20091075 Ver 1_401 Application_20091009

p9.. 1 07 5

Office Use Only.
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Pre-Construction Notification PCN Form
A. Applicant Information
1. Processing AC&I
1 a . Type(s) of approval sought from the
Corps:
®Section 404 Permit El Section 10 Permit
1 b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: 27 or General Permit (GP) number.-
1 c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps? F0yes ? No
1 d . Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
® 401 Water Quality Certification - Regular ® Non-404 Jurisdictional General Permit
? 401 Water Quality Certification - Express ? Riparian Buffer Authorization
1e. Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required? For the record only for DWQ 401
Certification:
? Yes ® No For the record only for Corps Permit:

? Yes ® No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in-lieu fee program proposed for mitigation
of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank or in-lieu
fee program. ? Yes ® No
1g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1h
below. ? Yes ® No
1h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)? ? Yes ® No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project: Wayne Parker
2b. County: McDowell
2c. Nearest municipality / town: Old Fort, NC _ L
2
2009
2d. Subdivision name: -
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state
project no: D
WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed: Wayne Parker
3b. Deed Book and Page No. 816-875
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable):
3d. Street address: 1498 Parker Padgett Rd
3e. City, state, zip: Old Fort, NC 28762
3f. Telephone no.: 828-668-7135
3g. Fax no.:
3h. Email address:
Page I of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is: ? Agent ® Other, specify: owner
4b. Name:
4c. Business name
(if applicable):
4d. Street address:
4e. City, state, zip:
4f. Telephone no.:
4g. Fax no.:
4h. Email address:
5. Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name: Jake Stokes, P.E.
5b. Business name
(if applicable): USDA-NRCS
5c. Street address: 589 Raccoon Road, Ste. 246
5d. City, state, zip: Waynesville, NC 28786
5e. Telephone no.: 828-456-6341 x5
5f. Fax no.: 828-452-7031
5g. Email address: [e-mail]
Page 2 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID): 067900089971
1 b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees): Latitude: 35.631 Longitude: - 82.125
(DD.DDDDDD) (-DD.DDDDDD)
1 c. Property size: 21 acres
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to
proposed project: Brevard Creek
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water: C
2c. River basin: Catawba
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
Small Livestock operation. Stream through property has severely eroding banks and subsequent sedimentation and
degradation
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
3000
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
To stabilize the stream using Natural Channel Design to reduce bank erosion, restore wildlife habitat
and improve water
,
quality
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Stabilize banks by excavating bankfull benches and sloping at 2:1 min. slope, adjust channel to proper dimension
install
i
,
n-stream structures to maintain proper alignment. Hydraulic excavator will be used. Temporary seeding will be
completed in with in seven days of completion
4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this property /
project (including all prior phases) in the past? ? Yes ® No ? Unknown
Comments:
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
of determination was made? ? Preliminary ? Final
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas? Agency/Consultant Company:
Name (if known): Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for
this project (including all prior phases) in the past? ? Yes ® No ? Unknown
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
Page 3 of 11
PCN Form -Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project?
6b. If yes, explain.
? Yes ® No
Page 4 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
U. vroposed impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1 a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
? Wetlands ® Streams - tributaries ® Buffers
? Open Waters ? Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a.
Wetland impact 2b. 2c. 2d. 2e.
Type of jurisdiction 2f.
number -
Permanent (P) or Type of impact Type of wetland
(if known) Forested (Corps - 404, 10
DWQ Area of impact

Tem ora T - non-404, other) (acres)
W1 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W2 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W3 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W4 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W5 ? P ? T ? Yes ? Corps
? No ? DWQ
W6 [I P ? T El Yes El Corps
? No ? DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a.

Stream impact
number - 3b.

Type of impact 3c.

Stream name 3d.

Perennial 3e.

Type of jurisdiction if.

Average
3g.
Impact

Permanent (P) or
Temporary (T) (PER) or
intermittent (Corps - 404, 10
DWQ - non-404, stream
width length
(linear
(INT)? other) (feet) feet)

S1 ? P ®T Temporary
turbidity
Brevard Creek
PER
®
El INT ® Corps

®DWQ 18ft
bankfull
2100
width
S2 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S3 ? P ? T [I PER F1 Corps
? INT ? DWQ
Q
S4 F-] P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ?DWQ

S5 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
S6 ? P ? T ? PER ? Corps
? INT ? DWQ
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts
3i
C
.
omments:
Page 5 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individually list all open water impacts below.
4a. 4b. 4c. 4d. 4e.
Open water Name of waterbody
impact number - (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody type Area of impact (acres)
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
01 ?P?T
02 ?P?T
03 ?P?T
04 ?P?T
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If and or lake construction proposed, then complete the chart below.
5a. 5b. 5c. 5d. 5e.

Pond ID
Proposed use or purpose Wetland Impacts (acres) Stream Impacts (feet) Upland

number
f
d (acres)
o
pon
Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded Filled Excavated Flooded
P1
P2
K Total
5g. Comments:
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
? Yes ? No I f yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below . If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If an impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
? Neuse ? Tar-Pamlico ? Other:
Project is in which protected basin? ? Catawba ? Randleman
6b.
Buffer impact 6c. 6d. 6e. 6f. 6g.
number -
Permanent (P) or Reason
for
Stream name Buffer
mitigation Zone 1 impact
(square feet) Zone 2 impact
(square feet)
Temporary T impact re uired?
B1 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B2 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
B3 ?P?T ?Yes
? No
6h. Total buffer impacts
6i. Comments:
Page 6 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
Minimal proposed grading below bankfull; installation of seed, mulch, and erosion control matting
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
Equipment will work from the top of bank whenever possible; prompt seed, mulch, and ECM application following construction
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State? ? Yes ® No
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply): ? DWQ ? Corps

2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project? ? Mitigation bank

E] Payment to in-lieu fee program
? Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank:
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter) Type Quantity
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In-lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in-lieu fee program is attached. ? Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested: linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature: ? warm ? cool ?cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only): square feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4f. Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested: acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested: acres
4h. Comments:
5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
Page 7 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) - required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requires ? Yes ® No
buffer mitigation?
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.
6c. 6d. 6e.
Zone Reason for impact Total impact Multiplier Required mitigation
(square feet) (square feet)
Zone 1 3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2 1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation required:
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank
,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an approved in-lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 8 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1 a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules? ? Yes ? No
1 b. If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
Comments: ? Yes ? No
2. Stormwater Management Plan
2a. What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project? %
2b. Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan? ? Yes ? No
2c. If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why:
2d. If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:

