9301_WareenCounty_GWMR_DIN28138_20160323

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March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report

Warren County Landfill Facility
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 93-01

Prepared for:

Warren County Public Works
Warrenton, North Carolina

May 2016

Prepared by:

© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed on by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.

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Warren County Landfill March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2016 Table of Contents Page i
Warren County Landfill
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 93-01

March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 
2.0 SITE GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 1 
3.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS ............................................................................................. 1 
4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES ......................................................................................... 1 
5.0 FIELD AND LABORATORY RESULTS .......................................................................... 2 
5.1 Field Results .............................................................................................................. 2 
5.2 Laboratory Analysis ................................................................................................... 2 
5.3 Laboratory Results .................................................................................................... 2 
5.3.1 Inorganic Constituents .................................................................................. 2 
5.3.2 Organic Constituents .................................................................................... 3 
5.3.3 Surface Water Results .................................................................................. 3 
6.0 GROUNDWATER CHARACTERIZATION ...................................................................... 3 
7.0 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 3 

FIGURES
Figure 1 Groundwater Potentiometric Surface

TABLES
Table 1 Groundwater Elevations
Table 2 Field Parameters
Table 3 Detected Inorganic Constituents
Table 4 Detected Organic Constituents

APPENDICES
Appendix A Well Logs
Appendix B Laboratory Analytical Results

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Warren County Landfill March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2016 Page 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Warren County Landfill, Solid Waste Permit # 93-01, is required to perform semi-annual
groundwater monitoring in accordance with Solid Waste Section Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0544. The
facility includes a closed, unlined MSW landfill and an active transfer station. The County also
conducts several other solid waste management activities at the facility including the collection
and processing of white good/scrap metal, the collection of used tires and the operation of a
land clearing and inert debris (LCID) landfill. This report presents the results from the
groundwater monitoring event performed March 23, 2016; and includes a potentiometric map,
summary tables and laboratory analytical report.
2.0 SITE GEOLOGY
The Warren County Landfill is located approximately 0.7 miles southeast of Warrenton, NC in
the eastern portion of the Piedmont Physiographic Province1. The regional geology consists of
fractured and folded igneous and metamorphic rocks overlain by saprolite, alluvial deposits and
topsoil. The bedrock in this area is part of the Raleigh Belt which is predominantly granitic
intrusive rocks and felsic metamorphic rocks.

Unconsolidated sediments at the site consist of residual soils and saprolite. These generally
consist of silty micaceous sands and silts. Bedrock was encountered at the site at depths
ranging from 15 to 28 feet below grade in groundwater monitoring wells MW-2 and MW-32.
Samples at the time of drilling indicated the bedrock is mica schist. Site surface drainage is
generally north towards tributaries of Possum Quarter Creek.
3.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The Warren County Landfill monitoring network includes four groundwater monitoring wells
(MW-1A, MW-2, MW-3 and MW-4) and three surface water locations (SW-1, SW-2 and SW-3) for
the facility. An old, off-site water supply well, WSW-1, was also sampled. MW-1A serves as the
facility background well. Available well logs and related well construction information are
presented in Appendix A.
4.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Smith Gardner, Inc. (S+G) personnel conducted the monitoring network sampling event on
March 23, 2016. Sampling methods followed the protocol outlined in the North Carolina Water
Quality Monitoring Guidance Document for Solid Waste Facilities (Department of Environmental
Quality (DEQ), Division of Waste Management (DWM)). The depth to water in each well was

1 “Butler, J. Robert and Secor, Donald T. Jr. “The Central Piedmont”, Geology of the Carolinas, Horton and
Zullo. The University of Tennessee Press. 1991. p 59-78.
2 Westinghouse Environmental and Geotechnical Services, Inc. “Subsurface Investigation and Monitor
Well Installation Report Warren County Landfill”, January 1990.

Warren County Landfill March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2016 Page 2
gauged to determine groundwater depth then purged three to five well volumes or until dry.
Water table elevations are presented in Table 1.
Samples were collected in laboratory prepared containers for the specified analytical
procedures. Groundwater samples were properly preserved, placed on ice and transported to
the laboratory facility (Prism Laboratories, Inc. NC Certification 402), within the specified hold
times for each analysis.
5.0 FIELD AND LABORATORY RESULTS
5.1 Field Results
Field measurements for pH, temperature, turbidity and specific conductance were
recorded for each location sampled during this monitoring event and are provided in
Table 2.
5.2 Laboratory Analysis
Samples were transported to Prism’s laboratory facility in Charlotte, NC under proper
chain of custody and analyzed for Appendix I constituents, including metals and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) using the Solid Waste Section (SWS) approved methods
indicated in the laboratory report. The laboratory analytical report is included as
Appendix B.
5.3 Laboratory Results
Groundwater analytical results were compared to the NCDWM Solid Waste Section
Quantitation Limits (SWSLs)3, 15A NCAC 2L.0200 (2LStandard) and the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established Federal Maximum Contaminant
Limits (MCL) for groundwater samples; and surface water sample analytical results
were compared to the 15A NCAC 2B Standard for Class C waters (2B Standards).

Most constituents were reported either below the laboratory established reporting limit
(RL) or were laboratory identified “J-values” indicating an estimated or non-quantifiable
value.
5.3.1 Inorganic Constituents
Chromium in MW-4 was the only inorganic parameter detected above its 2L
Standard this event. The inorganic parameters cobalt (MW-1A, MW-2, MW-4 and
WSW-1) and vanadium (MW-4) were reported above their GWP Standards.
Sample turbidity was high for samples collected this event. Turbidity increases
with increased natural materials in the groundwater, influencing analytical

3 New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data Memo, NCDENR – Solid Waste Section,
October 27, 2006

Warren County Landfill March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2016 Page 3
results to be “biased high” due to these naturally occurring constituents.
Detected inorganic constituents are presented in Table 3.
5.3.2 Organic Constituents
Benzene, in the samples from MW-1A and WSW-1, was the only organic
constituent with reported detections above its 2L Standard. This is in line with
historically reported results for benzene at this location.

Detected organic parameters are presented in Table 4.
5.3.3 Surface Water Results
Concentrations of cadmium (SW-1), cobalt (SW-1 and SW-3), copper (SW-1) and
zinc (SW-1) were reported in samples collected this event above the 2B Standard.
Vanadium was also reported at a detectable concentration in the sample from
SW-1; however no 2B Standard has been established for this parameter. High
turbidity likely influenced inorganic detections in surface water samples this
event.

Detections for surface water sampling locations are presented on Tables 3 and
4.
6.0 GROUNDWATER CHARACTERIZATION
Groundwater was recorded from 3 to 7 feet below top of casing), except for MW-1A, where
groundwater was 32 feet below top of casing. Depth to groundwater is consistent with previous
site records4,5. Groundwater generally flows in a northeasterly direction, towards
Possumquarter Creek and its unnamed tributary. Hydraulic conductivity data is not available
for these wells so ground water velocities could not be calculated. A site map is presented as
Figure 1.
7.0 CONCLUSIONS
Spring monitoring event results indicated detected concentrations of total chromium above the
2L Standard in the sample from MW-4; and cobalt and vanadium detections above the GWP
Standard in samples collected during this event. These inorganic constituents are naturally
occurring in North Carolina soils, and sample turbidity influences results to be “biased high”
due to these naturally occurring constituents. The organic constituent benzene was also
detected in samples from MW-1A and WSW-1. These results are similar to previous sampling

4 First Semi-Annual 2015 Groundwater Monitoring, Resolve Environmental Services, PLLC, prepared for
Warren County Landfill, March 25, 2015.
5 Subsurface Investigation and Monitor Well Installation Report, Westinghouse Environmental and
Geotechnical Services, Inc., prepared for Warren County Health Department, January 1990.

Warren County Landfill March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report
May 2016 Page 4
events. The next groundwater monitoring event is scheduled for September 2016. A report with
laboratory analysis will be submitted to NCDENR in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0544.

FIGURE

March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report
Warren County Landfill
Solid Waste Permit No. 93-01

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Warren County Landfill
Solid Waste Permit No. 93-01

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APPENDIX A
Well Logs

March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report
Warren County Landfill
Solid Waste Permit No. 93-01

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APPENDIX B
Laboratory Analytical Results

March 2016 Groundwater Monitoring Report
Warren County Landfill
Solid Waste Permit No. 93-01

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