6403_NashC&D_MonitoringPlan_20170127

NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION

MONITORING PLAN JANUARY 2017

1100 Crescent Green Drive, Suite 208
Cary, North Carolina 27518 • O: 919-792-1900 • F: 866-311-7206 NC FIRM C-2910
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION MONITORING PLAN
i

CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1
2.0 GROUNDWATER & SURFACE WATER MONITORING PLAN .......................................... 1
3.0 GAS CONTROL PLAN ........................................................................................................ 1
APPENDIX A. WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN ......................................................... A
APPENDIX B. GAS CONTROL PLAN .................................................................................... B

NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION MONITORING PLAN
Page 1 of 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0544 of the Solid Waste Management Regulations requires C&DLF facility
owners and operators to prepare a Monitoring Plan and submit to the Division for review. The
Monitoring Plan shall include a Groundwater Monitoring Plan, Surface Water Monitoring Plan,
and Gas Control Plan.
2.0 GROUNDWATER & SURFACE WATER MONITORING PLAN
The Groundwater & Surface Water Monitoring Plan is included as a part of the Water Quality
Monitoring Plan, which is located in Appendix A of the Monitoring Plan.
3.0 GAS CONTROL PLAN
The Gas Control Plan is included as Appendix B of the Monitoring Plan.

APPENDIX A. WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN

NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION

GROUNDWATER & SURFACE
WATER MONITORING PLAN JANUARY 2017

1100 Crescent Green Drive, Suite 208
Cary, North Carolina 27518 • O: 919-792-1900 • F: 866-311-7206 NC FIRM C-2910
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GW & SW MONITORING PLAN
i

CONTENTS
1.0 PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS .............................. 1
3.0 WELL CONSTRUCTION AND ABANDONMENT ................................................................ 1
4.0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND SAMPLING FREQUENCY ..................................... 2
5.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES .................................................................. 3
5.1 FIELD LOGBOOK ............................................................................................................ 3
5.2 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION ................................................................................ 3
5.3 STATIC WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS ................................................................... 4
5.4 DETECTION OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS ......................................................................... 4
5.5 MONITORING WELL PURGING ..................................................................................... 5
5.6 GROUNDWATER SAMPLE COLLECTION ..................................................................... 5
6.0 SURFACE WATER SAMPLE COLLECTION ...................................................................... 6
7.0 FIELD QA/QC PROGRAM .................................................................................................. 6
8.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND SHIPMENT ..................................................................... 7
9.0 LABORATORY ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 7
10.0 REPORTING ..................................................................................................................... 8
FIGURE 1. MONITORING LOCATIONS ................................................................................... A
TABLE 1. MONITORING WELL DATA ...................................................................................... B
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GW & SW MONITORING PLAN

