7305_DukeMayo_GWAssessmentWorkPlan_DIN27318_20170131

Belews Creek Steam Station 3195 Pine Hall Road Belews Creek, NC 27009
336-215-4576

www.duke-energy.com Page 1 of 1
January 31, 2017
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Division of Waste Management Solid Waste Section
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 28778 Attn: Ms. Elizabeth Werner (submitted electronically) Re: Groundwater Assessment Work Plan
Mayo Landfill
Permit No.: 7305-INDUS Mayo Steam Electric Plant Roxboro, North Carolina 27574
Dear Ms. Werner,
Attached you will find the Groundwater Assessment Work Plan for the Mayo Landfill located at the Duke Energy Progress (Duke) Mayo Steam Electric Plant. This plan is being submitted to the Division for approval.

Duke is committed to excellent environmental stewardship and cooperation with the Division regarding the operation, maintenance, safety, and integrity of all of its facilities. We look forward to working with you regarding environmental concerns.
If there are any questions regarding this request, please contact me at [phone] of by email
at [e-mail]. Respectfully submitted,

Kimberlee Witt, PE Environmental Services

Attachments: Work Plan for Assessment of Groundwater at Mayo Plant Landfill cc (via e-mail): Ed Mussler, NCDEQ Evan Andrews, Duke Energy
Herhert Lea, Duke Energy
Jake Muessen, Duke Energy Ed Sullivan, Duke Energy

Jerry A. Wylie, NC LG 1425
Project Manager

Kathy Webb, NC LG 1328
Project Director

WORK PLAN FOR ASSESSMENT OF
GROUNDWATER AT
MAYO PLANT LANDFILL

MAYO STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT
10660 BOSTON ROAD
ROXBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27574
PERMIT #7305-INDUS
SUBMITTED: JANUARY 2017

PREPARED FOR

PREPARED BY
SYNTERRA 148 RIVER STREET, SUITE 220
GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29601
[phone]
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 Objective ................................................................................................................... 1-1
2.0 Site Information ........................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Site Location ............................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology .......................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Groundwater Monitoring ...................................................................................... 2-2
Landfill Groundwater Monitoring Network ................................................ 2-2 2.3.1
CCR Unit Monitoring Network ...................................................................... 2-2 2.3.2
2.4 Landfill Support Units ........................................................................................... 2-2
Truck Wash ........................................................................................................ 2-2 2.4.1
Leachate Storage Tanks .................................................................................... 2-3 2.4.2
Valve Vault and Lift Station ............................................................................ 2-3 2.4.3
Leachate Force Main ......................................................................................... 2-3 2.4.4
Landfill Office and Maintenance Building .................................................... 2-3 2.4.5
Sump Pump System.......................................................................................... 2-3 2.4.6
3.0 Assessment Work Plan................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1 Monitoring Well Installation ................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Groundwater Samples ............................................................................................ 3-2
3.3 Field and Sampling Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures ............. 3-3
Field Logbooks .................................................................................................. 3-3 3.3.1
Field Data Records ............................................................................................ 3-3 3.3.2
Field Equipment Calibration ........................................................................... 3-4 3.3.3
Sample Custody Requirements ....................................................................... 3-5 3.3.4
Quality Assurance and Quality Control Samples ........................................ 3-7 3.3.5
Decontamination Procedures .......................................................................... 3-8 3.3.6
4.0 Report and Schedule ................................................................................................... 4-1
5.0 References ...................................................................................................................... 5-1

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Mayo Plant Vicinity Map
Figure 2 Exisiting Site Layout Map - Landfill
Figure 3 Proposed Monitoring Wells
Figure 4 Typical Well Construction Schematics

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Proposed Groundwater Field and Analytical Parameters
Table 2 Proposed Assessment Schedule

