4204_Halifax_CDLF_MonitoringPlans_DIN26109_20160518

Water Quality Monitoring Plan

Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

Prepared for:

Halifax County Department of Public Utilities
Halifax, North Carolina

February 2016

© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.

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Halifax County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Table of Contents Page i
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

Water Quality Monitoring Plan

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 
1.1 Regulatory Requirements ......................................................................................... 1 
1.2 Guidance Documents ................................................................................................ 2 
1.3 Contact Information .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3.1 Owner ............................................................................................................ 2 
1.3.2 Engineer ........................................................................................................ 3 
1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ) ................ 3 
1.4 Existing Site Conditions ............................................................................................. 4 
1.4.1 Site Geology ................................................................................................... 4 
1.4.2 Site Hydrogeology ......................................................................................... 4 
1.5 Corrective Action Plan ............................................................................................... 4 
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................................................................... 7 
2.1 Monitoring Frequency ............................................................................................... 7 
2.2 Monitoring Network and Analytical Parameters ..................................................... 7 
2.2.1 Existing Network and Future Areas ............................................................. 7 
2.2.1.1 Closed MSW & Area 1 C&D Landfill Units ..................................... 7 
2.2.1.2 Ash Monofill .................................................................................... 7 
2.2.1.3 Area 2 C&D Landfill Unit (Future Area) ......................................... 8 
2.2.2 Proposed Monitoring Network ..................................................................... 8 
2.2.3 Analytical Parameters ................................................................................ 10 
2.3 Groundwater Sample Collection ............................................................................. 11 
2.3.1 Monitoring Conditions and Observations ................................................... 11 
2.3.2 Fuel Powered Equipment ........................................................................... 11 
2.3.3 Equipment Decontamination ...................................................................... 11 
2.3.4 Water Level Measurements ........................................................................ 12 
2.3.4.4 Static Water Levels ....................................................................... 12 
2.3.4.5 Contamination Prevention ............................................................ 13 
2.3.4.6 Equipment ..................................................................................... 13 
2.3.5 Monitoring Well Evacuations ...................................................................... 13 
2.3.5.1 Contamination Prevention ............................................................ 13 
2.3.5.2 Calculations .................................................................................. 13 
2.3.5.3 Well Purging ................................................................................. 14 
2.3.5.4 Purge Rate .................................................................................... 16 
2.3.5.5 Purge Water Disposal ................................................................... 16 
2.3.5.6 Non-Dedicated Equipment ........................................................... 16 
2.3.6 Sample Collection ....................................................................................... 17 

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February 2016 Table of Contents Page ii
2.3.6.1 Field Parameters .......................................................................... 17 
2.3.6.2 Sample Equipment ....................................................................... 17 
2.3.6.3 Purge Rate .................................................................................... 20 
2.3.6.4 Purge Water Disposal ................................................................... 20 
2.3.6.5 Non-Dedicated Equipment ........................................................... 20 
2.3.6.6 Sample Transference ................................................................... 20 
2.3.6.7 Sample Collection Order .............................................................. 20 
2.3.6.8 Decontamination .......................................................................... 21 
2.3.6.9 Sample Preservation .................................................................... 21 
2.3.6.10 Field Quality Assurance .............................................................. 21 
2.3.6.11 Sample Containers ..................................................................... 22 
2.4 Surface Water Sample Collection ........................................................................... 22 
2.4.1 Monitoring Conditions and Observations ................................................... 22 
2.4.2 Sampling Station Modifications .................................................................. 23 
2.4.3 Sample Collection ....................................................................................... 23 
2.4.3.1 Collection Procedure .................................................................... 23 
2.4.3.2 Field Parameters .......................................................................... 23 
2.4.3.3 Sample Collection Order .............................................................. 24 
2.4.3.4 Decontamination .......................................................................... 24 
2.4.3.5 Sample Preservation .................................................................... 24 
2.4.3.6 Sample Containers ....................................................................... 24 
2.5 Sediment Sample Collection ................................................................................... 25 
2.5.1 Monitoring Conditions and Observations ................................................... 25 
2.5.2 Sampling Station Modifications .................................................................. 25 
2.5.3 Sample Collection ....................................................................................... 25 
2.5.3.1 Collection Procedure .................................................................... 25 
2.5.3.2 Sample Collection Order .............................................................. 26 
2.5.3.3 Decontamination .......................................................................... 26 
2.5.3.4 Sample Preservation .................................................................... 26 
2.5.3.5 Sample Containers ....................................................................... 26 
3.0 FIELD QA/QC PROGRAM .......................................................................................... 27 
3.1 Blank Samples ........................................................................................................ 27 
3.1.1 Trip Blanks .................................................................................................. 27 
3.1.2 Equipment Blanks ....................................................................................... 27 
3.1.3 Field Blanks ................................................................................................. 27 
3.1.4 Blank Concentrations ................................................................................. 28 
3.1.5 Field Instruments ........................................................................................ 28 
4.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND SHIPMENT .............................................................. 29 
4.1 Sample Preservation ............................................................................................... 29 
4.2 Storage/Transport Conditions ................................................................................ 29 
4.3 Sample Delivery ....................................................................................................... 29 
4.4 Chain of Custody ...................................................................................................... 29 
5.0 LABORATORY ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 31 
5.1 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control ...................................................... 31 
5.2 Data Review ............................................................................................................. 31 
6.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING ....................................................................... 33 

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6.1 Field Logbook .......................................................................................................... 33 
6.2 Groundwater Flow Evaluation ................................................................................. 33 
6.3 Reporting ................................................................................................................. 34 
7.0 MONITORING PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS .............................................................. 35 
7.1 Plan Modifications and Updates ............................................................................. 35 
7.2 Well Abandonment/Rehabilitation .......................................................................... 35 
7.3 Additional Well Installations ................................................................................... 35 
7.4 Implementation Schedule ....................................................................................... 35 

TABLES
Table 1 Monitoring Well Construction Information
Table 2 Analytical Parameters
Table 3 MNA Sampling Schedule

FIGURE
Figure 1 Environmental Monitoring Locations

APPENDIX
Appendix A Environmental Monitoring Report Form

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Halifax County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Water Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) was prepared by Smith Gardner, Inc. to describe the
water quality monitoring program at the Halifax County Landfill Facility (NC Solid Waste Permit
42-04), which is located off of Liles Road near Littleton, North Carolina. This landfill facility
includes a closed unlined municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill, an active construction
demolition debris (C&D) landfill (Area 1) (vertical expansion of closed MSW landfill), and an
active lined monofill for coal combustion by-products. This plan also covers a proposed future
C&D landfill unit (Area 2) located to the east of Area 1. This plan describes the necessary
procedures to satisfy applicable regulatory requirements (see Section 1.1) and guidance
documents (see Section 1.2) for groundwater and surface water quality monitoring.
Additionally, sediment sampling for the Coal Ash Monofill is included as part of this WQMP.

The methods and procedures described in the WQMP are intended to facilitate the collection of
true and representative samples and test data. Field procedures are presented in Section 2.0
in their general order of implementation. Equipment requirements for each field task are
presented within the applicable section. Quality assurance/quality control methods, sample
preservation and shipment, laboratory procedures, and record keeping requirements are
presented in Sections 3.0 through 6.0. Section 7.0 addresses monitoring plan modifications
and schedule.

Strict adherence to the procedures stipulated in this plan is required. Any variations from
these procedures should be thoroughly documented and may require approval of the
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ), Division of Waste
Management (DWM) prior to implementation.

1.1 Regulatory Requirements
This WQMP specifies the procedures and methods to satisfy North Carolina Solid Waste
Management Rules 15A NCAC 13B.0544 (b) and (c) (C&D Landfills); 15A NCAC 13B.1631,
.1632, and .1633 (MSW Landfills); and .0602 (Surface Water Monitoring), which include
the following requirements for detection monitoring:

 Represent the quality of the background groundwater that has not been affected
by leakage from the unit. (.0544 (b)(1)(A) and .1631 (a)(1))

 Represent the quality of the groundwater passing the relevant point of
compliance as approved by the Division. (.0544 (b)(1)(B) and .1631 (a)(2))

 The groundwater monitoring programs must include consistent sampling and
analysis procedures that are designed to ensure monitoring results that provide
an accurate representation of groundwater quality at the background and down-
gradient wells. (.0544 (b)(1)(C) and .1632 (a))

 The monitoring programs must include sampling and analytical methods that are
appropriate for groundwater sampling and that accurately measure target

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constituents and other monitoring parameters in groundwater samples. (.0544
(b)(1)(D) and .1632 (b))

 The sampling procedures and frequency must be protective of human health and
the environment. (.0544 (b)(1)(E) and .1632 (c))

 Determine groundwater elevations. (.0544 (b)(1)(F) and (.1632 (d))

 Establish background quality data. (.0544 (b)(1)(G) and (.1632 (e))

 Any statistical analysis. 0.1632 (g) and (h)

 Detection groundwater monitoring program. (.0544 (b)(1)(D) and (.1633)

 Surface water monitoring plan. Responsibility of sample collection and analysis
must be defined as a part of the monitoring plan. (.0544 (c)(2)) and (.0602)

1.2 Guidance Documents
This plan was developed in general accordance with the following guidance documents
prepared by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ), Division
of Waste Management (DWM):

1. NC DEQ Guidance Document entitled ‘‘Groundwater, Surface Water, and Soil
Sampling for Landfills’’, April 2008.

2. NC DEQ Memo entitled "New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of
Environmental Monitoring Data", October 27, 2006.

3. NC DEQ Memo entitled ‘‘Addendum to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid
Waste Section Memorandum Regarding New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal
of Environmental Data’’, February 23, 2007.

4. NC DEQ Memo entitled ‘‘Environmental Monitoring Data for North Carolina Solid
Waste Management Facilities’’, October 16, 2007.

1.3 Contact Information
All correspondence and questions concerning this plan should be directed to the
appropriate contact below:

1.3.1 Owner
Halifax County Department of Public Utilities
26 N. King Street (Public Works Building)
P.O. Box 70

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February 2016 Page 3
Halifax, NC 27839
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Contacts: Greg Griffin, Director
[e-mail]

Halifax County Landfill Facility
921 Liles Road
Littleton, NC 27850
P.O. Box 70
Halifax, NC 27839
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Contact: Solid Waste Manager

1.3.2 Engineer
Smith Gardner, Inc.
14 N. Boylan Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]

Contacts: Joan A. Smyth, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist
[e-mail]
Pieter K. Scheer, P.E., Senior Engineer
[e-mail]

1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ)
Division of Waste Management (DWM) - Solid Waste Section:

North Carolina DEQ - Raleigh Central Office
217 W. Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
Phone: [phone]

Contact: Elizabeth Werner, Hydrogeologist
[e-mail]
[phone]

Mary Whaley, Waste Management Specialist
[e-mail]

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1.4 Existing Site Conditions
The facility is located approximately 12 miles south of Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina.
Area development is a mix of agriculture, woodlands, and rural residential.

