SF_F_NCD982095093_20230918_FRB_PASI(1)

September 18, 2023
Ms. Sandra Bramble, RPM
Superfund Restoration and Site Evaluation Section
Superfund and Emergency Management Division
US EPA Region IV
61 Forsyth Street SW, 11th Floor
Atlanta, GA 30303
Subject: Site Reassessment Report (SRAR)
Jay’s Cleaners (a.k.a., Jay’s Dry Cleaning)
NCD 982 095 093
Kannapolis, Rowan County, NC
Dear Ms. Bramble:
Enclosed is the Site Reassessment report (SRAR) for the above referenced site. The NC Superfund
Section conducted this SRAR to address site investigation and changes in site NC regulatory status
subsequent to completion of the March 31, 2020 Pre-CERCLA Screening Assessment (PCS) of
the site. The PCS had recommended addition to SEMS but noted that the NC Superfund Section
Inactive Hazardous Branch (IHSB) planned to conduct subsurface intrusion (SsI) investigation at
the site. Subsequent to completion of the IHSB investigation, the current site owner petitioned and
was accepted into the NC Dry-Cleaning Solvent Cleanup Act (DSCA) Program in 2021.
Based on the SRAR findings, this site is recommended for no further remedial action planned
(NFRAP) designation under CERCLA. If you have any questions, please contact me at
[e-mail].
Sincerely,
_______________, ______________________,
Stuart F. Parker, Date Qu, Qi, Head
_______
Date
Hydrogeologist Site Evaluation &
NC Superfund Section Removal Branch
NC Superfund Section
cc: File
9/18/20239/18/2023
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management
Superfund Section
SITE REASSESSMENT
REPORT (SRAR)
JAY’S CLEANERS SITE
NCD 982 095 093
Kannapolis, Rowan County, NC
September 2023
Stuart F. Parker Qu Qi
Hydrogeologist Federal Remediation Branch
Head
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1
2.0 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION, AND OPERATIONAL AND REGULATORY
HISTORY, AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS .........................................................................1
2.1 Site Location and Description ..................................................................................1
2.2 Operational History .................................................................................................1
2.3 Regulatory History ..................................................................................................2
2.4 Sources and Waste Characteristics .........................................................................3
3.0 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS .......................................................................................3
4.0 GROUNDWATER MIGRATION PATHWAY .................................................................5
4.1 Hydrogeologic Setting .............................................................................................5
4.2 Groundwater Pathway Targets .................................................................................5
4.3 Groundwater Pathway Sampling and Results ..........................................................6
4.4 Groundwater Conclusions ........................................................................................7
5.0 SURFACE WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY ...............................................................7
5.1 Hydrologic Setting ...................................................................................................7
5.2 Surface Water Pathway Targets ...............................................................................7
5.3 Surface Water Pathway Sampling and Results ........................................................7
5.4 Surface Water Conclusions ......................................................................................7
6.0 SOIL EXPOSURE AND SUBSURFACE INTRUSION PATHWAYS .............................8
6.1 Land Use ..................................................................................................................8
6.2 Subsurface Intrusion Sampling and Results ............................................................8
6.3 Subsurface Intrusion Targets .................................................................................10
6.4 Soil Exposure and Subsurface Intrusion Conclusions ...........................................10
7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................10
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Site Location
Figure 2: Site Layout
Figure 3A: AECOM 2023 Figure 3: Soil Quality Summary Map
Figure 3B: AECOM 2021 Figure 7: Passive Soil-Gas Isoconcentration Map
Figure 3C: AECOM 2023 Figure 6: Vapor & Indoor Air Quality Summary Map
Figure 3D: AECOM 2023 Figure 5: Groundwater Quality Map
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS
Photo 1: Site Street-level View, July 2021
Photo 2: Site Street-level View, October 2022
Photo 3: Site Street-level View, July 2023
Photo 4: Site Street-level View, July 2023
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The site is a former dry-cleaning facility located on North Main Street in Kannapolis,
Rowan County, NC. The facility operated from the 1970s until approximately 2005. Following
an anonymous complaint in 2004, the City notified the NC Hazardous Waste Section of possible
improper disposal of hazardous materials at the facility. Upon visiting the site, State inspectors
observed improperly secured containers of the dry-cleaning solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE).
Following contractor removal of the material, PCE contamination was detected in on-site soil,
approximately one ton of which was subsequently removed from the site in May 2005. By this
time, the site had ceased operations.
In 2019, sampling by the NC Superfund Section Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB)
confirmed the presence of on-site groundwater contamination by chlorinated volatile organic
compounds (cVOCs). In 2020, during an off-site pre-development environmental site assessment,
PCE and trichloroethene (TCE) were detected in groundwater, indicating off-site contaminant
migration toward a residential neighborhood located southwest of the former Jay’s Cleaners
facility.
In order to address the potential for subsurface intrusion of cVOCs to occupied structures,
the NC Superfund Section completed a Pre-CERCLA Screening Assessment (PCS) in March 2020.
The PCS report recommended addition of the site to the EPA Superfund Enterprise Management
System (SEMS), but recommended deferral of additional CERCLA investigation due to pending
further investigation by the NC IHSB, and the current site owner’s eligibility to enter the NC Dry-
Cleaning Solvent Cleanup Act (DSCA) program (DSCA). The site was subsequently admitted to
the DSCA program.
In 2020, IHSB contractors conducted a two-phase soil gas and groundwater investigation
at the site and in the neighborhood to the west/southwest, including limited sub-slab soil gas, crawl
space and ambient air, and groundwater sampling (including two nearby residential drinking water
wells). Results indicated the presence of cVOCs in groundwater and soil gas samples, and in one
on-site crawl-space air sample at the site. Some of the groundwater and soil gas results exceeded
applicable screening concentrations.
In 2021, the property owner petitioned and was accepted into the NCDEQ DSCA Program.
As an initial step, DSCA contractor prepared a Phase I prioritization assessment report that
summarized previous investigations to date and provided recommendations for additional
assessment to delineate soil and groundwater contamination at and in the vicinity of the site and
evaluate potential vapor intrusion risks. In June and August 2022, DSCA contractors conducted a
Phase II prioritization assessment, completing additional soil borings, monitoring wells, and
temporary soil gas sampling points at the site and at downgradient locations to the west and
southwest of the site. Future assessment and remediation activities will be conducted under the
purview of the NCDEQ DSCA Program.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Under authority of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986 (SARA), the North Carolina Superfund Section conducted a Site Reassessment (SRA) at the
Jay’s Cleaners site in Kannapolis, Rowan County, North Carolina (NC). The purpose of this
investigation was to collect information concerning conditions at the site sufficient to assess the
threat posed to human health and the environment and to determine the need for additional
CERCLA/SARA or other appropriate action.
The scope of the SRA was to 1) summarize/update investigations and changes in the site’s
NC regulatory Status that have occurred after the NC Superfund Program’s (March 2020) Pre-
CERCLA Screening Assessment (PCS), and 2) evaluate the need for further action under
CERCLA, based on current site conditions and regulatory status. Sampling activities were not
conducted during this SRA. All analytical results discussed are from previous investigations
conducted at and in the vicinity of the site.
2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION, OPERATIONAL AND REGULATORY
HISTORY, AND SOURCES AND WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Site Location and Description:
The site is located at 1803 North Main Street (NC Business 29) in Kannapolis, NC (28081).
Site Geographic Coordinates are 35.5199o north latitude and -80.6148o west longitude.
Commercially used properties border the site property to the north and south and commercial and
vacant properties lie across the street to the east. The neighborhood to the west, behind the site
property, is single-home residential, with planned redevelopment to the southwest along West 18th Street into Baker's Creek, a higher density, mixed-housing subdivision (References [Refs.]
2; 3; 5; 30) (see Figures 1; 2; 3A to 3D).
The site property consists of a 0.29-acre lot containing an approximately 2500 square
foot, single-story commercial structure. On its north side, the structure abuts a similar-sized
commercial structure on the adjacent, separately owned retail property. The remainder of the site
property is paved or covered by lawn (Refs. 2; 3; 5) (see Figure 2).