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Low Flow Sampling Plan - Duke Energy Facilities Ash Basin
Groundwater Assessment Program (June 2015)
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Duke Energy Progress, Inc. (Duke Energy), owns and operates the Mayo Steam Electric
Plant (Mayo, Plant or site), located near Roxboro, North Carolina (Person County). The
Mayo Plant began commercial operation in 1983 with a single coal-fired unit. Coal
combustion residuals (CCR) have historically been managed in the Plant’s on-site ash
basin. In 2013, the Mayo Plant converted to a completely dry ash handling system.
Beginning in November 2014, CCR from the Plant have been managed in an on-site
landfill. Mayo Plant Vicinity Map and a landfill site layout map are included as Figures
1 and 2, respectively.
A Solid Waste Permit to construct the landfill was issued by the North Carolina
Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ; formally NCDENR) Division of Waste
Management, Solid Waste Section on July 19, 2012. Construction for the industrial
landfill was completed in June 2014, a Permit to Operate was issued on July 10, 2014,
and waste placement began in November 2014. The permit for the landfill (7305-
INDUS-2012) was issued for a period of five years at which time continued operation of
the landfill requires a permit renewal. Phase One of the landfill consists of 31 acres out
of a possible total 104-acre proposed landfill footprint. The capacity of Phase One is
1,592,000 cubic yards. The landfill was constructed with a double high-density
polyethylene liner with leak detection, groundwater monitoring, and leachate collection
systems.
1.2 Objective
Duke Energy monitors groundwater around Mayo Plant’s landfill to meet the
requirements of the Federal CCR Rule (USEPA, 2015) and other relevant regulations
including NCDEQ’s Solid Waste (SW) Rules Subchapter 13B, .0504(1)(g)(iv) for the Site
Application for the facility and Rule .0602 governing surface water monitoring, and the
North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC) Title 15A, Subchapter 2L.0202 (2L or 2L
Standards) and Subchapter 13B Section .0503. Detections recently noted in
groundwater at the landfill will be evaluated as the focus of this proposed assessment.
Two ancillary units to the landfill, a truck wheel wash station and leachate transfer
vault, were indicated as potential sources of groundwater impact during an initial
review of landfill operations and groundwater data. These units and other ancillary
units require further groundwater assessment to determine the presence and extent of
potential groundwater impact. The objective of this Work Plan is to propose further
assessment activities, outline methodologies and procedures for the proposed
assessment, and provide a timeline for the proposed work to be completed.
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2.0 SITE INFORMATION
2.1 Site Location
The Mayo Plant property is located in the northeast corner of Person County and is
generally bisected by US Highway 501 (Boston Road). The majority of the Plant
property, including the power plant, the ash basin, and the majority of operational
features, is located east of Highway 501 and the property extends to the eastern shore of
Mayo Lake. The Mayo Industrial Landfill (landfill) is located on a portion of Plant
property located west of Highway 501. A haul road connects the landfill with the
operational portion of the Mayo Plant. The landfill property is bounded to the west by
privately owned land, to the south by privately owned land along Woody Store Road,
and to the north by the North Carolina/Virginia state line (Figure 1).
2.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology
The Mayo Plant is located within the Piedmont physiographic province, specifically the
central Piedmont, which is generally comprised of metamorphic rocks that occur as
generally southwest to northeast trending belts of similar metamorphic rocks/facies
interspersed with occasional occurrences of plutonic igneous rocks. The Plant property
is located near the contact between two regional zones of metamorphosed rocks: the
Carolina Slate Belt (often referred to as Carolina terrane) on the east and the Charlotte
Belt (or Charlotte terrane) to the west. The majority of the Mayo Plant, including the
largest portion of the ash basin and Mayo Lake are situated in the Carolina terrane, and
the landfill is situated near the contact between the Carolina and Charlotte terranes.
The vicinity of the landfill is generally characterized by mature, well-rounded hills and
rolling ridges cut by small streams and drainages. However, in areas with thinner
soils/overburden, the relief is more rugged with incised streams that occur as the rate of
subsurface weathering has failed to keep pace with the rate of erosion.
In general, three hydrogeologic units or zones of groundwater flow are described for
the Mayo Plant. The zone closest to the surface is the shallow or surficial flow zone
encompassing saturated conditions, where present, in the residual soil, saprolite, or
alluvium beneath the Site. At the landfill, the saprolite unit is discontinuous across the
Site, and groundwater is generally not encountered in the saprolite unit. A transition
zone is encountered below the surficial zone and above the bedrock and is
characterized primarily by partially weathered rock of variable thickness. Groundwater
is often first encountered in the transition zone unit over much of the site; however,
there are areas where the unit is not saturated. The bedrock flow zone occurs below the
transition zone and is characterized by the storage and transmission of groundwater in
water-bearing fractures. The bedrock hydrogeologic unit is continuous across the site;
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however, the depth at which water-bearing fractures are first encountered is quite
variable.
The landfill is located on an upland area with surface water drainage features that
discharge to the east and northeast into Bowe's Branch, a tributary of the Hyco River.
The surface water features to the west of the landfill drain to the northwest to an un-
named tributary of Bowe's Branch.
2.3 Groundwater Monitoring
Landfill Groundwater Monitoring Network 2.3.1
As previously indicated, state regulations that pertain to this Work Plan and
groundwater at the Mayo Plant landfill include NCDEQ’s SW Rules and the 2L
Standards. For the Solid Waste Permit, Duke installed five monitoring wells (four
downgradient and one upgradient) around Phase One of the landfill to monitor
for potential releases to the uppermost aquifer. Surface water monitoring
locations have also been established to monitor surface water quality around the
landfill. Two locations are situated upstream of the landfill to establish
background concentrations, and one location is downstream of the landfill.
Additionally, one composite leachate sample is collected from the landfill’s
leachate collection tanks. Should the tanks be empty, a second leachate collection
point has been established at the scrubber blowdown ponds. These wells,
surface water, and leachate monitoring locations are sampled semi-annually for a
specific list of constituents.
CCR Unit Monitoring Network 2.3.2
The US EPA passed the CCR Rule in April of 2015. The Mayo landfill is
considered a CCR Unit under USEPA 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
Parts 257. Monitoring wells have been installed around the landfill to comply
with the Federal CCR Rule and are currently undergoing the appropriate
number of sampling events for statistical analysis. Once completed, a report will
be written and certified by a North Carolina Licensed Engineer. Until the initial
sampling effort and statistical analysis is complete, groundwater quality data are
used for information purposes only.
2.4 Landfill Support Units
Various ancillary units support landfill as described in the following sections:
Truck Wash 2.4.1
Haul trucks carry CCR material from the Plant’s combustion chambers to the
landfill. To dump their contents, the trucks must drive onto the working face of
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the landfill. A truck wash is located adjacent to the landfill exit to assist with
removing CCR material from the haul trucks for their return trip to the Plant.
The truck wash is designed to be a closed system that utilizes leachate and fresh
water in the process.
Leachate Storage Tanks 2.4.2
Three storage tanks that collectively could contain an approximate maximum
volume of 1,000,000 gallons of leachate are located adjacent to the landfill on the
west side. The tanks are steel bolted, glass-lined construction and are contained
within a dual containment system. Leachate is stored for use as dust suppressant
via a truck fill station or transferred to the Plant for use in ash conditioning for
transport.
Valve Vault and Lift Station 2.4.3
The valve vault and lift station are two contiguous support units on the northeast
side of the landfill. These units work to route leachate to the tanks and then to
the Plant. The lift station consists of an 84-inch concrete manhole, which extends
about 11.5 feet below grade to a series of pumps, pipes, and valves. The valve
vault is a 12-feet by 6-feet rectangular concrete box, installed about 5.5 feet below
grade, also containing a series of valves and pipes.
Leachate Force Main 2.4.4
The leachate collection system is a series of underground pipes, dual contained
with HDPE force main pipe within a larger HDPE containment pipe, and
pumping stations that move the leachate collected from the landfill to the
leachate storage tanks located topographically above the landfill.
Landfill Office and Maintenance Building 2.4.5
North of the landfill is an office and maintenance building, housing a few offices,
maintenance shop, kitchen, and restroom. The building is roughly 2500 square
feet and has a septic system and potable well located about 300 feet west of the
building. The septic field is located 625 feet southwest of the building, and the
septic tank is located 25 feet northeast, next to a pump tank. There is also an oily
water storage tank located along the northeast wall of the building.
Sump Pump System 2.4.6
A sump pump system removes leachate from the landfill leachate collection
system. Leachate is pumped from the landfill into the leachate force main. The
sump pump system includes HDPE side slope riser pipes, which house pumps
and a control panel adjacent to the side slope risers.
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3.0 ASSESSMENT WORK PLAN
Landfill ancillary structures having the potential to influence groundwater quality are
those that transport or store leachate water. Active assessment of areas downgradient
of the truck wash and transfer vault are included in this Work Plan. Additionally, a
review of the likelihood of impacts to groundwater quality from the lined landfill unit,
leachate tanks, leachate force main, sump pump system, landfill office and maintenance
building will be reviewed as a part of this assessment through an analysis of
engineering design and construction reports/drawings as well as direct testing results.
The scope of work discussed in this plan is designed to meet the requirements of 15A
NCAC 02L .0106(g) as it pertains to the anticipated further assessment of the
groundwater downgradient of landfill ancillary structures.
3.1 Monitoring Well Installation
This work plan addresses the groundwater assessment of up to three specific areas
around the landfill for additional evaluation.
Area 1 monitoring wells will be installed downgradient of the truck wash station,
around the topographic relief draw and within the 250 feet landfill compliance
boundary. The main purpose of these clusters is to assess the potential impact to
groundwater from the truck wash station.
Area 2 monitoring wells will be installed downgradient of the leachate transfer
vault and within the 250 feet landfill compliance boundary to assess the potential
impact to groundwater from the leachate transfer vault.
Area 3 (potential monitoring well location) is east of the landfill near the leachate
sump pump system. Additional evaluation of landfill operations and ancillary
equipment, as well as an evaluation of available groundwater quality data, will
be conducted.
Four monitoring well clusters in Area 1 and three monitoring well clusters in Area 2 are
proposed for installation, as shown in Figure 3. There may be up to three individual
monitoring wells installed per cluster. If deemed appropriate for evaluation in Area 3, a
single monitoring well may be installed deeper in the transition zone than existing
monitoring well, LMW-4, to further evaluate the groundwater in this area. Area 1 and 2
monitoring wells may be screened in the surficial (S), transition zone (D), and upper
bedrock (BR) flow zones (as saturated conditions are observed) to assess groundwater
quality and evaluate vertical migration of constituents. Estimated depths from ground
surface for each zone are 25 feet bgs (below ground surface) for the surficial well, 40 feet
bgs for the transition zone well, and 60 feet bgs for the upper bedrock well. The exact
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number of wells installed in a given location will be dependent on actual conditions
encountered in the field (e.g., saturated conditions). Proposed monitoring well
installation will be initiated following appropriate access and permit approvals,
including NCDEQ Erosion & Sediment Control.
Borings for well installation will be drilled utilizing air rotary (specifically, downhole,
pneumatic air hammer) techniques. Assuming favorable site conditions, it is anticipated
that wells may be completed in the saprolite unit, the transition zone between saprolite
and competent bedrock, and bedrock wells installed into the upper portion of the
underlying shallow bedrock to an approximate depth, based on specific conditions, of
at least 10 feet below the saprolite/bedrock transition zone. For locations with multiple
monitoring wells (two or more monitoring wells at the same location), the deeper well
will be installed first. Upon completion of the deeper well, the drill rig will be off set
according to the well arrangement, and the shallower well(s) will be installed. During
boring installation, soil/rock cuttings will be described for lithologic information
including color and soil/rock type. Monitoring wells will be constructed in accordance
with NCAC Title 15A, Subchapter 2C, Section .0100 Well Construction Standards. Wells
will be installed with preference to screen intervals 10 feet in length, but unique
hydrogeologic conditions may require the need for longer or shorter lengths. Typical
well construction schematics are included as Figure 4.
Following installation, the monitoring wells will be developed in order to remove drill
fluids, clay, silt, sand, and other fines, which may have been introduced into the
formation or sand pack during drilling and well installation, and to establish
communication of the well with the aquifer. Following well completion, the newly
installed wells will be surveyed for location and elevation.
3.2 Groundwater Samples
Groundwater samples will be collected using low flow sampling techniques utilizing
either a peristaltic pump or submersible pump per the groundwater sampling
procedures provided in the Low Flow Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Facilities, Ash Basin
Groundwater Assessment Program, North Carolina, June 10, 2015 (Appendix A) (Low Flow
Sampling Plan) to minimize sampling error and prevent cross contamination of samples.
Field parameters, as listed in Table 1, will be measured and recorded during
groundwater sampling. Groundwater samples will be submitted to the Duke Energy
analytical laboratory and analyzed for the constituents listed in Table 1. Groundwater
results will be compared to the 2L Standards.
During groundwater sampling activities, water level measurements will be collected at
the existing site monitoring wells, observation wells, and piezometers, along with the
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new wells. The data will be used to generate water table and potentiometric maps of
the encountered hydrogeologic units.
3.3 Field and Sampling Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Procedures
Documentation of field activities will be completed using a combination of logbooks,
field data records (FDRs), sample tracking systems, and sample custody records.
Field Logbooks 3.3.1
The field logbooks are permanently bound and provide a hand written account
of field activities. Entries are made in indelible ink, and corrections are made
with a single line with the author initials and date. Each page of the logbook is
dated and initialed by the person completing the log. Partially completed pages
will have a line drawn through the unused portion at the end of each day with
the author’s initials. The following information is generally entered into the field
logbooks:
The date and time of each entry;
A summary of important tasks or subtasks completed during the day;
A description of field tests completed in association with the daily task;
A description of samples collected including documentation of quality
control samples that were prepared (rinse blanks, duplicates, matrix
spike, split samples, etc.);
Documentation of equipment maintenance and calibration activities;
Documentation of equipment decontamination activities; and,
Descriptions of deviations from the work plan.
Field Data Records 3.3.2
Sample field data records (FDR) contain sample collection and/or exploration
details. A FDR may be a preprinted, “fill-in the blanks” form on paper or it may
be an electronically generated form where data and information is recorded and
stored directly onto a field computer. A FDR is completed each time a field
sample is collected. The goal of the FDR is to document exploration and sample
collection methods, materials, dates and times, and sample locations and
identifiers. Field measurements and observations associated with a given
exploration or sample collection task are recorded on the FDRs. FDRs are
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maintained throughout the field program in files that become a permanent
record of field program activities.
Field Equipment Calibration 3.3.3
Field sampling equipment (e.g., YSI pH/conductivity/temperature/dissolved
oxygen/oxidation-reduction potential [ORP] meter) will be properly maintained
and calibrated prior to and during continued use to confirm that measurements
are accurate within the limitations of the equipment. Personnel will follow the
manufacturers’ instructions to determine if the instruments are functioning
within their established operation ranges. To be acceptable, a field test must be
bracketed between acceptable calibration results. The calibration data will be
recorded on a FDR.
The first check may be an initial calibration, with the second check being
a continuing verification check.
The field parameter meter undergo morning, afternoon and end of day
calibrations, as applicable.
Verify the calibration at no more than 24-hour intervals during use and
at the end of the use if the instrument will not be used the next day or
time periods greater than 24 hours.
Initial calibration and verification checks should meet the acceptance
criteria or the data is qualified.
If an initial calibration or verification check fails to meet the acceptance
criteria, recalibrate the instrument or remove it from service.
If a calibration check fails to meet the acceptance criteria and it is not
possible to reanalyze the samples, the following actions are taken:
- Report results between the last acceptable calibration check and the
failed calibration check as estimated (qualified with a “J”);
- Include a narrative of the problem; and
- Shorten the time period between verification checks or repair/replace
the instrument.
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If historically generated data demonstrate that a specific instrument
remains stable for extended periods of time, the interval between initial
calibration and calibration checks may be increased.
- Acceptable field data are to be bracketed by acceptable checks. Data
that are not bracketed by acceptable checks will be qualified.
- Base the selected time interval on the shortest interval that the
instrument maintains stability.
- If an extended time interval is used and the instrument consistently
fails to meet the final calibration check, then the instrument may
require maintenance to repair the problem or the time period is too
long and will be shortened.
For continuous monitoring equipment, acceptable field data will be
bracketed by acceptable checks or the data should be qualified.
Sampling or field measurement instrument determined to be malfunctioning will
be repaired or replaced with a new piece of equipment.
Sample Custody Requirements 3.3.4
A program of sample custody will be followed during sample handling activities
in both field and laboratory operations. This program is designed to account for
each sample at all times. The appropriate sampling and laboratory personnel
will complete sample FDRs, chain-of-custody records, and laboratory receipt
sheets.
The primary objective of sample custody procedures is to obtain an accurate
written record that can trace the handling of samples during the sample
collection process, through analysis, until final disposition.
Field Sample Custody
Sample custody for samples collected during each sampling event will be
maintained by the personnel collecting the samples. Samplers are responsible for
documenting sample transfer and maintaining sample custody until the samples
are shipped off-site. The sample custody protocol followed by the sampling
personnel involves:
Recording sample locations, sample bottle identification, and specific
sample acquisition measures on appropriate forms;
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Using sample labels to document all information necessary for effective
sample tracking; and,
Completing sample FDR forms to establish sample custody in the field
before sample shipment.
Prepared labels are normally developed for each sample prior to sample
collection. At a minimum, each label will contain:
Duke Energy power plant (Mayo);
Sample location (identification) and depth (if applicable);
Sample collection date and time; and,
Analyses requested; and
Preservative (if applicable).
Blank chain-of-custody records for each media will be provided by the analytical
laboratory. Analytical parameters and the bottle ware required for each
analytical parameter will be listed on the blank chain-of-custody records. A
chain-of-custody record documenting samples collected will be prepared each
day following sample collection. Chain-of-custody records document the
following:
Sample location/identification;
The requested analysis and applicable preservative;
The dates and times of sample collection;
The number of sample containers corresponding to each sample and
analysis;
The signature of the sampler completing the chain-of-custody form;
The date, time and sampler signature documenting the transfer of
sample custody from the sample crew to the courier or laboratory
personnel receiving the samples; and
The date, time and signature of the courier (or laboratory personnel)
documenting receipt and custody of the samples.
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Completed chain-of-custody forms typically are photographed by the sample
team and the photographs forwarded to designated SynTerra personnel along
with daily progress reports to assist in tracking sample collection and analysis.
Sample Container Packing
Sample containers will be packed in plastic coolers for shipment or pick up by
the laboratory. Bottles will be packed tightly to reduce movement of bottles
during transport. Ice will be placed in the cooler along with the chain-of-custody
record in a separate, resealable, air tight, plastic bag. A temperature blank
provided by the laboratory will also be placed in each cooler prior to shipment if
required for the type of samples collected and analyses requested. Sample
coolers will be closed and secured using shipping tape and a signed custody seal
placed across the cooler lid and body to document that the sample cooler was not
opened during sample transport to the analytical laboratory.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control Samples 3.3.5
The following quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) samples will be
collected during the proposed field activities:
Equipment rinse blanks (one per day);
Field Duplicates (one per 20 samples per sample medium)
Groundwater samples will be collected using low flow sampling techniques
utilizing either a peristaltic pump or submersible pump and new sample tubing
or dedicated pumps with tubing. Non-dedicated sample tubing will be
discarded following sample collection from individual monitoring wells.
Deionized water provided by the analytical laboratory will be transferred
directly into equipment blank sample containers via new and unused sample
tubing. The groundwater sampling equipment blanks enable evaluation of bias
(systematic errors) attributed to groundwater sampling equipment.
A field duplicate is a replicate sample prepared at the sampling locations from
equal portions of all sample aliquots combined to make the sample. Both the
field duplicate and the sample are collected at the same time, in the same
container type, preserved in the same way, and analyzed by the same laboratory
as a measure of sampling and analytical precision.
Field QA/QC samples will be analyzed for the same constituents indicated in
Table 1.
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Decontamination Procedures 3.3.6
Proper decontamination of non-dedicated sampling equipment is essential to
minimize the possibility of cross contamination of samples. Previously used
sampling equipment will be decontaminated before sampling and between the
collection of each sample. New, disposable sampling equipment, or dedicated
sampling equipment (e.g., peristaltic pump tubing) will be used for sampling
activities where possible.
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Assessment Work Plan 31_Jan_2017.docx

