NC0020664_Report_20020301

MPDES DOCVNEMT SCAMMIM& COVER SHEET
NPDES Permit: NCO020664
Spindale W ff P
Document Type: Permit Issuance
Wasteload Allocation
Authorization to Construct (AtC)
Permit Modification
Report
��ihvertebrate study)
201 Facilities Plan
Instream Assessment (6713)
Environmental Assessment (EA)
Permit
History
Document Date: March 1, 2002
Tr9MM documeaot IM priated on reuse paper - more aay
C- a) teat oars the re,weriae side

Envir'onmentai, inc. [phone] • FAX [phone]
P.O. Box 16414, Greenville, SC 29606 4 Craftsman Court, Greer, SC 29650
MACROEWERTEBRATE STREAM ASSESSMENT OF
CATHEY'S CREEK
near SPINDALE, NC
Conducted for Town of Spindale
Collection Month: January 2002
State Certification # 23104

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page #
4-.0 EXECUTIVE SUNRAARY....................................................... 1
2.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................. 2
3.0 SAMPLING SITES............................................................ 3
4.0 METHODS.................................................................. 5
4.1 Sample Collection........................................................ 5
4.2 Sample Receipt.......................................................... 5
4.3 Sample Sorting................................................6 4.4 Taxonomic Identification ................................... .. .. .......... 6
4.5 Data Analysis........................................................... 7
5.0 RESULTS ................................................ `.................. 10
6.0 REFERENCES............................................................... 22

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In January 2002 biologists from ETT Environmental performed an in -stream macroinvertebrate assessment
of Cathey's Creek, in the vicinity of the Spindale, North Carolina. Stream sites upstream and downstream
from the discharge of the Spindale Wastewater Treatment Plant to Cathey's Creek were sampled using a
timed -qualitative multiple habitat sampling protocol.
The study demonstrates that upstream from the Town of Spindale WWTP discharge point. Cathey's Creek
supports a diverse, balanced community of aquatic macroinvertebrates, indicative of good water quality. This
is evidenced by moderately high levels of species richness, EPT and biotic indices. The macroinvertebrate
community immediately downstream from the discharge shows higher species richness and EPT indices, and
an equivalent biotic index result. Overall, the data indicate that the discharge has no adverse impact upon
Cathey's Creek. Farther (1.5 miles) downstream, a slight decrease in the EPT index was noted. with the
mayfly community most noticeably affected. However, the pollution sensitive stoneflies appeared to be
equally diverse as at other sites. Overall species richness was highest at this site and the biotic index was
slightly poorer than upstream. It appears that a slight shift in the macroinvertebrate community structure
occurs at this site, and this may reflect a very small adverse impact upon water quality. It cannot be
concluded that this very slight impact is attributable to the Spindale discharge, because the site immediately
downstream of the discharge showed no adverse impact. No other discharges or large tributaries enter
Cathey's Creek between the site immediately downstream from the discharge and the site 1.5 miles
downstream.
Spindale - 1102
1
ETT Environmental. Inc.

9
2.0 INTRODUCTION
onOn January 29, 2002 biologists from ETT Environmental, Inc. performed an in -stream macroinve P rtebrate
MA assessment of Cathey's Creek, in the vicinity of the Town of Spindale WWTP effluent discharge point.
Nq Stream sites immediately upstream and downstream from the discharge of the wastewater treatment plant
were sampled using a timed -qualitative multiple habitat sampling protocol. The study was conducted to
IN determine whether the effluent discharge of the WWTP has impacted the aquatic macroinvertebrates
ifcommunity (and hence the water quality) of Cathey's Creek.