The facility consists of approximately 241 acres owned by Halifax County. The permitted
facility is generally bounded on the north by Liles Road on the south by Brewer’s Creek
and to the east and west by other County-owned and private property. An unnamed
tributary to Brewer’s Creek runs through the center of the site and separates the closed
MSW/Area 1 C&D landfill unit (south side of tributary) from the ash monofill (north side
of tributary).

Ground surface elevations range from approximately El. 230 (feet above mean sea level)
along the unnamed tributary on the west end of the site to El. 370 at the current top of
the ash monofill. The facility location and existing site conditions are shown on Figure
1.

1.4.1 Site Geology
According to the 1985 North Carolina Geological Map and Ground Water in the
Halifax Area, North Carolina (Dept. of Conservation and Development Bulletin
#51, 1946) the landfill is situated on the eastern edge of the Eastern Piedmont
Physiographic Province; slightly west of the Coastal Plain overlap. Generally,
Western Halifax County is underlain by felsic to intermediate, crystalline igneous
and metamorphic rocks of early to late Paleozoic age. Eastern Piedmont rocks
generally exhibit a northeastern strike and locally dip gently eastward due to
regional metamorphism and folding that produced a broad plunging anticline.
The area was simultaneously intruded by a number of felsic (granite) plutons.
The granitic pluton underlying the landfill is the Butterwood Creek intrusion.

1.4.2 Site Hydrogeology
Groundwater depths generally range from near surface level in the lowland
areas along Brewer’s Creek and its tributary up to 45 ft. below grade along the
ridge east of the closed MSW landfill/Area 1 C&D landfill. Groundwater at the
site flows generally west toward Brewer’s Creek and its tributary. There are
minor seasonal variations in the flow pattern, but overall flow direction is
consistent.

1.5 Corrective Action Plan
An Assessment of Corrective Measures1 and Corrective Action Plan2 (CAP)were prepared
for the site in response to impacts detected in groundwater samples. The constituents

1 G. N. Richardson & Associates, Inc., Assessment of Corrective Measures Halifax County Landfill, August
31, 2007.

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of concern named in the CAP were benzene, methylene chloride, toluene,
tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene and vinyl chloride. Heptachlor and alpha BHC were
constituents of concern for MW-15R only. The CAP specified Monitored Natural
Attenuation (MNA) and limited landfill gas recovery on the upgradient side of the landfill
as the remedy for the site and required upgrade of an existing landfill gas vent trench to
include a solar flare, and additional groundwater monitoring parameters. The CAP was
approved3 by NCDENR on June 8th, 2009 and was implemented shortly thereafter.

A Corrective Action Evaluation Report4 (CAER) was prepared to evaluate the
effectiveness of the MNA remedial strategy in 2012. This evaluation indicated that the
remedial strategies prescribed in the CAP continued to be an effective at the site. The
CAER was approved5 by NCDENR in October 2012. Another CAER will be completed in
2017.

2 Richardson Smith Gardner, & Associates, Corrective Action Plan Halifax County Landfill, June 2008 with
revisions through May 2009.
3 NCDENR Letter to Richardson Smith Gardner & Associates, Inc. (DOC Id 7668) dated June 8th, 2009
4 Smith Gardner, Inc., Corrective Action Evaluation Report Halifax County Landfill, June 2012.
5 NCDENR letter to Smith Gardner, Inc., (DOC ID 17539) dated October 30, 2012.

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2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM
This section of the Water Quality Monitoring Plan addresses each aspect of the monitoring
program including monitoring frequency, monitoring network and analytical parameters, and
sample collection procedures.

2.1 Monitoring Frequency
At a minimum, the County will perform water quality monitoring on a semi-annual basis
through the stipulated post-closure period for the landfill. Specific monitoring locations
to be monitored on a less frequent basis are noted in the monitoring network schedules
in Section 2.2.

2.2 Monitoring Network and Analytical Parameters
2.2.1 Existing Network and Future Areas
2.2.1.1 Closed MSW & Area 1 C&D Landfill Units
Fourteen groundwater monitoring wells are included in the monitoring
network for the closed MSW and Area 1 C&D landfill units. Monitoring
well MW-1 (located along Liles Road near the facility entrance) serves as
the background monitoring location. Monitoring wells (MW-2A, MW-2AD,
MW-3AS, MW-3D, MW-6D, MW-7D, MW-15R, MW-16A, MW-17, MW-18S,
M-18D, G-13, and G-13D) are located either down or cross gradient to the
landfill footprint. Surface water is currently monitored at three surface
water sampling points (SW-1, SW-2 and SW-3) located either down or
cross gradient of the landfill footprint. It should be noted that G-13 and
G-13d are monitored annually as ‘‘sentinel wells’’.

2.2.1.2 Ash Monofill
Six groundwater monitoring wells are included in the monitoring network
for the ash monofill. Monitoring well MW-8 serves as the up-gradient and
background monitoring location. Monitoring wells MW-9, MW-10, MW-
11, MW-12, and MW-17 are located either down or cross gradient to the
monofill footprint. Surface water is currently monitored at existing
location SW-3, located downstream of the monofill footprint.

In addition to groundwater and surface water monitoring, sampling of
discharge from the ash monofill internal stormwater basin is also
performed and two sediment samples are collected from the unnamed
tributary of Brewer’s Creek (SS-1 and SS-2).

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2.2.1.3 Area 2 C&D Landfill Unit (Future Area)
Three groundwater monitoring wells are proposed for installation upon
construction of the Area 2 C&D landfill unit. Monitoring well CDMW-1
serves as the up-gradient monitoring location, while monitoring wells
CDMW-2 and CDMW-3 will be down-gradient of the Area 2 footprint.
Surface water will be monitored by the addition of one upstream
sampling location (CDSW-1). The existing surface water location (SW-3)
located downstream of Area 2 will serve as the downstream monitoring
location.

2.2.2 Proposed Monitoring Network
Due to the future addition of C&D Area 2, and data from the existing network, we
propose the following changes:
 Addition of three groundwater monitoring wells and one surface water
monitoring location for the future C&D Area 2;
 Removal of G-13d from the monitoring network. This well, along with G-
13, is included in the network as a ‘‘sentinel well’’ across the unnamed
tributary of Brewer’s Creek from monitoring well MW-6d. Historical
analysis of MW-6d indicates only very low concentrations of benzene
(generally between 1 and 2.5 parts per billion) since 2007. Due to this low
concentration, the presence of the tributary, and the inclusion of well G-
13 in the monitoring network, we believe G-13d is redundant and
unnecessary.

No changes are proposed for the Ash Monofill landfill monitoring network.

Existing and proposed monitoring locations and analytical parameters are
summarized in the monitoring network below. Monitoring locations are shown
on Figure 1. Refer to Tables 1 and 2 for monitoring well completion information
and analytical parameters, respectively.

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MSW & C&D Landfill Proposed Monitoring Network

Monitoring
Location1 Relative Location Analytical Parameters2
Existing Monitoring Locations:
MW-1 Crossgradient (Background) Appendix I; FP
MW-2A Downgradient Appendix II; FP; MNA
MW-2AD Downgradient Appendix II; FP; MNA
MW-3AS Downgradient Appendix II; FP; MNA
MW-3D Downgradient Appendix II; FP; MNA
MW-6D Downgradient Appendix II; FP; MNA
MW-7D Downgradient Appendix II; FP
MW-15R Upgradient Appendix II; FP
MW-16A Upgradient Appendix II; FP
MW-17 Downgradient Appendix II; FP; MNA
MW-18S Downgradient Appendix II; FP; MNA
MW-18D Downgradient Appendix II; FP; MNA
(Monitored Annually)
G-13 Downgradient Appendix I; FP; MNA
(Monitored Annually)
SW-1 Crossgradient Appendix I; FP
SW-2 Downgradient Appendix I; FP
SW-3 Crossgradient (MSW/C&D)
Downgradient (Ash Monofill) Appendix I; FP
Proposed Monitoring Locations (Upon Construction of Area 2):
CDMW-1 Upgradient Appendix I; C&D, THF, FP
CDMW-2 Downgradient Appendix I; C&D, THF, FP
CDMW-3 Downgradient Appendix I; C&D, THF, FP
CDSW-1 Crossgradient Appendix I; C&D, THF, FP
Notes:
1. MW (or G) = Monitoring Well; SW = Surface Water.
2. Appendix I (40 CFR 258, Appendix I); Appendix II (40 CFR 258, Appendix II); FP (Field
Parameters); MNA (Monotored Natural Attenuation --- See Table 3) THF
(Tetrahydrofuran).
3. C&D parameters include: alkalinity, sulfate, nitrate, chloride, manganese, iron, TDS, &
mercury

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Ash Monofill Proposed Monitoring Network

Monitoring
Location1 Relative Location Analytical Parameters2
Existing Monitoring Locations:
MW-8 Upgradient (Background) Appendix I; Ash; FP
MW-9 Downgradient Appendix I; Ash; FP
MW-10 Downgradient Appendix I; Ash; FP
MW-11 Downgradient Appendix I; Ash; FP
MW-12 Crossgradient Appendix I; Ash; FP
MW-17 Downgradient Appendix I; Ash; FP
SW-3 Crossgradient (MSW/C&D)
Downgradient (Ash Monofill) Appendix I; Ash; FP
Internal
Stormwater Basin
Discharge
Downgradient Appendix I; Ash; FP
Sediment 1 (SS-1) Downgradient of Monofill
Upstream of Basin Discharge
TCLP
(Metals and Mercury)
Sediment 2 (SS-2) Downgradient of Monofill
Downstream of Basin Discharge
TCLP
(Metals and Mercury)
Notes:
1. MW = Monitoring Well; SW = Surface Water.
2. Appendix I (40 CFR 258, Appendix I); Appendix II (40 CFR 258, Appendix II); FP (Field
Parameters); Ash (Additional Ash-Related Parameters = Mercury, Total Organic Carbon,
Chloride, and Sufate); TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure).

2.2.3 Analytical Parameters
Groundwater and surface water samples will be analyzed for Appendix I or
Appendix II volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metals plus any additional
paramenters as noted in the monitoring network schedules in Section 2.2.
Additionally, groundwater and surface water samples will be analyzed for the
following field parameters:

 Temperature;
 pH;
 Specific Conductivity; and
 Turbidity.

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2.3 Groundwater Sample Collection
This section presents details of the procedures and equipment required to perform
groundwater field measurements and sampling from monitoring wells during each
monitoring event. Where possible, sampling will proceed from the upgradient
(background) wells to downgradient (compliance) wells or, when data is available,
from least to most contaminated.