4.0 REPORT AND SCHEDULE
After evaluation, SynTerra will summarize the data in an assessment report, which will
contain figures and tables to summarize the data; a map(s) documenting sampling
locations and results; documentation of field observations including boring logs, sample
descriptions; and laboratory analytical data. The report will be prepared in accordance
with industry standards and will be signed and sealed by a North Carolina Licensed
Engineer or Geologist.
A proposed timeline for Work Plan implementation and assessment completion is
provided in Table 2.
TABLE 2 PROPOSED ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE
MAYO STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT - LANDFILL
TASK ESTIMATED TIMELINE
(AFTER APPROVAL BY NCDEQ DWM AND RECEIPT OF
AUTHORIZATION AND NOTICE TO PROCEED)
Erosion and Sediment Control
(E&SC) Plan Preparation and
Submittal
2 weeks
E&SC Plan - NCDEQ
Approval/Permit Issuance
4 weeks after submittal of E&SC Plan
Monitoring Well Access and E&SC Permit Implementation 4 weeks after issuance of E&SC Permit
Monitoring Well Installation 4 weeks
Sample Collection and Analysis 2 weeks after completion of well installation
Data Validation 2 weeks after receipt of laboratory analytical reports
Submittal of Assessment Report 8 weeks after completion of data validation

Work Plan for Assessment of Groundwater January 2017
Mayo Steam Electric Plant – Landfill SynTerra
Page 5-1
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Assessment Work Plan 31_Jan_2017.docx

5.0 REFERENCES
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Solid Waste Management.
Raleigh: North Carolina Administrative Code Title 15A, Subchapter 13B
North Carolina General Statue 130A Article 9, Solid Waste Management.
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Groundwater Classifications and
Standards. Raleigh: North Carolina Administrative Code Title 15A, Subchapter
02L; Effective April 1, 2013.
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Well Construction Standards.
Raleigh: North Carolina Administrative Code Title 15A, Subchapter 2C, Section
.0100; Current through October 1, 2009.
USEPA, April 2015; 40 CFR Parts 257 and 261 Hazardous and Solid Waste Management
System; Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals from Electric Utilities; Final Rule, EPA-
HQ-RCRA-2009-0640.