2e. Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan? ? Certified Local Government
? DWQ Stormwater Program
? DWQ 401 Unit
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project?
? Phase II
3b. Which of the following locally-implemented stormwater management programs ? NSW
apply (check all that apply): ? USMP
? Water Supply Watershed
? Other:
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been ? Yes ? No
attached?
4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review
? Coastal counties
4a. Which of the following state-implemented stormwater management programs apply El HQW
? ORW
(check all that apply): ? Session Law 2006-246
? Other:
4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
attached? ? Yes ? No
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a. Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements?
? Yes ? No
5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met?
? Yes ? No
Page 9 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1 a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the
use of public (federal/state) land? ®Yes ? No
1 b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State ? Yes ® No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1 c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
letter.) ? Yes ? No
Comments:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards, ? Yes ® No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 28 .0200)?
2b. Is this an after-the-fact permit application? ? Yes ® No
2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s):
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? ? Yes ® No
3b. If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
Page 10 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or
habitat?
F-1 Yes
®No
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act
impacts?
? Yes
No
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted. E] Raleigh
? Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
NRCSS technical guide
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat? ? Yes ® No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?

? Yes

No
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
USDA/NRCS Archeologist
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain? ? Yes
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements: ? No
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination?

Applicant/Agent's Printed Name Ap licant/ gent's Signature
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant
is rovided. Da e
Page 11 of 11
PCN Form - Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version
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Wayne Parker
Stream Bank Stabilization
Brevard Creek
Specifications, Drawings, and Details