on,
101
3.0 SAMPLING SITES
Cathey's Creek
Cathey's Creek is a third order stream in the foothills of western North Carolina. It flows from
headwaters northwest of Rutherfordton and empties into the Second Broad River. Three sites were
sampled: 50 ft upstream from the Spindle WWTP discharge point at Hudlow Road (Site U1), 200
ft. downstream from the discharge point (Site DI), and 1.5 miles downstream at the Rock Corner
Road bridge (Site 132). The surrounding, area is rural, with farmland and woodland.
Site Ul: Upstream on Cathey's Creek
Location: 50 ft. upstream from Hudlow Road Bridge, upstream of Holland Creek.
Substrate: Silt bottom; undercut banks.
Size: 30 ft. width; up to 3 ft depth
Flow: Moderately fast.
Clarity: Water clear.
Riparian Zone: Deciduous canopy
Site DI: Downstream on Cathey's Creek
Location:. 200 ft downstream from Hudlow Road Bridge and Holland Creek.
Substrate: Mostly silt. Some submerged sticks and logs.
Size: 30 ft width; up to 3 ft. depth
Flow: Moderately fast.
Clarity: Water clear.
Riparian Zone: Deciduous canopy.
Site D2: Downstream on Cathey's Creek
Location:. 50 ft upstream from Rock Corner Road Bridge.
Substrate: Mostly silt. Some gravel and rocks.
Size: 40 ft width; up to 1.5 ft. depth
Flow: Moderately fast.
Clarity: Water clear.
Riparian Zone: Deciduous canopy.

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1 4.0 METHODS
4 4.1 Sample Collection
do Qualitative methods of sample collection were used in this study. Some macroinvertebrates were isolated
in the field, however, most were sorted from substrate returned to the laboratory for processing and sorting.
At each site, macro invertebrates were collected from riffle and depositional habitats by a team of
environmental biologists. Collecting from erosional (riffle) stream reaches included use of an aquatic dip
net (600 µm mesh), a # 30 mesh sieve, and hand collection of snag habitats. Substrate collected included
leaf packs, sticks, and moss from snags in the stream and scrapings from inundated rocks and logs. The
f depositional sample collection was comprised of bottom substrate collected from depositional areas of the
i stream/river, including buried leaf packs, undercut banks and root mats. An aquatic dip net was also used
to collect these samples. Midges were collected from multiple substrates, including disturbing silt in riffle
zones to capture dislodged midges floating downstream with the dip net. Approximately 45 minutes of
sampling effort each by two biologists was spent at each site.
Each sample was sieved through a 600 µm mesh in the field and fixed with 70% ethanol. Fixed samples
were placed in 500 ml plastic containers, labeled by site, date, collector and sample type and returned to the
laboratory. Sampling information was recorded in a bound field book, including the date, sampling team,
time of collection, descriptions of the site and habitat, and water quality measurements ([D.O.J, pH,
temperature, and conductivity). Dissolved oxygen and pH meters were calibrated in the field. A Chain of
Custody Sheet was completed by the field team and returned to the laboratory with the samples.
4.2 Sample Receipt
Upon return to the laboratory, all samples were assigned a unique sample identification number and logged
into the Aquatic Fauna log -in book. The log -in technician signed the Chain of Custody Sheet to receive the
samples and recorded the sample numbers on the sample containers and the Chain of Custody Sheet.
Spindale - 1/02 ETT Environmental, Inc.

6
4 4.3 Sample Sorting
Each sample was divided into approximately 100-ml portions and backwashed with tap water in a U.S.
Standard ##30 mesh (600 µm) sieve to remove small particles/turbidity. Rinsed portions were placed in white
trays and covered with 2 cm of water. Macroinvertebrates were removed with forceps and were placed in
ethanol in labeled vials. Sample debris was retained for a second (quality control) sorting of 10% of the
samples by a second biologist.
0' 4.4 Taxonomic Identification
Sorted macro i n vertebrates were transferred to a glass petri dish containing 70% ethanol and examined under
a Meiji dissecting microscope (15X-67.SX magnification) illuminated with a fiber optic light source.
' Macroinvertebrates were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level using appropriate taxonomic
references. Midges which could not be identified under the dissecting microscope were mounted on slides
and were then identified with the use of an American Optical A- 150 Compound Microscope at 40OX power.
CMC-10 was used as a mounting medium.
General references used for taxonomic identification included the following:
1
BrrVllal)1 et al. (1982): Used for species identifications for some families of Ephemeroptera,
' Odonata, Plccoptera, Megaloplera, Heteroptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera.
Merritt & Cummins (1985): Used for generic identifications of Odotrata, Coleoptera. Diptera
(excluding midges).
Epler (2001): Used for specific and generic identifications of midges.
Needham. Westfall, and May (2000): Used for specific identifications of odonates.
Ste ivart & Stark (1993): Used for specific identifications of stone. flies.
Pennak (1989). 3rd ed.: Used for generic identifications of mollusks and crustacea.
Spindale - 1 /02 6 E7T Environmental. Inc.