Page 1 of 8

1.0 PURPOSE
This Groundwater and Surface water Monitoring Plan is prepared in accordance with North
Carolina Solid Waste Rules, Section 13B .0544 and includes information on the proposed
groundwater monitoring system(s), sampling and analysis requirements, and detection
monitoring requirements for the Nash County C&D Landfill and Horizontal Expansion.
2.0 GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS
The groundwater monitoring system consists of a nine (9) detection monitoring wells, installed
at appropriate locations and depths, to yield groundwater samples from the aquifer that:
(1) Represent the quality of the background (i.e. up gradient) groundwater that has not been
affected by leakage from the C&DLF. Detection monitoring well MW-1 represents the
background (i.e. up-gradient) groundwater for the Facility.
(2) Ensures detection of groundwater contamination in the uppermost aquifer passing the
relevant point of compliance (i.e. down-gradient). Detection monitoring wells MW-2, MW-
3, MW-4, MW-5, MW-6r, MW-7, MW-8, and MW-9 represents the down-gradient
groundwater for the Facility.
Groundwater and surface water will be monitored at locations as shown on Figure 1. Well
location data for the groundwater well network is presented in Table 1.
3.0 WELL CONSTRUCTION AND ABANDONMENT
The detection monitoring wells will be designed and constructed in accordance with the
applicable North Carolina Well Construction Standards as codified in 15A NCAC 02C. Approval
will be obtained from the Division for the design, installation, development, and decommission
of any monitoring well or piezometer. Documentation must be placed in the operating record
and provided to the Division.
The detection monitoring wells will be Type II groundwater monitoring wells installed using a
hollow-stem auger drilling rig. All Type II groundwater monitoring wells will be constructed of 2-
inch ID Schedule 40 PVC well casing and isolated 10 feet of machine-slotted well screen
intervals with 0.010” slots. A sand pack will be emplaced within the annular space to
approximately 2 feet above the top of the well screen, above which a 2-foot thick bentonite seal
will be installed. The annular space will be finished with Portland cement/bentonite slurry to
grade. The wells will be finished with solid PVC risers extending approximately 2 to 3 feet above
grade and installed in a locking steel casing with concrete pad.
Soil samples will be collected at each drilling location for lithologic descriptions using the
standard penetration test (SPT) method with a 140-lb sliding hammer and steel split-spoon
samplers. Samples will be collected in 2-feet intervals for every five feet of depth to the
completion depth of the boring. The soil retained in each split-spoon sampler will be logged by
a geologist with respect to texture, composition, color, and moisture content. In addition, one
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GW & SW MONITORING PLAN

Page 2 of 8

soil sample collected from the saturated zone at each drilling location will be retained and
submitted for grain size analysis at a geotechnical laboratory to allow for estimating the specific
yield of the aquifer sediments. Additional soil index testing will be performed on select samples
to further characterize overburden soils.
The augers, drill pipe, and drill rig will be decontaminated using a pressure washer prior to and
following completion of drilling for the project. Each well will be developed after installation using
a down hole pump or bailer until the discharge water appears to be free of suspended sediments
or for a maximum of one hour.
Each well will be surveyed relative to the existing site datum for horizontal position and elevation
by a North Carolina licensed surveyor. At each well, elevations will be measured of the ground
surface and top of the solid PVC riser. A permanent mark will be made on the top of the PVC
riser at the point where the elevation measurement is made for future reference when collecting
depth to water data. The survey of the wells must conform to at least the following levels of
accuracy:
(1) Horizontal location to the nearest 0.1 foot,
(2) Vertical control for the ground surface elevation to the nearest 0.01 foot, and
(3) Vertical control for the measuring reference point on the top of the inner well casing to the
nearest 0.01 foot.
The monitoring wells and piezometers will be operated, maintained, and accessible so that they
perform to design specifications throughout the life of the monitoring program.
Should monitoring wells and/or piezometers require abandonment, the NC DWM shall be
notified. The abandonment will consist of plugging the well by tremie grouting, using a cement-
bentonite grout. Where possible, monitoring wells and/or piezometers shall be over-drilled using
hollow-stem augers to remove installed well materials.
4.0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND SAMPLING FREQUENCY
This Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring Plan shall become effective upon approval by
the NC DWM.
Baseline sampling shall commence as soon as possible after the expansion phase is granted
approval and constructed and prior to waste being disposed each the new phase. A minimum
of one sample from each well, background and downgradient, must be collected and analyzed
for the constituents before waste placement in each cell or phase. Table 1 presents timing of
well installation relative to the phase of landfill operation.
During the active life of the facility, and during the closure and post-closure periods, at least one
sample from each well, background and down-gradient, must be collected and analyzed semi-
annually (twice per year), unless an alternate sampling schedule is accepted by the NC DWM.
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GW & SW MONITORING PLAN