}
McDowell County, North Carolina
October 2009
CONTENTS
Narrative
Specifications
• Excavation
• Rock Structures
• Log Vanes
• Streamside Herbaceous Vegetation
• Streamside Woody Vegetation
• Tree Revetment Stabilization Structure
• Geotextile (Fabric Filter Cloth) Materials
Construction Drawings
GENERAL PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Wayne Parker Farm
Stream Bank Stabilization
Brevard Creek
McDowell County, North Carolina
This stream bank stabilization project will primarily address severe bank erosion in
sections along this 2500 foot long reach of Brevard Creek. Stabilization methods used
will include excavation of bankfull benches, bank sloping, rock and wood in-stream
structure installation, dimension adjustment, and minor adjustment of stream alignment.
Fencing cattle from the stream and riparian buffer establishment will provide long term
stability to problem areas addressed throughout this project.
Along the upper 1,400 feet of the project reach south of Parker Padgett Road, there are
several areas where the stream is laterally migrating causing severe bank erosion.
Bankfull bench excavation will relieve pressure on these banks during high flows. Rock
and log in-stream structures will be installed in places to protect the banks. A 100 foot
section exhibits overly wide channel dimension resulting in mid-channel deposition and
subsequent bank erosion. Here, the mid-channel bar will be removed and channel
dimension corrected. Work will only take place on the left bank of this 1,400 foot section
of the reach because the landowner does not own the right bank of the stream. There are
some areas of functioning riparian buffer along this section of the reach which will be
protected to the extent possible. Cattle are already excluded from this area, but new
fence will be installed to provide some buffer width.
Along the lower 700 feet of the project reach south of Parker Padgett Road, bank and
channel instability is more widespread due to cattle access to the stream and very little
presence of a riparian buffer. Improvements will be made to both banks in this section of
the reach. More extreme lateral migration is evident in this section with severe bank
erosion and bed sedimentation. Slight channel alignment adjustments will be made in
two areas along with in-stream structure installation to correct this problem. Eroding
banks will have bankfull benches excavated and rock and log in-stream structures will be
installed to protect sensitive bank areas. Cattle will be excluded from both stream banks.
Along the 400 foot reach south of Parker Padgett Road, there are some extremely high
eroding banks due likely to a head-cut moving up from the nearby Catawba River.
Benching is not possible in these areas due to the height of the bank. Unstable vertical
banks will just be sloped and stabilized to prevent further mass-wasting. Cattle are
already excluded from this area, but new fence will be installed to provide some buffer
width.
All disturbed banks will be protected with erosion control matting and planted with
native riparian vegetation.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
21. EXCAVATION
1. SCOPE
The work shall consist of the excavation required by the
drawings and specifications and disposal of the excavated
materials.
2. CLASSIFICATION
Excavation will be classified as common excavation or
rock excavation in accordance with the following
definitions or will be designated as unclassified.
Common excavation shall be defined as the excavation of
all materials that can be excavated, transported, and
unloaded by the use of heavy ripping equipment and wheel
tractor-scrapers with pusher tractors or that can be
excavated and dumped into place or loaded onto hauling
equipment by means of excavators having a rated capacity
of one cubic yard or larger and equipped with attachments
(such as shovel, bucket, backhoe, dragline or clam shell)
appropriate to the material type, character, and nature
of the materials.
Rock excavation shall be defined as the excavation of all
hard, compacted or cemented materials that requires
blasting or the use of ripping and excavating equipment
larger than defined for common excavation. The
excavation and removal of isolated boulders or rock
fragments larger than one (1) cubic yard encountered in
materials otherwise conforming to the definition of
common excavation shall be classified as rock excavation.
The presence of isolated boulders or rock fragments
larger than one (1) cubic yard will not in itself be
sufficient cause to change the classification of the
surrounding material.
For the purpose of these classifications, the following
definitions shall apply:
Heavy ripping equipment shall be defined as a rear-
mounted, heavy duty, single-tooth, ripping attachment
mounted on a track type tractor having a power rating of
at least 250 flywheel horsepower unless otherwise
specified in Section 10.
Wheel tractor-scraper shall be defined as a self-loading
(not elevating) and unloading scraper having a struck
bowl capacity of at least twelve (12) cubic yards.
NRCS-NEH-20 Iof4 10/98
Pusher tractor shall be defined as a track type tractor
having a power rating of at least 250 flywheel horsepower
equipped with appropriate attachments.
3
4
5
6.
UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION
Excavation designated as "Unclassified Excavation" shall
include all materials encountered regardless of their
nature or the manner in which they are removed. When
excavation is unclassified, none of the definitions or
classifications stated in Section 2, CLASSIFICATION,
shall apply.
BLASTING
The transportation, handling, storage, and use of
dynamite and other explosives shall be directed and
supervised by person(s) of proven experience and ability
who are authorized and qualified to conduct blasting
operations.
Blasting shall be done in such a manner as to prevent
damage to the work or unnecessary fracturing of the
foundation and shall conform to any special requirements
in Section 10 of this specification. When specified in
Section 10, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer in
writing, a blasting plan prior to blasting operations.
USE OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS
Method 1 To the extent they are needed, all suitable
materials from the specified excavations shall be used in
the construction of required permanent earthfill or
rockfill. The suitability of materials for specific
purposes will be determined by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall not waste or otherwise dispose of
suitable excavated materials.
Method 2 Suitable materials from the specified
excavations may be used in the construction of required
earthfill or rockfill. The suitability of materials for
specific purposes will be determined by the Engineer.
DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIALS
Method 1 All surplus or unsuitable excavated materials
will be designated as waste and shall be disposed of at
the locations shown on the drawings.
Method 2 All surplus or unsuitable excavated materials
will be designated as waste and shall be disposed of by
the Contractor at sites of his own choosing away from the
site of the work in an environmental acceptable manner
and that does not violate local rules and regulations.
NRCS-NEH-20 2of4 10/98
7. EXCAVATION LIMITS
8.
9.
Excavations shall comply with OSHA Construction Industry
Standards (29CFR Part 1926) Subpart P, Excavations,
Trenching, and Shoring. All excavations shall be
completed and maintained in a safe and stable condition
throughout the total construction phase. Structure and
trench excavations shall be completed to the specified
elevations and to the length and width required to safely
install, adjust, and remove any forms, bracing, or
supports necessary for the installation of the work.
Excavations outside of the lines and limits shown on the
drawings or specified herein required to meet safety
requirements shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor in constructing and maintaining a safe and
stable excavation.
BORROW EXCAVATION
When the quantities of suitable materials obtained from
specified excavations are insufficient to construct the
specified earthfills and earth backfills, additional
materials shall be obtained from the designated borrow
areas. The extent and depth of borrow pits within the
limits of the designated borrow areas shall be as
specified in Section 10 or as approved by the Engineer.
Borrow pits shall be excavated and finally dressed to
blend with the existing topography and sloped to prevent
ponding and to provide drainage.
OVER-EXCAVATION
Excavation in rock beyond the specified lines and grades
shall be corrected by filling the resulting voids with
portland cement concrete made of materials and mix
proportions approved by the Engineer. Concrete that will
be exposed to the atmosphere when construction is
completed shall meet the requirements of concrete
selected for use under Construction Specification 31,
Concrete for Major Structures, or 32, Structure Concrete,
as appropriate.