2.2 Operational History:
The site originally operated as Jay’s One-hour Cleaners during the late 1970s and was later
known as “Jay’s Cleaners” and referred to by state regulators as “Jay’s Dry Cleaning”. The
owner/operator passed away in 2003, and his heirs took over the facility for the remainder of
operations. The facility discontinued operations in late 2004/early 2005. A fire heavily damaged
the adjoining structure to the north, which was subsequently repaired. The site property, ownership
of which had been divided between four designated heirs, was sold to the current owner in October
2011. Since at least 2019, the structure and neighboring property to the south have not been
regularly inhabited, and the structure to the south (1801 North Main Street) was removed at some
time between July 2021 and October 2022 (Refs. 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7) (see Photos 1 to 4).
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2.3 Regulatory History:
On June 5, 1987, Jay’s One Hour Cleaners submitted a Notification of Hazardous Waste
Activity form that identified waste generated at the facility as F002 (spent halogenated solvents
including tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene (TCE), methylene chloride among others and still
bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents). On June 25, 1987, the facility was registered
with the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NC DENR) (now NC
Department of Environmental Quality [DEQ]) Hazardous Waste Section (HWS) as a Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Small Quantity Generator (conditionally exempt) and
was issued EPA Identification Number (ID) NCD982095093 (Ref. 7).
In August 2004, the City of Kannapolis Public Works Department notified the NC HWS
Section of an anonymous complaint that alleged improper disposal of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and
other chemicals by the operating Jay’s Cleaners facility. HWS representatives visited the site and
met with the daughter of the (deceased) former owner, who had taken over operations during recent
months. During the inspection, HWS personnel observed four 20-gallon plastic containers stored
in an uncovered outdoor area behind the building. Three of the containers were full of PCE and
the fourth contained a small amount liquid. Two waste carbon filters were also visible in one
container. The container lids were not secured, and the inspector noted apparent spillage/overflow
(Refs. 4; 6).
In September 2004, the HWS issued an Immediate Action Notice of Violation (NOV) for
failure to characterize material as hazardous waste and improper disposal of hazardous waste. Jay’s
Cleaners was directed to come into compliance when storing or disposing hazardous material and
to submit plans to characterize site contamination, including source, extent, fate/transport,
migration pathways and potential receptors (Ref. 8). Subsequently in September 2004, Safety-
Kleen, on behalf of the property owner, removed the accumulated PCE wastes from the site
property. On September 29, 2004, with HWS personnel present, the site owners collected a surface
soil sample in the former storage area for VOC analysis. Sample analysis revealed PCE at 63
micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg) (Refs. 4; 9).
In late 2004, the Executrix of the Estate (the deceased owner’s daughter) applied to the NC
Dry Cleaning Solvent Cleanup program (DSCA). The program denied admittance in early 2005,
based on the site’s regulatory compliance violations (Ref. 9).
On May 18, 2005, contractors working for the site owner excavated and containerized
2,300 pounds (four 55-gallon drums) of contaminated soil. A confirmatory soil sample from the
excavation contained a higher PCE concentration (520 μg/kg) than in the previously collected
surface soil sample. The confirmatory sample also contained methylene chloride at 14 μg/kg. By
that time, the owner had discontinued site operations (Ref. 9).
On June 20, 2005, The NC HWS referred the site to the NC Superfund Section Inactive
Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB) for oversight of site cleanup activities. HWS personnel also
completed a RCRA Re-Inspection report the following month. The IHSB added the site to their
inventory in September 2005 (Ref. 10).
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In April/May 2006, having received no response from the site owner for 6 months, the
IHSB referred the site to the NC Superfund Site Evaluation and Removal Branch (SERB) for
potential addition to the EPA CERCLIS inventory. Based on a review of the site information at
that time, the SERB determined that the site did not warrant addition (Ref. 12). The IHSB oversaw
several investigations that documented releases from the site and impacts in the site vicinity (Refs.
4; 13; 14; 25; 29).
In February 2021, the site owner petitioned for entry into the NC DSCA Program and was
approved (DSCA Site ID DC800011) following submittal of a December 2021 Phase I
Prioritization Assessment Report to the DSCA program(Refs. 4; 27; 28).
2.4 Sources and Waste Characteristics
Site soil and groundwater contamination likely originated from improper storage of used
PCE dry-cleaning solvent and PCE contaminated carbon filters. PCE infiltrated to the surficial
groundwater aquifer either as dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) or was leached from
contaminated soil by infiltrating precipitation. PCE and its transformation products are present in
localized contaminated soil and in groundwater extending from the site property downgradient
(west) beneath the adjacent residential neighborhood (Figures 3A; 3B; 3C). Structures overlying
areas of contaminated groundwater, soil or soil gas are subject to potential subsurface intrusion by
cVOCs. No waste/source sampling was conducted as part of the 2020 PCS or the current SRA.
3.0 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS
In December 2019, the NC Superfund IHSB conducted an on-site soil and groundwater
investigation. State contractors completed seven 5-foot-deep soil borings along the back (west)
side of the site structure and installed monitoring wells in borings at the site and on the parcel to
the immediate north. Monitoring well depths ranged from 38 to 40 feet below ground surface (bgs).
Three soil samples were collected from two soil borings and one well location on December 2 and
5, 2019, and three groundwater samples (plus a duplicate) were collected from the monitoring
wells on December 6, 2019 (Refs. 4; 13; 30)(see Figure 3A).
In December 2019 and January 2020, contractors for a real estate developer conducted a
limited phase II environmental site assessment for Bakers Creek, a residential development
planned to the west and southwest of the site and adjacent residential neighborhood. The
assessment included the collection of two subsurface soil samples, installation and sampling of
five temporary monitoring wells (TMWs), and installation and sampling of five soil gas probes.
The TMWs and soil gas sampling points were located directly south of the Jay’s Cleaners site
property, and farther west along West 18th Street (Refs. 4; 14; 30)(see Figures 3C; 3D).
In March 2020, the NC Superfund Section completed a Pre-CERCLA Screening
Assessment (PCS) of the site. The PCS was completed to address the recent addition of the
subsurface intrusion (SsI) component to the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) as part of the soil
exposure and subsurface intrusion pathway in pre-remedial CERCLA site assessments (Ref. 1).
The PCS consisted of a review of prior investigations completed at the site. Based on the results
of these investigations, the PCS report recommended addition of the site to the Superfund
Enterprise Management System (SEMS) (Ref. 3). However, the PCS recommended deferral of
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further investigation under CERCLA due to pending further site investigation by the IHSB, and
due to the site’s eligibility to apply to the NC DSCA program after having been purchased by the
current owner in October 2011 (Refs. 3; 5; 27).
In May 2020, NC IHSB contractors conducted an outdoor and sub-slab soil gas
investigation and a limited groundwater investigation at the site. Contractors conducted passive
soil gas (PSG) sampling at four outdoor commercial locations on or adjacent to the site property,
and at twenty-three outdoor locations at residential properties along West 18th and West 19th Streets
and cross-connecting Plaza Avenue, ranging up to approximately 400 feet to the west from the site.
PSG sampling was conducted using equipment furnished by Beacon Environmental Services.
Results are summarized in Section 6.1 of this report (Refs. 4; 25) (see Figure 3B).
Concurrent with PSG sampling, IHSB contractors conducted sub-slab soil gas sampling at
the two commercial structures located immediately north and south of the site and crawl space air
sampling beneath the nearest residence, located southwest of the site. Sub-slab soil gas sampling
was conducted using 400 milliliter (ml) Summa canisters at a flow rate of less than 200 ml/minute.
Crawl space air sampling was conducted using a 6-liter Summa canister over a period of 24 hours.
Results are summarized in Section 6.1 of this report (Refs. 4; 25) (see Figure 3C).
PSG samples were analyzed for VOCs at Beacon Environmental Services using EPA
Method 8260C. Canister gas samples were analyzed at a National Environmental Laboratory
Accreditation Program (NELAP) certified laboratory using EPA Method TO-15. Targeted VOCs
included tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE),
trans-1,2-DCE, and vinyl chloride (Refs. 4; 25).