Page 3 of 8

5.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES
This Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring Plan includes procedures and techniques for
sample collection; sample preservation and shipment; chain-of-custody control; and quality
assurance and quality control. The sampling and analysis procedures are designed to ensure
monitoring results that provide an accurate representation of groundwater quality at the
background and downgradient wells as described below.
5.1 FIELD LOGBOOK
The field samplers will maintain an up-to-date logbook and sampling forms documenting
important information pertaining to field sampling activities. The field logbook and sampling
forms will document the following:
(1) Site name and location
(2) Date and time of sampling
(3) Climatic conditions at the time of sampling
(4) Personnel conducting the sampling
(5) Sampling locations
(6) Presence of NAPLs
(7) Static water levels in wells
(8) Total depth of wells
(9) Purged water volumes and qualitative well yield
(10) Time well purged
(11) Observations of water samples (appearance, odor, etc.)
(12) Time of sample collection
(13) Temperature, pH, specific conductance and turbidity
5.2 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION
All non-dedicated sampling equipment that will come into contact with groundwater or surface
water will be decontaminated before each use. The equipment decontamination procedure
is presented below.
(1) Clean item with tap water and non-phosphate detergent (Alconox™, Liquinox™ or
equivalent), using a brush if necessary to remove particulate matter and surface films.
(2) Rinse thoroughly with tap water.
(3) Triple rinse with deionized water and allow to air dry.
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GW & SW MONITORING PLAN

Page 4 of 8

(4) Wrap with aluminum foil, if necessary, to prevent contamination of equipment during
storage or transport.
5.3 STATIC WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
Each time groundwater is sampled, groundwater elevations will be measured in each well
immediately prior to purging. Groundwater elevations in wells which monitor the same waste
management area must be measured within a 24-hour period of time to avoid temporal
variations in groundwater flow which could preclude accurate determination of groundwater
flow rate and direction.
An electronic water level instrument will be used to accurately measure water levels to within
0.01 foot. The parts of the static water level instrument that will contact ground-water within
the well (e.g., graduated tape and electronic indicator) will be constructed of inert materials
such as stainless steel and Teflon™. The instrument will be thoroughly decontaminated
between well measurements by washing with non-phosphate soap and triple rinsing with
deionized water to prevent cross-contamination from one well to another.
The following measurements will be recorded in a dedicated field book prior to purging and
sample collection:
(1) Static water level (measured to nearest 0.01 foot).
(2) Total depth of well.
(3) Height of water column in well.
(4) Changes in conditions of well, protective casing, surface pad and surroundings.
The top of the PVC casing will be the reference point for measuring groundwater elevations
in each well.
The static water level and total depth measurements will be used to calculate the volume of
water in the well.
5.4 DETECTION OF IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS
The detection of immiscible non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) is not anticipated at this
facility based on the waste stream handled. However, the water-level measuring instrument
used at the facility (described above) will be equipped with an electronic interface probe that
is capable of distinguishing NAPLs from water. Monitoring for both light NAPLS (less dense
than water) and dense NAPLs (more dense than water) will be conducted at the site by
measuring at the water-table and at the bottom of each well. In the event that NAPLs are
detected, the instrument will initially be cleaned with denatured laboratory grade isopropyl
alcohol, followed by washing with non-phosphate soap and triple rinsing with deionized water
to prevent cross-contamination from one well to another.
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GW & SW MONITORING PLAN