Concrete that will be permanently covered shall contain
not less than five (5) bags of cement per cubic yard.
The concrete shall be placed and cured as specified by
the Engineer.
Excavation in earth beyond the
shall be corrected by filling
approved compacted earthfill,
is to become the subgrade for
gravel bedding, or drainfill,
specified lines and grades
the resulting voids with
except that, if the earth
riprap, rockfill, sand or
the voids may be filled
NRCS-NEH-20 3of4 10/98
with material conforming to the specifications for the
riprap, rockfill, bedding or drainfill. Prior to
correcting an over-excavation condition, the Contractor
shall review the planned corrective action with the
Engineer and obtain approval of the corrective measures.
10. ITEMS OF WORK AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Items of work to be performed in conformance with this
specification and the construction details therefore are:
1. Excavation General
a. Topsoil shall be stockpiled and spread in
accordance with Construction Specification 426 and
in the locations as directed by the engineer.
b. CLASSIFICATION is common excavation.
c. USE OF MATERIALS shall be method 1.
d. DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIALS shall be method 1.
Waste Disposal areas are not shown on the
drawings, Disposal areas will be designated by the
engineer.
e. All spoil material shall be vegetated and
stabilized against erosion and sedimentation
immediately after placement.
The extent of excavation will be Bankfull Benching and Bank
Sloping as shown on the plans.
NRCS-NEH-20 4of4 10/98
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
INSTREAM STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED OF ROCK
1) SCOPE
This specification covers the installation of Rock Vanes, J-Hooks, and Cross Vanes at locations
as shown on the construction plans and as directed by the engineer.
2) PURPOSE
Redirect erosive velocities away from streambanks
Provide aquatic habitat
Cross Vanes may be used for grade control
3) DEFINITIONS
ROCK VANE -A deflective structure installed pointing upstream, beginning at bankfull sloping
down to the streambed. The angle at which the vane points upstream from the
bank shall be 20-30 degrees. The slope of the top surface of the vane will be 5-7
percent. The vane should extend from the bank to approximately 1/3 of channel
width. (See fig. 1)
J-HOOK - A rock vane with a hooked portion on the streambed. The hook provides
additional habitat. (See fig. 2) May included a sill (See fig. 3) which continues
across the stream bed from the hook portion of the structure, perpendicular to
the flow and follows the shape and elevation of the stream bed and stream bank
up to interberm or as directed by the engineer.
CROSS VANE - A rock vane from both sides of the stream with a connecting bar on the
streambed. If this structure is used for grade control, the existing streambed
elevation may be increased by no more than 10 percent of bankfull, unless a
greater increase is provided for in the approved design. (See fig. 4)
ENGINEER - The USDA-NRCS and/or SWCD person(s) who have appropriate construction
approval authority for Practice Standard 580, Streambank and Shoreline
Protection for the specific size and type of structure.
STREAMBANK - portions of intermittent or perennial streambanks which are eroding at an
accelerated rate due to the effects of stream flow near banks without adequate
vegetative cover and supporting riparian area.
BANKFULL - The stream flow level at which the stream channel is formed and maintained.
The term "bankfull" should not be confused with "the top of the bank". Persons
USDA-NRCS page 1 of 6 Rock Structures
North Carolina August 1999
who have received training in Natural Stream Channel evaluation shall identify
the bankfull elevation.
THALWEG - The deepest part of the channel where the highest channel velocities occur.
4) PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
This practice should be applied as a part of a total Natural Stream Channel Restoration design.
These structures are not intended to be a total solution to the streambank erosion problem in
themselves. They are to be used as a component of a total streambank management plan, which
may require a number of associated practices. In some cases modification of the stream
dimension, pattern and profile may be required before structures are installed. The use of rock
structures without considering the stable dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream will most
likely result in failure.
5) PERMITTING
No work, which is covered by this specification, shall be performed until the Army Corp of
Engineers has issued a Section 404 permit and the Division of Water Quality has issued a
Section 401 certification (if required). The final construction plans and specifications must be
prepared and approved prior to the beginning of construction.
6) EQUIPMENT
• A hydraulic excavator (trackhoe) with a hydraulic "thumb" shall be used to handle and install
the rocks
• All required safety equipment shall be available during construction. Safety equipment
includes but is not limited to hard hats, gloves, and eye and hearing protection.
7) SUPERVISION
The engineer must be on-site to supervise and inspect each operation as it is performed. No
work, which is covered by this specification, shall be performed in the absence of the engineer
except as approved by the engineer. The work shall be conducted as directed by the engineer.
The engineer shall be notified a minimum of 24 hours before installation is performed.
8) INSTALLATION
The engineer shall place a marker at the point where the last rock of the structure will meet
the streambed. This marker shall be set at a point, which represents the planned angle from
bankfull and the planned slope of the structure. The engineer should check to see if this point
is approximately '/3 of the total channel width.
Holes for footer rocks shall be excavated in the streambed at the location, elevation and
orientation as directed by the engineer.
USDA-NRCS page 2 of 6 Rock Structures
North Carolina August 1999
• A footer rock of the size and shape as directed by the engineer shall be installed in the hole.
Multiple footer rocks may be required, at the discretion of the engineer or as provided for in
the approved plan.
• A structure rock of the size and shape as directed by the engineer shall be installed on top of
the footer rock.
• Streambed material will be removed as directed by the engineer if it is required to move the
thalweg of the stream to the point of the structure.
• Streambed material shall be placed on the upstream side of the structure near the bank.
• Equipment shall be operated from the streambank whenever possible.
• Equipment which appears to be leaking fluids shall be removed to a safe site away from the
stream corridor until it is repaired and confirmed that no leaks exist.
9) ASSOCIATED PRACTICES
• ROOT WADS and related instream structures planned as an integral component of the
natural stream channel restoration design.
• CRITICAL AREA SEEDING shall be applied on all disturbed areas.
• WOODY VEGETATION shall be established on the sloped bank above bankfull and on top
of the bank.
• RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFER should be considered.
• LIVESTOCK EXCLUSION shall be installed if livestock are pastured in the area.
10) FIGURES
Figures attached to this specification illustrate the placement and orientation of the various
instream rock structures which may be included in the plan. Figures are as follows:
Figure 1 - Rock Vane
Figure 2 - J Hook
Figure 3 - J Hook with sill
Figure 4 - Cross Vane
USDA-NRCS page 3 of 6 Rock Structures
North Carolina August 1999
11) ITEMS OF WORK
Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and the construction
details therefore are:
a. Construct bank stabilization measures at the Wayne Parker Farm on the Brevard Creek in
McDowell County at the locations as shown on the construction drawings and as directed by
the Engineer.
b. Ingress and egress of equipment and materials shall be only at locations and through routes
as approved by the Engineer.
c. Provide all equipment, tools, materials and labor required to install a minimum of 3 J-Hook
Rock Vanes (see figures on construction drawings) which will require approximately 23
rocks for each structure, approximately 2.5'x 1.5'x F or of a similar mass. Also install one
J-Hook Rock Vane with Sill which will require approximately 31 rocks of the same size.
Each Log Vane will require approximately 6 rocks of the same size.
d. Approximately 130 rocks of the above mentioned size or equivalent will be required for this
project. This estimate is 36.5 Tons. 100 linear feet of fabric filter cloth from a minimum 6
foot wide roll is also required.
e. Remove all construction debris associated with installation of these structures to an approved
location.
USDA-NRCS page 4 of 6 Rock Structures
North Carolina August 1999
Angle
(in degrees)
Slope
(in percent)
Rock Vane
Cross Section
k Vane
i View
Figure 1
(after Rosgen)
Angle
degrees)

