5001_Jackson_WCU_MSWLF_May2023LFG_FID1797325_20230609

June 1, 2023
Mr. Andy Pedonti
Western Carolina University
3476 Old Cullowhee Road
Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723
Subject: Letter Report of May 2023 Landfill Gas Monitoring
WCU Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Cullowhee, Jackson County, North Carolina
NCDEQ Permit: 50-01
WSP Project 6252-15-0221
Dear Mr. Pedonti:
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc. (WSP) is pleased to present this Letter Report of May 2023
Landfill Gas Monitoring for Western Carolina University's (WCU's) closed municipal solid waste landfill
(MSWLF, Site) located in Cullowhee, North Carolina (Figure 1). The scope of work for this monitoring event
was described in WSP's (formerly Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Inc.), Proposal for
Environmental Services, dated May 9, 2022. This letter report summarizes background information, field
activities, results, discussion and recommendations from landfill gas monitoring performed at the Site.
Background Information
WCU operated the MSWLF from approximately the 1960s until 1993. Jackson County also disposed of
municipal solid waste at the landfill from approximately the early 1970s through the early 1980s. The landfill
property is approximately 31.5 acres, approximately four acres of which contain the former landfill. The
landfill was closed in accordance with the then applicable North Carolina Department of Environmental
Quality (NCDEQ) closure standards (15A NCAC 13B 0.0510), and a closure letter was issued to WCU by
NCDEQ on September 5, 1995. NCDEQ personnel conducted a facility audit on March 16, 2011 and
determined that landfill gas monitoring at the landfill must be performed in order for the landfill to be in
compliance with the post -closure conditions identified in the 1995 closure letter.
In response to the audit, a Landfill Gas Investigation Work Plan, which described the preliminary landfill gas
investigation, as well as the 'full' landfill gas investigation, was submitted to NCDEQ on October 19, 2011, and
approved by NCDEQ in a letter dated November 29, 2011. WSP conducted the preliminary landfill gas
investigation in January 2012 using existing groundwater monitoring wells, and then conducted semi-annual
landfill gas monitoring utilizing the existing groundwater monitoring wells from August 2012 to November
2015 to comply with the post -closure conditions. The 'full' landfill gas investigation, which included the
installation of eight permanent landfill gas monitoring wells, was performed in February 2016. Since the 'full'
landfill gas investigation has been implemented, monitoring of landfill gas has been conducted quarterly in
accordance with NCDEQ Solid Waste Management rules (15A NCAC 13B.1626 (b)).
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc.
1308-C Patton Avenue
Asheville, North Carolina 28806
T: 828-252-8130
North Carolina Corporate Engineering License No. F-1253, Geology No. C-247

Letter Report of May 2023 Landfill Gas Monitoring June 1, 2023
WCU Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, Cullowhee, North Carolina
WSP Project 6252-15-0221
Field Activities
On May 19, 2023, WSP personnel measured landfill gas at the eight landfill gas monitoring wells (LG-1, LG-2,
LG-3S, LG-3D, LG-4, LG-5, LG-6 and LG-7) at the Site (Figure 2). The landfill gas monitoring wells are screened
in the unsaturated zone and located between the landfill and the Site's property boundary. The landfill gas
monitoring wells are fitted with a slip cap and ball valve to allow for measurement of potential landfill gas. A
calibrated gas monitoring instrument, a Landtec GEM 5000+, was used to measure atmospheric pressure, as
well as the following landfill gas parameters:
• Methane (percent by volume)
• Oxygen (percent by volume)
• Carbon dioxide (percent by volume)
The initial and stabilized readings for the above parameters were measured and recorded. The Solid Waste
Section's Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form was used to record measurements and other relevant
information and is attached.
Results and Discussion
The Site landfill gas monitoring wells were tested for methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. Refer to the
attached Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form for the testing results.
Concentrations of methane were not detected in the landfill gas monitoring wells. The regulatory limit for
methane at a MSWLF property boundary is equal to the lower explosive limit of methane (15A NCAC
1313.1627 (d)). The recorded results from the eight landfill gas wells do not exceed this limit indicating that
regulatory limits are not being exceeded at the Site.
Recommendations
Based on the results of this monitoring event, we recommend submitting a copy of this Letter Report to
NCDEQ Solid Waste Section for their evaluation. We recommend continued quarterly monitoring of landfill
gas at the Site.
Closing
If you have any questions concerning these services, please do not hesitate to contact us at [phone].
Sincerely,
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc.
Rodney M. Clark, L.G.
Project Geologist
kb eu t Wa wx-,
Matthew E. Wallace, P.E.
Principal Engineer
attachments: Figure 1: Topographic Site Map
Figure 2: Landfill Gas, Monitoring Well, and Surface Water Sampling Locations
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
NCDEQ Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form
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TITLE: TOPOGRAPHIC SITE MAP DATE: 10/10/2022 -
PREPARED BY: G. HUTCHINS PROJECT NUMBER: 6252-15-0221 Figure No.
Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, errors and conditions originating from the physical CHECKED BY: M. WALLACE MAP PROJECTION: NC State Plane (NAD83, feet)
W C U CLOSED LANDFILL
sources used to develop the database may be reflected in the data supplied. The requestor must be aware of data conditions and DATE: 10/10/2022
ultimately bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, original map scale, collection
M O N T E I T H GAP ROAD methodology, currency of data, and other conditions specific to certain data.
Document Path: P:\Western Carolina University\GIS\Topo 2021.mxd
CULLOWHEE, NORTH CAROLINA