Page 5 of 8

5.5 MONITORING WELL PURGING
Following measurement of the static water levels in all of the wells, individual wells will be
purged of all stagnant water. The stagnant water, which is not representative of true aquifer
conditions, must be removed to ensure that fresh formation water can be sampled. Each
monitoring well will be purged using a new PVC disposable bottom-loading bailer or using
pre-cleaned Teflon-lined disposable polyethylene tubing connected to a peristaltic pump
under low flow conditions.
Prior to sampling, the monitoring wells will be purged of a minimum of three static well
volumes of water, or until dry. During purging, measurements will be made in the field of the
pH, temperature, specific conductance and turbidity of the groundwater collected from the
monitoring wells, in accordance with NC DWM requirements. Data collected will be recorded
in a dedicated field book.
5.6 GROUNDWATER SAMPLE COLLECTION
After the wells are purged, groundwater samples will be collected for laboratory analysis.
New latex or nitrile disposable gloves will be donned prior to sampling at each well.
Groundwater samples will be collected using the new disposable PVC bottom-loading bailers
that were used to purge the wells or using the pre-cleaned Teflon-lined disposable
polyethylene tubing connected to a peristaltic pump under low flow conditions. In general,
sampling will be conducted as soon as practical after purging is complete. In the event that
a monitoring well runs dry during purging, it is acceptable to allow the well to recharge up to
24 hours prior to sampling. Similarly, wells with excess turbidity may be allowed to sit up to
24 hours prior to sampling to allow collection of a representative groundwater sample. Water
levels in the wells will be allowed to recover for a period not exceeding 24 hours after purging
to produce an adequate sample volume. Wells that fail to produce an adequate sample
volume within 24 hours of purging will not be sampled.
Temperature, pH, specific conductance and turbidity will be measured immediately prior to
sampling as a measure of purging efficiency and the results recorded in a dedicated field
book. The temperature, pH, specific conductance and turbidity meters will be calibrated prior
to each sampling event according to the manufacturer’s specifications and consistent with
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste – Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846).
Groundwater samples will be collected and contained in the order of volatility of specific
parameters as follows:
(1) Temperature, pH, specific conductance and turbidity measurements
(2) Volatile Organic Compounds
(3) Total Metals
All detection monitoring samples will be collected unfiltered as required by the NC DWM.
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GW & SW MONITORING PLAN

Page 6 of 8

All reusable sampling equipment, including meter probes, will be thoroughly decontaminated
between wells by washing with non-phosphate soap and water, followed by triple rinsing with
deionized water. Samples will be collected directly from the disposable bailers or the Teflon-
lined disposable polyethylene tubing connected to the peristaltic pump into laboratory-
prepared containers that have been specifically prepared for the preservation and storage of
compatible parameters. All groundwater sample containers will be immediately placed on
ice in a cooler following sample collection in accordance with required sampling protocol.
Blanks and duplicate samples will be collected and analyzed for the same parameters as
groundwater samples to ensure cross-contamination has not occurred. One set of trip
blanks, described later in this document, will be prepared at the laboratory and will remain in
the sample cooler during sample collection and shipment to the laboratory for analysis to
ensure that the sample containers or handling processes have not affected the quality of the
samples. A duplicate groundwater sample may be collected from a single well as a check of
laboratory accuracy and reproducibility.
6.0 SURFACE WATER SAMPLE COLLECTION
Surface water samples to detect the effects of the facility on surface water in the area will be
obtained from the locations of minimal turbulence and aeration as shown on Figure 1. The
following procedure will be implemented for sampling surface water at each location:
(1) Don new latex or nitrile disposable gloves
(2) Hold sample bottle with one hand, and with the other, remove the cap
(3) Push the sample container slowly into the water column and tilt up towards the current to
fill. A depth of about 6 inches is satisfactory. Avoid breaching the surface or agitating the
water while filling the container
(4) If there is little current movement, the container should be moved slowly in a lateral
direction, side to side, keeping the opening pointed upstream.
Blanks and duplicates, preservatives, handling and transport procedures for the surface water
samples will be identical to those noted form the groundwater samples.
7.0 FIELD QA/QC PROGRAM
Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the subject facility requires the routine
collection and analysis of trip blanks to verify that the sampling collection and handling process
has not affected the quality of the samples. The trip blanks will be prepared at the laboratory
and transported to the site in the sample cooler with the field sample containers, handled like a
sample collected in the field, and returned to the laboratory for analysis. The trip blanks will be
analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) only. Any VOCs found in the trip blanks will be
attributed to: 1) contaminated sample container in which the blank was prepared; 2)
contaminated source water; or 3) contamination during handling.
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GW & SW MONITORING PLAN