Slope
(in percent)
J Hook
Cross Section
ok
view
Figure 2
(after Rosgen)
USDA-NRCS page 5 of 6 Rock Structures
North Carolina August 1999
Angle
(in degrees)
Slope
(in percent)
J Hook with Sill
Cross Section
J Hook with Sill
Plan View
Figure 3
(after Rosgen)
Slope
(in percent)
Cross Vane
Cross Section
Figure 4
(after Rosgen)
USDA-NRCS page 6 of 6 Rock Structures
North Carolina August 1999
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
LOG VANES
1) SCOPE
This specification covers the installation of Log Vanes at locations as shown on the construction
plans and as directed by the engineer.
2) PURPOSE
• Redirect erosive velocities away from streambanks
• Provide soil cover during the establishment of woody vegetation
• Provide aquatic and terrestrial habitat
• This practice does not apply to streams that are highly entrenched.
3) DEFINITIONS
LOG VANES - Trees that have been uprooted with as much of the root system intact as possible
with a stem fourteen to twenty feet long. (See Fig 1)
ENGINEER - The USDA-NRCS and/or SWCD person(s) who have appropriate construction
approval authority for Practice Standard 580, Streambank and Shoreline
Protection for the specific size and type of structure.
STREAM BANK - Portions of intermittent or perennial stream banks which are eroding at an
accelerated rate due to the effects of stream flow near banks without adequate
vegetative cover and supporting riparian area.
BANKFULL - The stream flow level at which the stream channel is formed and maintained.
The term "bankfull" should not be confused with "the top of the bank". Persons
who have received training in Natural Stream Channel evaluation shall identify
the bankfull elevation.
4) PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
This practice should be applied as a part of a total Natural Stream Channel Restoration design.
Root wads are not intended to be a total solution to the streambank erosion problem in
themselves. They are to be used as a component of a total streambank management plan, which
may require a number of associated practices. In some cases modification of the stream
dimension, pattern and profile may be required before structures are installed. The use of root
wads without considering the stable dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream will most likely
result in failure.
USDA-NRCS page 1 Log Vanes
North Carolina December 2002
5) PERMITTING
No work, which is covered by this specification, shall be performed until the Army Corp of
Engineers has issued a Section 404 permit and the Division of Water Quality has issued a
Section 401 certification (if required). The final construction plans and specifications must be
prepared and approved prior to the beginning of construction.
6) EQUIPMENT
A hydraulic excavator (trackhoe) with a hydraulic "thumb" shall be used to handle and install
log vanes
A chain saw shall be available on site during construction
All required safety equipment shall be available during construction. Safety equipment
includes but is not limited to hard hats, chain saw chaps, gloves, and eye and hearing
protection.
7) SUPERVISION
The engineer must be on-site to supervise and inspect each operation as it is performed. No
work, which is covered by this specification, shall be performed in the absence of the engineer
except as approved by the engineer. The work shall be conducted as directed by the engineer.
The engineer shall be notified a minimum of 24 hours before installation is performed.
8) INSTALLATION
Excavate a trench into the bank to embed the stem of the root wad. Excavate an area in the
stream bed and stream bank to provide for excess root mass. Excavate a trench in the stream bed
to embed the upper part of the log vane. Install root wad and log vane, cable together at the
intersection of the two root masses. Install rock for "J-Hook" (must have footer rocks). All
excavation will be performed at the location, elevation, and orientation and to the dimensions as
directed by the engineer. (See figure 1)
The streambank shall be sloped to 1 %2 :1 or flatter from the top of the root wad stem at the
junction with the root system to the top of the bank.
Equipment which appears to be leaking fluids shall be removed to a safe site away from the
stream corridor until it is repaired and confirmed that no leaks exist.
9) MATERIALS
LOGS WITH ATTACHED ROOT MASS:
• LENGTH OF IN BANK TREE - The stem shall be of sufficient length so that a
minimum of 12 feet is placed into well consolidated soil plus approximately 2 feet of
protrusion from the streambank for attachment of the log vane portion of the structure. If
Root Wads are placed in front of fresh fill material, the width of the fill material must be
added to the minimum length to find the required total stem length. The stem length
which passes through fresh fill material shall not exceed 1/3 of the total stem length.
USDA-NRCS page 2 Log Vanes
North Carolina December 2002
• LENGTH OF LOG VANE TREE - The stem shall be of sufficient length so the vane
may be installed a slope of 7 percent or less and have approximately 1/3 of the total
length of stem buried into the streambed at the upstream end.
• DIAMETER - The minimum diameter of the stem measured at a point 4 '/2 feet from the
uppermost root shall be 8 inches unless otherwise specified in the ITEMS OF WORK.
• FORM - The stem shall be as straight as possible for the entire length. Log Vane Trees
may not have bows and/or other deformities which will cause a concentration of flow at
any point along the section of stem which is exposed to stream flow. The stem shall not
exhibit an unusual degree of taper. Forks should be avoided on In Bank Trees except
where soil conditions mandate trenching, and are prohibited on Log Vane Trees except
within the portion which will be buried in the streambed.
• SPECIES - Tree species shall be selected that exhibit rot resistant, and have dense,
relatively large root masses. Maple, Sycamore, and Hemlock are some of the possible
choices.
• HANDLING - Trees shall be removed, transported, and installed in such a manner as to
preserve as much of the root mass as possible. Excess soil shall be removed from the
root mass before installation into the stream, in a manner which does not damage the
roots. Extreme care should be used during the installation process to avoid root mass
damage.
• HARVEST SITE - Trees shall not be harvested from within the riparian area except
where associated stream restoration activities require the removal of the tree. Trees
which are harvested from within the riparian area shall not be removed without the
approval of the on-site engineer. Trees should not be harvested from areas that are steep
enough to cause the stem to have grown skewed to the root mass. Care should be taken
during and after the harvesting process to not allow erosion of the harvest site. The
harvest site should be filled, smoothed and seeded immediately after removal of the tree.
Seeding species shall be in keeping with surrounding vegetation or as otherwise directed
in the ITEMS OF WORK or by the on-site engineer.
• QUALITY - Trees may be rejected by the on-site engineer if they are split, broken,
decaying, or otherwise exhibit faults which will cause the service life of the structure to
be less than the time required to establish permanent woody vegetation with sufficient
root systems to protect the streambank.
CABLES shall be a minimum of 5/8 inch unless otherwise specified in the ITEMS OF
WORK. Cables shall be clamped at a minimum of two places with U-Bolt style cable
clamps designed for the size and type of cable used. It is recommended that Skidder Chokers
with loops formed on one end be used to cable the two stems together. The cable shall
encompass the two stems between the two root masses at the stump portion of the stem.
Skidder Chokers should be a minimum of 20 feet long unless otherwise specified in the
ITEMS OF WORK.
J-HOOK ROCKS - The rocks shall be a minimum of 3' x 2' x 1.5' unless otherwise
specified in the ITEMS OF WORK.
VEGETATION shall be in accordance to the Vegetation Specifications for the project.
USDA-NRCS page 3 Log Vanes
North Carolina December 2002
10) ASSOCIATED PRACTICES
• ROCK VANES, CROSS VANES, J HOOKS, LOG VANES and related instream structures
planned as an integral component of the natural stream channel restoration design.
• CRITICAL AREA SEEDING shall be applied on all disturbed areas.
• WOODY VEGETATION shall be established on the sloped bank above bankfull and on top
of the bank.
• RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFER should be considered.
• LIVESTOCK EXCLUSION shall be installed if livestock are pastured in the area.
11) FIGURES
Figures attached to this specification illustrate the placement and orientation of the root wads.
Figures are as follows:
Figure 1 - Log Vane Cross Section
Figure 2 - Log Vane Plan View
12) ITEMS OF WORK
Items of work to be performed in conformance with this specification and the construction
details therefore are:
a) Construct stream stabilization measures at the Wayne Parker site on Brevard Creek in McDowell
County at the locations as shown on the construction drawings and/or as directed by the on-site
Engineer.
b) Ingress and egress of equipment and materials shall be only at locations and through routes as
approved by the Engineer.
C) Provide all equipment, tools, materials and labor required to at least install 5 log vanes.
d) J-hook rocks shall be a minimum size of 2.5' x 1.5' x 1.0'.
e) Remove all construction debris associated with installation of these structures to an approved
location.
f) Provide all necessary safety equipment.
USDA-NRCS page 4 Log Vanes
North Carolina December 2002
-1 1 -C
Figure 1
Root Wad
Cross Section
(after Rosgen)
USDA-NRCS
North Carolina
page 5 Log Vanes
December 2002
USDA-NRCS page 6 Log Vanes
North Carolina December 2002
Streamside Herbaceous Vegetation Specifications
The work shall consist of preparing the area, furnishing and placing seed, sprigs, sod mats, mulch,
fertilizer, inoculate, soil amendments and anchoring mulch in the designated areas as specified;
streambanks, access areas and other areas disturbed by construction activities.
Seedbed Preparation
On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be adequately loosened and smoothed.
Disking or cultipacking or both may be necessary. On sites where equipment cannot operate safely, the
seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place.
If seeding is done immediately following construction, seedbed preparation may not be required except on
compacted, polished or freshly cut areas.
Fertilizine
Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded. Uniformly mix lime and fertilizer into the
top 3 inches of the soil. Where surface materials are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation
is required. Apply lime and fertilizer according to soil test results or at the following rates.
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Lime 50-100 lbs. 1-2 tons
10-10-10 Fertilizer 9-12 lbs. 4-500 lbs.
Sod Mats
Strip and stockpile mats of existing desirable herbaceous vegetation. Insure that several inches of sod
remains attached to the vegetation. The root systems must remain moist while the vegetation is stockpiled.
Place the mats on the lower bank slopes and anchor in place.
Seeding
Temporary Seeding - Use where needed for erosion and pollution control, when permanent
vegetation cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established.
Fall, Winter, Spring Seeding Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Oats 2 lbs. 3 bu.
Wheat 2 lbs. 3 bu.
Summer Seeding
Sudangrass 1 lb. 35-45 lbs.
Browntop Millet 1 lb. 30-40 lbs.
Permanent Seeding - Use in combination with woody plantings on the upslope side of the riparian
planting. Spring planting time is ideal for native perennial warm season grasses. These grasses should be
used when enhancing wildlife habitat is a goal of the riparian planting. Spring planted seed should be
treated with a cold wet chill process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a
lightly sowed cool season annual to hold the soil and do not need the wet chill process. To improve wildlife
habitat existing stands of fescue can be killed using an appropriate herbicide and warm season grasses can
be no-till planted into the sod. Omit fertilizer when establishing native grasses, fertilizer can be applied the
second year to improve the stand.
Fall, Spring Seeding
Tall Fescue
(use Tall Fescue only in situations inhere tall fescue infests
-Native warm season grasses-
Big, Little or Broomsedge Bluestein
Eastern Gamma Grass or Switchgrass
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
1 lb. 50 lbs.
lion is inevitable an}nnay, such as adjacent to a fescue pasture or hayfield)
0.2 lbs. PLS (pure live seed) 5 lbs. PLS
0.5 lb. PLS 10 lbs. PLS
Mulching
Mulching should be performed within 48 hours of seeding. Grain straw mulch should be applied on seeded
areas at a rate of 3 bales per 1000 square feet or 1.5 tons per acre. Apply mulch uniformly. Anchor mulch
with a mulch crimper, asphalt tackifier or appropriate mulch netting.
Streamside Woody Vegetation Establishment
This work consist of securing and planting permanent woody vegetation using rooted stock, unrooted stock and
on site transplants.
Care and Handling
Planting stock should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot stock shall be kept
moist during planting operations. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all times. The root balls of
transplanted stock must be kept moist.
Site Preparation
Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored. On recently graded sites use
temporary seedings, anchored mulch or erosion control fabrics to provide surface protection until woody
vegetation becomes established. Sod may be killed by non-selective herbicides the year previous to planting
stock (follow all federal, state and local regulations in the use of herbicides). When hand planting; scalp an area
at least 3 feet in diameter and 2-4 inches deep. Place plant in the center of the scalped area. On sites where
equipment cannot be operated safely and there are concerns about potential erosion use a non-selective herbicide
to kill vegetation in a 36 inch wide circle or 36 inch wide strip and plant in the center of the killed vegetation. If
the site is a row crop site, reasonably free of weeds, plant stock in the stubble without prior preparation. Sites
with undesirable brush will need initial treatments to facilitate planting and follow-up treatments to prevent
reencroachment.
Planting
Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally growing. Plant rooted stock in a vertical
position with the root collar approximately '/2 inch below the soil surface. The planting trench or hole must be
deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down without J-rooting. Insert dormant cuttings
to the depth required to reach adequate soil moisture, leaving 2 to 3 buds above ground. After planting pack soil
around each plant firmly to remove air pockets.
Plant List
Plant Tvpes/
Mature Height
Shrubs, less than 10
Feet in height
Shrubs and trees from
10 to 25 feet in height
Trees greater than 25
Feet in height
Plant to Plant Spacine Plant List
# Per Acre
#Per 1000 Sq. Ft.
3 to 6 feet *Buttonbush, *#`Bankers' Dwarf Willow
1210-4840 *Elderberry, Highbush Blueberry,
28-110 Hazelnut
6 to 8 feet Alder, Deciduous Holly, Crabapple,
680-1742 Red Chokeberry, *Silky Dogwood,
15-28 *Silky Willow, Spicebush,
*#`Streamco' Willow, Serviceberry,
Washington Hawthorne, Witch Hazel
8 to 12 feet Black Cherry, *Black Willow,
302-680 Green Ash, Red Maple, River Birch
7-15 Sycamore, Yellow Poplar, Black Walnut
Persimmon
NOTES: * = Plants suitable for use as dormant cuttings, space cuttings 1.5-2.5 feet apart, 160-
445 cuttings per 1000 sq. ft. or 6970-19360 cuttings per acre;
# = Non-native plants; Plants listed in bold have wildlife value
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION - 485
TREE REVETMENT STABILIZATION STRUCTURE
SCOPE OF WORK
This work shall consist of the placement of trees in severely eroded
and scoured cavities in the streambank to reduce flow velocities and
trap sediment so that a stable soil medium is established that will
support permanent vegetation. The work will include transportation of
trees, preparation of trees prior to placement, placement of deadman
anchors and cable connecting of trees to the anchor.
SITE CONSIDERATIONS
Tree revetment stabilization structures shall be installed only on
streams where sediment bedload during storm flows is sufficient to
generate significant deposits in the tree mass of the revetment.
Sites on streams with minimal sediment loads or where sediment
retaining impoundment structures are located just upstream should be
addressed using other measures. Sites must have sufficient low lying
adjacent area to permit installation of deadman anchors. Where steep
side slopes exist or rock formations would make installation of
deadman anchors difficult, other measures should be used. Tree
revetment structures may not be practical where excessive disturbance
of streambank vegetation or removal of trees on the streambank is
necessary. Soil conditions at the site should be carefully
considered.
SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF TREES FOR USE IN REVETMENT
Cedar, Pine, or Hemlock trees are preferred over other species since
their dense limb structure aids significantly in the deposition of
sediment. Willows, alders and other wet soil species may offer the
added advantage of resprouting if they are placed on the lower levels
of the revetment in contact with water and soil. However for purposes
of emergency work other species which are found in log jams or
otherwise have to be removed from the stream channel may be used.
Landowners may provide additional trees where there are not sufficient
numbers of trees to be removed from the stream channel. In such cases
landowners will be responsible for transporting trees to the site and
stockpiling them prior to equipment arrival.
Trees used in the revetment shall have limbs. Logs without limbs may
be used for deadman anchors. Trees such as large sycamores, whose
limbs are large and spread widely, are poor selections. When such
trees are encountered, remove the bushy limbs and use the limbs in the
revetment while using the large trunk as a deadman anchor.
USDA-NRCS (485-1) Tree Revetment
NC Area 1 March 1996
Trees shall be a minimum of 20 feet in length and the butt end shall
be a minimum of 8 inches in diameter. The limb extension shall not be
so large as to create a restriction in the normal flow area of the
channel. Where trees are large and limb extension is excessive, limbs
may be removed on one or two sides of the tree trunk to improve
placement. Limbs may be trimmed in order to limit their encroachment
on the flow area of the channel.
PLACEMENT OF TREES
Trees shall be laid along the bank with the tops laid downstream.
Trees shall be placed working from the most downstream point
progressing upstream. Trees shall be overlapped so that the bushy
limbs of the top of one tree overlap the trunk of the tree placed just
previous to it. Each layer of trees shall be cabled prior to
placement of the next layer of trees. Individual trees shall be
cabled to trees in the lower level. Trees should be piled to the top
of the stream bank where suitable trees are available. Each layer
shall be pressed firmly into the lower layer only enough to provide
good density of bushy limb material. Care should be taken by
equipment operators not to break bushy tree limbs.
ANCHORING TREES IN THE REVETMENT
Trees will be anchored to existing trees or "deadman anchors" buried
in the ground. Deadmen will be a minimum of 12 inches in diameter and
a minimum of 4 feet long. All trees will be anchored at a minimum of
two locations - upstream from butt end and at the middle of the tree.
Steel cable at least 7/16 inch in diameter will be used to anchor
trees to deadmen. Cable shall be secured to the revetment trees and
to the deadman anchors using cable clamps or other methods as approved
by the engineer. Multiple cables may be joined at a common point and
a single cable extended to the deadman anchor. Where more than four
cables are thus connected, steel cable one-half inch in diameter or
larger shall be used as the extension cable. Cables shall be
connected and tightened using turnbuckles or come-alongs to a
sufficient tension to prevent movement of the trees.
Individual trees within the revetment shall be secured to trees in the
lower next level. Nylon rope at least three-eighths (3/8) inch in
diameter may be used in lieu of steel cable to bind the trees
together.
INSTALLATION OF DEADMAN ANCHORS
Deadman anchors shall be buried in trenches
and covered by a minimum of 4 feet of fill.
trenches shall be excavated from the anchor
revetment to the deadman trench. Anchoring
these trenches to connect the trees within
deadman anchors.
in stable soil material
Narrow connecting
points within the
cable shall be placed in
the revetment to the
USDA-NRCS (485-2) Tree Revetment
NC Area 1 March 1996
Deadman anchors shall be placed roughly parallel to the flow of the
stream and slightly upstream from the trees to which they are cabled.
At least one deadman anchor shall be installed for each 25 linear feet
of revetment constructed.
When all cable connections between the revetment and deadman anchors
are properly secured and tensioned the trenches shall be backfilled.
All fill material shall be well compacted in the deadmen and cable
trenches. Overfill the deadmen and cable trenches by at least 10% to
allow for settlement and to provide a small berm that will prevent
concentrations of runoff along the cable trench to the stream.
Compact the fill in the deadmen and cable trenches in layers no
greater than 12 inches throughout the filling process.
PLACEMENT OF FILL MATERIAL IN TREE REVETMENT
It is not necessary to place any fill material in the tree revetment
structure. A properly planned and constructed site will accumulate
significant volumes of sediment fill with each high water event.
However, if coarse grained soil material or rocks are available at the
site, they may be placed in the tree mass. Such material will quickly
work its way to the bottom of the structure and may aid in the rapid
development of permanent vegetation and a stable stream bank. No
attempt should be made to compact soil or rock materials into the tree
mass.
Do not overfill the revetment structure with fine grained soils in an
attempt to quickly develop a graded surface appearance. Such material
will gradually settle into the tree mass leaving voids at the surface,
and may be moved downstream as a source of sediment during rainfall
events.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Earth moving equipment will cross and operate in the stream flow only
when necessary and only when directed to do so by the construction
inspector. Equipment shall be maintained to prevent fuel, oil and
lubricant spills in the vicinity of the stream. Refueling, repairs
and lubrication will be performed at safe distances from the stream
and only at locations approved by the construction inspectors.
Should fuel leaks, oil leakages or hydraulic pipe rupture occur during
construction, the operators will immediately remove the equipment to a
"safe" area and proceed with repairs. Construction inspectors will
direct operators to remove equipment from the stream whenever a leak
is observed or suspected.
REVEGETATION OF DISTURBED AREAS
All disturbed areas will be seeded to permanent vegetation after work
is completed. See construction specifications for permanent
vegetation and mulching for details of seeding operations.
USDA-NRCS (485-3) Tree Revetment
NC Area 1 March 1996
LANDOWNER MAINTENANCE
Once sediment begins to accumulate significantly in the tree revetment
structure, permanent vegetation can be established. It shall be the
responsibility of the landowner to encourage the growth of permanent
protective vegetation in the newly stabilized streambank.
Woody vegetation can be established by the use of "live stakes". Live
stakes can be obtained from willows, silver dogwood, button bush,
alders or other locally available trees and shrubs which lend
themselves to rooting from the nodes. While trees are dormant
(between October 15 and May 15, and preferably between February 15 and
April 15) cut woody, hardened stems from 12 to 24 inches in length and
from 3/8 inch to one inch in diameter. Remove branches up to at least
8 inches from the bottom of the cutting using a sharp knife or pruning
tool. Place these branches a minimum of 8 inches deep into the
collected sediment deposits near the edge of the water. They should
be placed on roughly 3 feet centers or as revetment tree limbs permit.
As additional sediment builds up, place new cuttings until the area is
well established in permanent woody vegetation.
As woody vegetation matures, prune it at least annually to prevent it
from growing too large and high. Trees which begin to lean or grow
over the channel should be cut back to prevent their being uprooted
during high water flows. If trees are allowed to lean over and be
washed out, the cavity left by the movement of their root mass may
become a source of streambank erosion and scour.
USDA-NRCS (485-4) Tree Revetment
NC Area 1 March 1996

r location.
- 9\4
Aft
Steel Cable Anchoring
Trees to Deadman
Log Used as Deadman
in Trench
Refer to Construction
Specification for detailed
installation instructions
Tree Revetment Structure
National Standard Material Specifications
Part 642 - National Engineering Handbook
Material Specification 592-Geotextile
1. Scope
This specification covers the quality of geotextiles.
2. General requirements
Fibers (threads and yarns) used in the manufacture
of geotextile shall consist of synthetic polymers
composed of a minimum of 85 percent by weight
polypropylenes, polyesters, polyamides,
polyethylene, polyolefins, or polyvinylidene-
chlorides. They shall be formed into a stable
network of filaments or yarns retaining dimensional
stability relative to each other. The geo-textile shall
be free of defects and conform to the physical
requirements in tables 592-1 and 592-2. The
geotextile shall be free of any chemical treatment or
coating that significantly reduces its porosity. Fibers
shall contain stabilizers and/or inhibitors to enhance
resistance to ultraviolet light.
relative to each other when bonded by needle
punching, heat, or resin bonding. The use of
nonwovens other than the needle punched
geotextiles is somewhat restricted (see note 3 of
table 592-2).
4. Sampling and testing
The geotextile shall meet the specified requirements
(table 592-1 or 592-2) for the product style shown
on the label. Product properties as listed in the latest
edition of the "Specifiers Guide," Geotechnical
Fabrics Report, (Industrial Fabrics Association
International, 1801 County Road BW, Roseville,
MN 55113-4061) and that represent minimum
average roll values, are acceptable documentation
that the product style meets the requirements of
these specifications.
Thread used for factory or field sewing shall be of
contrasting color to the fabric and made of high
strength polypropylene, polyester, or polyamide
thread. Thread shall be as resistant to ultraviolet
light as the geotextile being sewn.
3. Classification
Geotextiles shall be classified based on the method
used to place the threads or yarns forming the fabric.
The geotextiles will be grouped into woven and
nonwoven types.
Woven-Fabrics formed by the uniform and regular
interweaving of the threads or yarns in two
directions. Woven fabrics shall be manufactured
from monofilament yarn formed into a uniform
pattern with distinct and measurable openings,
retaining their position relative to each other. The
edges of fabric shall be selvedged or otherwise
finished to prevent the outer yarn from unraveling.
Nonwoven-Fabrics formed by a random placement
of threads in a mat and bonded by heat-bonding,
resin-bonding, or needle punching. Nonwoven
fabrics shall be manufactured from individual fibers
formed into a random pattern with distinct, but
variable small openings, retaining their position
For products that do not appear in the above
directory or do not have minimum average roll
values listed, typical test data from the identified
production run of the geotextile will be required for
each of the specified tests (tables 592-1 or 592-2)
as covered under clause AGAR 452.236-76.
5. Shipping and storage
The geotextile shall be shipped/transported in rolls
wrapped with a cover for protection from moisture,
dust, dirt, debris, and ultraviolet light. The cover
shall be maintained undisturbed to the maximum
extend possible before placement.
Each roll of geotextile shall be labeled or tagged to
clearly identify the brand, class, and the individual
production run in accordance with ASTM D 4873.
(210-VI-NEH, May 2001) 592- 1
National Standard Material Specifications
Table 592-1 Requirements for woven geotextiles Part 642 - National Engineering Handbook
Property Test method Class I Class 11 & III Class IV
Tensile stvtgth ASTM D 4632 200 minimum in any 120 minimum in any 180 minimum in any
(pounds) 1/ grab test principal direction principal direction principal direction
Elongation at failure ASTM D 4632 <50 <50 <50
(percent)1/ grab test
punch= ASTM D 4833 90 minimh m 60 minimum 60 minimum
(po mds) i/
Ultraviolet fight ASTM D 4355 70 minimum 70 minimum 70 minimum
(% residual tensile 150-hr exposure
strength)
Apparent opening ASTM D 4751 As specified, but As specified, but As specified, but
size (AOS) no smaller than no smaller than no smaller than
0212 mm (#70) 21 0212 mm (#70)21 0212 mm (#70)2/
Percent open area CWO-02215-86 4.0 minimum 4.0 minimum 1.0 minimum
(Percent)
Pemutivity sec-I ASTM D 4491 0.10 minimum 0.10 minimum 0.10 minimum
1/ Minimum average roll value (weakest principal direction)
2/ U.S. standard sieve size.
Note: CWO is a USACE reference.
592 - 2 (210-VI-NEH, May 2001)
National Standard Material Specifications Part 642 - National Engineering Handbook
Table 592-2 Requirements for nonwoven geotextiles
Property Test method Class I Class 11 Class III Class IV 3/

Tensile strength ASTM D 4632 180 minimum 120 minimum 90 minimum 115 minimum
(lb)1/ grab test
Elongation at ASTM D 4632 >50 >50
- >50
- >50
failure (%)1/ -
Puncture (pounds) ASTM D 4833 80 minimum 60 minimum 40 minimum 40 minimum
Ultraviolet light ASTM D 4355 70 minimum 70 minimum 70 minimum 70 minimum
(% residual 150-hr exposure
tensile strength)
Apparent opening ASW D 4751 As specified As specified As specified As specified
size (AOS) max. #40 2/ max #40 v max. #40 v max. #40 2/
1'emnittivity se?1 ASTM D 4491 0.70 minimum 0.70 minimum 0 70 minimum 010 minimum
1/ Minimum average roll value (weakest principal direction).
2/ U.S. standard sieve size.
3/ Heat-bonded or resin-bonded geotextile may be used for classes III and IV. They are p articularly well suited to
class IV. Needle-punched geotextiles are required for all other classes.
(210-VI-NEH, May 2001) 592 - 3