2.3.1 Monitoring Conditions and Observations
The following measurements will be recorded in a dedicated field logbook prior
to sample collection:

 Depth to static water level and well bottom (to the nearest 0.01 foot);
 Water column height in the riser (based on measured well depth);
 Condition of monitoring well (well locks, steel casing, concrete pad, etc.);
and

 Monitoring location conditions, including access and surroundings.

Report to the Solid Waste Manager any observed maintenance or access issues
observed.

Documentation of all field activities will be in accordance with Section 6.1.

2.3.2 Fuel Powered Equipment
Fuel-powered equipment, such as generators or compressors for pumps, must
be situated away and downwind from sampling activities. If field conditions
prevent such placement, then the fuel source must be placed as far away as
possible from the sampling activities. Sampling conditions must be described in
detail in the field notes.

If fuel must be handled, it should be done the day before sampling. Effort should
be made to avoid handling fuels on the day of sampling. If fuels must be
dispensed during sampling activities, dispense fuel downwind and well away
from any sampling locations. Wear gloves while working with fuel and dispose of
the gloves away from sampling activities. Wash hands thoroughly after handling
any fuels.

2.3.3 Equipment Decontamination
Non-dedicated equipment that may come in contact with the well casing and
water will be decontaminated between wells. The procedure for
decontaminating non-dedicated equipment is as follows:

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1. Don new powder-free gloves.

2. Clean item with tap water and phosphate-free laboratory detergent
(Liqui-Nox or equivalent) using a brush if necessary to remove particulate
matter and surface films.

3. Rinse thoroughly with pesticide grade isopropanol and allow to air dry.

4. Rinse with organic-free water (Milli-Q water or other ultra-pure water)
and allow to air dry.

5. Wrap with commercial-grade aluminum foil, if necessary, to prevent
equipment contamination during storage or transport.

Liqui-Nox detergent solutions should be stored in a clearly marked High-Density
Polyethylene (HDPE) or Polypropylene (PP) container. Containers for pesticide-
grade isopropanol will be made of inert materials such as Teflon, stainless steel,
or glass.

Using dedicated sampling equipment or new disposable Teflon bailers at each
well should minimize the need for decontamination in the field. Unclean
equipment will be segregated from clean equipment during field activities. Clean
equipment will remain in the manufacturer's packaging until use, or will be
wrapped in commercial-grade aluminum foil or untreated butcher paper.

2.3.4 Water Level Measurements
2.3.4.4 Static Water Levels
Static water level and depth to the well bottom will be measured in each
well prior to purging or sampling activities. Static water level and well
depth measurements are necessary to calculate the static water volume
in the well prior to purging. Additionally, these measurements provide a
field check on well integrity, degree of siltation, and are used to prepare
potentiometric maps, calculate aquifer flow velocities, and monitor
changes in site hydrogeologic conditions.

Groundwater depths will be measured to a vertical accuracy of 0.01 feet
relative to established wellhead elevations. Each well will have a
permanent, easily identified reference point, established by a Registered
Land Surveyor on the well riser lip from where measurements will be
gauged.

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2.3.4.5 Contamination Prevention
New, powder-free, surgical gloves will be donned for each sampling
location. Appropriate measures will be implemented during measurement
activities to minimize the potential for soils, decontamination supplies,
precipitation, and other potential contaminants from entering the well or
contacting clean equipment.

2.3.4.6 Equipment
An electronic water level indicator, constructed of inert materials, such
as stainless steel and Teflon, will be used to measure depth to
groundwater in each well and/or piezometer. Between each well, the
device will be thoroughly decontaminated by washing with non-
phosphate (Liqui-Nox) soap and rinsing with organic-free water to
prevent cross contamination from one well to another.

2.3.5 Monitoring Well Evacuations
Water accumulated in each well may be stagnant and unrepresentative of
surrounding aquifer conditions. Therefore, this water must be removed to insure
that fresh formation water is sampled. Following static water level
measurement the standing water in the well casing will be purged. Monitoring
well evacuation should be performed in up-gradient wells first systematically
moving to down-gradient well locations.

2.3.5.1 Contamination Prevention
New, powder-free, surgical gloves will be donned for well purging and
sampling activities and whenever handling decontaminated field
equipment. Appropriate procedures during measurement, purging, and
sampling activities will be used to minimize the potential for surface soils,
decontaminated supplies, precipitation, and/or other potential
contaminants from entering the well or contacting cleaned equipment.

2.3.5.2 Calculations
The standing water volume in the well riser and screen will be calculated
immediately before well evacuation during each monitoring event if
standard purging techniques are utilized. A standing water volume will
be calculated for each well using measured static water level, well depth,
and well casing diameter according to the following equation:

V= ሺTD-SWLሻC

where: V = one well volume (gallons)

Halifax County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 14
TD = total well depth (feet)
SWL = static water level (feet)
C = volume constant for given well diameter
(gallons/ft)
C = 0.163 gallons/ft for two-inch wells
C = 0.653 gallons/ft for four-inch wells

2.3.5.3 Well Purging
Equipment
Several options for well purging may be used at this site including:

 Disposable Bailers;
 Low Flow Pumps; and
 Grundfos Redi-Flo Pumps.

Disposable Bailers: Where bailers are used, new, disposable bailers
with either double or bottom check-valves will be used to purge each
well. Disposable purge bailers will be constructed of fluorocarbon resin
(Teflon) or inert plastic suitable for the well and ground conditions. Each
bailer will be factory-cleaned and remain sealed in a plastic sleeve until
use. A new Teflon-coated stainless steel, inert mono-filament line or
nylon cord will be used for each well to retrieve the bailers. Where
bailers are used, a minimum of three well volumes will be purged unless
the well runs dry.

Low Flow Pumps: Monitoring wells may be purged and sampled using
the low-flow sampling method in accordance with DWM guidance
(’’Groundwater, Surface Water, and Soil Sampling for Landfills’’ (NCDEQ,
2008) (See Section 1.2)).

Grundfos Redi-Flo Pumps: Where Redi-Flo pumps are used, the same
low flow techniques for sampling will be used. See above for a
purging/sampling technique summary.

Technique
Depth-to-water measurements will be obtained using an electronic water
level indicator capable of recording the depth to an accuracy of 0.01 foot
(see Section 2.3.4). A determination of whether or not the water table is
located within the screened interval of the well will be made. If the water
table is not within the screened interval, the amount of drawdown that
can be achieved before the screen is intersected will be calculated. If the
water table is within the screened interval, total drawdown should not
exceed 1 foot to minimize the aeration and turbidity. If the water table is
above the screened interval, the drawdown amount should be minimized
to keep the screen from being exposed.

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If the purging equipment is non-dedicated, the equipment will be lowered
into the well, taking care to minimize the water column disturbance. If
conditions (i.e., water column height and well yield) allow, the pump will
be placed in the uppermost portion of the water column (minimum of 18
inches of pump submergence is recommended).

The minimum volume/time period for obtaining independent Water
Quality Parameter Measurements (WQPM) will be determined based on
the stabilized flow rate and the volume in the pump and the discharge
tubing. The bladder pump volume should be obtained from the
manufacturer. Alternately, if a continuous read flow-cell is used, it can
indicate when WQPM should be obtained, as long as the purged volume is
equal to or greater than the calculated volume. Discharge tubing
volumes are as follows:

3/8-inch inside diameter tubing: 20 milliliters per foot
1/4-inch inside diameter tubing: 10 milliliters per foot
3/16-inch inside diameter tubing: 5 milliliters per foot

Begin the well purge following calculations to determine the volume of
the flow-cell or the pump and the discharge tubing. The flow rate should
be based on historical data for each individual well (if available) and
should not exceed 500 milliliters per minute. The initial round of WQPM
should be recorded and the flow rate adjusted until drawdown in the well
stabilizes. Water levels should be measured periodically to maintain a
stabilized water level. The water level should not fall within one foot of
the top of the well screen. If the purge rate has been reduced to 100
milliliters or less and the head level in the well continues to decline, the
required water samples should be collected following WQPM
stabilization, based on the criteria presented below.

If neither the head level nor the WQPM stabilize, a passive sample should
be collected. Passive sampling is defined as sampling before WQMP have
stabilized if the well yield is low enough that the well will purge dry at the
lowest possible purge rate (generally 100 milliliters per minute or less).

WQPM stabilization is defined as: pH (+/- 0.2 S.U.), conductance (+/- 5%
of reading), temperature (+/- 10% of reading or 0.2oC), and dissolved
oxygen (DO) [+/- 20% of reading or 0.2 mg/L (whichever is greater)].
Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) will be measured and ideally should
also fall within +/- 10mV of reading; however, this is not a required
parameter. At a minimum, turbidity measurements should also be
recorded at the beginning of purging, following WQPM stabilization, and
following sample collection. The optimal turbidity range for micropurging
is 25 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) or less. Turbidity
measurements above 25 NTU are generally indicative of an excessive

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purge rate or natural conditions related to excessive fines in the aquifer
matrix.

WQPM stabilization should occur in most wells within five to six rounds of
measurements. If stabilization does not occur following the removal of a
purge volume equal to three well volumes, a passive sample will be
collected.

The direct-reading equipment used at each well will be calibrated in the
field according to the manufacturer’s specifications prior to each day’s
use and checked, at a minimum, at the end of each sampling day.
Calibration information should be documented in the instrument’s
calibration logbook and field logbook/notes.

Each well is to be sampled immediately following WQPM stabilization.
The sampling flow rate must be maintained at a rate less than or equal to
the purging rate. For volatile organic compounds, lower sampling rates
(100 - 200 milliliters/minute) should be used. Final field parameter
readings should be recorded prior to and after sampling.

2.3.5.4 Purge Rate
Wells will be purged at a rate that will not cause recharge water to be
excessively agitated or cascade through the screen. Care will be taken to
minimize disturbance to the well sidewalls and bottom that could result
in the silt and fine particulate matter becoming suspended. The purged
water volume from each well and the relative recharge rate will be
documented in sampling field notes/book. Wells which have very low
recharge rates will be purged once until dry. Damaged, dry, or low
yielding and high turbidity wells will be documented for reconsideration
before the next sampling event.

2.3.5.5 Purge Water Disposal
Purge water will be managed to prevent possible soil and surface water
contamination. Well site management options may include temporary
containment and disposal as leachate or portable activated carbon
filtration if warranted by field characteristics.

2.3.5.6 Non-Dedicated Equipment
Durable, non-dedicated equipment lowered into the well or that may
come in contact with the water samples, will be disassembled to the
degree practical and decontaminated before each use. Equipment
decontamination procedures are described in Section 2.3.3.

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2.3.6 Sample Collection
After purging, groundwater samples will be collected for laboratory analysis. As
much as practical, samples should be collected from least contaminated
location(s) first, followed by locations of increasing contamination across the
site. Prior to sample collection, sample labels should be properly filled-out with
permanent ink (such as Sharpie Pen). At a minimum, the label should identify
the sample with the following information:

 Site Name;
 Sample Location or Well Number;
 Date and Time of Collection;
 Analysis Required;
 Sampler's Initials;
 Preservative Used (if any); and
 Other Pertinent Information, as Necessary.