Numerous other specific references were used for appropriate species identifications. All identifications
were recorded on Aquatic Fauna bench sheets by site, collection date and sample identification number.
4.5 Data Analysis
A list of species, with the number of organisms of each species collected at each site, was compiled from the
bench sheets. These data were used to calculate a series of biological metrics (parameters). Metrics included
taxa richness, the EPT Index, and the Biotic Index as per NCDWQ protocols. In addition, useful indices
from the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP) III (EPA 440/4-89/001) were determined, including the
EPT/chironomid ratio, the scraper/falterer ratio, the % dominant taxon, the proportion of shredders, and the
community loss index. The percent of each major taxonomic group and trophic group in the
macroinverte b rate community also was calculated. The metrics used to give an assessment of the stream
condition at each site are outlined below:
Metric 1. TAX,4 RICHNESS
The total number of species collected at a site. Unimpacted sites are typically characterized by large numbers
of species (>50), with 30-40 species characteristic of slightly impacted sites, 20-30 species at moderately
impacted sites and less than 20 species at severely degraded sites.
Metric 2. EPT INDEX
The total number of species in the aquatic insect orders Ephemeroptera (E), Plecoptera (P) and Trichoptera
(T), which are generally more intolerant to pollution than other groups of aquatic insects. A high EPT index
indicative of excellent water quality can exceed 20 species (pers. comm.- Dave Lenat, NCDEM). A degraded
site may support fewer than 5 species of these orders of insects. Lentic (lake, pond, swamp) habitats do not
support many EPT species due to the slow water velocity. SCDHEC ratings for EPT values in the piedmont
ecoregion, were used to determine the scoring of each site for this metric.
Metric 3.. BIOTIC INDEX
Aquatic macroinvertebrates differ in their tolerance to degraded water quality conditions. Hilsenhoff(1987)
assigned an organic pollution tolerance rating to many species of aquatic insects using a 0 - 10 scale. Low
tolerance values correspond to pollution intolerance and high tolerance ratings are assigned to very tolerant
Spindale - 1/02 7 ETf Environmental, Inc.

species. The tolerance ratings used by Hilsenhoff were assigned based upon data from tolerance to organic
pollution in northern streams. A parallel list of tolerance ratings has been developed for the southeastern
United States by the Nortli Carolina Department of Environmental Management (NCDEM). In this study
the NCDEM tolerance ratings were used. The biotic index is calculated by multiplying the number of
organisms of each species by the rating for that species, summing the total for all species and dividing by the
total number of organisms. SCDHEC ratings for Biotic Index values in the piedmont ecoregion, were used
to determine the scoring of each site for this metric. As per SCDHEC protocols each species was assigned
as rare (assigned a value of 1), common (assigned a value of 3), or abundant (assigned a value of 10), for
calculation of the biotic index.
Metric 4. RATIO OF EPT AND CHIRONOMIDAE ABUNDANCES
Chironomidae (midges) generally comprise up to 50% of the organisms present in southeastern streams. In
unpolluted streams, the intolerant insect orders Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies) and
Trichoptera (caddisflies) are also well represented in the community. A stressed waterway will typically
support few species of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies, with a dominance by midges.
Metric S. PERCENT CONTRIBUTION BY DOMINANT TAXON
An unimpacted stream is characterized by many species of aquatic macroinvertebrates, with only a few
representatives ofeach species. When water quality has been degraded by organic loading, intolerant species
die or drift downstream to areas of superior water quality. The consequent reduction in competition for
habitat along with an abundant organic food supply allows more tolerant species to multiply in population
and dominate the system. Often a single dominant genus, such as Chironomus, will become particularly
abundant.
Metric 6. COMMUNITY LOSS INDEX (SIMILARITY)
Changes in habitat or stream condition can drastically alter the component species of a community, even
when the species richness remains constant. One way to measure changes is to compare the control site with
each downstream site by means of a similarity index. The Community Loss Index is an index in which
similarity is calculated by subtracting the number of species common to both sites under comparison from
the number of species at the control site and dividing by the number of species at the downstream site. A
value close to zero indicates similar communities between sites and a high value results from comparing sites
which are very different.
Spindale - 1/02 8 ETT Environmental, Inc.

