands
and waters is unavoidable, they shall be removed and the natural grade restored within six
months of the date that the Division of Land Resources has released the project;
4. Protective Fencing - The outside buffer, wetland or water boundary and along the construction
corridor within these boundaries approved under this authorization shall be clearly marked
with orange warning fencing (or similar high visibility material) for the areas that have been
approved to infringe within the buffer, wetland or water prior to any land disturbing activities
to ensure compliance with 15A NCAC 2B .0233 and GC 3404;
' Continuing Compliance:
5. Versant Properties, LLC, shall conduct construction activities in a manner consistent with
' State water quality standards (including any requirements resulting from compliance with
section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act) and any other appropriate requirements of.State law

' and federal law. If the Division determines that such standards or laws are not being met
(including the failure to sustain a designated or achieved use) or that State or federal law is
being violated, or that further conditions are necessary to assure compliance, the Division
may reevaluate and modify this Certification to include conditions appropriate to assure
' compliance with such standards and requirements in accordance with 15A NCAC
2H.0507(d).
Mitigation:
' 6. Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Using the Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP)
Prior to any impacts, mitigation must be provided for the proposed impacts as specified
in the table below. We understand that you wish to make a payment to the Wetlands
' Restoration Fund administered by the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) to
meet this mitigation requirement. This has been determined by the DWQ to be a suitable
method to meet the mitigation requirement. Until the EEP receives and clears your check
' (made payable to: DENR -- Ecosystem Enhancement Program Office), no impacts
specified in this Authorization Certificate shall occur. The EEP should be contacted at
[phone] if you have any questions concerning payment into a restoration fund.
' The payment to the EEP by Versant Properties, LLC shall occur within 60 days of receipt

Page 4 of 6
April 29, 2008
of the EEP invoice by Versant Properties, LLC. For accounting purposes, this
Authorization Certificate authorizes payment into the Wetlands Restoration Fund
to meet the following compensatory mitigation requirement:

T e of Impact
Compensatory Mitigation 1uired ------------
River

Stream - perennial
272 (linear feet) _
French Broad
Wetland 0.145 (acres) French Broad
7. Stormwater Management:
A final, written storm water management plan (including a signed and notarized
Operation and Maintenance Agreement) shall be submitted to the 401 Oversight and
express Permitting Unit (2321 Crabtree Blvd., Suite 250, Raleigh, NC 27604 or local
governing authority) within 60 days of the issuance of the 401 Water quality
Certification, or request for addition time. The storm water management plans shall be
approved in writing by this Office (or local governing authority with copy provided to
DWQ) before the impacts specified in the Village Center of Versant as specified in the
application. You have the option of using the Express Review Program for expedited
approval of these plans. If you propose to use the Express Review Program, remember to
include the appropriate fee with the plan. The storm water management plan must
include construction plans, specifications, storm water BMP worksheets and supporting
calculation. The storm water best management practices are required to be appropriate for
the surface water classification and designed to remove at least 85% TSS according to the
most recent version of the NC DENR Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual.
These facilities must be designed to treat the runoff from the Village Center and high-
density areas in future phases; the facilities (as approved by this Office) shall be
implemented. The structural storm water practices as approved by this Office as well as
drainage patterns must be maintained in perpetuity. No changes to the structural storm
water practices shall be made without written authorization from The Division of Water
Quality.
8. Deed Notifications:
Prior to undertaking the Approved work, Versant shall put a deed notice on the lot to be
impacted as approved. Deed notifications or similar mechanisms shall be
placed on all other residential building sites and all other common areas within the
development with remaining jurisdictional wetlands and waters as such other lots are
defined. These mechanisms shall be put in place, in order to assure compliance for the
future wetland or water impacts, at the time of recording of the property, or of individual
lots, whichever is earliest. A sample deed notification format can be downloaded from
the 401/Wetlands Unit web site at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/newetlands. This example
notification can be modified as appropriate for the specific project, so long as the
modification does not lessen the requirements.
Page 5 of 6
April 29, 2008
1 9. Construction Stormwater Pen-nit NCGO 10000
Upon the approval of an Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan issued by the Division
of Land Resources (DLR) or a DLR delegated local erosion and sedimentation control
program, an NPDES General stormwater permit (NCGO10000) administered by DWQ is
' automatically issued to the project. This General Permit allows stormwater to be
discharged during land disturbing construction activities as stipulated by conditions in the
permit. If your project is covered by thus permit [applicable to construction projects that
disturb one (1) or more acres], full compliance with permit conditions including the
sedimentation control plan, self-monitoring, record keeping and reporting requirements
are required. A copy of this permit and monitoring report forms may be found at
i?ttp://h2o.eni-.stcile.??e.erslsit/forms l?ocr?rnc??its.htrrr.;
10. Native wetland species and shrubs should be planted along the aquatic shelf in areas where
practicable to help promote diversity among species that may naturally propagate.
11. Prior to construction of the dam and pond, a related water release plan, for the
proposed dam must be approved in writing by this Office. The plan must include a written
explanation of the specific discharge rate and mechanism to provide for each required
release. The plan must also include any design specifications, details and calculations to
show that the release shall be achieved in the given conditions. The plan shall also include
monitoring that ensures compliance. The plan and any associated facilities, once approved,
must be in place and implemented upon the completion of the darn.
12. Certificate of Completion
Upon completion of all work approved within the 401 Water Quality Certification and
any subsequent modifications, the applicant is required to return the attached certificate
of completion to the 401 Oversight/Express Review Permitting Unit, North Carolina
Division of Water Quality, 1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC, 27699-1650.
Violations of any condition herein set forth may result in revocation of this Certification and may
result in criminal and/or civil penalties. The authorization to proceed with your proposed
impacts or to conduct impacts to waters as depicted in your application and as authorized by this
Certification shall expire upon expiration of the 404 Permit.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this Certification (associated with the approved
wetland or stream impacts), you may ask for an adjudicatory hearing. You must act within 60
days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing, send a written petition, which
conforms to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office of Administrative
Hearings, 6714 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, N.C. 27699-6714. This certification and its
conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing.
Page 6 of 6
April 29, 2008
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the Clean
Water Act. If you have any questions, please telephone Kevin Barnett in the DWQ Asheville
Regional Office at 828-296-4500.
Sincerely,
L Coleen H. Sullins
Division of Water Quality
CHS1khb
cc: Len Rindner, Environmental Planning Consultant
3714 Spokeshave Lane
Matthews, NC 28105
USACE Asheville Regulatory Field Office
DWQ Asheville Regional Office
DLR Asheville Regional Office
File Copy
Central Files
Filename: 06-1901 Ver3 MOD.Versant.Approval.doc
PROTECTED SPECIES SURVEY, HABITAT ASSESSMENT,
' AND
AQUATIC STREAM SURVEY
1
VERSANT/BARD COVE TRACT

' SUBMITTED TO:
Leonard Rindner, PWS

BY

Jeffrey A. Levi
' NVIRONMENTAL Patrick J.Kealy
SESSMENT AND 14 Botany Ct.
LA N N I N G Asheville, NC 28805
' [e-mail]
828-699-3697