Page 7 of 8

The owner or operator may demonstrate that a source other than the C&DLF unit or a natural
variation in groundwater quality has caused contamination, or an error in sampling or analysis
of data has resulted in false reporting of contamination. A report documenting this demonstration
must be certified by a Licensed Geologist or Professional Engineer and must be submitted to
the Division for review. The Division shall date and stamp the demonstration "approved" if the
conditions of this Paragraph are met. A copy of the approved report must also be placed in the
operating record.
Any concentrations of contaminants found in the trip blanks will be reported but will not be used
to correct the water quality data for the groundwater or surface water samples. In the event that
elevated constituent concentrations are found in the trip blanks, the laboratory results for that
constituent in the field samples will be flagged for future evaluation and possible resampling.
8.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND SHIPMENT
Sample preservation and shipment procedures will be carefully monitored to ensure sample
integrity. Ice and/or chemical ice packs will be used to preserve samples in a cooler at the
required 4°C temperature. Dry ice is not to be used. Samples will be delivered to the laboratory
via overnight courier to ensure sample holding times are not exceeded. Shipment and receipt
of the samples will be coordinated with the laboratory.
Once collected, samples will be placed on ice and cooled to a temperature of 4°C. Samples are
to be packed in high-impact polystyrene-insulated coolers, so as to inhibit breakage of sample
containers. Chain-of-custody control of all samples will be maintained as follows:
(1) Labels will be placed on individual sample containers in the field, indicating the site name,
sample location, time and date of sampling, required analyses, sampler’s initials and
sample preservative.
(2) Sample containers will be individually secured or placed in a secure area in iced coolers
and will remain in the continuous possession of the field samplers until custody has been
transferred as provided by the chain-of-custody form.
(3) Upon delivery to the laboratory, samples will be given laboratory sample numbers and
recorded into a logbook indicating client, well number, and date and time of delivery. The
laboratory manager or his designee will sign the chain-of-custody forms and formally
receive the samples. Proper refrigeration of the samples will be maintained at the
laboratory prior to preparation of samples.
9.0 LABORATORY ANALYSIS
The groundwater and surface water parameters to be analyzed for the constituents listed in
Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 258, Mercury, Chloride, Manganese, Sulfate, Iron, Tetrahydrofuran,
specific conductance, pH, temperature, Alkalinity, and Total Dissolved Solids.
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GW & SW MONITORING PLAN

Page 8 of 8

All laboratory analyses will be performed by a laboratory certified by the NC DWM for the
analyzed parameters.
QA/QC procedures are to be utilized at all times. The owner/operator of the landfill is responsible
for selecting a laboratory and ensuring that they are utilizing proper QA/QC procedures. The
laboratory must have a QA/QC program based on specific routine procedures outlined in a
written laboratory QA/QC manual. The QA/QC procedures listed in the manual provide the
laboratory with the necessary assurances and documentation for accuracy and precision of
analytical determinations. Internal QC checks shall be undertaken regularly by the laboratory to
assess the precision and accuracy of analytical procedures.
The internal QC checks include the use of calibration standards, standard references, duplicate
samples and spiked or fortified samples. Calibration standards shall be verified against a
standard reference obtained from an outside source. Calibration curves shall be developed
using at least one blank and three standards. Samples shall be diluted if necessary to ensure
that analytical measurements fall on the linear portion of the calibration curve. Duplicate
samples shall be processed at an average frequency of 10 percent to assess the precision of
testing methods, and standard references shall be processed monthly to assess accuracy of
analytical procedures. Spike or fortified samples shall be carried through all stages of sample
preparation and measurement to validate the accuracy of the analysis.
Over the course of the analyses, QC data and sample data shall be reviewed by the laboratory
manager to identify questionable data and determine if the necessary QA/QC requirements are
being followed. If a portion of the laboratory work is subcontracted, it is the responsibility of the
contracted laboratory to verify that all subcontracted work is completed by certified laboratories.
10.0 REPORTING
Within 120 days of completing a groundwater sampling event, the owner or operator must submit
to the Division a report, with one copy in electronic format, that includes information from the
sampling event; including: field observations relating to the condition of the monitoring wells;
field data; summary of the laboratory data; field sampling quality assurance and quality control
data; information on groundwater flow direction; groundwater flow rate for each well with
constituents that exceed groundwater standards over background levels; and any other pertinent
information related to the sampling event.

FIGURE 1. MONITORING LOCATIONS

TABLE 1. MONITORING WELL DATA
Mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

We
l
l

N
o
r
t
h
i
n
g

E
a
s
t
i
n
g
To
p

o
f

Ca
s
i
n
g

El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
[f
t

M
S
L
]
De
p
t
h

t
o

Bo
t
t
o
m

o
f

W
e
l
l
[f
t

B
T
O
C
]
Sc
r
e
e
n

In
t
e
r
v
a
l
[f
t

B
T
O
C
]
Up

o
r

D
o
w
n
Gr
a
d
i
e
n
t
In
i
t
i
a
t
e

S
a
m
p
l
i
n
g
Pr
i
o
r

t
o

O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
in

P
h
a
s
e
MW
-
1

8
4
0
,
9
1
5
.
5
6

2
,
2
9
3
,
1
3
3
.
4
6

2
4
4
.
0
7

4
1
.
1

7
-
2
2

U
p

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

P
h
a
s
e

4
MW
-
2

8
4
1
,
5
9
2
.
3
9

2
,
2
9
3
,
3
7
3
.
3
5

2
1
6
.
6
8

3
7
.
2

9
-
2
4

U
p

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

P
h
a
s
e

4
MW
-
3

8
4
1
,
8
7
3
.
9
3

2
,
2
9
3
,
5
2
0
.
4
4

2
0
6
.
9
7

3
7
.
2

1
5
-
3
0

D
o
w
n

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

P
h
a
s
e

4
MW
-
4

8
4
1
,
9
3
2
.
3
6

2
,
2
9
3
,
9
1
5
.
4
4

1
9
6
.
3
8

4
1
.
8

2
4
-
3
9

D
o
w
n

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

P
h
a
s
e

4
MW
-
5

8
4
1
,
7
8
4
.
1
4

2
,
2
9
4
,
1
6
3
.
9
7

1
9
6
.
7
3

5
1
.
2

2
7
-
4
2

D
o
w
n

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

P
h
a
s
e

4
MW
-
6
R

8
4
1
,
5
4
3
.
9
2

2
,
2
9
4
,
5
0
2
.
1
7

2
1
9
.
9
0

4
0

3
0
-
4
0

D
o
w
n

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

P
h
a
s
e

4
MW
-
7

T
B
D

T
B
D

T
B
D

T
B
D

T
B
D

D
o
w
n

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

P
h
a
s
e

4
MW
-
8

T
B
D

T
B
D

T
B
D

T
B
D

T
B
D

D
o
w
n

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

P
h
a
s
e

4
MW
-
9

8
4
0
,
4
9
8
.
1
4

2
,
2
9
3
,
8
6
8
.
6
8

2
3
0
.
1
6

4
0

3
0
-
4
0

D
o
w
n

G
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

P
h
a
s
e

7
No
t
e
s
:

Su
r
f
a
c
e
Wa
t
e
r

P
o
i
n
t
SW
-
3
SW
-
4
Ta
b
l
e

1

-

W
a
t
e
r

M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Gr
o
u
n
d
-
w
a
t
e
r

M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Na
s
h

C
o
u
n
t
y

C
&
D
L
F

a
n
d

H
o
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l

E
x
p
a
n
s
i
o
n
Do
w
n

g
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

n
e
a
r

e
a
s
t

p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y

l
i
n
e

a
t

a
c
c
e
s
s

r
o
a
d

c
r
o
s
s
i
n
g
Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
Su
r
f
a
c
e
-
w
a
t
e
r

M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Na
s
h

C
o
u
n
t
y

C
&
D
L
F

a
n
d

H
o
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l

E
x
p
a
n
s
i
o
n
1.

M
S
L

=

M
E
A
N

S
E
A

L
E
V
E
L
2.

B
T
O
C

=

B
e
l
o
w

T
o
p

o
f

C
a
s
i
n
g
Do
w
n

g
r
a
d
i
e
n
t

n
e
a
r

e
a
s
t

p
r
o
p
e
r
t
y

l
i
n
e

a
t

s
t
r
e
a
m

o
u
t
l
e
t

t
o

s
w
a
m
p
3.

T
B
D

=

T
o

b
e

d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d

u
p
o
n

a
c
t
u
a
l

i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n

l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n

a
n
d

d
e
p
t
h

APPENDIX B. GAS CONTROL PLAN

NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION

GAS CONTROL PLAN JANUARY 2017

1100 Crescent Green Drive, Suite 208
Cary, North Carolina 27518 • O: 919-792-1900 • F: 866-311-7206 NC FIRM C-2910
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GAS CONTROL PLAN
i

CONTENTS
1.0 GAS CONTROL PLAN ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1 ROUTINE MONITORING PLAN ...................................................................................... 1
1.2 EXPLOSIVE GAS CONCENTRATION LIMITS ................................................................ 1
1.3 FIELD MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL ............................................................................. 2
1.4 REPORTING .................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 CORRECTIVE ACTIONS ................................................................................................. 2
TABLE 1. LANDFILL GAS PROBES ......................................................................................... A
APPENDIX A. LANDFILL GAS MONITORING FORM ........................................................... B
FIGURE 1. LFG PROBE LOCATIONS ...................................................................................... C
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GAS CONTROL PLAN

Page 1 of 3

1.0 GAS CONTROL PLAN
Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0544 (d) requires a gas control plan that ensures:
(1) The concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases generated by the facility does
not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) in on-site facility structures
(excluding gas control or recovery system components).
(2) The concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases does not exceed the lower
explosive limit for methane or other explosive gases at the facility property boundary; and
(3) The facility does not release methane gas or other explosive gases in any concentration
that can be detected in offsite structures.
1.1 ROUTINE MONITORING PLAN
Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0544 (d)(2) requires owners and operators of C&DLF units to
implement a routine gas control monitoring program to ensure that the explosive gas
concentration standards are met. Table 1 shows the coordinates of landfill gas monitoring
wells associated with Horizontal Expansion of the Nash County C&D Landfill. Figure 1 shows
the locations of landfill gas monitoring wells associated with Horizontal Expansion of the
Nash County C&D Landfill. The landfill gas monitoring wells are located based on soil
conditions, the hydrogeologic conditions under and surrounding the facility, hydraulic
conditions on and surrounding the facility, the location of facility structures and property
boundaries, and the location of all off-site structures adjacent to property boundaries.
The landfill gas monitoring wells shall be monitored quarterly.
1.2 EXPLOSIVE GAS CONCENTRATION LIMITS
The operator shall ensure that the concentration of explosive gases generated by the facility
does not exceed 25% of the corresponding lower explosive limit (LEL) in on-site facility
structures. Further, the operator of the C&D landfill shall ensure that the concentration of
explosive gases does not exceed 100% of the corresponding LEL at the facility property
boundary.
Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0544 (d)(5) defines “lower explosive limit” as “the lowest percent by
volume of a mixture of explosive gases in air that will propagate a flame at 25°C and
atmospheric pressure”. The explosive gases typically associated with C&D landfills, and the
corresponding LEL at the stated conditions are as follows:
Explosive Gas
Lower
Explosive
Limit (LEL)
On-site
Facility
Structures
Facility
Property
Boundary
Methane 5% 25% LEL 100% LEL
Hydrogen Sulfide 4% 25% LEL 100% LEL
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GAS CONTROL PLAN