Work Plan for Assessment of Groundwater Detections January 2017
Mayo Steam Electric Plant - Landfill SynTerra
P:\Duke Energy Progress.1026\05.MAYO\Monofill Wheel Wash and Valve Vault Assessment\Work Plan\Mayo LF GW
Assessment Work Plan 31_Jan_2017.docx
FIGURES
MAYO PLANTLANDFILL
LOUISIANAPACIFICCORP.
MAYOPLANT
MAYO ASHBASIN
MAYOLAKE
HALIFAX CO (VA)
PERSON CO (NC)
DUKE ENERGYPROPERTY
DUKE ENERGYPROPERTY
HAUL ROAD
HYCOLAKE
DUKE ENERGYPROPERTY
DUKE ENERGYPROPERTY
U S -5 0 1
SR-1374
S R -1 5 0 0
SR-1501
SR-1327
FIGURE 1MAYO PLANT VICINITY MAPMAYO STEAM ELECTRIC PLANTROXBORO, NORTH CAROLINADRAWN BY: A. ROBINSON/A. FEIGLCHECKED BY: K. DONOVANPROJECT MANAGER: J. WYLIE
DATE: 01/27/2017
148 RIVER STREET, SUITE 220GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29601PHONE [phone]www.synterracorp.com
P:\Duke Energy Progress.1026\00 GIS BASE DATA\Mayo\Map_Docs\Landfill\Fig01_MayoVicinityMap_20170111.mxd
500 0 500 1,000250
GRAPHIC SCALE IN FEET
LEGEND
PLANT_BOUNDARY
STATE/COUNTY BOUNDARY
STREAM
NOTES:
2016 AERIAL ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY OBTAINED FROM USDA NRCSGEOSPATIAL DATA GATEWAY(https://gdg.sc.egov.usda.gov/GDGOrder.aspx).
DRAWING HAS BEEN SET WITH A PROJECTION OF NORTH CAROLINA STATEPLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM FIPS 3200 (NAD 83/2011).
")
")
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&<
&<
&<
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MAYO PLANTLANDFILL
SW-1
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SW-3
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LMW-2
LMW-3
LMW-5
S
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390
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490
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470
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FIGURE 2EXISTING SITE LAYOUT MAP - LANDFILLMAYO STEAM ELECTRIC PLANTROXBORO, NORTH CAROLINADRAWN BY: A. ROBINSON/A. FEIGLCHECKED BY: K. DONOVANPROJECT MANAGER: J. WYLIE
DATE: 01/31/2017
148 RIVER STREET, SUITE 220GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29601PHONE [phone]www.synterracorp.com
P:\Duke Energy Progress.1026\00 GIS BASE DATA\Mayo\Map_Docs\Landfill\Fig02_LandfillSiteLayout_20170111.mxd
250 0 250 500125
GRAPHIC SCALE IN FEET
LEGEND
&<GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL
")SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATION
LANDFILL BOUNDARY (APPROXIMATE)
LANDFILL COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY (APPOXIMATE)
LANDFILL REVIEW BOUNDARY (APPROXIMATE)
DUKE ENERGY PROGRESS MAYO PLANT PROPERTYBOUNDARY
EXISTING GROUND SURFACE CONTOUR
STREAM
NOTES:2016 AERIAL ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY OBTAINED FROM USDA NRCSGEOSPATIAL DATA GATEWAY(https://gdg.sc.egov.usda.gov/GDGOrder.aspx).
DRAWING HAS BEEN SET WITH A PROJECTION OF NORTH CAROLINA STATEPLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM FIPS 3200 (NAD 83/2011).
DUKE ENERGYPROPERTY BOUNDARY
COMPLIANCEBOUNDARY
REVIEWBOUNDARY
LIMIT OF WASTE
SOIL STOCKPILE
RAILROAD
SEDIMENT TRAP
SEDIMENT TRAP
LEACHATE TANKS ANDLOAD OUT STATION
LEACHATE SAMPLE L-1LOCATION
U N N A M E D T R I B U T A R Y O F
B O W E S B R A N C H
B O W E S B R A N C H
B O W E S B R A N C H
HAUL ROAD
SEDIMENT TRAP
SEDIMENT BASIN
OFFICE/MAINTENANCE BUILDING
TRUCK WASH LEACHATE TRANSFERVAULT
SUMP PUMPS ANDCONTROL PANEL
DUKE ENERGYPROPERTY
DUKE ENERGYPROPERTY
SEPTIC FIELD
POTABLE WELL LOCATION OILY WATER STORAGE TANK
SEPTIC AND PUMP TANKS
SEDIMENT BASIN
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LEACHATECOLLECTIONFORCE MAIN
R A I L R O A D
DUKE ENERGYPROPERTY
DUKE ENERGYPROPERTY
LMW-3
LMW-4
MAYO PLANT LANDFILL
250' COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY
125' REVIEW BOUNDARY B O W E S
B R A N C H
NOTES:TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOURS ARE FROM GRADING PLAN - TOP OFLINER DRAWING NO. IFC-27 (GOLDER ASSOCIATES, INC.).
2016 AERIAL ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY OBTAINED FROM USDA NRCSGEOSPATIAL DATA GATEWAY(https://gdg.sc.egov.usda.gov/GDGOrder.aspx).
DRAWING HAS BEEN SET WITH A PROJECTION OF NORTH CAROLINASTATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM FIPS 3200 (NAD83/2011).
FIGURE 3PROPOSED MONITORING WELLSMAYO STEAM ELECTRIC PLANTROXBORO, NORTH CAROLINADRAWN BY: B. YOUNGPROJECT MANAGER: J. WYLIECHECKED BY: K. DONOVAN
DATE: 01/31/2017
148 RIVER STREET, SUITE 220GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29601PHONE [phone]www.synterracorp.com
P:\Duke Energy Progress.1026\00 GIS BASE DATA\Mayo\Map_Docs\Landfill\Fig03_PropAssessLoc_20170130.mxd
100 0 100 200
IN FEET
GRAPHIC SCALE
LEGEND
&<EXISTING MONITORING WELL
&<PROPOSED ASSESSMENT WELL: AREA 1
&<PROPOSED ASSESSMENT WELL: AREA 2
&<PROPOSED ASSESSMENT WELL: AREA 3
<TOPOGRAPHIC RELIEF DRAW & SLOPE DIRECTIONLEACHATE FORCE MAINLEACHATE COLLECTION FORCE MAINEXISTING GROUND SURFACE CONTOUR
DUKE ENERGY PROGRESS MAYO PLANT SITE BOUNDARYLANDFILL 250 FT COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY (APPROXIMATE)LANDFILL 125 FT REVIEW BOUNDARY (APPROXIMATE)

FIGURE 4
TYPICAL WELL CONSTRUCTION SCHEMATICS
Typical Single-Cased Monitoring Well

(PROVIDED BY DUKE ENERGY/HDR)

Typical Double-Cased Monitoring Well

(PROVIDED BY DUKE ENERGY/HDR)

Typical Outer Casing Installation for Double Cased Monitoring Well

(PROVIDED BY DUKE ENERGY/HDR)
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Work Plan for Assessment of Groundwater Detections January 2017
Mayo Steam Electric Plant - Landfill SynTerra
P:\Duke Energy Progress.1026\05.MAYO\Monofill Wheel Wash and Valve Vault Assessment\Work Plan\Mayo LF GW
Assessment Work Plan 31_Jan_2017.docx
TABLES

