4204_Halifax_CDLF_OpsPlan_DIN26108_20160518 (2)

Operations Manual

Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

Prepared for:

Halifax County Department of Public Utilities
Halifax, North Carolina

February 2016

© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.

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Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 Table of Contents Page i
Halifax County Landfill Facility

Operations Manual

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS ............................................................................. 1 
1.1 Contact Information .................................................................................................. 1 
1.1.1 Halifax County ............................................................................................... 1 
1.1.2 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) ...................... 2 
1.2 Facility Operating Hours ........................................................................................... 3 
1.3 Site Access ................................................................................................................. 3 
1.3.1 Physical Restraints ....................................................................................... 3 
1.3.2 Security .......................................................................................................... 3 
1.4 Signage ...................................................................................................................... 3 
1.4.1 Waste Limit Markers ..................................................................................... 4 
1.5 Communications........................................................................................................ 4 
1.6 Fire Control ................................................................................................................ 4 
1.6.1 Open Burning ................................................................................................ 4 
1.6.2 Fire Tetrahedron ........................................................................................... 4 
1.6.3 Equipment ..................................................................................................... 5 
1.6.4 General Fire Management Strategies .......................................................... 5 
1.6.5 Fires Within Disposal Areas.......................................................................... 5 
1.6.6 Fires within the Transfer Station or in Transfer Trailers ............................ 6 
1.6.7 Notification .................................................................................................... 6 
1.6.8 Coordination With Local Fire Department ................................................... 7 
1.7 Severe Weather Conditions ....................................................................................... 7 
1.7.1 Ice Storms ..................................................................................................... 7 
1.7.2 Heavy Rains ................................................................................................... 7 
1.7.3 Electrical Storms .......................................................................................... 7 
1.7.4 Windy Conditions ........................................................................................... 7 
1.7.5 Violent Storms ............................................................................................... 8 
1.8 Equipment Requirements ......................................................................................... 8 
1.9 Personnel Requirements .......................................................................................... 8 
1.9.1 C&D Landfill and Ash Monofill ...................................................................... 8 
1.9.2 Transfer Station ............................................................................................ 9 
1.10 Health and Safety ...................................................................................................... 9 
1.10.1 Personal Hygiene ......................................................................................... 9 
1.10.2 Personal Protective Equipment .................................................................. 9 
1.10.3 Mechanical Equipment Hazard Prevention .............................................. 10 
1.10.4 Employee Health and Safety...................................................................... 10 
1.10.5 Physical Exposure ...................................................................................... 10 
1.10.6 Safety Data Sheets ..................................................................................... 10 

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1.11 Utilities ..................................................................................................................... 11 
1.12 Record Keeping Program........................................................................................ 11 
2.0 WASTE HANDLING OPERATIONS ............................................................................ 13 
2.1 Acceptable Wastes .................................................................................................. 13 
2.1.1 Approved Service Area ................................................................................ 13 
2.1.2 Transfer Station .......................................................................................... 13 
2.1.3 C&D Landfill Units ...................................................................................... 13 
2.1.4 Ash Monofill ................................................................................................. 14 
2.1.5 Wood Waste Processing Area ..................................................................... 14 
2.2 Prohibited Wastes ................................................................................................... 14 
2.2.1 Transfer Station .......................................................................................... 14 
2.2.2 C&D Landfill Units ...................................................................................... 15 
2.2.3 Ash Monofill ................................................................................................. 16 
2.2.4 Wood Waste Processing Area ..................................................................... 17 
2.3 Waste Screening Programs .................................................................................... 17 
2.3.1 Waste Receiving and Inspection ................................................................. 17 
2.3.2 Hazardous Waste Contingency Plan ........................................................... 18 
2.4 Waste Disposal ........................................................................................................ 19 
2.4.1 Access .......................................................................................................... 19 
2.4.2 General Procedures .................................................................................... 19 
2.4.3 Ash Monofill ................................................................................................. 20 
2.4.3.1 Placement of Initial Lift ................................................................ 20 
2.4.3.2 Equipment Operations Within the Landfill .................................. 21 
2.4.4 Special Waste Management ....................................................................... 21 
2.4.4.1 Asbestos Management (C&D Landfill Units) ............................... 21 
2.4.4.2 Animal Carcasses (Animal Waste Disposal Area or Tr. Station) 22 
2.4.5 Daily or Periodic Cover ............................................................................... 22 
2.4.5.1 C&D Landfill Units ........................................................................ 22 
2.4.5.2 Ash Monofill .................................................................................. 23 
2.4.6 Alternate Daily Cover .................................................................................. 23 
2.4.7 Intermediate Cover ..................................................................................... 23 
2.4.7.1 C&D Landfill Units ........................................................................ 23 
2.4.7.2 Ash Monofill .................................................................................. 23 
2.4.8 Height Monitoring ....................................................................................... 23 
2.5 Transfer Station Operations .................................................................................... 23 
2.5.1 Waste Receipt .............................................................................................. 24 
2.5.2 Tipping Floor Operations ............................................................................ 24 
2.5.3 Container Loading and Transport .............................................................. 24 
2.5.4 Equipment Operations Within the Transfer Station ................................... 24 
2.5.5 Daily Cleaning .............................................................................................. 25 
2.5.6 Weekly Cleaning .......................................................................................... 25 
2.6 Wood Waste Processing Area Operations .............................................................. 25 
2.7 White Goods Handling Area .................................................................................... 26 
2.8 Used Tire Storage Area ........................................................................................... 26 
2.9 Used Pesticide Container Storage Area ................................................................. 26 
2.10 Material Recovery .................................................................................................... 26 

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3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ........................................................................... 29 
3.1 Surface Water Control............................................................................................. 29 
3.1.1 Surface Water Run-On Control ................................................................... 29 
3.1.2 Erosion Control ........................................................................................... 29 
3.1.3 Sedimentation Control ................................................................................ 30 
3.1.4 NPDES Requirements ................................................................................. 30 
3.2 Leachate Management ............................................................................................ 31 
3.2.1 Transfer Station .......................................................................................... 31 
3.2.1.1 Record Keeping ............................................................................ 31 
3.2.2 Leachate Seeps ........................................................................................... 31 
3.2.3 Leachate Contingency Plan ........................................................................ 32 
3.3 Water Quality Monitoring ........................................................................................ 32 
3.3.1 Record Keeping ........................................................................................... 32 
3.4 Landfill Gas (LFG) Management ............................................................................. 32 
3.5 Landfill Gas (LFG) Monitoring ................................................................................. 33 
3.5.1 Record Keeping ........................................................................................... 33 
3.6 Vector Control .......................................................................................................... 33 
3.6.1 Transfer Station .......................................................................................... 33 
3.6.2 C&D Landfill Units and Ash Monofill .......................................................... 33 
3.7 Litter Control ........................................................................................................... 33 
3.8 Odor Control ............................................................................................................ 33 
3.8.1 Transfer Station .......................................................................................... 33 
3.8.2 C&D Landfill Units and Ash Monofill .......................................................... 34 
3.9 Dust Control............................................................................................................. 34 
3.10 Air Quality ................................................................................................................ 34 

TABLES
Table 1 Equipment Requirements ............................................................................. 8 

FIGURES
Figure 1 Existing and Proposed Landfill Units and Solid Waste Management
Activities
Figure 2A Transfer Station Floor Plan
Figure 2B Transfer Station Details

APPENDICES
Appendix A Fire Occurrence Notification Form
Appendix B Paint Filter Liquids Test
Appendix C Waste Screening Form

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Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 1
1.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS
This Operations Manual was prepared for operations of the Halifax County Landfill facility
located on Liles Road near Littleton. Halifax County (County) owns and operates the facility
under Solid Waste Permit No. 42-04. This document discusses the operation of the following
landfill units and other solid waste management activities:

 Area 1 C&D Landfill Unit (vertical expansion over closed unlined municipal solid
waste (MSW) unit);
 Area 2 C&D Landfill Unit (proposed);
 Ash Monofill (Cells 1 and 2 active; Cell 3 proposed);
 MSW Transfer Station;
 Animal Waste Disposal Area;
 Wood Waste Processing Area;
 White Goods Handling Area;
 Used Tire Storage Area; and
 Used Pesticide Container Storage Area.

Refer to Figure 1 for the location of existing and proposed landfill units, the transfer station,
and other solid waste management and site activities.