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TITLE: Legend
NOTE: THIS MAP IS FOR PARCEL BOUNDARY �i 100' ELEVATION CONTOUR
LANDFILL GAS, MONITORING WELL, REFERENCE ONLY! PROPERTY BOUNDARY 10' ELEVATION CONTOUR
Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of
AND SURFACE WATER information, errors and conditions originating from LANDFILL EXTENT UNNAMED TRIBUTARY
the physical sources used to develop the database
SAMPLING LOCATIONS may be reflected in the data supplied. 50' PROPERTY BOUNDARY BUFFER PERENNIAL
The requestor must be aware of data conditions and r ,«.
WCU CLOSED MSWLF ultimately bear responsibility for the appropriate MW-1MONITORING WELL LOCATION INTERMITTENT
CULLOWHEE NORTH CAROLINA use of the al ma scale, collection
methodology,
, errors, original map scale, collection methodology, Q LG-1 LANDFILL GAS WELL LOCATION
currency of data, and other conditions specific to certain data.
SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATION
PREPARED: 10/10/2022 PROJECT: 8252-15-0221 Figure No.
Feet BY; G. HUTCHINS MAP PROJECTION: NC State Plane (NAD83, GRS1980)
17, 0 160 320
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Fl ;P1WeAem C-1-Un—ty\GIS\SiteMap 2022.—

NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
Notice: This)brut and any information attached to it are "Public Reeorrds"as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
availablefor inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Facility Name:wLk - M 5 WL � Permit Number: 5b . c i_
Sampling Date: f 2—ONC Landfill Rule A50 or .1600): - 0 S d0
Sample Collector Name & Position: C6414� Z Pia �� r 7�lpe,2 (ram � r
_5x� Gas Meter Type &Serial Number: 5a40-t G�dlGas Meter Calibration Date: �a
Field Calibration Date & Time: 15' 1,3121OZ 3 !Z - 4-3
Field Calibration Gas Type SI 55 r 35150): Z� /
.15 Field Calibration Gas Canister Expiration Date;
Gas Meter Pump bate: 0.9 �,& r� .
a� 5��� P C�1�•
Ambient Air Temperature: Barometric Pressure to r,nm Ngy:"� Weather Conditions: r o
Instructions: Under "Location or LFG Well", list monitoring well # or describe monitoring location (e.g,, inside field off lee).
Attach a test location map or drawing. Report methane readings as both % LEL and % CHa by volume.
Convert 1 CH4 (by volume) to % LEL as follows: % methane (by volume) x 20 = %LEL.
*Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas monitoring may be required for Construction & Demolition Landfills (CDf rrs). See individual
permit conditions andlor Facility LFG monitoring plan.
UWt1Ut1 or L
IWell ID
sampie
Purge
Purge
Time of
Day
Time
P�Ped
[sec]
Initial
/o LEL
5oabilired
/a LEL
% CHa
(volume)
ova C2
(volume)
%CO2
(volume)
% H2S•
(volume)
NOTES
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NOTE- If needed attach additional data forms to include additional LFG monttoring data Ioeanons for the fatuity.
ACTION LEVELS.- Methane: >_1.25)% by volume (inside structures) AND >5`Yo by volume (at facility boundary)
Hydrogen Sulfide: mot% by volume (inside structures) AND >41/o by volume tat facility boundary)
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments
are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation,
or certification including the possibili of a fine and imprisonment.
S IGNATU 1U TITLE
Revised — February 4, 2020