Completed sample labels should be affixed to the sample bottle prior to
sampling.

Sampling will occur within 24-hours of well purging and as soon after well
recovery as possible. Wells which fail to recharge or produce an adequate
sample volume within 24 hours of purging will not be sampled.

2.3.6.1 Field Parameters
Field measurements to determine temperature, pH, and specific
conductivity will be recorded immediately prior to sampling each
monitoring location. Turbidity measurements may be collected for
metals evaluation. The field test specimens will be collected with the
sampling bailer and placed in a clean, non-conductive glass or plastic
container for observation. Temperature, pH, conductivity, and turbidity
meter calibration will be performed according to the manufacturers'
specifications and consistent with Test Methods for Evaluating Solid
Waste -Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846). A pocket thermometer and
litmus paper will be available in case of meter malfunction.

2.3.6.2 Sample Equipment
Several options for sample collection are available for this site including:

 Disposable Bailers;
 Low Flow Pumps; and
 Grundfos Redi-Flo Pumps.

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These are each discussed in greater detail below.

Bailers -- Where bailers are used, new, disposable bailers with either
double or bottom check-valves will be used to purge each well.
Disposable purge bailers will be constructed of fluorocarbon resin
(Teflon) or inert plastic suitable for the well and ground conditions. Each
bailer will be factory-clean and remain sealed in a plastic sleeve until
use. A new Teflon-coated stainless steel, inert mono-filament line or
nylon cord will be used for each well to retrieve the bailers. Where
bailers are used, a minimum of three well volumes will be purged unless
the well runs dry.

Low Flow Pumps -- Monitoring wells may be purged and sampled using
the low-flow sampling method in accordance with the Solid Waste Section
Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling (NCDENR,
2008).

Depth-to-water measurements will be obtained using an electronic water
level indicator capable of recording the depth to an accuracy of
0.01 foot. A determination of whether or not the water table is located
within the screened interval of the well will be made. If the water table is
not within the screened interval, the drawdown amount that can be
achieved before the screen is intersected will be calculated. If the water
table is within the screened interval, total drawdown should not exceed
1 foot to minimize the amount of aeration and turbidity. If the water table
is above the top of the screened interval, the drawdown amount should be
minimized to keep the screen from being exposed.

If the purging equipment is non-dedicated, the equipment will be lowered
into the well, using care to minimize the disturbance to the water
column. If conditions (i.e., water column height and well yield) allow, the
pump will be placed in the uppermost portion of the water column
(minimum of 18 inches of pump submergence is recommended).

The minimum volume/time period for obtaining independent Water
Quality Parameter Measurements (WQPM) will be determined. The
minimum volume/time period is determined based on the stabilized flow
rate and the amount of volume in the pump and the discharge tubing
(alternatively, the volume of a direct read flow-cell can be used, provided
it is greater than the calculated volume of the pump and discharge
tubing). The bladder pump volume should be obtained from the
manufacturer. Volume from the discharge tubing is as follows:

3/8-inch inside diameter tubing: 20 milliliters per foot
1/4-inch inside diameter tubing: 10 milliliters per foot
3/16-inch inside diameter tubing: 5 milliliters per foot

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Once the flow-cell or the pump and discharge tubing volume has been
calculated, the well purge will begin. The flow rate should be based on
historical data for that well (if available) and should not exceed
500 milliliters per minute. The initial WQPM should be recorded and the
flow rate adjusted until drawdown in the well stabilizes. Water levels
should be measured periodically to ensure a stabilized water level is
maintained. The water level should not fall within 1 foot of the top of the
well screen. If the purge rate has been reduced to 100 milliliters or less
and the head level in the well continues to decline, the required water
samples should be collected following stabilization of the WQPM, based
on the criteria presented below.

If neither the head level nor the WQPM stabilize, a passive sample should
be collected. Passive sampling is defined as sampling before WQMP have
stabilized if the well yield is low enough that the well will purge dry at the
lowest possible purge rate (generally 100 milliliters per minute or less).

WQPM stabilization is defined as follows: pH (+/- 0.2 S.U.), conductance
(+/- 5% of reading), temperature (+/- 10% of reading or 0.2oC), and
dissolved oxygen (DO) [+/- 20% of reading or 0.2 mg/L (whichever is
greater)]. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) will be measured and
ideally should also fall within +/- 10mV of reading; however, this is not a
required parameter. At a minimum, turbidity measurements should also
be recorded at the beginning of purging, following the stabilization of the
WQPM, and following samplecollection. The optimal turbidity range for
micropurging is 25 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) or less. Turbidity
measurements above 25 NTU are generally indicative of an excessive
purge rate or natural conditions related to excessive fines in the aquifer
matrix.

WQPM stabilization should occur in most wells within five to six rounds of
measurements. If stabilization does not occur following the removal of a
purge volume equal to three well volumes, a passive sample will be
collected.

The direct-reading equipment used at each well will be calibrated in the
field according to the manufacturer’s specifications prior to each day’s
use and checked at a minimum at the end of each sampling
day. Calibration information should be documented in the instrument’s
calibration logbook and the field book.

Each well is to be sampled immediately following stabilization of the
WQPM. The sampling flow rate must be maintained at a rate that is less
than or equal to the purging rate. For volatile organic compounds, lower
sampling rates (100 - 200 milliliters/minute) should be used. Final field
parameter readings should be recorded prior to and after sampling.

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Grundfos Redi-Flo Pumps -- Where Redi-Flo pumps are used, the same
low flow techniques for sampling will be used. Please see above for
detailed summary of purging/sampling techniques.

2.3.6.3 Purge Rate
Wells will be purged at a rate that will not cause recharge water to be
excessively agitated or cascade through the screen. Care to minimize
disturbance to the well sidewalls and bottom, which could result in silt
and fine particulate matter suspension. The water volume purged from
each well, and the relative recharge rate will be documented in sampling
field notes. Wells which have very low recharge rates will be purged once
until dry. Damaged, dry, or low yielding and high turbidity wells will be
documented for reconsideration before the next sampling event.

2.3.6.4 Purge Water Disposal
Purge water will be managed to prevent possible soil and surface water
contamination. Well site management options may include temporary
containment and disposal as leachate or portable activated carbon
filtration if warranted by field characteristics.

2.3.6.5 Non-Dedicated Equipment
Durable, non-dedicated equipment that is lowered into the well or which
may come in contact with the water samples will be thoroughly
decontaminated before each use. Equipment will be disassembled to the
degree practical, washed with (non-phosphate) soapy potable tap water,
and triple rinsed using de-ionized water. Detailed equipment
decontamination procedures are detailed in Section 2.3.3.

2.3.6.6 Sample Transference
Samples will be transferred directly from the disposable bailer or pump
discharge tubing into a sample container that has been specifically
prepared for the preservation and storage of compatible parameters. A
bottom emptying device provided will be used to transfer samples from
bailer to sample container. The generation air bubbles and sample
agitation will be minimized during bailer discharge.

2.3.6.7 Sample Collection Order
Groundwater samples will be collected in the order of volatilization
sensitivity. When collected, the following sampling order will be
observed:

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 Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics;
 Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate
Organics, and Oil and Grease;
 Total Metals;
 Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and
Biologicals;
 Microbiological; and
 Other Parameters (as applicable).

Note: If the pump used to collect groundwater samples is not suitable to
collect volatile or extractable organics then collect other parameters and
withdraw the pump and tubing, then collect the volatile and extractable
organics.

Samples will be collected and analyzed in an unfiltered state. Dissolved
metal analysis samples, if subsequently required, will be prepared by
field filtration using a decontaminated peristaltic pump and a disposable
0.45 micron filter cartridge specifically manufactured for this purpose.

2.3.6.8 Decontamination
Reusable sampling equipment including water level probes, water quality
meters, interface probes, and filtering pumps which might contact aquifer
water or samples will be thoroughly decontaminated between wells by
washing with non-phosphate soapy, organic free water (Milli-Q or
equivalent) and rinsing with isopropanol and organic-free water.
Equipment decontamination procedures are detailed in Section 2.3.3.

2.3.6.9 Sample Preservation
Following sampling at each location, the sample bottles will be placed in
a cooler with ice for preservation.

2.3.6.10 Field Quality Assurance
Blank samples will be prepared, handled, and analyzed as groundwater
samples to ensure cross-contamination has not occurred. One set of trip
blanks, as described in Section 3.1.1, will be prepared before leaving the
laboratory to ensure that the sample containers or handling processes
have not affected the sample quality. One set of equipment blanks will be
created in the field at the time of sampling to ensure that the field
conditions, equipment, and handling during sampling collection have not
affected the sample quality. Equipment blanks are discussed in Section
3.1.2. A duplicate groundwater sample may be collected from a single
well as a laboratory accuracy check. Blanks and duplicate containers,

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preservatives, handling, and transport procedures for surface water
samples will be identical to those described for groundwater samples.

2.3.6.11 Sample Containers
Sample containers will be provided by the laboratory for each sampling
event. Containers must be either new, factory-certified analytically clean
by the manufacturer, or cleaned by the laboratory prior to shipment for
sampling. Laboratory cleaning methods will be based on the bottle type
and analyte of interest. Metal containers are thoroughly washed with
non-phosphate detergent and tap water and rinsed with (1:1) nitric acid,
tap water, (1:1) hydrochloric acid, tap water, and non-organic water, in
that order. Organic sample containers are thoroughly washed with non-
phosphate detergent in hot water and rinsed with tap water, distilled
water, acetone, and pesticide quality hexane, in that order. Other sample
containers are thoroughly washed with non-phosphate detergent and tap
water, and rinsed with tap water and non-organic water. The laboratory
will provide proper preservatives in the sample containers prior to
shipment (see Section 4.0).

2.4 Surface Water Sample Collection
This section presents the procedures and equipment required to perform surface water
field measurements and sampling from springs, streams, and ponds during each
monitoring event.

2.4.1 Monitoring Conditions and Observations
Surface water quality analyses are particularly sensitive to site hydrologic
conditions and recent precipitation events. Water levels may fluctuate
significantly in comparison the groundwater table and may result in either
diluting or increasing contaminant loadings. Sampling event scheduling and the
interpreted surface water data should account for recent weather and sampling
station conditions.

Surface water level and sampling station conditions should be recorded during
each sampling event. Surface water observations will include the flood stage in
streams, seasonal base flow conditions and confirm location and timing for
meaningful surface water quality sampling. The following objective observations
will be recorded in a dedicated field logbook prior to sample collection:

 Relative stream water level;
 Surface water clarity; and
 Monitoring location conditions, including access and surroundings.

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Report to the Solid Waste Manager any observed maintenance or access issues
observed.