In addition to the May 2020 soil gas investigation, IHSB contractors sampled two
residential water-supply wells. The two wells had previously been identified at the west end of
West 19th Street, approximately 600 to 650 feet west-northwest of the site. Samples were analyzed
for VOCs (EPA Method 8260D) at a North Carolina-certified laboratory contracted for the project.
Results are summarized in Section 4.3 of this report (Refs. 4; 25)(see Figure 3D).
In October and November 2020, IHSB contractors returned to the site to conduct additional
on-site investigation. Contractors collected twenty-nine additional passive soil gas samples on the
site and neighboring properties to the north and south, collected three sub-slab soil gas samples
from beneath bare foundation slabs on property to the north (1809 and 1815 North Main Street),
conducted passive air sampling in the Jay’s Cleaners structure crawl space and at a background
outdoor location, and collected groundwater samples from the three on-site monitoring wells to
the west and north of the Jay’s Cleaners structure (Ref. 29)(see Figures 3B; 3C; 3D).
In February 2021, the site owner petitioned for entry into the NC DSCA Program and was
subsequently approved (DSCA Site ID DC800011). Approval followed submittal of a Phase I
Prioritization Assessmernt Report to the DSCA program in December 2021, as an initial step
toward site assessment and remediation. The prioritization assessment report summarized results
of previous investigations; identified pathway-specific receptors; calculated risk levels; and
presented a summary of recommendations for additional assessment at and in the vicinity of the
site to delineate soil and groundwater contamination above applicable screening levels and
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regulatory criteria, resampling of water supply wells, and the need to evaluate vapor intrusion risks
at selected properties (Refs. 4; 27; 28).
In June 2022, DSCA contractors conducted eight additional soil borings at the site, installed
two additional monitoring wells (70 feet and 400 feet) southwest of the site property, and installed
four temporary soil gas sampling points surrounding the Jay’s Cleaners and adjacent structures. In
August 2022, the contractor installed two additional soil gas points to the south along West 19th
Street and three soil gas points at the downgradient property line of the nearest residence to the
southwest of the site (Ref. 30)(see Figures 3A; 3C; 3D).
4.0 GROUNDWATER MIGRATION PATHWAY
4.1 Hydrogeologic Setting:
Rowan County, NC lies within the Piedmont Physiographic Province. Bedrock geology
beneath the site is mapped as Pennsylvanian and Permian biotite monzogranite, part of the
Churchland Plutonic Suite (“PPc”) within the Charlotte Geotectonic Belt (Refs. 15; 16). During
monitoring well installation at the site, explorations encountered bedrock depths ranging from 10
feet in the central portion to 20 feet at the west property line (Ref. 13). Soil beneath the site property
is mapped as Urban Land, where the natural soil profile has been disturbed by
construction/excavation (Ref. 17). On-site soil explorations encountered material ranging in
texture from sand to clayey silt (Refs. 13; 30).
Within the piedmont, the unconfined groundwater aquifer consists of an unconfined
surficial unit and fractured bedrock. The surficial unit consists of granular subsoil and partially
weathered rock consisting mainly of silty sand. The lower unit consists of saturated, interconnected
fractures within competent bedrock. The two units are typically hydraulically interconnected.
Groundwater generally migrates from upland areas with downward vertical hydraulic gradient to
perennial surface water bodies (discharge boundaries) with upward hydraulic gradient (Ref. 15).
Based on groundwater measurements from on-site monitoring wells, groundwater lies
approximately 14 to 24 feet beneath the site’s land surface and locally has a northwest horizontal
hydraulic gradient (Refs. 4; 13). However, a comprehensive comparison of groundwater elevation
and cVOC concentration data, compiled from various contractors over a greater aerial extent from
2020 through 2022, indicated a consistent west-southwest hydraulic gradient for groundwater
migration within the general vicinity of the site (Ref. 30)(see Figure 3D).
4.2 Groundwater Pathway Targets:
The site is located within the (north) corporate boundary of the City of Kannapolis (Ref.
5) (Figure 1). The site property had a municipal water account that was inactive beginning in May
2005. Most of the residential properties to the west on Plaza Avenue, West 18th Street and West
19th Street are connected to municipal water. Exceptions are the two residences at 208 and 209
West 19th Street located west-northwest of the site, which reportedly use domestic wells for their
drinking water supply (Refs. 5; 19). A water well survey completed by IHSB contractors in
November 2021 identified 49 potential water supply wells within a 0.5-mile radius of the site (Ref.
4). The nearest community water-supply well is located approximately 0.8 mile east-northeast of
the site (Ref. 20).
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4.3 Groundwater Pathway Sampling and Results:
No groundwater sampling was conducted as part of the PCS or the current SRA.
On December 6, 2019, the IHSB collected groundwater samples from the three on-site
monitoring wells. MW-1 was located at the former PCE outdoor storage area behind the site
structure. MW-2 was located to the west at the site property line. MW-3 was located to the north,
on the adjacent property parcel. Samples from MW-1 and MW-2 contained PCE, trichloroethene
(TCE), trans-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE) and cis-1,2-DCE. The MW-3 sample contained a lower
PCE concentration, and chloroform. The highest PCE concentration (64 micrograms per liter
[μg/L]) occurred in MW-1 and the highest TCE concentration (7.8 μg/L) occurred in MW-2, at the
west property line. Both concentrations exceeded their respective EPA Maximum Contaminant
Levels (MCLs) and Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) for tap water. The PCE concentration in
MW-3 and all trans- and cis- DCE concentrations in the three monitoring wells were less than their
respective EPA MCLs and RSLs (Refs. 13; 21)(see Figure 3D).
On January 2, 2020, during the Bakers Creek Site Phase II Assessment, groundwater
samples were collected from five TMWs installed on properties directly south of the site and to
the west along West 18th Street. Background TMW-1 (along South Main Street) was non-detect
for VOCs. TMWs 2, 3 and 4, located within 100 feet of the site, contained PCE concentration (up
to 43 μg/L) exceeding the MCL and RSL and TCE concentrations (up to 2.7 μg/L) exceeding the
RSL. Lower-level PCE (0.51 μg/L) was also detected in a TMW-5, located approximately 500 feet
west-southwest of the site property (Refs. 14; 21)(see Figure 3D).
In May 2020, IHSB contractors collected groundwater samples (WSW-1; WSW-2) from
the two residential wells on West 19th street, west-northwest (downgradient) of the site. One
sample contained PCE (2.57 μg/L) and TCE (0.237 J μg/L), while the other was non-detect for
cVOCs (Ref. 25) (see Figure 3C). Results from these two nearest residential wells to the site did
not exceed MCLs or Tap Water RSLs (Refs. 21; 25)(see Figure 3D).
In October 2020, IHSB contractors resampled the three monitoring wells located to the
west of the Jay’s Cleaners structure and on a property parcel to the north. The sample (and
duplicate) from MW-1 and the sample from MW-3 contained PCE and cis-1,2-DCE. The MW-2
sample contained PCE (41.7 μg/L), TCE (6.53J μg/L), cis-1,2-DCE (13.3 μg/L) and trans-1,2-
DCE (1.28 μg/L), representing the highest detected concentrations of each compound. The
maximum PCE and TCE concentrations exceeded both Tap Water RSLs and MCLs. The
maximum cis-1,2-DCE concentration also exceeded its tap water RSL but not the MCL (Refs. 4;
21; 29; 30)(see Figure 3D).
In June 2022, DSCA contractors installed and sampled two additional monitoring wells 70
feet and 400 feet southwest of the site property. PCE concentration in the closer well (MW-5: 5.5
μg/L) exceeded the MCL and RSL. PCE concentration in the farther well (MW-6: 3.7 μg/L) did
not exceed either level. The contractor also obtained access and sampled one of the two water-
supply wells previously sampled to the northwest along West 19th Street. The well (WSW-1)
remained non-detect for cVOCs (Ref. 30)(see Figure 3D).