The information contained herein was prepared to provide facility personnel with a clear
understanding of how the Design Engineer assumed that the completed facility would be
operated and how regulatory operations criteria will be met. While deviations from the
operations procedures outlined herein may be acceptable, they must be reviewed and approved
by the NC Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Division of Waste Management (DWM)
prior to implementation. Additionally, the Design Engineer should be consulted regarding any
changes which may affect the design of the facility. Please refer to the appropriate permit
application for a detailed discussion and calculations for the individual components of each
landfill unit, including phasing plans.

1.1 Contact Information
All correspondence and questions concerning the operation of the Halifax County
Landfill facility should be directed to the appropriate County and State personnel listed
below. For fire or police emergencies dial 911.

1.1.1 Halifax County
Halifax County Department of Public Utilities
26 N. King Street (Public Works Building)
P.O. Box 70
Halifax, NC 27839
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

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February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 2
Contact: Greg Griffin, Director

Halifax County Landfill Facility
921 Liles Road
Littleton, NC 27850
P.O. Box 70
Halifax, NC 27839
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Contact: Solid Waste Manager

1.1.2 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
North Carolina DEQ - Raleigh Central Office (RCO)
217 W. Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
Phone/Fax: [phone]

North Carolina DEQ - Raleigh Regional Office (RRO)
3800 Barrett Drive
Raleigh, NC 27609
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

North Carolina DEQ - Fayetteville Regional Office (FRO)
225 Green Street, Suite 714
Fayetteville, NC 28301
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

North Carolina DENR - Winston-Salem Regional Office (WSRO)
450 West Hanes Mill Rd, Suite 300
Winston-Salem, NC 27105
Phone: [phone]

Division of Waste Management (DWM) - Solid Waste Section:

Field Operations Branch Head: Jason Watkins (WSRO)
Eastern District Supervisor: Dennis Shackelford (FRO)
Waste Management Specialist: Mary Whaley (RCO)

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February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 3
Division of Land Resources - Land Quality Section:

Regional Engineer: John Holley, P.E. (RRO)

1.2 Facility Operating Hours
Normal hours of operation will be 8:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. Monday through Friday. The
facility will be closed on weekends and on holidays as designated by the County.

The County may elect to modify these hours from time to time.

1.3 Site Access
The site will be accessed by the existing main entrance on Liles Road. A Scale and a
scale house are provided at this entrance. All waste will have been weighed prior to
being placed in the landfill or transfer station. A secondary entrance on Liles Road may
also be utilized primarily for access to the ash monofill.

1.3.1 Physical Restraints
Limiting access to the landfill facility is important for the following reasons:

 Unauthorized and illegal dumping of waste materials is prevented.
 Trespassing, and injury resulting therefrom, is discouraged.
 The risk of vandalism is greatly reduced.

Access to active areas of the landfill will be controlled by a combination of fences
and natural barriers, and strictly enforced operating hours. A landfill attendant
will be on duty at all times when the facility is open for public use to enforce
access restrictions (see also Section 1.2). Each entrance has a gate which will
be securely locked during non-operating hours.

1.3.2 Security
Frequent inspections of gates and fences will be performed by landfill personnel.
The County will arrange for a random security patrol of the landfill entrances to
further discourage trespassing. Evidence of trespassing, vandalism, or illegal
operation will be reported to the County Solid Waste Manager.

1.4 Signage
A prominent sign(s) containing the information required by the DWM will be placed at the
main landfill entrance. This sign(s) will provide information on operating hours,
operating procedures, and acceptable wastes. Additional signage will be provided as
necessary within the landfill complex to distinctly distinguish the roadway to the active

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landfill unit(s). Service and maintenance roads for use by facility staff will be clearly
marked and barriers (e.g., traffic cones, barrels, etc.) will be provided as required.

1.4.1 Waste Limit Markers
During construction or closure of landfill units, waste limit markers will be used
to identify the permitted limits of waste. The waste markers will be constructed
of non-degradable material and will state “Waste Limits” or “Edge of Liner” in
bold lettering. Offsets are acceptable such that all wording is clear to the DWM
and operational staff. The waste markers will be maintained and replaced when
damaged.

1.5 Communications
Cellular communications will be maintained between the active landfill unit(s), transfer
station, and the landfill scale house and office. The scale house and office have
telephones in case of emergency and for the conduct of day-to-day business.
Emergency telephone numbers are displayed in these locations.

1.6 Fire Control
The possibility of fire within the landfill, transfer station, or a piece of equipment must
be anticipated in the daily operation of the facility. Potential fire hazards include both
surface conditions and subsurface conditions. Surface conditions include equipment
operations and newly placed waste. Subsurface conditions include existing waste
previously landfilled.

1.6.1 Open Burning
With the exception of the controlled burning of land clearing debris generated
on-site or from emergency clean-up operations, no opening burning is allowed at
the facility. Controlled burning will occur only if permitted or approved by the
DWM, the Division of Air Quality (DAQ), and the local fire department.

1.6.2 Fire Tetrahedron1
To better understand the properties of fire, the
fundamental methods to extinguish it must be
understood. The fire “tetrahedron” illustrates the rule
that in order to ignite and burn, each component of the
tetrahedron (fuel, oxygen, heat, and chemical chain
reaction) represents a property of flaming fire. A fire

1 National Fire Protection Association (www.nfpa.org).

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February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 5
is prevented or extinguished by “removing” any one of them. A fire naturally
occurs when the elements are combined in the right mixture (e.g., more heat
needed for igniting some fuels, unless there is concentrated oxygen). The fire
tetrahedron is a more modern adaptation of the traditional fire “triangle”
recognizing the chemical reactions that may occur as a component - “the
uninhibited chain reaction”. This chain reaction is the feedback of heat to the
fuel to produce the gaseous fuel used in the flame. In other words, the chain
reaction provides the heat necessary to maintain the fire. These principles are
integral in the prevention and management of potential fire situations. Please
note this information is considered as a basis of understanding which may be
superseded by the direction and skill of the local Fire Marshal.

1.6.3 Equipment
A combination of factory installed fire suppression systems and/or portable fire
extinguishers will be operational on all pieces of heavy equipment at all times.
Potential fire hazards are created from the build-up of fine, dry dust particles on
and around operational motors and control panels. The presence of these build-
ups can cause overheating and potential fire if periodic equipment cleaning and
maintenance are not practiced. Portable fire extinguishers should be maintained
in a state of readiness on each piece of moving equipment and equipment should
be cleaned periodically.

1.6.4 General Fire Management Strategies
Each fire situation is site specific; however, general strategies for active fire
management include the following (in no particular order):

 Accelerated high temperature combustion (displacing fuel);
 Covering of burning material with soil (reduce oxygen);
 Covering of burning material with foams (reduce oxygen);
 Flooding of burning material with water (reduce heat);
 Injecting an inert gas such as CO2 (reduce oxygen);
 Excavating the burning material (displacing fuel) and then extinguishing it
in small controlled areas; and
 Applying extinguishing agents that will interfere with and inhibit the
combustion process at the molecular level (break the chemical reaction).

1.6.5 Fires Within Disposal Areas
Fires within the landfill disposal areas will be limited by the use of cover soil as a
fire break and control of "hot" loads entering the landfill. Facility personnel at
the scale house will alert appropriate staff and direct all vehicles containing
waste that is suspected to be hot to the transfer station tipping floor where the
hot load can be extinguished. If a hot load is placed on the working face, then the

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load will be spread as thin as possible and daily cover soil will be immediately
placed on the waste to extinguish the fire.

In general, fires that break out close to the surface of the disposal area should be
excavated and smothered with cover material. Deep fires should be smothered
out by placing moist soil on the surface and by constructing soil barriers around
the fire. Where the smothering technique fails, the burning material must be
excavated and smothered or quenched with water once the burning material is
brought to the surface. Water is usually not effective unless it can be directly
applied to the burning material.

For the lined ash monofill, in the event a fire occurs in the first lift of waste
immediately above the protective cover layer, the possibility of damage to
geosynthetics and collection piping exists. Once the fire is extinguished, the
residue must be removed to allow limited inspection of the geosynthetics and
piping. Damaged sections of geosynthetics, piping, etc. must be removed and
replaced with new items of the same or equal material. The new materials must
be placed in accordance with the technical specifications and construction quality
assurance (CQA) documents prepared for this facility.

1.6.6 Fires within the Transfer Station or in Transfer Trailers
Fires within the transfer station or in transfer trailers will be limited by the
control of “hot” loads entering the facility. Facility personnel at the scale house
will alert appropriate staff and direct all vehicles containing waste that is
suspected to be hot to the transfer station tipping floor where the hot load can be
extinguished. If smoldering or burning waste is discovered on the tipping floor,
then the waste will be segregated, spread as thin as possible, and the fire will be
extinguished. No “hot” material will be loaded onto transfer trailers.

Transfer trailer fires are uncommon, but may occur when open trailers are
loosely loaded with combustible waste materials. If smoke or fire are observed
in a loaded waste transfer trailer, the fire must be immediately reported to the
Solid Waste Manager. If possible, the load should be immediately doused with
water from the tipping floor. If possible, the transfer trailer should be slowly
moved from the loading bay, moved at least 100 feet away from the building, and
disconnected from the truck cab. The Solid Waste Manager will evaluate the
situation and response, and, if necessary, call 911.

1.6.7 Notification
The County will verbally notify the DWM (see Section 1.1.2) within 24 hours of
discovery of a fire within any landfill disposal area or in the transfer station. In
addition, written documentation describing the fire, the actions carried out to
extinguish the fire, and a strategy for preventing future occurrences will be

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February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 7
provided to the DWM within 15 days following any such occurrence using the
DWM’s Fire Occurrence Notification Form (see Appendix A).

1.6.8 Coordination With Local Fire Department
A copy of this Operations Manual will be filed with the local fire department
including all contact information for the facility.

1.7 Severe Weather Conditions
Unusual weather conditions can directly affect the operation of the landfill facility. Some
of these weather conditions and recommended operational responses are as follows.

1.7.1 Ice Storms
An ice storm can make access to the facility dangerous, prevent movement or
placement of cover soil, and, thus, may require closure of the facility until the ice
is removed or has melted.

1.7.2 Heavy Rains
Exposed soil surfaces can create a muddy situation in some portions of the
facility during rainy periods. The control of drainage and use of crushed stone on
unpaved roads should provide all-weather access for the site and promote
drainage away from critical areas. In areas where the aggregate surface is
washed away or otherwise damaged, new aggregate should be used for repair.

Intense rains can affect newly constructed drainage structures such as swales,
diversions, cover soils, and vegetation. After such a rain event, inspection by
facility personnel will be initiated and corrective measures taken to repair any
damage found before the next rainfall.

1.7.3 Electrical Storms
The open area of the facility is susceptible to the hazards of an electrical storm.
If necessary, activities will be temporarily suspended during such an event.
Refuge will be taken as necessary in the on-site buildings or in rubber-tired
vehicles.

1.7.4 Windy Conditions
Facility operations during a particularly windy period may require that the
working face be temporarily shifted to a more sheltered area. When this is done,
the previously exposed face will be immediately covered with cover soil.

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February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 8
1.7.5 Violent Storms
In the event of hurricane, tornado, or severe winter storm warning issued by the
National Weather Service, facility operations may be temporarily suspended until
the warning is lifted. Cover soil will be placed on exposed waste and buildings
and equipment will be properly secured to the extent deemed safe.

1.8 Equipment Requirements
The County will maintain on-site equipment required to perform the necessary site
activities. Periodic maintenance of all equipment and minor and major repair work will
be performed at designated maintenance zones.

The anticipated major equipment requirements for operation and maintenance of the
site are listed in Table 1 below. These may vary based upon incoming tonnages and
equipment replacement schedules.

Table 1 Equipment Requirements
Description Primary Function (Allocation)
1) Compactor (C&D) Waste placement and compaction
2) Dozers (2) (C&D and Ash
Monofill)
Stripping and grading of borrow areas, fine grading, slope
work, and site cleanup
3) Excavator Loading and placement of cover soils; general site
operations
4) Dump Truck and/or Pan Loading and hauling of cover soils
5) Rubber-Tired Front End Loader Moving waste on tipping floor of transfer station
6) Yard Tractor Moving transfer trailers
7) Transfer Trailers (Multiple) Waste transportation (Contractor-Owned)

1.9 Personnel Requirements
1.9.1 C&D Landfill and Ash Monofill
At least one member of the facility supervisory staff will be certified as a
Manager of Landfill Operations (MOLO) by the Solid Waste Association of North
America (SWANA) (or other DWM-approved program) and operations staff will go
through appropriate training. At least one certified (SWANA Landfill Operations
Specialist or other DWM-approved program) operator will be present on-site
during times when the landfill is receiving or disposing of waste. As part of this
training, personnel learn to recognize loads which may contain prohibited
wastes.

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February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 9
1.9.2 Transfer Station
At least one member of the facility supervisory staff will be trained in the
management of transfer station operations and operations staff will go through
appropriate training. As part of this training, personnel learn to recognize loads
which may contain prohibited wastes.

1.10 Health and Safety
All aspects of the facility operations were developed with the health and safety of the
operating staff, customers, and neighbors in mind. Prior to commencement of
operations of the facility, a member of the operating staff will be designated site safety
officer. This individual, together with the facility's management will modify the site
safety and emergency response program to remain consistent with SWANA and
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidance.

Safety equipment provided includes equipment rollover protective cabs, seat belts,
audible reverse warning devices, hard hats, safety shoes, and first aid kits. Facility
personnel will be encouraged to complete the American Red Cross Basic First Aid
Course. Other safety requirements as designated by the County will also be
implemented.

Facility employees will be routinely trained in health and safety by supervisory staff. All
training will be documented. The following are some general recommendations for the
health and safety of workers:

1.10.1 Personal Hygiene
The following items are recommended as a minimum of practice:

 Wash hands before eating, drinking, or smoking.
 Wear personal protective equipment as described in Section 1.10.2.
 Wash, disinfect, and bandage ANY cut, no matter how small it is. Any
break in the skin can become a source of infection.
 Keep fingernails closely trimmed and clean (dirty nails can harbor
pathogens).

1.10.2 Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be evaluated as to the level of
protection necessary for particular operating conditions and then made available
to facility employees. The list below includes the PPE typically used and/or
required in a solid waste management facility workplace.

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February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 10
 Safety shoes with steel toes.
 Noise reduction protection should be used in areas where extended
exposure to continuous high decibel levels are expected.
 Disposable rubber latex or chemical resistant gloves for handling and/or
sampling of waste materials.
 Dust filter masks (voluntary).
 Hard hats (in designated areas and/or activities).

Following use, PPE’s should be disposed of or adequately cleaned, dried, or
readied for reuse.

1.10.3 Mechanical Equipment Hazard Prevention
All equipment should be operated with care and caution. All safety equipment
such as horns, backup alarms, and lights should be functional. A Lockout-
Tagout program will be used to identify equipment in need or under repair and
insure that operation is “off-limits” prior to maintenance or repair. All operators
will be trained in the proper operation of equipment.

1.10.4 Employee Health and Safety
Some general safety rules are:

 Consider safety first when planning and conducting activities.
 Review the equipment O&M manual(s) prior to attempting
repairs/changes.
 Remember the buddy system for repair of mechanical equipment.
 Post emergency contact phone numbers.
 Provide easy and visible access to the Right to Know materials.
 Provide easy and visible access to first aid kits and fire extinguishers.

1.10.5 Physical Exposure
Facility personnel may come in contact with the fluids, solids, and airborne
constituents found at the facility. Routine training should be conducted
regarding the individual and collective materials used at the facility and their
associated hazards. Training concerning safe work practices around these
potential exposures should cover the use of equipment and proper disposal
procedures.

1.10.6 Safety Data Sheets
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) will be made available for all chemicals stored on site
for use at the facility. SDS will be stored in a location with all other Right to
Know information for the site.

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February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 11
1.11 Utilities
Electrical power, water, telephone, and restrooms will be provided at the scale house,
office, and/or transfer station.

1.12 Record Keeping Program
The County will maintain the following records in an operating record at the facility:

A. Current permit(s) (Permit to Construct, Permit to Operate, etc.);
B. Current operations manual/plan(s) and engineering plan for each landfill unit
and transfer station;
C. Inspection reports;
D. Audit and compliance records;
E. Annual reports (including survey and other documentation related to airspace
usage in landfill units);
F. Waste inspection records (see Section 2.3.1);
G. Daily tonnage records - including source of generation;
H. Waste determination records (if applicable);
I. Quantity, location of disposal, generator, and special handling procedures for
all special wastes disposed of at the site;
J. List of generators and haulers that have attempted to dispose of restricted
wastes;
K. Employee training procedures and records of training completed;
L. All ground water monitoring and surface water quality information (See the
current Water Quality Monitoring Plan) including:
1. Monitoring well construction records;
2. Sampling dates and results;
3. Statistical analyses (if applicable); and
4. Results of inspections, repairs, etc.
M. LFG monitoring results and remedial measures as required (see the current
LFG Monitoring Plan);
N. All closure and post-closure information, where applicable, including:
1. Notification of intent to close;
2. Testing;
3. Certification; and
4. Recording.
O. Cost estimates or financial assurance documentation;
P. A notation of the date of cover placement;
Q. Documentation of approval for controlled burning (Date of Approval/Name of
Approving DWM personnel) (see Section 1.6.1).
R. NPDES records (see Section 3.1.4); and
S. Leachate records (see Section 3.2.1.1).

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February 2016 1.0 General Facility Operations Page 12
The operating record will be kept up to date by the Solid Waste Manager or his designee.
It will be presented upon request to the DWM for inspection. A copy of this Operations
Manual will be kept at the landfill and will be available for use at all times.

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February 2016 2.0 Waste Handling Operations Page 13
2.0 WASTE HANDLING OPERATIONS
This section describes the required waste handling operations for the Halifax County Landfill
facility. In addition to the MSW, C&D, and ash waste disposed of at or transferred from this
facility, the County also handles scrap tires, white goods and scrap metal, electronics, and used
pesticide containers. These materials are stored at the landfill facility until there are sufficient
quantities for pick up by various recycling contractors. The County also operates an animal
waste disposal area and a wood waste processing area.

2.1 Acceptable Wastes
2.1.1 Approved Service Area
The Halifax County Landfill facility is currently approved to serve Halifax County.

2.1.2 Transfer Station
Non-hazardous solid waste as defined by NCGS 130A-290(a)(35) generated within
the approved service area may be accepted at the transfer station. In addition,
animal carcasses from the NC Department of Transportation and from local
animal control departments within the approved service area are accepted and
handled as described in Section 2.4.4.2. Carcasses are bagged prior to arrival.

Acceptable wastes must meet the requirements of the receiving disposal facility.

2.1.3 C&D Landfill Units
Only the following wastes generated within the approved service area may be
disposed of in the C&D landfill units:

 Construction and Demolition (C&D) Solid Waste: as defined in 15A NCAC
13B.0532(8) means solid waste resulting solely from construction,
remodeling, repair, or demolition operations on pavement and buildings
or structures. C&D waste does not include municipal and industrial
wastes that may be generated by the on-going operations at buildings or
structures.
 Inert Debris: as defined in 15A NCAC 13B.0101(22) means concrete,
brick, concrete block, uncontaminated soil, gravel and rock, and
untreated and unpainted wood.
 Land Clearing Waste: as defined in 15A NCAC 13B.0101(23) means solid
waste which is generated solely from land-clearing activities, limited to
stumps, trees, limbs, brush, grass, and other naturally occurring
vegetative material.
 Asphalt: in accordance with NCGS 130A-294(m).
 Industrial solid waste that is generated by mobile or modular home

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manufacturers and asphalt shingle manufacturers. The waste must be
separated at the manufacturing site to exclude municipal solid waste,
hazardous waste, and other waste prohibited from disposal in a
Construction and Demolition Landfill.
 Other Wastes as Approved by the Solid Waste Section of the Division of
Waste Management.

In addition, the special wastes (asbestos only) described in Section 2.4.4.1 and
may also be disposed of in the C&D landfill units.

2.1.4 Ash Monofill
Only coal combustion by-products (residuals including fly ash, bottom ash, boiler
slag, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residue produced by coal fired electrical
or steam generation units) generated within the approved service area may be
disposed of in the ash monofill. Note that minor amounts of coal fines may also
be included with wastes brought to the monofill for disposal.

2.1.5 Wood Waste Processing Area
Clean untreated unpainted wood, including pallets, lumber scraps, land clearing
debris (stumps and limbs), and yard waste (limbs, leaves, pine straw, grass and
shrubbery cuttings, etc.) is accepted for processing within the facility’s wood
waste processing area (see Section 2.6).

2.2 Prohibited Wastes
2.2.1 Transfer Station
The following wastes are prohibited from acceptance at the transfer station:

 Used Oil and Motor Vehicle Oil Filters;
 Yard Waste;
 White Goods;
 Antifreeze (ethylene glycol);
 Aluminum Cans;
 Whole Scrap Tires;
 Lead Acid Batteries;
 Certain Recyclable Rigid Plastic Containers (per NCGS 130A-
309.10(f)(11));
 Wooden Pallets;
 Oyster Shells;
 Discarded Computer Equipment and Televisions;
 Construction and Demolition Debris (C&D) (Except when allowed by the
County).

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In addition, operating criteria prohibit other materials from acceptance at the
transfer station. These materials include:

 Hazardous waste as defined by NCGS 130A-290(a)(8), including hazardous
waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators.
 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761 with the
exception of trace amounts found in materials such as consumer
electronics.
 Bulk or non-containerized liquid wastes unless the waste is household
waste other than septic waste and waste oil; or the waste is leachate or
gas condensate derived from the MSW landfill unit. A liquid
determination will be performed by the paint filter test (see Appendix B
for apparatus and procedure).
 Containers holding liquid wastes unless the waste is household waste.
 Medical waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(18).
 Sludge as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(34).
 Septage as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(32).

2.2.2 C&D Landfill Units
Only wastes as defined in Section 2.1.3 above may be accepted for disposal in
the C&D landfill units. Prohibited wastes include waste exclusions listed in 15A
NCAC 13B .0542 as follows:

 Wastewater treatment sludge. Wastewater treatment sludge may be
accepted, with the approval of the DWM, for utilization as a soil
conditioner and incorporated into or applied onto the vegetative soil layer
component of the final cover system. In this case, the sludge will be
applied at no greater than agronomic rates and to a maximum depth of
six inches.
 Containers such as tubes, drums, barrels, tanks, cans, and bottles unless
they are empty and perforated to ensure that no liquid, hazardous, or
municipal solid waste is contained therein;
 Garbage as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(7);
 Hazardous waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(8), to also include
hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators;
 Industrial solid waste unless a demonstration has been made and
approved by the DWM that the landfill meets the requirements of Rule
.0503(2)(d)(ii)(A);
 Liquid wastes;
 Medical waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(18);
 Municipal solid waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(18a);
 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761;
 Radioactive waste as defined in G.S. 104E-5(14);
 Septage as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(32);

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 Sludge as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(34);
 Special wastes as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(40);
 White goods as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(44); and
 Yard trash as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(45).

The following wastes cannot be received if separate from C&D waste:

 Lamps or bulbs including but not limited to halogen, incandescent, neon
or fluorescent;
 Lighting ballast or fixtures;
 Thermostats and light switches;
 Batteries including but not limited to those from exit and emergency
lights and smoke detectors;
 Lead pipes;
 Lead roof flashing;
 Transformers;
 Capacitors;
 Copper chrome arsenate (CCA) and creosote treated woods; and
 Pallets.

Waste accepted for disposal in the C&D landfill units must be readily identifiable
as C&D waste and must not have been shredded, pulverized, or processed to
such an extent that the composition of the original waste cannot be readily
ascertained except as specified as follows:

 C&D waste that has been shredded, pulverized, or otherwise processed
may be accepted for disposal from a facility that has received a permit
from an authorized regulatory authority which specifies such activities
are inspected by the authority, and whose primary purpose is recycling
and reuse of the C&D material. For this case, a waste screening plan and
waste acceptance plan will be prepared and made available to the DWM
upon request.

The County will not dispose of C&D waste that is known to be generated within
the boundaries of a unit of local government that by ordinance:

(A) Prohibits generators or collectors of C&D waste from disposing
that type or form of C&D waste.
(B) Requires generators or collectors of C&D waste to recycle that
type or form of C&D waste.

2.2.3 Ash Monofill
Only wastes as defined in Section 2.1.4 above may be accepted. Unacceptable
wastes found in this area, if not otherwise prohibited, will be disposed of in the

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active C&D landfill unit or taken to the transfer station for transport to an
approved MSW landfill.

2.2.4 Wood Waste Processing Area
Only clean wood waste as defined in Section 2.1.5 above may be accepted in the
wood waste processing area. Unacceptable wastes found in this area, if not
otherwise prohibited, will be disposed of in the active C&D landfill unit or taken
to the transfer station for transport to an approved MSW landfill.

2.3 Waste Screening Programs
In order to assure that prohibited wastes are not entering the facility, screening
programs have been implemented. Waste received at both the scale house and waste
taken to the transfer station or active landfill units is inspected by trained personnel.
These individuals have been trained to spot indications of suspicious wastes, including:
hazardous placarding or markings, liquids, powders or dusts, sludges, bright or unusual
colors, drums or commercial size containers, and "chemical" odors. Screening
programs for visual and olfactory characteristics of prohibited wastes are an ongoing
part of the facility operation.

Records of information gathered as part of the waste screening programs will be
maintained at the facility during its active life and as long as required by the County and
the DWM.

2.3.1 Waste Receiving and Inspection
All vehicles must stop at the scale house located near the entrance of the facility
and visitors are required to sign-in. All waste transportation vehicles are
weighed and the content of the load assessed. The scale attendant(s) requests
from the driver of the vehicle a description of the waste it is carrying to ensure
that unacceptable waste is not allowed into the facility. The attendant(s) then
visually checks the vehicle as it crosses the scale. Signs informing users of the
acceptable and unacceptable types of waste are posted at the scale house. Once
passing the scales, the vehicles are routed to the transfer station, landfill unit, or
other area (white goods handling area, etc.) as appropriate.

Vehicles are randomly selected for screening on a regular basis, depending on
personnel available. At least one vehicle per week, but not less than 1% by
weight of the waste stream entering the landfill (based on the previous week=s
total), will be randomly selected by inspection personnel. A random truck
number and time will be selected (e.g., the tenth load after 10:00 a.m.) on the day
of inspections. However, if something suspicious is spotted in any waste load,
that load is inspected further.

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Vehicles selected for inspection are directed to an area of intermediate cover
adjacent to the working face or to an area of the tipping floor of the transfer
station where the vehicle will be unloaded. Waste is carefully spread using
suitable equipment. An attendant trained to identify wastes that are
unacceptable inspects the waste discharged at the screening site. If
unacceptable waste is found, including wastes generated from outside of the
service area, the load will be isolated and secured by berming off the area. For
unacceptable wastes that are non-hazardous, the Solid Waste Manager will then
notify officials of the DWM (see Section 1.1.2) within 24 hours of attempted
disposal of any waste the landfill is not permitted to receive in order to determine
the proper course of action. For unacceptable wastes that are thought to be
hazardous, the Hazardous Waste Contingency Plan outlined in Section 2.3.2 will
be followed. The hauler is responsible for removing unacceptable waste from
the facility property.

If no unacceptable waste is found, the load will be pushed to the working face
and incorporated into the daily waste cell or loaded into a transfer trailer. All
random waste inspections will be documented by facility staff using the waste
screening form provided in Appendix C.

In addition to random waste screening described above, waste unloaded on the
active face of the landfill or on the tipping floor of the transfer station will be
inspected by the equipment operators, trained to spot unacceptable wastes,
before and during spreading and compaction or loading onto transfer trailers.
Any suspicious looking waste is reported immediately to the designated primary
inspector for further evaluation.

2.3.2 Hazardous Waste Contingency Plan
In the event that identifiable hazardous waste or waste of questionable character
is detected at the facility, appropriate equipment, protective gear, personnel, and
materials as necessary will be employed to isolate the wastes. The DWM will be
notified immediately (see Section 1.1.2) that an attempt was made to dispose of
hazardous waste at the facility. If the vehicle attempting disposal of such waste
is known, all attempts will be made to prevent that vehicle from leaving the site
or, if the vehicle has left the site, immediate notice will be served on the owner of
the vehicle that hazardous waste, for which they have responsibility, has been
disposed of at the facility.

The County will assist the DWM as necessary and appropriate in the removal and
disposition of the hazardous waste and in the prosecution of responsible parties.
If needed, the hazardous waste will be covered with either on-site soils or other
tarping material until such time when an appropriate method can be
implemented to properly handle the waste. The cost of the removal and
disposing of the hazardous waste will be charged to the owner of the vehicle

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involved. Any vehicle owner or operator who knowingly dumps hazardous waste
in the facility may be barred from using the facility.

Should an incident where hazardous waste is found at the facility occur, the event
will be documented by facility staff using the waste screening form provided in
Appendix C.

2.4 Waste Disposal
2.4.1 Access
Traffic will be clearly directed to the appropriate active access road. For the
active lined ash monofill, all vehicles entering the unit will use the active ramp(s)
to minimize the potential for damage the liner system. Traffic speed on the
ramp should be less than 10 MPH.

The location of access roads during waste placement will be determined by
facility staff in order to reflect waste placement strategy. Additionally, access
will be maintained for site monitoring locations.

2.4.2 General Procedures
For each active landfill unit, waste transportation vehicles will arrive at the
working face at random intervals. There may be a number of vehicles unloading
waste at the same time, while other vehicles are waiting. In order to maintain
control over the unloading of waste, a certain number of vehicles will be allowed
on the working face at a time. The actual number will be determined by the
spotter (the spotter is typically the compactor or dozer operator). This procedure
will be used in order to minimize the potential of unloading un-acceptable waste
and to control disposal activity. Operations at the working face will be conducted
in a manner which will encourage the efficient movement of transportation
vehicles to and from the working face, and to expedite the unloading of waste.

The approach to the working face will be maintained such that two or more
vehicles may safely unload side by side (A minimum separation distance of 10
feet is encouraged.). A vehicle turn-around area large enough to enable vehicles
to arrive and turn around safely with reasonable speed will be provided adjacent
to the unloading area. The vehicles will back to a vacant area near the working
face to unload. Upon completion of the unloading operation, the transportation
vehicles will immediately leave the working face area. Personnel will direct
traffic as necessary to expedite safe movement of vehicles.

Waste unloading at the landfill will be controlled to prevent disposal in locations
other than those specified by site management. Such control will also be used to
confine the working face to a minimum width, yet allow safe and efficient

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operations. The width and length of the working face will be maintained as small
as practical in order to maintain the appearance of the site, control windblown
waste, and minimize the amount of cover required each day. Normally, only one
working face will be active on any given day, with all deposited waste in other
areas covered by either daily/periodic, intermediate, or final cover, as
appropriate.

The procedures for placement and compaction of solid waste include: unloading
of vehicles, spreading of waste into 2 foot lifts (thicker lifts may be necessary at
the operators discretion depending on waste type and location of waste
placement), and compaction on relatively flat slopes (i.e. 5H:1V max.) using a
landfill compactor and a minimum number of three full passes. For the ash
monofill, the ash is spread and tracked in with a bulldozer.

Caution will be used in wet conditions such that no waste will be placed into
ponded water. Likewise, surface water will not be allowed to be impounded over
waste.

Wind screens and/or diking adjacent to active areas may be used as practical to
control windblown waste (refer also to Section 3.7, Litter Control).

The use of portable signs with directional arrows and portable traffic barricades
will facilitate the unloading of wastes to the designated disposal locations. These
signs and barricades will be placed along the access route to the working face of
the landfill or other designated areas which may be established.

Except as described in Section 2.10, the removal of solid waste from any landfill
unit is prohibited except upon notification of the DWM (see Section 1.1.2).
Regardless, the general public is prohibited from any waste removal activities
from any landfill unit.

2.4.3 Ash Monofill
The following items are unique to the ash monofill in that this unit includes a
geomembrane liner and related geosynthetics.

2.4.3.1 Placement of Initial Lift
During ash placement operations, the landfill liner system is most
vulnerable during the placement of the first lift of waste. The first lift
should be a minimum of two (2) to four (4) feet thick and be carefully
spread using a bulldozer. A spotter should be used during placement of
the first lift of ash to ensure that no movement of the underlying
protective cover is occurring which might indicate stretching or wrinkling
of the liner system geosynthetics is occurring.

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In the event that the landfill staff identifies any damage to any part of the
landfill's liner system, they should immediately initiate its repair.
Additionally, they should document the damage and the repair as a part of
the operating record.

2.4.3.2 Equipment Operations Within the Landfill
Both the facility=s operational vehicles and waste transportation vehicles
must be restricted as follows within the ash monofill:

 Equipment operation directly on the protective cover will be
limited to rubber-tired vehicles having a maximum ground
contact, i.e., tire pressure, of less than 32 psi.
 A minimum vertical separation of 3 feet will be maintained
between the geomembrane liner and all waste transportation
vehicles.
 A minimum vertical separation of 5 feet will be maintained
between the geomembrane liner and waste compactors.

The operation of vehicles within those portions of the landfill not actively
receiving waste should be restricted to activities associated with erosion
and sedimentation control.

2.4.4 Special Waste Management
2.4.4.1 Asbestos Management (C&D Landfill Units)
The County may dispose of asbestos within the C&D landfill units.
Asbestos will only be accepted if it has been processed and packaged in
accordance with State and Federal (40 CFR 61) regulations. Asbestos will
arrive at the site in vehicles that contain only the asbestos waste and only
after advance notification by the generator.

Once the hauler brings the asbestos to the landfill, the hauler will be
directed to the designated asbestos disposal area by facility staff. The
designated disposal area will be prepared by facility staff by leveling a
small area using a dozer or loader. Prior to disposal, the landfill
operators will stockpile cover soil near the designated asbestos disposal
area. The volume of soil stockpiled will be sufficient to cover the waste
and to provide any berms, etc. to maintain temporary separation from
other landfill traffic.

Once placed in the prepared area, the asbestos waste will be covered with
a minimum of 18 inches of cover soil placed in a single lift. The surface of
the cover soil will be compacted and graded using a tracked dozer or

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loader. The landfill compactor will be prohibited from operating over
asbestos disposal areas until at least 18 inches of cover is in-place.

The facility staff will record the approximate location and elevation of the
asbestos waste once cover is in-place (typically using a GPS device). The
Solid Waste Manager will then review pertinent disposal and location
information to assure compliance with regulatory requirements and enter
the information into the Operating Record.

Once disposal and recording for asbestos waste is completed, the
disposal area may be covered with waste. No excavation into designated
asbestos disposal areas will be permitted.

2.4.4.2 Animal Carcasses (Animal Waste Disposal Area or Tr. Station)
The disposal of animal carcasses within the animal waste disposal area
will be handled as follows:

 The generator of the carcass(es) must call in advance to the
facility, and a determination will be made as to whether or not the
carcass(es) will be accepted.
 If approved, the generator will present the carcass(es) at a
predetermined time.
 An area for disposal will already have been prepared and the
waste will be covered immediately with three (3) feet of soil.

Animal carcasses will be handled at the transfer station as follows:

 Carcasses will have been bagged prior to arrival.
 Upon arrival the bagged carcasses will be immediately loaded into
a transfer trailer.

2.4.5 Daily or Periodic Cover
2.4.5.1 C&D Landfill Units
At the completion of waste placement each week, or sooner if the area of
exposed waste exceeds one-half acre in size, a 6-inch layer of earthen
material or other material as approved by the DWM will be placed over
the exposed waste. Cover will be placed at more frequent intervals if
necessary to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and
scavenging.

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2.4.5.2 Ash Monofill
Due to the nature of the waste placed in this landfill unit, no periodic soil
cover is required.

2.4.6 Alternate Daily Cover
Alternate daily cover (ADC) materials/methods may be used upon approval by the
DWM. Materials and corresponding methods that have been approved for use at
other facilities may be used upon notification of the DWM (see Section 1.1.2).
Materials/methods which have not been approved for use at other facilities will
require a demonstration period prior to approval.

2.4.7 Intermediate Cover
2.4.7.1 C&D Landfill Units
A 12-inch layer of soil cover should be placed on all waste surfaces that
have not received waste in 30 days but are below final elevation. This
intermediate cover should be seeded immediately and graded such that
all precipitation run-off is channeled to the surface water systems.

2.4.7.2 Ash Monofill
Upon reaching final grades on outer slopes, a 12-inch layer of soil cover
will be placed over the ash. This intermediate cover should be seeded
immediately and graded such that all precipitation run-off is channeled to
the surface water systems.

2.4.8 Height Monitoring
Periodically, the facility staff will monitor landfill top and side slope elevations
with a level. When such elevations approach design grades, the final top-of-
waste grades will be staked to limit over-placement of waste.

2.5 Transfer Station Operations
The transfer station is located at the north end of the facility (see Figure 1). The
operation of the transfer station is as described below. See Figures 2A and 2B for the
floor plan and details (transfer station loading bay/floor drain and leachate storage
tank), respectively.

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2.5.1 Waste Receipt
All wastes received for processing at the transfer station will have been weighed-
in and visually inspected by scale house personnel (see Section 2.3). Vehicles to
be unloaded on the tipping floor will be directed by the waste spotter to back into
the transfer station building and unload onto the tipping floor.

The transfer station typically receives an average of approximately 30 to 60 tons
per day based on annual waste acceptance records. Actual daily amounts may
vary outside of this range but future average values are anticipated to be similar.

2.5.2 Tipping Floor Operations
Unloaded wastes will be visually inspected on the tipping floor (see Section 2.3).
Acceptable waste will be loaded into an awaiting open-top transfer trailer in the
loading bay (lower floor of the building). The building has push walls on either
side of the tipping floor to aid operations staff in pushing waste through the
loading chute located above the loading bay.

2.5.3 Container Loading and Transport
The waste loaded into each transfer trailer should be placed to eliminate
excessive voids, irregularities, and protruding wastes to the extent possible.
Each loaded trailer will be immediately covered with a tarp prior to leaving the
loading bay. Any partially loaded trailer will be left in the loading bay. The
movement of trailers on the site is the responsibility of the County. The
movement of trailers to and from the site is the responsibility of either the
County or a contracted transfer trucking firm.

Once loaded, trailers will be moved from the loading bay to await transport to a
disposal facility (currently the East Carolina Regional Landfill in Bertie County,
NC - NC Solid Waste Permit No. 08-03). The disposal facility will be
appropriately permitted to receive waste from the transfer station’s service area.
Waste can be stored in covered containers at the facility after hours, but no
longer than 48 hours.

2.5.4 Equipment Operations Within the Transfer Station
Equipment operations will be carried out in a safe manner to avoid damage to the
structure and transport vehicles.

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2.5.5 Daily Cleaning
Daily cleaning will be used to control the potential for disease vectors, fire,
odors, blowing litter, and scavenging. Any waste remaining on the tipping floor at
the end of each day will be placed into a transfer trailer and the partially filled
trailer will be covered overnight with a tarp. Additionally, the tipping floor will be
swept clean and rinsed with water at the end of each working day. Wash-down
water, which becomes leachate upon contact with waste or waste residue, will be
directed toward the drain located in the loading bay. From the drain, the wash-
down water flows to a concrete storage tank located to the southeast of the
building (see Section 3.2.1 for management of leachate at the transfer station).

2.5.6 Weekly Cleaning
A thorough cleaning of the transfer station (tipping floor, push walls, and loading
bay) and waste handling equipment using water will be performed on a weekly
basis. Cleaning agents may be used but must not be harmful to the concrete
flooring or other surfaces which will be contacted.

2.6 Wood Waste Processing Area Operations
A wood waste processing are is located to the east of the existing Area 1 C&D landfill
unit (see Figure 1). The operation of the wood waste processing area is as follows:

 Acceptable wood and yard wastes are stockpiled in windrows with a maximum
height of 15 feet and width of 50 feet. Sufficient space is provided between
windrows to allow equipment access in case of fire and the windrows are kept a
minimum of 50 feet from the property line.
 Once sufficient material is accumulated at the site, a contractor is brought in to
grind the waste. This typically occurs 2 times per year.
 Once the waste is ground and becomes mulch, it is either hauled off-site (for use
as boiler fuel), used around the site (primarily for surface stabilization), or placed
in windrows (with similar maximum dimensions to pre-processed materials) to
be used in the future at the site. Typically, approximately 4,000 tons of material
is ground each year.

Unacceptable wastes found in this area, if not otherwise prohibited, will be routed to
either the active C&D landfill unit or transfer station as appropriate.

Should the County decide to provide ground wood/yard waste to the public, the County
will follow the requirements for a Small Type 1 Compost facility (under 15A NCAC
13B.1402 (g)(3)) including notification of the DWM (see Section 1.1.2) and operation in
accordance with requirements of 15A NCAC 13B.1406.

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2.7 White Goods Handling Area
A white goods handling area is located to the east of the existing Area 1 C&D landfill unit
(see Figure 1). The operation of the white goods handling area is as follows:

 County personnel segregate materials suspected of containing
chloroflourocarbon (CFC) refrigerants (i.e. refrigerators, freezers, and air
conditioners containing Freon), and set aside to minimize the potential for
damage prior to CFC removal.
 Other white goods and scrap metal are stockpiled up to about 10 feet high over
an approximate 100 foot by 100 foot area.
 Once the stockpile reaches capacity (typically every 2 to 3 months), a recycler
removes any CFC refrigerants (from applicable previously segregated materials)
and hauls the white goods and scrap metal off-site to be recycled.

2.8 Used Tire Storage Area
Used tires are collected at an area near the landfill scale house (see Figure 1) and
placed in up to three tire trailers. Once one or more trailers are full, the trailer(s) are
picked up by a recycling contractor.

2.9 Used Pesticide Container Storage Area
A sheltered storage area is located near the landfill office/maintenance building (see
Figure 1) for used pesticide containers from local agricultural sources. Once
approximately 5,000 containers have been collected, a recycling contractor grinds the
containers, bags the ground plastic, and transports the plastic for recycling.

2.10 Material Recovery
The County may elect to perform some material recovery at the facility for purposes of
recycling and reuse. It is anticipated that most of the materials to be recovered will
arrive at the facility as C&D waste. Thus, MSW will not be processed.

General procedures for material recovery will be as follows:

1. Staff will separate materials to be recovered near the active face of the landfill.

2. Only the following materials may be recovered:

 Non-treated, non-painted clean wood (lumber);
 Pallets (damaged and un-damaged);
 Cardboard;
 Metal (ferrous and non-ferrous);
 Brick and block (undamaged and un-painted); and

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 Concrete (non-asphaltic).

3. Materials to be recovered may be stockpiled within the current limits of the C&D
landfill, placed with similar materials stockpiled elsewhere (i.e. scrap metal), or
placed in containers. Brick and block and concrete may be stockpiled until a
load is generated; it is used as on-site as beneficial fill; or it is removed from the
site for sale as fill, aggregate, etc.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 2.0 Waste Handling Operations Page 28

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Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 3.0 Environmental Management Page 29
3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
This section reviews the overall environmental management tasks required for the successful
operation of the facility.

3.1 Surface Water Control
As used herein, the definition of “surface water” is water which results from
precipitation or site run-on that has not contacted the waste.

Proper control of surface water at the facility will accomplish the following goals:

 Minimize the potential for the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United
States, including wetlands (point or non-point sources);
 Prevent the run-on of surface water into the landfill unit(s) or the transfer
station;
 Prevent the run-off of surface water that has come into contact with the waste
(i.e. leachate);
 Limit the erosion caused by surface waters;
 Limit sediments carried off-site by surface waters; and
 Maximize the SEPARATION of SURFACE water from LEACHATE.

Separate erosion and sedimentation control plans have been provided for the various
landfill units and other site activities. These plans describe both short and long term
engineered features and practices for preventing erosion and controlling sedimentation
at this site. The following is a brief discussion of some of these features and practices,
focusing more on the landfill units.

3.1.1 Surface Water Run-On Control
The perimeter berms and/or perimeter channels around the landfill unit(s) are
designed to prevent the run-on of surface water from adjacent land into the
landfill. Additional structures such as diversion berms, channels, down pipes,
etc. carry surface water away from the landfill units.

Likewise for the transfer station, the potential for run-on of surface water is
minimized by use of a roof over the tipping and loading bay floors and exterior
grades which slope away from the transfer station building.

3.1.2 Erosion Control
The serviceability of the landfill relies heavily on soil berms, barrier layers, and
agricultural layers that are readily eroded by flowing water. Erosion control
provisions incorporated in the landfill include the following:

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 3.0 Environmental Management Page 30
 The slope of the working face should typically be no steeper than 5H:1V
where practical to limit erosion of the daily/periodic cover.
 Intermediate cover that has been exposed for more than 30 days must be
seeded immediately and repaired when erosion features are identified.
 Drainage breaks (diversion berms, rain gutters, etc.) are provided on the
final cover to limit the flow length of run-off.
 Water collected by each drainage break is routed to stormwater drainage
channels or down pipes so that the run-off volume does not accumulate
going down the slope.
 The vegetative soil layer placed over the final cover must be seeded
immediately.

Additional erosion control measures have been taken within the drainage
channels and at points of stormwater discharge. All final cover should be
inspected regularly for erosion damage and promptly repaired. Revegetation
should be performed in accordance with the requirements of the applicable
erosion and sedimentation control plan and/or the NC Erosion and
Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Manual2.

3.1.3 Sedimentation Control
Stormwater run-off from the landfill unit(s) is conveyed to one of the on-site
sediment basins and/or traps. These basins and/or traps should be inspected
regularly for sediment build-up or erosion damage. The basins and/or traps
should be cleaned out when sediment fills the lower half of the basin. Sediments
removed may be stockpiled within an active borrow area to dry (if needed) prior
to use at the site.

3.1.4 NPDES Requirements
The County will follow the requirements of applicable National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements for the site.
Requirements include periodic inspections, qualitative monitoring, and sampling
of stormwater discharge points. The County will keep records of all inspections,
monitoring, and sampling activities (including any test results) in the operating
record.

2 NC Division of Land Resources (Current Update), North Carolina Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design
Manual, NCDENR - Division of Land Resources - Land Quality Section, Raleigh, NC.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 3.0 Environmental Management Page 31
3.2 Leachate Management
3.2.1 Transfer Station
All wash-down water which comes into contact with the waste, tipping floor,
loading bay floor, or waste handling equipment will be treated as leachate.
Wash-down water, which is collected in floor drain in the loading bay and flows to
a concrete storage tank located to the southeast of the building. The floor drain
will be visually inspected during routine cleaning activities. If there is evidence
that the drains are not working properly the County will initiate the necessary
maintenance activities.

The leachate storage tank level will be checked at least once per week. The tank
will be pumped out whenever the tank approaches full capacity (typically
quarterly or more frequently if larger storms are forecast). The leachate will
then be hauled to an approved wastewater treatment plant for treatment and
disposal. The tank will be routinely inspected. If there is evidence that the tank
is not functioning properly, the County will initiate the necessary maintenance
actions.

It is anticipated that any leachate volume outside the building or leachate storage
tank will be minor (i.e. no more than a few gallons - such as the case of a leaky
fitting during loading of leachate that is quickly repaired). In the event of a larger
spill, the DWM will be verbally notified (see Section 1.1.2). All spills will be
contained as much as practical by facility staff (using excavation, soil berms,
cleanup agents/material, or other means) and the leachate and spent
containment material will be properly disposed of.

3.2.1.1 Record Keeping
Records of leachate hauled from the transfer station will be placed in the
facility operating record as described in Section 1.12.

3.2.2 Leachate Seeps
Leachate seeps can occur due to a variety of circumstances. The goal in dealing
with leachate seeps is to prevent seepage from leaving the limits of waste
disposal areas and to minimize the potential for reoccurrence. If evidence of
leachate seeps is observed, the County will take the following actions.
Depending on the circumstances, various combinations of actions may be
appropriate.

1. If leachate is observed outside of the limits of waste disposal
areas, notify the DWM (see Section 1.1.2).
2. Contain the flow of leachate using soil berms and/or excavation.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 3.0 Environmental Management Page 32
3. Excavate the area of seepage to attempt to allow flow into the
underlying waste (i.e. break-up soil layers that may be causing the
seep.).
4. For contained leachate that will not flow into underlying waste, a
pump may be required to route the leachate to an existing
leachate collection system cleanout pipe and/or gravel column
(ash monofill) or to a tanker truck.
5. For the lined ash monofill, French drains may be utilized for
routing the seepage to the leachate collection system (via
cleanout pipes and/or gravel columns).
6. The use of soil (particularly clay) to plug the seepage may also be
successful in the case where flows are minor.
7. Remove and dispose of impacted cover soils accordingly.
8. Repair/regrade landfill cover as necessary.

3.2.3 Leachate Contingency Plan
In the event that leachate levels within the existing leachate sumps or tanks
approach their capacity, the County will initiate pump and haul operations or
other actions to minimize the potential for a leachate release.

In the event that of a leachate release the County will take immediate measures
to control, contain, and recover the discharged leachate. The DWM will also be
verbally notified (see Section 1.1.2) as soon as practical. Written documentation
describing the events of the leachate release, the actions carried out to remove
the discharged leachate, and a strategy for preventing future occurrences will be
provided to the DWM within 30 days following any such occurrence.

3.3 Water Quality Monitoring
The monitoring program and procedures outlined in the current water quality
monitoring plan(s) will be followed for the monitoring of site groundwater monitoring
wells and surface water monitoring locations.

3.3.1 Record Keeping
Documentation of the water quality monitoring program will be placed in the
facility operating record as described in Section 1.12.

3.4 Landfill Gas (LFG) Management
Landfill gas (LFG) generated from the landfill units will be vented using passive vents
placed at the time of closure. Refer to the appropriate permit application for details of
these vents.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 3.0 Environmental Management Page 33
3.5 Landfill Gas (LFG) Monitoring
The County will implement a routine landfill gas (LFG) monitoring program to ensure
that methane concentrations do not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL)
(1.25% methane (CH4)) in facility structures, or 100 percent of the LEL (5% CH4) at
property boundaries. LFG monitoring activities and remedial actions for concentrations
exceeding these requirements will be in accordance with the current landfill gas
monitoring plan(s).

3.5.1 Record Keeping
Results of LFG monitoring and description of any remedial measures will be
placed in the facility operating record as described in Section 1.12.

3.6 Vector Control
3.6.1 Transfer Station
Control of insects, rodents, and birds will be accomplished by regular cleaning of
the transfer station and the control of litter. If vector control becomes a
problem, additional measures will be taken to ensure the protection of human
health.

3.6.2 C&D Landfill Units and Ash Monofill
Due to the nature of the waste disposed in these landfill units, vector control is
not anticipated to be of concern. Note that the use of periodic cover in the C&D
landfill units will discourage animals from nesting in the waste.

3.7 Litter Control
The vegetative trees/bushes act as a barrier to keep litter contained within the site and a
litter control crew will pick up litter around the site and on access roads daily as
necessary. Wind screens adjacent to active areas may be used as practical to control
windblown waste. Additionally, facility staff will make operational changes as practical
based on wind conditions that may spread litter.

3.8 Odor Control
3.8.1 Transfer Station
Odorous or potentially odorous materials will be pushed into a transfer trailer
and covered as soon as possible to avoid odor problems. Additionally, regular
cleaning of the transfer station will help minimize the potential for odor

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 3.0 Environmental Management Page 34
problems. If odor control becomes a problem, additional measures will be taken
to ensure odor control.

3.8.2 C&D Landfill Units and Ash Monofill
Due to the nature of the waste disposed in these landfill units, odor control is not
anticipated to be of concern. However, if odor control becomes a problem,
additional measures (such as additional cover over wastes such as drywall) will
be taken to ensure odor control.

3.9 Dust Control
Dust related to waste hauler traffic on the access roads will be minimized by using a
water truck to limit dust on the gravel portions of site roads. Dust generated by
excavation of cover soil will be limited by watering the cut soil areas if accessible to the
water truck. The source of water is from the County’s water line and/or from one of the
site sediment basins.

3.10 Air Quality
The County will follow all air quality requirements which are applicable to the landfill
facility. This includes applicable requirements developed under a State Implementation
Plan (SIP) approved or promulgated by the U.S. EPA Administrator pursuant to Section
110 of the Clean Air Act.

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION
PERMIT ISSUE
PROJECT TITLE:
DRAWING TITLE:
REV.DATE DESCRIPTION
DESIGNED:
DRAWN:
APPROVED:
PROJECT NO:
SCALE:
FILENAME:
PREPARED BY:
PREPARED FOR:
SHEET NUMBER:DRAWING NUMBER:
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14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603
NC LIC. NO. C-0828 (ENGINEERING)
919.828.0577
Electronic files are instruments of service provided by Smith
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HALIFAX COUNTY
NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF
PUBLIC UTILITIES

HALIFAX COUNTY
LANDFILL FACILITY
CONTINUED OPERATIONS

EXISTING AND PROPOSED
LANDFILL UNITS
AND SOLID WASTE MANAGMENT
ACTIVITIES

P.K.S.
J.A.L.
HALIFAX 12-1
AS SHOWN
JAN. 2016
HALI-D0297
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Appendix A
Fire Occurrence Notification Form

Operations Manual
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY
FIRE OCCURRENCE NOTIFICATION
NC DENR Division of Waste Management
Solid Waste Section
Notify the Section verbally within 24 hours and submit written notification within 15 days of the occurrence.
(If additional space is needed, use back of this form.)
NAME OF FACILITY:PERMIT #
DATE AND TIME OF FIRE:@
HOW WAS THE FIRE REPORTED AND BY WHOM:
LIST ACTIONS TAKEN:
WHAT WAS THE CAUSE OF THE FIRE:
DESCRIBE AREA, TYPE, AND AMOUNT OF WASTE INVOLVED:
WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN DONE TO PREVENT THIS FIRE:
DESCRIBE PLAN OF ACTIONS TO PREVENT FUTURE INCIDENTS:
NAME:TITLE:DATE:
***********************************************************************************************************
THIS SECTION TO BE COMPLETED BY SOLID WASTE SECTION REGIONAL STAFF
DATE RECEIVED _________________________________
List any factors not listed that might have contributed to the fire or that might prevent occurrence of future fires:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FOLLOW-UP REQUIRED:
NO PHONE CALL SUBMITTAL MEETING RETURN VISIT BY:____________________ (DATE)
ACTIONS TAKEN OR REQUIRED:
Revised 6/8/09

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Appendix B
Paint Filter Liquids Test

Operations Manual
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

This page intentionally left blank.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 Appendix B: Paint Filter Liquids Test PageB1
METHOD 9095
PAINT FILTER LIQUIDS TEST
From EPA SW-846

1.0 Scope and Application

1.1 This method is used to determine the presence of free liquids in a representative
sample of waste.

1.2 The method is used to determine compliance with 40 CFR 264.314 and 265.314.

2.0 Summary of Method

2.1 A predetermined amount of material is placed in a paint filter. If any portion of
the material passes through and drops from the filter within the 5 minute test
period, the material is deemed to contain free liquids.

3.0 Interferences

3.1 Filter media were observed to separate from the filter cone on exposure to
alkaline materials. This development causes no problem if the sample is not
disturbed.

4.0 Apparatus and Materials

4.1 Conical paint filter: Mesh number 60 (fine meshed size). Available at local paint
stores such as Sherwin-Williams and Glidden for an approximate cost of $0.07
each.

4.2 Glass funnel: If the paint filter, with the waste, cannot sustain its weight on the
ring stand, then a fluted glass funnel or glass funnel with a mouth large enough
to allow at least 1 inch of the filter mesh to protrude should be used to support
the filter. The funnel is to be fluted or have a large open mouth in order to
support the paint filter yet not interfere with the movement, to the graduated
cylinder, of the liquid that passes through the filter mesh.

4.3 Ring stand and ring or tripod.

4.4 Graduated cylinder or beaker: 100-mL.

5.0 Reagents

5.1 None.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 Appendix B: Paint Filter Liquids Test PageB2
6.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

6.1 All samples must be collected according to the directions in Chapter Nine of EPA
SW-846.

6.2 A 100 mL or 100 g representative sample is required for the test. If it is not
possible to obtain a sample of 100 mL or 100 g that is sufficiently representative
of the waste, the analyst may use larger size samples in multiples of 100 mL or
100 g, i.e., 200, 300, 400 mL or g. However, when larger samples are used,
analysts shall divide the sample into 100-mL or 100-g portions and test each
portion separately. If any portion contains free liquids, the entire sample is
considered to have free liquids.

7.0 Procedure

7.1 Assemble test apparatus as shown in Figure 1.

7.2 Place sample in the filter. A funnel may be used to provide support for the paint
filter.

7.3 Allow sample to drain for 5 minutes into the graduated cylinder.

7.4 If any portion of the test material collects in the graduated cylinder in the 5-min.
period, then the material is deemed to contain free liquids for purposes of 40
CFR 264.314 and 265.314.

8.0 Quality Control

8.1 Duplicate samples should be analyzed on a routine basis.

9.0 Method Performance

9.1 No data provided.

10.0 References

10.1 None required.

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 Appendix B: Paint Filter Liquids Test PageB3

Halifax County Landfill Facility Operations Manual
February 2016 Appendix B: Paint Filter Liquids Test PageB4

Appendix C
Waste Screening Form

Operations Manual
Halifax County Landfill Facility
Halifax County, North Carolina

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Halifax County Landfill Facility
Permit No. 42-04
[phone]

WASTE SCREENING FORM

Day / Date: Time Weighed in:
Truck Owner: Driver Name:
Truck Type: Vehicle ID / Tag No:
Weight: Tare:
Waste Generator / Source:

Reason Load Inspected: Random Inspection Staff Initials
Detained at Scales Staff Initials
Detained by Operating Staff Staff Initials

Inspection Location:

Approved Waste Determination Form Present? Yes No N/A

Description of Load:

Load Accepted (signature) Date
Load Not Accepted (signature) Date

Reason Load Not Accepted (complete only if load not accepted)

Description of Suspicious Contents:
Color: Hazardous Waste Markings:
Texture:
Drums Present: Smell:
Est. Cubic Yards in Load:
Est. Tons in Load:

Halifax County Emergency Management Contacted? Yes No

Company or Authority Contacted?
Hazardous Materials Present:

Hauler Notified (if waste not accepted) Phone: Time Contacted:
Other Observations:

Final Disposition
Signed: Date
Waste Screening Inspector or Solid Waste Manager

Attach related correspondence to this form.
File completed form in Operating Record.