2.4.2 Sampling Station Modifications
Modifications to surface water sampling station conditions may be required prior
to each sampling event. These modifications may include surface and submerged
debris removal, slightly deepening the station to allow sample container
immersion, or channeling/piping to consolidate local discharge. When
modifications are necessary, sufficient time will be allowed for settlement of
suspended solids between the disturbance and sample collection. A minimum
four hour settling period will be observed.

2.4.3 Sample Collection
2.4.3.1 Collection Procedure
Surface water samples will be obtained from locations with minimal
turbulence and aeration. For stream sampling locations, samples will be
collected if flowing water is observed during the sampling event. For
pond sampling locations, water flow is not necessary. New, powder-free,
surgical gloves will be donned prior to sample collection. The following
procedure will be followed when conducting surface water sampling:

1. Put on new, powder-free, surgical gloves.

2. Hold the bottle by the bottom with one hand and remove the cap
with the other.

3. Push the sample container slowly into the water with the mouth
tilted up toward the current to fill. A water depth of six inches is
generally satisfactory. Breaching the surface or losing sample
preservatives while filling the container will be avoided.

4. If there is little current movement, the container should be moved
slowly, in a lateral, side to side direction, with the container mouth
pointing upstream.

2.4.3.2 Field Parameters
Temperature, pH, specific conductivity, and turbidity will be measured
prior to sampling to assess field conditions and check the water sample
stability over time. Temperature, pH, specific conductivity, and turbidity
measurements will be recorded for surface water samples.
Temperature, pH, conductivity and turbidity meters will be calibrated at
the beginning of each sampling event, according to the manufacturers'

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specifications and consistent with Test Methods for Evaluating Solid
Waste - Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846).

2.4.3.3 Sample Collection Order
Surface water samples will be collected in the order of parameter
volatilization sensitivity. The following order will be observed:

 Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics;
 Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate
Organics, and Oil and Grease;
 Total Metals;
 Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and
Biologicals;
 Microbiological; and
 Other Parameters (as applicable).

Samples will be collected and analyzed in an unfiltered state. Dissolved
metal analysis samples, if subsequently required, will be prepared by
field filtration using a decontaminated peristaltic pump and a disposable
0.45 micron filter cartridge specifically manufactured for this purpose.
Additional blanks and duplicate samples will not be collected with the
surface water samples.

2.4.3.4 Decontamination
Field meters which might contact surface water samples will be
decontaminated between stations Equipment decontamination
procedures are detailed in Section 2.3.3.

2.4.3.5 Sample Preservation
Following sampling at each location, the sample bottles will be placed in
a cooler with ice for preservation.

2.4.3.6 Sample Containers
Sample containers will be provided by the laboratory for each surface
water sampling event. Each container's preparation and preservatives
will be the same as those utilized for groundwater sampling and
addressed previously in Section 2.3.6.8.

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2.5 Sediment Sample Collection
This section presents the procedures and equipment required to perform sediment
sampling from the unnamed tributary downgradient of the monofill. Documentation of
field activities will be in accordance with Section 6.1.

2.5.1 Monitoring Conditions and Observations
Sediment quality analyses are particularly sensitive to site hydrologic conditions
and recent precipitation events. Changes in water flow may result in sediment
movement in the stream bed. Sampling event scheduling and the interpreted
sediment data should account for recent weather and sampling station
conditions.

Sampling station conditions should be recorded during each sampling event.
Surface water observations will include the flood stage in streams, seasonal
base flow conditions and confirm location and timing for meaningful sediment
quality sampling. As applicable, the following objective observations will be
recorded in a dedicated field logbook prior to sample collection:

 Relative stream water level;
 Surface water clarity; and
 Monitoring location conditions, including access and surroundings.

Report to the Solid Waste Manager any observed maintenance or access issues
observed.

Documentation of all field activities will be in accordance with Section 6.1.

2.5.2 Sampling Station Modifications
Modifications to sediment sampling station conditions may be required prior to
each sampling event. When modifications are necessary, sufficient time will be
allowed for settlement of suspended solids between the disturbance and sample
collection. A minimum four hour settling period will be observed.

2.5.3 Sample Collection
2.5.3.1 Collection Procedure
New, powder-free, surgical gloves will be donned prior to sample
collection. The following procedure will be followed when conducting
sediment sampling:

1. Put on new, powder-free, surgical gloves.

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2. Hold the bottle by the bottom with one hand and remove the cap
with the other.

3. Collect the sediment sample with a stainless steel trowel and
place in sample container.

2.5.3.2 Sample Collection Order
Sediment samples will be collected in the order of parameter
volatilization sensitivity. When collected, the following order will be
observed:

 Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics;
 Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate
Organics, and Oil and Grease;
 Total Metals;
 Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and
Biologicals;
 Microbiological; and
 Other Parameters (as applicable).

Additional blanks and duplicate samples will not be collected with the
sediment samples.

2.5.3.3 Decontamination
Sampling equipment which might contact sediment samples will be
decontaminated between stations Equipment decontamination
procedures are described in Section 2.3.3.

2.5.3.4 Sample Preservation
Following sampling at each location, the sample bottles will be placed in
a cooler with ice for preservation.

2.5.3.5 Sample Containers
Sample containers will be provided by the laboratory for each sediment
sampling event. Each container's preparation and preservatives will be
the same as those utilized for groundwater sampling and addressed
previously in Section 2.3.6.8.

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3.0 FIELD QA/QC PROGRAM
Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) requires the routine collection and analysis of
blanks to verify that the handling process has not affected the sample quality. Contaminants
found in the trip blanks could be attributed to:

1. Interaction between the sample and the container;
2. Contaminated source water; or
3. A handling procedure that alters the sample.

3.1 Blank Samples
3.1.1 Trip Blanks
The laboratory will prepare a trip blank by filling each sample bottle type with
laboratory grade distilled or deionized water. Trip blanks will use the specific
bottle type required for the analyzed parameters from a bottle pack specifically
assembled by the laboratory for each sampling event. Trip blanks are assembled
in the laboratory, transported with the empty bottle packs, remain in the coolers
throughout sampling, and are transported back to the laboratory for analysis.
Trip blanks will only be analyzed for volatile and purgeable organics.

3.1.2 Equipment Blanks
Where wells are sampled with non-dedicated equipment, equipment blank
samples will be collected at a rate of one sample per day. To collect an
equipment blank, pour non-organic (Milli-Q or equivalent) water into a bailer and,
handling the bailer in a manner identical to well sampling, transfer the water into
the specified ‘‘blank’’ sample collection jars specified. Equipment blank samples
are packed and sent to the laboratory with the other samples.

3.1.3 Field Blanks
As deemed necessary, field blanks will be collected. The laboratory will provide
designated bottles with laboratory grade distilled or deionized water. The water
will be poured from one laboratory provided container to an empty laboratory
provided container for the specified analysis. This activity must be performed at
the sampling location. Field blank samples will be packed in the cooler and sent
to the laboratory with the other samples.

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3.1.4 Blank Concentrations
The contaminant concentration levels found in the blanks will be reported but
will not be used to correct groundwater data. In the event that elevated
parameter concentrations are found in a blank, the analysis will be flagged for
future evaluation and possible re-sampling.

3.1.5 Field Instruments
Field instruments utilized to measure groundwater characteristics will be
calibrated prior to entering the field and recalibrated in the field as required to
insure accurate measurements for each sample. The specific conductivity and
pH meter will be recalibrated utilizing two prepared solutions of known pH
concentrations in the anticipated value range (between 4 and 10). A permanent
thermometer, calibrated against a National Bureau of Standards Certified
thermometer, will be used for temperature meter calibration. Other field
equipment should be calibrated at least daily using the manufacturer's
recommended specifications.

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4.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND SHIPMENT
Sample preservation methods, shipment, and Chain-of-Custody procedures observed between
sampling and laboratory analysis are presented in this section.

4.1 Sample Preservation
Pre-measured chemical preservatives will be provided by the analytical laboratory.
Hydrochloric acid will be used as a chemical stabilizer and preservative for volatile and
purgeable organic specimens. Nitric acid will be used as the preservative for analysis of
inorganic metals constituents.

4.2 Storage/Transport Conditions
Proper storage and transport conditions must be maintained to preserve sample
integrity between collection and analysis. Ice and chemical cold packs will be used to
cool and preserve samples, as directed by the analytical laboratory. Samples will be
maintained at a maximum temperature of 4o C. Dry ice is not to be used. Samples will
be packed and/or wrapped in plastic bubble wrap to inhibit breakage or accidental spills.

Chain-of-Custody control documents will be placed in a waterproof pouch and sealed
inside the cooler with the samples for shipping. Tape and/or custody seals will be
placed on the outside of the shipping coolers, in a manner to prevent and detect
tampering with the samples.

4.3 Sample Delivery
Samples will be delivered to the analytical laboratory within a reasonable time period in
person or using an overnight delivery service to insure holding time compliance. If
samples are not shipped the same day, the ice used to keep the samples cool will be
replenished to maintain the required maximum 4o C temperature. Sample shipment and
delivery will be coordinated with the laboratory. Do NOT store or ship highly
contaminated samples (concentrated wastes, free product, etc.) or samples
suspected of containing high contaminant concentrations in the same cooler or
shipping container with other environmental samples.

4.4 Chain of Custody
Chain-of-Custody control will be maintained from sampling through analysis to prevent
tampering with analytical specimens. Chain-of-Custody control procedures consist of
the following:

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1. Chain-of-Custody will originate at the laboratory with the shipment of prepared
sample bottles and a sealed trip blank(s) in sealed coolers. Identical container
kits will be shipped by express carrier to the sampler or site or will be picked up
at the laboratory.

2. After sample kit delivery but prior to sampling, the sampler will inventory the
container kit checking consistency between the number and type of containers
present with what is indicated in the Chain-of-Custody forms and that required
for the sampling event.

3. Labels for individual sample containers will be written in the field, indicating the
site name, sample location/well number, date and time of sample collection,
analysis required, sampler’s initials, and preservation methods used for the
sample.

4. Collected specimens will be placed in the coolers on ice and will remain in the
continuous possession of the field technician until shipment or transferal as
provided by the Chain-of-Custody form has occurred. If continuous possession
cannot be maintained by the field technician, the coolers will be temporarily
sealed and placed in a secure area.

Once delivered to the laboratory, samples will be issued laboratory sample numbers
recorded into a logbook indicating client, sample location/well number, and delivery
date and time. The laboratory director or his designee will sign the Chain-of-Custody
control forms and formally receive the samples.

Submitted Chain-of-Custody form copies will be placed in the laboratory's analytical
project file and attached to the laboratory analysis report.

Chain-of-Custody forms will be used to transfer direct deliveries from the sampler to
the laboratory. A coded, express delivery shipping bill shall constitute the Chain-of
Custody between the sampler and laboratory for overnight courier deliveries.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 31
5.0 LABORATORY ANALYSIS
The samples will be analyzed for parameters specified by the DWM for detection monitoring
purposes including water quality field indicators (pH, conductivity, temperature, and turbidity)
and those constituents listed in Table 2. Analytical methods from Test Methods For Evaluating
Solid Waste - Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846) or Methods For the Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes will be consistent with the DWM’s policies regarding analytical methods and
reporting limits. Analysis will be performed by a laboratory certified by the DWM for the
analyzed parameters.

5.1 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control
As stated above laboratory analysis will be performed by a NC Certified laboratory.
Formal environmental laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures
are to be utilized at all times. The laboratory must have a QA/QC program based on
specific routine procedures outlined in a written laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality
Control Manual. Internal quality control checks shall be undertaken regularly by the lab
to assess the precision and accuracy of analytical procedures.

5.2 Data Review
During analyses, quality control data and sample data shall be reviewed by the
laboratory manager to identify questionable data and determine if the necessary QA/QC
requirements are being followed. If a portion of the lab work is subcontracted, it is the
contracted laboratories responsibility to verify the subcontracted work is performed by
certified laboratories, using identical QA/QC procedures.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 32

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Halifax County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 33
6.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING
This section addresses the documentation and reporting requirements associated with the
WQMP implementation.

6.1 Field Logbook
During sampling activities, the field technician will keep an up-to-date logbook
documenting important information pertaining to the technician's field activities. The
field logbook will document the following:

 Site Name and Location;
 Sampling Date and Time;
 Climatic Conditions During Sampling Event;
 Sampling Location/Well Identification Number; and
 Signature of Field Technician.

Groundwater Sampling Observations
 Static Water Level and Well Bottom;
 Water Column Height;
 Condition of Monitoring Well;
 Monitoring Location Conditions, Including Access and Surroundings;
 Purged Water Volume and Relative Recharge Rate (High or Low);
 Observations on Purging and Sampling Event;
 Sample Collection Time; and
 Field Parameters: Temperature, pH, Specific Conductivity, and Turbidity
Readings; Also DO and ORP values.

Surface Water and Sediment Sampling Observations
 Relative Stream Water Level;
 Surface Water Clarity;
 Monitoring Location Conditions, Including Access and Surroundings;
 Sample Collection Time; and
 Field Parameters: Temperature, pH, Specific Conductivity, and Turbidity
Readings.

6.2 Groundwater Flow Evaluation
After each monitoring event, the potentiometric surface will be evaluated to determine
the groundwater flow rate and direction at the site. The groundwater flow direction will
be determined by comparing groundwater surface elevations across the site with a
potentiometric surface map constructed from data collected during each event.
Groundwater flow rates will be determined using the following equation:

Halifax County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 34
V=Ki
n

where: V = velocity (feet/day)
K = hydraulic conductivity (feet/day)
i = hydraulic gradient (feet/feet)
n = effective porosity of aquifer soils (unitless)

This evaluation will be used to determine if modifications to the WQMP may be required
(see Section 7.1).

6.3 Reporting
A report summarizing the monitoring event and the analytical data from the event will be
submitted to the DWM within 120 days of completion of the event.

Monitoring reports will include the following:

1. A discussion of site geology and hydrogeology;
2. A discussion of the monitoring event procedures and results;
3. A groundwater flow evaluation (including a potentiometric surface map);
4. Analytical laboratory reports and summary tables;
5. Graphical and/or statistical analysis of analytical data may be reported but is not
required;
6. Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (Appendix A); and
7. Laboratory Data (in Electronic Data Deliverable Format - see Section 1.2).

Monitoring reports may be submitted electronically by e-mail or in paper copy form.
Report copies will be kept at the landfill office.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 35
7.0 MONITORING PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS
This section addresses the procedures that should be followed with respect to water quality
monitoring program modifications.

7.1 Plan Modifications and Updates
After each water quality monitoring event, a groundwater flow evaluation will be
performed to determine the groundwater flow rate and direction at the site (see Section
6.2). If this evaluation reveals the monitoring network is insufficient to monitor for a
potential release of solid waste constituents from the solid waste management area, a
modified plan will be prepared and submitted to the DWM for approval.

The need for plan modifications and updates will also be determined as part of any
scheduled permitting activities for the facility.

7.2 Well Abandonment/Rehabilitation
Should wells become irreversibly damaged or require rehabilitation, the DWM will be
notified. If monitoring wells and/or piezometers are damaged irreversibly they will be
abandoned under DWM direction following 15A NCAC 02C .0113. The abandonment
procedure in unconsolidated materials involves over-drilling and/or pulling the well
casing and plugging the well with a sealant such as neat cement grout and/or bentonite
clay. For bedrock well completions, the abandonment encompasses plugging the
interior well riser and screen with a sealant such as neat cement grout and/or bentonite
clay.

7.3 Additional Well Installations
Additional well installations will be carried out in accordance with DWM directives.
Monitoring wells will be installed under the supervision of a geologist or engineer who is
registered in North Carolina and who will certify to the DWM that the installation
complies with the North Carolina rules and regulations. For future well installations, the
documentation for well construction will be submitted by the registered geologist or
engineer to the DWM within sixty (60) days after well construction.

7.4 Implementation Schedule
The monitoring program proposed herein will be implemented following approval of this
Water Quality Monitoring Plan by the DWM.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 36

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Tables

Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

This page intentionally left blank.

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Table 2
Analytical Parameters
Halifax County Landfill
By: JAS/MMG
Date: 5/8/2014
Constituents Synonyms
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Temperature
pH
Turbidity
Specific Conductance
Acetone 2-Propanone
Acrylonitrile 2-Propenenitrile
Benzene
Bromochloromethane Chlorobromomethane
Bromodichloromethane Dibromochloromethane
Bromoform Tribromomethane
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Tetrachloride Tetrachloromethane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane Ethyl chloride
Chloroform Trichloromethane
Dibromochloromethane Chlorodibromomethane
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane DBCP
1,2-Dibromoethane Ethylene dibromide, EDB
1,2-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
1,1-Dichloroethane Ethyldidene chloride
1,2-Dichloroethane Ethylene dichloride
1,1-Dichloroethylene Vinylidene chloride
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloropropane Propylene dichloride
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
Ethylbenzene
H:\Projects\Halifax County (NC)\HALIFAX-12-1 (C&DLF Permitting & Construction)\Area 1 Permit Amendment Application\G. Water Quality Monitoring Plan\Table 3 - Analysis List.xlsx
Table 2
Analytical Parameters
Halifax County Landfill
By: JAS/MMG
Date: 5/8/2014
Constituents Synonyms
2-Hexanone Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl bromide Bromomethane
Methyl chloride Chloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone 2-Butanone
Methyl iodide Iodomethane
4-Methyl-2-pentanone Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methylene bromide Dibromomethane
Methylene chloride Dichloromethane
Styrene Ethenylbenzene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene
Toluene Methyl benzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane Methyl chloroform
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichloroflouromethane CFC-11
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Vinyl acetate Acetic acid, ethenyl ester
Vinyl chloride Choroethene
Xylenes Dimethyl benzene
C&D Landfill Additional Parameter:
Mercury
Chloride
Manganese
Sulfate
Iron
Alkalinity
Total Dissolved Solids
Tetrahydrofuran
Monitored Natural Attenuation Parameters:
DO
ORP
Iron
Alkalinity
BOD
COD
TOC
Sulfate
Sulfide
Nitrate
Chloride
Carbon Dioxide
Ethane/Ethene
H:\Projects\Halifax County (NC)\HALIFAX-12-1 (C&DLF Permitting & Construction)\Area 1 Permit Amendment Application\G. Water Quality Monitoring Plan\Table 3 - Analysis List.xlsx
Table 2
Analytical Parameters
Halifax County Landfill
By: JAS/MMG
Date: 5/8/2014
Constituents Synonyms
Hydrogen
Dissolved Methane
Volatile Fatty Acid
SVOCs
Acenapthene
Acenapthylene
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene 2-AAF
4-Aminobiphenyl
Anthracene
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzyl alcohol
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
4-Bromophenyl ether
Butyl benzyl phthalate
p-Chloroaniline
Chlorobenzilate
p-Chloro-m-cresol
2-Chloronapthalene
2-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Chrysene
m-Cresol 3-Methylphenol
o-Cresol
p-Cresol 4-Methylphenol
Diallate
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzofuran
Di-n-butyl phthalate DBP
1,3-Dichlorobenzene m-Dichlorobenzene
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2,6-Dichlorophenol
Diethyl phthalate DEP
p-(Dimethylamino)azobenzene
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
3,3-Dimethylbenzidine
2,4-Dimethylphenol m-Xylenol
H:\Projects\Halifax County (NC)\HALIFAX-12-1 (C&DLF Permitting & Construction)\Area 1 Permit Amendment Application\G. Water Quality Monitoring Plan\Table 3 - Analysis List.xlsx
Table 2
Analytical Parameters
Halifax County Landfill
By: JAS/MMG
Date: 5/8/2014
Constituents Synonyms
Dimethyl phthalate
m-Dinitrobenzene
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-Dinitro-2-methyl phenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Di-N-octyl phthalate
Diphenylamine
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethyl methanesulfonate
Famphur
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloropropene
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
Isodrin
Isophorone
Isosafrole
Kepone
Methapyrilene
3-Methylcholanthrene
Methyl methanesulfonate
2-Methylnapthalene
Napthalene
1,4-Naphthoquinone
1-Naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine
o-Nitroaniline 2-Nitroaniline
m-Nitroaniline 3-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
o-Nitrophenol 2-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenol 4-Nitrophenol
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
Ni-Nitrosodiethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N-Nitrosodipropylamine
N-Nitrosomethylethalamine
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
H:\Projects\Halifax County (NC)\HALIFAX-12-1 (C&DLF Permitting & Construction)\Area 1 Permit Amendment Application\G. Water Quality Monitoring Plan\Table 3 - Analysis List.xlsx
Table 2
Analytical Parameters
Halifax County Landfill
By: JAS/MMG
Date: 5/8/2014
Constituents Synonyms
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenacetin
Phenanthrene
Phenol
p-Phenylenediamine
Pronamide
Pyrene
Safrole
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
o-Toluidine
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
0,0,0-Triethyl phosphorothioate
sym-Trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-trinitroBenzene
H:\Projects\Halifax County (NC)\HALIFAX-12-1 (C&DLF Permitting & Construction)\Area 1 Permit Amendment Application\G. Water Quality Monitoring Plan\Table 3 - Analysis List.xlsx
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Figure

Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

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MW-1
MW-2AMW-2AD
MW-3A
MW-3D
MW-3AS
MW-5
MW-6DMW-6S
MW-7D MW-7S
MW-8
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GV-3 GV-4
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MW-17
MW-18sMW-18d
GM-6 GM-7
SS-1
SS-2
CDSW-1 CDMW-1
MW-10
SW-1
GV-2
PROJECT TITLE:
DRAWING TITLE:
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
DESIGNED:
DRAWN:
APPROVED:
PROJECT NO:
SCALE:
FILENAME:
PREPARED BY:
PREPARED FOR:
SHEET NUMBER:DRAWING NUMBER:
DATE:
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P
M
SEAL
SEAL
SMITHGARDNER
ENGINEERS
+
14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603
NC LIC. NO. C-0828 (ENGINEERING)
919.828.0577
Electronic files are instruments of service provided by Smith
Gardner, Inc. for the convenience of the intended recipient(s), and
no warranty is either expressed or implied.  Any reuse or
redistribution of this document in whole or part without the
written authorization of Smith Gardner, Inc., will be at the sole
risk of the recipient.  If there is a discrepancy between the
electronic files and the signed and sealed hard copies, the hard
copies shall govern.  Use of  any electronic files generated or
provided by Smith Gardner, Inc., constitutes an acceptance of
these terms and conditions.
© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
HALIFAX COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF
PUBLIC UTILITIES
HALIFAX COUNTY
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING LOCATIONS
M.M.G.
C.T.J.
HALIFAX 12-1
AS SHOWN
NOV. 2015
HALI-D0296
FIG.1
GM-1
GM-7
GM-2
MW-5
SS-1
G-13D
CDMW-1
CDSW-1

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Appendix A
Environmental Monitoring Report Form

Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

Prepared for:

Halifax County Department of Public Utilities
Halifax, North Carolina

February 2016

© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.

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Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Table of Contents Page i
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 
1.1 Regulatory Requirements - C&D Landfills .............................................................. 1 
1.2 Guidance Document .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3 Contact Information .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3.1 Owner ............................................................................................................ 2 
1.3.2 Engineer ........................................................................................................ 2 
1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ) ................ 3 
1.4 Existing Site Conditions ............................................................................................. 3 
1.4.1 Site Geology ................................................................................................... 3 
1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime .......................................................................... 4 
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................................................................... 5 
2.1 Monitoring Frequency ............................................................................................... 5 
2.2 Monitoring Network .................................................................................................. 5 
2.2.1 Existing Network ........................................................................................... 5 
2.2.2 Modifications to Monitoring Network ........................................................... 5 
2.2.3 LFG Monitoring Well Construction ............................................................... 6 
2.3 Monitoring and Reporting ......................................................................................... 6 
2.3.1 Personnel ...................................................................................................... 6 
2.3.2 Equipment ..................................................................................................... 6 
2.3.3 Procedures .................................................................................................... 7 
2.3.4 Precautionary Action Plan ............................................................................ 8 
2.3.5 Record Keeping ............................................................................................. 8 
2.4 Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 9 
3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN .............................................................................................. 11 
3.1 Immediate Action Plan ............................................................................................ 11 
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation .................................................................... 11 
3.2 Remediation Plan .................................................................................................... 11 

FIGURE
Figure 1 EnvironmentalMonitoring Locations

APPENDIX
Appendix A Reporting Forms

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Table of Contents Page ii

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Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Landfill Gas (LFG) Monitoring Plan (plan) was prepared by Smith Gardner, Inc. to describe
the LFG monitoring program at the Halifax County Landfill Facility (NC Solid Waste Permit 42-
04), which is located off of Liles Road near Littleton, North Carolina. This landfill facility
includes a closed unlined municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill, an active construction
demolition debris (C&D) landfill (Area 1) (vertical expansion of closed MSW landfill), and an
active lined monofill for coal combustion by-products (ash monofill). This plan also covers a
proposed future C&D landfill unit (Area 2) located to the east of Area 1. This plan describes the
necessary procedures to satisfy applicable regulatory requirements (see Section 1.1) for
landfill gas monitoring. Note that the wastes disposed in the ash monofill do not produce gas;
thus, LFG monitoring of this unit is not required.

The Engineer has utilized the best available site data, practices, experience, and judgment to
develop this plan. However, the plan may require modifications over time to accommodate
changing landfill conditions, changing receptors in areas adjacent to and around the landfill, or
other conditions that cannot be fully anticipated.

Uncontrolled migration of LFG (particularly methane (CH4)) can result in loss of life, injury, loss
of property, vegetative damage, and intolerable odors. Landfill monitoring includes exposure to
explosive gases. Monitoring personnel should be specifically trained in the management and
response for situations such as fire or explosion and confined space entry and possess an
awareness of changing conditions around the landfill.

Note that this plan does not address landfill gas collection and control, air quality, or other
related landfill gas regulations or requirements which may be applicable to this site at present
or in the future.

1.1 Regulatory Requirements - C&D Landfills
Rule 15A NCAC 13B.0544 (d) of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules
requires the following for facilities having a C&D landfill:

 Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must ensure that:
o the concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases generated by
the facility does not exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit (LEL) (1.25%
for methane) in on-site facility structures (excluding gas control or
recovery system components);
o the concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases does not
exceed the LEL for methane or other explosive gases (5% for methane) at
the facility property boundary; and
o the facility does not release methane gas or other explosive gases in any
concentration that can be detected in offsite structures.
 Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must implement a routine methane
monitoring program and perform monitoring on at least a quarterly basis.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 2
 If regulatory limits for methane gas concentrations are exceeded, a contingency
plan must be implemented for the protection of human health and safety.

1.2 Guidance Document
This plan was developed generally following the Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance
document prepared by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC
DEQ), Division of Waste Management (DWM)1.

1.3 Contact Information
All correspondence and questions concerning this plan should be directed to the
appropriate contact below:

1.3.1 Owner
Halifax County Department of Public Utilities
26 N. King Street (Public Works Building)
P.O. Box 70
Halifax, NC 27839
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Contacts: Greg Griffin, Director
[e-mail]

Halifax County Landfill Facility
921 Liles Road
Littleton, NC 27850
P.O. Box 70
Halifax, NC 27839
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Contact: Solid Waste Manager

1.3.2 Engineer
Smith Gardner, Inc.
14 N. Boylan Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]

1 NC DEQ DWM (2010), ‘‘Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance’’, NC DEQ DWM Solid Waste Section, November
2010.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 3
Contacts: Joan A. Smyth, P.G., Senior Hydrogeologist
[e-mail]
Pieter K. Scheer, P.E., Senior Engineer
[e-mail]

1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ)
Division of Waste Management (DWM) - Solid Waste Section:

North Carolina DEQ - Raleigh Central Office
217 W. Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
Phone: [phone]

Contact: Elizabeth Werner, Hydrogeologist
[e-mail]
[phone]

Mary Whaley, Waste Management Specialist
[e-mail]

1.4 Existing Site Conditions
The facility is located approximately 12 miles south of Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina.
Area development is a mix of agriculture, woodlands, and rural residential.

The facility consists of approximately 241 acres owned by Halifax County. The permitted
facility is generally bounded on the north by Liles Road on the south by Brewer’s Creek
and to the east and west by other County-owned and private property. An unnamed
tributary to Brewer’s Creek runs through the center of the site and separates the closed
MSW/Area 1 C&D landfill unit (south side of tributary) from the ash monofill (north side
of tributary).

Ground surface elevations range from approximately El. 230 (feet above mean sea level)
along the unnamed tributary on the west end of the site to El. 370 at the current top of
the ash monofill. The facility location and existing site conditions are shown on Figure
1.

1.4.1 Site Geology
According to the 1985 North Carolina Geological Map and Ground Water in the
Halifax Area, North Carolina (Dept. of Conservation and Development Bulletin
#51, 1946) the landfill is situated on the eastern edge of the Eastern Piedmont
Physiographic Province; slightly west of the Coastal Plain overlap. Generally,

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 4
Western Halifax County is underlain by felsic to intermediate, crystalline igneous
and metamorphic rocks of early to late Paleozoic age. Eastern Piedmont rocks
generally exhibit a northeastern strike and locally dip gently eastward due to
regional metamorphism and folding that produced a broad plunging anticline.
The area was simultaneously intruded by a number of felsic (granite) plutons.
The granitic pluton underlying the landfill is the Butterwood Creek intrusion.

1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime
The closed MSW/Area 1 C&D landfill unit and the future Area 2 C&D landfill unit
are located between Brewer’s Creek to the south and its tributary to the north.
Groundwater in the upper-most aquifer generally flows through unconsolidated
sediments toward either Brewer’s Creek or its tributary where discharge occurs.
These existing water streams create a natural barrier to LFG migration.
Recharge occurs over most of the site from the non-saturated surface soils;
however, some downward recharge occurs into the deeper, widely spaced
bedrock fractures. These conditions are considered typical of this area.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 5
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM
This section of the LFG Monitoring Plan addresses each aspect of the monitoring program
including monitoring frequency, monitoring network, and monitoring and reporting procedures.

2.1 Monitoring Frequency
Routine LFG monitoring will be conducted on a quarterly basis.

2.2 Monitoring Network
Existing and proposed monitoring locations are shown on Figure 1 and are summarized
in the following LFG monitoring network schedule below. Well installation information
is not currently available for these wells.

Halifax County Landfill Proposed LFG Monitoring Network

Monitoring Location
Existing Monitoring Wells/Structures:
GM-1R GM-4R
GM-2B GM-5B
GM-3
Proposed Monitoring Wells/Structures:
GM-6* White Goods Building*
GM-7*
*To be monitored upon activation of Area 2 C&DLF unit.

If desired by the County, a dedicated methane monitor may be installed within the
structure to be monitored.

2.2.1 Existing Network
There are ten existing LFG monitoring wells (GM-1R, GM-2, GM-2R, GM-3, GM-4,
GM-4R, GM-5, GM-5B) located in the vicinity of the closed MSW/Area 1 C&D
landfill unit. In addition, one facility structure, the Scalehouse, at the north end
of the facility is monitored.

2.2.2 Modifications to Monitoring Network
The following modifications are proposed for the monitoring network and are
reflected in the monitoring schedule shown above.

 Wells and Structures to be Removed:

Based on the existing site conditions, including unnamed tributaries, four
existing LFG monitoring wells will be removed from the routine

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 6
monitoring program (GM-2, GM-2R, GM-4, and GM-5). These wells are
situated close to the landfill and each have a replacement well installed
closer to the property line in the same general area, as a better indicator
of LFG migration. These locations may be converted to gas vents utilizing
a PVC ‘‘tee’’ or ‘‘candy cane’’ top. In addition, the scalehouse will be
removed from monitoring given it is located at significant distance from
any gas producing waste.

 Wells and Structure to be Added:

In order to monitor the future Area 2 C&D landfill unit, two new LFG
monitoring wells (GM-6 and GM-7) and monitoring of one additional
structure (white goods building) are proposed. The new LFG monitoring
well locations were determined by the existing site conditions, soil types,
waste location, and nearby water bodies. The selected well locations are
generally between the future Area 2 landfill unit and off-site structures.

2.2.3 LFG Monitoring Well Construction
Proposed LFG monitoring wells will be installed to approximately groundwater
depth, estimated from nearby groundwater monitoring wells. Wells will be
screened with 2-inch diameter 10-slot PVC well screen from the total well depth
to between 5 feet and 10 feet below grade. Each well will be completed with solid
PVC riser pipe, a well cap fitted with a stopcock valve or quick connect fitting, and
a locking outer steel casing.

2.3 Monitoring and Reporting
Monitoring and reporting of LFG concentrations will be performed as outlined below.

2.3.1 Personnel
LFG monitoring will be performed by personnel who are familiar with the
requirements of this plan and who are trained in LFG hazards and explosive gas
meter use. As practical, a designated technician will be assigned to regular LFG
monitoring duty.

2.3.2 Equipment
A LandtecTM GEM-2000 infrared portable gas analyzer (or equivalent) will be
used to monitor LFG wells and facility structures. This analyzer, which is
calibrated to methane (CH4), operates using the infrared spectral property of
methane to measure concentrations in air. Measurements of oxygen (O2) and
carbon dioxide (CO2) will also be made with this meter. This meter may be used
in oxygen deficient areas (less than 10% O2) since oxygen is not required for a
chemical combustion of flammable gases within the meter.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 7

On the day of monitoring, prior to monitoring activities, this meter will be field
calibrated. Additionally, all monitoring equipment should be regularly calibrated
in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and operated only as
instructed.

2.3.3 Procedures
Prior to each monitoring event, the portable gas analyzer will be calibrated with a
known calibration standard in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations. General information related to the monitoring event,
equipment used, calibration procedures, weather conditions, and results for
each monitoring event will be recorded on the landfill gas monitoring data form
(see Appendix A).

The following steps outline the procedure for the monitoring of LFG wells and
facility structures:

 Check calibration date on the meter and calibrate according to
manufacturers instructions; allowing equipment to warm up properly
prior to use, per manufacturers direction.
 Purge sample tube for one minute before monitoring.

LFG Monitoring Wells:
o Connect instrument tubing to sample port on the monitoring well
without removing the cap.
o Open the valve and record both the initial and stabilized methane
concentrations. A stabilized concentration will not vary more than
0.5 percent by volume on the instrument’s scale. Also record the
oxygen concentration (at two percent per volume or less to
indicate air is not being drawn into the system and providing false
readings) and the carbon dioxide concentration.
o Close the valve and disconnect the tubing.
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
o If any methane concentration is greater than 50% of the LEL
(2.5% CH4), monitoring personnel should implement the
Precautionary Action Plan (see Section 2.3.4).
o If both initial and stabilized methane concentrations are less than
50% of the LEL (2.5% CH4), move to next LFG monitoring well.

Structures:
o Walk through the facility structure with a methane analyzer and
monitor the perimeter wall interface of the structure, the floor to
wall interface in hallways and rooms, and any floor penetrations in
the structure. Record the initial and stabilized methane

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 8
concentrations, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide
concentration.
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
o Notify the Solid Waste Manager and the Engineer for any methane
concentration greater than 0% of the LEL.

IF A STABILIZED METHANE CONCENTRATION IS GREATER THAN 100% OF
THE LEL IN A LFG MONITORING WELL OR GREATER THAN 25% OF THE LEL
IN A FACILITY STRUCTURE, THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS WILL BE
IMPLEMENTED:

1) Recalibrate monitoring equipment and confirm results.
2) If results are confirmed, IMMEDIATELY contact the Solid Waste Manager
and the Engineer.
3) Implement the Immediate Action Plan located in Section 3.1.

2.3.4 Precautionary Action Plan
If an initial or stabilized methane concentration is equal to or greater than 50% of
the LEL in a LFG monitoring well, monitoring personnel should perform the
following additional steps at this location:

 Measure gas pressure in the well head (in inches of water) using
magnehelic gauge or other appropriate metering device.
 Record at least one additional methane concentration measurement,
inside the well just below the top of casing.
 Evaluate the surrounding area for potential receptors to or signs of LFG
migration. LFG can stress vegetation and can kill trees and grass by root
asphyxiation. Note stressed/dead vegetation areas on the monitoring
form.
 Notify the Solid Waste Manager and the Engineer for further evaluation.

2.3.5 Record Keeping
Routine LFG monitoring events will be documented on the LFG monitoring data
form provided in Appendix A. Completed forms will be placed in the landfill
operating record located at the landfill office. These forms will be available for
review by DWM personnel on request.

Documentation of any contingency plan actions (see Section 3.0) will also be
kept in the operating record.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 9
2.4 Maintenance
Periodic maintenance and site observations will be conducted routinely to address
monitoring program components (at a minimum):

 Maintain access to LFG monitoring locations.
 Perform LFG monitoring well maintenance (maintain well locks, steel casing,
concrete pad, etc.).
 Observe landfill cover conditions, areas of dead vegetation, leachate seeps,
odors, etc. as indications of potential LFG-related problems.

Note deficiencies on the monitoring forms and report to the Solid Waste Manager for
repair or replacement as necessary.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 10

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Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN
If a stabilized methane concentration is greater than 100% of the LEL in a LFG monitoring
well or greater than 25% of the LEL in a facility structure, the County will perform both an
immediate action and plan and a remediation plan as described below.

3.1 Immediate Action Plan
The Solid Waste Manager will perform the following actions for the protection of human
health and safety:

1) Evacuate affected facility structures and the immediately surrounding area.
2) Determine nearby potential receptors (facility and off-site structures).
3) Perform monitoring in any other facility structure near the monitoring location
having the high concentration.
4) Contact the local Fire Department (911). Coordinate evaluation of potentially
affected off-site structures with the Fire Department.
5) Verbally notify the Public Utilities Director, or his designee.
6) Verbally notify the DWM (see Section 1.1) as soon as practical.
7) Investigate and identify the potential source(s) and conduit(s) for LFG migration
that may have caused the high concentration (i.e. the path that the LFG may be
taking to the monitoring location).
8) Identify the LFG extent using bar hole punch sampling methodology or other
applicable alternative method as practical.
9) As appropriate, begin corrective action to control methane concentrations in
structures surrounding the landfill site.

3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation
Within seven days of the detection of a high methane concentration will ensure
the information regarding the exceedance and any actions taken to protect
human health is placed in the operating record. The County will also prepare
and submit an Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (see Appendix A) with
the results of the monitoring event to the DWM.
3.2 Remediation Plan
Within sixty days of the detection of a high methane concentration, a remediation plan
describing the problem nature, extent, and proposed remedy will be prepared and
submitted to the DWM for approval. Upon approval, the plan will be implemented and a
copy will be placed in the operating record. The DWM will also be notified the plan has
been implemented.

An extension may be granted by the DWM on written request and depending on severity
of the situation.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
February 2016 Page 12

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Table

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

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Table 1
LFG Monitoring Location Summary
By: MG
Date: 12/16/2015
Monitoring
Location Northing Easting Status
GM-1 957295.38 2350025.65 existing
GM-2R 956248.04 2350016.23 existing
GM-3 956133.06 2349706.12 existing
GM-4R 957310.62 2348997.21 existing
GM-5B 958139.74 2349616.87 existing
GM-6 TBD TBD proposed
GM-7 TBD TBD proposed
Scalehouse NA NA existing
GM-2 956367.43 2350006.59 future vent
GM-2B 956177.64 2350015.12 future vent
GM-4 957286.55 2349030.01 future vent
GM-5 958035.17 2349626.32 future vent
TBD = To Be Determined
NA = Not Available
Network Locations
Removed from Network
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Figure

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

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MW-1
MW-2AMW-2AD
MW-3A
MW-3D
MW-3AS
MW-5
MW-6DMW-6S
MW-7D MW-7S
MW-8
MW-9
MW-10
MW-11
MW-12
MW-15
MW-15R
MW-16A
MW-17
SW-1
SW-2
SW-3
GV-1 GV-2
GV-3 GV-4
GM-1
GM-1R
GM-2
GM-2R
GM-2B
GM-3
GM-4GM-4R
GM-5
GM-5B
G-13G-13D
MW-17
MW-18sMW-18d
GM-6 GM-7
SS-1
SS-2
CDSW-1 CDMW-1
MW-10
SW-1
GV-2
PROJECT TITLE:
DRAWING TITLE:
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION
DESIGNED:
DRAWN:
APPROVED:
PROJECT NO:
SCALE:
FILENAME:
PREPARED BY:
PREPARED FOR:
SHEET NUMBER:DRAWING NUMBER:
DATE:
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SMITHGARDNER
ENGINEERS
+
14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603
NC LIC. NO. C-0828 (ENGINEERING)
919.828.0577
Electronic files are instruments of service provided by Smith
Gardner, Inc. for the convenience of the intended recipient(s), and
no warranty is either expressed or implied.  Any reuse or
redistribution of this document in whole or part without the
written authorization of Smith Gardner, Inc., will be at the sole
risk of the recipient.  If there is a discrepancy between the
electronic files and the signed and sealed hard copies, the hard
copies shall govern.  Use of  any electronic files generated or
provided by Smith Gardner, Inc., constitutes an acceptance of
these terms and conditions.
© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
HALIFAX COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF
PUBLIC UTILITIES
HALIFAX COUNTY
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING LOCATIONS
M.M.G.
C.T.J.
HALIFAX 12-1
AS SHOWN
NOV. 2015
HALI-D0296
FIG.1
GM-1
GM-7
GM-2
MW-5
SS-1
G-13D
CDMW-1
CDSW-1

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Appendix A
Reporting Forms
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

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16 

NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section

Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form

Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such,
these documents are available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).

Facility Name: ______________________________________________ Permit Number: ____________________________

Date of Sampling: ___________________ NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or .1600): _____________________________________

Name and Position of Sample Collector: _________________________________________

Type and Serial Number of Gas Meter: _______________________________ Calibration Date of Gas Meter: ___________

Date and Time of Field Calibration: _____________________

Type of Field Calibration Gas (15/15 or 35/50): ____________ Expiration Date of Field Calibration Gas Canister: ________

Pump Rate of Gas Meter: _____________

Ambient Air Temperature: __________ Barometric Pressure: ______________ General Weather Conditions: _____________

Instructions: Under “Location or LFG Well” identify the monitoring wells or describe the location for other tests (e.g., inside
buildings). A drawing showing the location of test must be attached. Report methane readings in both % LEL and % methane
by volume. A reading in percent methane by volume can be converted to % LEL as follows: % methane by volume = %
LEL/20

If your facility has more gas monitoring locations than there is room on this form, please attach additional sheets listing the
same information as contained on this form.

Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments
are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or
certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.

_________________________________________ _________________________________________
SIGNATURE TITLE