TABLE 1
PROPOSED GROUNDWATER FIELD AND ANALYTICAL PARAMETERSMAYO LANDFILL PHASE 1 - PERMIT NO. 7305
MAYO STEAM ELECTRIC PLANTDUKE ENERGY PROGRESS, INC, ROXBORO, NC
Field pH 320 S.U. 5591 - NE 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5*
Specific Conductance 323 µƱ/cm 5591 - NE NE NE
Temperature 325 °C 5591 - NE NE NE
Top of Casing 328 feet - - NE NE NE
Depth to Water 318 feet - - NE NE NE
Water Elevation 427 feet - - NE NE NE
Well Depth 411 feet - - NE NE NE
Arsenic 14 µg/L 248 0.078 10 10 10
Barium 15 µg/L 248 0.1 100 700 2,000
Boron 428 µg/L 248 3.3 NE 700 NE
Cadmium 34 µg/L 248 0.101 1 2 5
Chloride 455 µg/L 248 22 NE 250,000 250,000*
Chromium 51 µg/L 248 0.5 10 10 100
Copper 54 µg/L 248 1 10 1,000 1,300
Fluoride 312 µg/L 248 17 2,000 2,000 4,000
Iron 340 µg/L 248 1.3 300 300 300*
Lead 131 µg/L 248 0.065 10 15 15
Manganese 342 µg/L 248 0.2 50 50 50*
Mercury 132 µg/L 248 0.006 0.2 1 2
Nickel 152 µg/L 248 0.5 50 100 NE
Nitrate (as Nitrogen) 303 µg/L 248 5.4 10,000 10,000 10,000
Selenium 183 µg/L 248 0.092 10 20 50
Silver 184 µg/L 248 0.7 10 20 100*
Sulfate 315 µg/L 248 18 250,000 250,000 250,000*
Total Dissolved Solids 311 µg/L 248 16,700 NE 500,000 500,000*
Zinc 213 µg/L 248 2.6 10 1,000 5,000*
Notes:Prepared By: KDB Checked By: BJY
- Concentrations are equal to or greater than the SWSL.
Samplles collected by SynTerra Corporation on April 6, 2016.
MCL = Federal Maximum Contaminant Level as found in 40 CFR, Subpart G § 141.62.
7305 = CCP Monofill, Phase 1 - Permit No. 7305
S.U. = Standard Units
µƱ/cm = micromhos per centimeter
µg/L = micrograms per liter
A blank cell means there is no relevant information.
Bold Concentrations are equal to or greater than the 15A NCAC 2L Standard (for pH bold indicates a measurement outside of the range).
Parameter SWS ID Units
Certificate
Code
NE = Not Established
MDL SWSL
15A NCAC 2L
Standard
Federal
MCL
All concentrations are presented in µg/L.
SWS ID = the Solid Waste Section Identification Number.
MDL = the laboratory Method Detection Limit. The MDL values presented are for samples not diluted by the laboratory during analysis.
SWSL = the Solid Waste Section Limit. NCDEQ defines the SWSL as the lowest amount of analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively determined with suitable precision and accuracy.15A NCAC 2L Standard refers to Class GA Standards as found in 15A NCAC 02L. 0202 Groundwater Quality Standards, last amended on
April 1, 2013 (Appendix I amended April 1, 2013).
* Concentration listed is a secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL). SMCLs are established by EPA in the National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations as found in 40 CFR §143.3.
P:\Duke Energy Progress.1026\05.MAYO\Monofill Wheel Wash and Valve Vault Assessment\Work Plan\Tables\Table 1 Groundwater Field and Analytical Parameters.xlsxTable 1 Groundwater Field and Analytical Parameters.xlsxtable 4 Page 1 of 1
Work Plan for Assessment of Groundwater Detections January 2017
Mayo Steam Electric Plant - Landfill SynTerra
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Assessment Work Plan 31_Jan_2017.docx
APPENDIX A

LOW FLOW SAMPLING PLAN
DUKE ENERGY FACILITIES ASH BASIN
GROUNDWATER ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
(MAY 2015)

Low Flow Sampling Plan Duke Energy
Facilities
Ash Basin Groundwater Assessment Program
North Carolina
May 1, 2015

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling PlanAppendices

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Low Flow Sampling Plan ....................................................................................................... 1
1.0 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................... 1
2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................. 1
3.0 PROCEDURES ....................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Pre-Job Preparation ............................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Water-Level Measurements ................................................................................................. 3
3.3 Well Purging ........................................................................................................................ 4
3.3.1 Low-Flow Well Purging ............................................................................................ 4
3.3.2 Volume-Averaging Well Purging .............................................................................. 7
3.4 Sampling ......................................................................................................................... 9
3.4.1 Low-Flow Sampling ................................................................................................. 9
3.4.2 Sampling after Volume-Averaging Purge ............................................................... 10
3.5 Sample Handling, Packing, and Shipping ..................................................................... 10
3.5.1 Handling ................................................................................................................ 10
3.5.2 Sample Labels ....................................................................................................... 10
3.5.3 Sample Seals .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5.4 Chain-of-Custody Record ...................................................................................... 11
3.6 Field Quality Control Samples ....................................................................................... 11
3.7 Field Logbook Documentation....................................................................................... 12
3.8 Decontamination and Waste Management ................................................................... 13
4.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 13
Decontamination of Equipment SOP .......................................................................................... 14
1.0 1.0 Purpose & Application ................................................................................................ 15
2.0 Equipment & Materials .......................................................................................................... 15
3.0 Procedure ............................................................................................................................. 15
3.1 Decontamination of Non-disposable Sampling Equipment .......................................... 15
3.2 Decontamination of Field Instrumentation .................................................................... 15
3.3 Decontamination of Groundwater Sampling Equipment ............................................... 16
3.4 Materials from Decontamination Activities .................................................................... 16
Sampling Equipment Check List – Table 1 ................................................................................. 17
Field Logbook/Data Sheets ......................................................................................................... 19
Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling PlanAppendices

Appendices
Appendix A – Decontamination of Equipment SOP

Appendix B – Sampling Equipment Check List – Table 1

Appendix C – Field Logbook/Data Sheets

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar1.0 PURPOSE

1
1.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of this low flow sampling plan is to establish a standard operating
procedure (SOP) to describe collection procedures for groundwater samples from
monitoring wells using low-flow purging and sampling techniques or by the volume-
averaged purging and sampling method at Duke Energy Ash Basin Groundwater
Assessment Program facilities.

2.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Potential hazards associated with the planned tasks shall be thoroughly evaluated prior
to conducting field activities. The Ready-To-Work Plan developed for each facility
provides, among other items, a description of potential hazards and associated safety
and control measures.
Sampling personnel must wear powder-free nitrile gloves or equivalent while
performing the procedures described in this SOP. Specifically, gloves must be worn
while preparing sample bottles, preparing and decontaminating sampling equipment,
collecting samples, and packing samples. At a minimum, gloves must be changed
prior to the collection of each sample, or as necessary to prevent the possibility of
cross-contamination with the sample, the sample bottles, or the sampling equipment.
Field sampling equipment shall be decontaminated in accordance with the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A) prior to use. Although sampling
should typically be conducted from least to most impacted location, field logistics may
necessitate other sample collection priorities. When sampling does not proceed from
least to most impacted location, precautions must be taken to ensure that appropriate
levels of decontamination are achieved.
An example of equipment needed to properly conduct low-flow purging and sampling or
volume- averaged groundwater purging and sampling is listed on the example checklist
in Table 1 (Appendix B).
If a portable generator is used to power the purge pump, it shall be attempted to be
located downwind of the well being sampling to avoid cross-contamination of the sample
with exhaust from the generator motor.

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3.0 PROCEDURES
The following sections describe the general operating procedures and methods
associated with groundwater sampling. Any variation in these procedures must be
approved by the Project Manager (PM) and Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
Lead and must be fully documented. Field work cannot progress until deviations are
approved or resolved.
3.1 Pre-Job Preparation
The information listed below may be reviewed prior to sampling activities, if available,
and can be beneficial on-site for reference in the field as necessary:
• A list of the monitoring wells to be sampled;
• Information describing well location, using site-specific or topographic maps or Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates and descriptions tied directly to prominent field markers;
• A list of the analytical requirements for each sampling location;
• Boring logs and well construction details, if available;
• Survey data that identify the documented point of reference (V-notch or other mark on well casing) for the collection of depth-to-groundwater and total well depth measurements;
• Previous depth-to-groundwater measurements;
• Previous pump placement depths (dedicated pumps as well as portable pumps)
for each sampling location, if available;
• Previous pump settings and pumping and drawdown rates, if available; and
• Previous analytical results for each monitoring well, if known.
The information above is useful when determining the sampling order, pump intake
depth, and purge and recharge rates, and can facilitate troubleshooting.
The following activities should be completed prior to mobilizing to the site:
• Obtain equipment necessary for completing the sampling activities (see the
example checklist in Table 1).
• Ensure appropriate laboratory-provided bottles are available for both the required analyses and for QC samples and that there has been thorough coordination with the analytical laboratory.