C. Reed Rossell, Jr
' Certified Wildlife Biologist
239 Moody Cove Rd.
Weaverville, NC 28787
' [e-mail]
828-658-3210

PROTECTED SPECIES SURVEY, HABITAT ASSESSMENT,
AND
AQUATIC STREAM SURVEY
VERSANTBAIRD COVE TRACT
INVESTIGATORS AND AUTHORS: Jeffrey A. Levi, Botanist/Environmental
Biologist, e-mail: eap [e-mail]; Phone: [phone]; C. Reed Rossell, Jr,
Certified Wildlife Biologist; Patrick J. Kealy, Wetlands and Aquatics Scientist.
DATE SUBMITTED: August 6, 2006.
SURVEY DATES: May 29 -June 21, 2006.
LOCATION: Property located at the end of Baird Cove Road, off of Merrimon Avenue,
just outside Woodfin Town limits.
COUNTY AND STATE: Buncombe, North Carolina.
PROVINCE: Blue Ridge Physiographic Province.
WATERSHED: Upper French Broad (06010105).
ELEVATION RANGE: Approximately 2400- 2960 feet.
SIZE OF TRACT: 360 acres. USGS QUAD: Weaverville.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Field surveys were conducted in June of 2006 to assess
any potential protected species inhabiting the Versant/Baird Cove site in Woodfin, NC.
This included a thorough survey, habitat assessment, and development of observed
species lists, and descriptions and a map of the natural communities on-site. An aquatic
stream survey was also conducted to assess the perennial nature of Baird Cove Creek
(main stream flowing through the site) and its water quality and macroinvertebrate
populations. No protected species were observed at the site. A total of 181 plant taxa
and 59 animal taxa were observed during the surveys. The site is mostly covered by
montane pine-oak-hickory forest with low mountain alluvial forest and low elevation
seeps along the streams. Baird Cove Creek is a good quality perennial stream. No
evidence of high nutrient or chemical discharges was noted. Numerous
macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and other wildlife were observed in the stream or around
it during the survey. Areas along the streams and wetlands, ridges, and north facing
slopes should be avoided if possible to maintain the site's ecological integrity.
PROTECTED PLANT SPECIES SURVEY AND HABITAT ASSESSMENT
' Plant Species Survey
Methods: Field surveys consisted of walking the majority of the site and recording all
plant species observed. Survey emphasis was on the potential occurrence of state- and
' federally-listed species and unique habitats. All major roads, ridges, slopes and
tributaries of the property were walked. Recorded plants were organized into natural
communities based upon species assemblages and physical characteristics such as
' elevation and moisture regime.
The plant species of concern can be found in Appendix E. This list was derived from :
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. 2005. Buncombe county - element
ncsparks.netlnhplcounty.himL, and United
://www
hti
2005
ber 16
D
.
p
.
,
ecem
occurrences.
States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2005. Threatened and endangered species in North
Carolina - Buncombe county. Updated February 5, 2003. http://nc-
' esfws.gov/es/countyfr.html. Only those species with state or federal protection were
included in the revised list.
Results: No state or federally listed plant species, rare plant communities or habitats
' were observed during the survey. Potential habitat does exist for several of the species of
concern (i.e. piratebush), but is typically disturbed from surrounding logging.
A total of 181 plant taxa were recorded (Appendix A). This includes 75 woody (trees,
shrubs, and vines) and 106 herbaceous (wildflowers, herbs, and ferns) taxa. The plants
range from typical piedmont species to more montane and low elevation mountain
species. Invasive exotics such as Oriental bittersweet, privet, multiflora rose,
' microstegium, and Japanese knotweed have established across the site especially in open
canopy areas and along open edge communities (i.e. along roads). Typical plants
observed in their communities are listed in the Natural Community Description.
Habitat Assessment (Plant Perspective)
' The majority of the site has been logged and has resulted in mixed pine/hardwood
assemblages. Natural communities range from seep/wetlands associated with intermittent
to perennial streams to montane pine-oak-hickory forest along ridges and slopes. The
' Natural Community Description section discusses these communities in more detail.
Elevations range from approximately 2400 feet along the main stream (referred to as
' Baird Cove Creek) to 2960 feet along ridgetops. The topography is moderate to steep
including most side slopes and valleys. The forest communities are successional with a
mixed pine-hardwood canopy. Areas along lower steep slopes, north facing slopes and
along streams have a more natural community assemblage, although past logging has also
disturbed many of these smaller communities. The streams and their associated seeps

and wetlands on the site have been disturbed by past timbering as well, but not to the
extent of the surrounding slopes and ridges. The main stream running through the site,
Baird Cove Creek, and its floodplain are of good quality (except in areas where logging
roads have prevented vegetated buffers) and supports a variety of habitat for flora and
fauna. Plant species diversity is good within the alluvial forest and associated
seeps/wetlands. The Aquatic Stream Survey section describes the water resources of the
site in more detail.
The uplands on-site are primarily dry with steep topography. Surveys reveal a relatively
low diversity of community types and relatively low species diversity within the largest
community type (especially in pine dominated areas). Pine needle accumulations
covering the forest floor have contributed to the lower species diversity. Species of pine
(white, scrub, short-leaf, etc.) dominate most of the site's canopy mixed with various
oaks and successional species. Areas of less disturbance and chestnut oaks dominating
the canopy are of higher quality and have a higher species diversity and abundance.
These potential communities are too small and fragmented to note and have been recently
impacted by widening old logging roads. North facing slopes, especially along the
northern ridge, were of good quality and typically maintain a higher plant species
diversity and abundance.
The highest quality habitats on the site are the alluvial forests and seeps along Baird Cove
Creek and the other smaller tributaries and streams, and oak hickory forest and chestnut
oak dominated areas along the northern ridge, and along north facing slopes.
PROTECTED WILDLIFE SPECIES SURVEY AND HABITAT ASSESSMENT
Wildlife Species Survey
Methods: Field surveys consisted of walking major roads, including old logging roads,
as well as newly constructed roads, and recording all faunal species heard or seen,
including all animal signs (i.e., tracks, scat, etc.). Survey emphasis was on the potential
occurrence of state- and federally-listed species and unique habitats. All major tributaries
of the property were walked, and many of the upland habitats were bushwacked. Road
construction and logging were on-going during some parts of the surveys.
The animal species of concern can be found in Appendix E. This list was derived from
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. 2005. Buncombe county- element
occurrences. December 16, 2005. http://www.ncsparks.netlnhplcounty.htmL, and United
States Fish and Wildlife Service, 2005. Threatened and endangered species in North
Carolina - Buncombe county. Updated February 5, 2003. http://nc-
es fws.gov/es/counVfr.html. Only those species with state or federal protection were
included in the revised list.
Results: No state- or federally-listed species or unique habitats were observed on the
property. A list of fauna recorded during surveys is provided in Appendix B.
Habitat Assessment (Wildlife Perspective)
Overall, the site contains good-quality wildlife habitat. Most of the property is forested,
however, much of the site is disturbed as many of the roads for the proposed development
have been cut in. The site contains primarily young stands of second-growth
(approximately 15-25 years old) trees dominated by a variety of oaks and hickories, white
pine, yellow poplar, black cherry, and sugar maple. Stands at the lower and mid-
elevations are generally single-aged and contain a larger component of white pine than
stands at the higher elevations. Stands at the higher elevations, particularly those on the
north-side of the ridge, where the topography is steep, are more mature (50-75 years-old),
and are dominated by chestnut oak, red oak, white pine and yellow poplar. In most of the
uplands, the shrub layer is moderately developed, and the herbaceous layer is sparse as a
result of needle litter from white pines. As a result of past logging, the site is generally
depauperate of large, down woody debris, and contains only moderate levels of snags and
tree cavities, features important to many species of wildlife. A few rock outcrops were
observed, which contain crevices large enough for medium- and small-sized mammals.
No evidence of woodrat activity was apparent at the rock outcrops. Many of the steeper
slopes, especially those on the northern-half of the property, contain some areas of loose,
talus rock, which provide good habitat for snakes. Invasive non-native plants, including
Oriental bittersweet and multiflora rose, are prevalent throughout much of the site.
1 Baird Cove Creek (1-5 feet wide, 1-6 inches deep) and a smaller feeder stream (6-8
inches wide, 1-3 inches deep) are the two main water sources on the property. Both
streams are fed by several springs and contain small seep areas near their source. A few
vernal pools are associated with seep areas along Bard Cove Creek, as well as some
small channels containing softball-sized rocks, which form good breeding habitat for
amphibians. Baird Cove Creek has a moderate gradient, with a sandy bottom
interspersed with some large rocks, and contains good-quality stream salamander habitat.
Stands adjacent to both streams are generally alluvial hardwood forests dominated by
sweet birch, yellow poplar, and red maple. The shrub layer along Baird Cove Creek is
moderately developed, and the herbaceous layer is well-developed and rich.
The highest quality habitats on the site are the alluvial and adjacent forests along Baird
Cove Creek and the oak hickory forest on the ridge and northern slopes on the
northeastern side of the property. The alluvial and adjacent upland forests along Baird
Cove Creek provide high quality breeding habitats for a diversity of amphibians
including four species of salamanders, two species of tree frogs, and the American toad
(see list for specie's names). These forests also provide good quality breeding habitat for
many neotropical migrant songbirds, including acadian flycatcher, eastern pewee, wood
thrush, ovenbird, hooded warbler, and scarlet tanager. The mature oak-hickory forest
along the ridge and northern slopes provide excellent upland habitat for many species of
wildlife including ruffed grouse, wild turkey, gray squirrel, coyote, and black bear, as
4
well as many neotropical migrant songbirds including yellow-billed cuckoo, yellow-
throated vireo, blue-headed vireo, black-throated green warbler, ovenbird, black-and-
white warbler, and worm-eating warbler.
NATURAL COMMUNI'T'Y DESCRIPTION
Vegetation was identified and grouped into community classifications adapted from
Schafale. M. P. and A. S. Weaklev 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North
Carolina NCNHP, NCDEHNR. An observed plant species list can be found in Appendix
A. A map of the terrestrial plant communities can be found in Appendix C.
Montane Pine-Oak-Hickory Forest
The pine dominated montane oak hickory forest covers most of the site. The majority of
the uplands are of this forest type. The forest is in poor to fair condition with evidence of
past logging activities resulting in the mixed pine-hardwood canopy. The canopy is
generally closed with a sparse to dense shrub layer, and a sparse to dense herbaceous
layer. Small areas within this community type are less disturbed and have a stronger
hardwood component. Several small areas of chestnut oak dominated forest exist along
the north facing slope of the northern ridge. These areas are of higher quality including a
more dense and diverse understory.
The canopy supports white pine, scrub pine, short-leaf pine, chestnut oak, white oak, red
oak, black oak, hickory, mockernut hickory, pale hickory, pignut hickory, yellow poplar,
tree of heaven, and a few princess tree, black walnut, and eastern hemlock. The
understory includes transgressives, flowering dogwood, red maple, sourwood, black
cherry, sweet birch, cucumber tree, black locust, honey locust, hawthorn, black gum,
and white ash. The shrub layer supports mountain laurel, great laurel, rhododendron,
blackberry, vaccinium, rose, St. Johns wort, privet, coralberry, Japanese meadow sweet,
red mulberry, serviceberry, wild yam, sassafras, sumac, devil's walking stick, and wild
hydrangea. Vines include Virginia creeper, greenbrier, Oriental bittersweet, poison ivy,
leather flower, and grape. The sparse to dense herbaceous layer supports false Solomon's
seal, solomon's seal, bloodroot, sweet cicely, honewort, false goats beard, goats beard,
aster, alumroot, black cohosh, galax, agrimony, New Jersey tea, white bergamot,
Canadian black snakeroot, microstegium, richweed, lopseed, greater tickseed, marginal
woodfern, broad beech fern, maidenhair fern, hairystem spiderwort, nodding trillium,
rattlesnake plantain, spotted wintergreen, cinquefoil, Christmas fern, whorled loosestrife,
mayapple, and ragwort.
Low Mountain Alluvial Forest
The low mountain alluvial forest is limited to the floodplain of Baird Cove Creek and its
associated small tributary streams, and small areas along the Northern ridge. The largest
and most diverse example is along Baird Cove Creek. This community has a mix of
montane/piedmont species and characteristics. The upper areas along the stream are of
high quality with associated seeps, wetlands, and springs. Plant species diversity is good
with the smaller habitats contributing to overall diversity. The lower areas near the main
road have been bush-hogged and denuded in some areas resulting in a lower quality
forest with little to no vegetated stream buffer. The smaller areas of low mountain
alluvial forest along smaller streams are of good quality, but are more limited to areas
immediately adjacent to the streams. Many of these areas are less disturbed than upland
communities and should be avoided/protected in the development process.
The canopy supports red maple, green ash, sweet birch, red oak, yellow poplar, oak, and
various pine and hardwood species from surrounding communities. The understory
includes transgressives, ironwood, slippery elm, plum/cherry, black gum, black cherry,
and a few American beech, sourwood, buckeye, and eastern hemlock. Shrubs include tag
alder, witch hazel, elderberry, black haw, Japanese barberry, rose, sweetshrub, spicebush,
and privet. Vines include Oriental bittersweet, Virginia creeper, and summer grape. The
herbaceous layer includes ragwort, smartweed, jewelweed, wood nettle, buttercup,
NewYork fern, Christmas fern, glade fern, cinnamon fern, royal fern, rock polypody,
bedstraw, lopseed, squawroot, Japanese knotweed, windflower, bugbane, indian
cucumber root, richweed, primrose willow, jack in the pulpit, thoroughwort, cut-leaf
coneflower, and whorled loosestrife.
Low Elevation Seep
Low elevation seeps are associated with small, steep streams along the valleys across the
site (typically fall within the low mountain alluvial forests or along small streams without
a definitive alluvial forest component). These small communities typically have an open
canopy with some trees from surrounding communities providing cover. The understory
is often relatively sparse especially in inundated/ponded areas. The floodplain and
headwaters of Baird Cove Creek are good representatives of this community type with
seep features also along the smaller tributaries. The quality is higher than the
surrounding communities as logging in these areas can be difficult and is often avoided.
Areas close to heavily logged areas and along logging road crossings are more disturbed
with more species establishing from surrounding communities.
The low elevation seep includes red maple, sweet birch, and green ash in the sparse
canopy. Shrubs include tag alder, elderberry, and spicebush. Vines include greenbrier,
and poison ivy. The herb/fern layer includes cinnamon fern, hay-scented fern, glade fern,
wood nettle, jack in the pulpit, jumpseed, primrose willow, jewelweed, clearweed, cutleaf
coneflower, buttercup, asters, smartweed, soft rush, water horehound, violet, and rock
polypody on exposed boulders.
6
AQUATIC STREAM SURVEY
Methods: Three stations were chosen to accurately assess the entire Baird Cove Creek
within the project area. Methods for each of the following categories are listed below:
Physical Characterization
Land use was determined by observing whether the surrounding land use was urban,
industrial, residential, heavy agriculture, light agriculture, timber harvesting, or forested.
Widths and depths were measured in feet using a tape divided into tenths offeet. Stream
characteristics (sinuosity, substrate, floodplain, etc.) were assessed through the 3 data
forms completed at each station.
Chemical Characterization
Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, and Conductivity were analyzed using a WTW
Multiline P4 water quality meter. These measurements were taken at the stream station.
Data forms from the North Carolina Department of Water Quality (NCDWQ), "Habitat
Assessment Forms:Mountain/Piedmont and Coastal Plain "and "Stream Identification
Form - Version 3.1 ", and from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE),
"Stream Quality Assessment Worksheet- Version 06/03"were completed to assess the
perennial nature and water quality of Baird Cove Creek and its habitats.
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Biological Assessment
A modified version of the NCDENR (2001) EPT rapid assessment method and a Qual 5
method was used to sample benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) populations. Kick samples
were taken from riffle areas using a kick net. Leaf pack samples were taken from random
areas within the - 300 foot section of stream. Sweep net samples were taken to get under
root mats and undercut banks. Visual inspections of rocks, twigs, leaves, etc. were done
to cover any areas missed by the above mentioned methods.
Samples were analyzed and sorted by station and order, placed in vials containing 70%
isopropyl alcohol, and transported to the lab. Each specimen within each vial was
identified to Order level and recorded. Abundance (#specimens) of each Order was
calculated and reported. Further taxonomic identifications can be completed if requested.
Results/Discussion:
Baird Cove Creek is the main stream/wetland complex on the site. Several small
tributaries and numerous seeps and springs supply constant flows with good ground water
recharge. The aquatic survey revealed that the stream is perennial with good habitat for
benthic macroinvertebrates and various amphibians. The water quality is good with no
' evidence of high nutrient/chemical discharges. The results of the physical, chemical, and
macroinvertebrate surveys can be found in Appendix D.
' Baird Cove Creek is a relatively small (1- 5 feet wide) stream with a moderate gradient
and good sinuosity. The banks are mostly stable, except in areas immediately adjacent to
the road. The substrate is diverse with a variety of rocks, boulders, and cobble rather
' loosely embedded in the sandy/gravel stream bed.
The pH of the water is cicrumneutral with a relatively low conductivity (probably the
result of underlying granitic bedrock). Dissolved oxygen levels and temperatures are
' within acceptable parameters for supporting aquatic life. The turbidity of the water
increased as one moves downstream, most likely a result of higher construction and
grading activities mid-stream to the bottom of the site. Sediment pollution was evident in

1 the lower reaches of the project area.
The macroinvertebrate survey revealed a relatively diverse assemblage of orders/taxa
given the small size and available habitat of the stream. Abundance within the orders
was fair to good showing the good health of existing populations and hopefully ensuring
a high reproductive success for these organisms into the future. Overall abundance
decreased slightly at the lower station and is likely the result of higher sedimentation.
The overall quality ofthe Baird Cove Creek and its floodplain is good and is the highest
quality natural area on the site. Caution must be exercised when working and developing
around the stream as any major disturbance along Baird Cove Creek may significantly
' reduce the habitat availability and degrade the existing good water quality.
'
MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
• It is suggested that the forested areas adjacent to Baird Cove Creek and the ridge and
its northern slopes be left undisturbed to protect the water quality of Baird Cove
Creek and to maintain the integrity of the wildlife habitat. A well-developed logging
road follows the north side of the ridge through the mature portion of the oak-hickory
' forest and would make an excellent hiking trail and protected area for residents of the
proposed Versant development.
• Smaller habitats including rock outcrops, seeps, springs, lower slopes, and small areas
of chestnut oak dominated forest should be avoided in the development process.
These sensitive communities provide refugia for unique species and do not respond
well to changes in land-use or impacts from development. Given the nature of these
communities (difficulty in developing rock outcrops and steep lower slopes) and the
protection already in place for the wetland and stream areas, these habitats should be
' have some protection already. These small, aesthetically pleasing habitats should be
showcased as unique ecological areas within the overall development.
1
E

'
Access roads should be aligned to the current logging roads when feasible.
Especially the main arteries going along the ridges to future homesites. This will
prevent any further fragmentation of the forests and reduce the further establishment '
of exotic/invasive species.
• Past management for timber harvesting has resulted in pine dominated forests where '
hardwood species would be dominating. The overall ecological value of the site
would be improved through removal of dense areas of pine. This includes areas
dominated by white pine, scrub pine, and short-leaf pine. Selective cutting of pine '
species would accelerate the succession to hardwood dominated forests and lead to an
increase in species diversity. Left alone these communities may succeed to hardwood
dominated forests over a longer period of time.

1

o 1
C

APPENDIX A:
OBSERVED PLANT SPECIES LIST
10
OBSERVED PLANT SPECIES LIST
Common Name Scientific Name
Woody Vegetation
American beech Fagus grandifolia
Black cherry Prunus serotina
Black gum Nyssa sylvatica
Black oak Quercus velutina
Black locust Robinia pseudoacocia
Black walnut Juglans nigra
Blackberry Rubus spp.
Blackhaw Viburnum prunifolium
Box elder Acer negundo
Buckeye Aesculus sp.
Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana
Chestnut oak Quercus prinus
Chinquapin Castanea pumila
Coralberry Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
Cucumber tree Magnolia acuminata
Devil's walking stick Aralia spinosa
Eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis
Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
Flowering dogwood Cornus florida
Grape Vtis SP.
Great laurel Rhododendron maximum
Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Greenbrier Smilax spp.
Hawthorne Cratageus sp.
Hickory Carya spp.
Holly Rex sp,
Honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos
Honeysuckle Lonicera spp.
Ironwood Carpinus caroliniana
Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii
Japanese meadow sweet Spiraea japonica
Leather flower Clematis sp.
Mock orange Philadelphus sp.
Mockernut hickory Carya tomentosa
Mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia
Multiflora rose Rosa mult f ora
Oak Quercus spp.
11
Oriental bittersweet
Pale hickory
Pignut hickory
' Pin cherry
Pine
Plum/cherry
Poison ivy
1 Princess tree
Privet
Red maple
' Red mulberry
Red oak
Redbud
' Rhododendron
Rose
St. Johnswort
' Sassafras
Scrub pine
Serviceberry
Short leaf pine
' Slippery elm
Smooth sumac
' Sourwood
Spicebush
Sugar maple
Sumac
' Sweet birch
Sweet shrub
Tag alder
Tree of heaven
' Vaccinium
Virginia creeper
White ash
' White oak
White pine
Wild hydrangea
' Witch hazel
Yellow poplar

Herbaceous Vegetation/Ferns
Agrimony
Alumroot

12
Celastrus orbiculatus
Carya pallida
Carya glabra
Prunus pensylvanica
Pinus sp.
Prunus sp.
Toxicodendron radicans
Paulownia tomentosa
Ligustrum sinense
Acer rubrum
Morus rubra
Quercus rubra
Cercis canadensis
Rhododendron spp.
Rosa sp.
Hypericum spp.
Sassafras albidwn
Pinus virginiana
Amelanchier arborea
Pinus echinata
Wmus rubra
Rhus glabra
Oxydendrum arboreum
Lindera benzoin
Acer saccharum
Rhus sp.
Betula lenta
Calycanthus floridus
Alnus serrulata
Ailanthus altissima
Vaccinium spp.
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Fraxinus americana
Quercus alba
Pinus strobus
Hydrangea arborescens
Hamamelis virginiana
Liriodendron tulipifera
Agrimonia sp.
Heuchera americana
American bellflower Campanulastrum americanum
Aster Aster spp.
Beautybush Kolkwitzia amabilis
Bedstraw Galium spp.
Black cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa
Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis
Blue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides
Blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium sp.
Bowman's root Gillenia trifoliata
Bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum
Broad beech fern Thelypteris hexagonoptera
Bugbane Trautvetteria caroliniensis
Buttercup Ranunculus sp.
Canadian black snakeroot Sanicula canadensis
Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides
Cinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea
Cinquefoil Potentilla spp.
Clearweed Pilea pumila
Clustered black snakeroot Sanicula gregaria
Common grape fem Botrychium dissectum
Common plantain Plantago major
Cutleaf coneflower Rudbeckia lacinata
Day lily Hemerocallis sp.
Dock Rumex sp.
Ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron
Evening primrose Oenothera sp.
False goats beard Astilbe biternata
False solomon's seal Smilacina racemosa
Fire pink Silene virginica
Fleabane Erigeron sp.
Galax Galax aphylla
Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata
Giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida
Ginseng Panax quinquefolium
Glade fern Athyrium pycnocarpon
Goats beard Aruncus dioica
Goldenrod Solidago sp.
Greater tickseed Coreopsis major
Hairy skullcap Scutellaria elliptica
Hairystem spiderwort Tradescantia hirsuticaulis
Hay-scented fern Dennstaedtia puctilobula
Honewort Cryptotaenia canadensis
Indian cucumber Medeola virginiana
Iris Iris sp.
13
Jack in the pulpit Arisaema triphyllum
' Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum
Jewelweed Impatiens capensis
Jumpseed Polygonum virginianum
' Lettuce Lactuca sp.
Lobelia Lobelia spp.
Lopseed Phryma leptostachya
' Lyre leaved sage Salvia lyrata
Maidenhair fern Adiantum pedatum
Marginal woodfern Dryopteris marginalis
Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum
Meadow parsnip Thaspium barbinode
Meadow rue Thalictrum sp.
Microstegium Microstegium vimineum
Milkweed Asclepias spp.
New Jersey tea Ceonothus americanus
' New York fern
trillium
Noddin Th elypteris noveboracensis
Trillium cernuum
g
Orchid Orchis sp. (prob. spectabilis)
Oxe-eye daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
' Perfoliate bellwort Uvularia perfoliata
Pokeweed Phytolacca americana
Primrose willow Ludwigia sp.
Ragweed Ambrosia artemesiifolia
Ragwort Senecio sp. (prob. aureus)
Rattle snake fern Botrychium virginianum
Rattlesnake plantain Goodyera pubescens
' Rattlesnake root Prenanthes spp.
Red clover Trifolium pratense

' Richweed
Rock polypody Collinsonia canadensis
Polypodium virginianum
Royal fern Osmunda regalis var, spectabilis
Skullcap Scutellaria sp.
Smartweed Polygonum sp.
Soft rush Juncus sp.
Solomon's seal Polygonatum bi florum
' Spotted wintergreen Chimaphila maculata
Stonecrop Sedum sp. (prob. ternatum)
Squawroot Conopholis americana
Sweet cicely Osmorhiza claytonii
' Sweet scented joe pye weed Eupatorium purpureum
Thoroughwort Eupatorium spp.
Tick trefoil
Trillium Desmodium sp.
Trillium sp.

Venus' pride
Violet
Water horehound
White bergamot
Whorled loosestrife
Wild geranium
Wild yam
Windflower
Winged euonymus
Wingstem
Wood nettle
Wood sorrel
Yazrow
Yellow crownbeard
Yellow mandarin
Zigzag spiderwort
Houstonia purpurea
Viola spp.
Lycopus Sp.
Monarda clinopodia
Lysimachia quadrifolia
Geranium maculatum
Dioscorea villosa
Anemone virginiana
Euonymus alata
Verbesina alternifolia
Laportea canadensis
Oxalis Sp.
Achillea millefolium
Verbesina occidentalis
Prosartes lanuginosa
Tradescantia subaspera
15
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APPENDIX B:
OBSERVED WILDLIFE SPECIES LIST
16
OBSERVED WILDLIFE SPECIES LIST
BUTTERFLYS
Great Spangled Fritillary (Speyeria Cybele)
AMPffiBIANS
Northern Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus f iscus)
Mountain Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus ochrophaeus)
Redback Salamander (Plethodon cinerus)
Spring Salamander (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus)
American Toad (Bufo americanus)
Spring Peeper (Hyla crucifer)
Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis)
REPTILES
Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus)
Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
Black Racer (Coluber constrictor)
Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)
BIRDS
Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus)
Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)
Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus)
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Cocc)zus americanus)
Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris)
Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus)
Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus)
Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens)
Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus)
Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens)
Eastern Pewee (Contopus virens)
Purple Martin (Progne subis)
Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica)
American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)
Carolina Chickadee (Parus carolinensis)
Tufted Titmouse (Parus bicolor)
17
White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus)
Brown Thrasher (Taxostoma ruf an)
' Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)
Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
Yellow throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons)
' Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitaries)
Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia)
Black throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens)
' Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorus)
Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina)
Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus)
American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis)
Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)
Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea)
I Rufous-sided Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus)
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
NL4AUVIALS
Eastern Mole (Scalopus aquaticus)
Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striates)
Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Coyote (Canis latrans)
Black Bear (Ursus americana)
18
APPENDIX C:
APPROXIMATE NATURAL COMMUNITY MAP
19
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11
I
APPENDIX D:
TABLE 1. CHEMICAUPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF
BAIRD COVE CREEK
TABLE 2. BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES OF BAIRD COVE
CREEK.
21
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Table 1. CHEMICAUPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BAIRD COVE CREEK.
Temperature (C)
pH
Dissolved Oxygen
(mg/L)
%saturation
Conductivity (uS)
Turbidity
Mean Depth (ftr
existing water
Mean Width (ft)"
bankfuli
existing water
NC DWQ Habitat Evaluation Form Score
(Out of 100 possible points)
NC DWQ Stream Identification Form Score
(a19 = Intermittent; z30 = Perennial)
USACE Stream Quality Assessment Worksheet
(Out of 100 possible points)
Surrounding Land Use
8CV1 BCV2 BCV3

15.87 16.36 17.36
7.71 7.60 7.76
7.95 8.63 8.25
89.10 95.80 94.50
27 31 50
Clear Slightly turbid Slightly turbid
0.05 0.08 0.07
14.8 21.0 15.1
4.3 4.7 4.9
85 77 68
37.25 39.25 39.75
67 71 60
Forested Forested Forested w/open
road ROW
Table 2. BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES OF BAIRD COVE CREEK.
Order Abundance Abundance Abundance
Stitt-ion S V1 station BCV2 station BCV3
Ephemeroptera 7 11 18
Plecoptera 26 39 30
Trichoptera 32 14 11
Odonata 9 8 4
Diptera 3 3 3
Mollusca 11 13 9
Total # Organisms 88 88 75
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e

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APPENDIX E:
TABLE 1. PROTECTED SPECIES OF CONCERN IN BUNCOMBE
COUNTY (2005).
TABLE 2. EXPLANATION OF STATE AND FEDERAL CODES.
24
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TABLE 2. EXPLANATION OF CODES FOR COUNTY AND QUAD STATUS LISTS (NCNHP-
explanation codes (2005)).
The county and quadrangle status lists provided by the NC Natural Heritage Program tally the elements of natural diversity (rare
plants and animals, rare and exemplary natural communities, and special animal habitats) known to occur in all North Carolina
counties and USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles. The information on which these lists is based comes from a variety of sources, including
field surveys, museums, herbaria, scientific literature, and personal communications. These lists are dynamic, with new records
continually being added and old records being revised as new information is received As a result, a list cannot be considered a
definitive record of the elements of natural diversity present in a given county or quad and should not be used as a substitute for field
surveys.
CODE STATUS CODE STATUS
E Endangered SR Significantly Rare
T Threatened EX Extirpated
SC Special Concern P_ Proposed (E, T, or SC)
C Candidate
NOTE: the definitions of state statuses of plants and animals differ. Below are summaries of the statuses for each group.
Plant statuses are determined by the Plant Conservation Program (NC Department of Agriculture) and the Natural Heritage Program
(NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources). Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species are protected by state
law (Plant Protection and Conservation Act, 1979). Candidate and Significantly Rare designations indicate rarity and the need for
population monitoring and conservation action. Note that plants can have a double status, e.g., E-SC, indicates that while the plant is
endangered, it is collected or sold under regulation.
ODE STATUS DEFINMON
"Any species or higher taxon of plant whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's flora is
etermined to be in jeopardy" (GS 19B 106: 202.12). (Endangered species may not be removed from the wild
E Endangered except when a permit is obtained for research, propagation, or rescue which will enhance the survival of the
ties.)
'Any resident species of plant which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future
T Threatened hroughout all or a significant portion of its range" (GS 19B 106:202.12). (Regulations are the same as for
Endangered species.)
'Any species of plant in North Carolina which requires monitoring but which may be collected and sold under
gulations adopted under the provisions of [the Plant Protection and Conservation Act]" (GS 19B 106:202.12).
SC Special Special Concern species which are not also listed as Endangered or Threatened may be collected from the wild
Concern d sold-under specific regulations. Propagated material only of Special Concern species which are also listed as
Endangered or Threatened may be traded or sold under specific regulations.)
1

n

which are very rare in North Carolina, generally with 1-20 populations in the state, generally
tially reduced in numbers by habitat destruction (and sometimes also by direct exploitation or disease).
pecies are also either rare throughout their ranges (fewer than 100 populations total) or disjunct in North
r
a from a main range in a different part of the country or world. Also included are species which may
-50 populations in North Carolina, but fewer than 50 populations rangewide. These are species which
ave
C Candidate e preponderance of their distribution in North Carolina and whose fate depends largely on their
nservation here. Also included are many species known to have once occurred in North Carolina but with no
own extant occurrences in the state (historical or extirpated species); if these species are relocated in the state,
hey are likely to be listed as Endangered or Threatened. If present land use trends continue, candidate species
likely to merit listing as Endangered or Threatened.
pecies which are very rare in North Carolina, generally with 1-20 populations in the state, generally
bstantially reduced in numbers by habitat destruction (and sometimes also by direct exploitation or disease).
ignificantly ese species are generally more common somewhere else in their ranges, occurring in North Carolina
SR Rare eripherally to their main ranges, mostly in habitats which are unusual in North Carolina. Also included are
e species with 20-100 populations in North Carolina, if they also have only 50-100 populations rangewide
d are declining.
e range of the species is limited to North Carolina and adjacent states (endemic or near endemic). These are
es which may have 20-50 populations in North Carolina, but fewer than 50 populations rangewide. The
L Limited onderance of their distribution is in North Carolina and their fate depends largely on conservation here. Also
eluded are some species with 20-100 populations in North Carolina, if they also have only 50-100 populations
-angewide and declining.
T Throughout ese species are ram throughout their ranges (fewer than 100 populations total)
D Disjunct Irhe species is disjunct to NC from a main range in a different part of the country or world.
e species is at the periphery of its range in NC. These species are generally more common somewhere else in
P Peripheral eir ranges, occurring in North Carolina peripherally to their main ranges, mostly in habitats which are unusual
North Carolina.
O Other The range of the species is sporadic or cannot be described by the other Significantly Rare categories
species which has been formally proposed for listing as Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern, but has
P_ Pro posed of yet completed the legally mandated listing process.
Animal statuses are determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Natural Heritage Program. Endangered, Threatened,
and Special Concern species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, and freshwater and terrestrial mollusks have
legal protection status in North Carolina (Wildlife Resources Commission). The Significantly Rare designation indicates rarity and the
need for population monitoring and conservation action.
CODE STATUS DEFINMON
'Any native or once-native species of wild animal whose continued existence as a viable component of the
State's fauna is determined by the Wildlife Resources Commission to be in jeopardy or any species of wild
E Endangered animal determined to be an 'endangered species' pursuant to the Endangered Species Act." (Article 25 of
hapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987).
'Any native or once-native species of wild animal which is likely to become an endangered species within
he foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range, or one that is designated as a
T Threatened reatened species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General
Statutes; 1987).
'Any species of wild animal native or once-native to North Carolina which is determined by the Wildlife
SC Special esources Commission to require monitoring but which may be taken under regulations adopted under the
I
Concern visions of this Article." (Article 25 of Chapter 113 of the General Statutes; 1987).

which has not been listed by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission as an Endangered,
or Special Concern species, but which exists in the state in small numbers and has been
by the N.C. Natural Heritage Program to need monitoring. (This is a N.C. Natural Heritage
Significantly signation.) Significantly Rare species include "peripheral" species, whereby North Carolina lies at
L
SR Rare y of the species' range (such as Hermit Thrush). The designation also includes marine and
shes identified as "Vulnerable" by the N.C. State Museum of Biological Sciences (Ross et al.,
Threatened. and Rare Fauna of North Carolina. Part II A Reevaluation of the Marine
988,,E?ndangerA
ishes .
EX Extirpated species which is no longer believed to occur in the state.
Species has been proposed by a Scientific Council as a status (Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern,
atch List, or for De-listing) that is different from the cw=t status, but the status has not yet been adopted
P Proposed y the Wildlife Resources Commission and by the General Assembly as law. In the lists of rare species in
_ his book, these proposed statuses are listed in parentheses below the current status. Only those proposed
tatuses that are different from the current statuses are listed.
FEDERAL STATUS
These statuses are designated by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Federally listed Endangered and Threatened species are
protectedunder the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended through the 100th Congress. Unless otherwise
noted,definitions are taken from the Federal Register, Vol. 56, No. 225, November 21, 1991 (50 CFR Part 17).
CODE STATUS DEFINITION
E Endangered taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
taxon "likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all
T
I Threatened r a significant portion of its range."
a Endangered Species Act permits the reintroduction of endangered animals as "nonessential
EXN Endangered, nonessential xperimental" populations. Such populations, considered nonessential to the survival of the
experimental population. pecies, are managed with fewer restrictions than populations listed as endangered.
The Endangered Species Act authorizes the treatment of a species (subspecies or population
ment) as threatened even though it is not otherwise listed as threatened if. (a) The species so
sely resembles in appearance a threatened species that enforcement personnel would have
bstantial difficulty in differentiating between the listed and unlisted species; (b) the effect of
T(S/A) Threatened due to Similarity s substantial difficulty is an additional threat to a threatened species; and (c) such treatment
i
of Appearance. an unlisted species will substantially facilitate the enforcement and further the policy of the
f
The American Alligator has this designation due to similarity of appearance to other rare
4m
ocodilians. The Bog Turtle (southern population) has this designation due to similarity of
appearance to Bog Turtles in the threatened northern population.
taxon under consideration for which there is sufficient information to support listing. This
C Candidate. ategory was formerly designated as a Candidate 1 (CI) species.
Also called "Species at Risk"). Formerly defined as a [axon under consideration for which
FSC Federal "Species of
" ere is insufficient information to support listing; formerly designated as a Candidate 2 (C2)
Concern ecies.
PE Proposed Endangered Species has been proposed for listing as endangered.
PD Proposed De-listed Species has been proposed for do-listing.