Metric 7. RATIOS OF SCRAPERS TO COLLECTOR-FILTERERS
Aquatic insects have been categorized according to feeding strategy by Merritt & Cummins (1984) into six
primary groups; collector -gatherers, collector-filterers, predators, scrapers, shredder-detritivores and
shredder -herbivores. Collector-filterers strain fine particulate organic matter (FPOM; e.g.; diatoms) from
the water column. Scrapers graze on periphyton on the surfaces of submerged plants, detritus, rocks and
Iogs. Nutrient enrichment tends to increase FPOM and filamentous algae, which in turn supports a higher
proportion of filterers. Unpolluted streams without nutrient enrichment tend to have a higher proportion of
scrapers.
Metric 8. RATIO OF SHREDDERS TO TOTAL NUMBER OF ORGANISMS COLLECTED
Shredders (herbivores and detritivores) consume CPOM in the forms of aquatic vegetation (e.g., filamentous
algae, grasses) as well as leaves and woody materials which naturally enter the stream from the riparian
(terrestrial) zone. Toxicants associated with this CPOM have a disproportionate impact upon shredders and
can reduce this portion of the community. Contrastingly, nutrient loading of the streamwater typically
stimulates growth of vegetation and therefore provides a greater availability of this food source.
CALCULATION OF BIOGiLASSIFICATION SCORE AND AQUATIC LIFE USE STATUS
According to NCDWQ protocols the EPT Index and Biotic Index for each site were assigned scores based
on their calculated value. Cathey's Creek is in the transition zone between the mountains and the Piedmont.
For the EPT index the location was assumed to be in the Piedmont and for the biotic index the location was
assumed to be in the mountains. An average was then taken of the two scores to give a final bioclassification
score for each site.
Spindale - 1/0? 9 E77 Environmental. Inc.

5.0 RESULTS
A list of the taxa collected at both sites, as well as the number of individuals of each taxon collected at each
site, is provided in Table 1. This taxonomic information is summarized in Table 11, which shows the percent
contribution of each major taxonomic group at each site. The results of each biological parameter (metric)
for each site are listed in Table 111. Water quality parameters measured in the field are presented in Table
1V. An analysis (percent composition) of the predominant functional feeding groups represented at each site
is presented in Table V.
Upstream Site Ul
A total of 42 taxa was collected at this upstream site. This is a moderately good level of species richness,
indicative of a stream with good water quality. The total number of organisms collected was 154.
The number of EPT species collected in this study was 19, including 8 specips of mayflies, 9 species of
stoneflies, and-2 species of caddisflies. Mayflies included baetids, heptageniids, ephemerellids, isonychiids,
leptophlebiids, and siphlonurids. Some of the stonefly taxa are particularly pollution intolerant, including
the perI ids Acroneuria abnormis and Paragnetine fumosa, and the pteronarcyid Pteronarcys sp. The diversity
of caddisflies was lower than might be expected, with only the common Cheumatopsyche and Pycnopsyche
being found.
The most abundant species were Ephemerella catawba gp., Hexagenia munda, and Stenonema modestum
mayflies, Shipsa rotunda stoneflies, and Pycnopsyche caddisflies. Midges comprised 20% of the organisms
collected. The biotic index for the site was 4.81, reflecting the presence of many pollution intolerant
macroinvertebrates.
Functional feeding group (trophic) analysis of the macroinvertebrate community at the site showed
collectors -gatherers of fine -particulate organic matter to be dominant. Collector filterers were relatively
sparse, comprising only 5.2%ofall the organisms collected. This may reflect the silt benthic substrate, which
affords little optimal habitat for filterers.
EPT Score 3.0
Biotic Index Score 4.0
Mean Score 3.5
Biological Community Condition: Good
Spindale - 1/02 10 ETT Environmental, Inc.

Downstream Site D1
A total of 50 taxa was collected at this upstream site. This is a very good level of species richness, indicative
of a stream with good water quality. The number of species was 19% greater than at the upstream site.
The number of EPT species collected in this study was 22. This is a very good EPT level, and was 16%
higher than upstream. There were 10 species of mayflies, 7 species of stoneflies, and 5 species of caddisflies.
Thus caddisfly and mayfly diversity was greater than upstream and stonefly diversity was a little lower. Two
large species of perlid stoneflies present upstream (Acroneuria abnormis and Paragnetinafumosa) were not
found at this downstream site. Other stoneflies, such asAllocapnia and Shipsa rotunda) were more common
than upstream.
The difference in the total number of organisms collected at the two sites was considerable, with 241 at this
site and only 154 at the upstream site. The most abundant species were Ephemerella catawba and
Leptophlebia mayflies, Shipsa rotunda stoneflies, and Pycnopsyche and Cheuniatopsyche caddisflies.
Midges comprised 21.6% of the organisms collected. The community loss index was low, indicating that
the macro invertebrate communities were quite similar upstream and downstream. The biotic index for the
site was 4.85, nearly identical to upstream. The biotic index for the two sites in this study indicates
equivalence between upstream and downstream.
Functional feeding group (trophic) analysis of the macroinvertebrate community at the site showed
collectors-filterers were more common than upstream. This may reflect the influence of Spindale effluent
but it is not a negative indication because the proportion of filterers is still relatively low (10.8%).
EPT Score 3.4
Biotic Index Score 3.6
Mean Score 3.5
Biological Community Condition: Good No adverse impact as compared to upstream.
Spindale - 1/02 11 ETT Environmental, Inc.

Downstream Site D2
A total of 56 taxa was collected at this upstream site. This is a very good level of species richness, and was
the highest of all sampled sites. The number of species was 33% greater than at the upstream site. A total of
286 organisms were collected at the site.
The number of EPT species collected in this study was 18. This is a good EPT level, and was only one
species less than at the control site. There were 6 species of mayflies, 7 species of stoneflies, and 5 species
of caddisflies. Two species of mayflies found at the other two sites but absent at this site were Neoephemera
youngi and Stenonenra modestum. More significantly, mayflies comprised only 14% of the organisms
collected at this site, whereas mayflies comprised 39% of the organisms collected at the sites upstream.
Stoneflies and caddisflies were comparable in abundance and diversity among this site and the upstream
sites.
The most abundant species were Hexagenia munda and Stenonema modestum mayflies, Shipsa rotunda
stoneflies, Pvcncpsvche caddisflies, and Odonotmesafulvaand Rheotanytarsusmidges. Midges comprised
39.2% of the organisms collected, twice the other sites. The community loss index was low, indicating that
the macroinvertebrate communities were quite similar upstream and downstream. The biotic index for the
site was 5.05, a little higher than upstream. The biotic index indicates a slightly smaller proportion of
pollution intolerant species at this site.
Functional feeding group (trophic) analysis of the macro invertebrate community at the site showed a paucity
of scrapers at this site. The reason for the small proportion of scrapers is unknown.
EPT Score 3.0
Biotic Index Score 3.0
Mean Score 3.0
Biological Community Condition: Good/fair. Possible slight impact as compared to rpstream.
Spindale - 1/02 12 ET7 Environmental, Inc.

TABLES
Spindale - 1/02
13 ETr Environmental, Inc.

TABLE I. Species List. Qualitative Macroinverteb rate Assessment
Facility: Town of Spindale
Stream: Cathey's Creek
County: Rutherford, NC
Collection Date: 29 January 2002
ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA
Ameletus lineatus
Baetisca carolina
ihmr
clla catais-ha
is munda
_Siphloplecton basale
Stenonema modestumAndthae
ORDER PLECOPTERA (stoneflies
Acroneuria abnormis
Allocapnia
Clioperla clip
Di loperla duplicat 7
lso erla dicala
Paraynetina fmrosa
Perlesta placida
Pteronarcvs
ShiDsa rotunda
ies
c;+o / a of nrRanisms
stage
Site U1
Site Dl
Site D2
N
0
3
0
N
0
1
0
N
1
0
0
N
12
42
3
N
17
1
17
N
0
6
4
N
4
17
11
N
2
7
0
N
9
5
4
N
2
5
1
N
13
g
0
staee
Site UI
Site DI
Site D2
N
3
0
1
N
1
6
0
N
6
3
4
N
4
2
0
N
3
7
4
N
1
0
4
N
2
2
2
N
2
2
2
N
131
26
75
14

TABLE. I. Species List. Qualitative Macroinvertebrate Assessment
Facility: Town of Spindale
Stream: Cathey's Creek
County: Rutherford, NC
Collection Date: 29 January 2002
ORDER TRICHOPTERA (cadd
2
Triaenodes
ORDER ODONATA (dragon
Calo term dimidiata
Gom hus lividus
GOmDhus notatus
obscurus
ORDER HETEROPTERA (true b
Mesovelia mulsand
ORDER COLEOPTERA (beetles)
Ancvromx varie atus
Dineutus discolor
Hvdroporus
ORDER DIPTERA - other than midges
Dixa s .
Erioptera
Hemerodromia
Paloomvia
Pilaria
Protoplasa ftchii
simulium sp.
Tipula (Yamatotimla)
Site / # of Organisms
age Site U I Site DI Site D2
L 1 12 5
L 0 ] 0
L 0 ] 1
L 0 5 4
L 17 12 11
L 0 0 1
stage
Site U1
Site D1
Site D2
N
1
3
1
N
l
1
1
N
0
01
3
N
0
1
1
N
0
2
1
stage Site U] Site D1 Site D2
A 01 0
stage
Site U1
Site D1
Site D2
L
1
0
0
A
0
]
0
A
0
1
0
stage
Site U1
Site DI
Site D2
L
0
0
1
L
0
0
2
L
1
0
0
L
1
0
0
L
2
1
2
L
0
1
2
L
0
0
1
L
0
1
0
L
1
0
2
15

TABLE I. Species List. Qualitative Macroinvertebrate Assessment
Facility: Town of Spindale
Stream: Cathey's Creek
County: Rutherford, NC
Collection Date: 29 January 2002
ORDER DIPTERA - (Tanv odinae)
Ablabesnrvia mallochi
Concha elo is
Procladius s .
ORDER DIPTERA - (Orthocladiinae)
Brillia avffrons
Corwoneura lobata
Cricoto us nr Politus
Cricoto us s . 2
Heterrotrissocladius marcidus
Orthocladius
Diamesinae)-Odontomesa frth
Parakie errieUa s . E
Para haenocladius
Parametriocnenrus lundbecki
Pseudorthocladius sp.
!Rheocricoto us robacki
Thienemanniella xena
Tvetenia paucunca
ORDER DIPTERA - (Chiron
Chironomus
Cry tochironomus
Microtendi es nr. rvdalensis
Paraclado elma undine
Paralauterborniella ni rohalte,
Poly edilum avice s
Poly edilum fallar
Poly edilum scalaenum
Tribelos iucundum
Cit-P / # of Organisms
stage
Site UI
Site D1
Site D2
L
1
5
1
L
3
7
8
L
01
1
0
stage
Site UI
Site DI
Site D2
L
1
1
0
L
3
1
4
L
2
4
2
L
1
110
2
L
0
0
1
L
0
0
1
L
0
1
0
L
0
0
15
L
2
0
4
L
0
0
1
L
3
5
1
L
0
5
0
L
0
2
6
L 1
0
0
4
L 1
51
7
12
L
L
L
L
L
L
Site UI Site D1 Site D2
0 1 0
0 0 2
1 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 14
0 4 4
0 0 1
0 0 1
21 0 5
16

TABLE I. Species List. Qualitative Macroinvertebrate Assessment
Facility: Town of Spindale
Stream: Cathey's Creek
County: Rutherford, NC
Collection Date: 29 January 2002
ORDER DIPTERA - anytarsini)
stage
Site / # of Organisms
Site U1 I Site DI
I Site D2
Micro sectra s. D
I L
01
01
1
Rheotanvtarsus exi uus gp.
I L
2
6
16
Paratanvtarsus dissinrilis
L
3
1
2
Tanvtarsus s. T
L
2
0
0
Tanvtarsus sp. 1
L
0
0
3
PHYLUM ANNELIDA (worms.leeches)
Site UI Site DI
Site D2
Tubificidae (w/o cap. setae)
t
I
!
CLASS CRUSTACEA/MISCELLANEOUS
stage
Site UI Site DI
Site D2
Cambarinae (female)
J
0
1
0
COLLEMBOLA
1
0
2
17

TABLE II. Percent Composition by Major Taxonomic Group
Facility: Town of Spindale
Stream: Cathey's Creek
County: Rutherford, NC
Collection Date: 29 January 2002
Taxon
Site
U1 I
Site
D1 I
Site
D2
Annelids (worms)
0.6%1
0.4%1
0.3%
Mollusca (clams, snails)
0.0%1
0.0%
0.0%
Crustacca (crayfish, shrimp)
0.6%1
0.4%1
0.7%
E hemero tera
39.0%1
39.4%
14.0%
Pleco tera
22.7%1
19.9%1
32.2%
Tricho tera
11.7%1
12.9%
7.7%
Mc alo tera
0.0%1
0.0%
0.0%
Odonata
1.3%
2.9%
2.4%
Hetero tera
0.0%
0.4%
0.0%
Coleo tern
0.6%
0.8%
0.0%
Di tera (excl. midges)
3.2%
1.2%
3.5%
Di tera (mides)
20.1%
21.6%
39.
18

TABLE III. Biological Parameter Results and Water Quality Ratings
Facility: Town of Spindale
Stream: Cathey's Creek
County: Rutherford, NC
Collection Date: 29 January 2002
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETER RESULTS
Parameters
Site
UI
Site
D1
Site
D2
I. Taxa Richness
42
50
56
Total Number of Organisms / Site)
1541
2411
286
2. EPT Index
19.01
22.01
18.0
3. EPT / Chironomid Ratio
3.6
3.3
1.4
4. Scraper / Filterer Ratio
1.811
1.131
0.06
5. Biotic Index
4.811
4.851
5.05
6. % Dominant Taxon
11%
17%
26%
7. Shredder / Total # of Or anisms Ratio
0.25
0.231
0.38
8. Community Loss Index
N/A 1
0.261
0.20
WATER QUALITY RATING SCORE Site Site Site
Parameters Ul I DI I D2
EPT Score 3.0 3.4 3.0
Biotic Index Score 4.0 3.6 3.0
MEAN SCORE 3.5 3.5 3.0
Final Bioclassification good I good eood/fair
19

TABLE IV. Field Water Chemistry Measurements
Facility: Town of Spindale
Stream: Cathey's Creek
County: Rutherford, NC
Collection Date: 29 January 2002
Parameters
Site
Ul
Site
DI
Site
D2
Dissolved Oxygen m
9.0
8.6
8.6
H (units)
6.80
7.13
7.02
Temperature °C
15.9
17.8
18.7
S ecific Conductance ( mhos/cm) I
no data
no data
no data
20

TABLE V. FunctionaI Feeding Group Analysis
Facility: Town of Spindale
Stream: Cathey's Creek
County: Rutherford, NC
Collection Date: 29 January 2002
Tro hic Groups
U1
DI
D2
Collector - Gatherers
Collector - Filterers
40.6%
5.2%
36.9%
10.8%
36.2%
10.8%
Scrapers
9.4%
12.2%
0.7%
Predators
19.5%
16.6%
14.0%
Shredders
25.3%
23.4%
38.3%
21

6.0 REFERENCES
Brigham, A.R., W.U. Brigham and A. Gnilka (eds.). 1982. The aquatic insects and oligochaetes of
North and South Carolina. Midwest Enterprises, Mahomet, M. 837 pp.
Epler, J. 2001. Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South
Carolina.
Hilsenhoff, W.L. 1987. An improved biotic index of organic stream pollution. Great Lakes Entomol.
20:31-39.
Merritt, R.W. and K.W. Cummins. 1996. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America.
Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 722 pp.
Needham, J.G., and M.J. Westfall and M.L. May. 2000. Dragonflies pf North America. Scientific
Publishers, Gainesville, FL. 939. pp.
Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. Protozoa to Mollusca (3rd Ed.).
J. Wiley and Sons, N.Y. 628 pp.
Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross and R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid bioassessment
protocols for use in streams and rivers. Benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. EPA
444/4-89-001.
Stewart, K.W., and B.P. Stark. 1998. Nymphs of North American Stonefly Genera (Plecoptera).
University of North Texas Press, TX. 460 pp.
Weiderholm, T. 1983. Keys and Diagnoses to the Holarctic CWronomidae. Part 1. Larvae. Ent. Scand.
Supp. 19.
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