• Obtain site-specific maps or GPS coordinates showing clearly marked monitoring well locations or groundwater sample points.
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• Review the project work control documents such as the Ready-To-Work Plan, and appropriate SOPs in an effort to determine project-specific sampling
requirements, procedures, and goals.
• Verify that legal right-of-entry has been obtained and site access has been granted, where required.
• Instruct the field team to avoid discussing project data with the public and to refer questions to the Project Manager.
3.2 Water-Level Measurements
Prior to pump placement, an initial depth-to-water level and total well depth should be
measured. For monitoring wells screened across the water table, this measurement
shall be used to determine the required depth to the pump intake (typically, approximately
the mid-point of the saturated screen length for low-flow purging and sampling). The
procedure for measuring water levels may include the following:
1) Inspect the well head area for evidence of damage or disturbance. Record notable observations in the field logbook.
2) Carefully open the protective outer cover of the monitoring well noting the presence of bee hives and/or spiders, as these animals are frequently found
inside well covers. Remove any debris that has accumulated around the riser
near the well plug. If water is present above the top of the riser and well plug, remove the water prior to opening the well plug. Do not open the well until the water above the well head has been removed.
3) If practical, well plugs shall be left open for approximately five minutes to allow
the static water level to equilibrate before measuring the water level (if well plugs
are vented, then a waiting period is not applicable).
4) Using an electronic water-level indicator accurate to 0.01 feet, determine the distance between the established point of reference (usually a V-notch or indelible mark on the well riser) and the surface of the standing water present in
the well. Record these data in the field logbook. Repeat this measurement until
two successive readings agree to within 0.01 feet.
5) Using an electronic water-level indicator accurate to 0.01 feet, determine the distance between the established point of reference (usually a V-notch or indelible mark on the well riser) and the bottom of the well. Note that there
should not be considerable slack in the water-level indicator cable. Record
these data in the field logbook. Repeat this measurement until two successive readings agree to within 0.01 feet.
6) If the monitoring well has the potential to contain non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), probe the well for these materials using an optical interface probe.
These wells will be attempted to be identified by the Project Manager prior to
mobilizing to the well. If NAPL is present, consult the Project Manager for
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4
direction on collecting samples for analysis. In general, do not collect groundwater samples from monitoring wells containing NAPL.
7) Decontaminate the water-level indicator (and interface probe, if applicable)
and return the indicator to its clean protective casing.
3.3 Well Purging
Wells must be purged prior to sampling to ensure that representative groundwater is
obtained from the water-bearing unit. If the well has been previously sampled in
accordance with this sampling plan, then the depth to the pump intake and the pumping
rates should be duplicated to the extent possible during subsequent sampling events.

Section 3.3.1 provides a description of low-flow well purging, and Section 3.3.2 provides
a description of volume-averaging well purging (in the case it’s needed).

3.3.1 Low-Flow Well Purging
Adjustable-rate peristaltic, bladder and electric submersible pumps are preferred for use
during low-flow purging and sampling activities. Note that a ball valve (or similar valve
constructed of polyethylene or brass) may need to be installed to reduce the flow rate to
the required level. The low-flow purging and sampling guidance is provided below:
1) Using the specific details of well construction and current water-level measurement, determine the pump intake set depth (typically the approximate mid-point of the saturated well screen or other target sample collection depth adjacent to specific high-yield zones).
2) Attach tubing and supporting rope to the pump and very slowly lower the unit until
the pump intake depth is reached. Measure the length of supporting rope required, taking into account the pump length, to attain the required depth. Record the depth to the pump intake in the field logbook.
Notes: 1) Sampling shall use new certified-clean disposable tubing. 2) Rope shall be clean, unused, dedicated nylon rope. If a pump is to remain
in a well as part of a separate monitoring program, then the rope shall be suspended within the well above the water column for future use. If the pump is removed after sample collection, the rope shall be disposed.
3) After allowing time for the water level to equilibrate, slowly lower the electronic water-level probe into the well until the probe contacts the groundwater. Record
the water level in the field logbook.

4) If the well has been previously sampled using low-flow purging and sampling methods, begin purging at the rate known to induce minimal drawdown. Frequently check the drawdown rate to verify that minimum drawdown is being
maintained. If results from the previous sampling event are not known, begin
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5
purging the well at the minimum pumping rate of approximately 100 milliliters per minute (mL/min) (EPA, July 1996). Slowly increase the pumping rate to a level
that does not cause the well to drawdown more than about 0.3 feet, if possible.
Never increase the pumping rate to a level in excess of 500 mL/min (approximately 0.13 gallon per minute [gpm]). Record the stabilized flow rate, drawdown, and time on the field data sheets.
5) If the drawdown does not stabilize at 100 mL/min (0.026 gpm), continue pumping.
However, in general, do not draw down the water level more than approximately
25% of the distance between the static water level and pump intake depth (American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM], 2011). If the recharge rate of the well is lower than the minimum pumping rate, then collect samples at this point even though indicator field parameters have not stabilized (EPA, July 1996).
Commence sampling as soon as the water level has recovered sufficiently to
collect the required sample volumes. Allow the pump to remain undisturbed in the well during this recovery period to minimize the turbidity of the water samples. Fully document the pump settings, pumping rate, drawdown, and field parameter readings on the Well Sampling / MicroPurge (Low Flow) Log in the field logbook.
Note: For wells that either have very slow recharge rates, that draw down
excessively (more than 25% of the distance between the static water level and pump intake depth) at the minimum pumping rate (100 mL/min or 0.026 gpm), or require a higher pumping rate (greater than 500 mL/min or 0.13 gpm) to maintain purging, the procedures described above may not apply. For these “special case”
wells, the Field Team Leader shall seek guidance from the Project Manager about
the appropriate purging and sampling methodologies to be employed (such as volume-averaged purging and sampling described in Section 3.3.2).
6) Once an acceptable flow rate has been established, begin monitoring designated indicator field parameters. Indicator parameters are pH, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity. Although not considered purge stabilization parameters, temperature and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) will be recorded during purging. Base the frequency of the measurements on the time required to completely evacuate one volume of the flow through the cell to ensure that independent measurements are made. For example, a 500-mL cell in a
system pumped at a rate of 100 mL/min is evacuated in five minutes; accordingly, measurements are made and recorded on the field data form (Appendix C) approximately five minutes apart.
Indicator parameters have stabilized when three consecutive readings, taken at three to five-minute intervals, meet the following criteria (EPA, March
2013):
• pH ± 0.1 standard unit • Specific Conductance ± 5% in µS/cm • DO ± 0.2 mg/L or 10% saturation • Turbidity less than 10 NTUs
The target for monitoring turbidity is readings less than ten nephelometric
turbidity units (NTUs). In some instances, turbidity levels may exceed the
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desired turbidity level due to natural aquifer conditions (EPA, April 1996).
When these conditions are encountered, the following guidelines shall be
considered.
• If turbidity readings are slightly above 10 NTU, but trending downward,
purging and monitoring shall continue.
• If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTU and have stabilized to within 10% during three successive readings, attempt to contact the Project Manager prior to collecting the groundwater sample.
• If turbidity readings are greater than 10 NTU and are not stable, well sampling
shall be based upon stabilization of more critical indicator parameters (such as dissolved oxygen) without attainment of the targeted turbidity. Attempt to contact the Project Manger if this condition is encountered prior to collecting the groundwater sample.
• If after 5 well volumes or two hours of purging (whichever is achieved first),
critical indicator field parameters have not stabilized, discontinue purging and collect samples. Fully document efforts used to stabilize the parameters (such as modified pumping rates).
Note: While every effort should be taken to ensure that indicator parameters
stabilize, some indicator parameters are more critical with respect to certain
contaminant types. It is important to identify which indicator parameters are most
important to the project prior to commencement of field activities so that
unnecessarily protracted purge times can be avoided. For example, the critical
indicator parameter associated with metals is turbidity.
Note: If purging of a well does not result in turbidity measurements of 10 NTU or
less, the field sampler shall alert the Project Manager. The sampling team will
assess options to reduce the turbidity as soon as possible.
There are a variety of water-quality meters available that measure the water
quality parameters identified above. A multi-parameter meter capable of
measuring each of the water quality parameters referenced previously (except for
turbidity) in one flow-through cell is required. Turbidity shall be measured using
a separate turbidity meter or prior to flow into the flow through cell using an
inline T-valve, if using one multi-meter during purging. The water quality meter
(and turbidity meter) shall be calibrated as per manufacturer’s instructions.
Calibration procedures shall be documented in the project field logbook including
calibration solutions used, expiration date(s), lot numbers, and calibration results.