Background Study of Cultural Resources
Associated with
Baird Cove Road Tract
Buncombe County,
North Carolina.
1
Compiled for:
Len Rindner
' Environmental Planning Consultant
1
By:
Briece R. Edwards, RPA
CRAG Ref No. 06-149
? Confidential Document

1
' Cultural Resources Assessment Group:
P.O. Box 12107
Raleigh, NC 27605
Archaeology [e-mail]
(LLC) 919 828-8100 or 919 274-4458

INTRODUCTION
Project title: Background Study of Cultural Resources Associated with Baird Cove Road
Tract, Buncombe County, North Carolina (Figure 1).
Location of the project: The tract reported here covers approximately 350 acres situated
on and between Baid and Killian Mountains approximately 1 mile northeast of Woodfin,
in central Buncombe County.
Contracting organization: Mr. Len Rindner, Environmental Planning Consultant,
Matthews, North Carolina.
Principal Investigator and Field Director: Briece R. Edwards.
Field Crew: Matthew Beazley
Dates of field visits: March 2006.
The following sections follow the format of the Guidelines for Preparation of
Archaeological Survey Reports Reviewed by the Archaeology Branch* Division of
Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources and the 1992
edition of the style guide for American Antiquity (volume 54, number 4). The sections
include a description of the project's physical environment and its probable influences,on
past settlement choices and site preservation; an outline of the area's prehistoric and
historic background; a description of field techniques; an inventory of sites recorded
during the survey; a discussion of the archaeological significance of the sites recorded;
recommendations for archaeological management; and a list of sources consulted for the
background research, survey, and evaluation.
This report presents the results of a background search for known cultural
resources associated with the Baird Cove Road Tract (350 acres) on the behalf of Mr. Len
Rindner, Environmental Planning Consultant. Background research was conducted by
Cultural Resources Assessment Group of Raleigh between February and March, 2006
including a site visit on March 23 at the request of Mr. Len Rindner. The initial due
diligence undertaken by the client demonstrates their concern for the potential
sensitivities that may be found. The purpose of the background research was to identify
all reported cultural resources in the form of prehistoric and historic archaeological sites,
historic structures, and cemeteries on and in the vicinity of the development tract. Of
particular interest are those sites that are potentially eligible for inclusion on the National
Register of Historic Places. In addition, our background research sought to present a
history of the tract in order to identify areas with a high probability for potential remains.
2

t

1

1
1
1

Our background study of the tracts examined records and maps at the Office of
State Archaeology, Office of Survey and Planning, North Carolina State Archives, and
various historic and modem documents and maps of the region.
The following report is comprised of four sections Landscape History,
Background Search Results, and Recommendations. Landscape history describes the
prehistoric and historic settlement of the region as it relates to potential archaeological
remains. aatkground Search Results is a listing of sites identified and recorded in
various off f es of the North Carolina. Department of Cultural Resources.
Recommendations present a summary statement of the guidelines aid criteria for
registering a Site with the National Register as well as our suggestions for future
archaeological investigations on these two tracts.
. .. /? N R
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4

Landscape History
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
'The project area is located within at the western extent of the Elk Mountai,:?.
North Carolina's Blue Ridge Belt Mountain physiographic region. l'he :zea s hest
categorized as the "Ashe Metamorphic Suite and Tallus Falls Formation" {Daniels ei w.
1984 which features narrow ridges with steep-sided (Daniels et al. 1984:31)). In
addition, the andscape cf the project area also resembled that of the "Low Mountain
System" only a few miles to the north and west: hie, sharp ridges, steep to precipitous
dopes, and narrow strcum valleys. Most of the tract is made up of :steep-side:a LtpiantiF
with slopes exceeding 25 degrees. Elevations within the tract range from a iow oi about
2400 feet above meaty :yea level at the point where Baird Creek crosses the projjec!.
boundary, up to about 2270 feet at the peak of Killian Mountain at the southern 'Z:ztent of
the tract.
The lands<.a, the tract is 'argely defined by narrow
' valleys with -sr. osrai s Us ? gal fat terraces or steps can slope sides. Overall. the
topography o .,he txac:. cEn ire oughly divided into three categories.
' Fable 3. Tracz are€, by slope (bzsed on Mathis Jr. 1995).
( Descriptia n dope Percentage
i of tract
Upland Sloe t6- 45%n slope) 200/, -
Stee dope 4.15 - 250/o slope) 40%
Very Steep Slope, 11125% and greater)
Erosion in the uplands has been severe, probably in the aftermath ,,i' ouuing ."no
Forest tires. Based on inference from Tremble, this part of the state may have been
subjected to a cumulative loss of'between seven and twelve plus inches ofsoii ovc,r life
past two hundred years (Trimble 1974). K/lost of the narrow ridgctops have "!et.
into ioggint_; and access roads. this e=xtensive system of,:lirt roads: _r(-•stth? ::tQ:.i the
survey by {seating excellent-round surface: visibilitt .hut the # onstruction of `hc road::
:1t1(! their subseutte:nt ?°rosion have probably destroyed or :ieriousiv Iamageft !.tic :iii ;; : t}:t(
11
:night have been found on the rare level ,apiana areas. Based on ,he vre;:encre ,
overgrown roads, bulldozed earthen-berms, and minimal topsoil and/or ptow-zone -A,Ohit}
the forested portions of the tract, it is likely that there has been more than one timbe;ranix
event on the tract. Comments made by local residents support this. One neighbor
discussed the last logging event happening in 1970s and that his father had been part of
the logging team when he was a child.
The area is drained by small tributaries of the French Broad River (If igures 2
- - _ ..e.. - . - - - -- - -
and 3). 'te
Currently the tract is used primarily for hunting though there has been timbering
in recent deca&s. The majority of the upland ridges have been cut an- are occupied by
access roads providing opportune conditions for identifying site loci-through surfac c
exposed artifacts.

t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
A
1
1
1

Figure 4. Example of logged and eroded uplands on the tract.

1

1

PREHISTORIC BACKGROUND
The earliest recorded hmian set' eme its is the Nortth. Carolina, F edmont are
Clovis-period campsites that date from the close of the last Ice Age, about 12,000 years
ago. Fluted Clovis points are occasionally found in surface collections in the region, but
no intact Clovis sites have been recorded in the North Carolina Piedmont. It seems likely
that the County area was occupied by bands of Late, Ice Age hunters 10,000 to 12,000
years age. The oldest excavated site in the North Carolina Piedmont dates from the
' Hardaway period, about 10,000 B.C. to 11,000 B.C. (Coe 1964; Ward and Coe 1976). We
know almost nothing about these earliest North Carolinians. They were probably
nomadic hunters and gatherers, but we do not know whether these eastern Paleo-Indians
resembled their Paleo-Indian contemporaries west of the Mississippi River and also
hunted now-extinct big game animals such as mammoth and bison.
The following Archaic period is somewhat better known, but still the subject of a
great deal of speculation because we lack information about major aspects of subsistence
and social organization. Overviews of the Archaic period have suggested that the
Archaic cultures of eastern North America show an evolutionary sequence in which
nomadic or semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers, fishers, and shellfish collectors developed
regional adaptations to the warmer climates, expanding deciduous forests, and smaller
' game animals of the Holocene (Willey 1966:60; Caldwell 1958). The Early Archaic
period in North Carolina is sub-divided into a Palmer phase (ca. 8,000 B.C.) and a Kirk
' phase (7,000-6,000 B.C.), both characterized by corner-notched points (Coe 1964; Ward
and Coe 1976:11-12). The Middle Archaic period is represented by the Stanly phase
(6,000-5,000 B.C.), the Morrow Mountain phase (5,000-4,500 B.C.), the Guilford phase
7
(4,500-4,000 B.C.), and the Halifax phase (3,500 B.C.) (Coe, 1964; Ward and Coe
1976:11-12). The Late Archaic, or Savannah River period (4,000-500 B.C.) is
characterized by large, triangular points with broad stems and by large bowls carved from
soapstone (Coe 1964:119; Ward and Coe 1976:1976).
C* A Hillsboro
r+. Clarksville
.j A
A Caraway
y.: Uwharrie
is o
SwannanoaYadkin ,
a St irned
U Badin
small Gypej
ssavannahStemmed
NMI
River
iia,
car
is Savannah
River
G uiffi ;
U - Halifax
4 Q
CIL
1
Stanly
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Cot-
sa Kick
Kirk Stenxrwi
Serrated
C Kirk
Comer-Notched
Palmer
Comer-Hatched
=C Hardaway
CW ASidwNutched
?rr G, Col. Hardaway-Daitorw
a
Off. a Hardaway
O
r .
Figure 6, Chart depicting the most common projectile points identified in North
Carolina
From: A Review of Archaeology in the North Carolina Piedmont: A Study of Change, by H. Trawick
Ward. In The Prehistory of North Carolina: An Archaeological Symposium, edited by Mark A. Mathis
and Jeffrey J. Crow. NC Division of Archives and History, Raleigh. 1983.
The Woodland period in eastern North America is marked by the appearance of
farming, pottery, the bow and arrow, and in some areas by the construction of burial and
temple mounds. There were two mounds in Buncombe County that were excavated in
the late 19th century by the Smithsonian Institution. Both mounds date to the
8

' Mississippian period (about 1000..A.D. - A.D. 1450). 14 the North Carolina Piedmont,
the first recognized Woodland period is the Badin (about 500 B.C - A.D. 500), marked by
' sand-tempered, fabric- or cord-marked ceramics and large, often crude triangular points.
Its successor was the Yadkin-period (A.D. 500-1200), whose ceramics resembled its
predecessor's, with occasional linear or check stamping added to the decorative motifs
(Coe 1964:55). Another difference between the Badin pottery and the later Yadkin
' pottery is the latter's use of crushed quartz temper (Coe 1964:30). After A.D. 1200,
regional differences in the Piedmont appeared in the form of Caraway, Uwharrie, Dan
' River, and Hillsborough cultures.
ETHNOHISTORIC BACKGROUND
Although most histories of North Carolina tend to date the first significant India:
' and European contacts to the ?+ nSlish coastal explorations and Roanoke settlements of the
1580s, the Spanish hed explored western North Carolina and had made an unsuccessful
attempt to gan son the Piedmon'?: over 20 years before. During the 1560s, the Spanish
contingent at Santa. Flena (row Parris Island Marine Base in South Carolina) sent an
' expedition un&i Juan Fay do into the western Piedmont and mountains of North Carolina.
According to one interpretation of the Spanish records of these expeditions, the Spanish
soldiers visited Indian villages in the Piedmont in the vicinity of the. present-day towns of
Charlotte, Lincolnton, Hickor v, Pend Maiden, and built a garrison on the French Broad
River north of Vv"e?nvemlle' C °.chi) in Buncombe or Madison County. Another garrison
was built in tL€, vilicinity cY Saii,-,bury and M&-ion (or "Joara") near fhe Catawba River to
the east of cur project area. (J :era might also have been the "%iaala' visited by Hern.ano
de Soto in the expedition of 1 r` 9-1540). Unfortunately, the Spanish recorded little
information about the lndian - encountered on these expeditions. These garrisons were
short-lived because of hostttitkes between the Indians and the Spanish, who burned
several Indian towns, and because of the fragile supply iines between the western
Piedmont and Santa Elena on the lower South Carolina coast (Hudson 1976:116-118;
Hudson et al. 1981; Hudson 1990).
Even before the Rii..Oish and Spanish visits to 1`©rth Carolina in the late sixteenth
century, the Indians of North Carolina may have felt the effects of contact with the Old
World in the form of devastating diseases such as smallpox, measles, chicken pox,
' influenza, whooping cough, bubonic plague, typhus, diphtheria, amoebic dysentery, and
tuberculosis. The worst of these diseases was smallpox, which first broke out in the New
World as early as 1518 or 1519. Resistance to these diseases was so low that a single
outbreak of a disease could destroy half the population of a village, and some tribes were
probably wiped out in the span of one or two generations (Hudson 1976:104-105;
Denevan 1976:4-6).
'
From John Lawson
s description of Indian cultures in the early eighteenth century,
we obtain a picture of small, scattered groups of Indians, often living in palisaded villages
of 17 houses or less (Lefler' 1967:50,55,56). Although these villages were often
associated with large fields of maize, the Indians also relied heavily on wild plants

9

(especially the acorn) and on game for much of their food. They followed a seasonal
round, divided roughly into a winter phase and a spring and summer phase. During the
winter, adult men and women left the main villages to the elderly and the children and
formed satellite camps in the "hunting quarters." From these camps, they hunted and
foraged until spring, when the members of a village returned to it to plant maize, squash,
and other crops. To judge from the comments of Lawson and other travelers, North
Carolina abounded in game: white-tailed deer, turkey, bear, beaver, raccoon, opossum,
rabbit, squirrel, bison, and passenger pigeon. The larger rivers, such as the French Broad
River and its tributary streams, provided many species of fish, including the spring runs
of anadramous fish, which the Indians caught with weirs (Lefler 1967:216-218,182).
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Eighteenth - Twentieth Century
Like much of the western region of the state in the eighteenth century,'ths region
was `the frontier'. Early Euro-American settlers began making their way into the area by
following the French Broad River. Early settlements extended from the main river valley
into the basins of the larger tributaries.
Buncombe County was formed in 1791 from Burke and Rutherford Counties. It
is named in honor of Colonel Edward Buncombe who was a Revolutionary war hero. A
patriot force took the land, originally occupied by the Cherokee, from them during the
Revolutionary War because of their alliance with the British. One of the first settlers in
the region was a Colonel Samuel W. Davidson in 1784. Indians soon killed Davidson but
that did not stop other settlers from arriving in the years to come. In the immediate
vicinity of the project area a John Weaver and his family were the first to settle in 1787.
There are many Weavers living in the county to this day, in fact the town of Weavervillc
derives its name from them. Weaverville was founded in 1832 with the original name of
Salem. It would not be until 1873 that the town's name would change in honor of
Montraville Weaver. Sometime in the 1820's David Crocket came to Buncombe County
and married Elizabeth Patton. Asheville was chartered as the county seat in 1794 under
the original title of Morristown. It would grow to be a large resort and spa town, with the
Battery Park Hotel and Grovepark Inn among others, starting in the 19th century on into
the present.
One of the first industries in the county was livestock herding. Starting around
1800, hundreds of thousands of hogs, cows, and other livestock followed the French
Broad River through the county every month on their way to South Carolina markets.
Feeding the multitude of animals became a prosperous business for a while, until the
local soil became exhausted. Many fields were left fallow and the arrival of the railroad
shortly after ended the need for droving. The railroad did not reach the county until 1880
due to geographical, financial, and political difficulties. This was decades behind the rest
of the state.
10
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1

Local agricultural industry began with Flue-cured tobacco in the 1850's. But the
tobacco industry would disappear by 1900 due to countywide bankruptcy. The tobacco
grower's demise was due to competition with eastern Carolina's strain of bright leaf
tobacco, which was apparently more popular at the time. But growing tobacco would
return in the 1920's with the burley strain and it still thrives alongside poultry and dairy
farming to this day.
REStJLTS 0 c 8-At CXGR4,?UND SEARCH
Backgro ad research on the project areas included a review of maps, aerial
photographs, it grants G i secondary historical sources in the North Carolina State
Archives. In acditio:i, sources were consulted at the Office of State Archaeology, and the
Office of Survey and Fl&uiing.
' Cemetery Survey-
The North Carolina. Cemetery Survey (North Carolina Division of Archives and
History ) had. no ?fles n Ii"a ting cemeteries within the project area or its `"Xinit ,
Office of Surrey aad Plann;ac g
A review of fires and mans at the Office of Survey and Planning found no structures or
remains to be recorded within the Baird Cove tract. The closest structure recorded is the
' Swain home on Beaverdam Creek a couple of miles away.
-The Swain home is the birthplace of two North Carolina Governors. David L.
Swain and Joseph Lane were cousins born in the same year of 1801.
Archaeological Research in the Project Vicinity
A review of the site files in the Office of State Archaeology shows that no
archaeological sites have been recorded within the project area. Currently approximately
7 sites have been reported in the area in Buncombe County, all of them from the 1940's.
Systematic archaeological investigations in Buncombe County began with Cyrus Thomas
of the Smithsonian Institution. In the 1880's he recorded archaeological sites, primarily
' "Mound Sites" in the American Southeast. In his published catalog (Thomas 1891:156)
he reports two sites on the Swannanoa River and Hominy Creek, four miles from
Asheville. There is evidence that the sites were excavated leaving us with a small
description:

1
This mound... 100 yards from the river, is circular, 80 feet in diameter, and 9 feet high.
A wide trench cut through it from side to side and down to the natural soil brought to light
the fact that it was built partly of stone and partly of earth The core or central portion, to
the height of 4 feet above the original surface and covering a space about 30 feet in diameter,
was built of irregular blocks of stone, heaped together without order or plan. The remainder of
the mound was made of dark surface soil. The top layer of earth being removed down to the
rock pile, the entire surface of the latter was found to be covered with charcoal and evidences
that it had been burned here. Among the coal were numerous joints of charred cane. The
stones were all removed, but no remains or relics, save a few arrowheads, were discovered
(Thomas 1891:350).
Also reported in the same Smithsonian volume:
This mound is on the farm of Mr. J.B. Throsh, 1.5 miles fror:s Hominy creek...11 is located
on a ridge, is circular, 33 feet in diameter at the base, and 4, eet high. No remains or
vestiges of art were found in it. Its composition was as fbha,,-s: First, a top layer, 18
inches thick, of red clay similar to that around it, conformin-.o the curve of the mound
and entirely covering the bottom layer of black earth which rested on the original soil.
The latter had evidently been carried from the creek', a mile distant. (Thomas 1891:350).
There has not been much archaeological research conducted in the region up to
dis point ir. time. This is mainly due to the lack of large-scale development in the area,
watch would motivate research to be conducted. The 7 sites that have been excavated in
tt -1 region were done under the supervision of a Mr. Johnston. This fieldwork was
discovered on microfiche and no field report was written so the reason for'the
undertaking is unknown.
We define a prehistoric site as an area where we find at least one artifact dating to
the prehistoric period (for example, a flake from manufacturing or repairing stone tools, a
stone projectile point, or a pots%:-erd). We define an historic site as an area containing
patterned evidence of settlement (house foundations or concentrations of building debris
and domestic artifacts, for example) or industry (a mill or still site, for example) dating'
between colonial settlement in the mid-eighteenth century and 1956 (the minimum age
26r National Register of Historic Places eligibility is 50 years). Practically applied, we
would classify, for instance, the remains of a foundry, a bridge, a mill, or a house dating
before 1956 as an archaeological site. An isolated fragment of whiteware or bottle glass
would not be recorded as a site.
Regionally, many of the larger area surveys have been to the south-east in the
Pisgah National Forest in mountainous terrain similar, though with a greater percentage
of very steep slope, compared to that found in the project area. Those upland surveys
have reported a low density of prehistoric sites (ranging from a maximum of one site per
25 acres to as low as one site per 100 acres), usually small, lithic sites on ridgetops,
ridgetoes, and. saddles (Radisch et al 1989; Snedeker et al 1988; Snedeker et al 1989;
Burchett and Snedeker 1994). The report of one of these surveys suggested an upland
site distribution model, in which some the systems of ridgelines and saddles were used as
prehistoric travel routes. The ridges serving as preferred travel routes would have a
higher density of prehistoric sites. "Dead-end" ridges that did not provide easy access to
other areas should have a much lower density of sites (Stephenson 1985). This "travel
12
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
route" model might help to explain the low density of prehistoric sites in the project area's
uplands (in spite of good to excellent survey conditions).
During the background research of the region, seven sites were identified in the
vicinity of the project. They were located on microfiche and there is very little
information about them.
Site = 31BN-6 1944-1964
PPK, Sherds, Flakes
Site = 31BN-7 1940- Johnston
PPK, Sherds, Flakes
Site i 31BN-11 1940- Johnston
Graves- PPKs
Heavy erosion
Site = 31BN-16 19441- Sohnston
PPK, Sherds, Flakes
Site = 31BN-18 1940- Johnston
PPK, Scraper, Sherds, Fla!,--!s,
Site = 31BN-19 1940- Johnston
PPK, Scraper, Sherds, Flaky ,s
Site = 31BN-56 1940- Johnston
PPK, Scraper, Sherds, Flakes,
13
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' Aerial Photographs and Maps
t As part of our background research of the tract aerial photographs, historic and
contemporary maps were consulted in an effort to identify areas of minimally impacted
or disturbed soils, and possible historic structures or cemeteries. The maps below
' exemplify what was found on the Historic maps; that the region was unreported for much
of the 18th-19th century. This does not suggest there were no residents in the area, only
that they were not recorded on thQ maps examined at the NC Archives.

1
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16

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Aerial photographs of the region were not available for review from the North Carolina
Archives.
The Landscape -
Based on the site visits to the tract it is evident that most of the tract has been
subject to extensive erosion and cycles of timbering.
Areas of sheet erosion with exposed clay sub-soils were evident in several places,
mostly associated with upland flats and saddles. No prehistoric materials were identified
at the time of the site visit. The majority of the upland flat surfaces are very narrow and
generally disturbed due to current and previous road ware.
site visit
Tl e si* visit to the tract in March 2006 identified two structurerem?gi.?s. Both in elosex ` .
proximity to Baird Creek.
Site No. 1 is characterized by stone foundations and a standing chimp{.. The small
structure once spanned the narrow eyeek- With the approximately 11/4 of the stnkture and
Chimney (Figure 13) on the north side and the remainingon-the south. Today the
chimney iA standing and appears to have been re-pointed and convrerted to a `roadside
cook spot'., The banks.of the creek at this point have been shored and channeled with &-y
stone cor struction (Figure 14). Eased on the maps his site lnkely dates to the 193Qs acid
may be:ene-ofthe `huts' identified on the 1938 county road map. ,
18
Figure 13. Chimney and north foundations at Site 1.
SW- No. 2. is located. appro,rL,n^.`.ely 50m north of Site N,.... Lik;: the.previous site it
1 ke;° ` de, 6 to th-. e,Ly f;- k;: y be ine;cexe, on I-F " Cowny Road map and
tho 11-7,20 Soil Sww lzx p: lw is <-WIcated on the Soy side c 'I?ah Creek and appears to
hav ':; ee i hew ily 6?mcged b .Y "Xding. L acal re id.?nce. _ Z cri:oe t -ese sites as having
been terape gar or seaso T Lesl '.?,ns s d +i g the sum=- r m : aths: Pas one in particulm-
was described ao, hL, -np a. ` I',! used rte, the loggers r: l ;ad e? tli ? the w-F- was cut
over' according to cue loc.all resident:.
STANDARDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Our evaluations of archaeological significance come from the published criteria of
the National Register of Historic Places (National Park Service 1991) for establishing
historic significance for structures, sites, or objects that possess integrity of location,
design, setting, materials, craft, feeling, and association and that:
19

A. are associated with events that have made a significant
contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
B. are associated with the lives of persons significant in our
past; or
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or
method of construction or that represent the work of a
master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent
a significant and distinguishable entity whose components
may lack individual' distinctions; or
D. have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information
important in prehistory or h1_szory.
Some types of properties are no? eligible for National Register status:
properties less than 50 years in age; F ches; cQmeteries; commemorative items, such as
;.nihc monuments; and structures from their original locations or substantWly
ax sered. If these types of properties are an inter :al part of a U rger National Register
&-trict, they might niu lify for Nat:aaz7 Regietz- states (Ne icnal Par Service 1991).
For prehistoric sites, the most nlevant criterion is "D." Do these prehistoric sites
Lave t ° potential to produce signifi-_x; t nforma-don and new insights on the region's .
prehisteric ;past? .
}
In spite of the t hnolo ;ieai v }:yblems ;?gyp research on dist shed; low density
upland sites, these resom es sl?c::lt. 4- :?' be nc? -pouted. into a regional research context,
but in ways that recognize our cuiTen* Emita ons in extracting information' form their.
?.s other- archaeoiogi:l s have illusixate:st fan ouw and Goodyear 1985:182), uplands fore-
the vast majority of tihe Carolina and Mountain, terrain, anc thousands of
' p:?histcric uplanc se'-ements t,rt r; ave played ari i porLir in the overall
settlement and subsistence patterns throughout prehistory. Data from these disturbed
tpand sites can be used to study tree s in settlement location choices, rising or declining
numbers of sites in different pencds, raw material use (especially for diagnostic stone
points), reoccupation of particular locations, and other research questions (Canouts and
Goodyear 1985). Some of the data from this survey may eventually be useful in studies
of the late prehistoric early historic settlement patterns for instance. In many cases, most
of these data can be recorded during the initial survey and analysis.
In the case of historic sites the most relevant archaeological criterion is also "D",
and we must ask whether these historic-period sites have the potential to produce
significant information and new insights on the region's history.
20
n
SUMMARY -- ---
Based on the review of records at "the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology,
Office of Survey and Planning, State Cemetery Survey and North Carolina Archives it is
' evident that settlement and related activities spanning several millennia are present in the
vicinity of the Baird Cove Tract. The landscape is consistent with site location models
indicating that prehistoric archaeological sites are likely to be identified on upland flats,
and terraces near the confluence of creeks and rivers as well as spring-heads. The flood
plain and adjacent terraces are landforms frequently associated with Woodland period
remains. Several sites of this period have already been identified near by adjacent to the
French Broad River and its tributaries. The majority of sites are likely to be identified on
the upland r..dges and saddles.
Thia same tract higblighi s the settlement pattern of the region by Europeans and
African-Americans beg* ingiin the mid-18 h century. The availability of land grants and
patents give ?,m opportunity to re^ronstruct the likely owners of potential remains on the
tract. Thout L r milxs.'iav ',Y.;er previously recorded on,this tract it is possible that
small fami:.4 ,verated ones .-'; '-rave once been present.
Recomme?atec v
Singe tiie sire- identi?lnd are releltively recent in age and heavily impacted by
flooding we do not feei the, eligilble foc nomination to the Nation Register of
Historic Places. However de"ziied recording may be beneficial. In L:ddition, these sites
and any of in identified ior7 this stretch of Baird Creep are likely to be protected y
,?akT-Trg wiua t the stream'
6
The, ; -nited availability of geologic=al survey information in the area, specifically
' Buncombe County, make it rL - -t to identify potentiaa areas. By undertaking this as s
`Due Diligence' o dy the majority ofsitec will be identified and development plans can
take thenb into account from the outset.
If ixlzgai excavation c ° vandalism of archaeological sites is observed, or if
' unrecorded cultural resources and remains are encountered during project clearing and/or
construction, the developer and/or its agents should immediately contact the following
representatives of the NC Office of State Archaeology:
Human Remains and /or Unmarked Graves - Dr. Steve Claggett, State Archaeologist,
NC Office of State Archaeology, Raleigh, 919.733.7342
1
1

21

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' Derrick, B.B., and S.O. Perkins
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Raleigh, NC.

1
28
Hobbs, Samuel Huntington, Jr.
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29 1

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}
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30

Redwine, John M. '
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31 1
1
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' Ward, Trawick
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' Ward, Trawick, and Joflie L. Coe
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