IV-1 le-1
CALIBRATION LOG
i
LANDTEC - GEM 5000+
ES 4 1255
_ .......
.• . ._ ,.......
Calibrated materialr_equired.
METHANE Lot: 304-402130279-1 OXYGEN Lot:
304-402396492-1
HIGH Exp: 6/7/2025
LOW Exp:
4/20/2026
METHANE Lot: 304-402229330-1 CARBON Lot:
304-402342277-1
LOW Exp: 10/7/2025
MONOXIDE Exp:
2/2/2026
OXYGEN Lot: 23-9496
HYDROGEN Lot:
304-402229326-1
HIGH Exp; 3/1/2027
SULFIDE Exp:
10/7/2023
Carbon Filter Saturatioi,- (Cl-14) - Condition:
PASS
Gas Calibration Check Performed at Room Temperature
54�00+
SENSOR
Initial Reading CAL Reading
Tolerance
Comments
CH4 (%)
0.0
0.0
+1- 0.5%
CO ( m)
0.0
0.0
+1- 5 ppm
142S { m)
0.0
0.0
+1- 5 ppm
H2 (%)
0.0
0.0
SENSOR
initial Reading_CAL
Reading
Tolerance
Comments
-U.5%
o
32.4
35.O
1.5%
I Mr THANE
SENSOR
Initial Reading CAL Reading
Tolerance
Comments
a
°
+1-1.5%
02 (%)
0.0
0.0
+1- 1.5%
SENSOR
Initial Reading
CAL Reading
Tolerance
Comments
02 (°;,)
21.0 2[}_9
+1- 0.5%
SENSOR
lnidal Reading C AI. itead;ngT
Tolerance
Comments
02 (` )
4. 4.0
+1- 0.5%
I_n_ itial Readin• C: 1L ReadingTolerance
Comments
=SE-:NS0R
)
1010 1000
+1-50 m
ENSOR
Initial (leading CAL Readin
Tolerance
Comments
H2S (m)
199
200
+1- 10 ppm
Signature: WH hate: 5/16/2023

tNI t75F'O64('Y7, fir'. ❑Paper Report [:]Electronic Data - Email CD (data loaded: Yes ! No) DoclEvent #:
ANC DENR I I Environmental Monitoring
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Reporting Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instruction§:
• Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
• Please type or print legibly.
• Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed NC 2L groundwater standards or NC 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off -site source, pre-existing
condition, etc.).
• Attach a notification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed the reporting limits.
Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This Includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(i).
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDENR-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
lid Waste.Marltari�n' Pat
al. Sutimittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
WSP USA Environment & Infrastructure Inc.
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Rodney Clark
E-mail: [e-mail]
Phone: [phone]
NC Landfill Rule: Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # (.0500 or. 1600) October 20-24, 2006)
Western Carolina University Monteith Gap Road (State Road 1336) 50-01 0.0500 May 19, 2023
MSW Landfill Cullowhee, Jackson County, NC 28723
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
Initial/Background Monitoring 0 Detection Monitoring Assessment Monitoring ❑ Corrective Action
of data submitted: (Check all that apply)
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells OX Methane gas monitoring data
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells Corrective action data (specify)
Leachate monitoring data
Surface water monitoring data Other(specify)
Notification attached?
eNo. No groundwater or surface water standards were exceeded.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding a groundwater or surface water standard is attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC 213 surface water standard or NC Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of any concentration.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It includes the methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values,and explosive methane gas limits.
C. ertific�rtion .': ,
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and Imprisonment.
Rodney Clark, LG Project Geologist [phone]
Facility Reprt�ewr;gtive Nam�(Print) Tjpyer I (Area Code) Telephone Number
Signature
1348 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28806
Facility Representative Address
F-1253
NC PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
Date
//2c2
Affix NC Licensed/ Profgq��gnal Geologist Seal
SEPAL-
2161
V
Revised 612009