20191466 Ver 1_2018-08-14 Archaeology No Sites Present Form_20191029

Project Tracking No.:
17-12-0024
NO NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
ae ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
::F.•: PRESENT FORM
t.� This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this project. It is not `•�� .:
valid for Historic Architecture and Landscapes. You must consult separately with the "
Historic Architecture and Landscapes Group.
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project No: BR-0044 County: Rockingham
WBS No: 67044.1.1 Document: MCC
F.A. No: NA Funding: ® State ❑ Federal
Federal Permit Required? ® Yes ❑ No Permit Type: NWP
Project Description:
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Division 7 intends to replace Bridge No.
168 on NC 14/18 over the Smith River north of Spray in Rockingham County. No preliminary designs
were available at the time of the archaeological review but a study area of 300 feet (approximately 91.44
meters) wide and 2,584 feet (nearly 787.60 meters) long was provided for the archaeological review. For
the purposes of that review this study area will be considered to be the area of potential effects (APE).
Thus, the APE is estimated to encompass 17.8 acres (slightly over 7.2 hectares).
SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Prior to commencement of the field survey, Environmental Corporation of America (ECA) conducted a
background literature review to identify previously recorded cultural resources, including archaeological
sites, features, or historic structures within the APE of Bridge No. 168. Sources reviewed included the
files at the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology (OSA), the National Register of Historic Places
(NRHP), the North Carolina Historic Preservation Office (NC SHPO) GIS service, the Northwest Eden,
NC -VA (1965, photorevised 1978) topographic map, and historic aerial photographs and historic maps.
No previously identified historic structures or archaeological sites were identified within the APE of
Bridge No. 168. However, several significant prehistoric archaeological sites have been previously
identified in the region along the Smith River including rock shelters and a fish weir (31RK91) located
approximately 0.5 kilometer north of the bridge.
Geologically, the project area is located within the Piedmont physiographic region of North Carolina. The
APE is characterized by a grass -covered right-of-way (ROW), wooded areas, paved and gravel
driveways, a modern residence, an agricultural field, a city park entrance, and steep slopes ranging
between 20 and 50 percent in some places (especially west of the Smith River). According to the USDA
Web Soil Survey, soils located within the APE consist of Clifford sandy clay loam, 2-8 percent slopes,
moderately eroded (CgB2), Dan River loam, 0-2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (DaA), Devotion fine
sandy loam, 15 to 45 percent slopes (DeF), Poplar Forest sandy clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes,
moderately eroded (PpD2), Udorthents, loamy (Ud), and Yadkin loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes (YaB).
On July 8"' and 9th, 2018, ECA completed an intensive archaeological survey within the APE, located
along Bridge No. 168 on NC 14/18. A pedestrian survey was conducted by visual inspection of exposed
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Project Tracking No.:
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ground surfaces throughout the project APE in conjunction with systematic shovel testing. Ground
surface visibility was approximately zero percent throughout the majority of the project area due to dense
vegetation and paved/gravel surfaces with additional areas of approximately 20 to 50 percent visibility
where thin patches of vegetation exist. Shovel testing was completed at 100-foot (30-meter) intervals in
areas of low ground surface visibility to survey for potential archaeological resources within the project
APE. Bridge No. 168 is aligned in a general northwest/southeast orientation. The intensive
archaeological survey consisted of two transects, each located on either side of the existing road and
offset approximately 50-80 feet (15-24 meters) from the edge of the roadway in order to sample
landforms that were conducive to shovel testing. Transect A was positioned on the northeast side of NC
14/18. Transect B was positioned on the southwest side of NC 14/18. See Figures 1 through 30 for
photographs and maps.
Based on the dimensions of the ROW, ECA planned to excavate 52 shovel test pits within the APE.
However, during our field work, numerous shovel test pits were omitted due to the presence of the Smith
River, steep slope 20% and greater, impenetrable paved/gravel surfaces, or gullied areas exhibiting
extreme erosion.
All shovel tests measured approximately 16 inches by 16 inches (41 cm by 41 cm) and were excavated
into known sterile subsoils for the project area. All soils were screened through a six -millimeter wire
mesh archaeology screen to isolate any cultural artifacts. All shovel tests were backfilled.