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A comprehensive comparison of groundwater analytical data, compiled from various
contractor studies from 2020 through 2022, indicated that the site’s cVOC groundwater
contaminant plume extended west-to-southwest from the site. However, PCE and TCE
concentrations within the plume varied considerably, even between downgradient monitoring
wells in close proximity to one-another, and sampled on the same date. Farther downgradient than
the nearest residential property, groundwater PCE and TCE concentrations exceeded RSLs and
MCLs at only one location, within a vacant land parcel (Ref. 30)(see Figure 3D).
4.4 Groundwater Conclusions:
Investigations reviewed during this SRA, including cumulative groundwater sample data
review (through 2022) under the NC DSCA program, indicate that the groundwater migration
pathway poses a minimal exposure hazard at this site.
5.0 SURFACE WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY
5.1 Hydrologic Setting:
Surface runoff from the site is anticipated to flow overland about 780 feet west-southwest
to an unnamed, seasonally-flowing tributary. From this location, the tributary flows southwest 0.75 mile to a probable point of entry (PPE) on Bakers Branch, which in turn flows another 1.3
miles south and then west. Baker’s Branch joins Irish Buffalo Creek directly downstream
from Kannapolis Lake. Irish Buffalo Creek forms the remainder of the 15-mile target distance
limit (TDL) for the surface water migration pathway (Refs. 4; 22; 30).
5.2 Surface Water Pathway Targets:
Kannapolis Lake is the city’s water-supply reservoir and contains its surface water intake.
Kannapolis Lake is upstream of the 15-mile TDL. No public drinking water intakes operate within
15 miles downstream from the site. The nearest potential fishery is the Rocky River, more than 15
miles downstream from the PPE. The nearest mapped wetland is 3.1 miles downstream (Ref. 22).
During the 2020 PCS, no NC or US designated threatened or endangered species were identified
within the 15-mile TDL (Refs. 3; 4; 23).
5.3 Surface Water Pathway Sampling and Results:
No surface water sampling was conducted as part of the 2020 PCS or the 2023 SRA. The
surface water pathway was also not sampled during historical or current contractor site
investigations (Refs. 3; 4).
5.4 Surface Water Conclusions:
Based on information reviewed during the SRA, the surface water migration pathway is of
minimal concern at this time.
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6.0 SOIL EXPOSURE AND SUBSURFACE INTRUSION PATHWAYS
No residents, schools or day care facilities are located on the site (Refs. 2; 4). Therefore,
the soil exposure pathway is not of concern at this site.
6.1 Land Use:
Operational activities at the site ceased around 2004 or 2005. Land use at and in the
immediate site vicinity is mixed commercial and residential. A vacant lot is located south of the
site. Access to the property is not restricted by a fence. The northern portion of the property abuts
a structure, beyond which lies an empty lot. The eastern portion is paved, and the southern (vacant
lot) and western portions are covered with grass (Ref. 2)(see Photos 1; 2; 3; 4).
6.2 Subsurface Intrusion Sampling and Results:
On January 6, 2020, during the Bakers Creek Site Phase II Assessment, contractors
conducted soil gas sampling at five locations (SGP 1 through 5) on properties directly south of the
site parcel and to the west along West 18th Street. Several of the samples contained low
concentrations of various non-chlorinated VOCs (Ref. 14).
Beneath the commercial property to the south, samples SGP-1 and SGP-2 contained PCE
(390 micrograms per cubic meters [μg/m3] and 43 μg/m3, respectively). These results did not
exceed the commercial Target Sub-Slab and Near Source Vapor Intrusion Screening Level (VISL)
of 584 μg/m3 for PCE. No TCE was detected. Beneath the residential property parcel to the
southwest, samples SGP-3 and SGP-4 contained PCE (12,000 μg/m3 and 570 μg/m3, respectively)
and TCE (720 μg/m3 and 15 μg/m3, respectively). Results for both samples exceeded the residential
Target Sub-Slab and Near Source VISLs of 139 μg/m3 for PCE and 6.95 μg/m3 for TCE. SGP-5,
located approximately 500 feet west-southwest of the site property, contained PCE (170 μg/m3)
and TCE (4.0 μg/m3). The PCE result exceeded its residential Target Sub-Slab and Near Source
VISL (Refs. 14; 24)(see Figure 3C).
In May 2020, NC IHSB contractors conducted passive soil gas (PSG) sampling at four
locations on site and at adjacent commercial properties along North Main Street, and at 23 outdoor
locations in the residential neighborhood west of the site. Concurrent with PSG sampling, sub-slab
soil gas sampling was conducted at two commercial structures to the immediate north and south
of the on-site structure, and crawl space air sampling was conducted beneath the nearest residence,
located southwest of the site (Refs. 4; 25)(see Figure 3B).
PCE was detected in the sub-slab soil gas samples (SS-1, SS-2, and duplicate) collected
beneath the structures directly north and south of the former Jay’s Cleaners structure. All sub-slab
PCE concentrations (ranging from 17,000 μg/m3 to 34,000 μg/m3) exceeded the commercial Target
Sub-Slab and Near-Source VISL (Refs. 24; 25). No other chlorinated VOCs were detected (see
Figure 3C).
PCE was detected in the PSG samples (PSG-1, PSG-14, PSG-18, and PSG-28) collected
at all four commercial properties along North Main Street. None of the PCE results (up to 184
Jay's CleanersNCD 982 095 093Site ReassessmentPage 8 of 10
μg/m3) exceeded the commercial Target Sub-Slab and Near-Source VISL. However, one sample
(PSG-14), located directly behind the former Jay’s Cleaners structure, also contained TCE (40.3
μg/m3) exceeding its commercial Target Sub-Slab and Near-Source VISL of 29.2 μg/m3 (Refs. 24;
25)(see Figure 3B).
PCE and TCE were detected beneath the northern outdoor portion of the adjacent
residential property to the southwest of the site property (PSG-17 and duplicate). Both sample PCE
results (up to 251 μg/m3) exceeded the residential Target Sub-slab VISL. The higher of the two
sample TCE results (7.91 μg/m3) also exceeded the residential Target Sub-Slab and Near-Source
VISL. The crawl-space air samples (IA-1 and duplicate) from this residence were non-detect for
chlorinated VOCs (Refs. 24; 25)(see Figure 3B).
PCE was detected at two additional residential PSG locations (PSG-6 and PSG-22) to the
far west within the residential neighborhood. These locations were farther from the site property
than several non-detect PSG sample locations in the neighborhood, where no additional PCE
sources have been identified. The concentrations (up to 1.68 μg/m3) did not exceed the residential
Target Sub-Slab and Near-Source VISL (Refs. 24; 25)(see Figure 3B).
In October and November 2020, IHSB contractors collected twenty-nine PSG samples
(PSG-29 through PSG-57) surrounding the Jay’s Cleaners structure, the adjacent structure to the
north, the structure (since removed) to the immediate south, and farther south along the south side
of West 18th Street near North Main Street. Contractors also collected three sub-slab soil gas
samples (SS-1; SS-2; SS-3) from beneath bare foundation slabs on vacant parcels farther to the
north of Jay’s Cleaners (1809 and 1815 North Main Street), and conducted passive air sampling
in the Jay’s Cleaners structure crawl space (IA-2; IA-Dup-2) and at a background outdoor location
(IA-BG-2). (Ref. 29)(see Figures 3B; 3C).
PCE (up to 2000 μg/m3) was detected in all of the October 2020 PSG samples and TCE (up
to 289 μg/m3) was detected in twenty-two PSG samples. The highest PCE and TCE results were
from PSG locations directly east of the Jay’s Cleaners structure and the adjacent structure to the
north, parallel to North Main Street. These highest concentrations were likely due to the area being
parking space with a paved ground surface. Cis-1.2-DCE (up to 73.9 μg/m3) was detected in eight
PSG samples and trans-1,2-DCE (up to 75.6 μg/m3) was detected in five PSG samples. Vinyl
chloride (1.19 μg/m3) was detected in one PSG sample. The highest DCE concentrations and the
vinyl chloride detection were from a PSG location directly behind (west of) the Jay’s Cleaners
structure. PCE and TCE soil gas concentrations exceeded commercial Target Sub-Slab/Near-
Source VISLs along the east side of the structures and directly behind the Jay’s Cleaners structure.