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3.3.2 Volume-Averaging Well Purging
For wells that either have very slow recharge rates, that draw down excessively at the
minimum pumping rate (100 mL/min or 0.026 gpm), or require a higher pumping rate
(greater than 500 mL/min or 0.13 gpm) to maintain purging (i.e., low-flow well purging
and sampling is not appropriate), the volume-averaging well purging and sampling
method may be used. The Field Team Leader shall seek approval from the Project
Manager before utilizing the volume-averaging method instead of the low-flow method.
3.3.2.1 CALCULATE PURGE VOLUMES
Based on the depth-to-water (DTW) and total depth (TD) measurements, the volume
of standing water in the well must be calculated using the following procedures.
1) Subtract DTW from TD to calculate the length of the standing water column (Lwc) in the well.
ܶܦ െ ܦܹܶ ൌ ܮ௪௖

2) Multiply the length of the standing water column by the volume calculation
(gallon per linear foot of depth) based on the inner casing diameter (see
example list below) to determine the total standing water volume; this represents one well volume.
ܸ௪ = ܮ௪௖ ൈ2ߨݎଶ

1-inch well = 0.041 gallon per linear foot
2-inch well = 0.163 gallon per linear foot
4-inch well = 0.653 gallon per linear foot
6-inch well = 1.469 gallons per linear foot
8-inch well = 2.611 gallons per linear foot
3) Multiply the well volume calculated in the previous step by three and five to obtain the approximate respective total purge volume (the target purge volume is between three and five standing well volumes). For wells with multiple casing
diameters (such as open bedrock holes), calculate the volume for each segment. Take the sum of the values and multiply by three and five to determine the minimum and maximum purge volumes, respectively.
4) Fully document the volume calculation in the field logbook or on the Groundwater Sampling Field Sheets.

3.3.2.2 PURGE THE MONITORING WELL
Determine the appropriate pump to be used for purging—the preferred and most
commonly used methods involve the use of a surface centrifugal or peristaltic pump
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8
whenever the head difference between the sampling location and the water level is less
than the limit of suction and the volume to be removed is reasonably small. Where the
water level is below the limit of suction or there is a large volume of water to be purged,
use the variable speed electric submersible pump as the pump of choice (EPA, 2013).
In some cases (shallow wells with small purge volumes), purging with a bladder pump
may be appropriate. Once the proper pump has been selected:
1) Set the pump immediately above the top of the well screen or approximately three
to five feet below the top of the water table (EPA, 2013).
2) Lower the pump if the water level drops during purging.
Note: Use new certified-clean disposable tubing for purging and sampling.
Note: Although volume-averaged sampling involves purging a specified volume of
water (such as three to five well volumes) rather than basing purge completion on
the stabilization of water quality indicator parameters, measuring and recording
water-quality indicator parameters during purging provides information that can be
used for assessment and remedial decision-making purposes. Indicator
parameters are pH, specific conductance, DO, and turbidity as described in
Section 3.3.1. Temperature and ORP will also be recorded during purging.
3) During well purging, monitor the discharge rate using a graduated cylinder or
other measuring device, water-quality indicator parameters (if desired), and DTW
as follows:
• Initially, within approximately three minutes of startup, • Approximately after each well volume is purged, and then • Before purge completion. 4) Record pump discharge rates (mL/ min or gpm) and pump settings in the field
logbook. Also, record any changes in the pump settings and the time at which
the changes were made.
5) Maintain low pumping rates to avoid overpumping or pumping the well to dryness,
if possible. If necessary, adjust pumping rates, pump set depth, or extend
pumping times to remove the desired volume of water.
6) Upon reaching the desired purge water volume, turn off the purge pump. Do not
allow the water contained in the pump tubing to drain back into the well when the
pump is turned off. Use an inline check valve or similar device, or if using a
peristaltic pump, remove the tubing from the well prior to turning off the pump. It is
preferred to collect samples within two hours of purging, but acceptable for
collection up to 24 hours of purging. Do not collect samples after 24 hours of
purging.

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Note: The removal of three to five well volumes may not be practical in wells
with slow recovery rates. If a well is pumped to near dryness at a rate less than
1.9 L/min (0.5 gpm), the well shall be allowed to completely recover prior to
sampling. If necessary, the two-hour limit may be exceeded to allow for sufficient
recovery, but samples should be collected within 24 hours of purge completion.

3.4 Sampling

3.4.1 Low-Flow Sampling
Following are the procedures for the collection of low-flow groundwater samples.
These procedures apply to sample collection for unfiltered and filtered samples
using a 0.45 micron filter. See Appendix A for use of 0.1 micron filtered samples.
1) Record the final pump settings in the field logbook prior to sample collection.
2) Measure and record the indicator parameter readings prior to sample collection on both the stabilization form and in the field logbook.
3) Record comments pertinent to the appearance (color, floc, turbid) and obvious odors (such as sulfur odor or petroleum hydrocarbons odor) associated with the
water.
4) Arrange and label necessary sample bottles and ensure that preservatives are added, as required. Include a unique sample number, time and date of sampling, the initials of the sampler, and the requested analysis on the label. Additionally, provide information pertinent to the preservation materials or chemicals used in
the sample.
5) Collect samples directly from pump tubing prior to the flow-through cell or via the in-line T-valve used for turbidity measurements (as described Section 3.3.1 (6) above). Ensure that the sampling tubing remains filled during sampling and attempt to prevent water from descending back into the well. Minimize turbulence
when filling sample containers, by allowing the liquid to run gently down the inside of the bottle. Fill the labeled sample bottles in the following order:
• Metals and Radionuclides, • Filtered Metals and Radionuclides, if required, and then • Other water-quality parameters.
6) Seal each sample and place the sample on ice in a cooler to maintain sample temperature preservation requirements.
7) Note the sample identification and sample collection time in field logbook and on Chain-of-Custody form.
8) Once sampling is complete, retrieve the sample pump and associated sampling
equipment and decontaminate in accordance with procedures outlined in the
Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A).
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9) Close and secure the well. Clean up and remove debris left from the sampling event. Be sure that investigation-derived wastes are properly containerized and
labeled, if applicable.
10) Review sampling records for completeness. Add additional notes as necessary.

3.4.2 Sampling after Volume-Averaging Purge
The procedures described below are for the collection of groundwater samples after a
volume-averaged purge has been conducted. Volume- averaging purge methods are
described in Section 3.3.2.
1) If sampling with a pump, care shall be taken to minimize purge water
descending back into the well through the pump tubing. Minimize turbulence when filling sample containers by allowing the liquid to run gently down the inside of the bottle. Fill the labeled sample bottles in the following order:
• Metals and Radionuclides,
• Filtered Metals and Radionuclides, if required, and then
• Other water-quality parameters.
2) If sampling with a bailer, slowly lower a clean, disposable bailer through the fluid surface. Retrieve the bailer and fill the sample bottles as described above. Care shall be taken to minimize disturbing the sample during collection.
3.5 Sample Handling, Packing, and Shipping
Samples shall be marked, labeled, packaged, and shipped in accordance with the sections outline below.
3.5.1 Handling
The samples will be stored in coolers for transport to the site. Collected samples will be placed on ice in the sampling coolers for pickup or transport to the laboratory for analysis.
3.5.2 Sample Labels
All sample containers will be new, laboratory cleaned and certified bottles. The bottles
will be properly labeled for identification and will include the following information:
• Project Site/ID
• Sample identifier (Well ID)
• Name or initials of sampler(s)
• Date and time of collection
• Analysis parameter(s)/method
• Preservative
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3.5.3 Chain-of-Custody Record
Sample transport and handling will be strictly controlled to prevent sample
contamination. Chain-of-Custody control for all samples will consist of the following:
• Sample containers will be securely placed in coolers (iced) and will remain under the supervision of project personnel until transfer of the samples to the laboratory for analysis has occurred.
• Upon delivery to the laboratory, the laboratory director or his designee will sign
the Chain-of-Custody control forms and formally receive the samples. The
laboratory will ensure that proper refrigeration of the samples is maintained.
The Chain-of-Custody document contains information which may include:
• Client name
• Client project name
• Client contact
• Client address
• Client phone/fax number
• Sampler(s) name and signature
• Signature of person involved in the chain of possession
• Inclusive dates of possession
• Sample identification
• Sample number
• Date & time of collection
• Matrix
• Type of container and preservative
• Number of containers
• Sample type - grab or composite
• Analysis parameter(s)/ method
• Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening in the laboratory
3.6 Field Quality Control Samples
Field quality control involves the routine collection and analysis of QC blanks to verify that
the sample collection and handling processes have not impaired the quality of the
samples.
• Equipment Blank – The equipment blank is a sample of deionized water, which is taken to the field and used as rinse water for sampling equipment. The
equipment blank is prepared like the actual samples and returned to the
laboratory for identical analysis. An equipment blank is used to determine if certain field sampling or cleaning procedures result in cross-contamination of site samples or if atmospheric contamination has occurred. One equipment blank
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sample will be prepared per day or per 20 groundwater samples, whichever is more frequent.
Field and laboratory QA/QC also involves the routine collection and analysis of
duplicate field samples. These samples are collected at a minimum rate of
approximately one per 20 groundwater samples per sample event. A field duplicate is a
replicate sample prepared at the sampling locations from equal portions of all sample
aliquots combined to make the sample. Both the field duplicate and the sample are
collected at the same time, in the same container type, preserved in the same way, and
analyzed by the same laboratory as a measure of sampling and analytical precision.
3.7 Field Logbook Documentation
Field logbooks shall be maintained by the Field Team Leader to record daily activities.
The field logbook may include the following information for each well:
• Well identification number
• Well depth
• Static water level depth
• Presence of immiscible layers (yes – no)
• Estimated well yield, if known
• Purge volume and purge pumping rate
• Time well purge began and ended
• Well evacuation procedure and equipment
• Field analysis data
• Climatic conditions including air temperature
• Field observations on sampling event
• Well location
• Name of collector(s)
• Date and time of sample collection
• Sampling procedure
• Sampling equipment
• Types of sample containers used and sample identification numbers
• Preservative used