Transect A•
A total of twenty-eight shovel test pits were planned for Transect A. However, during ECA's site visit,
only thirteen shovel test pits were excavated as fifteen shovel tests were omitted due to the presence of
slopes greater than 20 percent, the presence of the Smith River, or the presence of a modern residence.
There is a steep slope (-20% to 25%) across most of western half of Transect A (west side of Smith
River). Also, some land clearing and logging activity has historically occurred east of the Smith River
north of Hwy 14/18. All excavated shovel test pits were negative for cultural material. In addition, no
cultural material was identified during the pedestrian survey.
Transect B:
A total of twenty-six shovel test pits were planned for Transect B. However, during ECA's site visit,
eleven shovel test pits were omitted along Transect B due to steep slope greater than 20 percent and the
presence of the Smith River. An overhead utility corridor also exists within the northwest side of Transect
B. Shovel testing within this utility corridor showed a complete absence of topsoil. A portion of the
southeast side of Transect B followed an existing access road through the wooded area adjacent to the
Smith River. Although there were areas of surface exposure, subsurface observations did not show any
signs of disturbance or topsoil loss. In addition, one shovel test pit (B-20) excavated within the existing
access road was positive for prehistoric artifacts (three pottery sherds) and necessitated four additional
shovel test pits in an effort to delineate the identified archaeological site (see Figures 16, 17, 27, and 29).
The positive shovel test pit is located on a gentle rise two to three feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters) above the
floodplain. Delineation shovel test pits were conducted in cardinal directions at 50-foot (16 meter)
intervals from B-20. All other shovel test pits excavated along Transect B were negative for cultural
material. Additional shovel test pits to the northeast were terminated after B-24 due to the presence of a
wide steeply -sloped man-made roadbed associated with Hwy 14/18. Additional shovel test pits to the
southwest were terminated after B-23 as the ground surface dipped down into the floodplain and into an
inundated area and small stream bed. The identified site appears to be confined to a very small area
bounded by Hwy 14/18 to the north, a small stream and inundated area to the south, a small rise out of the
floodplain to the west, and an active agricultural field to the east. Although the artifacts were recovered
from what appears to be an undisturbed context, there were only three artifacts recovered from an
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Project Tracking No.:
17-12-0024
approximate 200-foot by 100-foot area (20,000 square feet or 1,858 square -meters). Two pottery sherds
are decorated and appear to be from the Dan River Phase (AD 1000 — AD 1450). The remaining pottery
sherd is undecorated (see Table 2 for artifact descriptions). See Figure 27 and 29 for shovel test pit
locations and approximate archaeological site boundary. The small size of the identified site and very low
artifact density would suggest a lack of research potential and significance for this archaeological site. As
a result, we do not believe this archaeological site is eligible for inclusion to the NRHP. The North
Carolina OSA has issued an official trinomial number of 31RK250 for the identified site.
Recommendations:
ECA does not believe the prehistoric site (31RK250) identified within the project APE is eligible for
inclusion to the NRHP due to a lack of significance and research potential. Under National Register
Criteria D the identified site has not yielded information important in prehistory nor do we believe it
likely to yield important information in prehistory. More specifically, there are numerous known
Prehistoric Woodland Period sites in the region that have significant undisturbed cultural deposits that
exhibit a much higher potential for research than the site identified during this subsurface investigation. In
addition, only three pottery sherds were recovered from seven shovel tests over an approximate 20,000
square -foot (1,858 square -meter) area. As a result, due to the low artifact density and typical nature of the
recovered artifacts, we believe this identified archaeological site would not significantly advance our
understanding of settlement patterns along the Smith River in this area. In summary, considerable
research of prehistoric sites have been conducted within the region and any additional effort expended in
this region may be best suited at a more promising site. We do not believe site 31RK250 warrants
additional testing or would be eligible for inclusion to the NRHP. No additional work is currently
recommended for the replacement of Bridge 168 over the Smith River in Rockingham County.
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Archaeology Group reviewed the subject
project and determined:
® There are no National Register listed or eligible ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES present
within the project's area of potential effects. (Attach any notes or documents as needed)
❑ No subsurface archaeological investigations were required for this project.
❑ Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources.
® Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources
considered eligible for the National Register.
® All identified archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and all
compliance for archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project.
Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions:
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
See attached: ® Map(s) ❑ Previous Survey Info
Signed:
C.
NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST
® Photos ❑Correspondence
August 14, 2018
Date
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Table 1. Shovel Test Pit Results
Shovel Test
Average Depths
Pit (STP)
STP Width/Length
Munsell Color/Texture
Between
Inches
cm
A-1
16"xl6"
7.5YR 6/6 (reddish yellow) sandy loam containing many rocks
0-10
0-25
41cm x 41cm
16"xl6"
7.5YR 514 (brown) sandy loam
0-7
0-18
A-2
(41 cm x 41 cm)
2.5YR 5/6 (red) sandy loam
7-10
18-25
A-3
16"xl6"
2.5YR 5/6 (red) sandy loam
0-3
0-8
41cmx41cm
A-4
-
Subsoil on surface
-
-
A-5
-
Steep 40-50% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
A-6
-
Steep 40-50% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
A-7
-
Subsoil on surface
-
-
A-8
-
Steep 40-50% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
A-9
-
Steep 40-50% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
A-10
-
Subsoil on surface in front yard of modern house
-
-
A-11
-
Steep 40-50% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
A-12
-
Steep 40-50% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
A-13
-
Steep 40-50% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
A-14
-
Smith River
-
-
A-15
-
Smith River
-
-
A-16
16"xl6"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-24
0-61
(41cm x 41cm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
A-17
16"xl6"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
41cm x 41cm
A-18
16"xl6"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-24
0-61
(41cm x 4lcm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
A-19
16"xl6"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-23
0-58
(41cm x 41cm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
A-20
16"xl6"
1 OYR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-24
0-61
(41cm x 41cm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
A-21
16"xl6"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-23
0-58
(41cm x 4lcm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
A 22
16"xl6"
1 OYR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-25
0-64
(41cm x 41cm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
A-23
16"xl6"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-23
0-58
(41cm x 4lcm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
A-24
16"xl6"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-21
0-53
(41cm x 41cm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
A-25
16"xl6"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-26
0-66
(41cm, x 41cm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
A-26
-
Steep 20-30% slope
-
-
A-27
-
Steep 20-30% slope
A-28
-
Steep 20-30% slope
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Project Tracking No.:
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Average Depths
Shovel Test
STP Width/Length
Munsell Color/Texture
Between
Pit (STP)
Inches
cm
B-1
-
Steep 30-40% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
B-2
-
Steep 30-40% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
B-3
16"xl6"
7.5YR 4/6 (strong brown) fine sandy loam
0-8
0-20
41cm x 4lcm
B-4
16"xl6"
7.5YR 4/6 (strong brown) fine sandy loam
0-7
0-18
41cmx41cm
B-5
-
Steep 40-50% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
B-6
-
Steep 40-50% slope with exposed subsoil on surface
-
-
B-7
-
Steep 30-40% slope
-
-
B-8
-
Steep 30-40% sloe
-
-
B-9
16"xl6"
7.5YR 4/6 (strong brown) fine sandy loam
0-7
0-18
41 cm x 41 cm
B-10
16"xl6"
7.5YR 4/6 (strong brown) fine sandy loam
0-9
0-23
41cm x 4lcm
16"xl6"
1 OYR 3/4 (dark yellowish brown) fine sandy loam
0-7
0-18
B-11
41 cm x 41 cm
( )
7.5YR 4/6 (strong brown) fine sandy loam
7-11
18-28
B-12
-
Steep 40-50% slope
-
-
B-13
-
Steep 40-50% slope
-
-
B-14
-
Steep 40-50% slope
-
-
B-15
-
Smith River
-
-
B-16
-
Smith River
-
-
B-17
16"xl6"
IOYR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
41cm x 4lcm
B-18
16"xl6"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
(41cm x 41cm)
B-19
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
41cmx41cm
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
B-20
(41cm x 41cm)
*Three prehistoric pottery sherds recovered from a 12 to 20-
0-36
0-91
inch depth 30 to 51cm
B-21
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
(41cm x 41cm)
B 22
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
(41cm x 41cm)
B-23
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
(41cm x 41cm)
B-24
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
(41cm x 41cm)
B-25
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
(41cm x 41cm)
B-26
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-36
0-91
(41cm x 41cm)
B-27
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-21
0-53
(41cm x 41cm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
B-28
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-24
0-61
(41 cm x 41 cm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
B-29
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-23
0-58
(41 cm x 41 cm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
B-30
16"x16"
10YR 4/4 (dark yellowish brown) loam
0-24
0-61
(41cm x 4lcm)
*shovel test pit terminated upon encountering very compact soils
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Project Tracking No.:
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Table 2: Artifacts Recovered During Subsurface Investigations
Artifact
Artifact Type
Artifact
Date Range
Depth of
Location
Amount
Recovery
Dan River Phase pottery sherd
12-20 inches
B-20
(Fabric -impressed exterior / Burnished Interior /
1
—AD 1000 —AD 1450
(30-51 cm)
Notched Rim decoration / quartz temper)
Dan River Phase pottery sherd
12-20 inches
B-20
(Fabric -impressed exterior / Burnished Interior / fine
1
—AD 1000 —AD 1450
(30-51 cm)
sand temper)
B-20
Woodland Period pottery sherd
1
—AD 1000 —AD 1450
12-20 inches
(Plain exterior / Plain Interior / quartz temper)
(30-51 cm)
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Project Tracking No.:
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Figure 1: Southeasterly View of Bridge 168
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Project Tracking No.:
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Figure 2: Northwesterly View of Bridge 168
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Project Tracking No.:
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Figure 5: Northwesterly View of Transect A
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Project Tracking No.:
17-12-0024
Figure 8: Southeasterly View of Transect B
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form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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Figure 9: Southeasterly View of Transect B
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Project Tracking No.:
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Figure 10: Southeasterly View of Transect B
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form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
17-12-0024
Figure 13: Southeasterly View of Transect B and Positive Shovel Test Pit Location (loose earth in center of photograph)
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Project Tracking No.:
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Figure 14: Southeasterly View of Transect B
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Project Tracking No.:
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Figure 1 S: Southeasterly View of Transect B
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Project Tracking No.:
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... I4 �Y
lll'' D
a i
cm
Inches
Figure 16: Artifacts Collected from Shovel Test Pit B-20 (exterior surfaces)
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Project Tracking No.:
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cm
0 5
inches
I %ei ni
a
Figure 17: Artifacts Collected from Shovel Test Pit B-20 (interior surfaces)
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Figure 18: 2017 Google Earth Aerial Photograph of project APE
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Figure 19: 1999 Google Earth Aerial Photograph ofproject APE
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Figure 20: 1994 Google Earth Aerial Photograph ofprojectAPE
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Figure 21: 1977 Earth Explorer Aerial Photograph of project APE
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form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Figure 22: 1963 Earth Explorer Aerial Photograph of project APE
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Figure 23: 1950 Earth Explorer Aerial Photograph of project APE
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form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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1814
i
Figure 24: 1938 County Hwy Map of project 14PE
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form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Project Tracking No.:
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00- IL
- •.�PER
Figure 25: 1926 Rockingham County Soil Map of project APE
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form for the Amended Mina Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Figure 26: 1926 Rockinghain County Soil Map of project APE
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form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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a i+�
_.�� vq � � •• ti. (1eharnal-.fc +�,r•' ,- ( iu} 4 � _n
3 2000 0 2000 ft
Figure 27: Northwest Eden, NC -VA (1965, photorevised 1978) USGS Topographic Map
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form for the Amended Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Wooded
'S'w
Y
E) Dirt road through OOi< op NC 14i1
B-17 wooded area S�PP 8
A ROQ� 8Pw
vs B-ll3(
�\ I
B-19e I e
I
B-22e i B-24
-20 /
E
I
� e
�\B-23
Dry stream beds
Smith River
Slight 2 to 3 foot
rise above floodplain
BR-0044 (Bridge 168)
1RK250
B-21
Wooded
NC 14/18
Spray, Rockingham County, North Carolina
Figure 28: Archaeological Site Map
E)
B-25
Grassed Pasture
E)
P 6�
oGhaQhy �.
Of' BB--2,
A
h0��
E
Agricultural Field
LEGEND
/VV\ WOODED
e NEGATIVE SHOVEL TEST
POSITIVE SHOVEL TEST
--- ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE BOUNDARY
SOURCE: ECA Site Visit & DRAWN BY: MTB DATE: 7/20/2018
2017 Google Earth Image FILE NAME: F:\%\U2279.dwg

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