None of the cis- and trans-1,2-DCE and vinyl chloride PSG sample concentrations exceeded their
respective VISLs (Refs. 4; 24; 29)(see Figure 3B).
Two of the three sub-slab soil gas samples from the cleared property north of Jay’s Cleaners
contained PCE (up to 5.42 μg/m3). One sub-slab gas sample contained TCE (up to 3.96 μg/m3).
The crawl space air sample (and duplicate) from beneath the Jay’s Cleaners structure contained
PCE (up to 7.64 μg/m3), TCE (up to 1.19 μg/m3), cis-1,2-DCE (up to 2.06 μg/m3) and trans-1,2-
DCE (0.124 μg/m3). The outdoor ambient air sample contained PCE (0.172 μg/m3) and trace (<
0.172 μg/m3) concentrations of other cVOCs. None of the results exceeded commercial Target
Sub-Slab/Near-Source VISLs (Refs. 4; 24; 29)(see Figure 3B).
Jay's CleanersNCD 982 095 093
Site ReassessmentPage 9 of 10
In June 2022, DSCA contractors installed four temporary soil gas sampling points (SGP-6
through SGP-9) surrounding the Jay’s Cleaner and adjacent structures. Soil gas samples from the
four points contained PCE (up to 28,000 μg/m3), exceeding the commercial Target Sub-Slab/Near-
Source VISL for PCE. Two sample locations contained TCE (up to 4.11 μg/m3), and two locations
contained trans-1,2-DCE (up to 3.77 μg/m3) (Ref. 30)(see Figure 3C).
In August 2022, the DSCA contractor installed two additional soil gas points (SGP-10;
SGP-11) to the south of the site property along the north side of West 19th Street, and installed
three soil gas points (SGP-12 through SGP-14) at the downgradient property lines of the nearest
residence to the southwest of the site. Both of the West 13th Street soil gas samples contained PCE
(up to 5,200 μg/m3) and TCE (up to 1.6 μg/m3), exceeding the commercial Target Sub-Slab/Near-
Source VISL for PCE. At the adjacent residential property all three soil gas samples contained
PCE (up to 1,600 μg/m3) and two samples contained TCE (up to 2.8 μg/m3). Concentrations at the
residential property increased from south to north, exceeding residential Target Sub-Slab/Near-
Source VISLs for PCE in the northwest portion of the property (Ref. 30)(see Figure 3C).
6.3 Subsurface Intrusion Targets:
The site is currently inactive with no on-site workers or residents. At the time of the August 2022 DSCA sampling, approximately six commercial and six residential structures
stood in the immediate vicinity of the site. Around October 2022, 1801 North Main Street and
five contiguous residences (100 through 204) along the north side of West 18th Street were razed, the latter for the planned Bakers Creek (re)development. No schools or daycare centers are
located in the immediate vicinity of the site. During previous investigations, chlorinated VOCs were detected at three commercial and three residential properties (Refs. 2; 4; 14; 25;
29; 30). The number of workers at each business is not known. Using the U.S. Census
Bureau persons per household factor of 2.55 people for Rowan County, North Carolina, about
26 people residents within about 200 feet of the site (Refs. 4; 26)(see Figure 2). No terrestrial
sensitive environments have been identified in the immediate vicinity of the site (Ref. 4).
6.4 Soil Exposure and Subsurface Intrusion Conclusion:
Based on the file review, current site conditions, and results of previous investigations, the
subsurface intrusion pathway continues to be of some concern at this site.
7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
During the SRA, a review of post-PCS soil gas and air sampling results indicated minimal
likelihood of exposure of nearby residents to site contaminants. Exposure potential appears to be
limited to the site structure and one remaining small-business structure directly north on North
Main Street. High soil gas cVOC concentrations have been confirmed at the nearest downgradient
residential property. However, crawl space air sampling results at the residence were non-detect
for VOCs. In addition, the current Jay’s Cleaners site owner petitioned and was accepted into the
NC DSCA Program. In 2021, a DSCA Phase I prioritization and assessment report, recommending
additional assessment activities to delineate on- and off-site contamination, was prepared for this
site. In June and August of 2022, a DSCA Phase II prioritization assessment at the site included
additional soil, soil gas and groundwater investigation. Therefore, this site will be addressed under
the purview of the NCDEQ DSCA Program. Based on the SRA findings, the NC Superfund
Section does not recommend this site for further investigation under CERCLA.
Jay's CleanersNCD 982 095 093Site ReassessmentPage 10 of 10
Jay’s Cleaners
NCD 982 095 093
Site Reassessment References
August 2023
1)US EPA 40 CFR Part 300, Hazard Ranking System, Final Rule, January 9, 2017. Available
Online at: https://www.epa.gov/superfund/hrs-rule-documents.
2)Google Maps and Street View, 1803 North Main Street, Kannapolis, NC. Latitude and
Longitude Determination. Aerial Map and Imagery with Attachments:
https://www.google.com/maps.
3)Parker, Stuart F., NC DEQ Superfund Section: “Pre-CERCLA Screening Assessment,
Jay’s Cleaners site, EPA ID NCN 000 410 534, Kannapolis, Rowan County, NC. March
31, 2020.
4)AECOM Technical Services of NC: “Phase I – Prioritization Assessment Report, Jay’s
One-Hour Cleaners, DSCA Site ID DC800011”. December 22, 2021.
5)Rowan County, NC Geographic Information System Website.
https://gis.rowancountync.gov.
6)NC DEQ Hazardous Waste Section: RCRA Inspection Report, Jay’s Cleaners. August
31, 2004.
7)NC Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch: RCRA Notification Letter to Jay’s
One Hour Cleaners. June 25, 1987.
8)Cannon, Elizabeth W., Chief, NC DENR Hazardous Waste Section: Immediate Action
Notice of Violation letter to Jay’s Cleaners, Docket #2004-236. September 9, 2004.
9)Morris, Sean, Waste Management Specialist, DENR Hazardous Waste Section:
Memorandum (with attachments) to Charlotte Jesneck, NC DEQ Superfund Section
Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch. June 20, 2005.
10)NC DEQ Hazardous Waste Section: RCRA Re-Inspection Report, Jay’s Cleaners. July
25, 2005.
11)Lefler, Bruce, Hydrogeologist, NC DEQ Superfund Section Inactive Hazardous Sites
Branch: Memorandum to Charlotte Jesneck, NC DEQ Superfund Section Inactive
Hazardous Sites Branch. September 7, 2005.
12)Lefler, Bruce, Hydrogeologist, NC DEQ Superfund Section Inactive Hazardous Sites
Branch: Memorandum to File, RE: SERB Review of Site Information, Jay’s Cleaners.
May 10, 2006.
13)S&ME, Inc.: “Soil and Groundwater Assessment Report, Site ID: NCD982095093, Jay’s
Cleaners”. S&ME Project No. 4305-19-226. January 22, 2020.
14)ESP Associates, Inc., Charlotte, NC: “Report of a Limited Phase II Environmental
Assessment, Baker’s Creek Site, Kannapolis, NC”. ESP Project No. E6-HP50.600.
January 22, 2020.
15)Heath, Ralph, Basic Elements of Groundwater Hydrology with Reference to Conditions
in North Carolina, Parts I-II, US Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations
Open-File Report 80-44, 1980.
16)Goldsmith, R., Milton, Horton, D., Wright, J. W. Jr.: Geologic Map of the Charlotte 1o x
2o Quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina, 1988.
17)US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service, Web
Soil Survey: https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx
18)US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Climatic Data
Center 1981-2010 Climate Data Normals, February 13, 2018.
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/normals
19)Anderson, Alex, Assistant Director of Public Works, City of Kannapolis, NC: Electronic
communications with Stuart F. Parker, Hydrogeologist, NC DEQ Superfund Section.
September 24-25, 2019.
20)NC DEQ, DWM, Superfund Section, Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB) ARC GIS
Map Viewer: https://ncdenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html
21)US EPA Regional Screening Levels, Generic Tables, Summary Table:
https://semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/404059.pdf. May 2023.
22)US Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory On-line Mapper:
http://wetlandsfws.er.usgs.gov/
23)NC DEQ, Natural Heritage Program Data Explorer, viewed December 18, 2019.
ncnhde.natureserve.org
24)US EPA Vapor Intrusion Screening Level (VISL) Calculator output, August 3, 2020.
https://epa-visl.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/visl_search.
25)ATC Associates: “Vapor Intrusion Investigation and Water Supply Well Sampling, Jay’s
Cleaners, 1803 North Main Street, Kannapolis, Rowan County, NC”, ID No.
NCD982095093, State Contract No. N091319, June 23, 2020.
26)US Census Bureau Quickfacts, Rowan County, North Carolina. Accessed online on
August 14, 2023 at:
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/rowancountynorthcarolina/PST045222.
27)Kwiatkowski, David, DCSA Project Manager, Letter with Attachments to Sachin Valia,
Property Owner, Jay’s One-Hour Cleaners. Subject: DSCA Petition for Certification,
DSCA Site ID DC800011. Attachments: DSCA Agreement for Assessment and
Remediation and DSCA Petition for Certification. July 13, 2021.
28)Parker, Stuart F., NC DEQ Superfund Section: Electronic Communication with David
Kwiatkowski, NC DEQ DSCA Program, May 2, 2023.
29)ATC Associates: “Vapor Intrusion Investigation and Monitoring Well Sampling, Jay’s
Cleaners, 1803 North Main Street, Kannapolis, Rowan County, NC”, ID No.
NCD982095093, State Contract No. N091319, December 8, 2020.
30)AECOM Technical Services of NC: “Phase II – Prioritization Assessment Report, Jay’s
One-Hour Cleaners, DSCA Site ID DC800011”. April 24, 2023.
PHOTOGRAPHS
FIGURES
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Jays Cleaners
USGS The National Map: National Boundaries Dataset, 3DEP Elevation Program, Geographic Names Information System, NationalHydrography Dataset, National Land Cover Database, National Structures Dataset, and National Transportation Dataset; USGSGlobal Ecosystems; U.S. Census Bureau TIGER/Line data; USFS Road Data; Natural Earth Data; U.S. Department of StateHumanitarian Information Unit; and NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Coastal Relief Model. Datarefreshed August, 2019.
Legend:
![Site Location
!?Surface Water Intake
%2 Community Well
Surface Water
NWI Wetland
Municipality
µ
0 1 2 3 40.5 Miles
ROWAN
Jay's CleanersNCD 982 095 093Kannapolis, Rowan County, NCFigure 1: Site Location and Features
Property Line
Domestic Well
0 100 ft
Jay’s Cleaners
EPA ID # NCD 982 095 093
Kannapolis, Rowan County, NC
Fig. 2: Site Plan
Stuart F Parker, DWM Superfund Section, 1/10/2020
Base map from Rowan County GIS
West 19th Street
West 18th Street
208
209 North Main StreetPlaza Avenue1803
[SITE]
1801
W. 19th Street
Plaza AvenueN. Main Street
W. 18th Street
SB-1 (2.5’-5.0’) - 12/4/2019Acetone - 0.019 J mg/kgPCE -0.0036 mg/kg
SB-7 (2.5’-5.0’) - 12/5/2019PCE -0.0083 mg/kg
Acetone - 0.027 J mg/kg
MW-2 (10’-12.5’) - 12/4/2019Acetone - 0.026 J mg/kg
PCE -0.0027 mg/kg
SB-10 (4.0’-5.0’) - 06/13/2022
PCE - 0.064 mg/kgToluene - 0.0048 J mg/kg2-Butanone - 0.087 J
SB-11 (0.0’-1.0’) - 06/13/2022PCE - 4.1 mg/kg
Toulene - 0.0079 mg/kg2-Butanone - 0.069 J mg/kg1,2-Dichlorobenzene - 0.0093 mg/kg
SB-12 (0.0’-1.0’) - 06/14/2022
PCE - 0.26 mg/kgTCE- 0.016 mg/kg2-Butanone - 0.080 J mg/kg
SB-9 (3.0’-4.0’) - 06/14/2022
PCE - 0.13 J mg/kg2-Butanone - 0.13 J mg/kg
SB-15 (0’-1.0’) - 06/13/2022PCE - 0.0042 J mg/kgEthylbenzene - 0.0030 J mg/kgXylenes (total) - 0.015 mg/kg
2-Butanone - 0.073 J mg/kg1,2,4-TMB - 0.0043 J mg/kg
SB-13 (0.0’-1.0’) - 06/13/2022PCE - 0.14 mg/kgToluene - 0.0072 mg/kgXylenes (total) - 0.011 J mg/kg2-Butanone - 0.081 J mg/kg1,2-TMB - 0.0043 J mg/kg
SB-14 (1.0’-2.0’) - 06/14/2022PCE - 0.16 mg/kgEthylbenzene - 0.0033 J mg/kg
Xylenes (total) - 0.015 mg/kg2-Butanone - 0.11 J mg/kgChloromethane - 0.0078 J mg/kgStyrene - 0.0038 J mg/kg1,2,4-TMB - 0.0038 J mg/kg
PCE - 0.34 mg/kg
Ethylbenzene - 0.0041 J mg/kgXylenes - 0.024 mg/kg2-Butanone - 0.13 J mg/kgStyrene - 0.0079 mg/kg1,2,4-TMB - 0.0077 mg/kg
SB-8 (4.0’-5.0’) - 06/14/2022
LEGEND
Parcel Line
Note: AECOM obtained historical soil, soil-gas, sub-slab vapor, indoor
air, and/or groundwater quality data from reports prepared by others for
NCDEQ Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB) Site NCD982065093.Red highlighted text indicates concentrations above applicable standard.
Petitioned Property Boundary
Former Jay’s One-Hour Cleaners, DC800011
Soil Sample Location (S&ME, 2020)
milligrams per kilogrammg/kg
Estimate ValueJ
PCE TCE1,2,4-TMB
TetrachloroethyleneTrichloroethylene1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Estimated extent of PCE in soil exceeding the Preliminary
Soil Remediation Goal of 0.0063 mg/kg
Soil Sample Location (AECOM, 2022)
APPROX. SCALE, ft.
0
AECOM TECHNICAL SERVICES OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC6000FAIRVIEW ROAD, SUITE 200CHARLOTTE, NC 28210TEL: [phone]FAX: [phone]
DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:PROJECT NO. :60
60670480EBD-6/20/2022Soil Quality Summary MapJay’s One-Hour Cleaners1803 North Main StreetKannapolis, NCDSCA Site ID DC800011 Figure 3ERL-7/01/2022SRAR Figure 3A
W. 19th Street
Plaza AvenueN. Main Street
W. 18th Street
MW-2 MW-1
MW-3
TMW-3
TMW-2
TMW-1
TMW-4
TMW-5
PSG-36
PSG-35
PSG-37
PSG-38
PSG-39
PSG-40
PSG-41 PSG-43PSG-42
PSG-44PSG-45PSG-46
PSG-47
PSG-48PSG-49
PSG-50 PSG-51
PSG-52
PSG-53
PSG-54
PSG-57PSG-55 PSG-56
PSG-34
PSG-33
PSG-32
PSG-31
PSG-30
PSG-29
PSG-1
PSG-3PSG-4PSG-5PSG-6PSG-7PSG-8
PSG-11
PSG-16
PSG-10 PSG-9
PSG-12 PSG-13
PSG-15
PSG-14
PSG-17
PSG-19
PSG-18
PSG-20
PSG-21
PSG-22
PSG-23 PSG-24 PSG-25 PSG-26 PSG-27 PSG-28
LEGEND
Parcel Line
Note: AECOM obtained historical soil, soil-gas, sub-slab vapor,
indoor air, and/or groundwater quality data from reports
prepared by others for NCDEQ Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB) Site NCD982065093.
Petitioned Property Boundary
Former Jay’ One-Hour Cleaners, DC800011
Passive Soil-Gas Sample Location (ATC, 2020)
PCE Concentration Exceeds Laboratory Method
Detection LimitPCE Concentration Exceeds 10 µg/m3
PCE Concentration Exceeds 100 µg/m3
PCE Concentration Exceeds 1,000 µg/m3
micrograms per cubic meterµg/m3
PCE Tetrachloroethylene
Temporary Monitoring Well Location (ESP, 2020)
Monitoring Well Location (S&ME, 2020)
Water Supply Well Location (ATC, 2020)
Sample ID PCE
µg/m3
PSG-1 82.5
PSG-3 ND
PSG-4 ND
PSG-5 ND
PSG-6 1.68
PSG-7 ND
PSG-8 ND
PSG-9 ND
PSG-10 ND
PSG-11 ND
PSG-12 ND
PSG-13 ND
PSG-14 184 D
PSG-15 ND
PSG-16 ND
PSG-17 161 D
PSG-17-Dup* 251 D
PSG-18 4.65
PSG-19 ND
PSG-20 ND
PSG-21 ND
PSG-22 1.41
PSG-23 ND
PSG-24 ND
PSG-25 ND
PSG-26 ND
PSG-27 ND
PSG-28 5.15
PSG-29 760D
PSG-30 1,700D
Sample ID PCE
µg/m3
PSG-31 2,000D
PSG-32 157D
PSG-32 Dup*119
PSG-33 570D
PSG-34 205D
PSG-35 22.6
PSG-36 1.95
PSG-37 7.47
PSG-38 25.6
PSG-39 130D
PSG-40 46.3
PSG-41 36.8
PSG-42 132D
PSG-43 354D
PSG-44 61
PSG-45 39.1
PSG-46 25.8
PSG-47 2.38
PSG-48 ND
PSG-49 ND
PSG-50 1.17
PSG-51 26.2
PSG-52 4.18
PSG-53 65.3
PSG-54 46
PSG-55 4.28
PSG-55 DUP*6.86
PSG-56 73.7
PSG-57 34.1 SHEET:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:PROJECT NO.:AECOM TECHNICAL SERVICESOF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.6000 FAIRVIEW ROAD, SUITE 200CHARLOTTE, NC 28210TEL: [phone]APPROX. SCALE, ft.
0 60 60670480JTH - 11/01/2021Figure 7RHM - 11/01/2021Passive Soil-Gas Isoconcentration MapTetrachloroethyleneJay’s One-Hour Cleaners1803 North Main StreetKannapolis, NCDSCA Site ID DC800011SRAR Figure 3B
W. 19th Street
Plaza AvenueN. Main Street
W. 18th Street
IA-BG-2 (11/4/2020)PCE - 0.172 ug/m3
TCE - 0.0291 J ug/m3
cis-1,2-DCE - 0.0685 ug/m3
trans-1,2-DCE - 0.00963 J ug/m3
IA-2 (11/4/2020)PCE - 7.64 ug/m3
TCE - 1.18 ug/m3
cis-1,2-DCE - 2.06 ug/m3
trans-1,2-DCE - 0.124 ug/m3
SGP-3 (1/6/2020)PCE - 12,000 ug/m3
TCE - 720 ug/m3
SGP-4 (1/6/2020)PCE - 570 ug/m3
TCE - 15 ug/m3
SS-2 (5/7/2020)PCE - 34,000 ug/m3
SGP-1 (1/6/2020)
PCE - 390 ug/m3
SGP-2 (1/6/2020)PCE - 43 ug/m3
SGP-5 (1/6/2020)
PCE - 170 ug/m3
TCE - 4 ug/m3
IA-1 (5/6/2020)BDL
IA-BACKGROUND (5/6/2020)BDL
SS-1 (5/7/2020)PCE - 19,000 ug/m3
SS-5 (10/29/2020)
BDL
SS-4 (10/29/2020)
PCE - 3.96 ug/m3
TCE- 1.36 ug/m3
SS-3 (10/29/2020)
PCE - 5.42 ug/m3
SGP-14 (8/11/2022)PCE - 1,600 ug/m3TCE - 0.82 J ug/m3
Chloromethane - 0.35 J ug/m3Ethylbenzene - 2.9 ug/m3
2-Butanone - 20.0 J ug/m3
Styrene - 1.5 ug/m3
Toluene - 0.95 ug/m3
Xylenes (total) - 8.1 ug/m3
SGP-12 (8/11/2022)
PCE - 1.4 ug/m3Chloroform - 41 ug/m3Chloromethane - 0.55 J ug/m3
Ethylbenzene - 2.9 ug/m32-Butanone - 8.1 J ug/m3
Toluene - 6.5 ug/m3Xylenes (total) - 4.5 ug/m3
SGP-8 (06/13/2022) PCE- 28,000 ug/m3
TCE - 4.11 ug/m3
Chloromethane - 2.48 ug/m3
Ethylbenzene - 9.10 ug/m3
Toluene - 132 ug/m3
1,2,4-TMB - 7.41 ug/m3
m&p-Xylene - 26.1 ug/m3
o-Xylene - 9.19 ug/m3
SGP-10 (8/11/2022)PCE - 5,200 ug/m3
TCE - 1.4 ug/m3Chloromethane - 0.81 J ug/m3
Toluene - 3.1 ug/m3
SGP-11 (8/11/2022)PCE - 1,800 ug/m3TCE - 1.6 ug/m3Chloromethane - 0.71 J ug/m3
IA-3 (06/13/2022)PCE - 3.28 ug/m3
Chloroform - 2.01 ug/m3 Ethylbenzene - 1.63 ug/m3
2-Butanone - 5.10 ug/m3
Toluene - 2.98 ug/m3
1,2,4-TMB - 2.01 ug/m3
m&p-Xylene - 7.20 ug/m3
o-Xylene - 2.83 ug/m3
SGP-6 (06/13/2022)
PCE- 1,960 ug/m3
trans-1,2-DCE - 3.77 ug/m3
Chloromethane - 2.05 ug/m3
Ethylbenzene - 20.2 ug/m3
2-Butanone - 9.41 ug/m3
Toluene - 324 ug/m3
1,2,4-TMB - 6.38 ug/m3
m&p-Xylene - 62.9 ug/m3
o-Xylene - 22.4 ug/m3
SGP-9 (06/13/2022) PCE- 1,530 ug/m3
trans-1,2-DCE - 3.56 ug/m3
Chloromethane - 5.18 ug/m3
Ethylbenzene - 21.3 ug/m3
2-Butanone - 14.7 ug/m3
Toluene - 287 ug/m3
1,2,4-TMB - 12.6 ug/m3
m&p-Xylene - 72.0 ug/m3
o-Xylene - 22.8 ug/m3
SGP-7 (06/13/2022) PCE- 540 ug/m3
TCE - 38.0 ug/m3
Chloromethane - 2.69 ug/m3
Ethylbenzene - 7.15 ug/m3
Toluene - 105 ug/m3
1,2,4-TMB - 5.40 ug/m3
m&p-Xylene - 26.5 ug/m3
o-Xylene - 7.24 ug/m3
SGP-13 (08/11/2022) PCE- 690 ug/m3
TCE - 2.8 ug/m3
trans-1,2-DCE - 6.1 ug/m3
Chloroform - 20 ug/m3
Ethylbenzene - 11 ug/m3
2-Butanone - 14 J ug/m3
Styrene - 0.95 ug/m3
Toluene - 13 ug/m3
Xylenes (total) - 25 ug/m3
LEGEND
Parcel Line
Note: AECOM obtained historical soil, soil-gas, sub-slab vapor, indoor
air, and/or groundwater quality data from reports prepared by others for
NCDEQ Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB) Site
NCD982065093.
Petitioned Property Boundary
Former Jay’ One-Hour Cleaners, DC800011
Soil Gas Sample Location (ESP, 2020)
Indoor/Ambient Air Sample Location (ATC, 2020)
Indoor/Ambient Air Sample Location (ATC, 2020)
Subslab Vapor Sample Location (ATC, 2020)
Soil Gas Sample Location (AECOM, 2022)
Indoor Air Sample Location (AECOM, 2022)
Vapor analytical results do not exceed calculated vapor intrusion risk for residential or non-residential exposure – DSCA Indoor Air Risk Calculator
Vapor analytical results exceed calculated vapor intrusion risk for residential exposure but do not
exceed for non-residential exposure – DSCA Indoor
Air Risk Calculator
Vapor analytical results exceed calculated vapor intrusion risk for residential and non-residential
exposure – DSCA Indoor Air Risk Calculator
micrograms per cubic meterµg/m3
Estimate ValueJ
BDLPCE TCEcis-1,2-DCE
trans-1,2-DCE
1,2,4-TMB
Below Laboratory Detection LimitsTetrachloroethyleneTrichloroethylenecis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Estimated extent of PCE levels that excced calculated vapor intrusion risk for residential and non-residential use
Estimated extent of PCE levels that excced calculated vapor intrusion risk for residential but not non-residential use
SHEET:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:PROJECT NO.:AECOM TECHNICAL SERVICESOF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.6000 FAIRVIEW ROAD, SUITE 200CHARLOTTE, NC 28210TEL: [phone]APPROX. SCALE, ft.
0 60 60670480JTH - 11/01/2021Figure 6JRM - 01/25/2023Vapor & Indoor Air Quality Summary MapJay’s One-Hour Cleaners1803 North Main StreetKannapolis, NCDSCA Site ID DC800011SRAR Figure 3C
W. 19th Street
Plaza AvenueN. Main StreetNorth Carolina RailroadW. 18th Street
E. 18th Street
W. 17th Street
796 ft 800 ft 804 ft
808 ft 812 ft
816 ft
820 ft
MW-3 (12/6/2019)
PCE - 2.1 ug/lChloroform - 0.83 ug/l
MW-2 (12/6/2019)
PCE - 50 ug/lTCE - 7.8 ug/lcis-1,2-DCE - 13 ug/l
trans-1,2-DCE - 1.2 ug/l
MW-1 (12/6/2019)PCE - 64 ug/lTCE - 3.6 ug/l
cis-1,2-DCE - 4.6 ug/ltrans-1,2-DCE - 0.45 ug/l
TMW-2 (1/2/2020)
PCE - 32 ug/lTCE - 0.54 ug/lcis-1,2-DCE - 0.21 ug/l
TMW-3 (1/2/2020)
PCE - 43 ug/lTCE - 2.7 ug/lcis-1,2-DCE - 1.2 ug/l
TMW-4 (1/2/2020)PCE - 20 ug/l
TCE - 1.1 ug/lcis-1,2-DCE - 2.4 ug/l
TMW-5 (1/2/2020)PCE - 0.51 ug/lChloroform - 0.86 ug/l
WSW-2 (5/6/2020)PCE - 2.57 ug/l
TCE - 0.237 J ug/l
WSW-1 (5/6/2020)Naphthalene - 0.198 J ug/l MW-3 (10/29/2020)
PCE - 0.87 ug/lcis-1,2-DCE - 0.395 J ug/lMW-2 (10/29/2020)PCE - 41.7 ug/lTCE - 6.53 J ug/lcis-1,2-DCE - 13.3 ug/l
trans-1,2-DCE - 1.28 ug/l
MW-1 (10/29/2020)PCE - 25.9 ug/lcis-1,2-DCE - 0.143 J ug/l
TMW-1 (1/2/2020)BDL
MW-5 (6/15/22)PCE - 5.5 ug/lChloroform - 6.2 ug/l
MW-6 (6/15/22)
PCE - 3.7 - µg/l
Chloroform - 0.91 J µg/l
MW-1 (06/15/2022)PCE - 8.7 ug/l
Chloroform - 40.2 ug/l
MW-3 (06/15/2022)PCE - 3.9 ug/lChloroform - 22.1 ug/l
MW-2 (06/15/2022)PCE - 15.1 ug/lTCE - 2.3 ug/l
cis-1,2-DCE - 3.7 ug/lChloroform - 36.0 ug/l
WSW-208 W 19TH (06/10/2022)BDL
MW-5 (9/23/21)PCE - 1.51 ug/l
TW-5 (9/23/21)
Bromodichloromethane - 0.962 ug/lAcetone - 2.78 J ug/lChlorodibromomethane - 0.454 J ug/lChloroform - 2.7 ug/lMethyl tert-butyl ether - 1.33 ug/l
PCE - 2.21 ugl
TW-4 (9/23/21)
PCE - 158 ug/lTCE - 8.43 ug/l
trans-1,2-DCE - 0.772 ug/lcis-1,2-DCE - 12.3 ug/l1,3-Dichlorobenzene - 0.219 J ug/l
Chloroform - 0.547 ug/l
TW-2 (9/23/21)BDL
TW-6 (9/23/21)
Bromodichloromethane - 0.312 J ug/lChloroform - 1.96 ug/l
MW-2 (9/23/21)BDL
MW-1 (9/23/21)BDL
TW-1 (9/23/21)Bromodichloromethane - 18.5 ug/l
Bromoform - 8.29 ug/lCarbon Disulfide - 20.1 ug/lChlorodibromomethane - 21.1 ug/l
Chloroform - 12.4 ug/lToluene - 0.348 J ug/l
MW-6 (9/23/21)Toluene- 4.99 ug/l
MW-3 (9/23/21)
BDL
MW-4 (9/23/21)Chloroform - 0.328 J ug/l
TW-2 (8/10/22)
BDL
MW-2 (8/10/22)
BDL
MW-3 (8/10/22)BDL
TW-3 (9/23/21)BDL
TW-3 (8/10/22)Chloromethane - 0.61 J ug/l
TW-4 (8/10/22)
PCE - 135 ug/lTCE - 4.4 ug/lcis-1,2-DCE - 8.8 ug/ltrans-1,2-DCE - 0.56 J ug/l
MW-4 (8/10/22)PCE - 1.0 J ug/l
MW-5 (8/10/22)
BDL
TW-1 (8/10/22)
BDL
MW-1 (8/10/22)
BDL
LEGEND
Parcel Line
Notes:AECOM obtained historical soil, soil-gas, sub-slab vapor, indoor air, and/or groundwater quality data from reports prepared by others for NCDEQ Inactive Hazardous Sites Branch (IHSB) Site NCD982065093.
Red highlighted text indicates concentrations above applicable standard.
Petitioned Property Boundary
Inferred Groundwater Flow Direction
Groundwater Contour Lines - September 23, 2021
Former Jay’s One-Hour Cleaners, DC800011
Water Supply Well Location (ATC, 2020)
Temporary Monitoring Well Location (ESP, 2020)
Vapor analytical results do not exceed calculated
vapor intrusion risk for residential or non-residential exposure – DSCA Indoor Air Risk Calculator
Vapor analytical results exceed calculated vapor intrusion risk for residential exposure but do not
exceed for non-residential exposure – DSCA Indoor
Air Risk Calculator
Estimated extent of PCE in groundwater exceeding
the 2L Standard of 0.7 ug/l
micrograms per literµg/l
Estimate ValueJ
PCE
TCE
cis-1,2-DCE
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
Monitoring Well Location (S&ME, 2020)
Monitoring Well Location (AECOM, 2022)
Monitoring Well Location (Spangler, 2021)
SHEET:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:PROJECT NO.:AECOM TECHNICAL SERVICESOF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.6000 FAIRVIEW ROAD, SUITE 200CHARLOTTE, NC 28210TEL: [phone]APPROX. SCALE, ft.
0 100 60670480STM - 08/15/2022Figure 5Groundwater Quality MapJay’s One-Hour Cleaners1803 North Main StreetKannapolis, NCDSCA Site ID DC800011JRM - 01/25/2023SRAR Figure 3D