Page 2 of 3

1.3 FIELD MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL
A landfill gas monitoring unit capable of measuring methane and hydrogen sulfide
concentrations as a percent of total atmospheric gases shall be used to measure explosive
gas concentrations at each of the existing gas control probe locations and facility structures.
Corresponding values of the percent of atmospheric carbon dioxide and the percent of
atmospheric oxygen will likewise be documented. No laboratory sampling or analysis will be
conducted under this plan.
Landfill Gas Analyzer Calibration
Calibration of the landfill gas analyzer is critical to obtaining accurate sampling results.
Immediately prior to conducting field measurements, the landfill gas analyzer will be
calibrated according to the manufacturer’s recommendations in an area expected to be free
of. Calibration of the unit should be performed immediately prior to beginning routine
monitoring, and in no case greater than 12 hours before sampling.
Occupied Structures Readings
Permanent structures are constructed on a concrete slab-on-grade or elevated on a
crawlspace. Structures containing a crawlspace or otherwise open area between the
structure and ground surface will be monitored. Reading for occupied structures with a slab-
on-grade will be made inside the structures with the landfill gas analyzer’s probe as high from
the floor as practical. Readings will be recorded when the gas analyzer has reached
equilibrium and the readout has stabilized.
Gas Probe Readings
The pump within the landfill gas analyzer is sized to allow the meter to rapidly purge the
typical probe casing. Readings for the existing landfill gas probes will be made by first
connecting the analyzer probe to the well casing with the shutoff valve in the open position.
Positive connection of the probe to the quick-connect attachment should be checked to see
that the opportunity for ambient air to be drawn into the analyzer is minimized. Readings will
be recorded when the analyzer has reached equilibrium and the readout has stabilized.
1.4 REPORTING
Quarterly gas control monitoring results shall be submitted to NCDENR on the form attached
at the end of this Plan.
1.5 CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0544 (d)(5) specifies the corrective action requirements if methane gas
levels exceeding the limits specified in Subparagraph (d)(1) are detected.
(1) Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health and notify
the Division.
NASH COUNTY C&DLF AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSION GAS CONTROL PLAN

Page 3 of 3

(2) Within seven (7) days of detection, place in the operating record a copy of the
explosive gas levels detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human
health; and
(3) Within sixty (60) days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the explosive gas
release, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division that
the plan has been implemented. The plan shall describe the nature and extent of the
problem, the proposed remedy.

TABLE 1. LANDFILL GAS PROBES
Table 1
Landfill Gas Probes
Gas Probe ID Northing Easting Comment
MM-1 840,932.81 2,293,132.45 Existing
MM-2 841,284.69 2,293,314.10 Existing
MM-3 841,628.74 2,293,394.58 Existing
MM-4 841,877.22 2,293,531.39 Existing
MM-5 841,931.54 2,293,902.60 Existing
MM-6 841,789.70 2,294,152.09 Existing
MM-7 841,606.61 2,294,508.21 Existing
MM-8 841,210.04 2,294,718.94 Existing
MM-9 840,863.38 2,294,514.55 Existing
MM-10 840,434.32 2,294,234.85 Existing
MM-11 840,523.13 2,293,856.34 Existing
MM-12 840,644.88 2,293,493.26 Existing

APPENDIX A. LANDFILL GAS MONITORING FORM

16 

NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section

Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form

Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such,
these documents are available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).

Facility Name: ______________________________________________ Permit Number: ____________________________

Date of Sampling: ___________________ NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or .1600): _____________________________________

Name and Position of Sample Collector: _________________________________________

Type and Serial Number of Gas Meter: _______________________________ Calibration Date of Gas Meter: ___________

Date and Time of Field Calibration: _____________________

Type of Field Calibration Gas (15/15 or 35/50): ____________ Expiration Date of Field Calibration Gas Canister: ________

Pump Rate of Gas Meter: _____________

Ambient Air Temperature: __________ Barometric Pressure: ______________ General Weather Conditions: _____________

Instructions: Under “Location or LFG Well” identify the monitoring wells or describe the location for other tests (e.g., inside
buildings). A drawing showing the location of test must be attached. Report methane readings in both % LEL and % methane
by volume. A reading in percent methane by volume can be converted to % LEL as follows: % methane by volume = %
LEL/20

If your facility has more gas monitoring locations than there is room on this form, please attach additional sheets listing the
same information as contained on this form.

Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments
are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or
certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.

_________________________________________ _________________________________________
SIGNATURE TITLE

FIGURE 1. LFG PROBE LOCATIONS