The Field Team Leader shall review the field logbook entries for completeness and
accuracy. The Field Team Leader is responsible for completion of the required data
collection forms. Example field logs are in Appendix C.
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13
3.8 Decontamination and Waste Management
Sampling equipment decontamination shall be performed in a manner consistent with
the Decontamination of Equipment SOP (Appendix A). Decontamination procedures
shall be documented in the field logbook. Investigation-derived wastes produced
during sampling or decontamination shall be managed in accordance with State and
Station-specific rules for disposal of wastes.
4.0 REFERENCES
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard Practice for Low-Flow
Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality
Investigations, D 6771-02. 2011.
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste - Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846), Third
Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Update I, II, IIA, IIB, III, IIIA, IVA and IVB.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Ground Water Issue,
“Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown Sampling Procedures). Document Number EPA/540/S-
95/504,” April 1996.
U.S. EPA. Region 4, Groundwater Sampling Operating Procedure. Document Number SESDPROC-301-R3, November 2013.
U.S. EPA. Region I, Low Stress (Low Flow) Purging and Sampling Procedure for the
Collection of Ground Water Samples from Monitoring Wells, Revision 2, July 1996.
Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling PlarDecontamination of Equipment SOP

A
Decontamination of
Equipment SOP

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling Plar1.0 Purpose & Application

15
1.0 1.0 Purpose & Application
This procedure describes techniques meant to produce acceptable decontamination of
equipment used in field investigation and sampling activities. Variations from this SOP
should be approved by the Project Manager prior to implementation and a description of
the variance documented in the field logbook.
2.0 Equipment & Materials
• Decontamination water,
• Alconox detergent or equivalent non-phosphate detergent
• Test tube brush or equivalent
• 5-gallon bucket(s)
• Aluminum foil
• Pump
3.0 Procedure
3.1 Decontamination of Non-disposable Sampling Equipment
Decontamination of non-disposable sampling equipment used to collect samples for
chemical analyses will be conducted prior to each sampling as described below. Larger
items may be decontaminated at the decontamination pad. Smaller items may be
decontaminated over 5-gallon buckets. Wastewater will be disposed in accordance with
applicable State and Station-specific requirements.
1. Alconox detergent or equivalent and water will be used to scrub the equipment.
2. Equipment will be first rinsed with water and then rinsed with distilled/deionized
water.
3. Equipment will be air dried on plastic sheeting.
4. After drying, exposed ends of equipment will be wrapped or covered with
aluminum foil for transport and handling.
3.2 Decontamination of Field Instrumentation
Field instrumentation (such as interface probes, water quality meters, etc.) will be
decontaminated between sample locations by rinsing with deionized or distilled water. If
visible contamination still exists on the equipment after the rinse, an Alconox (or
equivalent) detergent scrub will be added and the probe thoroughly rinsed again.
Decontamination of probes and meters will take place in a 5-gallon bucket. The
decontamination water will be handled and disposed in accordance with applicable
State and Station-specific requirements.
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3.3 Decontamination of Groundwater Sampling Equipment
Non-disposable groundwater sampling equipment, including the pump, support cable
and electrical wires in contact with the sample will be thoroughly decontaminated as
described below:
1. As a pre-rinse, the pump will be operated in a deep basin containing 8 to 10
gallons of water. Other equipment will be flushed with water.
2. The pump will be washed by operating it in a deep basin containing phosphate-
free detergent solution, such as Alconox, and other equipment will be flushed
with a fresh detergent solution. Detergent will be used sparingly, as needed.
3. Afterwards, the pump will be rinsed by operating it in a deep basin of water and
other equipment will be flushed with water.
4. The pump will then be disassembled and washed in a deep basin containing
non-phosphate detergent solution. All pump parts will be scrubbed with a test
tube brush or equivalent.
5. Pump parts will be first rinsed with water and then rinsed with distilled/deionized
water.
6. For a bladder pump, the disposable bladder will be replaced with a new one for
each well and the pump reassembled.
7. The decontamination water will be disposed of properly.
3.4 Materials from Decontamination Activities
All wastewater and PPE generated from decontamination activities will be handled and
disposed in accordance with applicable State and Station-specific requirements.

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling PlarSampling Equipment Check List – Table 1

B
Sampling Equipment
Check List – Table 1

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling PlarSampling Equipment Check List – Table 1

Table 1: Suggested Groundwater Sampling Equipment & Material Checklist
Item Description Check
Health & Safety
Nitrile gloves
Hard hat
Steel-toed boots
Hearing protection
Field first-aid kit
Fire Extinguisher
Eyewash
Safety glasses
Respirator and cartridges (if necessary)
Saranex™/Tyvek® suits and booties (if necessary)
Paperwork
Health and Safety Plan
Project work control documents
Well construction data, location map, field data from previous sampling events
Chain-of-custody forms and custody seals
Field logbook
Measuring Equipment
Flow measurement supplies (for example, graduated cylinder and stop watch)
Electronic water-level indicator capable of detecting non-aqueous phase liquid
Sampling Equipment
GPS device
Monitoring well keys
Tools for well access (for example, socket set, wrench, screw driver, T-wrench)
Laboratory-supplied certified-clean bottles, preserved by laboratory (if necessary)
Appropriate trip blanks and high-quality blank water
Sample filtration device and filters
Submersible pump, peristaltic pump, or other appropriate pump
Appropriate sample and air line tubing (Silastic®, Teflon®, Tygon®, or equivalent)
Stainless steel clamps to attach sample lines to pump
Pump controller and power supply
Oil-less air compressor, air line leads, and end fittings (if using bladder pump)
In-line groundwater parameter monitoring device (for example, YSI-556 Multi-Parameter or Horiba U-52 water quality meter)
Turbidity meter
Bailer
Calibration standards for monitoring devices

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling PlarField Logbook/Data Sheets

C
Field Logbook/Data
Sheets

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling PlarField Logbook/Data Sheets

Groundwater Potentiometric Level Measurement Log

Well Number Time Depth to
Water
(ft)*
Depth to
Bottom
(ft)*
Water
Column
Thickness
(ft)
Reference
Point
Elevation
(ft, MSL)
Potentiometric
Elevation (ft,
MSL) Remarks

Field Personnel: Checked By:
* - Measurements are referenced from the top of the PVC inner casing (TOC) for each respective monitoring well. TOCs shall be surveyed by a Professional Land Surveyor and referenced to NAVD88.

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling PlarField Logbook/Data Sheets

Well Sampling / MicroPurge Log
Project Name: Sheet: of
Well Number: Date:
Well Diameter:
Top of Casing Elevation (ft, MSL): Pump Intake Depth (ft):
Total Well Depth (ft): Recharge Rate (sec):
Initial Depth to Water (ft): Discharge Rate (sec):
Water Column Thickness (ft): Controller Settings:
Water Column Elevation (ft, MSL): Purging Time Initiated:
1 Well Volume (gal): Purging Time Completed:
3 Well Volumes (gal): Total Gallons Purged:
WELL PURGING RECORD
Time Volume
Purged
(gallons)
Flow Rate
(mL/min)
Depth to
Water (ft)
Temperature
(°C)
pH
(s.u.)
Specific
Conductance
(mS/cm)
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/L)
ORP
(mV)
Turbidity
(NTU) Comments

Stabilization
Criteria
Min. 1 Well
Volume + 3°C + 0.1 + 3% + 10% + 10 mV
< 5 NTU or + 10
% if > 5 NTU

GROUNDWATER SAMPLING RECORD
Sample
Number
Collection
Time Parameter Container Preservative

Duke Energy | Low Flow Groundwater Sampling PlarField Logbook/Data Sheets

DAILY FIELD REPORT

Project Name:
Field Manager: Field Personnel: Date:
Weather:
Labor Hours Equipment Materials

Field Observations:

Submitted by: Reviewedby: