3412_Forsyth_OldSalisburyRoad_CDLF_PTO_WQMP_FID1388728_20200128

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Water • Wastewater • Solid Waste
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Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill �1J�
Contents
Contents
1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Facility Background.......................................................................................................1
1.2 Regulatory Authority.....................................................................................................1
1.3 Geologic Characteristics...............................................................................................1
1.3.1 Regional Geologic and Hydrogeologic Frame Work...............................................1
1.3.2 Site Specific Topography and Drainage.................................................................2
1.3.3 Site Specific Hydrogeology....................................................................................2
1.4 Monitoring History .........................................................................................................5
2 Monitoring Network..............................................................................................................5
2.1 Groundwater.................................................................................................................7
2.1.1 Naming Conventions..............................................................................................7
2.1.2 New and Replacement Wells.................................................................................7
2.1.3 Abandonment of Wells...........................................................................................8
2.2 Surface Water...............................................................................................................8
3 Waste Acceptability..............................................................................................................8
4 Sampling Schedule..............................................................................................................8
5 Sampling Procedures...........................................................................................................8
5.1 Static Groundwater Level and Total Depth Measurements...........................................8
5.2 Well Purging.................................................................................................................9
5.3 Field Analysis..............................................................................................................10
5.4 Sample Withdrawal.....................................................................................................10
5.5 Equipment Decontamination.......................................................................................11
5.6 Sample Preservation and Handling.............................................................................11
5.7 Sample Containers.....................................................................................................11
5.8 Sample Preservation...................................................................................................11
5.9 Chain of Custody Programs........................................................................................12
5.9.1 Sample Labels.....................................................................................................12
5.9.2 Sample Seal........................................................................................................12
5.9.3 Field Log Book.....................................................................................................13
5.9.4 Chain of Custody Record.....................................................................................13
5.9.5 Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control Sample Blanks......................................13
5.9.6 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control......................................................14

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill �1
Contents J
5.9.7 Visual Inspection..................................................................................................14
6 Data Evaluation.................................................................................................................14
7 Data Reporting...................................................................................................................14
7.1 Report Frequency.......................................................................................................15
7.2 Recordkeeping............................................................................................................15
Tables
Table 1 Groundwater monitoring well details...............................................................................6
Table2 Sampling Schedule........................................................................................................6
Table 3 Required containers and preservation techniques........................................................12
Figures
Figure 1 Site Map with Sampling Locations.................................................................................3
Appendices
Appendix 1 — Relevant Site Documents
C&D Landfill Sampling Memo, July 2018
NCDEQ 1,4 Dioxane Memo, May 2018
Assessment Monitoring Approval, May 2016
Assessment Monitoring Approval, February 2014
Assessment Monitoring Request, February 2014
Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling for Landfills, April 2008
Appendix 2 — Groundwater Well Details and Logs
Appendix 3 — Sample Forms
Field Data Sheet
Chain of Custody Form
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form
EDD Template
Appendix 4 — NCDEQ Groundwater References
Environmental Monitoring Data Memo, October 2007
Addendum to October 2006 Memo, February 2007
Guidelines for Electronic Submittal, Memo October 2006
Appendix I Constituent List
Appendix 11 Constituent List

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Introduction
1 Introduction
This Groundwater Monitoring Plan for the Old Salisbury Road Construction and Demolition
Debris (C&D) Landfill (OSR), is intended to update and replace the plan approved in April of
2015 as part of the previous permit renewal process.
1.1 Facility Background
The OSR landfill is permitted for 56 acres and is situated within a 140-acre tract north of
Friedberg Church Road and west of Old Salisbury Road in Forsyth County, North Carolina. The
site is accessed via Old Salisbury Road (State Road 3011). The Davidson County line borders
the site to the south. The location of the OSR landfill is illustrated on Figure 1.
1.2 Regulatory Authority
The site is operated under North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ)
facility permit number 34-12. The facility was first issued a permit to operate on July 3, 1996 and
opened in August of the same year. The monitoring requirements for this site are addressed by
North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0544. This plan addresses the
monitoring requirements for groundwater and surface water. Landfill gas is addressed in a
separate monitoring plan.
1.3 Geologic Characteristics
This section paraphrases the descriptions provided in the July 2003 Ground Water Monitoring
Plan and the 2003 Design Hydrogeologic Investigation Report.
1.3.1 Regional Geologic and Hydrogeologic Frame Work
According to the 1985 Geologic Map of North Carolina, OSR is located in the Charlotte belt of
the Piedmont Physiographic Province. This province contains metamorphic and igneous
plutonic rocks, which in some areas have been extensively weathered and eroded forming an
undulating and well -dissected topography. The area is underlain by granite rock, which is
commonly megacrystic to equigranular in texture.
The bedrock is typically fractured and is overlain by highly weathered bedrock called saprolite.
The saprolite varies in thickness from a few feet near bedrock outcrops to over 100 feet. The
saprolitic material retains some of the original (relict) structural features of the parent rock. The
nearer surface residual soils are formed by the in -place physical and chemical weathering of the
saprolite and usually do not retain the relict structural features.
Subsurface conditions generally consist of a veneer of topsoil underlain by residual soils,
saprolite, partially weathered rock, and fractured rock. There is generally a gradual transition
from one material type to the next with varying thickness of each.
In the Piedmont Physiographic Province, groundwater is present within the openings created by
fractures and joints within the bedrock and within the pore spaces of the overlying-saprolite. The
saprolite/bedrock aquifers are primarily recharged by precipitation in the inter -stream areas,
which infiltrates through the unsaturated zone to the water table. The depth to ground water is

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Introduction
generally deeper beneath uplands than beneath valleys. The water table is commonly close to
the top of bedrock and is more often than not, located within the saprolite. Groundwater moves
laterally and downward through the saprolite and bedrock toward streams, springs, and surface
water bodies. The water table surface is generally a subdued reflection of the surface
topography.
1.3.2 Site Specific Topography and Drainage
Surface drainage at the subject site is primarily controlled by a north -northwesterly trending
ridge within the property. Construction of the landfill generally mimics and replaced the natural
ridge that existed prior to the landfill. This ridge directs runoff northeast, west and southwest into
tributaries of South Fork Muddy Creek. The majority of surface runoff within this site is directed
to South Fork Muddy Creek on the north. A small area in the extreme southeasterly section of
the site appears to drain south into Miller Creek. Both the South Fork Muddy Creek and Miller
Creek flow to the west where they converge with Muddy Creek. Muddy Creek flows to the south
and converges with the Yadkin River.
1.3.3 Site Specific Hydrogeology
As documented in the Design Hydrogeological Investigation Report submitted by HDR on
December 2, 2003, the uppermost unconfined aquifer underlying the facility is comprised of
three units. The stratigraphic downward progression of the three units is saprolite transitioning
into partially weather bedrock, then competent bedrock. Ground water flow through the saprolite
and partially weathered bedrock is through the soil matrix, while groundwater flow through the
bedrock is primarily fracture flow.
The average effective porosity of the saprolite stratum is 17, while the saprolite transition zone
has an effective porosity of 25. The effective porosity of the bedrock is significantly less at 2.
The calculated hydraulic conductivity (K) for the saprolite is 0.259 feet per day (ft/day) (9.1 x 10-1
cm/sec). The calculated average hydraulic conductivity for the transition zone is 0.466 ft/day
(1.65 x 10-4 cm/sec). The calculated hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock aquifer was slower
than either the saprolite or transition zone units with a K value of 0.043 ft/day (1.5 x 10-1
cm/sec). Detailed calculations of the hydraulic conductivity, flow rates, and porosity were
provided in the 2003 Design Hydrogeological Investigation Report.
Based on historical field observations (i.e., soil boring records) and laboratory test results from
the 2003 Design Hydrogeological Investigation Report, the uppermost unconfined aquifer
beneath the facility predominantly exists within the unconsolidated saprolitic soil and transition
zone units that have been classified as micaceous silty sands and sandy silts produced by the
in -situ weathering of the granodiorite parent rock. Groundwater flow within the uppermost
aquifer is predominantly porous flow through the unconsolidated units. There is no evidence of
discrete flow patterns within the saprolite and transition zones of the uppermost aquifer resulting
from relict quartz veins, dikes, healed fractures, or strong preferential alignment of minerals (i.e.,
foliation). In general, the flow of groundwater occurs for the facility is from higher elevations
onsite to lower elevations onsite under unconfined (water table) conditions regardless of the unit
in which it resides. As such, the static water table generally mimics the topography.

7
8
PROJECTMANAGER M. PLUMMER, P.E.
P. BROWNSON, P.E.
E. TUCKER, E.I.
HDR Engineenng, Inc. 5 JAN. 2020 REVISED PER NO DEQ SWS COMMENTS
i — of the Carolinas
— - 4 NOV. 2019 REVISED PER NO DIED SWS COMMENTS
440 S Church Street 3 OCT. 3, 2019 SUBMITTED FOR PERMIT APPROVAL
Charlotte, NC 28202 2 MAY 22, 2014 REVISED TITLE BLOCK
704.338.6700
N.cs.e.rs.r���xmee�Fans 1 MAY 2014 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL
ISSUE DATE DESCRIPTION PROJECT NUMBER 10178340
OSR C&D LANDFILL
PERMIT AMENDMENT
WINSTON-SALEM NORTH CAROLINA
N
]ON FOR ALL PHASESOF THE
E PROVIDED BY MLA SURVEYING
2019. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE
-D BY CARTOGRAPHIC AERIAL
iLRVEYING COMPANY DATED JAN. 3,
TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PROVIDED
APPING INC. FOR BRADY SURVEYING
]I.
TAKEN FROM DATA SUPPLIED BY
ED MARCH 15, 1994.
!G STOCKPILE OBTAINED FROM CITY
-ED DECEMBER 2018.
WORKING FACE NOR ON THE
ILL PROCESSED CAB IS UTILIZED AT
AND PROCESSED WASTES WILL BE
:RE CONCRETE, ASPHALT, & BRICK
SSED AND PROCESSED WASTES WILL
PER RULE 15A NCAC 13B
S STORAGE SITE (TDDSS) BOUNDARY
OUNDARY BASED ON NO DEC SWS
020.
PROPERTY LINE
FACILITY LIMITS/PROPERTY LINE
COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY
PHASING LIMITS
ACTIVE LANDFILL LIMITS
— — — PHASES I, II, & III
CLOSURE LIMITS
CONCRETE, ASPHALT, &
BRICK (CAB) AREA
2019 TOPOGRAPHY
BOUNDARY
G POINTS
RING WELLS (MW & OW)
E PROBES (MM)
E WATER
HURCH RD.
SITE MAP
WITH MONITORING LOCATIONS
AND COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY
0 1" 2• FILENAME OOC-01.dwg SHEET
SCALE 1• zoo• FIGURE 1
D
C
B
A

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Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Monitoring Network
1.4 Monitoring History
A groundwater monitoring plan was originally prepared by S&ME and submitted by HDR with
the Site Plan Application in 1995. HDR has subsequently revised this plan multiple times by
letter: August 1999, October 1999, October 2002, April 2003, July 2003, and April 2015. The
plan with the amending letters was last approved by NCDEQ in the April 2015 operating permit
amendment.
OSR is in assessment monitoring due to exceedances of groundwater quality standards, as
specified in 15 NCAC 02L .0202 (2L Standards), for benzene and tetrachloroethene (PCE)
detected in well MW-2R during 2011. On December 9, 2011, an assessment monitoring plan for
MW-2R was submitted in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B. This plan was approved with two
exceptions on January 17, 2012. The first exception required the location of MW-15 to be in the
same flow path as MW-2R; the second required all wells to be sampled for 40 CFR Part 258 —
"Appendix II List of Hazardous Inorganic and Organic Constituents" (Appendix II) constituents.
In February 2014, Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities requested, and NCDEQ approved,
the following modifications to the facility's assessment monitoring plan.
• Groundwater monitoring wells MW-1 R, MW-2R, MW-4R and MW-15 will be sampled
semi-annually for Appendix I and the previously detected Appendix II constituents
• All 14 groundwater monitoring wells (including MW-1 R, MW-2R, MW-4R and MW-15)
will be sampled during every other fall event (odd years) for the entire Appendix II
constituent list
• Additional Appendix II constituents detected during these events will be added to the
sampling program for subsequent semiannual events.
In January 2016, HDR recommended changes to the semi-annual sampling schedule. NCDEQ
approved sampling for additional detected parameters. The request to remove selected
parameters from the sampling schedule was denied. On May 29, 2018, NCDEQ added 1,4-
Dioxane (p-Dioxane) to the sampling plan for all wells on a semi-annual basis with a 2L
Standard of 3 pg/L.
2 Monitoring Network
The 18 ground and surface water monitoring locations are depicted on Figure 1. Groundwater
monitoring well MW-1 R is located hydraulically upgradient of the landfill and is the background
well for the site. MW-6R was abandoned. Upstream surface water (SW-1) and downstream
surface water (SW-2) samples are obtained from the stream that flows east of the landfill unit.
Surface water samples (SW-3 and SW-4) are intermediate samples obtained from the drainage
channel in the vicinity of MW-2R. SW-3 is located south of the entrance road near MW-2R; SW-
4 is located on the north side of the entrance road, downstream of SW-3.

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Monitoring Network
Table 1 Groundwater monitoring well details
Depth:
Top Of
NC Sate
NC Sate
Well
Well Depth
Ground to
Casing
Ground
OSR LF
Plane
Plane
Diameter
(below
Top of
Screened
Screened Interval
Elevation
Elevation
WELL
Installed Abandoned
Northing
Easting
(inches)
ground)
Screen
Interval (ft)
Geology
(ft MSL)
(ft MSL)
MW-1R
12/27/1995
820,411
1,622,983
2
60.0
45
15
Granitic saprolite
836.42
833.40
MW-2R
12/29/1995
820,974
1,622,722
2
23.0
8
15
Granitic saprolite
785.22
781.81
MW-3R
7/7/1999
821,237
1,621,463
2
27.0
12
15
Granitic saprolite
776.60
772.90
MW-4R
12/28/1995
820,435
1,621,428
2
20.0
5
15
Granitic saprolite
767.96
765.70
MW-5R
12/29/1995
820,137
1,622,130
2
32.0
17
15
Granitic saprolite
784.36
782.30
MW-7
12/28/1995
820,886
1,621,424
2
48.0
33
15
Granitic saprolite
803.66
802.10
MW-8
7/7/1999
821,930
1,621,485
2
27.0
12
15
Granitic saprolite
762.50
759.80
MW-9
8/11/2004
822,311
1,621,986
2
60.0
45
15
Sand
790.28
788.04
MW-10
8/10/2004
822,626
1,622,699
2
21.0
6
15
Sand
738.21
735.70
MW-11
8/10/2004
822,307
1,622,838
2
20.0
5
15
Sand
732.59
730.35
MW-12
8/9/2004
821,844
1,622,955
2
16.0
6
10
Silt
739.07
736.41
MW-13
8/9/2004
821,500
1,622,915
2
20.0
5
15
Sand
751.23
749.19
MW-14
8/11/2004
822,420
1,622,260
2
60.0
45
15
Sand
783.88
781.44
MW-15
4/6/2012
821,083
1,622,884
2
48.2
33.2
15
Bedrock
802.85
800.58
MW-6R
7/8/1999 8/16/2004
821.079
1.622.430
2
60.0
45
15
PWR
820.40
817.80
Dedicated QED micropurge pumps were installed in August 2004 to collect samples from each
of the landfill groundwater wells. The sampled locations are evaluated by the methods and for
the analytical parameters listed in the current sampling schedule. Field measurements of pH,
conductivity, redox, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and depth to groundwater are also
collected for each well listed in the current sampling schedule. Table 2 illustrates the sampling
schedule current at the time this plan was prepared. This schedule may be updated
occasionally with written notice to and concurrence of the NCDEQ Division of Waste
Management Solid Waste Section compliance hydrogeologist.
Table 2 Sampling schedule
Method Parameter(s)* Frequency Monitoring Surface
wells water
EPA
300.0
Sulfate
2x/year
All
All
EPA
6010
Trace Metals
2x/year
All
All
EPA
7470
Mercury
2x/year
All
All
Pesticides: All
Fall of odd years
All
None
(2019)
Pesticides recently detected:
EPA
4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDT, Aldrin, alpha-
MW-1 R, MW-
8081
BHC, delta-BHC, Endosulfan I,
2x/year
2R, MW-4,
None
Endosulfan ll, Endrin, Endrin
MW-7, MW-10
aldehyde, Heptachlor, Heptachlor
& MW-15
epoxide & Methoxychlor
EPA
PCBs: All
Fall of odd years
All
None
8082
(2019)
Herbicides: All
Fall of odd years
All
None
(2019)
EPA
8151
Herbicides previously detected:
MW-1 R, MW-
2,4,5-TP (Silvex), 2,4-D
2x/year
2RMW-4R &
,
None
MW-15
6

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill �J�`
Monitoring Network
Method Parameter(s)'
Frequency Monitoring Surface
wells water
App I VOCs + Tetrahydrofuran
2x/year
All All
All None
Appendix II VOCs
Fall of odd years
EPA
(2019)
8260
Appendix II VOCs recently detected:
2x/year
All
_
None
Di ch I orodifl uorom ethane
1,4-Dioxane
I 2x/year
I All
I All
-7
SVOCs: All
Fall of odd years
All
I None
(2019) _
SVOCs recently detected:
I MW-1 R, MW-
EPA
8270
Benzo(a)anthracene, Bis(2-
2R, MW-4R
ethyl hexyl)phthalate, Chrysene
2x/year
,
MW-3R & MW-
SW-2
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, &
15
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
SM
2320B
Alkalinity
2x/year
All
All
SM
2540C
Total Dissolved Solids
2x/year
All
All
Sm
4500
Chloride, Cyanide, Sulfide
Temperature, Specific conductance,
2x/year
All
All
Field
Dissolved Oxygen, Redox, Turbidity,
2x/year
All
All
pH
Field
I Total well depth, static water level
I 2x/year
I All
I NA
Additional Appendix II constituents detected during the full Appendix II events will be added to the sampling program for
subsequent semiannual events
2.1 Groundwater
2.1.1 Naming Conventions
New wells will be labeled sequentially based on the installation date; however, if several wells
are installed during the same mobilization they may be labeled in the order of the plan. All
groundwater wells will be labeled "MW-##" where the ## is the next available number. A suffix of
"R#" will be added for replacement wells, where # is the sequence of replacement. The use of R
and R1 will be considered synonymous.
2.1.2 New and Replacement Wells
New and replacement monitoring wells will be added to the system as needed and will be
installed per NCDEQ requirements and Rule 15A NCAC 2C. Well labels shall include all
pertinent construction data including name, date and depth. New wells will be sampled on the
same schedule as existing wells.
A well will be considered a replacement well if the original well is or will be abandoned and the
well will be located in the same vicinity as the well it is replacing. Formerly, the location of the
replacement well was not a criterion for labeling the well as a replacement and wells that were
not in the same vicinity have been labeled as replacement wells. Whenever possible,
replacement wells will be installed before abandonment of the well to be replaced, so that

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill
Waste Acceptability J
samples and measurements may be obtained for comparison purposes. Otherwise a well will be
considered new.
2.1.3 Abandonment of Wells
All damaged or replaced wells shall be abandoned in accordance with NCDEQ requirements for
well abandonment and Rule 15A NCAC 02C .0113.
2.2 Surface Water
The surface water system currently consists of one upstream point (SW-1) and three downstream
points (SW-2, SW-3 and SW-4). Upstream surface water and downstream surface water samples
are obtained from the adjacent stream to the east. Surface water samples (SW-3 and SW-4) were
obtained from the drainage channel in the vicinity of MW-2R. SW-3 is located south of the entrance
road near MW-2R; SW-4 is located on the north side of the entrance road, downstream of SW-3.
3 Waste Acceptability
Waste acceptability is addressed in the Permit Application's Operations Plan (Appendix C).
Please refer to Sections 2 Standard Operating Procedures and 3 Waste Screening Procedures
of the Operations Plan for further information.
4 Sampling Schedule
Data will be collected from the 14 on -site groundwater wells and four surface water sampling
locations. Table 2 provides a list of the sample locations and the sample frequency for the
associated analytical parameters. The sampling schedule is based on the solid waste list of
regulated parameters. The monitoring wells and surface water sampling locations listed in Table
1 will be sampled semi-annually.
5 Sampling Procedures
The NCDEQ Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling will be strictly
followed during field sampling events. These guidelines are found in Appendix 1.
i Static Groundwater Level and Total Depth Measurements
The depth from the top of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) casing to groundwater is measured to the
nearest 0.01 foot prior to purging each well. This depth to water, when subtracted from the
reference datum, provides a groundwater surface elevation.
Record a complete set of water -level measurements within a 24-hour period for use in
generating a potentiometric surface map. Water level measurements should also be recorded
immediately prior to purging, along with a measurement of the total well depth. This data is
required to determine the current hydraulic surface, to calculate the volume of water to be
purged, and to check well integrity. All measurements are to be made in reference to the
surveyed reference notch made on the top of the PVC well casing (TOC), and are recorded in
the field log book to the nearest 1/100th of a foot. In order to avoid any possibility of well

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Sampling Procedures
cross -contamination, the water level indicator probe will be rinsed with a laboratory -grade,
phosphate -free detergent, rinsed with tap water, and then finally rinsed with deionized water
after each well is measured.
Perform the measurement to static groundwater will be performed using an electronic water
level indicator. Electronic water level indicators generally consist of a probe attached to a spool
of dual conductor wire and an indicator. When the probe is lowered into the well and comes into
contact with the water, it completes the circuit and registers the contact and will light and/or
sound.
Total well depth should be determined for each sampling event by lowering a water level
indicator probe until the weighted end is felt to be on the bottom. The total depth can then be
read off the indicator cable.
5.2 Well Purging
Purging and sample collections activities will begin at the background well(s) and generally
progress from the upgradient areas to the downgradient areas and from wells that are the least
impacted to those that are the most impacted.
Purge each well will be purged to remove any stagnant water that may not be representative of
actual groundwater quality prior to sampling. Purging three well volumes is generally adequate
to reach a stabilized condition as described below. A well volume can be calculated by the
following formula.
Z V = 7.480527rh (2)
Where: V= volume of water (gallons)
7.48052 = the number of gallons in 1 cubic foot
7r = 3.14159
h = height of water column (feet)
D= inside diameter of pipe (feet)
Wells that are purged dry shall be allowed to recover sufficiently to allow complete sampling of
the required parameters, using the protocol outlined below. The stability of temperature, specific
conductance, and pH will be checked immediately after well recovery against the previous
indicator parameter measurements.
No smoking, use of insect repellents, or the running of motor vehicles should occur in the
immediate vicinity during purging or sampling.
Decontaminate all purging/sampling equipment prior to placement into each well and handle in
a manner to prevent interwell contamination. Equipment shall not be placed in contact with
unclean surfaces. Do not place sample bottles and field instrumentation directly on the ground
surface. Place plastic sheeting on the ground around the well casing to reduce the possibility of
contamination. Samplers shall wear a clean pair of new, disposable gloves each time a different
well is sampled, and gloves will be donned immediately prior to purging and shall be changed
prior to sampling, if necessary.

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Sampling Procedures
Purge water from wells with contaminant levels greater than 10 times the maximum contaminant
level (MCL), based on the previous sampling event, will be containerized for disposal at a
wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Purge water from other wells shall be disposed of
upgradient of the wells being sampled or to a WWTP.
5.3 Field Analysis
Perform the field analyses by using field test meters that are calibrated prior to beginning well
purging, following the calibration procedures specified for each instrument. Carry out calibration
for the pH/temp meter using standard buffer solutions (pH 7 and pH 4) and a laboratory
thermometer. Calibrate the conductivity meter to two standards. The standards shall bracket the
average conductivity expected for the landfill, once the site's average conductivity has been
determined. Measure Redox reduction —oxidation reaction (redox) and turbidity at each well.
Field analysis will be performed throughout the well purging process to determine temperature
(°C), pH, and specific conductivity (pmhos/cm) as indicators of groundwater quality stabilization.
Water stabilization is achieved when specific conductance and temperature variance is within
±10 percent on three successive measurements and pH variance is within ±0.2 SU over three
successive measurements. Turbidity should be less than 5 NTU or within ±10 percent on three
successive measurements. Redox should be ±10 percent on three successive measurements
and ORP oxidation-reduction potential should be ± 10 millivolts on three successive
measurements.
Sample field data sheets are provided in Groundwater Monitoring Plan Appendix D43.
5.4 Sample Withdrawal
Use a variable speed micro -purge pump to evacuate groundwater from each well until
stabilization of measured field parameters (pH, conductivity, redox, temperature, turbidity, and
dissolved oxygen) has occurred. Following completion of purging activities, sample the wells
using the same pump and record field parameters (pH, specific conductance, redox, turbidity,
dissolved oxygen, and temperature) on field sampling logs. Copies of these logs are provided in
Appendix D2.
Pumping rates should not exceed 500 mL/minute. Sample collection will be performed in a
manner to ensure that agitation and aeration of the groundwater will be minimized. Fill the
containers in the following sequence of decreasing volatility: volatile organics, metals, chloride,
nitrate, pH, and specific conductivity. Place the samples directly into the appropriately prepared
container, as supplied by the laboratory.
Collect sufficient sample volume to perform all required analyses and to provide for quality
control samples. Do not overfill sample bottles containing preservatives. Consult the laboratory
scheduled to perform the analysis prior to the sampling event to confirm volume and analysis
requirements.
Fill all preserved samples to nearly full, only so as not to flush the preservative from the bottle.
Gently fill volatile organic compound (VOC) vials gently to near the top, and then fill the
remainder of the vial by placing a small amount of the groundwater into the vial cap and
10

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Sampling Procedures
transferring this water to the sample vial until a convex meniscus is formed. Once the cap is
placed onto the vial, the sample will be inverted and lightly tapped by hand to verify that air
bubbles are not present. Immediately place the samples on ice for transport to the laboratory.
5.5 Equipment Decontamination
Decontaminate the non -dedicated down hole equipment prior to use or reuse. Decontaminate
water level meters and other auxiliary equipment should be decontaminated using a laboratory -
grade, phosphate -free detergent, rinsed with tap water, and a final rinse with deionized water.
Decontamination solutions are prepared and transported to the field for cleaning the sampling
equipment. The decontamination procedure for sampling equipment includes the following
steps.
Clean equipment will be cleaned with dilute laboratory -grade phosphate -free detergent and tap
water using a brush to remove particulate matter and surface films.
1. Rinse with tap water.
2. Rinse with a 10 percent nitric acid solution.
3. Rinse thoroughly with deionized water.
4. Rinse twice with isopropanol.
5. Rinse thoroughly with organic -free water and air dry.
6. If organic -free water is not available, allow equipment to air dry, do not rinse again with
deionized or distilled water.
7. Wrap equipment with aluminum foil (shiny side out), if appropriate, to prevent
contamination during storage or transportation.
5.6 Sample Preservation and Handling
This section addresses the preservation methods and handling of samples.
5.7 Sample Containers
Use sample containers supplied by the contracted laboratory based on the analyses required.
Take care to prevent contamination of the containers in the field.
5.8 Sample Preservation
Field preservation of samples is generally accomplished by pH control, the addition of
chemicals, temperature control, and protection from light. Sample containers are received from
the laboratory pre -labeled with the analysis to be performed and with preservatives added as
necessary. Once properly capped, the container is inverted once to mix the preservative and
sample. The containers are then securely packed into an insulated cooler with ice packs. Upon
completion of the sampling event, the containers are transported to the laboratory for analysis in
the most efficient manner. Overnight delivery services are typically employed to transport
samples to the laboratory. The laboratory shall be certified by the state of North Carolina.
Maximum holding times prior to analyses can be found in Table 3.
11

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Sampling Procedures
Table 3 Required containers and preservation techniques
Constituent
Type of
containers(')
Preservative
Maximum
holding time
Ammonia (as N)
P, G
Cool 4°C; H2SO4 to pH <2
28 Days
Bicarbonate
P, G
None
14 Days
Calcium (EPA 6010)
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Chloride
P
None
28 Days
Fluoride
P
None
28 Days
Iron
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Magnesium
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Nitrate (as N)
T, P, G
Cool 4°C
48 Hours
Potassium (EPA 6010)
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Sodium
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Sulfate
P
Cool 4°C
28 Days
BOD
P
Cool 4°C
48 Hours
TOC
G
Cool 4°C, HCL to pH <2
28 Days
Arsenic
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Barium
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Cadmium
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Chromium
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Lead
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Nickel
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Mercury
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
28 Days
Selenium
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Silver
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Zinc
P, G
HNO3 to pH <2
6 Months
Cyanide
P
Sodium Hydroxide pH >12 Cool 4°C
14 Days
Volatile Organics
G, T-lined
1 + 1 HCL, pH <2, Cool 4°C
14 Days
(1) P — Polyethylene; G — Glass; T - Fluorocarbon Resins (PTFE, Teflon, REP, FFA, etc.)
5.9 Chain of Custody Programs
The chain of custody program has been developed to provide for tracking of individual samples
from the time of the field sampling event through laboratory analysis. Items included in the chain
of custody program are: sample labels, sample seals, field log book, and chain of custody
record.
5.9.1 Sample Labels
Each sample container is affixed with a durable label which will be filled out using a waterproof
pen or marker. Information to be shown on the label includes, but is not limited to, the following.
• Sample number
• Date and time of collection
• Location
• Name of collector
• Parameter to be analyzed
• Type of preservative
5.9.2 Sample Seal
12

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Sampling Procedures
To ensure that samples have not been disturbed during shipment, a seal will be placed on
individual containers or the entire package.
5.9.3 Field Log Book
All observations and field activities will be recorded in a project -dedicated log book or on field
sheets, which are placed into the project files. Field personnel, date, time, weather, results of in
field analysis, and other pertinent data shall be recorded.
5.9.4 Chain of Custody Record
Each sample will be documented on a chain of custody record; a sample form is provided in
Appendix D43. The form is to be completed in black or blue (reproducible) ink. The following
information shall be recorded.
• Project number.
• Project name.
• All samplers' signatures in the designated block.
• The sampling station number, date, and time of sample collection, grab or composite
sample designation, and a brief description of the type of sample and the sampling
location are included on each line (no more than one sample is included on each line of
the sample record).
• The total number of sample containers is given in the indicated space for each sampling
location medium. The total number of individual containers is also given for each type of
analysis under the indicated medium or miscellaneous columns. The type of container
and required analyses is circled as indicated on the record.
• The tag numbers for each sample and any needed remarks are supplied in the indicated
column.
• The remarks column at the bottom of the form is used to record airbill numbers or
registered or certified mail serial numbers or other pertinent information as needed.
• The field investigator and subsequent transferee(s) documents the transfer of the
samples listed on the record in the space provided at the bottom of the record. One of
the samplers documented under the sampler(s) section of the record is the person that
originally relinquished the samples. Usually, the last person receiving the samples or
evidence is a laboratory sample custodian or other evidence clerk.
The chain of custody record is a serialized document. Once the record is completed, it is
maintained in the project file. A completed copy of the chain of custody record is submitted to
NC DENR NCDEQ along with the analytical reports during each routine reporting period.
5.9.5 Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control Sample Blanks
To demonstrate the quality of the laboratory data, quality control (QC) samples are collected.
DUPLICATE
A duplicate sample shall be obtained from a different well for each event. The associated well ID
will be noted on the field logs. The sample will only be identified on the chain of custody record
and jar labels as "Duplicate".
13

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Data Evaluation
TRIP BLANK
At least one trip blank will be included for each VOC sampling event. The trip blank is prepared
by the contracted laboratory by filling one container with deionized water. This container is then
transported to the sampling site and handled as if it were a collected sample.
EQUIPMENT BLANK
At least one equipment (rinsate) blank shall be collected for each sampling event that requires
field decontamination. The blank shall be collected from the equipment after use on a
contaminated well. The equipment blank is prepared by filling the decontaminated sampling
device with deionized water and then transferring it to an appropriate sample container. This
container is then handled in the same manner as other samples. Equipment decontaminated in
both the field and the office will be utilized as candidates for equipment blanks.
FIELD BLANK
A field blank will be collected in the event that weather or environmental conditions are unstable
in the vicinity of the well while it is being sampled (i.e., heavy winds, rain, dust, and heavy
equipment operation).
5.9.6 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control
The contracted laboratory is given the flexibility to use any QA/QC program appropriate for the
specified analysis. The laboratory shall provide verification of this program's use with the results
of the sample analyses. A North Carolina certified groundwater laboratory shall perform the
required testing.
5.9.7 Visual Inspection
A visual inspection of the wells will be conducted in conjunction with the monitoring events. The
inspection schedule will increase with any increases in the monitoring schedule. Any
abnormalities regarding the condition of the well will be noted on the field log and immediately
addressed. The following elements will be inspected.
• Well label.
• Condition of protective cover, concrete pad, and lock.
• Well depth.
• Well surroundings including access roads, standing water, and vegetation.
6 Data Evaluation
Groundwater data will be evaluated graphically for consistency with previous results. If
inconsistencies are observed, the site will begin assessment activities as defined in 15NA
NCAC 13B .0545, otherwise the data will be reported and the site will continue in detection
monitoring.
7 Data Reporting
Data collected as a result of implementation of this plan shall be submitted to NCDEQ
electronically. The laboratory analysis output shall be provided in NCDEQ's electronic data
deliverable (EDD) format. Details of the EDD format and other documents related to reporting
14

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill
Data Reporting
requirements are provided in Appendix 4. An interpretation of the results shall be included in the
reports.
The reports shall be sent to:
NCDEQ Environmental Compliance
Solid Waste Section
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
7.1 Report Frequency
The semiannual monitoring report should include methane sampling, groundwater sampling and
analysis results since the last report. The report shall include recommendations for any changes
that should be made to this monitoring plan. This report shall be submitted twice a year, within
120 days of sample collection per 15A NCAC 13B.0544 and the C&D Landfill Sampling Memo
dated July 13, 2018 in Appendix 1.
.z Recordkeeping
OSR shall retain monitoring reports, records and supporting documentation in the facility
operating record throughout the post -closure period. These records will be made available for
review by NCDEQ personnel on request. Documentation of any contingency plan actions will
also be kept in the operating record.
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Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Data Reporting
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16

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Appendix 1 — Relevant Site Documents
C&D Landfill Sampling Memo, July 2018
NCDEQ 1,4 Dioxane Memo, May 2018
Assessment Monitoring Approval, May 2016
Assessment Monitoring Approval, February 2014
Assessment Monitoring Request, February 2014
Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface
Water Sampling for Landfills, April 2008

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Appendix 1 — Relevant Site Documents
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K. �
Waste Management
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
July 13, 2018
MEMORANDUM
To: Solid Waste Directors and Landfill Owners/Operators
ROY COOPER
Governor
MICHAEL S. REGAN
,:L., .
MICHAEL SCOTT
From: Ed Mussler, Section Chief
North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Re: Annual Detection Monitoring at Construction and Demolition Landfills
The purpose of this memorandum is to inform Construction and Demolition Landfill (CDLF)
owners and operators of Session Law 2018-65, House Bill 573 approved on June 25, 2018 which
allows for annual groundwater monitoring frequency at CDLF facilities permitted under 15A
NCAC 13B .0544 rules. An excerpt of the bill is provided below and the entire bill can be viewed
at the below link.
https://www.ncleg.net/Sessions/2017/Bills/House/PDF/H573v5.pdf
"SECTION 5.(c) Implementation. —Notwithstanding sub -subdivision (b)(1)(D) of the
Monitoring Plans and Requirements for C&DLF Facilities Rule, the Commission shall not
require semiannual monitoring frequency for required groundwater sampling but shall only
require such sampling on an annual basis "
For the purpose of clarification, the Solid Waste Section (SWS) presents the following
assertions.
• The above applies to active and closed "stand alone" CDLF facilities and CDLF units at
Municipal Solid Waste Facilities where monitoring can be done separately; and excludes
CDLF over MSWLF facilities.
• Annual sampling frequency is only allowed for those CDLF facilities in detection
monitoring. The sampling frequency at CDLF facilities conducting assessment or
corrective action activities shall be on at least a semi-annual basis or according to the CDLF
facility's approved Assessment or Corrective Action Work Plan. CDLF facilities with
State of North Carolina I Environmental Quality I Waste Management
217 West ]ones Street 1 I646 Mail ServiCe Center I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
9l9 707 8200

documented groundwater protection standard exceedances that have not initiated
assessment or corrective action should also conduct semi-annual groundwater monitoring.
• Annual basis shall be perceived as a calendar year meaning January 1st to December 31 st
CDLF owners and operators should communicate with their respective assigned SWS
hydrogeologist to determine the appropriate season for sampling (i.e. spring or fall).
• Due to possible changes in prescribed site -specific sampling seasons and/or the potential
for assessment activities, the SWS recommends CDLF owners and operators to continue
to budget for semiannual groundwater sampling each fiscal year.
• Water Quality Monitoring Plans (WQMP) at active CDLF facilities do not need to be
amended at this time. Appropriate amendments to the WQMP can be completed during
the next permit modification or permit renewal process at each active CDLF facility. For
closed CDLF facilities owners and operators should communicate with their respective
assigned SWS hydrogeologist to determine the appropriate WQMP modifications, if
warranted.
If you have any questions, please contact your Solid Waste Section hydrogeologist assigned to
your facility using the below link.
hitps:Hfiles.nc.gov/ncdeq/Waste%20Management/DWM/SW/EnvMonitoring StaffContactInfor
mation.pdf
Thank you for your cooperation in this matter.
State of North Carolina I Environmental Quality I Waste Management
217 West jones Street 1 I646 Mail Service Center I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
919 707 6200

ROY COOPER
Governor
K.1
MICHAEL S. REGAN � 0_
Waste Management MICHAEL SCOTTDirenu,
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
May 29, 2018
MEMORANDUM
To: Solid Waste Directors, Landfill Owners/Operators, and North Carolina Certified
Laboratories
From: Ed Mussler, Section Chief
North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Re: 1,4-Dioxane Analysis, Solid Waste Section Limits, and Laboratory Analytical
Methods
1,4-Dioxane Sampling
In accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0601, .0544, and .1632, the Solid Waste Section (Section) is
requiring that all groundwater and surface water samples collected at landfills after July 1, 2018
be analyzed for the constituent 1,4-Dioxane. It is primarily used as a stabilizer for chlorinated
solvents, however also used in many products including paint strippers, dyes, greases, varnishes
and waxes. Additionally, it is found in a variety of consumer products such as detergents,
shampoos, deodorants, and cosmetics. The current 15A NCAC 02L .0202 Standard for 1,4-
Dioxane is 3.0 µg/1. Due to the potential health hazards associated with 1,4-Dioxane, the Section
has determined that all landfills should begin analyzing groundwater and surface water samples
for 1,4-Dioxane to ensure protection of human health and the environment. A USEPA Technical
Fact Sheet for 1,4-Dioxane is provided in Appendix A of this Memorandum.
Solid Waste Section Limits & Laboratory Analytical Methods
In 2006, the Solid Waste Section made a policy decision to develop and use Solid Waste Section
Limits (SWSLs). The purpose for this policy decision was to ensure that low level analytical data
was consistently being reported for the purpose of making the correct choices when designing site
remediation strategies, alerting the public to health threats, and protecting the environment from
toxic contaminants. Over the past 12 years, technologies have advanced such that the majority of
the SWSLs are outdated. Given the rapid pace of technology, the need for the Section to attempt
to continuously update and/or maintain the SWSLs is not warranted.
State of North Carolina I Environmental Quality I Waste Management
217 West ]ones Street 1 I646 Mail ServiCe Center I Raleigh, NOrth Carolina 27699-1646
9l9 707 8200

Although the use of the SWSLs will be discontinued, facilities should choose EPA approved
analytical methods sufficiently sensitive to quantify the presence of a pollutant at or below
applicable standards. Consistently achieving low level data is key for the continued purpose of
making the correct choices when designing site remediation strategies, alerting the public to health
threats, and protecting the environment from toxic contaminants. Facilities should communicate
and coordinate with their analytical laboratory(s) to use sufficiently sensitive analytical methods
to achieve analytical results with detection limits below the applicable groundwater standards and
surface water standards. For guidance purposes, the Section recommends the use of the following
analytical methods for groundwater and surface water samples.
Volatile Organic Compounds
SW 846 Method 8260
1,4-Dioxane
SW 846 Method 8260 SIM
SW 846 Method 8270 SIM
Semi -Volatile Organic
SW 846 Method 8270
Compounds
Metals, Pesticides, PCBs,
SW 846 Methods, USEPA
Dioxins, Cyanide,
methods, or method published
Formaldehyde, and any other
in Standard Methods for the
constituents not covered by
Examination of Water and
above methods
Wastewater having the lowest
detection limits or having
detection limits below
applicable standards
Notes:
• The analytical methods should be the most recent versions of the analytical methods
tabulated above. For SW- 846 Methods, the latest edition of SW-846, including any
subsequent updates which have been incorporated into the edition, must be used. Sampling
must be planned so that required holding times for analytical methods are met.
• Select Ion Monitoring (SIM) is recommended when analyzing for 1,4-Dioxane in order to
achieve applicable detection limits. SIM may be useful for other VOCs/SVOC constituents.
• SW-846 Method 1610 does not have detection limits below the 1 SA NCAC 2L standards
for all of the hazardous substance list metals.
• The Section considers "J" flag values valid and relevant in the decision making process
and hence all "J" flag values should be reported.
If you have any questions, please contact Adam Ulishney at [phone] or via email at
adam.ulishney&ncdenr.gov. Thank you for your cooperation in this matter.
State of North Carolina I Environmental Quality I Waste Management
217 West ]ones Street 1 I646 Mail ServiCe Center I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
9l9 707 8200

APPENDIX A
State of North Carolina I Environmental Quality I Waste Management
217 West ]ones Street 1 I646 Mail ServiCe Center I Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
9l9 707 8200

■=. EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Technical Fact Sheet —
1,4-Dioxane
January 2014
Introduction
This fact sheet, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO), provides a
summary of the contaminant 1,4-dioxane, including physical and chemical
properties; environmental and health impacts; existing federal and state
guidelines; detection and treatment methods; and additional sources of
information. This fact sheet is intended for use by site managers who may
address 1,4-dioxane at cleanup sites or in drinking water supplies and for
those in a position to consider whether 1,4-dioxane should be added to the
analytical suite for site investigations.
1,4-Dioxane is a likely human carcinogen and has been found in
groundwater at sites throughout the United States. The physical and
chemical properties and behavior of 1,4-dioxane create challenges for its
characterization and treatment. It is highly mobile and has not been shown
to readily biodegrade in the environment.
What is 1,4-dioxane?
❖ 1,4-Dioxane is a synthetic industrial chemical that is completely miscible
in water (EPA 2006).
❖ Synonyms include dioxane, dioxan, p-dioxane, diethylene dioxide,
diethylene oxide, diethylene ether and glycol ethylene ether
(EPA 2006; Mohr 2001).
❖ 1,4-Dioxane is unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures and
may form explosive mixtures with prolonged exposure to light or air
(DHHS 2011; HSDB 2011).
❖ 1,4-Dioxane is a likely contaminant at many sites contaminated with
certain chlorinated solvents (particularly 1,1,1-trichloroethane [TCA])
because of its widespread use as a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents
(EPA 2013a; Mohr 2001)
❖ It is used as: a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents such as TCA; a solvent
for impregnating cellulose acetate membrane filters; a wetting and
dispersing agent in textile processes; and a laboratory cryoscopic solvent
for molecular mass determinations (ATSDR 2012; DHHS 2011; EPA
2006).
❖ It is used in many products, including paint strippers, dyes, greases,
varnishes and waxes. 1,4-Dioxane is also found as an impurity in
antifreeze and aircraft deicing fluids and in some consumer products
(deodorants, shampoos and cosmetics) (ATSDR 2012; EPA 2006; Mohr
2001).
Disclaimer: The U.S. EPA prepared this fact sheet from publically-available
sources; additional information can be obtained from the source documents. This
fact sheet is not intended to be used as a primary source of information and is not
intended, nor can it be relied upon, to create any rights enforceable by any party
in litigation with the United States. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
United States Office of Solid Waste and EPA 505-F-14-011
Environmental Protection Agency Emergency Response (5106P) January 2014
1

What is 1,4-dioxane? (continued)
❖ 1,4-Dioxane is used as a purifying agent in the
manufacture of pharmaceuticals and is a by-
product in the manufacture of polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) plastic (Mohr 2001).
❖ Traces of 1,4-dioxane may be present in some
food supplements, food containing residues from
packaging adhesives or on food crops treated with
pesticides that contain 1,4-dioxane as a solvent or
inert ingredient (ATSDR 2012; DHHS 2011).
Exhibit 1: Physical and Chemical Properties of 1,4-Dioxane
(ATSDR 2012; Howard 1990; HSDB 2011)
Property
Value
Abstracts Service (CAS) Number
123-91-1
Physical Description (physical state at room temperature)
Clear, flammable liquid with a faint, pleasant
odor
Molecular weight (g/mol)
88.11
Water solubility
Miscible
Melting point (°C)
11.8
Boiling point (°C) at 760 mm Hg
101.1 °C
Vapor pressure at 25°C (mm Hg)
38.1
Specific gravity
1.033
Octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow)
-0.27
Organic carbon partition coefficient (log Kos)
1.23
Henry's law constant at 25 °C (atm-m3/mol)
4.80 X 10-6
Abbreviations: g/mol — grams per mole; °C — degrees Celsius; mm Hg — millimeters of mercury;
atm-m3/mol — atmosphere -cubic meters per mole.
What are the environmental impacts of 1,4-dioxane?
❖ 1,4-Dioxane is released into the environment from surface water bodies (DHHS 2011; EPA
during its production, the processing of other 2006).
chemicals, its use and its generation as an
impurity during the manufacture of some
consumer products. It is typically found at some
solvent release sites and PET manufacturing
facilities (ATSDR 2012; Mohr 2001).
❖ It is short-lived in the atmosphere, with an
estimated 1- to 3-day half-life as a result of its
reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl
radicals (ATSDR 2012; DHHS 2011). Breakdown
products include aldehydes and ketones (Graedel
1986).
❖ It may migrate rapidly in groundwater, ahead of
other contaminants and does not volatilize rapidly
❖ Migration to groundwater is weakly retarded by
sorption of 1,4-dioxane to soil particles; it is
expected to move rapidly from soil to groundwater
(EPA 2006; ATSDR 2012).
It is relatively resistant to biodegradation in water
and soil and does not bioconcentrate in the food
chain (ATSDR 2012; Mohr 2001).
As of 2007, 1,4-dioxane had been identified at
more than 31 sites on the EPA National Priorities
List (NPL); it may be present (but samples were
not analyzed for it) at many other sites (HazDat
2007).
What are the routes of exposure and the health effects of 1,4-dioxane?
❖ Potential exposure could occur during production Inhalation is the most common route of human
and use of 1,4-dioxane as a stabilizer or solvent exposure, and workers at industrial sites are at
(DHHS 2011). greatest risk of repeated inhalation exposure
Exposure may occur through inhalation of vapors, (ATSDR 2012; DHHS 2011).
ingestion of contaminated food and water or
dermal contact (ATSDR 2012; DHHS 2011).

What are the routes of exposure and the health effects of 1,4-dioxane?
(continued)
❖ 1,4-Dioxane is readily adsorbed through the
lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Some
1,4-dioxane may also pass through the skin, but
studies indicate that much of it will evaporate
before it is absorbed. Distribution is rapid and
uniform in the lung, liver, kidney, spleen, colon
and skeletal muscle tissue (ATSDR 2012).
❖ Short-term exposure to high levels of 1,4-
dioxane may result in nausea, drowsiness,
headache, and irritation of the eyes, nose and
throat (ATSDR 2012; EPA 2013b; NIOSH 2O10)
❖ Chronic exposure may result in dermatitis,
eczema, drying and cracking of skin and liver
and kidney damage (ATSDR 2012; HSDB
2011).
❖ 1,4-Dioxane is weakly genotoxic and
reproductive effects in humans are unknown;
however, a developmental study on rats
indicated that 1,4-dioxane may be slightly toxic
to the developing fetus (ATSDR 2012; Giavini
and others 1985).
❖ Animal studies showed increased incidences of
nasal cavity, liver and gall bladder tumors after
exposure to 1,4-dioxane (DHHS 2011; EPA IRIS
2013).
❖ EPA has classified 1,4-dioxane as "likely to be
carcinogenic to humans" by all routes of
exposure (EPA IRIS 2013).
❖ The U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services states that 1,4-dioxane is reasonably
anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on
sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from
studies in experimental animals (DHHS 2011).
❖ The American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has classified
1,4-dioxane as a Group A3 carcinogen —
confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown
relevance to humans (ACGIH 2O11).
❖ The National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH) considers 1,4-dioxane a
potential occupational carcinogen (NIOSH
2010).
Are there any federal and state guidelines and health standards for
1,4-dioxane?
❖ Federal and State Standards and Guidelines:
■ EPA's Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS) database includes a chronic oral
reference dose (RfD) of 0.03 milligrams per
kilogram per day (mg/kg/day) based on liver
and kidney toxicity in animals and a chronic
inhalation reference dose (RfC) of 0.03
milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) based
on atrophy and respiratory metaplasia inside
the nasal cavity of animals (EPA IRIS 2013).
■ The Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR) has established
minimal risk levels (MRLs) for inhalation
exposure to 1,4-dioxane : 2 parts per million
(ppm) for acute -duration (14 days or less)
inhalation exposure; 0.2 ppm for
intermediate -duration (15 to 364 days)
inhalation exposure; and 0.03 ppm for
chronic -duration (365 days or more)
inhalation exposure (ATSDR 2012).
■ Oral exposure MRLs have been identified as
5 mg/kg/day for acute -duration oral
exposure; 0.5 mg/kg/day for intermediate -
duration oral exposure; and 0.1 mg/kg/day
for chronic -duration oral exposure (ATSDR
2012).
• The cancer risk assessment for 1,4-dioxane
is based on an oral slope factor of 0.1
mg/kg/day and the drinking water unit risk is
2.9 x 10-6 micrograms per liter (pg/L) (EPA
IRIS 2013).
■ EPA risk assessments indicate that the
drinkinP water concentration representing a
1 x 10- cancer risk level for 1,4-dioxane is
0.35 µg/L (EPA IRIS 2013).
■ 1,4-Dioxane may be regulated as hazardous
waste when waste is generated through use
as a solvent stabilizer (EPA 1996b).
■ No federal maximum contaminant level
(MCL) for drinking water has been
established; however, an MCL is not
necessary to determine a cleanup level
(EPA 2012).
■ 1,4-Dioxane was included on the third
drinking water contaminant candidate list,
which is a list of unregulated contaminants
that are known to, or anticipated to, occur in
public water systems and may require
regulation under the Safe Drinking Water
Act (EPA 2009).

Are there any federal and state guidelines and health standards for
1,4-dioxane? (continued)
❖ Federal and State Standards and Guidelines
(continued):
■ The EPA has established drinking water
health advisories for 1,4-dioxane, which are
drinking water -specific risk level
concentrations for cancer (10-4 cancer risk)
and concentrations of drinking water
contaminants at which noncancer adverse
health effects are not anticipated to occur over
specific exposure durations. The EPA
established a 1-day health advisory of 4.0
milligrams per liter (mg/L) and a 10-day health
advisory of 0.4 mg/L for 1,4-dioxane in
drinking water for a 10-kilogram child. EPA
also established a lifetime health advisory of
0.2 mg/L for 1,4-dioxane in drinking water
(EPA 2012).
■ The EPA's drinking water equivalent level for
1,4-dioxane is 1 mg/L (EPA 2012).
■ EPA has calculated a screening level of 0.67
pg/L for 1,4-dioxane in tap water, based on a
1 in 10-6 lifetime excess cancer risk (EPA
2013c). ' , 2
■ EPA has calculated a residential soil
screening level (SSL) of 4.9 milligrams per
kilogram (mg/kg) and an industrial SSL of 17
mg/kg. The soil -to -groundwater risk -based
SSL is 1.4 x10-4 mg/kg (EPA 2013c).
■ EPA has also calculated a residential air
screening level of 0.49 micrograms per cubic
meter (pg/m3) and an industrial air screening
level of 2.5 pg/m3 (EPA 2013c).
Screening Levels are developed using risk assessment guidance
from the EPA Superfund program. These risk -based concentrations
are derived from standardized equations combining exposure
information assumptions with EPA toxicity data. These calculated
screening levels are generic and not enforceable cleanup standards
but provide a useful gauge of relative toxicity.
2 Tap water screening levels differ from the IRIS drinking water
concentrations because the tap water screening levels account for
dermal, inhalation and ingestion exposure routes; age -adjust the
intake rates for children and adults based on body weight; and time -
adjust for exposure duration or days per year. The IRIS drinking
water concentrations consider only the ingestion route, account only
for adult -intake rates and do not time -adjust for exposure duration or
days per year.
❖ Workplace Exposure Limits:
■ The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration set a general industry
permissible exposure limit of 360 mg/m3 or 100
ppm based on a time -weighted average (TWA)
over an 8-hour workday for airborne exposure
to 1,4-dioxane (OSHA 2013).
■ The ACGIH set a threshold limit value of 72
mg/m3 or 20 ppm based on a TWA over an 8-
hour workday for airborne exposure to 1,4-
dioxane (ACGIH 2O11).
■ The NIOSH has set a ceiling recommended
exposure limit of 3.6 mg/m3 or 1 ppm based on
a 30-minute airborne exposure to 1,4-dioxane
(NIOSH 2O10).
■ NIOSH also has established an immediately
dangerous to life or health concentration of 500
ppm for 1,4-dioxane (NIOSH 2O10).
❖ Other State and Federal Standards and
Guidelines:
■ Various states have established drinking water
and groundwater guidelines, including the
following:
Colorado has established an interim
groundwater quality cleanup standard of
0.35 pg/L (CDPHE 2012);
California has established a notification
level of 1 pg/L for drinking water (CDPH
2011);
— New Hampshire has established a
reporting limit of 0.25 pg/L for all public
water supplies (NH DES 2011); and
— Massachusetts has established a drinking
water guideline level of 0.3 pg/L (Mass
DEP 2012).
• The Food and Drug Administration set 10
mg/kg as the limit for 1-4-dioxane in glycerides
and polyglycerides for use in products such as
dietary supplements. FDA also surveys raw
material and products contaminated with
1,4-dioxane (FDA 2006).
• 1,4-Dioxane is listed as a hazardous air
pollutant under the Clean Air Act (CAA) (CAA
1990).
■ A reportable quantity of 100 pounds has been
established under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (EPA 2011).

What detection and site characterization methods are available for
1,4-dioxane?
❖ As a result of the limitations in the analytical
methods to detect 1,4-dioxane, it has been difficult
to identify its occurrence in the environment. The
miscibility of 1,4-dioxane in water causes poor
purging efficiency and results in high detection
limits (ATSDR 2012; EPA 2006).
❖ Conventional analytical methods can detect
1,4-dioxane only at concentrations 100 times
greater than the concentrations of volatile organic
compounds (EPA 2006; Mohr 2001).
❖ Modifications of existing analytical methods and
their sample preparation procedures may be
needed to achieve lower detection limits for
1,4-dioxane (EPA 2006; Mohr 2001).
❖ High -temperature sample preparation techniques
improve the recovery of 1,4-dioxane. These
techniques include purging at elevated
temperature (EPA SW-846 Method 5030);
equilibrium headspace analysis (EPA SW-846
Method 5021); vacuum distillation (EPA SW-846
Method 8261); and azeotrophic distillation (EPA
SW-846 Method 5031) (EPA 2006).
❖ The presence of 1,4-dioxane may be expected at
sites with extensive TCA contamination; therefore,
some experts recommend that groundwater
samples be analyzed for 1,4-dioxane where TCA
is a known contaminant (Mohr 2001).
NIOSH Method 1602 uses gas chromatography —
flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to determine
the concentration of 1,4-dioxane in air. The
detection limit is 0.01 milligram per sample
(ATSDR 2012; NIOSH 2O10).
❖ EPA SW-846 Method 8015D uses gas
chromatography (GC) to determine the
concentration of 1,4-dioxane in environmental
samples. Samples may be introduced into the GC
column by a variety of techniques including the
injection of the concentrate from azeotropic
distillation (EPA SW-846 Method 5031). The
detection limits for 1,4-dioxane in aqueous
matrices by azeotropic microdistillation are 12 pg/L
(reagent water), 15 pg/L (groundwater) and 16
pg/L (leachate) (EPA 2003).
EPA SW-846 Method 8260B detects 1,4-dioxane
in a variety of solid waste matrices using GC and
mass spectrometry (MS). The detection limit
depends on the instrument and choice of sample
preparation method (ATSDR 2012; EPA 1996a).
A laboratory study is underway to develop a
passive flux meter (PFM) approach to enhance the
capture of 1,4-dioxane in the PFM sorbent to
improve accuracy. The selected PFM approach
will be field tested at 1,4-dioxane contaminated
sites. The anticipated projection completion date is
2014 (DoD SERDP 2013b).
❖ EPA Method 1624 uses isotopic dilution gas
chromatography — mass spectrometry (GC -MS) to
detect 1,4-dioxane in water, soil and municipal
sludges. The detection limit for this method is 10
pg/L (ATSDR 2012; EPA 2001 b).
❖ EPA SW-846 Method 8270 uses liquid -liquid
extraction and isotope dilution by capillary column
GC -MS. This method is often modified for the
detection of low levels of 1,4-dioxane in water
(EPA 2007, 2013a)
❖ GC -MS detection methods using solid phase
extraction followed by desorption with an organic
solvent have been developed to remove
1,4-dioxane from the aqueous phase. Detection
limits as low as 0.024 pg/L have been achieved by
passing the aqueous sample through an activated
carbon column, following by elution with acetone-
dichlormethane (ATSDR 2012; Kadokami and
others 1990).
❖ EPA Method 522 uses solid phase extraction and
GC/MS with selected ion monitoring for the
detection of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water with
detection limits ranging from 0.02 to 0.026 pg/L
(EPA 2008).
What technologies are being used to treat 1,4-dioxane?
❖ Pump -and -treat remediation can treat dissolved
1,4-dioxane in groundwater and control
groundwater plume migration, but requires ex situ
treatment tailored for the unique properties of
1,4-dioxane (such as, a low octanol-water partition
coefficient that makes 1,4-dioxane hydrophilic)
(EPA 2006; Kiker and others 2010).
❖ Commercially available advanced oxidation
processes using hydrogen peroxide with ultraviolet
light or ozone is used to treat 1,4-dioxane in
wastewater (Asano and others 2012; EPA 2006).
❖ A study is under way to investigate facilitated -
transport enabled in situ chemical oxidation to
treat 1,4-dioxane-contamined source zones and
groundwater plumes effectively. The technical
approach consists of the co -injection of strong
oxidants (such as ozone) with chemical agents
that facilitate the transport of the oxidant (DoD
SERDP 2013d).

What technologies are being used to treat 1,4-dioxane? (continued)
❖ Ex situ bioremediation using a fixed -film, moving -
bed biological treatment system is also used to
treat 1,4-dioxane in groundwater (EPA 2006).
❖ Phytoremediation is being explored as a means to
remove the compound from shallow groundwater.
Pilot -scale studies have demonstrated the ability
of hybrid poplars to take up and effectively
degrade or deactivate 1,4-dioxane (EPA 2001 a,
2013a; Ferro and others 2013).
❖ Microbial degradation in engineered bioreactors
has been documented under enhanced conditions
or where selected strains of bacteria capable of
degrading 1,4-dioxane are cultured, but the impact
of the presence of chlorinated solvent co -
contaminants on biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane
needs to be further investigated (EPA 2006,
2013a; Mahendra and others 2013).
❖ Results from a 2012 laboratory study found
1,4-dioxane-transforming activity to be relatively
common among monooxygenase-expressing
bacteria; however, both TCA and
1,1-dichloroethene inhibited 1,4-dioxane
degradation by bacterial isolates (DoD SERDP
2012).
❖ Several Department of Defense Strategic
Environmental Research and Development
Program (DoD SERDP) projects are under way to
investigate 1,4-dioxane biodegradation in the
presence of chlorinated solvents or metals.
Laboratory studies will (1) identify microbial
cultures as well as biogeochemistry, which
generate desirable enzymatic activity for
1,4-dioxane biodegradation; (2) assess
biodegradation by methane oxidizing bacteria in
coupled anaerobic -aerobic zones; (3) and
evaluate branched hydrocarbons as stimulants for
the in situ cometabolic biodegradation of
1,4-dioxane and its associated co -contaminants
(DoD SERDP 2013c, a and f).
❖ Photocatalysis has been shown to remove
1,4-dioxane in aqueous solutions. Laboratory
studies documented that the surface plasmon
resonance of gold nanoparticles on titanium
dioxide (Au — TiO2) promotes the photocatalytic
degradation of 1,4-dioxane (Min and others 2009;
Vescovi and others 2010).
❖ Other in -well combined treatment technologies
being assessed include air sparging; soil vapor
extraction (SVE); and dynamic subsurface
groundwater circulation (Odah and others 2005).
❖ SVE is known to remove some 1,4-dioxane, but
substantial residual contamination is usually left
behind because of 1,4-dioxane's high solubility,
which leads to preferential partitioning into pore
water rather than vapor. The DoD SERDP is
conducting a project to evaluate and demonstrate
the efficacy of enhanced or extreme SVE, which
uses a combination of increased air flow,
sweeping with drier air, increased temperature,
decreased infiltration and more focused vapor
extraction to enhance 1,4-dioxane remediation in
soils (DoD SERDP 2013a).
Where can I find more information about 1,4-dioxane?
❖ Asano, M., Kishimoto, N., Shimada, H., and Y.
Ono. 2012. "Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane Using
Ozone Oxidation with UV Irradiation (Ozone/UV)
Treatment." Journal of Environmental Science and
Engineering. Volume A (1). Pages 371 to 279.
❖ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR). 2012. "Toxicological Profile for
1,4-Dioxane."
www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tpl 87.pdf
❖ American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH). 2011. "2011 Threshold Limit
Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and
Physical Agents Biological Exposure Indices."
Cincinnati, Ohio.
❖ California Department of Public Health (CDPH).
2011. "1,4-Dioxane." Drinking Water Systems.
www.cdoh.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Pages/1,4-
dioxane.aspx
❖ Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAA). 1990.
"Hazardous Air Pollutants". 42 USC § 7412.
❖ Colorado Department of Public Health and the
Environment (CDPHE). 2012. "Notice of Public
Rulemaking Hearing before the Colorado Water
Quality Control Commission." Regulation No. 31
and No. 41.
www.sos.state.co.us/CCR/Upload/NoticeOfRulem
aking/ProposedRuleAttach20l 2-00387. PDF
❖ Ferro, A.M., Kennedy, J., and J.C. LaRue. 2013.
"Phytoremediation of 1,4-Dioxane-Containing
Recovered Groundwater." International Journal of
Phytoremediation. Volume 15. Pages 911 to 923.
❖ Giavini, E., Vismara, C., and M.L Broccia. 1985.
"Teratogenesis Study of Dioxane in Rats."
Toxicology Letters. Volume 26 (1). Pages. 85 to
88.

Where can I find more information about 1,4-dioxane? (continued)
❖ Graedel, T.E. 1986. Atmospheric Chemical
Compounds. New York, NY: Academic Press.
❖ Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). 2011.
1,4-Dioxane." http://toxnet.nim.nih.gov/cqi-bin/
sis/htmlgen?HSDB
❖ HazDat. 2007. "1,4-Dioxane." HazDat Database:
ATSDR's Hazardous Substance Release and
Health Effects Database. Atlanta, GA: Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
❖ Howard, P.H. 1990. Handbook of Environmental
Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals.
Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, MI. Pages 216 to
221.
❖ Kadokami, K, Koga, M. and A. Otsuki. 1990. "Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric
Determination of Traces of Hydrophilic and
Volatile Organic Compounds in Water after
Preconcentration with Activated Carbon."
Analytical Sciences. Volume 6(6). Pages 843 to
849.
❖ Kiker, J.H., Connolly, J.B., Murray, W.A., Pearson,
S.C.; Reed, S.E., and R.J. Robert. 2010. "Ex -Situ
Wellhead Treatment of 1,4-Dioxane Using
Fenton's Reagent." Proceedings of the Annual
International Conference on Soils, Sediments,
Water and Energy. Volume 15, Article 18.
❖ Mahendra, S., Grostern, A. and L. Alvarez -Cohen.
2013. "The Impact of Chlorinated Solvent Co -
Contaminants on the Biodegradation Kinetics of
1,4-Dioxane." Chemosphere. Volume 91 (1).
Pages 88 to 92.
❖ Massachusetts Department of Environmental
Protection (Mass DEP). 2012. "Standards and
Guidelines for Contaminants in Massachusetts
Drinking Waters."
www.mass.gov/dep/water/dwstand.pdf
❖ Min, B.K., Heo, J.E., Youn, N.K., Joo, O.S., Lee,
H., Kim, J.H., and H.S. Kim. 2009. "Tuning of the
Photocatalytic 1,4-Dioxane Degradation with
Surface Plasmon Resonance of Gold
Nanoparticles on Titania." Catalysis
Communications. Volume 10 (5). Pages 712 to
715.
❖ Mohr, T.K.G. 2001. "1,4-Dioxane and Other
Solvent Stabilizers White Paper." Santa Clara
Valley Water District of California. San Jose,
California.
❖ National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH). 2010. "Dioxane." NIOSH Pocket
Guide to Chemical Hazards.
www.cdc.gov/niosh/npq/npqd0237.htmi
❖ New Hampshire Department of Environmental
Services (NH DES). 2011 "Change in Reporting
Limit for 1,4-Dioxane."
http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/waste/hwr
b/sss/hwrp/documents/report-limits 14dioxane. pdf
❖ Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA). 2013. "Dioxane." Chemical Sampling
Information. www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/
data/CH 237200.html
❖ Odah, M.M., Powell, R., and D.J. Riddle. 2005.
"ART In -Well Technology Proves Effective in
Treating 1,4-Dioxane Contamination."
Remediation Journal. Volume 15 (3), Pages 51 to
64.
❖ U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Strategic
Environmental Research and Development
Program (SERDP). 2012. "Oxygen ase-Catalyzed
Biodegradation of Emerging Water Contaminants:
1,4-Dioxane and N-Nitrosodimethylamine." ER-
1417. www.serdp.org/Program-Areas/
Environmental-Restoration/Contam inated-
Groundwater/Emerging-Issues/ER-1417/ER-1417
❖ DoD SERDP. 2013a. "1,4-Dioxane Remediation
by Extreme Soil Vapor Extraction (XSVE)." ER-
201326. www.serdp.org/Program-Areas/
Environmental-Restoration/Contaminated-Ground
water/Emerging-Issues/ER-201326/ER-201326
❖ DoD SERDP. 2013b. "Development of a Passive
Flux Meter Approach to Quantifying 1,4-Dioxane
Mass Flux." ER-2304. www.serdp.org/Program-
Areas/Environ mental-Restoration/Contam inated-
Groundwater/Emerging-Issues/ER-2304/ER-2304/
❖ DoD SERDP. 2013c. "Evaluation of Branched
Hydrocarbons as Stimulants for In Situ
Cometabolic Biodegradation of 1,4-Dioxane and
Its Associated Co -Contaminants." ER-2303.
www.serdp.org/Program-Areas/Environmental-
Restoration/Contam i nated-Groundwater/
Emerging-Issues/ER-2303/ER-2303
❖ DoD SERDP. 2013d. "Facilitated Transport
Enabled In Situ Chemical Oxidation of 1,4-
Dioxane-Contaminated Groundwater." ER-2302.
www.serdp.org/Program-Areas/Environmental-
Restoration/Contam i nated-Groundwater/
Emerging-Issues/ER-2302/ER-2302/(language)/
eng-US
❖ DoD SERDP. 2013e. "In Situ Biodegradation of
1,4-Dioxane: Effects of Metals and Chlorinated
Solvent Co -Contaminants." ER-2300.
www.serdp.org/Program-Areas/Environmental-
Restoration/Contam i nated-Groundwater/
Emerging-Issues/ER-2300/ER-2300

Where can I find more information about 1,4-dioxane? (continued)
❖ DoD SERDP. 2013f. "In Situ Bioremediation of
1,4-Dioxane by Methane Oxidizing Bacteria in
Coupled Anaerobic -Aerobic Zones." ER-2306.
www.serdp.org/Program-Areas/Environmental-
Restoration/Contaminated-Groundwater/
Emerging- Issues/ER-2306/ER-2306
❖ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS). 2011. "Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth
Edition." Public Health Service, National
Toxicology Program. 12t" Edition.
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/rocl2.pdf
❖ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
1996a. "Method 8260B: Volatile Organic
Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS)." www.epa.gov/osw/
hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/8260b.pdf
❖ EPA. 1996b. "Solvents Study." EPA 530-R-96-
017.
❖ EPA. 2001a. "Brownfields Technology Primer:
Selecting and Using Phytoremediation for Site
Cleanup." EPA 542-R-01-006.
www.brownfieldstsc.orq/pdfs/phytorem primer.pdf
❖ EPA. 2001 b. "Method 1624." Code of Federal
Regulations. Code of Federal Regulations. 40
CFR Part 136. Pages 274 to 287.
❖ EPA. 2003. "Method 8015D: Nonhalogenated
Organics Using GC/FID." SW-846. www.epa.gov/
osw/hazard/testmethods/pdfs/8015d r4.pdf
❖ EPA. 2006. "Treatment Technologies for
1,4-Dioxane: Fundamentals and Field
Applications." EPA 542-R-06-009.
www.epa.gov/tio/download/remed/542r06009.pdf
❖ EPA. 2007. "Method 8270D: Semivolatile Organic
Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS)."
❖ EPA. 2008. "Method 522: Determination of
1,4-Dioxane in Drinking Water By Solid Phase
Extraction (SPE) and Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS) with Selected Ion
Monitoring (SIM)." EPA/600/R-08/101.
❖ EPA. 2009. "Drinking Water Contaminant
Candidate List 3 - Final." Federal Register Notice.
www.federalregister.gov/articles/2009/10/08/E9-
24287/drinking-water-contaminant-candidate-list-
3-final
❖ EPA. 2011. "Reportable Quantities of Hazardous
Substances Designated Pursuant to Section 311
of the Clean Water Act. Code of Federal
Regulations." 40 CFR 302.4.
www.gpo.gov/fdsVs/pkq/CFR-2011-title40-
vol28/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vo128-sec302-4. pdf
❖ EPA. 2012. "2012 Edition of Drinking Water
Standards and Health Advisories."
water. epa.gov/action/advisories/d ri nki ng/upload/d
wstandards2012. pdf
❖ EPA. 2013a. "1,4-Dioxane." www.clu-in.org/conta
minantfocus/default.focus/sec/1,4-Dioxane/
cat/Overview/
❖ EPA. 2013b. "1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide)."
Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Website.
www.epa.gov/ttnatwOl/hlthef/dioxane.html
❖ EPA. 2013c. Regional Screening Level (RSL)
Summary Table.
www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-
concentration table/Generic Tables/index.htm
❖ EPA. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
2013. "1,4-Dioxane (CASRN 123-91-1)."
www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0326.htm
❖ U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2006.
"Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to
Food for Human Consumption; Glycerides and
Polyglycides." Code of Federal Regulations. 21
CFR 172.736.
❖ Vescovi, T., Coleman, H., and R. Amal. 2010.
"The Effect of pH on UV -Based Advanced
Oxidation Technologies - 1,4-Dioxane
Degradation." Journal of Hazardous Materials.
Volume 182. Pages 75 to 79.
Additional information on 1,4-dioxane can be found at
www.cluin.org/contaminantfocus/default.focus/sec/1,4-Dioxane/cat/Overview
Contact Information
If you have any questions or comments on this fact sheet, please contact: Mary Cooke, FFRRO, by phone at
[phone] or by email at cooke.maryt(o)epa.gov.

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K_ -
Waste Management
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
May 5, 2016
Sent Via Email—[e-mail]
Ms. Jan McHargue
Winston-Salem City/County Utility Commission
P.O. Box 2511
Winston-Salem, NC 27102
Re: Assessment Monitoring Report
Appendix II Monitoring Request
Old Salisbury Road (OSR) C&D Landfill
Forsyth County
Solid Waste Permit Number 3412
DIN 26033
Dear Ms. McHargue:
PAT MCCRORY
Governor
DONALD R. VAN DER VAART
Secretary
MICHAEL SCOTT
Director
The Solid Waste Section has completed a review of the Assessment Monitoring Report dated January 2016
(DIN 26032) and submitted on behalf of Winston-Salem City/County Utilities Commission for the Old
Salisbury Road C&D Landfill, Solid Waste Permit Number 3412. Assessment monitoring was initiated at
the landfill in 2012 (DINS 15819 and 15916), and a monitoring request was approved in February 2014
(DINS 20378, 20550, and 20581).
Within the Assessment Monitoring Report, the Winston-Salem City/County Utilities Commission is
requesting the following: to discontinue monitoring for Appendix II of 40 CFR Part 258 constituents that
have not been detected since November 2012; to add all Appendix II of 40 CFR Part 258 constituents that
were detected above the Solid Waste Section Limit (SWSL) since November 2012; and to add all Appendix
II of 40 CFR Part 258 volatile organic compounds that have been detected since November 2013.
As a result, the monitoring requests within the Assessment Monitoring Report are approved as described
at this time with one exception. Because the contaminant plume has not been completely delineated and
Appendix II of 40 CFR Part 258 constituents have been detected within the groundwater monitoring wells
since 2012, please continue to conduct the full suite of Appendix II of 40 CFR Part 258 constituents at this
time. If you have any questions regarding this letter, please feel free to contact me at 828.296.4706 or by
email at [e-mail]. Thank you for your continued cooperation with this matter.
Sincerely,
94- 1,)--
Jaclynne Drummond
Compliance Hydrogeologist
Solid Waste Section, Division of Waste Management
NCDEQ
State of North Carolina Environmental Quality I Waste Management
Asheville Regional Office 2090 US Highway 70 1 Swannanoa, NC 28778
828 296 4500 T

cc sent via email: Ed Gibson, Winston-Salem City/County Utility Commission
Jason Watkins, Field Operations Branch Head
Deb Aja, Western District Supervisor
Susan Heim, Senior Environmental Specialist
Perry Sugg, Permitting Branch Hydrogeologist
John Murray, Permitting Branch Engineer
Eric Wright, HDR Engineering

AIN`
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Waste Management
Pat McCrory Dexter R. Matthews John E. Skvarla, III
Governor Director Secretary
February 14, 2014
Sent Via Email - JANMkcityofws.org
Ms. Jan McHargue
Winston-Salem City/County Utility Commission
P.O. Box 2511
Winston-Salem, NC 27102
Re: Assessment Monitoring Request
Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill
Forsyth County
Solid Waste Permit Number 34-12
DIN 20581
Dear Ms. McHargue:
The Solid Waste Section has completed a technical review of the Assessment Monitoring Report dated
December 20, 2013 (DIN 20378) and the December 2013 Assessment Monitoring Report letter dated
February 6, 2014 (DIN 20550) both submitted by HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas on behalf of the
Winston-Salem City/County Utilities Commission for the Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill.
During the May 2011 and June 2011 water quality monitoring events, the volatile organic compounds,
Benzene and Tetrachloroethene (PCE), exceeded the Groundwater Standards within groundwater
monitoring well MW-2R located along the eastern edge of Phase III. Assessment monitoring was
initiated pursuant to 15A NCAC 13B .0545, and the Assessment Monitoring Plan for MW-2R dated
December 12, 2011 (DIN 15819) was then submitted. The Solid Waste Section approved the plan on
January 17, 2012 (DIN 15916). The Winston-Salem City/County Utilities Commission has completed the
Appendix 11 assessment monitoring baseline, and is requesting a modification to the current assessment
monitoring program at the facility.
The Winston-Salem City/County Utilities Commission is requesting the following:
• Groundwater monitoring wells MW-1R, MW-2R, MW-4R and MW-15 will be sampled
semiannually for Appendix I constituents and those additional constituents in Appendix II that
have been detected in the last two years;
• Groundwater monitoring wells MW-1R, MW-2R, MW-4R and MW-15 will be sampled during
every other Fall event for the entire Appendix II constituent list. The next event for this would
occur in the Fall of 2015. Additional Appendix II constituents detected will be added to the
sampling program for subsequent semiannual events; and
• All of the other remaining groundwater monitoring wells and surface water locations will
continue to be sampled semiannually for the full Appendix I constituent list.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] \ Internet: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer

As a result, the facility will remain in the assessment monitoring program and the assessment monitoring
modifications are approved as described. Please note that these approved modifications may be subject to
change based upon the results of the ongoing groundwater and surface water monitoring at the facility.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding this letter, please feel free to contact me at 919-707-8294
or by email at [e-mail]. Thank you for your continued cooperation with this
matter.
Sincerely,
94-
Jaclynne Drummond
Compliance Hydrogeologist
Solid Waste Section
cc sent via email: Ed Gibson, Winston-Salem City/County Utility Commission
Jason Watkins, Western District Supervisor
Charles Gerstell, Environmental Senior Specialist
Eric Wright, HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
Michael Plummer, HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
2
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] \ Internet: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer

February 6, 2014
Ms. Jaclynne Drummond
NCDENR Environmental Compliance
Solid Waste Section
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
Re: December 2013 Assessment Monitoring Report
Old Salisbury Road Landfill (No. 34-12)
Forsyth County, North Carolina
HDR Project No. 00162-218490-018
Dear Ms. Drummond:
Representatives of HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas (HDR), the City/County Utility
Commission (Owner) and your office met on February 4, 2014 to discuss the latest results of
groundwater assessment at the Old Salisbury Road landfill and the completed baseline study.
We found the meeting to be very informative and productive.
Based on that meeting, HDR proposes on behalf of the owner, that the assessment monitoring
program continues at the site in the following manner:
o Monitoring wells MW-1R, MW-2R, MW-4R and MW-15 will be sampled semiannually
for Appendix I constituents and those additional constituents in Appendix II that have been
detected in the last two years.
o Monitoring wells MW-1R, MW-2R, MW-4R and MW-15 will be sampled during every
other fall event for the entire Appendix II constituent list. The next event for this would
occur in fall of 2015. Additional Appendix II constituents detected will be added to the
sampling program for subsequent semiannual events.
o All of the other site wells and surface waters will continue to be sampled semiannually for
the full appendix I list of constituents.
o Evaluate this program again when a change in the status of detections occurs, but not later
than in 2019.
HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas 4405 Chureh Street Phone: � 704) 338-6700
suite 1000 Fax: [phone]
Charlotte, NC 28202-1,319 www.hdrinc.com
pw:IIPW4PPTPA01:SouthEast TampalDocumentslCity of Winston—Salem lWS_General_Servicesl3_HDR104_Corres&MtgsWC
DENM201402 EAW-Drummond OSR GW

Ms. Jaclynne Drummond
February 6, 2014
Page 2 of 2
If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact me at [phone].
Sincerely,
HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
Eric A. Wright, P.E.
Project Engineer
EAW/apb
cc: Jan McHargue, PE, City/County Utility Commission
Ed Gibson, PE, City/County Utility Commission
Michael Plummer, PE, HDR
HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas

Solid Waste Section
Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface
Water Sampling
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE SECTION
General Sampling Procedures
The following guidance is provided to insure a consistent sampling approach so that sample
collection activities at solid waste management facilities provide reliable data. Sampling must
begin with an evaluation of facility information, historical environmental data and site geologic
and hydrogeologic conditions. General sampling procedures are described in this document.
Planning
Begin sampling activities with planning and coordination. The party contracting with the
laboratory is responsible for effectively communicating reporting requirements and evaluating
data reliability as it relates to specific monitoring activities.
Sample Collection
Contamination Prevention
a.) Take special effort to prevent cross contamination or environmental contamination
when collecting samples.
1. If possible, collect samples from the least contaminated sampling location
(or background sampling location, if applicable) to the most contaminated
sampling location.
2. Collect the ambient or background samples first, and store them in
separate ice chests or separate shipping containers within the same ice
chest (e.g. untreated plastic bags).
3. Collect samples in flowing water at designated locations from upstream to
downstream.
b.) Do not store or ship highly contaminated samples (concentrated wastes, free product,
etc.) or samples suspect of containing high concentrations of contaminants in the
same ice chest or shipping containers with other environmental samples.
1. Isolate these sample containers by sealing them in separate, untreated
plastic bags immediately after collecting, preserving, labeling, etc.
2. Use a clean, untreated plastic bag to line the ice chest or shipping
container.
c.) All sampling equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated and transported in a
manner that does not allow it to become contaminated. Arrangements should be
made ahead of time to decontaminate any sampling or measuring equipment that will
be reused when taking samples from more than one well. Field decontamination of
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sampling equipment will be necessary before sampling each well to minimize the risk
of cross contamination. Decontamination procedures should be included in reports as
necessary. Certified pre -cleaned sampling equipment and containers may be used.
When collecting aqueous samples, rinse the sample collection equipment with a
portion of the sample water before taking the actual sample. Sample containers do not
need to be rinsed. In the case of petroleum hydrocarbons, oil and grease, or
containers with pre -measured preservatives, the sample containers cannot be rinsed.
d.) Place all fuel -powered equipment away from, and downwind of, any site activities
(e.g., purging, sampling, decontamination).
1. If field conditions preclude such placement (i.e., the wind is from the
upstream direction in a boat), place the fuel source(s) as far away as
possible from the sampling activities and describe the conditions in the
field notes.
2. Handle fuel (i.e., filling vehicles and equipment) prior to the sampling
day. If such activities must be performed during sampling, the personnel
must wear disposable gloves.
3. Dispense all fuels downwind. Dispose of gloves well away from the
sampling activities.
Filling Out Sample Labels
Fill out label, adhere to vial and collect sample. Print legibly with indelible ink. At a
minimum, the label or tag should identify the sample with the following information:
1. Sample location and/or well number
2. Sample identification number
3. Date and time of collection
4. Analysis required/requested
5. Sampler's initials
6. Preservative(s) used, if any [i.e., HCI, Na2S203, NO3, ice, etc.]
7. Any other pertinent information for sample identification
Sample Collection Order
Unless field conditions justify other sampling regimens, collect samples in the following
order:
1. Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics
2. Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate Organics and
Oil and Grease
3. Total Metals
4. Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and
Biologicals
5. Microbiological
NOTE: If the pump used to collect groundwater samples cannot be used to collect volatile or
extractable organics then collect all other parameters and withdraw the pump and tubing. Then
collect the volatile and extractable organics.
Rev 4-08

Health and Safety
Implement all local, state, and federal requirements relating to health and safety. Follow all
local, state and federal requirements pertaining to the storage and disposal of any hazardous or
investigation derived wastes.
a.) The Solid Waste Section recommends wearing protective gloves when conducting all
sampling activities.
1. Gloves serve to protect the sample collector from potential exposure to sample
constituents, minimize accidental contamination of samples by the collector,
and preserve accurate tare weights on preweighed sample containers.
2. Do not let gloves come into contact with the sample or with the interior or lip
of the sample container. Use clean, new, unpowdered and disposable gloves.
Various types of gloves may be used as long as the construction materials do
not contaminate the sample or if internal safety protocols require greater
protection.
3. Note that certain materials that may potentially be present in concentrated
effluent can pass through certain glove types and be absorbed in the skin.
Many vendor catalogs provide information about the permeability of different
gloves and the circumstances under which the glove material might be
applicable. The powder in powdered gloves can contribute significant
contamination. Powdered gloves are not recommended unless it can be
demonstrated that the powder does not interfere with the sample analysis.
4. Change gloves after preliminary activities, after collecting all the samples at a
single sampling point, if torn or used to handle extremely dirty or highly
contaminated surfaces. Properly dispose of all used gloves as investigation
derived wastes.
b.) Properly manage all investigation derived waste (IDW).
5. To prevent contamination into previously uncontaminated areas, properly
manage all IDW. This includes all water, soil, drilling mud, decontamination
wastes, discarded personal protective equipment (PPE), etc. from site
investigations, exploratory borings, piezometer and monitoring well
installation, refurbishment, abandonment, and other investigative activities.
Manage all IDW that is determined to be RCRA-regulated hazardous waste
according to the local, state and federal requirements.
6. Properly dispose of IDW that is not a RCRA-regulated hazardous waste but is
contaminated above the Department's Soil Cleanup Target Levels or the state
standards and/or minimum criteria for ground water quality. If the drill
cuttings/mud orpurged well water is contaminated with hazardous waste,
contact the DWM Hazardous Waste Section (919-508-8400) for disposal
options. Maintain all containers holding IDW in good condition. Periodically
inspect the containers for damage and ensure that all required labeling (DOT,
RCRA, etc.) are clearly visible.
Rev 4-08

Sample Storage and Transport
Store samples for transport carefully. Pack samples to prevent from breaking and to maintain a
temperature of approximately 4 degrees Celsius (°C), adding ice if necessary. Transport samples
to a North Carolina -certified laboratory as soon as possible. Avoid unnecessary handling of
sample containers. Avoid heating (room temperature or above, including exposure to sunlight)
or freezing of the sample containers. Reduce the time between sample collection and delivery to
a laboratory whenever possible and be sure that the analytical holding times of your samples can
be met by the laboratory.
a.) A complete chain -of -custody (COC) form must be maintained to document all
transfers and receipts of the samples. Be sure that the sample containers are labeled
with the sample location and/or well number, sample identification, the date and time
of collection, the analysis to be performed, the preservative added (if any), the
sampler's initials, and any other pertinent information for sample identification. The
labels should contain a unique identifier (i.e., unique well numbers) that can be traced
to the COC form. The details of sample collection must be documented on the COC.
The COC must include the following:
1. Description of each sample (including QA/QC samples) and the number of
containers (sample location and identification)
2. Signature of the sampler
3. Date and time of sample collection
4. Analytical method to be performed
5. Sample type (i.e., water or soil)
6. Regulatory agency (i.e., NCDENR/DWM — SW Section)
7. Signatures of all persons relinquishing and receiving custody of the
samples
8. Dates and times of custody transfers
b.) Pack samples so that they are segregated by site, sampling location or by sample
analysis type. When COC samples are involved, segregate samples in coolers by site.
If samples from multiple sites will fit in one cooler, they may be packed in the same
cooler with the associated field sheets and a single COC form for all. Coolers should
not exceed a maximum weight of 50 lbs. Use additional coolers as necessary. All
sample containers should be placed in plastic bags (segregated by analysis and
location) and completely surrounded by ice.
1. Prepare and place trip blanks in an ice filled cooler before leaving for the
field.
2. Segregate samples by analysis and place in sealable plastic bags.
3. Pack samples carefully in the cooler placing ice around the samples.
4. Review the COC. The COC form must accompany the samples to the
laboratory. The trip blank(s) must also be recorded on the COC form.
5. Place completed COC form in a waterproof bag, sealed and taped under
the lid of the cooler.
6. Secure shipping containers with strapping tape to avoid accidental
opening.
7. For COC samples, a tamper -proof seal may also be placed over the cooler
lid or over a bag or container containing the samples inside the shipping
cooler.
Rev 4-08 4

8. "COC" or "EMERG" should be written in indelible ink on the cooler seal
to alert sample receipt technicians to priority or special handling samples.
9. The date and sample handler's signature must also be written on the COC
seal.
10. Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship by commercial courier.
NOTE: If transport time to the laboratory is not long enough to allow
samples to be cooled to 4° C, a temperature reading of the sample source
must be documented as the field temperature on the CDC form. A
downward trend in temperature will be adequate even if cooling to 4° C is
not achieved. The field temperature should always be documented if there
is any question as to whether samples will have time to cool to 4° C during
shipment. Thermometers must be calibrated annually against an NIST
traceable thermometer and documentation must be retained.
Rev 4-08

Appendix A - Decontamination of Field Equipment
Decontamination of personnel, sampling equipment, and containers - before and after
sampling - must be used to ensure collection of representative samples and to prevent the
potential spread of contamination. Decontamination of personnel prevents ingestion and
absorption of contaminants. It must be done with a soap and water wash and deionized or
distilled water rinse. Certified pre -cleaned sampling equipment and containers may also be used.
All previously used sampling equipment must be properly decontaminated before sampling and
between sampling locations. This prevents the introduction of contamination into
uncontaminated samples and avoids cross -contamination of samples. Cross -contamination can
be a significant problem when attempting to characterize extremely low concentrations of
organic compounds or when working with soils that are highly contaminated.
Clean, solvent -resistant gloves and appropriate protective equipment must be worn by
persons decontaminating tools and equipment.
Cleaning Reagents
Recommendations for the types and grades of various cleaning supplies are outlined below.
The recommended reagent types or grades were selected to ensure that the cleaned equipment is
free from any detectable contamination.
a.) Detergents: Use Liqui-Nox (or a non -phosphate equivalent) or Alconox (or
equivalent). Liqui-Nox (or equivalent) is recommended by EPA, although Alconox
(or equivalent) may be substituted if the sampling equipment will not be used to
collect phosphorus or phosphorus containing compounds.
b.) Solvents: Use pesticide grade isopropanol as the rinse solvent in routine equipment
cleaning procedures. This grade of alcohol must be purchased from a laboratory
supply vendor. Rubbing alcohol or other commonly available sources of isopropanol
are not acceptable. Other solvents, such as acetone or methanol, may be used as the
final rinse solvent if they are pesticide grade. However, methanol is more toxic to the
environment and acetone may be an analyte of interest for volatile organics.
1. Do not use acetone if volatile organics are of interest
2. Containerize all methanol wastes (including rinses) and dispose as a
hazardous waste.
Pre -clean equipment that is heavily contaminated with organic analytes. Use reagent
grade acetone and hexane or other suitable solvents. Use pesticide grade methylene
chloride when cleaning sample containers. Store all solvents away from potential
sources of contamination.
c.) Analyte-Free Water Sources: Analyte-free water is water in which all analytes of
interest and all interferences are below method detection limits. Maintain
documentation (such as results from equipment blanks) to demonstrate the reliability
and purity of analyte-free water source(s). The source of the water must meet the
requirements of the analytical method and must be free from the analytes of interest.
In general, the following water types are associated with specific analyte groups:
1. Milli-Q (or equivalent polished water): suitable for all analyses.
Rev 4-08

2. Organic free: suitable for volatile and extractable organics.
3. Deionized water: may not be suitable for volatile and extractable
organics.
4. Distilled water: not suitable for volatile and extractable organics, metals
or ultratrace metals.
Use analyte-free water for blank preparation and the final decontamination water
rinse. In order to minimize long-term storage and potential leaching problems, obtain
or purchase analyte-free water just prior to the sampling event. If obtained from a
source (such as a laboratory), fill the transport containers and use the contents for a
single sampling event. Empty the transport container(s) at the end of the sampling
event. Discard any analyte-free water that is transferred to a dispensing container
(such as a wash bottle or pump sprayer) at the end of each sampling day.
d.) Acids:
1. Reagent Grade Nitric Acid: 10 - 15% (one volume concentrated nitric acid
and five volumes deionized water). Use for the acid rinse unless nitrogen
components (e.g., nitrate, nitrite, etc.) are to be sampled. If sampling for
ultra -trace levels of metals, use an ultra -pure grade acid.
2. Reagent Grade Hydrochloric Acid: 10% hydrochloric acid (one volume
concentrated hydrochloric and three volumes deionized water). Use when
nitrogen components are to be sampled.
3. If samples for both metals and the nitrogen -containing components are
collected with the equipment, use the hydrochloric acid rinse, or
thoroughly rinse with hydrochloric acid after a nitric acid rinse. If
sampling for ultra trace levels of metals, use an ultra -pure grade acid.
4. Freshly prepared acid solutions may be recycled during the sampling event
or cleaning process. Dispose of any unused acids according to local
ordinances.
Reagent Storage Containers
The contents of all containers must be clearly marked.
a.) Detergents:
1. Store in the original container or in a HDPE or PP container.
b.) Solvents:
1. Store solvents to be used for cleaning or decontamination in the original
container until use in the field. If transferred to another container for field
use, use either a glass or Teflon container.
2. Use dispensing containers constructed of glass, Teflon or stainless steel.
Note: If stainless steel sprayers are used, any gaskets that contact the
solvents must be constructed of inert materials.
c.) Analyte-Free Water:
1. Transport in containers appropriate for the type of water stored. If the
water is commercially purchased (e.g., grocery store), use the original
containers when transporting the water to the field. Containers made of
glass, Teflon, polypropylene or HDPE are acceptable.
2. Use glass or Teflon to transport organic -free sources of water on -site.
Polypropylene or HDPE may be used, but are not recommended.
Rev 4-08 7

3. Dispense water from containers made of glass, Teflon, HDPE or
polypropylene.
4. Do not store water in transport containers for more than three days before
beginning a sampling event.
5. If working on a project that has oversight from EPA Region 4, use glass
containers for the transport and storage of all water.
6. Store and dispense acids using containers made of glass, Teflon or plastic.
General Requirements
a.) Prior to use, clean/decontaminate all sampling equipment (pumps, tubing, lanyards,
split spoons, etc.) that will be exposed to the sample.
b.) Before installing, clean (or obtain as certified pre -cleaned) all equipment that is
dedicated to a single sampling point and remains in contact with the sample medium
(e.g., permanently installed groundwater pump). If you use certified pre -cleaned
equipment no cleaning is necessary.
1. Clean this equipment any time it is removed for maintenance or repair.
2. Replace dedicated tubing if discolored or damaged.
c.) Clean all equipment in a designated area having a controlled environment (house,
laboratory, or base of field operations) and transport it to the field, pre -cleaned and
ready to use, unless otherwise justified.
d.) Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field -cleaned for other
sites. Rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect in -process (e.g.,
untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples immediately with water.
e.) Whenever possible, transport sufficient clean equipment to the field so that an entire
sampling event can be conducted without the need for cleaning equipment in the
field.
f.) Segregate equipment that is only used once (i.e., not cleaned in the field) from clean
equipment and return to the in-house cleaning facility to be cleaned in a controlled
environment.
g.) Protect decontaminated field equipment from environmental contamination by
securely wrapping and sealing with one of the following:
1. Aluminum foil (commercial grade is acceptable)
2. Untreated butcher paper
3. Clean, untreated, disposable plastic bags. Plastic bags may be used for all
analyte groups except volatile and extractable organics. Plastic bags may
be used for volatile and extractable organics, if the equipment is first
wrapped in foil or butcher paper, or if the equipment is completely dry.
Cleaning Sample Collection Equipment
a.) On-Site/In-Field Cleaning — Cleaning equipment on -site is not recommended because
environmental conditions cannot be controlled and wastes (solvents and acids) must
be containerized for proper disposal.
1. Ambient temperature water may be substituted in the hot, sudsy water bath
and hot water rinses.
NOTE: Properly dispose of all solvents and acids.
Rev 4-08

2. Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field -cleaned
for other sites.
3. Immediately rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect
in -process (e.g., untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples with
water.
b.) Heavily Contaminated Equipment - In order to avoid contaminating other samples,
isolate heavily contaminated equipment from other equipment and thoroughly
decontaminate the equipment before further use. Equipment is considered heavily
contaminated if it:
1. Has been used to collect samples from a source known to contain
significantly higher levels than background.
2. Has been used to collect free product.
3. Has been used to collect industrial products (e.g., pesticides or solvents) or
their byproducts.
NOTE: Cleaning heavily contaminated equipment in the field is not recommended.
c.) On -Site Procedures:
1. Protect all other equipment, personnel and samples from exposure by
isolating the equipment immediately after use.
2. At a minimum, place the equipment in a tightly sealed, untreated, plastic
bag.
3. Do not store or ship the contaminated equipment next to clean,
decontaminated equipment, unused sample containers, or filled sample
containers.
4. Transport the equipment back to the base of operations for thorough
decontamination.
5. If cleaning must occur in the field, document the effectiveness of the
procedure, collect and analyze blanks on the cleaned equipment.
d.) Cleaning Procedures:
1. If organic contamination cannot be readily removed with scrubbing and a
detergent solution, pre -rinse equipment by thoroughly rinsing or soaking
the equipment in acetone.
2. Use hexane only if preceded and followed by acetone.
3. In extreme cases, it may be necessary to steam clean the field equipment
before proceeding with routine cleaning procedures.
4. After the solvent rinses (and/or steam cleaning), use the appropriate
cleaning procedure. Scrub, rather than soak, all equipment with sudsy
water. If high levels of metals are suspected and the equipment cannot be
cleaned without acid rinsing, soak the equipment in the appropriate acid.
Since stainless steel equipment should not be exposed to acid rinses, do
not use stainless steel equipment when heavy metal contamination is
suspected or present.
5. If the field equipment cannot be cleaned utilizing these procedures,
discard unless further cleaning with stronger solvents and/or oxidizing
solutions is effective as evidenced by visual observation and blanks.
6. Clearly mark or disable all discarded equipment to discourage use.
Rev 4-08

e.) General Cleaning - Follow these procedures when cleaning equipment under
controlled conditions. Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions
and/or recommendations.
1. Procedure for Teflon, stainless steel and glass sampling equipment: This
procedure must be used when sampling for ALL analyte groups.
(Extractable organics, metals, nutrients, etc. or if a single decontamination
protocol is desired to clean all Teflon, stainless steel and glass equipment.)
Rinse equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water. If
samples for trace metals or inorganic analytes will be collected with the
equipment that is not stainless steel, thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces)
with the appropriate acid solution. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free
water. Make sure that all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed with
water. If samples for volatile or extractable organics will be collected,
rinse with isopropanol. Wet equipment surfaces thoroughly with free -
flowing solvent. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Allow to air
dry. Wrap and seal as soon as the equipment has air-dried. If isopropanol
is used, the equipment may be air-dried without the final analyte-free
water rinse; however, the equipment must be completely dry before
wrapping or use. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the
procedure described above.
2. General Cleaning Procedure for Plastic Sampling Equipment: Rinse
equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water.
Thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces) with the appropriate acid solution.
Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions and/or
recommendations. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Be sure that
all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed. Allow to air dry as long as
possible. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the procedure
described above.
Rev 4-08 10

Appendix B - Collecting Soil Samples
Soil samples are collected for a variety of purposes. A methodical sampling approach must be
used to assure that sample collection activities provide reliable data. Sampling must begin with
an evaluation of background information, historical data and site conditions.
Soil Field Screening Procedures
Field screening is the use of portable devices capable of detecting petroleum contaminants on
a real-time basis or by a rapid field analytical technique. Field screening should be used to help
assess locations where contamination is most likely to be present.
When possible, field -screening samples should be collected directly from the excavation or
from the excavation equipment's bucket. If field screening is conducted only from the
equipment's bucket, then a minimum of one field screening sample should be collected from
each 10 cubic yards of excavated soil. If instruments or other observations indicate
contamination, soil should be separated into stockpiles based on apparent degrees of
contamination. At a minimum, soil suspected of contamination must be segregated from soil
observed to be free of contamination.
a.) Field screening devices — Many field screen instruments are available for detecting
contaminants in the field on a rapid or real-time basis. Acceptable field screening
instruments must be suitable for the contaminant being screened. The procdedure for
field screening using photoionization detectors (PIDs) and flame ionization detectors
(FIDs) is described below. If other instruments are used, a description of the
instrument or method and its intended use must be provided to the Solid Waste
Section. Whichever field screening method is chosen, its accuracy must be verified
throughout the sampling process. Use appropriate standards that match the use
intended for the data. Unless the Solid Waste Section indicates otherwise, wherever
field screening is recommended in this document, instrumental or analytical methods
of detection must be used, not olfactory or visual screening methods.
b.) Headspace analytical screening procedure for filed screening (semi -quantitative field
screening) - The most commonly used field instruments for Solid Waste Section site
assessments are FIDs and PIDs. When using FIDs and PIDs, use the following
headspace screening procedure to obtain and analyze field -screening samples:
1. Partially fill (one-third to one-half) a clean jar or clean ziplock bag with
the sample to be analyzed. The total capacity of the jar or bag may not be
less than eight ounces (app. 250 ml), but the container should not be so
large as to allow vapor diffusion and stratification effects to significantly
affect the sample.
2. If the sample is collected from a spilt -spoon, it must be transferred to the
jar or bag for headspace analysis immediately after opening the split -
spoon. If the sample is collected from an excavation or soil pile, it must
be collected from freshly uncovered soil.
Rev 4-08 11

3. If a jar is used, it must be quickly covered with clean aluminum foil or a
jar lid; screw tops or thick rubber bands must be used to tightly seal the
jar. If a zip lock bag is used, it must be quickly sealed shut.
4. Headspace vapors must be allowed to develop in the container for at least
10 minutes but no longer than one hour. Containers must be shaken or
agitated for 15 seconds at the beginning and the end of the headspace
development period to assist volatilization. Temperatures of the
headspace must be warmed to at least 5° C (approximately 40' F) with
instruments calibrated for the temperature used.
5. After headspace development, the instrument sampling probe must be
inserted to a point about one-half the headspace depth. The container
opening must be minimized and care must be taken to avoid the uptake of
water droplets and soil particulates.
6. After probe insertion, the highest meter reading must be taken and
recorded. This will normally occur between two and five seconds after
probe insertion. If erratic meter response occurs at high organic vapor
concentrations or conditions of elevated headspace moisture, a note to that
effect must accompany the headspace data.
7. All field screening results must be documented in the field record or log
book.
Soil Sample Collection Procedures for Laboratory Samples
The number and type of laboratory samples collected depends on the purpose of the sampling
activity. Samples analyzed with field screening devices may not be substituted for required
laboratory samples.
a.) General Sample Collection - When collecting samples from potentially contaminated
soil, care should be taken to reduce contact with skin or other parts of the body.
Disposable gloves should be worn by the sample collector and should be changed
between samples to avoid cross -contamination. Soil samples should be collected in a
manner that causes the least disturbance to the internal structure of the sample and
reduces its exposure to heat, sunlight and open air. Likewise, care should be taken to
keep the samples from being contaminated by other materials or other samples
collected at the site. When sampling is to occur over an extended period of time, it is
necessary to insure that the samples are collected in a comparable manner. All
samples must be collected with disposable or clean tools that have been
decontaminated. Disposable gloves must be worn and changed between sample
collections. Sample containers must be filled quickly. Soil samples must be placed
in containers in the order of volatility, for example, volatile organic aromatic samples
must be taken first, organics next, then heavier range organics, and finally soil
classification samples. Containers must be quickly and adequately sealed, and rims
must be cleaned before tightening lids. Tape may be used only if known not to affect
sample analysis. Sample containers must be clearly labeled. Containers must
immediately be preserved according to procedures in this Section. Unless specified
Rev 4-08 12

otherwise, at a minimum, the samples must be immediately cooled to 4 ± 2°C and this
temperature must be maintained throughout delivery to the laboratory.
b.) Surface Soil Sampling - Surface soil is generally classified as soil between the ground
surface and 6-12 inches below ground surface. Remove leaves, grass and surface
debris from the area to be sampled. Select an appropriate, pre -cleaned sampling
device and collect the sample. Transfer the sample to the appropriate sample
container. Clean the outside of the sample container to remove excess soil. Label the
sample container, place on wet ice to preserve at 4°C, and complete the field notes.
c.) Subsurface Soil Sampling — The interval begins at approximately 12 inches below
ground surface. Collect samples for volatile organic analyses. For other analyses,
select an appropriate, pre -cleaned sampling device and collect the sample. Transfer
the sample to the appropriate sample container. Clean the outside of the sample
container to remove excess soil. Label the sample container, place on wet ice to
preserve at 4°C, and complete field notes.
d.) Equipment for Reachingthe Appropriate Soil Sampling Depth - Samples may be
collected using a hollow stem soil auger, direct push, Shelby tube, split -spoon
sampler, or core barrel. These sampling devices may be used as long as an effort is
made to reduce the loss of contaminants through volatilization. In these situations,
obtain a sufficient volume of so the samples can be collected without volatilization
and disturbance to the internal structure of the samples. Samples should be collected
from cores of the soil. Non -disposable sampling equipment must be decontaminated
between each sample location. NOTE: If a confining layer has been breached during
sampling, grout the hole to land.
e.) Equipment to Collect Soil Samples - Equipment and materials that may be used to
collect soil samples include disposable plastic syringes and other "industry -standard"
equipment and materials that are contaminant -free. Non -disposable sampling
equipment must be decontaminated between each sample location.
Rev 4-08 13

Appendix C - Collecting Groundwater Samples
Groundwater samples are collected to identify, investigate, assess and monitor the concentration
of dissolved contaminant constituents. To properly assess groundwater contamination, first
install sampling points (monitoring wells, etc.) to collect groundwater samples and then perform
specific laboratory analyses. All monitoring wells should be constructed in accordance with 15A
NCAC 2C .0100 and sampled as outlined in this section. Groundwater monitoring is conducted
using one of two methods:
1. Portable Monitoring: Monitoring that is conducted using sampling equipment that is
discarded between sampling locations. Equipment used to collect a groundwater sample
from a well such as bailers, tubing, gloves, and etc. are disposed of after sample
collection. A new set of sampling equipment is used to collect a groundwater sample at
the next monitor well.
2. Dedicated Monitoriniz: Monitoring that utilizes permanently affixed down -well and well
head components that are capped after initial set-up. Most dedicated monitoring systems
are comprised of an in -well submersible bladder pump, with air supply and sample
discharge tubing, and an above -ground driver/controller for regulation of flow rates and
volumes. The pump and all tubing housed within the well should be composed of Teflon
or stainless steel components. This includes seals inside the pump, the pump body, and
fittings used to connect tubing to the pump. Because ground water will not be in contact
with incompatible constituents and because the well is sealed from the surface, virtually
no contamination is possible from intrinsic sources during sampling and between
sampling intervals. All dedicated monitoring systems must be approved by the Solid
Waste Section before installation.
Groundwater samples may be collected from a number of different configurations. Each
configuration is associated with a unique set of sampling equipment requirements and
techniques:
1. Wells without Plumbing: These wells require equipment to be brought to the well to
purge and sample unless dedicated equipment is placed in the well.
2. Wells with In -Place Plumbing: Wells with in -place plumbing do not require equipment
to be brought to the well to purge and sample. In -place plumbing is generally considered
permanent equipment routinely used for purposes other than purging and sampling, such
as for water supply.
3. Air Strippers or Remedial Systems: These types of systems are installed as remediation
devices.
Rev 4-08 14

Groundwater Sample Preparation
The type of sample containers used depends on the type of analysis performed. First,
determine the type(s) of contaminants expected and the proper analytical method(s). Be sure to
consult your selected laboratory for its specific needs and requirements prior to sampling.
Next, prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.) before taking any samples so
that each sample can be placed in a chilled environment immediately after collection.
Use groundwater purging and sampling equipment constructed of only non -reactive, non -
leachable materials that are compatible with the environment and the selected analytes. In
selecting groundwater purging and sampling equipment, give consideration to the depth of the
well, the depth to groundwater, the volume of water to be evacuated, the sampling and purging
technique, and the analytes of interest. Additional supplies, such as reagents and preservatives,
may be necessary.
All sampling equipment (bailers, tubing, containers, etc.) must be selected based on its
chemical compatibility with the source being sampled (e.g., water supply well, monitoring well)
and the contaminants potentially present.
a.) Pumps - All pumps or pump tubing must be lowered and retrieved from the well
slowly and carefully to minimize disturbance to the formation water. This is
especially critical at the air/water interface.
1. Above -Ground Pumps
• Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump: Use a variable speed peristaltic
pump to purge groundwater from wells when the static water level
in the well is no greater than 20- 25 feet below land surface (BLS).
If the water levels are deeper than 18-20 feet BLS, the pumping
velocity will decrease. A variable speed peristaltic pump can be
used for normal purging and sampling, and sampling low
permeability aquifers or formations. Most analyte groups can be
sampled with a peristaltic pump if the tubing and pump
configurations are appropriate.
• Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump: A variable speed centrifugal
pump can be used to purge groundwater from 2-inch and larger
internal diameter wells. Do not use this type of pump to collect
groundwater samples. When purging is complete, do not allow the
water that remains in the tubing to fall back into the well. Install a
check valve at the end of the purge tubing.
2. Submersible Pumps
• Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump: A variable speed
submersible pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater
from 2-inch and larger internal diameter wells. A variable speed
submersible pump can be used for normal purging and sampling,
and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations. The pump
housing, fittings, check valves and associated hardware must be
constructed of stainless steel. All other materials must be
Rev 4-08 15

b.) Bailers
compatible with the analytes of interest. Install a check valve at
the output side of the pump to prevent backflow. If purging and
sampling for organics, the entire length of the delivery tube must
be Teflon, polyethylene or polypropylene (PP) tubing; the
electrical cord must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP and
any cabling must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be
constructed of stainless steel; and all interior components that
contact the sample water (impeller, seals, gaskets, etc.) must be
constructed of stainless steel or Teflon.
3. Variable Speed Bladder Pump: A variable speed, positive displacement,
bladder pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater from 3/4-inch
and larger internal diameter wells.
• A variable speed bladder pump can be used for normal purging and
sampling, and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations.
• The bladder pump system is composed of the pump, the
compressed air tubing, the water discharge tubing, the controller
and a compressor, or a compressed gas supply.
• The pump consists of a bladder and an exterior casing or pump
body that surrounds the bladder and two (2) check valves. These
parts can be composed of various materials, usually combinations
of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Teflon, polyethylene, PP and
stainless steel. Other materials must be compatible with the
analytes of interest.
• If purging and sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constructed of stainless steel. The valves and bladder must be
Teflon, polyethylene or PP; the entire length of the delivery tube
must be Teflon, polyethylene or PP; and any cabling must be
sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be constructed of stainless
steel.
• Permanently installed pumps may have a PVC pump body as long
as the pump remains in contact with the water in the well.
I. Purging: Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing can
cause changes in the chemistry of the water due to aeration and loosening
particulate matter in the space around the well screen. Use a bailer if there
is non -aqueous phase liquid (free product) in the well or if non -aqueous
phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Sampling: Bailers must be used with caution.
3. Construction and Type: Bailers must be constructed of materials
compatible with the analytes of interest. Stainless steel, Teflon, rigid
medical grade PVC, polyethylene and PP bailers may be used to sample
all analytes. Use disposable bailers when sampling grossly contaminated
sample sources. NCDENR recommends using dual check valve bailers
when collecting samples. Use bailers with a controlled flow bottom to
collect volatile organic samples.
Rev 4-08 16

4. Contamination Prevention: Keep the bailer wrapped (foil, butcher paper,
etc.) until just before use. Use protective gloves to handle the bailer once
it is removed from its wrapping. Handle the bailer by the lanyard to
minimize contact with the bailer surface.
c.) Lans
1. Lanyards must be made of non -reactive, non -leachable material. They
may be cotton twine, nylon, stainless steel, or may be coated with Teflon,
polyethylene or PP.
2. Discard cotton twine, nylon, and non -stainless steel braided lanyards after
sampling each monitoring well.
3. Decontaminate stainless steel, coated Teflon, polyethylene and PP
lanyards between monitoring wells. They do not need to be
decontaminated between purging and sampling operations.
Water Level and Purge Volume Determination
The amount of water that must be purged from a well is determined by the volume of water
and/or field parameter stabilization.
a.) General Equipment Considerations - Selection of appropriate purging equipment
depends on the analytes of interest, the well diameter, transmissivity of the aquifer,
the depth to groundwater, and other site conditions.
1. Use of a pump to purge the well is recommended unless no other
equipment can be used or there is non -aqueous phase liquid in the well, or
non -aqueous phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing:
• Introduces atmospheric oxygen, which may precipitate metals
(i.e., iron) or cause other changes in the chemistry of the water
in the sample (i.e., pH).
• Agitates groundwater, which may bias volatile and semi -
volatile organic analyses due to volatilization.
• Agitates the water in the aquifer and resuspends fine particulate
matter.
• Surges the well, loosening particulate matter in the annular
space around the well screen.
• May introduce dirt into the water column if the sides of the
casing wall are scraped.
NOTE: It is critical for bailers to be slowly and gently immersed into the top of the water
column, particularly during the final stages of purging. This minimizes turbidity and
disturbance of volatile organic constituents.
b.) Initial Inspection
1. Remove the well cover and remove all standing water around the top of
the well casing (manhole) before opening the well.
2. Inspect the exterior protective casing of the monitoring well for damage.
Document the results of the inspection if there is a problem.
3. It is recommended that you place a protective covering around the well
head. Replace the covering if it becomes soiled or ripped.
Rev 4-08 17

4. Inspect the well lock and determine whether the cap fits tightly. Replace
the cap if necessary.
c.) Water Level Measurements - Use an electronic probe or chalked tape to determine the
water level. Decontaminate all equipment before use. Measure the depth to
groundwater from the top of the well casing to the nearest 0.01 foot. Always measure
from the same reference point or survey mark on the well casing. Record the
measurement.
I. Electronic Probe: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Follow the
manufacturer's instructions for use. Record the measurement.
2. Chalked Line Method: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Lower
chalked tape into the well until the lower end is in the water. This is
usually determined by the sound of the weight hitting the water. Record
the length of the tape relative to the reference point. Remove the tape and
note the length of the wetted portion. Record the length. Determine the
depth to water by subtracting the length of the wetted portion from the
total length. Record the result.
d.) Water Column Determination - To determine the length of the water column, subtract
the depth to the top of the water column from the total well depth (or gauged well
depth if silting has occurred). The total well depth depends on the well construction.
If gauged well depth is used due to silting, report total well depth also. Some wells
may be drilled in areas of sinkhole, karst formations or rock leaving an open
borehole. Attempt to find the total borehole depth in cases where there is an open
borehole below the cased portion.
e.) Well Water Volume - Calculate the total volume of water, in gallons, in the well
using the following equation:
V = (0.041)d x d x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
d = well diameter in inches
h = height of the water column in feet
The total volume of water in the well may also be determined with the following
equation by using a casing volume per foot factor (Gallons per Foot of Water) for the
appropriate diameter well:
V = [Gallons per Foot of Water] x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
h = height of the water column in feet
Record all measurements and calculations in the field records.
f.) Purging Equipment Volume - Calculate the total volume of the pump, associated
tubing and flow cell (if used), using the following equation:
V= p + ((0.041)d x dx 1)+fc
Where:
V = volume in gallons
p = volume of pump in gallons
d = tubing diameter in inches
1= length of tubing in feet
Rev 4-08 18

fc = volume of flow cell in gallons
g.) If the groundwater elevation data are to be used to construct groundwater elevation
contour maps, all water level measurements must be taken within the same 24 hour
time interval when collecting samples from multiple wells on a site, unless a shorter
time period is required. If the site is tidally influenced, complete the water level
measurements within the time frame of an incoming or outgoing tide.
Well Purging Techniques
The selection of the purging technique and equipment is dependent on the hydrogeologic
properties of the aquifer, especially depth to groundwater and hydraulic conductivity.
a.) Measuring the Purge Volume - The volume of water that is removed during purging
must be recorded. Therefore, you must measure the volume during the purging
operation.
1. Collect the water in a graduated container and multiply the number of
times the container was emptied by the volume of the container, OR
2. Estimate the volume based on pumping rate. This technique may be used
only if the pumping rate is constant. Determine the pumping rate by
measuring the amount of water that is pumped for a fixed period of time,
or use a flow meter.
• Calculate the amount of water that is discharged per
minute: D = Measured Amount/Total Time In Minutes
• Calculate the time needed to purge one (1) well volume or
one (1) purging equipment volume: Time = V/D
Where: V = well volume or purging equipment volume
D = discharge rate
• Make new measurements each time the pumping rate is
changed.
3. Use a totalizing flow meter.
• Record the reading on the totalizer prior to purging.
• Record the reading on the totalizer at the end of purging.
• To obtain the volume purged, subtract the reading on the
totalizer prior to purging from the reading on the totalizer at
the end of purging.
• Record the times that purging begins and ends in the field
records.
b.) Purging Measurement Frequency - When purging a well that has the well screen fully
submerged and the pump or intake tubing is placed within the well casing above the
well screen or open hole, purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Allow at least one quarter (1/4) well volume
to purge between subsequent measurements. When purging a well that has the pump
or intake tubing placed within a fully submerged well screen or open hole, purge until
the water level has stabilized (well recovery rate equals the purge rate), then purge a
minimum of one (1) volume of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell (if used)
prior to collecting measurements of the field parameters. Take measurements of the
field parameters no sooner than two (2) to three (3) minutes apart. Purge at least
Rev 4-08 19

three (3) volumes of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell, if used, prior to
collecting a sample. When purging a well that has a partially submerged well screen,
purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting measurements of the
field parameters. Take measurements of the field parameters no sooner than two (2)
to three (3) minutes apart.
c.) Purging ompletion - Wells must be adequately purged prior to sample collection to
ensure representation of the aquifer formation water, rather than stagnant well water.
This may be achieved by purging three volumes from the well or by satisfying any
one of the following three purge completion criteria:
1.) Three (3) consecutive measurements in which the three (3) parameters listed
below are within the stated limits, dissolved oxygen is no greater than 20
percent of saturation at the field measured temperature, and turbidity is no
greater than 20 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs).
• Temperature: + 0.2° C
• pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
• Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
Document and report the following, as applicable. The last four items only
need to be submitted once:
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
2.) If it is impossible to get dissolved oxygen at or below 20 percent of saturation
at the field measured temperature or turbidity at or below 20 NTUs, then three
(3) consecutive measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance and
the parameter(s) dissolved oxygen and/or turbidity that do not meet the
requirements above must be within the limits below. The measurements are:
• Temperature: + 0.2° C
• pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
• Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
• Dissolved Oxygen: + 0.2 mg/L or 10%, whichever is
greater
• Turbidity: + 5 NTUs or 10%, whichever is greater
Additionally, document and report the following, as applicable, except that
the last four(4) items only need to be submitted once:
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
dissolved oxygen to be high and/or dissolved oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
Rev 4-08 20

• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
3.) If after five (5) well volumes, three (3) consecutive measurements of the field
parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and
turbidity are not within the limits stated above, check the instrument condition
and calibration, purging flow rate and all tubing connections to determine if
they might be affecting the ability to achieve stable measurements. It is at the
discretion of the consultant/contractor whether or not to collect a sample or to
continue purging. Further, the report in which the data are submitted must
include the following, as applicable. The last four (4) items only need to be
submitted once.
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
Dissolved Oxygen to be high and/or Dissolved Oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
If wells have previously and consistently purged dry, and the current depth to
groundwater indicates that the well will purge dry during the current sampling
event, minimize the amount of water removed from the well by using the same
pump to purge and collect the sample:
• Place the pump or tubing intake within the well screened
interval.
• Use very small diameter Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing
and the smallest possible pump chamber volume. This will
minimize the total volume of water pumped from the well
and reduce drawdown.
• Select tubing that is thick enough to minimize oxygen
transfer through the tubing walls while pumping.
Rev 4-08 21

• Pump at the lowest possible rate (100 mL/minute or less) to
reduce drawdown to a minimum.
• Purge at least two (2) volumes of the pumping system
(pump, tubing and flow cell, if used).
• Measure pH, specific conductance, temperature, dissolved
oxygen and turbidity, then begin to collect the samples.
Collect samples immediately after purging is complete. The time period between
completing the purge and sampling cannot exceed six hours. If sample collection
does not occur within one hour of purging completion, re -measure the five field
parameters: temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen and turbidity,
just prior to collecting the sample. If the measured values are not within 10 percent
of the previous measurements, re -purge the well. The exception is "dry" wells.
d.) Lanyards
1. Securely fasten lanyards, if used, to any downhole equipment (bailers,
pumps, etc.).
2. Use bailer lanyards in such a way that they do not touch the ground
surface.
Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Tubin /gip Placement
1. If attempting to minimize the volume of purge water, position the intake
hose or pump at the midpoint of the screened or open hole interval.
2. If monitoring well conditions do not allow minimizing of the purge water
volume, position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water
column. This will ensure that all stagnant water in the casing is removed.
3. If the well screen or borehole is partially submerged, and the pump will be
used for both purging and sampling, position the pump midway between
the measured water level and the bottom of the screen. Otherwise,
position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water column.
b.) Non -dedicated (portable) pumps
1. Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Attach a short section of tubing to the discharge side of the
pump and into a graduated container.
• Attach one end of a length of new or precleaned tubing to
the pump head flexible hose.
• Place the tubing as described in one of the options listed
above.
• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
Rev 4-08 22

• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that
water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells (see
Appendix C) or if precleaned tubing is used for each well,
only the pump.
2. Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Place the decontaminated suction hose so that water is
always pumped from the top of the water column.
• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Equip the suction hose with a foot valve to prevent purge
water from re-entering the well.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that the
water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
3. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Carefully position the decontaminated pump.
Rev 4-08 23

• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or only
the pump if precleaned tubing is used for each well.
4. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Attach the tubing and carefully position the pump.
• Change gloves before beginning purging.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
c.) Dedicated Portable Pumps
1. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves.
Rev 4-08 24

• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
3. Bailers - Using bailers for purging is not recommended unless care is
taken to use proper bailing technique, or if free product is present in the
well or suspected to be in the well.
• Minimize handling the bailer as much as possible.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Remove the bailer from its protective wrapping just before
use.
• Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
• Use the lanyard to move and position the bailer.
• Lower and retrieve the bailer slowly and smoothly.
• Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column.
• When the bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the
water column at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is
reached.
• Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one (1) foot
below the top of the water table so that water is removed
from the top of the water column.
• Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
Rev 4-08 25

• Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the same
rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has cleared to
top of the water column.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record the volume of the bailer.
• Continue to carefully lower and retrieve the bailer as
described above until the purging is considered complete,
based on either the removal of 3 well volumes.
• Remove at least one (1) well volume before collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Take each
subsequent set of measurements after removing at least one
quarter (1/4) well volume between measurements.
Groundwater Sampling Techniques
a.) Purge wells.
b.) Replace protective covering around the well if it is soiled or torn after completing
purging operations.
c.) Equipment Considerations
1. The following pumps are approved to collect volatile organic samples:
• Stainless steel and Teflon variable speed submersible
PUMPS
• Stainless steel and Teflon or polyethylene variable speed
bladder pumps
• Permanently installed PVC bodied pumps (As long as the
pump remains in contact with the water in the well at all
times)
2. Collect sample from the sampling device and store in sample container.
Do not use intermediate containers.
3. To avoid contamination or loss of analytes from the sample, handle
sampling equipment as little as possible and minimize equipment exposure
to the sample.
4. To reduce chances of cross -contamination, use dedicated equipment
whenever possible. "Dedicated" is defined as equipment that is to be used
solely for one location for the life of that equipment (e.g., permanently
mounted pump). Purchase dedicated equipment with the most sensitive
analyte of interest in mind.
• Clean or make sure dedicated pumps are clean before
installation. They do not need to be cleaned prior to each
use, but must be cleaned if they are withdrawn for repair or
servicing.
• Clean or make sure any permanently mounted tubing is
clean before installation.
• Change or clean tubing when the pump is withdrawn for
servicing.
• Clean any replaceable or temporary parts.
Rev 4-08 26

• Collect equipment blanks on dedicated pumping systems
when the tubing is cleaned or replaced.
• Clean or make sure dedicated bailers are clean before
placing them into the well.
• Collect an equipment blank on dedicated bailers before
introducing them into the water column.
• Suspend dedicated bailers above the water column if they
are stored in the well.
Sampling Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Sampling with Pumps — The following pumps may be used to sample for organics:
• Peristaltic pumps
• Stainless steel, Teflon or polyethylene bladder pumps
• Variable speed stainless steel and Teflon submersible
PUMPS
Peristaltic Pump
• Volatile Organics: One of three methods may be used.
■ Remove the drop tubing from the inlet side
of the pump; submerge the drop tubing into
the water column; prevent the water in the
tubing from flowing back into the well;
remove the drop tubing from the well;
carefully allow the groundwater to drain into
the sample vials; avoid turbulence; do not
aerate the sample; repeat steps until enough
vials are filled. OR
■ Use the pump to fill the drop tubing; quickly
remove the tubing from the pump; prevent
the water in the tubing from flowing back
into the well; remove the drop tubing from
the well; carefully allow the groundwater to
drain into the sample vials; avoid
turbulence; do not aerate the sample; repeat
steps until enough vials are filled. OR
■ Use the pump to fill the drop tubing;
withdraw the tubing from the well; reverse
the flow on the peristaltic pumps to deliver
the sample into the vials at a slow, steady
rate; repeat steps until enough vials are
filled.
• Extractable Organics: If delivery tubing is not
polyethylene or PP, or is not Teflon lined, use pump and
vacuum trap method. Connect the outflow tubing from the
container to the influent side of the peristaltic pump. Turn
pump on and reduce flow until smooth and even. Discard a
Rev 4-08 27

small portion of the sample to allow for air space. Preserve
(if required), label, and complete field notes.
• Inorganic samples: These samples may be collected from
the effluent tubing. If samples are collected from the
pump, decontaminate all tubing (including the tubing in the
head) or change it between wells. Preserve (if required),
label, and complete field notes.
2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
• If sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constructed of stainless steel and the valves and bladder
must be Teflon. All tubing must be Teflon, polyethylene,
or PP and any cabling must be sealed in Teflon,
polyethylene or PP, or made of stainless steel.
• After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
• When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible.
3. Variable Speed Submersible Pump
• The housing must be stainless steel.
• If sampling for organics, the internal impellers, seals and
gaskets must be constructed of stainless steel, Teflon,
polyethylene or PP. The delivery tubing must be Teflon,
polyethylene or PP; the electrical cord must be sealed in
Teflon; any cabling must be sealed in Teflon or constructed
of stainless steel.
• After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
• When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible.
b.) Sampling with Bailers - A high degree of skill and coordination are necessary to
collect representative samples with a bailer.
1. General Considerations
• Minimize handling of bailer as much as possible.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Remove bailer from protective wrapping just before use.
• Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
• Use the lanyard to move and position the bailers.
• Do not allow bailer or lanyard to touch the ground.
• If bailer is certified precleaned, no rinsing is necessary.
• If both a pump and a bailer are to be used to collect
samples, rinse the exterior and interior of the bailer with
sample water from the pump before removing the pump.
• If the purge pump is not appropriate for collecting samples
(e.g., non -inert components), rinse the bailer by collecting a
single bailer of the groundwater to be sampled.
• Discard the water appropriately.
Rev 4-08 28

• Do not rinse the bailer if Oil and Grease samples are to be
collected.
2. Bailing Technique
• Collect all samples that are required to be collected with a
pump before collecting samples with the bailer.
• Raise and lower the bailer gently to minimize stirring up
particulate matter in the well and the water column, which
can increase sample turbidity.
• Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column. When the
bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the water column
at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is reached.
• Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one foot below
the top of the water table, so that water is removed from the
top of the water column.
• Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
• Do not allow the bailer to touch the bottom of the well or
particulate matter will be incorporated into the sample.
Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the
same rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has
cleared to top of the water column.
• Lower the bailer to approximately the same depth each
time.
• Collect the sample. Install a device to control the flow
from the bottom of the bailer and discard the first few
inches of water. Fill the appropriate sample containers by
allowing the sample to slowly flow down the side of the
container. Discard the last few inches of water in the
bailer.
• Repeat steps for additional samples.
• As a final step measure the DO, pH, temperature, turbidity
and specific conductance after the final sample has been
collected. Record all measurements and note the time
that sampling was completed.
c.) Sampling Low Permeability Aquifers or Wells that have Purged D
1. Collect the sample(s) after the well has been purged. Minimize the amount
of water removed from the well by using the same pump to purge and
collect the sample. If the well has purged dry, collect samples as soon as
sufficient sample water is available.
2. Measure the five field parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen and turbidity at the time of sample collection.
3. Advise the analytical laboratory and the client that the usual amount of
sample for analysis may not be available.
Rev 4-08 29

Appendix D - Collecting Samples from Wells with
Plumbing in Place
In -place plumbing is generally considered permanent equipment routinely used for purposes
other than purging and sampling, such as for water supply.
a.) Air Strippers or Remedial Systems - These types of systems are installed as
remediation devices. Collect influent and effluent samples from air stripping units as
described below.
1. Remove any tubing from the sampling port and flush for one to two
minutes.
2. Remove all hoses, aerators and filters (if possible).
3. Open the spigot and purge sufficient volume to flush the spigot and lines
and until the purging completion criteria have been met.
4. Reduce the flow rate to approximately 500 mUminute (a 1/8" stream) or
approximately 0.1 gal/minute before collecting samples.
5. Follow procedures for collecting samples from water supply wells as
outlined below.
b.) Water Supply Wells — Water supply wells with in -place plumbing do not require
equipment to be brought to the well to purge and sample. Water supply wells at UST
facilities must be sampled for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile
compounds (SVOCs).
1. Procedures for Sampling Water Supply Wells
• Label sample containers prior to sample collection.
• Prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.;
before taking any samples so each collected sample can be
placed in a chilled environment immediately after
collection.
• You must choose the tap closest to the well, preferably at
the wellhead. The tap must be before any holding or
pressurization tank, water softener, ion exchange,
disinfection process or before the water line enters the
residence, office or building. If no tap fits the above
conditions, a new tap that does must be installed.
• The well pump must not be lubricated with oil, as that may
contaminate the samples.
• The sampling tap must be protected from exterior
contamination associated with being too close to a sink
bottom or to the ground. If the tap is too close to the
ground for direct collection into the appropriate container,
it is acceptable to use a smaller (clean) container to transfer
the sample to a larger container.
• Leaking taps that allow water to discharge from around the
valve stem handle and down the outside of the faucet, or
taps in which water tends to run up on the outside of the lip,
are to be avoided as sampling locations.
Rev 4-08 30

• Disconnect any hoses, filters, or aerators attached to the tap
before sampling.
• Do not sample from a tap close to a gas pump. The gas
fumes could contaminate the sample.
2. Collecting Volatile Organic Samples
• Equipment Needed: VOC sample vials [40 milliliters,
glass, may contain 3 to 4 drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
as preservative]; Disposable gloves and protective goggles;
Ice chest/cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic
bags, bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
• Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run water longer (purging
three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is located
directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the holding
tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where you will
take your sample. This will ensure that the water you
collect is "fresh" from the well and not ftom the holding
tank. After running the water for at least 15 minutes,
reduce the flow of water. The flow should be reduced to a
trickle but not so slow that it begins to drip. A smooth flow
of water will make collection easier and more accurate.
Remove the cap of a VOC vial and hold the vial under the
stream of water to fill it. Be careful not to spill any acid
that is in the vial. For best results use a low flow of water
and angle the vial slightly so that the water runs down the
inside of the vial. This will help keep the sample ftom
being agitated, aerated or splashed out of the vial. It will
also increase the accuracy of the sample. As the vial fills
and is almost full, turn the vial until it is straight up and
down so the water won't spill out. Fill the vial until the
water is just about to spill over the lip of the vial. The
surface of the water sample should become mounded. It is
a good idea not to overfill the vial, especially if an acid
preservative is present in the vial. Carefully replace and
screw the cap onto the vial. Some water may overflow as
the cap is put on. After the cap is secure, turn the vial
upside down and gently tap the vial to see if any bubbles
are present. If bubbles are present in the vial, remove the
cap, add more water and check again to see if bubbles are
present. Repeat as necessary. After two samples without
bubbles have been collected, the samples should be labeled
and prepared for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.
Rev 4-08 31

3. Collecting Extractable Organic and/or Metals Samples
• Equipment Needed: SVOC sample bottle [1 liter, amber
glass] and/or Metals sample bottle [0.5 liter, polyethylene
or glass, 5 milliliters of nitric acid (HNO3) preservative];
Disposable gloves and protective goggles; Ice
Chest/Cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic bags,
bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
• Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run the water longer
(purging three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is
located directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the
holding tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where
you will take your sample. This will ensure that the water
you collect is "fresh" from the well and not from the
holding tank. After running the water for at least 15
minutes, reduce the flow. Low water flow makes
collection easier and more accurate. Remove the cap of a
SVOC or metals bottle and hold it under the stream of
water to fill it. The bottle does not have to be completely
filled (i.e., you can leave an inch or so of headspace in the
bottle). After filling, screw on the cap, label the bottle and
prepare for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.
Rev 4-08 32

Appendix E - Collecting Surface Water Samples
The following topics include 1.) acceptable equipment selection and equipment construction
materials and 2.) standard grab, depth -specific and depth-composited surface water sampling
techniques.
Facilities which contain or border small rivers, streams or branches should include surface water
sampling as part of the monitoring program for each sampling event. A simple procedure for
selecting surface water monitoring sites is to locate a point on a stream where drainage leaves the
site. This provides detection of contamination through, and possibly downstream of, site via
discharge of surface waters. The sampling points selected should be downstream from any waste
areas. An upstream sample should be obtained in order to determine water quality upstream of
the influence of the site.
a.) General Cautions
1. When using watercraft take samples near the bow away and upwind from
any gasoline outboard engine. Orient watercraft so that bow is positioned
in the upstream direction.
2. When wading, collect samples upstream from the body. Avoid disturbing
sediments in the immediate area of sample collection.
3. Collect water samples prior to taking sediment samples when obtaining
both from the same area (site).
4. Unless dictated by permit, program or order, sampling at or near man-
made structures (e.g., dams, weirs or bridges) may not provide
representative data because of unnatural flow patterns.
5. Collect surface water samples from downstream towards upstream.
b.) Equipment and Supplies - Select equipment based on the analytes of interest, specific
use, and availability.
c.) Surface Water Sampling Techniques - Adhere to all general protocols applicable to
aqueous sampling when following the surface water sampling procedures addressed
below.
1. Manual Sampling: Use manual sampling for collecting grab samples for
immediate in -situ field analyses. Use manual sampling in lieu of
automatic equipment over extended periods of time for composite
sampling, especially when it is necessary to observe and/or note unusual
conditions.
• Surface Grab Samples - Do not use sample containers containing
premeasured amounts of preservatives to collect grab samples. If
the sample matrix is homogeneous, then the grab method is a
simple and effective technique for collection purposes. If
homogeneity is not apparent, based on flow or vertical variations
(and should never be assumed), then use other collection protocols.
Where practical, use the actual sample container submitted to the
laboratory for collecting samples to be analyzed for oil and grease,
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and microbiological samples.
This procedure eliminates the possibility of contaminating the
sample with an intermediate collection container. The use of
Rev 4-08 33

unpreserved sample containers as direct grab samplers is
encouraged since the same container can be submitted for
laboratory analysis after appropriate preservation. This procedure
reduces sample handling and eliminates potential contamination
from other sources (e.g., additional sampling equipment,
environment, etc.).
1. Grab directly into sample container.
2. Slowly submerge the container, opening neck first, into the
water.
3. Invert the bottle so the neck is upright and pointing towards
the direction of water flow (if applicable). Allow water to
run slowly into the container until filled.
4. Return the filled container quickly to the surface.
5. Pour out a few mL of sample away from and downstream
of the sampling location. This procedure allows for the
addition of preservatives and sample expansion. Do not
use this step for volatile organics or other analytes where
headspace is not allowed in the sample container.
6. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes. If sample containers are attached to a
pole via a clamp, submerge the container and follow steps 3
— 5 but omit steps I and 2.
• Sampling with an Intermediate Vessel or Container: If the sample
cannot be collected directly into the sample container to be
submitted to the laboratory, or if the laboratory provides
prepreserved sample containers, use an unpreserved sample
container or an intermediate vessel (e.g., beakers, buckets or
dippers) to obtain the sample. These vessels must be constructed
appropriately, including any poles or extension arms used to access
the sample location.
I. Rinse the intermediate vessel with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
2. Collect the sample as outlined above using the intermediate
vessel.
3. Use pole mounted containers of appropriate construction to
sample at distances away from shore, boat, etc. Follow the
protocols above to collect samples.
• Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach
polyethylene, Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is
not acceptable for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs.
Extractable organics can be collected through the pump if flexible
interior -wall Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump
head or if used with the organic trap setup.
Rev 4-08 34

1. Lower appropriately precleaned tubing to a depth of 6 — 12
inches below water surface, where possible.
2. Pump 3 — 5 tube volumes through the system to acclimate
the tubing before collecting the first sample.
3. Fill individual sample bottles via the discharge tubing. Be
careful not to remove the inlet tubing from the water.
4. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes.
Mid -Depth Grab Samples: Mid -depth samples or samples taken at
a specific depth can approximate the conditions throughout the
entire water column. The equipment that may be used for this type
of sampling consists of the following depth -specific sampling
devices: Kemmerer, Niskin, Van Dorn type, etc. You may also
use pumps with tubing or double check -valve bailers. Certain
construction material details may preclude its use for certain
analytes. Many Kemmerer samplers are constructed of plastic and
rubber that preclude their use for all volatile and extractable
organic sampling. Some newer devices are constructed of stainless
steel or are all Teflon or Teflon -coated. These are acceptable for
all analyte groups without restriction.
1. Measure the water column to determine maximum depth
and sampling depth prior to lowering the sampling device.
2. Mark the line attached to the sampler with depth
increments so that the sampling depth can be accurately
recorded.
3. Lower the sampler slowly to the appropriate sampling
depth, taking care not to disturb the sediments.
4. At the desired depth, send the messenger weight down to
trip the closure mechanism.
5. Retrieve the sampler slowly.
6. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample. Discard rinsate
away from and downstream of the sampling location.
7. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Double Check -Valve Bailers: Collect samples using double check -
valve bailers if the data requirements do not necessitate a sample
from a strictly discrete interval of the water column. Bailers with
an upper and lower check -valve can be lowered through the water
column. Water will continually be displaced through the bailer
until the desired depth is reached, at which point the bailer is
retrieved. Sampling with this type of bailer must follow the same
protocols outlined above, except that a messenger weight is not
applicable. Although not designed specifically for this kind of
sampling, a bailer is acceptable when a mid -depth sample is
required
Rev 4-08 35

1. As the bailer is dropped through the water column, water is
displaced through the body of the bailer. The degree of
displacement depends upon the check -valve ball movement
to allow water to flow freely through the bailer body.
2. Slowly lower the bailer to the appropriate depth. Upon
retrieval, the two check valves seat, preventing water from
escaping or entering the bailer.
3. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.
Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach HDPE,
Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is not acceptable
for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs. Extractable organics can
be collected through the pump if flexible interior -wall Teflon,
polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump head, or if used with
an organic trap setup.
1. Measure the water column to determine the maximum
depth and the sampling depth.
2. Tubing will need to be tied to a stiff pole or be weighted
down so the tubing placement will be secure. Do not use a
lead weight. Any dense, non -contaminating, non -
interfering material will work (brick, stainless steel weight,
etc.). Tie the weight with a lanyard (braided or
monofilament nylon, etc.) so that it is located below the
inlet of the tubing.
3. Turn the pump on and allow several tubing volumes of
water to be discharged before collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.
Rev 4-08 36

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Appendix 2 — Groundwater Well Details and Logs

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Appendix 2 — Groundwater Well Details and Logs
This page intentionally left blank.

Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
Division of Environmental Management
Groundwater Section
P.O. Box 27687 - Raleigh, N.C. 27611
WELL ABANDONMENT RECORD
CONTRACTOR Geologic Exploration REG. NO. 1175
1, WELL LOCATION: (Show a sketch of the location on back of form.) For sth
Nearest Town: Winston Salem County
Friedburg Lane
(Road, Community, Subdivision, Lot No.) quadrangle No.
} 2. OWNER: City of Winston Salem Utilities Div.
3. ADDRESS: PO Box 2511 Winston Salem,NC
4. TOPOGRAPHY: draw, slope, hilltop, valley, flat
5. USE OF WELL: monitor DA"tE: 12/28/95
k 6. TOTAL DEPTH: 50.0 ft DIAMEI-ER 2 inch
7. CASING REMOVED:
Lcc.t
N/A
8. SEALING MATERIAL:
Neat cement
bags of cement —
gals. of water _
Other
Type material
diameter
N/A
Sand cep
bags of cement
yds. of sand
gals. of water
Bentonite Holeplug
Amount 8 gallons
9. EXPLAIN METHOD EMPLACEMENT OF MATERIAL.
pour/wet
WELL DIAGRAM: Draw a detailed sketch of
the well showing total depth, depth and dia-
meter of screens remaining in the well, gravel
interval, intervals of casing perforations,
and depths and types of fill materials used.
50.0
Sec.I -e Hre
7 .,
I do hereby certify that this well abandonment record is true and exact.
7
Signature of Contractor or Agent < j Date 1-4-96
WELL LOCATION: Draw a location sketch on the reverse of this sheet, showing the dlrec-
tlon and distance of the well to at least two (2) nearby reference points
such as roads, Intersections and streams. Identify roads with State High
way road Identification numbers.
Submit original to the Division of Environmental Management, one copy to the Driller,
and one copy to the owner.
Q
GW -30 Revised 5/15/89

PROJECT: WINSTON-SALEM C & D LANDFILL PROJECT NO: 00162-082-018
LOCATION: OLD SALISBURY ROAD BORING NUMBER: MW—iR
PAGE: 1 OF 2
BORING LOG
DATE: 12/27/95
NUMBER
DEPTH
SPT
T
WL
SI
DESCRIPTION (USCS)
COMMENTS
4'
REDDISH -BROWN TO TAN, FIRM SANDY CLAY
(CL), SLIGHTLY PLASTIC, RELICT GRW flC TEXTURE,
QUARTZ, FELDSPAR, BIOTITE, IRON OXIDATION, DRY
GRANITIC
SAPROLITE
SS- T
7
SS
8,
REDDISH -BROWN TO TAN, CLAYEY SAND (SC),
MEDIUM GRWNED, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR ABUNDANT,
PHANERITIC TEXTURE, DRY, BRITTLE,
SS-2
NA
SS
12'
SLIGHT PLASTICITY, WHITE MOTTLING
LIGHT BROWN TO TAN CLAYEY SANDY SILT
(ML), SOFT, DRY, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR
AABUNDANT
SS-3
16'
NA
SS
SAME AS ABOVE, SLIGHT MOISTURE IN PLACES,
SOFT, MANGANESE OXIDE STAINING
SS-4
NA
SS
2 4'
SIMILAR TO ABOVE, MOIST CLAYEY ZONES,
LARGE QUARTZ/FELDSPAR FRAGMENTS, SOFT,
SS-5
NA
SS
28,
GRANITIC TEXTTUURE
LIGHT BROWN TO TAN CLAYEY SAND (SC), SLIGHTLY
STICKY, MEDIUM TO COARSE GRAINED, IRON
OXIDES, VERY MOIST, QUARTZ/FELDSPAR RICH
SS-6
NA
SS
LIGHT BROWN TO TAN SANDY SILTY CLAY,
(CL), MOIST, SOFT, SLIGHTLY PLASTIC, LESS
RRELICT GRANITIC TEXTURE, FINER GRAINED
_1AT
= DRILLING
�24 HR
SS-7
NA
SS
-
BOREHOLE COMPLETION: 60 FT. BELOW LAND SURFACE
KEY:
V - SCREEN
WATER DEPTH: 38.77 FT. BELOW TOC DATE: 1 /3/96
SS — SPLRSPOON
SPT - sm PQ{IPA"
TEST-N NLABET
ST - SNELOY TUBE
T - TYPE
-
DRILLING METHOD: 4 1/4-INCH HOLLOW STEM AUGER
WL - WATER LEVEL
LOGGED BY: J. ISHAM
fm.

PROJECT: WINSTON-SALEM C & D LANDFILL PROJECT NO: 00162-082-018
LOCATION: OLD SALISBURY ROAD BORING NUMBER: MW-1R
PAGE: 2 OF 2
BORING LOG
DATE: 12/27/95
NUMBER
DEPTH
SPT
T
WL
SI
DESCRIPTION (USCS)
COMMENTS
SS-8
NA
SS
SAME AS ABOVE, VERY MOIST, LAST 2"
IS WHITE MOTTLED WEATHERED GRANITIC
SAPROUTE WITH VERY PREDOMINANT TEXTURE
44'
=
GRANITIC
48'
=
SAPROLITE
52'
_
56'
_
60'
TD = 60 FT.
64'
68'
72'
76'
80'
BOREHOLE COMPLETION: 60 FT. BELOW LAND SURFACE
KEY:
S - SCREEN
SS - SAUTSPOUN
WATER DEPTH: 38.77 FT. BELOW TOC DATE: 1 /3/96
SPf - S(X PEIEmTQN
TMs N NUMBER
ST - SHEI Tf TUBE
T - TYPE
DRILLING METHOD: 4 1/4-INCH HOLLOW STEM AUGER
WL - WATER LEVEL
LOGGED BY: J. ISHAM

North Carolina - Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management - Groundwater Section
P.O. Box 29535 - Raleigh, N.C. 27626.0535 QUAD, NO.
Piton@ [phone] Lat. _
Minor Basin
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD Basin Code
FOR OFFICE USE ONL1
SERIAL NO.
- Long
'MILLING CONTRACTOR: Geologic Exploration, Inc. Header Ent.
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION
DRILLER REGISTRATION NUMBER: 1175 PERMIT NUMBER:
WELL LOCATION: (Show sketch of the location below)
Nearest Town: County: _F_0rSy_th___._____..
Friedberg Lane
GW-1 Ent
(Road, Community, or Subdivision and Lot No.) DEPTH DRILLING LOG
2. OWNER City of Winston Salem Utilities Division F,on, To Formation Description
ADDRESS PO Box 2511 — _ _ __Dy0, 20.0'_-_.._--Tan sandy clay.
(Street or Route No.) 20.01 60,0 r Brown sandy clay
Winston Salem NC 27102
City or Town Stale Zip Coda - -------- —
3. DATE DRILLFD 12-27-95 U-,F OF WI:I monitor - -----
4. TOTAL DEP I11 __60_0Ol ft--
5. CUTTINGS COLL-ECTED YES j__j NOLXI
6. DOES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? YES [_j NO[X_I -- - - --- .
7. STATIC WATER LEVEL_ Below Top of Casing: 3_0 FT.
Above Top of Casing)- ---
8. TOP OF CASING IS _ 3_0 _ FT. Above Land Surface' - - - - -"--
`Casing Terminated at/or below land surface Is Illegal unless a variance Is Issued ------
In accordance with i5A NCAC 2C .0118 ._. _. ...
9. YIELD (gpm):_N/A.____. METHOD OF TEST .. N/A___—_-.
10. WATER ZONES (depth): -___N/A ..
11. CHLORINATION: Type . _ N/A Amount .__N/A It addilional space is needed use back of form
. CASING:
Depth Dianimer
From —Q-0—To-4-1`-D_ Ft. _inch
From To - - Ft. -_.
From To---.. Ft.__
13. GROUT:
Wall Thickness _ LOCATION SKETCH
or Weight/FI Material (Show direction and distance from at least two State
Sch_40_ PPV..C--- Roads, or other map reference points)
Depth
Material Method
From O_0
-_ To ..41,0
Ft.
_Portland_ Bentoni-te_Slurry _
From
-- To
14. SCREEN:
Depth
Diameter
Slot Size Material
From 45-,Q-
To _&Q 0 Ft
_.2___
in. ..010_ in.—P_LC__
From
To __-- Ft.__..
in. in.
From
To Ft.
in. ._.__. in.
15. SAND/GRAVEL
PACK:
Depth
Size Material
From 43.0
To _ 60.0
Ft.
20-40 Fine Silica Sand_
From
To-
Ft.
_
16. REMARKS:
MW-1R
Bentonite seal from 41.0 to 43.0
feet.
I DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WI III 15A NCAC 2C, WEI_I_
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS, AND THAT A COPY OF THIS RECORD HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO THE WELL. OWNER.
46-`' _____ 12-28-95
SIGNATURE OF CONTRACTOR AGENT DATE
GW-1 REV. 9191 Submit original to Division of Environmental Management and copy 10 well owner.

DEPTH'
BELOW''
GROUND
SURFACE
0
41.0 FT
43.0 FT
45.0 FT
FT
Fn n FT
MONITORING WELL
INSTALLATION DIAGRAM
3.02 FT
ANNULAR SEAL:
PORTLAND TYPE I CEMENT
BENTONITE SEAL:
3/8-INCH BENTONITE CHIPS
IMPERVIOUS ZONE
43.0 FT. THICK
PERMEABLE ZONE
17.0 FT. THICK
836.42
LOCATION: WINSTON-SALEM C&D
WELL NO.:. MVv-1R
BORING NO.:
JOB NO.: 00162-082-018
PREPARED 8Y: J. ISHAM
CHECKED BY:
DATE: 12/27/95
EL. 833.4
TOP OF GROUND
SURFACE
PROTECTIVE METAL CASING
4-INCH SQUARE SILVER
STEEL BOX WITH LOCKING
LID
RISER PIPE: SCHEDULE - 40
ID:----2„----
OD: ---------
COUPLINGS:
THREADED____
PIPE IN --
10.0__ FT,
LENGTHS
PIPE
1-8.0
FT
PIPE-------4--10.0-------
FT
SCREEN
15.0
FT
SLOT SIZE
-------
IN
TOTAL: ------- 63.0 ------ FT
THICKNESS OF
UPPER SEAL 2.0 FT
LENGTH OF SCREEN 15.0 FT
SAND 17.0 FT
J_ _ _ _ _ _ _ I BOTTOM OF BORING
i iraq REMARKS: ALL MEASUREMENTS TO THE NEAREST 0.1 FT.

pfnLOH OF aw^po- N "MMrAODADet - 0gW0waTVq mcnoh
PA. •ol 17M7-wumrLlLc. e7nt. wcteE uta 793-e0e3
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
MW-2
Groundwater Protection Inc
Cwd. No. 6*441 No
Let. Leap. ►c�
Minor begin
begin Code
Meader Ent. GW-t En1._
-1...3 CONTRACTOR STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION
LLER REGISTRATION NUMBER 1105 PERMIT NUMBER: RA
$ LL LOCATION- (Snow sketch of the IouGon below)
<aresi Town Winston-Salem, North Carolina County. Forsyth
I Friedburg Road Depth DRILLING LOG
'pa(3. Community, or Subdivision and Lot No.) From To Formation Description
;;NER Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities Coma.
0-2 Tan and Brawn Coarse To Fine
DRESS Sire t f Ro t No. - Sandy Silt
Winston-Salem, or* �aro��na 27102
{ Cfly of Town State Zip Code
LIE DRILLEEFebruary -.13;199Nj8E OF WELL MONITOR
DIAL DEPTH 16.0 CUTTINGSCOLLECTED ❑Yes ®No
ES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? ❑ Yes ®No
ii'ATIC WATER LEVEL: 14'8 FT. O above TOP OF CASING.
® below
TOP OF CASING i5 2.7 FT. ABOVE LAND SURFACE.
•ELD (QPM). NA METHOD OF TEST
LIEF. ZO::--S (CE-I* NA
1, INATION. Type NA Amount
2-7 Partially Weathered Rock
Sampled As Orange, Tan and
Brown Micaceous Goarse To
7-16 Rock, Cuttings Sampled As
White to Light Gray Very
Coarse Sand
Wall Tnk Mess It addnlona' &pact is needed use back of Iar•
^m DeDra^rete• or Wei IrFt. Malenal . G • LOCATION SKETCH
Fro,. + 2.7_ To 5.5 Fl. 2^ SCH 40 PVC (Snow 61 tciiOn and 6113nce IfOm a least 1wC Slze F:ac:
SCH 40 PVC m otn r fr a an s)
FfUm 15.0 l0 15.5 Ft. 2 o.relven
Fir, To Ft. f ��<\\' +`;_I
j
From 0
Fro+ _
_GREEN
Deor. Mate -a:
-To 3.0 FL PORTLAND
_ Tc Ft.
Dept,
Frc.r: 5.5 To 15.0 FI.
FfDm To Ft.
I From To Ft.
j ',:.AVEL PACK.
gAtindd
ELAND
Dramele! Slot Size Malarial
2" t .010 in PVC
h h.
rn. h
Depth Size Material
From 4.0 T016.0 FTFINE FILTER SAND
—
SWIT)
—
from To Ft.
„ e Bentonite Seal From 3.0 to 4.0 Feet Below Ground Surface
1 DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUC D IN ACCORDANCE WITH IS NCAC 2C. WELL CONS714XII00t
STANDARDS, AND THAT A COPY OF THIS RECORD H":jVqR TO THE WELL OWNER _
S•>'.t TtF- Of COti F..cCTO:� CA AOEW DF'i:

Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
Division of Environmental Management
Groundwater Section
P.O. Box 27687 - Raleigh, N.C. 27611
WELL ABANDONMENT RECORD
CONTRACTOR Geologic Exploration
1175
1, WELL LOCATION: (Show a sketch of the location on back of form.) For sth
Nearest Town: Winston Salem County y
Friedburg Lane
y (Road, Community, Subdivision. Lot No.) Quadrangle No.
2. OwR City of Winston Salem Utilities Div.
3. ADDRESS: PO Box 2511 Winston Salem,NC
4. TOPOGRAPHY: draw, slope, hilltop, valley, flat
monitor 12/28/95
S. USE OF WELL: ______._DAiF.:
t 6. TOTAL DEPTH: 16.0 ft DIAMETER: 2 inch
7. CASING REMOVED:
ftrA
N/A
8. SEALING MATERIAL:
Neat cement
bags of cement
gals. of water
diameter
N/A
San.__ d cement
bags of cement
yds. of sand
gals. of water
Other
Type material Bentonite Holeplug
Amount 3 gallon
9. EXPLAIN METHOD EMPLACEMENT OF MATERIAL.
Dour/wet
tVELL DIAGRAM: Draw a detailed sketch of
the well showing total depth, depth and dia-
meter of screens remaining in the well, gravel
interval, intervals of casing perforations.
and depths and types of fill materials used.
)e(�A
I do hereby certify that this well abandonment record is true and exact.
co
Signature of Contractor or Agent / Date - 1-4-96
( WELL LOCATION: Draw a location sketch on the reverse of this sheet, showing the direc-
Uon and distance of the well to at least two (2) nearby reference points
such as roads, intersections and streams. Identify roads with State High
way road identification numbers.
Submit original to the Division of Environmental Management, one copy to the Driller,
and one copy to the owner.
GW -30 Revised 5/ 15/89

PROJECT: WINSTON-SALEM C & D LANDFILL PROJECT NO: 00162-082-018
LOCATION: OLD SALISBURY ROAD BORING NUMBER: MW-2R
PAGE: 1 OF 1
BORING LOG
DATE: 12/29/95
NUMBER
DEPTH
SPT
T
WL
SI
DESCRIPTION (USCS)
COMMENTS
RED, VERY SOFT, MICACEOUS CLAY (CL)
FILL
WITH SAND, PLASTIC, VERY MOIST
MATERIAL
4'
2
SS
LIGHT BROWN TO TAN, VERY LOOSE, SLIGHTLY
SS-1
CLAYEY SAND (SC), MEDIUM TO FINE GRAINED
QUARTZ, STRUCCTURELESS, VERY MOIST,
ALLUVIAL
DEPOSITS (?)
=
ORGANIC MATTER
81
-
LIGHT GRAY TO DARK BROWN/BLACK, VERY
SS-2
50+
SS
=
=
DENSE, SILTY SAND (SMj MEDIUM TO FINE
GRAINED, HEAVY IRON AN6D MANGANESE OXIDE
12'
=
SfAIMNG, MICACEOUS, QUARTZ, FENAR, BRITTLE, DRY
GRANITIC
=
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK AND
SAPROLITE
50+
SS
SS-3
=
=
SAPROLITE (SILTY SAND), QUARTZ,
FELDSPAR, BIOTITE, BRITTLE, HARD, DRY
16'
_
-
2 0'
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK
AUGAR
REFUSAL
24'
TD = 23 FT,
28'
32'
3 6'
-�AT
= DRILLING
�24 HR
40'
_
BOREHOLE COMPLETION: 23 FT. BELOW LAND SURFACE
SI - SCREEN
SS - SPUTSPOON
WATER DEPTH: 11.41 FT. BELOW TOC DATE: 1 /3/96
SPE - SOL PE,E,RATKN+
TM-N MAW
ST - SHEUM TUBE
T - TYPE
WE - WATER LEVEL
DRILLING METHOD: 4 1/4-INCH HOLLOW STEM AUGER
LOGGED BY: J. ISHAM

DEPTH
BELOW
GROUND
SURFACE
1.0 FT
4.0 FT
6.0 FT
MONITORING WELL
INSTALLATION DIAGRAM
3.72 FT
ANNULAR SEAL:
PORTLAND TYPE I CEMENT
BENTONITE SEAL:
3/8-INCH BENTONITE CHIPS
MPERVIOUS ZONE
4.0 FT. THICK
PERMEABLE ZONE
17.0 FF. THICK
785.22
LOCATION: WINSTON-SALEM C&D
WELL NO.: MW-2R
BORING NO.:
JOB NO.: 00162-082-018
PREPARED BY: J. ISHAM
CHECKED BY:
DATE: 12/29/95
EL 781 , 50E-T.
TOP OF GROUND
SURFACE
PROTECTIVE METAL. CASING
4-INCH SQUARE BLACK
STEEL BOX WITH LOCKING
LID
RISER PIPE: SCHEDULE 40
COUPLINGS: ---
THREADED ----
PIPE IN t0.0--- FT.
LENGTHS
PIPE -------------------
FT
PIPE
1-9.0
FT
SCREEN
15_0
FT
SLOT SIZE ----2-2-T
IN
TOTAL: -------
24-.0 ------
FT
THICKNESS OF
UPPER SEAL
3.0 FT
LENGTH OF SCREEN 15.0 FT
SAND 17.0 FT
FT
BOTTOM OF BORING
REMARKS: ALL MEASUREMENTS TO THE NEAREST 0.1 FT
HDR ErK#ieevhlg, Inc.

PROJECT:
Construction C Demolition Debris Lenefw
Forsyth County
HELL LOG MSIV-3
PROJECT NO.:
1584-93-143D
ELEVATION: 807.0
NOTES
LOBBED BY: Butler
BORING DEPTH: 43.5 FEET
DATE DRILLED: 02110195
WATER LEVEL: 36J
DRILLING METHOD: 4 114" NSA
DRILL RIS B-59 ATV
J
NEL
RAM
a
a o
Description S Remarks
W
i i
=
> a
a
W
o
C,
rn
w
„
N
Residuum -firm orange brown slightly
micaceous medium to fine SANDY SILT
e.0
20
Stiff orange, white gray micaceous
coarse to fine SANDY SILT
Stiff to hard white gray coarse to fine
very SANDY SILT
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK sampled
as white gray coarse to fine very sandy
silt with small rock fragments.
PARTIALLY WEATHERED ROCK sampled
as white gray silty coarse to fine sand
Boring Terminated
10.0
14.0
21.0
787
30.0
50/2
50/4
50/4
� o
=
4
r o
uo
c
—
I
Page., I of 1
*S&ME
Environmental Services
Enolneerup • Testing
4

pi n3iOr+ W [w,wW.Errtu 4waoD.[M - pooupwAtB, efCT10r,
►.O. •ox [ ram l - R4tt30LKC. [ is I1. ROW to IS) 1 93-4043
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
NW-3
IG CONTRACTOR Groundvater Protection, Inc.
OW0. No. ienal No.
Lot. Lorq. ►c
Mirror &uM
Basin code
Header Era. GW-t Ent—
""` STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION KA
LLER REGISTRATION NUMBER 1105 PERMIT NUMBER:
ELL LOCATION (Snow sketch of the Iocobon below)
earest Town Winston-Salem North Carolina
Friedburg Road
=rod. Community. or Svbd,vislon and Lot No.)
v:NER Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities Cam,
DDRESS107 West Third
Street o,tte No. 27102
460
Winston-Salem, orth rollna
City or Town State 2tp Code
ATE DRILLED
February lQ.W iSE OF WELL MONITOR
OTAL DEPTH 43.5 CUTTINGS COLLECTED Dyes ®No
DES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? ❑ Yas ®No
7 ATIC WATER LEVEL: 36.1 FT. P above TOP OF CASING.
below
TOP OF CASING IS 3. 1 FT. ABOVE LAND SURFACE.
GELD (OWn).
NA METHOD OF TEST
RINATION
rror 46. 1
Fro'*, 41.0
Fro
Type NA Amount
Wall Thickness
Deptn D,Z^ ele- or Weighs/Fl. Mates$
To 31.5 FI 2" SCH 40 PVC
To 41.5 FI 2" SCH 40 PVC
- Ic FI
ROJT .
Decal.
Paleria: Method
from 0
T o 25.5
F L
PORTLAND TR>: MMIE
fro^
To
FI.
REEN
Dept-
Diameter Siot Size Material
r,or: 31.5
To 41.0
Ft.
2" i% .010 1, PVC
F,om
To
F1.
h In.
From
To
Ft.
in. h
6'-.AVEL PACK
County: Forsyth
Depth DRILLING LOG
From To Formation Description
0-6 Orange Brown Slightly Micaceou
Medium To Fine Sandy Silt
6-13 Orange, White Gray Micaceous
Coarse to Fine Sandy Silt
13-27 White Gray Coarse To Fine
27-32
32-43.5
ery Sandy Silt
Partially Weathered Rock As
White Gray Coarse To Fiore Very
ra en s
Partially _ially Weathered Rot As
White Gray Silty Coarse To Fin
Sand
It aoda.ona' apece is neeoec use back of Icrrr•
LOCATION SKETCH
(Snow direction and distance Irom at least Iwc Sive
or other map rely"once points)
Depth Size Maerial
From 27.5 To 43.5 FIFINF. FILTER SAND
- Svw
From To Ft.
-vAR✓S Bentonite Seal From 25.5 to 27.5 Feet Below Ground Surface
I DO HEREBY CERIlrY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONST
SIAt10AROS. AND THAT A COPY OF IRS RECORD HAS
D M CCORDANCE WITH 15 NCAC 2C. WELL CONSTRXIf0-G
SLOWM TO THE WELL OWNER
E.-..,TLFr #r CO':TF.AC1Ori O4 AGENI DA';

-ROM : Engineering Tectonics, P.A. PHONE NO. : 3367247095 Aug. 03 1999 01:57PM P2
North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
Division of Environmental Management
Groundwater Section
P.O. Box 27687 - Raleigh. N.C. 27611
WELL ABANDONMENT RECORD
- - �•,__ +4114 is conics eA I PEG. NO. 835
1. WELL LOCATION: (Show a sketch of the location on back of form.)
Nearest Town:Old Salisbury Road Landfil:�ounty Forsyth
Old Salisbury Road Winston-Salem
2.OWNER City of Winston-Salem
3. ADDRESS:
4- TOPOGRAPHY: draw. slope, hilltop valley. flat
5. USE OFvrELL monitoring DATA: 7-9-99
6. TOTAL DEPTH: 3 9.0 ' DLAMETER 2.011
7. CASING REMOVED:
&= dtaIm tSr_
8. SEALING MATERIAL:
Neat ==
bags of cement
gals. of water
Sand cement
bags of cement
yds. of sand
gals. of water
Other
Type material numnable arout
Amount 0.83 cubic feet
9. EXPLAIN METHOD EMPLACEMENT OF MATERIAL.
a grout numn
Quadrangle No.
WELL DIAGRAM: Draw a detailed sketch of
the well showing total depth. depth and dia-
meter of screens remaining in the well. gravel
interval. intervals of casing perforations.
and depths and types of fill materials used.
I do hereby certify that this well abandonment record is true and exact.
3 9, o P+.
Signature of Contractor or Agent 4::i= Date
WELL LOCATION: Draw a location sketch on the reverse of this sheet. showing the direc-
tion and distance of the well to at least two (2) nearby reference points
such as roads. Intersections and streams. Identity roads with State High
way road identification numbers.
Submit original to the Division of Environmental Management. one copy to the Driller.
and one copy to the owner.
GW -30 Revised 5/15/89

Project No: 00162-090-018
Geologist Log B-317 (MW-3R)
Project: Winston-Salem C&D Landfill
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 772.9' MSL -
Location: Old Salisbury Road Geologist: John R. ]sham, PG.
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
i
Shear Stren th
g
m
Remarks
i
>
Description
Z
0
V
n
E
a
E
I a
m
3
blows/ft
oro
-
o
o
I z
m
1 20 ao so so
3
0
I Ground Surface 0
_
RESIDUUM 773
Dark to medium brown, I
micaceous silty clayey sand, I,!j 772
2__
°-=°
slightly plastic, slightly moist,
_
organics -mixed, rooted,_ I
3
_o e °
CLAYEY SAND (SC)
--°
Orange -brown to tan, �
4
_ _,
micaceous clayey sand, fine
Portland Type
5
-
o-_,
to medium -grained, some
quartz granules, slightly
plastic, moist.
I Cement with
3% Bentonite
6
77
7
_°r---------'-----
- 766
8
--I
a
9
I
3/8-inch
Bentonite Chips
10�
�---
__
11 -"
-_-_
SANDY CLAY (CL)
2
5 i
40%
--
Gray, soft, plastic,
Old Creek
12-�i---
-
micaceous, mottled with
Deposits
7
--
orange -brown iron oxide
i
-
1 -
3
--
staining, medium to
9
i
coarse -grained quartz grains,
14-�-_-_-
very moist.
15
�
:i
�
16
-_-_-
�
3
I
8
40%
--I
17-.--
:;-
175
18
---------------- 755
19 ........I
j
Granitic
-
/
Saprolite
20 -i::
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics, PA. HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas Hole Size 8-inch Diameter
128 S. Tryon Street
Drill Method: 4.25-inch ID HSA Suite 1400 Top -of -Casing 776.6' MSL
Charlotte, NC. 28202
Drill Date: July 7, 1999 Sheet: 1 of 2

Project No: 00162-090-018
Geologist Log B-317 (MW-3R)
Project: Winston-Salem C&D Landfill
-
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 772.9' MSL
Location: Old Salisbury Road Geologist: John R. )sham, PG.
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
I Shear Strength
f0
o
Remarks
I
Description
w
a
I
I
N
j
c�
s
E,
i
o-
I E
o.
3
I o,
blows/ft
—
p
N
o
z
F
m
w
20 40 60 80al
3
21
/
.I
4
9
50%
,
22
':
.......
SILTY SAND ISM)
— ,
2-inch Diameter
23
_
:
Gray, white, and black,
—
SCH 40 PVC
micaceous, medium -dense,
i
0.010-inch Slots
fine to medium -grained,
—
24-'
1,,.....:
mottled with iron oxide
25
�:
staining, weak mineral
.;
j::::
�:::::::
alignment, very moist.
• —
26 -7:::
18
50%
27
End of Borehole
27
746
28�
�•
29
i
30
1
i
I
i
31�
32
33
34
35
36 7
37
38
39
40
i
I
i
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics, PA. HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas Hole Size 8-inch Diameter
128 S. Tryon Street
Drill Method: 4.25-inch ID HSA Suite 1400 Top -of -Casing 776.6' MSL
Drill Date: July 7. 1999 Charlotte, INC. 28202
Sheet: 2 of 2

ptnLOrE Ov JEWA"Ore.CKIAL W AOElezrt - **QAOwATEI aLCTtorr
►A. •oa a tea r - RALDOKKC. a to it. aHort III W T •7ioea
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
MW-4
Groundwater Protection, Inc.
Ouad. No.
Let. Long.
Alin teem
Basin Cone
Head*( Ent. -
aortal No.
►C _
— GW-t Ent. —
LL04G CONTRACTOR
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION NA
LLER REGISTRATION NUMBER 1105 PERMIT NUMBER:
d E LL LOCATION (Show sketch of the lou6on below)
rarest Tow'T w1IISr On—J31eID nOrE:❑ E.RrollllL
Friedburg Road
"oad. Community, or Subdivision and Lot No.)
::NER Winston-Saleas/Forsyth County ()tiltties Coon.
DDRESS
Sire al oult No. 27102
Winston—Salem, orth ro
City or Town Scala zip Coos
t ATE DRILLEOFebruary..13,1995 LIST OF WELL MONITOR
OTAL DEPTH 37-0 CUTTINGS COLLECTED ❑Yes ®No
OES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? ❑ Yes ® No
tAT1C M'ATER IE VEL. 26.1 FT. ❑ above TOP OF CASING.
® below
TOP OF CASING IS 2.6 FT. ABOVE LAND SURFACE.
ELD (00m). HA METHOD OF TEST
LIEF. ZO::-S (cE?In:. NA
` RINATION.
Type
NA
4f.1:�J
DE;tn
F ior-. 2.6
To
19.75 Ft.
34.25
34.75 Ft
Fro''
To
Fro-.
Tc
Ft.
Amount
Wall Thickness
DU"rele' or W'tigrl/Fl. Mall hid
2" SCH 40 PVC
2". SCH 40 PVC
I
Doom Male -la; Melhod
— From 0 To 15i25 Ft.PORTLAND HAND
-Fi," To —Ft
Deptr.
Frc ^ 19.75 . To 34.25 FI,
F rpm To Ft.
From To Ft.
',••.AVEL PACK,
Damtlr Slot Size Material
2" r. .010 in PVC
Ire In,
in h
County. Forsyth
Depth DRILLING LOG
From To FormationDescription
0-5 Medium To Fine Sandy Silt
5-16 Partially Weathered Rock As
Coarse to Flue Very Sandy Nil
16-37 Partially Weathered Rock As
Silty Coarse To Fine San
It aodibona' Wsce IS needec use back o1 fur.
LOCATION SKETCH
(Show direction and distance from at (East 1wc SIZ1E Fcac
Depth Size Material
From 17.75 To 37.0 FIFIHF, FILTER SAND
—SAND--
from To Ft.
''ARKS Bentonite Seal From 15.25 To 17.75 Feet Below Ground Surface
I DO HEREBY CERTIry THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED
STANDARDS. Alt! TKAT A COPY Or TMS RECORD HAS BEEN PR
CE WITH 16 NCAC 2C. WELL CONSTRUCTIOt
WELL OWNER
c.y.t 0r- Or CCY�F.ACTOR OR AGEW
DA 7.

INUI LLl �-'"
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
Division of Environmental Management
Groundwater Section
P.O. Box 27687 - Raleigh, N.C. 27611
1175
1. WELL LOCATION: (Show a sketch of the location on back of form.) r
Fo sth
Nearest Town: Winston Salem County
Friedburg Lane
(Road, Community, Subdivision, Lot No.) Quadrangle No.
y 2. OWNER City of Winston Salem Utilities Div.
3. ADDRESS: PO Box 2511 Winston Salem,NC
4. TOPOGRAPHY: draw, slope, hilltop, valley, flat
6. USE OF WELL: monitor DA.xE: 12/28/95
B. TOTAL DEPTH: 25.0 ftDIAMEi R: 2 inch
t:
7. CASING REMOVED:
$, fssl diameter
N/A N/A
8. SEALING MATERIAL:
& Neat cement Sand cement
bags of cement bags of cement
gals. of water yds. of sand
gals, of water
Other
Type material Bentonite Holeplug
Amount 4 gallons
9. EXPLAIN METHOD EMPLACEMENT OF MATERIAL.
pour/wet
WELL DIAGRAM: Draw a detailed sketch of
the well showing total depth, depth and dia-
meter of screens remaining in themell, gravel
interval, intervals of casing perforations,
and depths and types of fill materials used.
Ue�i°on ��E
Se4� ZS•o� YU�. enfiee
en-f;re, d�+h
S4/;sh✓�.
r
iJU 50
MW-4 I(I
I do hereby certify that this well abandonment record is true and exact.
Signature of Contractor or Agent Date 1-4-96
WELL LOCATION: Draw a location sketch on the reverse of this sheet, showing the direc-
tion and distance of the well to at least two (2) nearby reference points
such as roads, intersections and streams. Identify roads with State High
way road identification numbers.
Submit original to the Division of Environmental Management. one copy to the Driller,
,rid one copy to the owner.
GW -30 Revised 5/ 15/89

PROJECT: WINSTON-SALEM C & D LANDFILL PROJECT NO: 00162-082-018
LOCATION: OLD SALISBURY ROAD BORING NUMBER: MW-4R
PAGE: 1 OF 1
BORING LOG
DATE: 12/28/95
NUMBER
DEPTH
SPT
T
WL
SI
DESCRIPTION (USCS)
COMMENTS
GRAY, LOOSE, CLAYEY SAND (SC , MEDIUM
TO COARSE GRAINED, SOFT, PLASTIC, IRON
OXIDE STAINING, TRACE OF ORGANIC
=
4'
g
SS
SS-1
MATTER, WET
ALLUVIAL
=
DEPOSITS (?)
=
=
LT. TAN, MEDIUM DENSE CLAYEY SAND
(SC), WET, SOFT, MINOR IRON OXIDATION,
SS-2
12
SS
-
MEDIUM TO COARSE QUARTZ SAND
12'
-_
-
LIGHT GRAY TO WHITE, VERY DENSE
GRANITIC
SS-3
50+
SS
=
=
CLAYEY SILTY SAND (SM), MEDIUM
TO FINE GRAINED, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR,
SAPROLITE
16'
=
BIOTITE MICA, MOIST, BRITTLE, IRON OXIDATION
TD = 20 FT.
2 4'
28
32'
�AT
36'
= DRILLIN
�24 HR
40'
BOREHOLE COMPLETION: 20 FT. BELOW LAND SURFACE
Sl - SCREEN
SS - SPUTSPOON
WATER DEPTH: 10.06 FT. BELOW TOO DATE: 1/3/96
` , NUMBER
ST - SHELHY TUBE
T - TYPE
WL - WATER LEVEL
DRILLING METHOD: 4 1/4-INCH HOLLOW STEM AUGER
LOGGED BY: J. ISHAM

0
z
0
w
z
w
DEPTH
BELOW
GROUND
SURFACE
0
1.0 FT
3.0 FT
5.0 FT
MONITORING WELL
INSTALLATION DIAGRAM
2.26 FT
ANNULAR SEAL:
PORTLAND TYPE I CEMENT
BENTONITE SEAL:
3/8-INCH BENTONITE CHIPS
IMPERVIOUS ZONE
3.0 FT. THICK
PERMEABLE ZONE
17.0 FT. THICK
767.96
LOCATION: WINSTON—SALEM C&D
WELL NO.: MIA-4R
BORING NO.:
JOB NO.: 00162-082-018
PREPARED BY: J. !SHAM
CHECKED BY:
DATE: 12/28/95
EL.765.70 FT.
TOP OF GROUND
SURFACE
PROTECTIVE METAL CASING
4-INCH SQUARE BLACK
STEEL BOX WITH LOCKING
LID
RISER PIPE: SCHEDULE —_ 40__
ID: ----„---- OD: ---------
COUPLINGS: _ THREADED ----
PIPE IN 10.0--- Fl. LENGTHS
PIPE ----- --1_7.5-------- FT
PIPE ------------------- FT
SCREEN __15_0 _ FT
SLOT SIZE —__ 0_010 ------ IN
TOTAL: ------- 22.5 ------ FT
THICKNESS OF
UPPER SEAL 2.o FT
LENGTH OF SCREEN 15.0 FT
SAND 17.0 FT
FT
20.0 FT _ _ BOTTOM OF BORING
REMARKS: ALL MEASUREMENTS TO THE NEAREST 0.1 FT.

prALON O< [rMIgM.E1A a1 auh�oO.OA - p4W1pwalBe KCt101.
►A. *01 a7M7-VALOOKKC. e1411. NCK lele) 793i043 Ousel. No. $Seal No.
Let. late. ►c —
►tmm Basin
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD Basin cod.
Hasdef EM. GW-1 Ent—
NW-5
ILL„eG CONTRACTOR Groundwater Protection, Inc.
1105 STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION �
'LLER REGISTRATION NUMBER PERMIT NUMBER:
E LL LOCATION (Show [ketch OI the location below)
(arestIown Winston-Salem North Carolina County:, Forsyth
i Friedburg Road Depth DRILLING LOG
=oad. Community. or Subdivision and Lot No.) From To Fomlation Dascriplion
.::NER Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities Comm..
_ 0-10 Coarse To Fine Sandy Silt
DDRESS107
St s No.
st Third t-rppt- 460
Winston-Salem, 9ort�i1 �r arRo t o��na 27102
Gay or Town State Zw Cooa 10-25.7 Partially Weathered Rock As
T February_.11, 194E OF WELL KOHITOR Silty Coarse To Find Sand
ATE DRILLED
OTAL DEPTH 25.0 CUTTINGS COLLECTED ❑Yes ®No
OES WE LL-REPL ACE EXISTING WELL? ❑ Yes ®No
'ATIC WATER LEVEL: 14.0 FT. D above TOP OF CASING.
D below
TOP Of CASING IS 2.4 FT. ABOVE LAND SURFACE.
,ELD 191)m) METHOD OF TEST
'T[F.:O:::S (rs;n; 8A
TINATtON. Type 1QA Amount
Wap Thickness it a00n.0na' Spece is heeded use back of tort'.
Depth D'a�ete• or N'e iyhl/F1. MalerNl LOCATION SKETCH
Froe-, 2.4 TO 10.0 Fl 2" SCH 40 PVC (Show direction and C�stance from at least iwc State FcaC:
24.5 To 25.0 2" SCH 40 PVC Qr other map rele once points)
v it
Fro^ io FL '
C� F
P.pJI. ' -"�_ �. �, -T Tom•
Dept'. Atate•u: Melhod
Flom, 0 To 6.0 F I. PORTLAND HAND
Fro+ 7o Ft. ��..—✓. . _ y4�t�.
_:,RLEt: Ill/yA „�t�`'�r`�Ifhl
F rc. r: 10.0
From_,
'•.A VEL FACY..
DepR• Damele'
To 24.5 Fl. 211
_ To F1.
_ To Ft.
Slot S4! Material
5% 1010 in PVC
In, in.
in h
r..
Depth Size Material
From 8.0 To 25.0 FIFINF FILTER SAND
— SSNU
from to Ft.
%ARr.S Bentonite Seal From 6.0 to 8.0 Feet Below Ground Surface
I DO HEREBY CERTIrY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCT
S7ArOARDS. AND THAT A COPY Or IRS RECORD HAS BEEN
CE WITH 15 NCAC 2C. WELL CONSTRX110';
WELL OWNER
SI^>•.tTtFE Or Cj.TF.4C10=i Or; AGEW D/"i

. V� u♦ vCu V.0 u
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
Division of Environmental Management
Groundwater Section
P.O. Box 27687 - Raleigh, N.C. 27611
WELL ABANDONMENT RECORD
ONTRACTOR Geologic Exploration
1. WELL LOCATION: (Show a sketch of the location on back of form.)
Nearest Town: Winston Salem County Forysth
Friedburg Lane
2. OWNER: City of Winston Salem Utilities Div
3. ADDRESS: PO Box 2511 Winston Salem,NC
4. TOPOGRAPHY: draw, slope. hilltop, valley, flat
5. USE OF WELL: monitor DATE: 12/28/95
6. TOTAL DEPTH: 35.0 ftDLAME-MR 2 inch
7. CASING REMOVED:
krd diameter
N/A N/A
8. SEALING MATERIAL:
Neat cement Sand cement
bags of cement bags of cement
gals, of water yds. of sand
gals. of water
Other
Type material Bentonite Holeplug
Amount .5.5 gallons
9. EXPLAIN METHOD EMPLACEMENT OF MATERIAL.
Dour/wet
1175
Quadrangle No.
WELL DIAGRAM: Draw a detailed sketch of
the well showing total depth, depth and dia-
meter of screens remaining in the well..gravel
interval, intervals of casing perforations,
and depths and types of fill materials used.
A, J e
Seu 1 350' P vu
e�{irC C44"rC
C,
N b 150
ko4
MW-5 I II
I do hereby certify that this well abandonment record is true and exact.
m
Signature of Contractor or Agent Date 1-4-96
WELL LOCATION: Draw a location sketch on the reverse of this sheet, showing the direc-
tion and distance of the well to at least two (2) nearby reference points
such as roads. Intersections and streams. Identify roads with State High
way road Identification numbers.
Submit original to the Division of Environmental Management• one copy to the Driller,
ad one copy to the owner.
GW -30 Revised 5/ 15/89

PROJECT: WINSTON-SALEM C & D LANDFILL PROJECT NO: 00162-082-018
LOCATION: OLD SALISBURY ROAD BORING NUMBER: MW-5R
PAGE: 1 OF 1
BORING LOG
DATE: 12/29/95
NUMBER
DEPTH
SPT
T
WL
SI
DESCRIPTION (USCS)
COMMENTS
LIGHT BROWN TO REDDISH -TAN, FIRM SANDY
CLAY (CL), SLIGHTLY PLASTIC, MOIST, ABUNDANT
ALLUVIAL
IRON OXIDATION, ORGANIC MATTER, QUARTZ
DEPOSITS(?)
SS-1
4'
8
SS
AND FELDSPAR GRAINS (MEDIUM TO FINE GRAINED)
TAN TO BROWN AND WHITE, VERY DENSE
SILTY SAND (SM , GRANMC SAPROUTE, MEDIUM
SS-2
50+
SS
TO COARSE GRAI ED, FELDSPAR -RICH, ABUNDANT
QUARTZ, DRY, IRON OXIDATION BANDING, BRITTLE
GRANITIC
SAPROLITE
=
12
REDDISH -BROWN TO TAN, VERY DENSE CLAYEY
SAND (SC), MEDIUM TO COARSE GRAINED, HEAVY
SS-3
50+
SS
IRON OXIDATION, MOTTLING, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR, MOIST
16'
_
=
=
_
SAME AS ABOVE, DRY
SAME AS ABOVE, WET
SS-4
50+
SS
SS-5
24'
50+
SS
-
. 28'
TD = 30 FT.
32'
36
AT
= DRILLIN
_V_24 HR
40'
1
1
1
1_
BOREHOLE COMPLETION: 30 FT. BELOW LAND SURFACE
KEY:
S - SCREEN
ss - SPLMSP00N
WATER DEPTH: 12.39 FT. BELOW TOC DATE: 1/3/96
PENE
` TM- ON
ST - SHEL ff TUBE
T - TYPE
WL - WATER LEVEL
DRILLING METHOD: 4 1/4-INCH HOLLOW STEM AUGER
LOGGED BY: J. ISHAM

DEPTH
BELOW
GROUND
SURFACE
11.0 FT
110 FT
15.0 FT
MONITORING WELL
INSTALLATION DIAGRAM
2.06 FT
ANNULAR SEAL:
PORTLAND TYPE I CEMENT
BENTONITE SEAL:
3/8—INCH BENTONITE CHIPS
IMPERVIOUS ZONE
13.0 FT, THICK
PERMEABLE ZONE
17.0 FT. THICK
784.36
LOCATION: WINSTON-SALEM C&DI
WELL NO.: MN'-5R
BORING NO.:
JOB NO.: 00162-082-018
PREPARED BY: J. ISHAM
CHECKED BY:
DATE: 12/29/95
EL782.30 FT.
TOP OF. GROUND
SURFACE
PROTECTIVE METAL. CASING
4—INCH SQUARE BLACK
STEEL BOX WITH LOCKING
LID
RISER PIPE:
SCHEDULE
__ ao__
COUPLINGS:
THREADED____
PIPE IN __?o.o
FT.
LENGTHS
PIPE-------1_7.5--------
FT
PIPE-------1-10.0
-------
FT
SCREEN
15_0
FT
SLOT SIZE
--------
IN
TOTAL:
32.5
FT
THICKNESS OF
UPPER SEAL
2.0 FT
LENGTH OF SCREEN 15.0 FT
SAND 17 0 FT
ET I
— — — — — —
30.0 FT —� 1 BOTTOM OF BORING
�� REMARKS: ALL MEASUREMENTS TO THE NEAREST 0.1 FT.
F DR Engbeering, Inc.

PROJECT: WINSTON-SALEM C & D LANDFILL PROJECT NO: 00162-082-018
LOCATION: OLD SALISBURY ROAD BORING NUMBER: MW-6
PAGE: 1 OF 2
BORING LOG
DATE: 12/27/95
NUMBER
DEPTH
SPT
T
WL
SI
DESCRIPTION (USCS)
COMMENTS
4,
RED, MICACEOUS, FIRM CLAY (CL)
WITH MINOR SAND, PLASTIC, MOIST,
NO RELICT STRUCTURES
CLAY
SOIL
HORIZON
SS-1
9
SS
8'
LIGHT YELLOW -BROWN TO WHITE SILTY SAND (SDI),
FINE TO COARSE GRAINED, DRY, GRANITIC TEXTURE
SAME AS ABOVE, MANGANESE OXIDE STAINING,
DRY, BRITTLE, QUARTZ, BIOTITE, FELDSPAR
GRAINS, MEDIUM TO FINE GRAINED
LIGHT BROWN TO TAN, MEDIUM DENSE SILTY
SAND (SM), SOFT, DRY, MICACEOUS, IRON
OXIDE STAINING, MEDIUM TO FINE GRAINED
LIGHT BROWN TO MOTTLED WHITE, MEDIUM
DENSE SILTY SAND (SM), ABUNDANT
FELDSPAR, DRY, IRON AND MANGANESE
OXIDE STAINING, MEDIUM TO FINE GRAINED
LIGHT BROWN TO TAN, MEDIUM DENSE
SILTY SAND (SM), MICACEOUS, SOFT,
BIOTITE, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR GRAINS, DRY
SAME AS ABOVE, DRY
GRANITIC
SAPROLITE
SS-2
11
SS
12'
SS-3
1 6'
10
SS
SS-4
13
SS
24'
SS-5
15
SS
L28'
SS-6
13
SS
SS-7
12
SS
BOREHOLE COMPLETION: 60 FT. BELOW LAND SURFACE
S - SCREEN
WATER DEPTH: 49.90 FT. BELOW TOC DATE: 1 /3/96
SS - SPUTSPWN
ENEW
� MJMBMTON
ST - SNELUY TUBE
T - TYPE
DRILLING METHOD: 4 1/4-INCH HOLLOW STEM AUGER
WL - WATER LEVEL
LOGGED BY: J. ISHAM
ym•

PROJECT: WINSTON-SALEM C & D LANDFILL PROJECT NO: 00162-082-018
LOCATION: OLD SALISBURY ROAD BORING NUMBER: MW-6
PAGE: 2 OF 2
BORING LOG
DATE: 12/27/95
NUMBER
DEPTH
SPT
T
WL
SI
DESCRIPTION (USCS)
COMMENTS
SS-8
10
SS
UGHT BROWN TO TAN, LOOSE SILTY SAND (SM ,
MOIST, MEDIUM TO COARSE GRAINED, QUARTZ
BIOTITE, FELDSPAR ABUNDANT, STICKY, SOFT
44'
=
SAME AS ABOVE, .WET, SOFT
GRANITIC
SS-9
8
SS
48'
-
SAPROLITE
=
_
SAME AS ABOVE, WET, SOFT
SAME
(PHA ERITIC) TEXUE PRONOUNCED
-
SS-1 1
9
SS
764-
TD = 60 FT.
6 8'
7 2'
7 6'
AT
= DRILLING
�24 HR
80'
-
BOREHOLE COMPLETION: 60 FT. BELOW LAND SURFACE
Si - SCREEN
WATER DEPTH: 49.90 FT. BELOW TOC DATE: 1 /3/96
SS - SPLRSPOOR
S"` SOIL TO+
ST - SHElZf TUBE
T - TYPE
WL - WATER LEVEL
DRILLING METHOD: 4 1/4-INCH HOLLOW STEM AUGER
LOGGED BY: J. ISHAM
]E-]

t
North Carolina - Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Management - Groundwater Section
P.O. Box 29535 - Raleigh, N.C. 27626-0535
Phone [phone]
WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
Headei EnN?rs•.::.m- ;-�. �,•vc+.xv...:G
`ILLING CONTRACTOR: Geologic Exploration, Inc. -
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION
DRILLER REGISTRATION NUMBER: 1175 PERMIT NUMBER:
1.
WELL LOCATION: (Show sketch of the location below)
Nearest Town: Winston Salem County: E=E�
th
Friedberg Lane
(Road, Community, or Subdivision and Lot No.)
DEPTH DRILLING LOG
2.
OWNER City of Winston Salem Utilities Division
From To Formation Description
ADDRESS PO Box 2511
0.0' 35.0' brown sandy clay
tSbeet or Route No.)
35.0' 60.0' brown silty sandy
Winston Salem NC 27102
clay
City'or Town State Zip Code
------'--- --- ' "--
3.
DATE DRILLED-.12-27-95 USE OF WELL monitor
---- —
4.
TOTAL DEPTH 6n O ft
-----' -
5.
_
CUTTINGS COLLECTED YES C NOa
6.
DOES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? YES F-] NO®
7.
STATIC WATER LEVEL Below Top of Casing: -:f.()_ FT.
(Use'," it Above Top of Casing)
S.
TOP OF CASING IS 3.0 FT. Above Land Surface'
. Casing
Terminated at/or below land sudece Is Illegal unless a variance Is Issued
In
accordance with 15A NCAC 2C X118
---- ---- — -
9.
YIELD (gpm):_ WA___ METHOD OF TEST --N/A
10.
WATER ZONES (depth): N/A
CHLORINATION: Type _N/A Amount N/A
If additional space is needed use back of form
CASING:
Depth Diameter
From 0-D To 4S-0 FL 9 inch
From To Ft.
From To Ft.
13. GROUT:
Wall Thickness LOCATION SKETCH
or Weight/Ft. Material (Show direction and distance from at least two State
Srh -40 Py('_ Roads, or other map reference points)
Depth Material Method
From 0:0 To 41.0 Ft, Portland Bentonite Slurry
From To Ft.
14. SCREEN:
Depth Diameter Slot Size Material
From 45.0 To 59�9 Ft 2__- in. ,9lQ in. PVC
From To Ft. in. in.
From To Ft. in. in.
15. SAND/GRAVEL PACK:
Depth Size Material
From 43.0 To 60.0 Ft. 20-40 Fine Silica Sand
From To Ft.
16. REMARKS: MW-6 Bentonite seal from 41.0 to 43.0 feet.
I DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C, WELL
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS, AND THAT A COPY OF THIS RECORD HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO THE WELL OWNER.
14 �w _)..� — — -- -- 12-28-95
SIGNATURE OF CONTRACTOFFOR AGENT DATE
GW-1 REV. 9/91 Submit original to Division of Environmental Management and copy to well owner.

I
z
a
z
W
a
DEPTH
BELOW
GROUND
SURFACE
41.0 FT
43.0 FT
45.0 FT
MONITORING WELL
INSTALLATION DIAGRAM
2.54 FT
ANNULAR SEAL:
PORTLAND TYPE I CEMENT
BENTONITE SEAL:
3/8—INCH BENTONITE CHIPS
IMPERVIOUS ZONE
43.0 FT. THICK
PERMEABLE ZONE
17 0 FT. THICK
825.24
LOCATION: WINSTON-SALEM C&DI
WELL NO.: mw-6
BORING NO.:
JOB NO.: 00162-082-018
PREPARED BY: J. ISHAM
CHECKED BY:
DATE: 12/27/95
EL 822.70 FT.
TOP OF GROUND
SURFACE
PROTECTIVE METAL CASING
4—INCH SQUARE BLACK
STEEL BOX WITH LOCKING
LID
RISER PIPE: SCHEDULE 40
ID: 2"
OD:
COUPLINGS:
THREADED
PIPE IN --
10.0 FT.
LENGTHS
PIPE-------1_8.0--------
FT
PIPE-------4=10-0
-------
FT
SCREEN
1 5_0
FT
SLOT SIZE
— — — 0.010---
IN
TOTAL: ------_ 63_0
THICKNESS OF
UPPER SEAL 2.0 FT
LENGTH OF SCREEN 15.0 FT
SAND 17.0 FT
FT — — — - - - - j�
60.0 FT
BOTTOM OF BORING
REMARKS: ALL MEASUREMENTS TO THE NEAREST 0.1 FT.
Ila
HDR Englneerhg, Inc.
FT

-ROM Engineering Tectonics, P.R. PHONE NO. : 3367247095 Aug. 03 1999 01:57PM P3
,s
North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
Division of Environmental Management
Groundwater Section
P.O. Box 27687 - Raleigh, N.C. 27611
WELL ABANDONMENT CORD
CONTRACTOR Engineering Tectonics, PA 835
REG. NO.
1. WELL ACATION: (Show a sketch of the location on back of form.)
Nearest Town: Old Salisbury Road Landfiunty __ Fo-rsyth
Old Salisbury Road, Winston-Salem
2- OWNER City of Winston-Salem
3. ADDRESS:
4. TOPOGRAPHY: draw. slope. illtop vallry, flat
5. USE OF WELL: monitorina DATE: 7-9-99
6. TOTAL DEPTH:— 52, 0 ' DIAMETER 2 .0 "
7. CASING REMOVED:
&Qt dtame
8. SEALING MATERIAL:
Neat cmm.S.IIt
bags of cement
gals, of water
yds. of sand
gals. of water
Other
Type material pumnAhj&,-grout
Amount 1.26 cubic feet
9. EXPLAIN METHOD EMPLACEMENT OF MATERIAL.
a �jrn„r pump
Quadrangle No.
WELL DIAGRAM: Draw a detailed sketch of
the well showing total depth, depth and dia-
meter of screens remaining in the well, gravel
interval. intervals of casing perforations,
and depths and types of fill materials used.
M �./- �
I do hereby certify that this well abandonment record is true and exact.
a"
Signature of Contractor or Agent �� —� Date g" 3
wEL.L LOCATION: Draw a location sketch on the reverse of thL9 sheet, showing the direc-
tinn and distance of the well to at least two (2) nearby reference points
such as roads. intersections and streams. Identify roads with State High
way road identification numbers.
Submit originni to the Division of Environmental Management, one copy to the Driller.
and one copy to the owner.
Gw -30 Revised 5/ 15/89

Project No: 00162-090-018
Project: Winston-Salem C&D Landfill
Client: City of Winston-Salem
Location: Old Salisbury Road
Geologist Log B-6R (MW-6R)
Ground Elevation: 817.8' MSL
Geologist: John R. Isham. PG.,
fal
SUBSURFACE PROFILE SAMPLE
o Z' Shear Strength m Remarks
L a Description I s 2 i
a E a E °1 3 ° blows/ft
o o z m Q 20 ao so ao
0 I Ground Surface rl 0 i
c(]_ RESIDUUM 818
i
1 Tan to light brown sandy I
.o loam_
2 �e•;°')0 SANDY S/LT (ML)
°• Orange -brown, micaceous,
3 fine-grained quartz grains, 3.5
_--dry:..--------------- 814
4
5
6 •— _ 1 I 8 610
9
10 --- - - - Portland Type
11
— I Cement with
2 7 17590 3% Bentonite
12 o SILTY SAND ISM)
7 —_•—° Tan to yellow -brown,
13� e
micaceous, fine to
-- coarse -grained quartz grains.
I
weak mineral alignment
(horizontal), iron oxide
15—°—°. staining, mottled, dry. __
°
16y=° I 3 8 75%
17-�e—
18� --°'
_ I I
_°I I
•— I I
20
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics, PA. HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas Hole Size 8-inch Diameter
128 S. Tryon Street
Drill Method: 4.25-inch ID HSA Suite 1400 Top -of -Casing 820.4' MSL
Drill Date: July8, 1999 Charlotte, NC. 28202
Sheet 1 of 3

Project No: 00162-090-018
Geologist Log B-617 (MW-6R)
Project: Winston-Salem C&D Landfill
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 817.8' MSL
Location: Old Salisbury Road Geologist: John R. ]sham. PG.
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
i ;
Shear Strength I � Remarks
w
! =
I a,
s
Description
Lu
y
! >
o
40 w 60
o
m
o
Z
Co
2
20 80 3
SILTY SAND (SM)
!
21
-- o
Tan to yellow -brown,
4
12
80%
--
micaceous, fine to
li
o o
coarse -grained quartz grains.
!
zz
weak mineral alignment
(horizontal), iron oxide
23
23
o 0
staining, mottled dry. - _ _ _
(
j
795
24-
�oQaO
oO0
I
�Qdb
Granitic
25 In
�
'
Saprolite
26�o
eDo
b
5
15
75%
f
o
000
i
27
ob
ao
28 1,00
0�7o bl
SILTY SAND (SM)
o d5
Same as above, becoming
29-
mixed with partially
j
cdo
cQnob
weathered rock lenses, dry.
!
Portland Type
30-t
170��
--j
6
27
1
1 Cement with
31
�/7 0�
`b
(75
3% Bentonite
I
32vd�
nob
33
`b o
d'
I
a�od
noob
34
I
j
34
,.��----'-----------
SILTY SAND W GRAVEL
784
35
" .
White, to light gray and tan,
(
micacous, mottled with iron
1
36
".Y
oxide staining, fine to
7
48
85%
�,!
,.
coarse -grained quartz,
feldspar, mica, weak foliation
37-J
... ,.Yj
as mineral alignment, dry.
3839
40-•"
I
_
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics, PA. HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas Hole Size 8-inch Diameter
128 S. Tryon Street
Drill Method: 4.25-inch ID HSA Suite 1400 Top -of -Casing 820.4' MSL
Charlotte, NC. 28202
Drill Date: July 8, 1999 Sheet: 2 of 3

Project No: 00162-090-018
Geologist Log B-617 (MW-6R)
Project: Winston-Salem C&D Landfill
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 817.8' MSL -
Location: Old Salisbury Road Geologist: John R. Isham. PG.
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
!
SAMPLE
!
Shear Strength
! blows/ft
20 40 60 80
m
o
-
Remarks
s
o
!
�
Description
i
'SILTYSAND w/GRAVEL
I.
! z
3
to
0
Ir
41
.;:.
42
43-
44-'•`_.'
45
..,�..
�` '•, `
^ ..
_ .:
1 White, to light gray and tan,
micacous, mottled with iron
oxide staining, fine to
coarse -grained quartz,
feldspar, mica, weak foliation
as mineral alignment, d
8
84
7590
r
14,
I.•:.
�
.!
3/8-inch
Bentonite Chips
p
#2 Silica Sand
Pack
46
9
90
10%�-
47-
4",-:`_X�
48 _.'.
49
50I°�o
516so�
xo�b
521o(}p
53�o
p Q.
° O
{:�o'�
a
51
b
------------------
PWR
Gray, white and tan,
micacous granite saprolite
with partially weathered rock
lenses, fine to
coarse -grained.
_
48
v :
v :
.
•:
.:
i':
:;
1
•�
:o
Partially
Weathered
Rock @ 48'
Au9 @ 5lRefusal
770
51 _
767
10
90
1 %
(j
54 'p,ryry
55 �n�Iy
56�_.4d
]p�6
57�°
It1OO:;ir
59�o�i�'j
60 -3a�o�--
o Oo,q
trr
° O;
Q�
° Qi
b0o.a
PWR
As above, visual
identification based on
cuttings from air hammer
drilling from 51 to 60'.
�
60
758
11
i
I
G�
G
G I
G i
(•.-
�•::
'.'i
.
.i
'�.
•.:
y:
.
•,
•.�
•.1
�,
F 4
2-inch Diameter
SCH 40 PVC
0.010-inch Slots
_
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics, PA. HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas Hole Size 8-inch Diameter
128 S. Tryon Street
Drill Method: 4,25-inch ID HSA Suite 1400 Top -of -Casing 820.4' MSL
Charlotte. NC. 28202
Drill Date: July 8. 1999 Sheet: 3 of 3

Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
Division of Environmental Management
NELL ABANDONMENT P. O. Box 27687 Raleigh, N. C. 27611
RECORD Pz-i- 6 6R
\TRy TOR Engineering Tectonics REG. NO. 2091
�. LOCATION: (Show a sketch of the location on back: of form.)
Nearest Town: Winston-Salem CountyEorsylh
3336 Old Salisbun, Road Quadrangle No.
(Road, Community, Subdivision, Lot No.)
OWNER: City of Winston-5alcm
ADDRESS: 325 Hanes Mill Road,Winston-Salem NC.27105
TOPOGRAPHY: draw slope EEvalley flat
USE OF WELL: Monitoring Date: 8-16-04
TOTAL DEPTH: G7.0� DIAMETER?"
7, CASING REMOVED:
feet
diameter
07.0,
2"
n/a
nla
a. SEALING MATERIAL:
Neat cement
Sand cement
bags of cement17
bags of cement:
gals. of water:95
yds. of sand
gals. of water
Other:
Type Material
Amount
• EXPLAIN METHOD OF EMPLACEMENT OF MATERIAL
Proceeded to over drill using
8" flight augers to remove 2"
well pipe and trimic grout from bottom to the top.
I do hereby certify that this well
abandonment record is true and exact.
dgl 9-164A
Signature of contractor or Agent Date
WELL DIAGRAM: Draw a detailed sketch of the welt showing
total depth, depth and diameter of screens remaining in the
well, gravel interval, intervals of casing perforations, and
depths and types of fill materials used.
t
v
67.
0,i_�
submit original to the Division of Environmental Management, one copy to the Driller,
and one copy to the Owner.

PROJECT: WINSTON-SALEM C & D LANDFILL PROJECT NO: 00162-082-018
LOCATION: OLD SALISBURY ROAD BORING NUMBER: MW-7
PAGE: 1 OF 2
BORING LOG
DATE: 12/28/95
NUMBER
DEPTH
SPT
T
WL
SI
DESCRIPTION (USCS)
COMMENTS
4'
LIGHT BROWN TO TAN, DENSE, CLAYEY SILTY
SAND (Sty), MEDIUM TO HNE GRAINED, BRITTLE,
VERY DRRY, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR, BIOTITE
GRANITIC
SAPROLITE
SS-1
36
SS
12'
YELLOW -BROWN TO TAN, DENSE, CLAYEY SILTY
SAND (SDI), MEDIUM TO ANE GRAINED, MANGANESE
OXIDE STAINING, VERY DRY, BRITTLE
SS-2
34
SS
16'
LIGHT TAN TO WHITE, DENSE, SILTY SAND
AND PARTIALLY WEATHERED
RROCK FRAGMENTS, ABUNDANT FELDSPAR,
OK
BRITTLE, SLIGHT MOISTURE, QUARTZ,
BIOTITE ABUNDANT, IRON OXIDE STAINING
SAME AS ABOVE, WHITE, MEDIUM TO COARSE
GRAINED, BRITTLE, DRY
SS-3
34
SS
SS-4
24'
31
SS
LIGHT Y TO WHITE VERY DENSE, SILTY
SAND �SM, WEATHERED GRANITE, BRITTLE,
DRY, MEDIUM GRAINED, IRON OXIDE
STAINING, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR, BIOTITE
SS-5
50+
SS
32'
=
_
SAME AS ABOVE, MOIST, SOFT
�
= AT
DRILLIN
_
SS-6
50+
SS
36'
W 24 HR
40'
BOREHOLE COMPLETION: 48 FT. BELOW LAND SURFACE
KEY:
Si - SCREEN
WATER DEPTH: 35.86 FT. BELOW TOC DATE: 1 /3/96
SS — SPLRSPOON
sPT — sot PENLIRATION
$T _ TE �
T — TYPE
WL — WATER LEVEL
DRILLING METHOD: 4 1/4-INCH HOLLOW STEM AUGER
LOGGED BY: J. ISHAM
fm

PROJECT: WINSTON-SALEM C & D LANDFILL PROJECT N0: 00162-062-018
LOCATION: OLD SALISBURY ROAD BORING NUMBER: MW-7
PAGE: 2 OF 2
BORING LOG
DATE: 12/28/95
NUMBER
DEPTH
SPT
T
WL
SI
DESCRIPTION (USCS)
COMMENTS
=
GRANITIC
44'
=
SAPROLITE
HARD, SLOW. DRILLING
TD 48 FT.
52'
56'
60'
64'
68'
72'
76'
80'
BOREHOLE COMPLETION: 48 FT. BELOW LAND SURFACE
KEY:
SI - SCREEN
SS - SPUTSPOON
WATER DEPTH: 35.86 FT. BELOW TOC DATE: 1 /3/96
PENEWON
�` � ER
ST - SHE1BY TUBE
T - TYPE
VOL - WATER LEVEL
DRILLING METHOD: 4 1/4-INCH HOLLOW STEM AUGER
LOGGED BY: J. ISHAM

DEPT'
BELOW
GROUNI
SURFAC
2 8. 0 FT
31.0 FT
33.0 FT
MONITORING WELL
INSTALLATION DIAGRAM
1.56 FT
ANNULAR SEAL:
PORTLAND TYPE I CEMENT
BENTONITE SEAL:
3/8—INCH BENTONITE CHIPS
IMPERVIOUS ZONE
31.0 FT. THICK
PERMEABLE ZONE
17.0 FT. THICK
LOCATION: WINSTON-SALEM C&Dli
WELL NO.. MW-'
BORING NO.:
JOB NO.: 00162-082-01E
PREPARED BY. J. ISHAM
CHECKED BY:
DATE: 12/28/95 j
EL802.10 FT,
TOP OF GROUND
SURFACE
PROTECTIVE METAL -CASING
4—INCH SQUARE BLACK
STEEL BOX WITH LOCKING
LID
40
RISER PIPE:
SCHEDULE
------
COUPLINGS:
—THREADED__-_
PIPE IN __?o.o
FT.
LENGTHS
PIPE-------1_5.0--------
FT
PIPE-------3-10.0-------
FT
SCREEN
15_D
FT
SLOT SIZE ---
0_01D-
IN
TOTAL _ 50_0 -- FT
THICKNESS OF
UPPER SEAL 3.0 FT
LENGTH OF SCREEN 150 FT
SAND 17 D FT
FT
48.0 FT —
BOTTOM OF BORING
REMARKS: ALL MEASUREMENTS TO THE NEAREST 0.1 FT.
HDR Engineering, inc.

Project No: 00162-090-018
Geologist Log B-8 (MW-8)
Project: Winston-Salem C&D Landfill
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 759.8' MSL fal
Location: Old Salisbury Road Geologist: John R. Isham, PG.
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
i
i
m
t j 0
Description
I w
o J E
O m
�
n
p
0
Ground Surface
0
-
TOPSOIL
76C
1 �'Y'
—
Brown silty sandy loam,
1
/ 759
o —`�
rooted, or a-mc-rich.
9 --
J
2 _-° _
SANDY SILT (ML)
II
n to yellow brown.
L-Ta------
!
�•—'—°'
CLAYEY SAND (SC)
4� _ _,
Yellow -brown to tan,
-=
°
micaceous, fine to
5= e
coarse -grained quartz grains.
mottled with iron oxide
f
67 '
staining, very moist.
7y
_L
1 8
752
9 --
j
10;= —,
SANDY CLAY(CL)
11
Gray and tan, fine to very
i
---,
coarse -grained quartz grains,
12
iron oxide staining, no mica,
_ _
—__
13--I
plastic, sticky, very moist.
I
14-1
__`
--._-------
14.5
745
°
CLAYEY SAND (SC)
Tan to yellow -brown, slightly
18 _°i plastic, fine to
coarse -grained quartz grains,
no structure, very moist to
19�
o wet.
20 = -•
SAMPLE
j Shear Strength
r
E a 3 ° blows/ft !
z' cc Cc20 40 60 80
1 1 1 1 1 24 j 80%
2 111 i 12 175%
�I mm
Remarks
Portland Type
1 Cement with
3% Bentonite
A 3/8-inch
Bentonite Chips
:I F:
Old Creek
—
Deposits 8-23.5'
_
2-inch Diameter
SCH 40 PVC
-
0.010-inch Slots
— •I
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics, PA, HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas Hole Size 8-inch Diameter
128 S. Tryon Street
Drill Method: 4.25-inch ID HSA Suite 1400 Top -of -Casing 762.5' MSL
Charlotte. NC. 28202
Drill Date: July 7, 1999 Sheet: 1 of 2

Project No: 00162-090-018
Project: Winston-Salem C&D Landfill
Client: City of Winston-Salem
Location: Old Salisbury Road
Geologist Log B-8 (MW-8)
Ground Elevation: 759.8' MSL
Geologist: John R. Isham. PG.
SUBSURFACE PROFILE SAMPLE
o Shear Strength 10 Remarks
r 0 j Description I TO
o- E i i � E v' blows/ft
o rn ZH too 1 ¢ 20 40 60 80
21 ° L----------- - ------ 21 4 i 14�100%j — •�
�' • — ; 2-inch Diameter
I CLAYEY GRAVEL (GM) 739 SCH 40 PVC
22 Yellow -brown to tan, poorly ( I • ; _ 0.010-inch Slots
graded, large angular quartz
23 gravel, limonite staining, very �:;--
wet. 23.5
24 : SILTY SAND ISM) 736 I , —
" Brown, white and tan, Granitic
25 - micaceous, fine to very ' • Saprolite @ 23.5'
coarse -grained quartz grains,
-' weak horizontal mineral 5 14 90
26-1: alignment, pegmatite zone at I
�:::::::;
-i, ... base, wet 27
27
End of Borehole 733
28
29 -
J I
31
32 y i
i I
33 I y
34 71
35
36-�I
37 � i
i it
38
39
40 7
a I
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics, PA, HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas Hole Size 8-inch Diameter
128 S. Tryon Street
Drill Method: 4.25-inch ID HSA Suite 1400 Top -of -Casing 762.5' MSL
Charlotte. NC. 28202
Drill Date: July 7. 1999 Sheet: 2 of 2

Geologist Log: MW-9
Project: Old Salisbury Road Project No: 00162-15029
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 788.04
Location: Winston-Salem Geologist: C. Randazzo
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
M
o
Remarks
Description
>
(D
3
o
blows/ft
--
Q
cn
U�
Z
cL
H
m
�
20 40 60 80
-2—
Looking well
1
cover and
Ground Surface
788.0
-~-. - -~- - -
cement pad
TOPSOIL.
1
Tan, organic rich, grassed, moist
787.0
1.
2
_ .;.... _ .... __; ...._;._. _.
3
4
784.0
_..._ ....
4,
SILT
5
Red, tan, fine to medium grained sandy,
1
11
100%
'
clayey, dry
7
8
779.0
SAND
9,0
10
Tan, white, black, fine to medium grained, silty,
2
12
100%
Portland Type
sparse clay, dry
Cement
11
12
13
14
.:.
15
3
15
100%
17
19
20
4
10
1100".
.
21
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics Hole Size: 8" HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
128 S. Tryon Street
Suite 1400
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 790.28 charlotte, NC28202
Pteorie: (704)338fi700
-6760
Drill Date: 8/11/2004 Sheet: 1 of 3 Fox: ,hdrin8.com
www.hdrinc.com

Geologist Log: MW-9
Project: Old Salisbury Road Project No: 00162-15029
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 788.04
Location: Winston-Salem Geologist: C. Randazzo
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
Remarks
c
o
0
Description
°
(�
m
M
4
�
N
>
N
w
Z
�,
a
biowsiff
20 40 60 80
_
aD
0
0
F-
[]
22
23
24
25
5
12
100%
26
27
28
29
E
9.
SILT
30
Red, tan, fine to medium grained sandy,
6
17
100%
clayey, dry
31
32
33
34
1
35Z
7
31
100%
36
37
38
1
39
749.0
SAND
40
Tan, white, black, fine to medium grained, silty,
8
73
100%
sparse clay, dry
41
42
43
llfl
Bentonite Seal
44
744,0
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics Hole Size: 8" HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
128 S. Tryon Sheet
Suite 1400
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 790,28 Charlotte, NC 28202
Phone: (704)33M700
Fax: (704)338fi760
Drill Date: 8/11/2004 Sheet: 2 of 3 www.hdrinc.com

Geologist Log: MW-9
Project: Old Salisbury Road Project No: 00162-15029
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 788.04
Location: Winston-Salem Geologist: C. Randazzo
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
CU
©
Remarks
"3°
`m
c.0
E
Description
m
m
o
blows/ft
t
©
U)
w
z
a
fW
O
Ca
N
20 40 60 80
.......... ....... .......................
Same, moist
45
9
100
100%
46
4-1
48
_ .:._ ..... _..;.....
::: ::.
Sand Pack
49
50
10
84
100%
52
_, ._,, ..... ._ .._
: ; : : ; •
2-inch Diameter
SCH 40 PVC
53
0:010-inch Slot
54
................................•........
Same, wet
734.0
5 • 0
55
11
100
100%
57
58
59
60
728.0
End of Borehole
61
62
63
64
_.
65
66
67
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics Hole Size: g° HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
128 S. Tryon Street
Suite 1400
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 790.28 Charlotte, NC 28202
Phone: <704)338-6700
Fax: [phone]
Drill Date: 8/11/2004 Sheet: 3 of 3 www.hdrinc.cnc.com

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
North Carolina - Department. of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality - Groundwater Section
M
WELL CONTRACTOR (INDIVIDUAL) NAE (print `Onald Barron ---------- CERTIFICATION 112091
WELL COMI'RACTOR COMPANY NAME Engineering Tectonics PRONE #
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION PERMIT11 ASSOCIATED WQ Permit tr
(if applicable) (if applicable)
1. WELL USE (Check Applicable Box): Residential[] Municipal/Public ❑ Industrial ❑ Agricultural
Monitoring A Recovery ❑ Heat Pump water Injection ❑ other ❑ If other, list use: MW-9
2. WELL LOCATION:
Topo raphic/ Land setting
Nearest Town: Winston-Salem CountyEorsyth
®Ridge LJslope ❑ valley ❑ Flat
3336 Old Salisbury Road
(check appropriate box)
(Street Name, Numbers, Community, Subdivision, Lot No., Zip Code)
ittuddLongitude of well location
N/A
3. OWNERCity of Winston-Salem _
(degreeshninuteslseconds)
Address 325 Harks l ad
Latitude/Longitude source: ❑ GPS ❑Topographic map
(Street or Route No)
(check box)
Winston-Salem N.C. 27105
DEPTH DRILLING LOG
Ci o Town State Lip code
From To Formation Description
A
AReo t")de- Phone num er
sec attached log
4. DATE DRILLEDO-12-04
5, TOTAL DEPTH60.0
6. DOES WELL REPI.,ACE EXISTING WELL? YES ❑ NO
7. STATIC WATER LEVEL Below Top of Casing: FT.
if Above Top Casl�
(Use'Y' of
8, TOP OF CASING IS 3.0 FT. Above Land Surface
Top of casing terminated atlor below land surface requires a
variance in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C.0118,
9. YIELD (gpm): n/a METHOD OF TESTn/a
10. WATER ZONES (depth�Jnconfined Aquifer
LOCATION SKETCH
11. DISINFECTION: Type"/a Amount n/a
Show direction and distance in miles from at least
12. CASING: Wall Thickness,
two State Roads or County Roads. Include the road
Diameter or Weight/Ft. Material
De Diameter
numbers and common road names.
From+3.0 R2" sch.40 PVC
From--7rc Ft
From -To Ft
13. GROUT: Depth Material Method
From 0 T641.0 Ft.Pordand Tremie
From TO Ft.
Diameter Slot Size Material
M. SCRE�.5
To6(Depth
From Ft.2" in. •010 PVC
in,
From o 15. SANELPACK Ft. in. in.
Depth Size: aterial
From 43.0 To60,0 Ft #3 Sany
FromTT_9_To2^Ft'3/8� en omle
16. REMARKS
I DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C, WELL
CONSY-t[ICTIO STRDS, AND THAT A COPY OFTHIS HIS RECORD
HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO THE WELL OWNER
l ' G" -Lcn 8-12-04
SIGNATURE OF PE16ON CONSTRUCTING THE WELL DATE
Submit the original to the Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section, 1636 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, NC
27699-1636 Phone No, [phone], within 30 days.
GW-1 REV. 0712001

Geologist Log: MW-1 Q
Project: Old Salisbury Road Project No: 001 62-15029
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 735.70
Location: Winston-Salem Geologist: C. Randazzo
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
n
Remarks
a
°
(3)
1=
(D
.n
Description
is
-0
v
�'
o
blows/ft
cn
M
Z
0:
20 40 60 80
-2
Locking well
1
cover and
Ground Surface 1735.71
cement pad
TOPSOIL
0
1
Mixed with fill
73 07
Portland Type
;
Cement
2
3
4
7
..
Bentonite Seal
4.0
CLAY
5
Gray, tan, red, silty, sparse fine to medium
1
20
100%
grained sand, dry
r
7
8
9
726.7
SAND
9 °
10
Gray, white, black, fine to medium grained,
2
13
100%-,-
-
Sand Pack
silty, clayey, wet
11
12
1
;
13
14
721.7
:::
::.
2-inch Diameter
q•
SILT
SCH 40 PVC
15
Gray, white, black, fine to medium grained
3
11
100%
0.010-inch Slot
sand, clayey, wet
16
_. _. _.. .
17
19-:
20
21
714.7
21.
End of Borehole
22
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics Hole Size: $" HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
128 S. Tryon Street
Suite 1400
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 73821 Charlotte, NC 28202
Phone: [phone]
760
Drill Date: 8/10/2004 Sheet: 1 of 1 Fax: .ndri38,com
www.hdrinc.com

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
North Carolina - Department. of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality - Groundwater Section
WELL CONTRACTOR (INDIVIDUAL (Prim, -- NAME _ `Onald Barron — CERTIFICATION 42091
WELL CONTRACTOR COMPANY NAME, n �.,,,,, Inec,rin > Tectonics PHONE # ( )
�,,,,,,,
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION PEI MIT# ASSOCIATED WQ Permit t!
ifa licable (ifapplicable)
,.WELL USE Check Applicable Box): Residential El Municipal/Public ❑ Industrial ❑ Agricultural
Monitoring N Recovery ❑ Heat Pump water Injection ❑ other ❑ If other, list use: MW-10
2. WELL LOCATION:
Nearest Town: Winston-Salem County Forsyth
3336 Old Salisbury Road
(Street Name, Numbers, Community, Subdivision, Lot No., Zip Code)
3. OWNERCity of Winston-Salem
Address 325 Hanes W1 Roa
(Street or Route No)
Winston-Salem N.C. 27105
( City or Town State Zip code
Aegis Code- Phone num girl 1-04
4. DATE DRILLED
5. TOTAL DEPTH38210
6. DOES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? YES ❑ NO 19
7. STATIC WATER LEVEL Below Top of Casing: ET.
(Use"}" if"Above Top of -Cs1� a
8, TOP OF CASING IS 3.0' FT. Above Land Surface
Top of casing terminated at/or below land surface requires a
variance in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C.0118.
9. YIELD (gpm): n/a METHOD OF TESTn/a
10. WATER ZONES (depnconfined Aquifer
11. DISINFECTION: TypeD/a --
Amount n/a
12. CASING:
Wall Thickness
hh
Diameter
or WeightlFl.
Material
From+3.0 Tq.�)
Ft2"
sch,40
PVC
From To
Ft
From­----C'o
Ft
13, GROUT: Depth
Material
Method
From 0 To3.0
Ft Portland
Tremte
From TO
Ft.
14, SCREfl Depth
Diameter
Slot Size
Material
From Tot
Ft, 2" in.
.010 in. PVC
From To 15. SAN5I6AVPACK
Ft,-in,
in,
Depth
Size
Material
From 5,0 To21.0
Ft #3
Sand
From=_To�- Ft 3/8
Bentonite
16. REMARKS
Topo raphic/ Land setting
❑Ridge D9slope ❑ valley[:) Flat
(check appropriate box)
N/A1delLongitude of well location
(degreeshninutes/seconds)
Latitude/Longitude source: ❑ GPS❑Topographic map
(check box)
DEPTH DRILLING LOG
From To Formation Description
sce attached log
LOCATION SKETCH
Show direction and distance in miles from at least
two State Roads or County Roads. Include the road
numbers and common road names.
I DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT TI-118 WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C, WELL
CONMUCT1ONnSTANDAMS, AND THAT A COPY OF THIS RECORD HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO THE WELL OWNER
") t4n
8-11-04
SIGNATURE OF PERSON CONSTRUCTING THE WELL DATE
Submit the original to the Division. of Water Quality, Groundwater Section, 1636 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, NC
27699-1636 Phone No. [phone], within 30 days.
GW-1 REV. 07f2001

Geologist Log: MWA I
Project: Old Salisbury Road
Client: City of Winston-Salem
Location: Winston-Salem
Project No: 00162-15029
Ground Elevation: 730.35
Geologist. C. Randazzo
f D1
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
_Z6
Remarks
Description
'�6
>
-0
E
0)
0)
_3
>
0
blows/ft
:3
9
0
(D
X
20 40 60 80
0
Cl)
LU
Z
M
-2-:
Locking well
-1
cover and
Ground Surface
730.4
4
cement pad
TOPSOIL
0.0
1
-Tan, organic rich, grassed, moist
729A
Portland Type I
TO
Cement
2-
3
Bentonite Sea]
726.4
4.0
SAND
5Z
Gray, tan, fine to medium grained, silty, clayey,
1
9
100%
wet
7-Z
8__
9-:
721.4
9,0
Gray, white, black, fine to medium grained,
10-
silty, sparse clay, wet
2
41
100%
Sand Pack
13-:'
A
2-inch Diameter
SCH 40 PVC
15—
3
100
100%
0.01 0-inch Slots
17-
19-7
20
End of Borehole
0.0
L21
Drilled BY: Engineering Tectonics Hole Size: 8" HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
128 S. Tryon Street
Suite 1400
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 732.59 Charlotte, NC 2B202
Phone: (704)33"700
(7
Drill Date: 8/10/2004 Sheet: I of 1 Fax: www.hdrinc.04)33"760
corn

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
North Carolina - Department. of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality - Groundwater Section
WELL CONTRACTOR(INDIVIDUAL) NAME (print onald Bannon CERTIFICATION 42091
WELL CONTRACTOR COMPANY NAAC, Engineering Tectonics PHONE #
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION PERMIT# ASSOCIATED WQ Permit 0
if a licable (if applicable)
7WELL USE (Check Applicable Box): Residential El Municipal/Public ❑ Industrial ❑ Agricultural
Monitoring ® Recovery ❑ Heat Pump water Injection ❑ other ❑ If otter, list use: MW-11
2, WELL LOCATION:
Topo raphic/ Land setting
Nearest Town: Winston-Salem County Fors th
❑ Ridge Llslope ® valley ❑ Flat
3336 Old Salisbtaay Road
(check appropriate box)
(Street Name, Numbers, Community, subdivision, Lot No., Lip Code)
NIA de/Longitude of Well location
3. OWNERC1ty of Winston-Salem
(degrees/minuteslseconds)
Address 325FlanesMill Road
Latitude/Longitude source: ❑ GPS❑Topographic map
(Street or Route No)
(check box)
Winston-Salem N.C. 27105
DEPTH DRILLING LOG
Citwr Town State zip code
From To Formation Description
1V
Area
see attached log
Code• Phone numAet10-04
4, DATE DRILLED
5, TOTAL DEPTH2O.0
6. DOES WELL, REPLACE EXISTING WELL? YES ❑ NO
7. STATIC WATER LEVEL Below Top of Casing: FT.
if -Above Top Cas1�
(Use'Y' of
8. TOP OF CASING IS 3•0' FT. Above Land Surface
Top of easing terminated at/or below land surface requires a
---
variance in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C.0118.
9. YIELD (gpm): n/a METHOD OF TESTn/a
10. WATER ZONES (depth): U ncontined Aquifer
LOCATION SKETCH
11. DISINFECTION: TypeiVa _ Amount n/a
Show direction and distance in miles from at least
12, CASING: Wall Thickness .
two State Roads or Comity Roads. Include the road
De h Diameter or Weight/Ft. Material
numbers and common road names,
Fram+3.0 F 2t� sch.40 PVC
,
From To Ft
From To FL
13. GROUT: Depth Material Method
From 0 To2.0 Ft Portland Tremie
From -TO -Ft.
14, SCRffl Depth Diameter Slot Size Material
From To20,0 Ft, 2" in. -010 in. PVC
From To Ft. in, in.
15. SAND/GRAV L PACK
Depth Size
Material
From 4.0 To20.0 Ft #3 San
FromTU^To�- Ft'3/8 en orate
16. RkMARKS
I DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C, WIELL,
CON . RUCTIO T N RDS, AND THAT A COPY OF "1'I4IS RECORD
HAS BEEN PROVIDE1) TO TIIE WELT.. OWNER
( I '' lc
8-10-04
SIGNATURE OF PERSON CONSTRUCTING THE WELL DATE
Submit the original to the Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section, 1636 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, NC
27699-1636 Phone No. [phone], within 30 days.
GW- i REV. 071200 i

Geologist Log: MW-12
Project: Old Salisbury Road Project No: 00162-15029
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 736.41
Location: Winston-Salem Geologist: C. Randazzo
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
co
Remarks
o
°
`w
.a
Description
-0
�,
�
o
blowsift
0
cn
W
z
m
M
20 40 60 ao
-2
Locking well
1
coverand
cement pad
Ground Surface
736.4
TOPSOIL
0.0
1
Tan, organic rich, grassed, moist
715,4
Portland Type
Cement
2
3
4
74.04
Bentonite Seal
SILT
5
Gray, fine to medium sandy, clayed, wet
1
g
100%
6
7
9
,
10
2
16
100%
Sand Pack
11
12
.,. ...
13
14
::: ::
2-inch Diameter
SCH 40 PVC
15
3
1$
100%
0.010-inch Slot
16
720.4
16.0
End of Borehole
17
18
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics Hale Size: 8" HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
128 S. Tryon Street
Suite 1400
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 739.07 Charlotte, NC 28202
Phony;: [phone]
F4)33B-6760
Drill Date: 8/9/2004 Sheet: 1 of 1 www,ww.hdrinc.cornom

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
North Carolina - Department. of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality - Groundwater Section
WELL CONTRACTOR (INIAVIDUAL) NAME (print�onald Barron - _ CERTIr ]CATION �;2091
WELL CONTRACTOR COMPANY NAME Engineering Tectonics PHONE 9 L )
STATE W[;LL CONSTRUCTION PERMIT11 _ ASSOCIATED WQ Permit 4
(if applicable) (if applicable)
1. WELL USE Check Applicable Box): Residential El Municipal/Public ❑ Industrial ❑ ,Agricultural
Monitoring 5 IRaovery ❑ Heat Pump water Injection ❑ other ❑ If other, list use: NM-12
2. WELL LOCATION:
Topo raphic/ Land setting
Nearest Towti: Winston-Salem copntyForsyth
❑Ridge dope N valley 0 Fiat
3336 Old Salisbury
(check appropriate box)
_Road
(Street Name, Numbers, Community, Subdivision, Lot No., Zip Code)
Latitude/Longitude of Well location
NIA
3. OWNERCity of Winston-Salem
(degrees/minuteslseconds)
Address 325 Hanes Mill Road
Latitude/Longitude source: ❑ GPS❑Topographic trap
(Street or Route No)
(check boa)
Winston-Salem N.C. 27105
DEPTH DRILLING LOG
Ci or Town State Zip code
From To Formation Description
( ) N/A
see attached log,
Atea Code -Phone number10-04
4. DATE DRILLED
5, TOTAL DEPTH38209
6. DOES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? YES ❑ NO
7. STATIC WATER LEVEL Below To of sing: FT.
(Use "+" ifFst Above Top
of
8, TOP OF CASING IS 3.0' FT. Above Land Surface
Top of casing terminated at/or below land surface requires a
variance in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C.0119-
9. YIELD (gprn): Wa METHOD OF TESTn/a
10, WATER ZONES (depth): Unconfined Aquifer
LOCATION SKETCH
11. DISINFECTION: Typ n/a Amount n/a
Show direction and distance in miles from at least
12, CASING: Wall Thickness
two State Roads or County Roads. Include the road
De Diameter or WetghtlFt. Material
numbers and common road names.
From+3.0 Ta0 7 Ft2 sch40 PVC
_
From To Ft
Fromr`---"'ro Ft, �T
13. GROUT: Depth Material Method
From 0 T62.0 Ft Portland Trernic
From TO Ft. _
14. SCRL�1 11 Depth Diameter Slot Size Material
To 1
From Ft.2" in. .010 in_ PVC
From To Ft.in. Ill.
15. SAND RA L PACK
Depth Size Material
15'7
From 4.0 To Ft #3 Sad
FromTM—ToE. =Ft entoru e
16. REMARKS
1 DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C, WE, I,I,
CON RilCTIO iSS, AND THAT A COPY OF THIS RFCORD
HAS BEEN PROVIDED TOHE. WELL OWNER
'7�ND
/1- G tiZ2 Zi
8-10-04
SIGNATURE OF PERSON CONSTRUCTING TEE WELL DATE
Submit the original to the Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section, 1636 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, NC
27699-1636 Phone No. [phone], within 30 days.
GW-I REV. 0712001

Geologist Log: MW-13
Project: Old Salisbury Road Project No: 00162-15029
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 749.19
Location: Winston-Salem Geologist: C. Randazzo
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
Remarks
a
o
�-
Description
m
0)
o
blows/ft
_
m
❑
>,
U)
2
W
5
Z
�
I—
2
m
M
20 40 60 80
-2
Locking well
1
cover and
Ground Surface
749.2
- . _ " ._ _ _.
cement pad
TOPSOIL
0.
1
Tan, organic rich, grassed, moist
746.21.0
Portland Type
Cement
2
3
Bentonite Seat
4
745.2,
4.o
SAND
5
Tan, fine to medium grained, clayey, silty, dry
1
12
100%
7
2.
9
i
10
2
12
100%
-
Sand Pack
#1
12
13
14
735.2
:::
:::
2-inch Diameter
SILT
14.0
::
SCH 40 PVC
15
Tan, fine to medium grained sandy, clayey,
3
8
100%
::
0.010-inch Slat
moist
17
18
19
20
729.2
4
8
100%
0.6
End 0€ Borehole
21
...... .. 'J
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics Hole Size: 8" HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
y 9 9 128 S. Tryon Street
Suite 1400
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 751.23 Charlotte, NC 28202
Phone: [phone]
6760
Drill Date: 8/9/2004 Sheet: 1 of 1 Fax: (70dr1nc.c0M
www.hcirfnc.com

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
North Carolina - Department. of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality - Groundwater Section
awld Barron CERTIFICATION 82091
WEI.I, CONTRACTOR (rN1]IVr1]IJA{..) NAtvtl?. (print.
WELL CONTRACTOR COMPANY NA IE Engineering Tectonics PHONE 0 (_ )
STATE WELL CONSTRUCTION PERMIT4 ASSOCIATED WQ Permit 4
if applicable) (if applicable)
7WELL USE Check Applicable Box): Residential El Municipal/Public ❑ Industrial ❑ Agricultural
Monitoring o Recovery ❑ Heat Pump water Injection ❑
other ❑ If other, list use: MW-13
2, WELL LOCATION:
Topographic/ Land setting
Nearest Town: Winston-Salem CountyForsyth
❑ Ridge Elslope ®'valley ❑ Fiat
3336 Old Salisbury Road
(check appropriate box)
(Street Name, Numbers, Community, Subdivision, Lot No., Zip Code)
Latitnde/L.ongitude of well location
NIA
3. OWNER CitY of Winston-Salem
(degreeshninuteslseconds)
Address 325 Hanes Mill RoadLatitude/Longitude
source: ❑ GPS❑Topographic map
(Street or Route No)
(check box)
Winston-Salem N.C. 27105
DEPTH DRILLING LOG
ci o,T'own State Zip code
From To Formation Description
( ) 11A
Arrc-a-Code- Phone numberl()-04
"
see attached log
4. DATE DRILLED
5. TOTAL DEPTH2O.0
6. DOES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? YES ❑ NO IR
7. STATIC WATER LEVEL Below Top of Casing: FT.
"+" if Above Top -Castng7
(Use of
8. TOP OF CASING IS 3.0' FT. Above Land Surface
Top of casing terminated atlor below land surface requires a
variance in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C.0118.
9. YIELD (gpm): n/a METHOD OF TESTn/a
10, WATER ZONES (depth): U ncontined AgWfez
LOCATION SKETCH
11. DISINFECTION: Typen/a Amount n/a
Show direction and distance in miles from at least
12. CASING: Wall Thickness
two State Roads or County Roads. Include the road
Dth Diameter or Wei$htlFt. Material
numbers and common road names.
From+-3.0 To - Ft2" sch.40 PVC
From To Ft
From-----'T'o Ft__
13. GROUT: DZit h Material Method
From 0 T.0 Ft Portland Tremie
From-1-0-Ft.
14, SCREK; Depth Diameter Slot Size Material
From To20,0 Ft.2" in. .010 i11. PVC
From To Ft. in. in,
15, SAND R 'VL PACK
Depth SizeIalerial
From 4,0 To20.0 Ft ##3 San
From—ToT(T�Ft�/8 en oru e
16. REMARKS
I DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS WELI, WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C, WE1111
CO TR1JC1C I ANq�'1S, ANDTHAT A COPY OF THIS RECORD
'1
HAS BEEN PROVt11F:D TO T"HL WE,LL OWNER
L'LP"1/i
8-10-04
SIGNATURE OF PERSON CONSTRUCTING THE WEL1, DATE
Submit the original to the Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section, 1636 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, NC
27699-1636 Phone No. [phone], within 30 days.
GW-1 REV, 0712041

Geologist Log: MW-14
Project: Old Salisbury Road Project No: 00162-15029
fill
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 781.44
Location: Winston-Salem Geologist: C. Randazzo
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
co
o
Remarks
Description
M
m
.n
-0
(D
o
Mows/ft
20 40 Bo 80
©
cn
Lu
Z
i,-
m
cc
-2
Looking well
1
cover and
Ground Surface
781.4
cement pad
TOPSOIL
0.0
1
Tan, organic rich, grassed, moist
7$0.4
1.0
3
777.4
TO
SILT
5
Red, tan, fine to medium grained sandy,
1
18
100%
clayey, dry
7
9
772.4
;
9.0
Same minus medium grained sand
107
2
7
100%
Portland Type I
Cement
11
12
r ........
13
14
15
3
8
100%
17
19
20
4
11
100%
_...
211
L
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics Holy Size: 8" HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
128 S. Tryon Street
Suite MW
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 783.88 Charlotte, NC 28202
Phone: [phone]
Fax:
Drill Date: 8/11/2004 Sheet: 1 of 3 (70www.hdrinc.com.rincom

Geologist Log: MW-14
Project: Old Salisbury Road Project No: 00162-15029
Client: City of Winston-Salem Ground Elevation: 781.44
Location: Winston-Salem Geologist: C. Randazzo
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
'6
0
Remarks
75
Description
0
0)
-0
(D
>
.0
E
>1
Q)
1
E
Z :3
W
0
M
0
0
it 0
blows/ft
20 40 60 810
(D
0
U)
1�
22
23
24
25—
6
16
100%
26-Z
27-:
28—
Z
-
29—
'�a' r�v 1p'�j�m­ed' medium _g_ra'ihe*d"s*a'n'd -----
752.4;:
1
29.0
30
6
16
100%
32-:
33—
34
747.41
SAND
3
4.0
35
Black, white, fine to medium grained, silty,
7
19
100%
clayey, dry
36
38
39-
40
a
29
100%
41-
42-!:
j43
Bentonite Seal
44
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics Hole Size: 8" HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas128 3, TNon Street
Suite 1400
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 783.88 Charlotte, NC 28202
Phone: [phone]
Fax: (704)33M760
Drill Date: 8/11/2004 Sheet: 2 of 3 www.hdrinc.com

Geologist Log: MW-14
Project: Old Salisbury Road
Client: City of Winston-Salem
Location: Winston-Salem
Project No: 00162-15029
Ground Elevation: 781.44
Geologist: C. Randazzo
SUBSURFACE PROFILE
SAMPLE
Shear Strength
o
Remarks
o
°
m
1
y
-0
Description
�'
o
blowslft
wm
�
20 as so 60
45Z
9
60
100%
46
47
48
3
_..... _.._ ..
:::
Sand Pack
49
732.4
49.
Same, moist
50
10
56
100%
51
52
- . .....__ .....�._. _..:::
2-inch Diameter
SCH 40 PVC
53
0.010-inch Slot
54
........
727.4
5.
Same, wet
55
11
100
t00%
5s
57
58
"
59
60
721.4
End of Borehole
'
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
Drilled By: Engineering Tectonics Hole Size: 8" HDR Engineering, Inc. of the Carolinas
128 S. Tryon Street
Suite 1400
Drill Method: HSA Top of Casing: 783.88 Charlotte, NC 28202
Phone: (704)33"700
Fax: (704)33"760
Drill Date: 8/11/2004 Sheet: 3 of 3 www.hdrinc.corn

WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
North Carolina - Department. of Environment and Natural Resources - Division of Water Quality - Groundwater Section
W>;,LL. CONTRACTOR (INDIVIDUAL) NAME (grin
onald Barron CERTIFICATION 82091
WELL CONTRACTOR COMPANY NAME Egincering Tectonics PHONE 4 [ }
STATE WLLL CONSTRUCTION PERMITtl ASSOCIATEI) WQ Permit #
if applicable) (it applicable)
1. WELL USE (Check Applicable Box): Residential[] Municipal/Public ❑ Industrial ❑ Agricultural
Monitoring ® Recovery ❑ Heat Pump water Injection ❑ other ❑ If other, list use: MW-.14
2. WELL LOCATION:
Topo raphic/ Land setting
Nearest Town: Winston-Salem Count Forsyth
y
®Ridge Ostope ❑ valley © Flat
3336 Old Salisbury Road
(check appropriate box)
(Street Name, Numbers, Community, Subdivision, Lot No., Zip Code)
Latitude/Longitude of well location
3. OWNERCity of Winston-Salem
- (degreeshninutes/seconds)
Address 325 Hanes Mitl RoadLatitude/Longitude
source: ❑ GPS []Topographic snap
(Street or Route No)
(check box)
Winston-Salem N.C. 27105
DEPTH DRILLING LOG
Cit o Town State Zip code
IA
From To Formation Description
see attached log
Arc"'. —rode -Phone numb" 12-04
4. DATE DRILLED
5, TOTAL DEPTH 0.0
- --
6. DOES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? YES ❑ NO
7. STATIC WATER LEVEL Below To of Casing: FT.
"+"
{Use ifpAbove Top of -Cas ng
8. TOP OF CASING IS 3.0' FT. Above Land Surface
Top of casing terminated at/or below land surface requires a
variance in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C.0118.
9. YIELD (gpm): n/a METHOD OF TESTII/a
10. WATER ZONES (depthj;IJnconfined A uifer
�.
LOCATION SKETCH
11. DISINFECTION: Typen/a _ Amount nla
Show direction and distance in miles from at least
12. CASING: Wall Thickness.
two State Roads or County Roads. Include the road
D%�Diameter or Weight/Ft. Material
numbers and common road names.
From+3.0 .0 Ft211 - sch.40 PVC
From` ----To Ft
From o Ft -
13. GROUT: Depth Material Method
From 0 T641.0 vt Portland Trentie
From TD Ft.
fNameter Slot Size Material
14. SCR7�
ro6(Depth
From Ft, 2 in. .010 in. PVC
From To. I Ft. ip in.
15. SAN�CiRAVLL PACK
Depth Size Material
From 43.0 To60.0 Ft #3 Sand
Fromm —To�_Ft— en orate
16. REMARKS
I DO IIEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS WELL, WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH 15A NCAC 2C, WLLL
CONST CTION A DA S, AND THAT A COPY Ol� THIS RECORD HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO THE WELL OWNER
2 C�� 2A/e-s'I
8-12-04
SIGNATURE OF PERSON CONSTRUCTING THE WELL DATE
Submit the original to the Division of Water Quality, Groundwater Section, 1636 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, NC
27699-1636 Phone No, [phone], within 30 days.
GW- l REV. 0712401

Buxton Environmental, Inc.
tronsul[ing9eryBlices
11 01 South vd., Suite 101
Boring Log MW-15
Charlotte, North Carolina 28203
Ph [phone] Fax [phone]
buxtonenv@bel lsouth. net
(Page 1 of 1)
Old Salisbury Road Landfill
Date Started: : 416112 Logged By: : Ross Klingman, P.G.
3336 Old Salisbury Road
Date Completed: : 4/6/12 Drilling Method: : HSA, Air Hammer
Winston-Salem, NC
Drilling Company: : SAEDACCO Top -of -Casing Elev.: : 802.85'
Permit No.: 34-12
Drillers Name: : Robert Miller Ground Surface Elev.: : 800.58'
NC Driller Certification:: 2675 Natural, Cut, Fill Grade:: cut
Water Levels
Sample Type
t
o
w
w
o
m
w
w
c
U
CL
n
Z
1 Hour = 39 0' bgs
V 24 Hours = 37.0' bgs
SS = Split Spoon
ST =Shelby Tube
AC = Air Cuttings
BAG =Bag Sample
Well:
TOC
MW-15
Elev.: 802.85
C over
8" Dia. Hollow -Stem Auger
in
cn
o1)
Lithologic Description
r—�
0
- 800.58
Boring
5
- 795.58
4
SS
16
moist; light gray (10YR 7/2) with light tan, light orange and black
specks; fine to medium quartz, feldspar and biotite mica sand;
cohesionless; no plasticity; Saprolite
10
790.58
25
am
ss
13
+'Hoist; light gray (1 DYR 7/2) with light tan, light orange and black
specks; fine to coarse quartz, feldspar and biotite mica sand;
cohesionless; no plasticity; Partially Weathered Rock
Grout
15
785.58
casing (2" Dia. Sch. 40 PVC)
43
ss
1a
moist; light gray (10YR 7/2) with light tan, light orange and black
specks; fine to coarse quartz, feldspar and biotite mica sand;
cohesionless; no plasticity; Partially Weathered Rock
20
- 780.58
4"
ss
4
moist; light gray (1 OYR 7/2) with light tan, light orange and black
specks; fine to coarse quartz, feldspar and biotite mica sand;
cohesionless; no plasticity; Partially Weathered Rock
25
- 775.58
5 7/8" Dia. Air Hammer Boring
Ss
4
moist; light gray (10YR 7/2) with light tan, light orange and black
specks; fine to coarse quartz, feldspar and biotite mica sand;
AC
cohesionless; no plasticity; Partially Weathered Rock (auger
refusal @ 25')
AC
fractured biotite Granite from 25.5 to 48.2' bgs
30
- 770.58
Bentonite Seal
V
AC
Saprolite/Partially Weathered Rock filled fracture (28-29' bgs)
dry fracture
AC
moist fracture
35
- 765.58
moist fracture
I
AG
-
moist fracture
40
- 760.58
—02' Silica Sand Pack
moist fracture
AC
-
Screen (15' Section of 2" Dia.
Sch. 40 PVC)
moist fracture
wet fracture
45
- 755.58
AC
Total Depth (bgs.) = 48.20'
50

ON RESIDENTIAL WELL CONSTRUCTION RECORD
North Carolina'Dcpartnient of EnVironment and Natural Resources- DivWon of Water Quality
WELL CONTRACTOR CERTIFICATION,#' 2 67 5
1. WELL CONTRACTOR:
Robert Miller
Well Contractor (individual) Name
SAEDACCO Inc
Well Contractor Company game
STREET ADDRESS 9088 Northfield Dr.
Ft. Mill S.C. 29707
City or Town Mate Zip Code
[phone]
Area code- Phone nuhibor
2. WELL INFORMATION.
SITE WELL ID *(if appliceNo)
STATE WELL PERMIT#(If applicable)
OW0,ot-OTHER PERMIT #(Iiapplic;able) Mw-15
WELL USE (Check.Appltcable BOX) Monitoring gu MunicigalfP:ublin D
IndustrialiCommercial E) AgricuRural C7 Recovery L'1 Injection O
Imgattano Olher O (list use)
DATEDRILLEC 4-6-12
TIME COMPLETEM 3 : 00 AM C-i PM i
3. WELL LOCATION:
CITY: Winston Salem COUNTY Forsyth
3336 Old Salisbury Road
(Street Name, Numbers, Communtty, SubdfiAalon, Trot No., Parcel, Yip code)
TOPOGRAPHiC f LAND SETTING:
aI Slope 0 Valley 0 Flat t3 Ridge 0 Other
(ch-kapgrdpdato b04,
LATITUDE 35.99832 M-ay be in.doumn'
minuus, :kvo)1ds or
LONGITUDE 80.26957 in aduirnaiturmat
)..atitudcl hgitude sdutce: mGPS ❑Topographic rnap
flocatlon of weg must be shown on a USGS 1W map and
attached to this farm ff nol using GP5)
4. FACILITY- Is me rariie or ihebolnees whwiW welt is €onated.
FACILITY ID tf(if applicable)
NAME OF FACILITY Old Salisbury Road Landfill
STREET ADDRESS 3336 Old Salisbury Road
Winston Salem N.C. 27127
City or Town State Zip Code
CONTACT PERSON Buxton Environmental (Ross Klingman)
MAILINGADDRESS 1101 South Blvd.
Charlotte N.C. 28203
City or Town State Zip Code
704 - 344-1450
Area code - Phone number
5. WELL DETAILS:
a. TOTAL DEPTH: 48'
b. DOES WELL REPLACE EXISTING WELL? YES M NO 10
c. WATER LEVEL Below Top of Casing: FT.
(Use "+" if Above Top of Casing)
d. TOP OF CASINGIB . 2.5 FT, Above Land Surface"
`Top of casing terminated at/or below tand surface may require
a variance in accordance with 15A NCAC 20 .0118.
e. YIELD(gpm):
METHODOF TEST
f, DISINFECTION: Type
-
AmounE
g, WATER ZONES (depth):
From . To
From
To
From TO
From
TO
From To
From.
Tn.
&. CASING:
Thickness)
Depth
Diameter
Weight Material,
From 0 To 33'
ft, 2"
sch40 pvc
F►oin T,e
Ft.
Ftrom Tc
. Ft.
7, GRUNT: Depth
Material
Method
Fran Ta29'
Ft. porLland
trimi
From To—.
Ft.
From To
Ft.
& SCREEN. Depth
Diameter
Slot Size Material
From 30 33!_TO48'
Ft:2" in.
olo in. pvc
F To
Fkin.
im
Fronn To
Ft:. in.
im
% SANDIGRAVEL PACK
Depth
Size
Material
From 31' To 48'
Ft.20/30
silica sand
From To
Ft.
Fror To
Ft.
10. DRILLING LOG
From To Formation Description
a 25, tan -si-lt
25' 48' bed rock
48'
11. REMARKS:
2' Bentonite seal from 29' to 31'
I OO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS WELL WAS CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
't5A NCAC 2C. WELL CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS, AND THAT A COPY OF THIS
MRECO OHAS BEEN PROVIDED TO THE WELL OWNER.
4-10-12
SIGNATURE OF CtlEIRTIFIED WELL CONTRACTOR DATE
Robert Miller
PRINTED NAME OF PERSON CONSTRUCTING THE WELL
Submit the original to the Division of Water Quality within 30 days. Attn: Information Mgt., Form GW-ib
1617 Mail Service Center- Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 Phone No. [phone] ext SS8. Rev. 7105

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Appendix 3 — Sample Forms
Field Data Sheet
Chain of Custody Form
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form
EDD Template

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Appendix 3 — Sample Forms
This page intentionally left blank.

GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
V,a,w -if-
FIELD DATA SHEET
Well Diameter (in.)
Multiplication Factor"
l
0.0408
1.5
0.0918
1.625
0.1080
2
0.1630
3
0.3670
4
0.6530
6
1,4680
8
2.6100
Client: f+bg Location: .Alt Project Name/#:
Name & Affiliation (Sampler(s): _ 23m� - MC-P-
Name & Affiliation (Inspector): NIA
Well Information
Well ID: Yy%,W �
Well Locked: a no
Well Diameter: y u
Construction: Steel Stainless Steel
Total Well Depth: (00
ft, Multi. Factor*: O.16 9 [ '(Radius/12)2 X 3.14 x 7.481
Static Water Level:
ft. Casing Volume: 3.9 gallons
Height of Water Col.: :Z. i (o ft. Cal. 3 Volumes: 11• -7- gallons
Purge Information
Date Purged:If /06 _J Time Start: 1 S' 3 q Finish: I iP ` o I ate: 100 Xi9w k h
Purging Method:
C p4d Total Volume P rged: gallons
Sampling Information
Date Sample Collected:11 a ra/ 13 Time Sample C d: = D a n
Sampling Equipment Used:
QFo Py% De _
Bottle Tvve
Preservation A 1 sis Required
-=I;L3r
Al 0.0 &4- G1 f &_k
7EApw.L u0&
H C.L 89-fe
l --a sor-Q
Ail Q
I-5"0 0V-11 a-96y ►.-L-
A-M- ck - S 14-b
1-irk, c4v+a �
/ 80,8862a aisi
Field Measurements/Observations
Sample Temp. (OC):
e: 6' D rbidity (ntu):_ 1 Time: 4 30
Sample pH (s.u.):
Ime: I Dis. Oxy. (mg(L): 2 . Time: 213
Specific Cond. (uS): /
Res. Cl (mg/L): Time:
ReDox (mV): aa-
ime:
Other: Time: —
Odor: b-,Je
Appearance: 0 ea ,-
General Observations: 1'i
Ir,,►,zrap � lnu % r ll Do sn
_
Weather Conditions: &7r
W I Ar b S ®�.�
Sampler Signature: X
Date: /1 0 ( / f 3
Stabilization Test
Time
Purged
pH (s.u.)
Spec. Cond.
(us)
Redox.
(mv)
Turbidity
Btu
Dissolved
Oxy. (mg1L)
Temp. (°C}
Volume had
Removed (geler}•
kPther
is
s,
r� I0
157
.2
00a�.
44 0
5,16
I A I>
13 j
31.9
t5y3
III -
(& 1
1
91.5
18•
3606
-�
S� Ala
0
d
4800
—
15�y�!Ti
1?
.}
6 & 0 0
i 5-2
s 1
0(,
a 0z
3.9
19, 7
7 go
S: ,55
10(P
2,19
217
t2,yO

This page intentionally left blank.

p
1__,PaceAnalytical
www.nacelabs.com
CHAIN -OF -CUSTODY / Analytical Request Document
The Chain -of -Custody is a LEGAL DOCUMENT. All relevant fields must be completed accurately.
'Section
Page: of
A Section B Section C
Required Client Information: Required Project Information: Invoice Information:
Company: Report To: Attention:
Address: Copy
To:
Company Name:
REGULATORY AGENCY
Address:
F_ NPDES F_ GROUND WATER r DRINKING WATER
UST RCRA OTHER
Email To: Purchase
Order No.:
Pace Quote
Reference:
Phone:
Fax: Project
Name:
Pace Project
Site Location
Manager:
STATE:
Requested Due Date/TAT: Project
Number:
Pace Profile #:
Requested
Analysis
Filtered
(YIN)
Section D Matrix Codes
y
z
Required Client Information MATRIX / CODE
COLLECTED
Preservatives
)
Drinking Water DW
c
u
zO
Water WT
O
Waste Water WW
m
COMPOSITE
COMPOSITE
t~i
Z
Product P
—
START
END/GRAB
J
Soil/Solid SL
,,
00
CO
y
}
SAMPLE ID Oil OL
v
11
0
Wipe WP
¢
Lu
Z
A
y
o
(A-Z. 0-9 / ,-) Air AR
p
w
a
-6
H
Sample IDS MUST BE UNIQUE Tissue TS
O
a
w
in
U
Other OT
U
X
Z
O
Z
w
°c
>
_
a
W
a
O
O
O
cc
2
w
LL
c
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
C
Z)
_
_
=
Z
Z
O
y
IY
Pace Project No./ Lab I.D.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
RELINQUISHED BY/
DATE
TIME
ACCEPTED BY/
DATE
TIME
SAMPLE CONDITIONS
SAMPLER NAME AND SIGNATURE
v
o ^
d
p
c
T
a
PRINT Name of SAMPLER:
H a }
d }
aoi
O @ v
E v
DATE Signed
SIGNATURE of SAMPLER:
(MM/DD/YY):
rn
N
*Important Note: By signing this form you are accepting Pace's NET 30 day payment terms and agreeing to late charges of 1.5 % per month for any invoices not paid within 30 days. F-ALL-Q-020rev.07, 15-May-2007

Instructions for completing Chain of Custody (COC)
1. Section A and B: Complete all Client information at top of sheet: company name, address, phone, fax, contact (the person to contact if there are
questions, and who will receive the final report.), e-mail address (if available), PO#, Project Name and/or Project Number as you would like to see it
appear on the report.
2. Section C: Invoice Information: Billing information is included in this section. This information should include the name and address of the person
receiving the invoice.
3. Quote Reference should be completed if a quotation was provided by Pace Analytical. The Project Manager, and Profile No. will be completed by
Pace Analytical Services.
4. Site Location: A separate COC must be filled out for each day of sample collection. Record the two letter postal code for the US state in which the
samples were collected.
5. Regulatory Agency: List the program that is guiding the work to ensure proper regulations are followed.
6. Section D: Complete a Sample Description in the "SAMPLE ID' section as you would like it to appear on the laboratory report. The following
information should also be included: the sample matrix, sample type (G (grab) or C (composite). When collecting a composite, the start time and end
time should be documented in the respective boxes. The collection time for a grab (G) sample should be entered in the boxes marked `Composite
End/Grab'), Sample temp at collection (if required by state), the total number of containers, and preservative used.
7. Mark if the sample was filtered in the field by marking Y or N in `Filtered' row by the Analysis requested.
8. Requested Analysis: List the required analysis and methods on the lines provided and place a check in the column for the samples requiring the
analysis. Additional comments should be referenced in the bottom left hand corner or include attachments for extended lists of parameters.
9. The sampler should print their name in the space provided and sign their name followed by the date of the sampling event at the bottom of the COC in
the spaces designated for `SAMPLER NAME AND SIGNATURE'.
10. When relinquishing custody of the samples to a representative of the laboratory or other organization, indicate the Item Numbers of those samples
being transferred; sign relinquished by, date and time, and include your affiliation.
*Important Note:
Standard Turnaround Time is 2 Weeks/10 business days. Results will be delivered by end of business on the date due unless other arrangements
have been made with your project manager.
Special Project Requirements such as Low Level Detection Limits or level of QC reported must be included on the chain of custody in the Additional
Comments section.

ENR USE ONLY: ❑Paper Report ❑Electronic Data - Email CD (data loaded: Yes / No Doc/Event #:
'NC DENR ' Environmental Monitoring
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Reporting Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are 'Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed NC 2L groundwater standards or NC 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off -site source, pre-existing
condition, etc.).
Attach a notification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed the reporting limits.
Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(i).
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDENR-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name
E-mail-
Phone:
NC Landfill Rule: Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # (.0500 or .1600) October 20-24, 2006)
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
Initial/Background Monitoring Detection Monitoring 1=( Assessment Monitoring Corrective Action
of data submitted: (Check all that apply)
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells ❑
Leachate monitoring data ❑
Surface water monitoring data
Methane gas monitoring data
Corrective action data (specify)
Other(specify)
Notification attached?
e No. No groundwater or surface water standards were exceeded.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding a groundwater or surface water standard is attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC 2B surface water standard or NC Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of any concentration.
❑ Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It includes the methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values and explosive methane gas limits.
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
Facility Representative Name (Print) Title (Area Code) Telephone Number
Affix NC Licensed/ Professional Engineer Seal
Signature Date
Facility Representative Address
NC PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
Revised 6/2009

This page intentionally left blank.

Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) Template, last updated May 2018
File Naming Facility Number followed by the month of sampling (e.g. Jan, Feb, Mar, etc.)
Standard 1234Dec2009 and then the year of sampling (e.g. 2009).
Column
Description
Example(s)
DATA FORMAT
A
FACILITY #
12-34
Facility permit number assigned by the State
Number assigned to each sampling location. Format=Facility permit number-
B
WELL ID #
1234-MW3A
well name.
CAS number for the parameter/analyte. If no CAS number exists or grouping
more than one analyte together (e.g. m & p-Xylene) then leave this field
C
CAS Number
74-87-3
blank, but SWS ID# must be filled in.
Number assigned to each parameter/analyte by the Solid Waste Section.
D
SWS ID #
137
This field should never be blank.
E
PARAMETER
Chloromethane
Name of Parameter/analyte.
Result of analysis as reported by the laboratory in units of Micrograms per
liter. Micrograms will be expressed as ug/L. Results will be expressed as a
F
RESULT
10
number without less than (<) or greater than (>) symbols.
Unit of measure in which the results are reported (i.e. ug/L DO NOT USE
"MU'S" for this designation.) The preferred units for concentration is ug/L,
even for metals. For other parameters such as pH and specific conductance,
G
UNITS
ug/L
there are no preferred units.
Laboratory data qualifier or "flag"; Use qualifiers as defined by CLP
standards (e.g. "U" for analyzed, but not detected above laboratory MDL, "J"
H
QUALIFIER
U
for estimated results, "B" for Lab blank contamination, etc.
METHOD
EPA8260B
Analytical method used to analyze the constituents.
Method Detection Limit (MDL) is the minimum concentration of a substance
that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte
J
MDL
0.18
concentration is greater than zero
The minimum concentration of a target analyte that can be accurately
K
MRL
1
determined by the referenced method.
Reported as single number indicating dilution performed prior to analysis;
calculated as: (wlume of sample used plus volume of dilutant) divided by
volume of sample used; if no dilution is performed, the dilution factor will be
reported as 1. WHEN A SAMPLE IS DILUTED, THE RESULT MUST
DILUTION
INCLUDE THIS DILUTION. I.E. If there a non -detect (U) is reported on a
L
FACTOR
1
diluted sample, the result must reflect the diluted non -detect limit.
The date on which the sample was collected in the field. Reported as
M
COLLECT DATE
07/23/2007
mm/dd/yyyy.
EXTRACTION
The date on which the sample was prepared/extracted for analysis. Reported
N
DATE
07/23/2007
as mm/dd/yyyy.
The date on which the sample was analyzed by the lab. Reported as
O
ANALYSIS DATE
07/23/2007
mm/dd/yyyy.
NC LABORATORY
CERTIFICATION
P
NUMBER
123
Pursuant to 15A NCAC 02H .0800
Electronic Data need to be in the following format such that they can be uploaded into the Solid Waste Section database.
Plaacc cac tha "flats Format Frnlanatinn" fah at tha hnttnm of thic haat for an av nlanatinn of aarh rnhi
NC
FACILITY
WELL ID
CAS
SWS ID
PARAMETER
RESULT
UNITS
QUALIFIER
METHOD
MDL
MRL
DILUTION
COLLECT
EXTRACTIO
ANALYSIS
LABORATORY
PERMIT
Number
FACTOR
DATE
N DATE
DATE
CERTIFICATION
NUMBER
"I2-s4 1Z64-IMVVJA / 01-3 13/ unioromemane U.IS ug/L U JVV640 bZUUb U.'16 l
12-34 1234-MW3A 325 Temperature 19.1 oc
12-34 1234-MW5 74-83-9 136 Bromomethane 35 ug/L SW8468260B 0.26 1
12-34 1234-MW5 7440-39-3 15 Barium 50 ug/L J SW8466020 0.04 10
12-34 1234-MW5 411 Total Well Depth 54.3 ft
ALL DATA SHOULD INCLUDE THE PERMIT NUMBER. If unsure, contact the operator/owner of the facility.
The unit of concentration should be ug/L for ALL constituents.
USIu/zuuH 0=42uu`J ub=/Zuuu Iz3
08/03/2009
08/03/2009 08/04/2009 08/05/2009 123
08/03/2009 08/05/2009 123
08/03/2009

This page intentionally left blank.

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill �1J�
Appendix 4 — NCDEQ Groundwater References
Appendix 4 — NCDEQ
Groundwater References
Environmental Monitoring Data Memo, Oct 2007
Addendum to October 2006 Memo, Feb 2007
Guidelines for Electronic Submittal, Memo
October 2006
Appendix I Constituent List
Appendix II Constituent List

Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities I Groundwater Monitoring Plan: Old Salisbury Road C&D Landfill ���
Appendix 4 — NCDEQ Groundwater References
This page intentionally left blank.

46PA
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
MEMORANDUM
Division of Waste Management
October 16, 2007
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
To: Solid Waste Directors, Landfill Operators, North Carolina Certified
Laboratories, and Consultants
From: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Re: Environmental Monitoring Data for North Carolina Solid Waste
Management Facilities
The purpose of this memorandum is to provide a reiteration of the use of the Solid Waste
Section Limits (SWSLs), provide new information on the Groundwater Protection
Standards, and provide a reminder of formats for environmental monitoring data
submittals.
The updated guidelines are in large part due to questions and concerns from laboratories,
consultants, and the regulated community regarding the detection of constituents in
groundwater at levels below the previous Practical Quantitation Limits (PQLs). The
North Carolina Solid Waste Section solicited feedback from the regulated community,
and, in conjunction with the regulated community, developed new limits. The primary
purpose of these changes was to improve the protection of public health and the
environment.
Data must be reported to the laboratory specific method detection limits and must be
quantifiable at or below the SWSLs. The SWSLs must be used for both groundwater and
surface water data reported to the North Carolina Solid Waste Section. The PQLs will no
longer be used.
In June 2007, we received new information regarding changes to the Groundwater
Protection Standards. If a North Carolina 2L Groundwater Standard does not exist, then
a designated Groundwater Protection Standard is used pursuant to 15A NCAC 13B
.1634. Toxicologists with the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services
calculated these new Groundwater Protection Standards. Questions regarding how the
standards were calculated can be directed to the North Carolina Department of Health
and Human Services.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone [phone] FAX [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
1
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

We have reviewed the new results from the North Carolina Department of Public Health
and have updated our webpage accordingly. The list of Groundwater Protection
Standards, North Carolina 2L Standards and SWSLs are subject to change and will be
reviewed every year or sooner if new scientific and toxicological data become available.
Please review our website periodically for any changes to the 2L NC Standards,
Groundwater Protection Standards, or SWSLs. Specific updates will be noted on our
website.
http://www.wastenotnc.org/sw/swenvmonitorin lig st.asp
In addition, the following should be included with environmental monitoring data
submittals:
1. Environmental Monitoring Data Form as a cover sheet:
http://www.wastenotnc. org/swhome/EnvMonitoring/NCEnvMonRptFonn.pdf
2. Copy of original laboratory results.
3. Table of detections and discussion of 2L exceedances.
4. Electronic files on CD or sent by email. These files should include the written report as
a Portable Document Format (PDF) file and the laboratory data as an excel file following
the format of the updated Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) template on our website:
http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro monitoring.asp
If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Donald Herndon (919-
508-8502), Ervin Lane (919-508-8520) or Jaclynne Drummond (919-508-8500).
Thank you for your continued cooperation with these matters.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 2
Phone [phone] FAX [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

North Carolina
Dexter R. Matthews, Director
MEMORANDUM
4 'A
,A_�79 0 .
NCDENR
Department of Environment and
Division of Waste Management
February 23, 2007
Natural Resources
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
To: Solid Waste Directors, Landfill Operators, North Carolina Certified Laboratories, and Consultants
From: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Re: Addendum to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid Waste Section Memorandum Regarding New
Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data.
The purpose of this addendum memorandum is to provide further clarification to the October 27, 2006, North
Carolina Solid Waste Section memo titled, "New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data."
The updated guidelines is in large part due to questions and concerns from laboratories, consultants, and the
regulated community regarding the detection of constituents in groundwater at levels below the previous
practical quantitation limits (PQLs). The North Carolina Solid Waste Section solicited feedback from the
regulated community, and, in conjunction with the regulated community, developed new limits. The primary
purpose of these changes was to improve the protection of public health and the environment. The North
Carolina Solid Waste Section is concerned about analytical data at these low levels because the earliest possible
detection of toxic or potentially carcinogenic chemicals in the environment is paramount in the North Carolina
Solid Waste Section's mission to protect human health and the environment. Low level analytical data are
critical for making the correct choices when designing site remediation strategies, alerting the public to health
threats, and protecting the environment from toxic contaminants. The revised limits were updated based on
readily available laboratory analytical methodology and current health -based groundwater protection standards.
Definitions
Many definitions relating to detection limits and quantitation limits are used in the literature and by government
agencies, and commonly accepted procedures for calculating these limits exist. Except for the Solid Waste
Section Limit and the North Carolina 2L Standards, the definitions listed below are referenced from the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The definitions are also an attempt to clarify the meaning of these
terms as used by the North Carolina Solid Waste Section.
Method Detection Limit (MDL) is the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and
reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero.
Method Reporting Limit or Method Quantitation Limit (MRL or MQL) is the minimum concentration of a
target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced method.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone [phone] FAX [phone] Internet http://wastenotnc.org
An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer— Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper

Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) is a quantitation limit that represents a practical and routinely achievable
quantitation limit with a high degree of certainty (>99.9% confidence) in the results. Per EPA Publication
Number SW-846, the PQL is the lowest concentration that can be reliably measured within specified limits of
precision and accuracy for a specific laboratory analytical method during routine laboratory operating
conditions in accordance with "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods. The
PQL appears in older NCDENR literature; however, it is no longer being used by the North Carolina Solid
Waste Section.
Solid Waste Section Limit (SWSL) is the lowest amount of analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively
determined with suitable precision and accuracy. The SWSL is the concentration below which reported
analytical results must be qualified as estimated. The SWSL is the updated version of the PQL that appears in
older North Carolina Solid Waste Section literature. The SWSL is the limit established by the laboratory survey
conducted by the North Carolina Solid Waste Section. The nomenclature of the SWRL described in the October
27, 2006, memorandum has changed to the SWSL.
North Carolina 2L Standards (2L) are water quality standards for the protection of groundwaters of North
Carolina as specified in 15A NCAC 2L .0200, Classifications and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the
Groundwaters of North Carolina.
Method Detection Limits (MDLs)
Clarification of detection limits referenced in the October 27, 2006, memorandum needed to be addressed
because of concerns raised by the regulated community. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section is now
requiring laboratories to report to the method detection limit.
Method detection limits are statistically determined values that define the concentration at which measurements
of a substance by a specific analytical protocol can be distinguished from measurements of a blank (background
noise). Method detection limits are matrix -specific and require a well defined analytical method. In the course
of routine operations, laboratories generally report the highest method detection limit for all the instruments
used for a specific method.
In many instances, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section gathers data from many sources prior to evaluating
the data or making a compliance decision. Standardization in data reporting significantly enhances the ability to
interpret and review data because the reporting formats are comparable. Reporting a method detection limit
alerts data users of the known uncertainties and limitations associated with using the data. Data users must
understand these limitations in order to minimize the risk of making poor environmental decisions. Censoring
data below unspecified or non -statistical reporting limits severely biases data sets and restricts their usefulness.
Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSLs
Due to comments from the regulated community, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section has changed the
nomenclature of the new limits referenced on Page 2 of the October 27, 2006, memorandum, from the North
Carolina Solid Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) to the Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSL). Data must be
reported to the laboratory specific method detection limits and must be quantifiable at or below the SWSL. The
SWSLs must be used for both groundwater and surface water data reported to the North Carolina Solid Waste
Section. The PQLs will no longer be used.
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The North Carolina Solid Waste Section has considered further feedback from laboratories and the regulated
community and has made some additional changes to the values of the SWSLs. These changes may be viewed
on our webpage:
http://www.wastenotnc.org/sw/swenvmonitoringlist.asp
Analytical Data Reporting Requirements
The strategy for implementing the new analytical data reporting requirements involves reporting the actual
laboratory method detection limit with all analytical laboratory results along with the following requirements:
1) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the MDL but less than the SWSL is known to be present,
but the uncertainty in the value is higher than a value reported above the SWSL. As a result, the actual
concentration is estimated. The estimated concentration is reported along with a qualifier ("J" flag) to alert data
users that the result is between the MDL and the SWSL. Any analytical data below quantifiable levels should
be examined closely to evaluate whether the analytical data should be included in any statistical analysis. A
statistician should make this determination. If an analyte is detected below the North Carolina 2L Standards,
even if it is a quantifiable concentration, compliance action may not be taken unless it is statistically significant
increase over background.
These analytical results may require additional confirmation.
2) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the SWSL is present, and the quantitated value can be
reported with a high degree of confidence. These analytes are reported without estimated qualification. The
laboratory's MDL and SWSL must be included in the analytical laboratory report. Any reported concentration
of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the North Carolina 2L Standards will be used for compliance
purposes, unless the inorganic constituent is not statistically significant). Exceedance of the North Carolina 2L
Standards or a statistically significant increase over background concentrations define when a violation has
occurred. Any reported concentration of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the SWSL that is not
above an North Carolina 2L Standard will be used as a tool to assess the integrity of the landfill system and
predict the possibility that a constituent concentration may exceed the North Carolina 2L Standards in the
future.
These analytical results may be used for compliance without further confirmation.
Failure to comply with the requirements described in the October 27, 2006, memorandum and this addendum to
the October 27, 2006, memorandum will constitute a violation of 15A NCAC 13B .0601, .0602, or .1632(b),
and the analytical data will be returned and deemed unacceptable. Submittal of unacceptable data may lead to
enforcement action.
Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) Submittal
The North Carolina Solid Waste Section would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic
submittal of the reports in addition to the analytical laboratory data. This option is intended to save resources
for both the public and private sectors.
The North Carolina Solid Waste Section will accept the entire report including narrative text, figures, tables,
and maps on CD-ROM. Please separate the figures and tables from the report when saving in order to keep the
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 3
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size of the files smaller. The CD-ROM submittal shall contain a CD-ROM case and both CD-ROM and the
case shall be labeled with the site name, site address, permit number, and the monitoring event date
(MM/DD/YYYY). The reporting files maybe submitted as a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls,. or .doc type.
Also, analytical lab data and field data should be reported in .xls files. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section
has a template for analytical lab data and field data. This template is available on our webpage:
http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp. Methane monitoring data may also be submitted
electronically in this format.
Pursuant to the October 27, 2006, memorandum, please remember to submit a Solid Waste Section
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form in addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This
form should be sealed by a geologist or engineer licensed in North Carolina if hydrogeologic or geologic
calculations, maps, or interpretations are included with the report. Otherwise, any representative that the
facility owner chooses may sign and submit the form. Also, if the concentration of methane generated by the
facility exceeds 100% of the lower explosive limits (LEL) at the property boundary or exceeds 25% of the LEL
in facility structures (excluding gas control or recovery system components), include the exceedance(s) on the
North Carolina Solid Waste Section Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form.
If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Jaclynne Drummond (919-508-8500) or Ervin
Lane (919-508-8520).
Thank you for your continued cooperation with this matter.
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646 4
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e;A
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter R. Matthews, Director Division of Waste Management Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
October 27, 2006
To: SW Director/County Manager/Consultant/Laboratory
From: NC DENR-DWM, Solid Waste Section
Re: New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data
The Solid Waste Section receives and reviews a wide variety of environmental monitoring data from permitted
solid waste management facilities, including the results from groundwater and surface water analyses, leachate
samples, methane gas readings, potentiometric measurements, and corrective action data. We are in the process
of developing a database to capture the large volume of data submitted by facilities.
To maintain the integrity of the database, it is critical that facilities, consultants, and laboratories work with the
Solid Waste Section to ensure that environmental samples are collected and analyzed properly with the resulting
data transferred to the Solid Waste Section in an accurate manner.
In order to better serve the public and to expedite our review process, the Solid Waste Section is requesting
specific formatting for environmental monitoring data submittals for all solid waste management facilities.
Effective, December 1, 2006, please submit a Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form in
addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This form will be sent in lieu of your current cover
letter to the Solid Waste Section. The Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form must be filled out
completely, signed, and stamped with a Board Certified North Carolina Geologist License Seal.
The solid waste environmental monitoring data form will include the following:
1. Contact Information
2. Facility Name
3. Facility Permit Number
4. Facility Address
5. Monitoring Event Date (MM/DD/YYYY)
6. Water Quality Status: Monitoring, Detection Monitoring, or Assessment Monitoring
7. Type of Data Submitted: Groundwater Monitoring Wells, Groundwater Potable Wells, Leachate,
Methane Gas, or Corrective Action Data
8. Notification of Exceedance of Groundwater, Surface Water, or Methane Gas (in table form)
a. Signature
10. North Carolina Geologist Seal
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Page 2 of 2
Most of these criteria are already being included or can be added with little effort. The Solid Waste
Environmental Monitoring Data Form can be downloaded from our website:
hllp://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro monitoring.asp.
The Solid Waste Section is also requesting a new format for monitoring wells, potable wells, surface water
sampling locations, and methane probes. This format is essential in the development and maintenance of the
database. The Solid Waste Section is requesting that each sampling location at all North Carolina solid waste
management facilities have its own unique identification number. We are simply asking for the permit number
to be placed directly in front of the sampling location number (example: 9901-MW1 = Permit Number 99-01
and Monitoring Well MW-1). No changes will need to be made to the well tags, etc. This unique identification
system will enable us to accurately report data not only to NCDENR, but to the public as well. We understand
that this new identification system will take some time to implement, but we feel that this will be beneficial to
everyone involved in the long term.
Additionally, effective December 1, 2006, the Practical Quantitation Limits (PQLs) established in 1994
will change. The Solid Waste Section is requiring that all solid waste management facilities use the new Solid
Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) for all groundwater analyses by a North Carolina Certified Laboratory.
Laboratories must also report any detection of a constituent even it is detected below the new SWRL (e.g., J
values where the constituent was detected above the detection limit, but below the quantitation limit).
PQLs are technology -based analytical levels that are considered achievable using the referenced analytical
method. The PQL is considered the lowest concentration of a contaminant that the lab can accurately detect and
quantify. PQLs provided consistency and available numbers that were achievable by the given analytical
method. However, PQLs are not health -based, and analytical instruments have improved over the years
resulting in lower achievable PQLs for many of the constituents. As a result, the Solid Waste Section has
established the SWRLs as the new reporting limits eliminating the use of the PQLs.
We would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic submittal of the reports. This option is
intended to save resources for both the public and private sectors. The Solid Waste Section will accept the
entire report including narrative text, figures, tables, and maps on CD-ROM. The CD-ROM submittal shall
contain a CD-ROM case and both CD-ROM and the case shall be labeled with the site name, site address,
permit number, and the monitoring event date (MM/DD/YYYY). The files maybe a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls, or .doc
type. Also, analytical lab data should be reported in an .xls file. We have a template for analytical lab data
available on the web at the address listed above.
If you have any questions or concerns, please call [phone]. Thank you for your anticipated cooperation
in this matter.

Constituents for Detection Monitoring
(40 CFR 258, Appendix I)
Common name
Antimony
ArsenicTotal
ECASRN
Barium
BerylliumTotal
Cadmium
Chromium
Total
Cobalt
(Total)
Copper
Total
Lead
(Total)
Nickel
Total
Selenium
(Total)
Silver
Total
Thallium
(Total)
Vanadium
Total
Zinc
(Total)
Acetone
67-64-1
Acrylonitrile
107-13-1
Benzene
71-43-2
Bromochloromethane
74-97-5
Bromodichloromethane
75-27-4
Bromoform; Tribromomethane
75-25-2
Carbon disulfide
75-15-0
Carbon tetrachloride
56-23-5
Chlorobenzene
108-90-7
Chloroethane; Ethyl chloride
75-00-3
Chloroform; Trichloromethane
67-66-3
Dibromochloromethane; Chlorodibromomethane
124-48-1
1,2-Dibromo-3-chlo ro ane; DBCP
96-12-8
1,2-Dibromoethane; Ethylene dibromide; EDB
106-93-4
o-Dichlorobenzene; 1,2-Dichlorobenzene
95-50-1
Dichlorobenzene; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
106-46-7
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
110-57-6
1,1-Dichloroethane; Eth lidene chloride
75-34-3
1,2-Dichloroethane; Ethl ene dichloride
107-06-2
1,1-Dichloroethylene; 1-1-Dichloroethene; Vinylidene
chloride
75-35-4
cis-1,2-Dichloroeth lene; cis-1,2-Dichloroethene
156-59-2
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene; trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
156-60-5
1,2-Dichlo ro ane; Propylene dichloride
78-87-5
cis- 1,3-Dichlo ro ene
10061-01-5
trans- l,3-Dichlo ro ene
10061-02-6
Eth lbenzene
100-41-4
2-hexanone; Methyl butyl ketone
591-78-6
Methyl bromide; Bromomethane
74-83-9
Methyl chloride; Chloromethane
74-87-3
Methylene bromide Dibromomethane
74-95-3
Methylene chloride; Dichloromethane
75-09-2
Methyl ethyl ketone; MEK; 2-Butanone
78-93-3
Methyl iodide; Iodomethane
74-88-4
4-Methyl-2-pentanone; Methyl isobutyl isobutyl
ketone
108-10-1
Styrene
100-42-5
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
630-20-6
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
79-34-5
Tetrachloroethylene; Tetracholorethene;
Perchloroeth lene
127-18-4
Toluene
108-88-3
1,1,1-Trochlorethane; Meth lhloroform
71-55-6
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
79-00-5
Trichloroeth lene; Trichlorethene
79-01-6
Trichlorofluoromethane; CFC-11
75-69-4
1,2,3-Trichloro ro ane
96-18-4
Vinyl acetate
108-05-4
Vinyl chloride
75-01-4
X lens
1330-20-7

Constituents for Assessment Monitoring
(40 CFR 258, Appendix II)
Common Name
CAS RN
Acena hthene
83-32-9
Acena hth lene
208-96-8
Acetone
67-64-1
Acetonitrile; Methyl cyanide
75-05-8
Aceto henone
98-86-2
2-Ace laminofluorene; 2-AAF
53-96-3
Acrolein
107-02-8
Acrylonitrile
107-13-1
Aldrin
309-00-2
All 1 chloride
107-05-1
4-Aminobi hen 1
92-67-1
Anthracene
120-12-7
Antimony
(Total)
Arsenic
(Total)
Barium
(Total)
Benzene
71-43-2
Benzo[a]anthracene; Benzanthracene
56-55-3
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
205-99-2
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
207-08-9
Benzo[ hi] e lene
191-24-2
Benzo[a] ene
50-32-8
Ben 1 alcohol
100-51-5
Beryllium
(Total)
al ha-BHC
319-84-6
beta-BHC
319-85-7
delta-BHC
319-86-8
gamma-BHC; Lindane
58-89-9
Bis 2-chloroethox methane
111-91-1
Bis 2-chloroeth 1 ether; Dichloroeth 1 ether
111-44-4
Bis-(2-chlor-l-methyl) ether; 2, 2-Dichloro-
diiso ro 1 ether; DCIP, See note 6
108-60-1
Bis(2-eth lhex 1phthalate
117-81-7
Bromochloromethane; Chlorobromomethane
74-97-5
Bromodichloromethane; Dibromochloromethane
75-27-4
Bromoform; Tribromomethane
75-25-2
4-Bromo hen 1 phenyl ether
101-55-3
Butyl benzylphthalate; Benz 1 butyl phthalate
85-68-7
Cadmium
(Total)
Carbon disulfide
75-15-0
Carbon tetrachloride
56-23-5
Chlordane
See NOTE 1
-Chloroaniline
106-47-8
Chlorobenzene
108-90-7
Chlorobenzilate
510-15-6
-Chloro-m-cresol; 4-Chloro-3-meth 1 henol
59-50-7

Chloroethane; Ethyl chloride
75-00-3
Chloroform; Trichloromethane
67-66-3
2-Chlorona hthalene
91-58-7
2-Chloro henol
95-57-8
4-Chloro hen 1 phenylether
7005-72-3
Chloro rene
126-99-8
Chromium
Total
Chrysene
218-01-9
Cobalt
218-01-9
Copper
Total
m-Cresol; 3-meth 1 henol
108-39-4
o-Cresol; 2-methl henol
95-48-7
-Cresol; 4-meth 1 henol
106-44-5
Cyanide
57-12-5
2,4-D; 2,4-Dichloro henox acetic acid
94-75-7
4,4-DDD
72-54-8
4,4-DDE
72-55-9
4,4-DDT
50-29-3
Diallate
2303-16-4
aDibenz a,h anthracene
53-70-3
Dibenzofiran
132-64-9
Dibromochloromethane; Chlorodibromomethane
124-48-1
1,2-Dibromo-30chloro ro ane; DBCP
96-12-8
1,2-Dibromoethane; Ethylene dibromide; EDB
106-93-4
Di-n-but 1 phthalate
84-74-2
o-Dichlorobenzene; 1,2-Dichlorobenzene
95-50-1
m-Dichlorobenzene; 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
541-73-1
-Dichlorobenzene; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
106-46-7
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine
91-94-1
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
110-57-6
Dichlorodifluoromethane; CFC 12;
75-71-8
1, 1 -Dichloroethane chloride
75-34-3
1,2-Dichloroethane; Ethylene dichloride
107-06-2
1,1-Dichloroethylene; 1,1-Dichloroethane;
Vin lidene
75-35-4
chloride
Total
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene; cis-1,2-Dichloroethene
156-59-2
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
156-60-5
2,4-Dichloro henol
120-83-2
76-Dichloro henol
87-65-0
1,2-Dichloro ro ane; Propylene dichloride
78-87-5
1,3-Dichloro ro ane; Trimeth lene dichloride
142-28-9
2,2-Dichloro ro ane; Isopropylidene chloride
594-20-7
1,1-Dichloro ro ene
563-58-6
cis- 1,3-Dichloro ro ene
10061-01-5
trans- 1,3-Dichloro ro ene
10061-02-6
Dieldrin
60-57-1
Dieth 1 phthalate
84-66-2

0,0-Diethyl 0-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate;
thionazin
297-97-2
Dimethoate
60-51-5
- Dimeth lamino azobenzene
60-11-7
7,12-Dimeth lbenxz a anthracene
57-97-6
3,3-Dimeth lbenzidine
119-93-7
2,4-Dimethl henol; m-X lenol
105-67-9
Dimeth 1 phthalate
131-11-3
m-Dinitrobenzene
99-65-0
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol4,6-Dinitro-2-meth 1 henol
534-52-1
2,4-Dinitro henol
51-28-5
74-Dinitrotoluene
121-14-2
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
606-20-2
Dinoseb; DNBP; 2-sec-But 1-4,6-dinitro henol
88-85-7
Di-n-octyl phthalate
117-84-0
Di hen lamine
122-39-4
Disulfoton
298-04-4
Endosulfan I
959-98-8
Endosulfan II
33213-65-9
Endodulfan sulfate
1031-07-8
Endrin
72-20-8
Endrin aldehyde
7421-93-4
Eth lbenzene
100-41-4
Ethyl methac late
97-63-2
Ethyl methanesulfonate
62-50-0
Fam hur
52-85-7
Fluoranthene
206-44-0
Fluorene
86-73-7
Heptachlor
76-44-8
Heptachlor epoxide
1024-57-3
Hexachlorobenzene
118-74-1
Hexachlorobutadiene
87-68-3
Hexachloroc clo entadiene
77-47-4
Hexachloroethane
67-72-1
Hexachloro ro ene
188-71-7
2-Hexanone; Methyl butyl ketone
591-78-6
Indeno11,2,3-cd rene
193-39-5
Isopbutyl alcohol
78-83-1
Isodrin
465-73-6
Iso horone
78-59-1
Isosafrole
120-58-1
Ke one
143-50-0
Lead
Total
Mercury
Total
Methac lonitrile
126-98-7
Metha rilene
91-80-5
Methox chlor
72-43-5
Methyl bromide; Bromomethane
74-83-9
Methyl chloride; Chloromethane
74-87-3
3-Meth lcholanthrene
56-49-5
Methyl ethyl ketone; MEK; 2-Butanone
78-93-3
Methyl iodide; lodomethane
74-88-4

Methyl methac late
80-62-6
Methyl methanesulfonate
66-27-3
2-Meth lna hthalene
91-57-6
Methylparathion; Parathion methyl
298-00-0
4-Meth 1-2- entanone; Methyl isobut 1 ketone
108-10-1
Meth lene bromide; Dibromomethane
74-95-3
Methylene chloride; Dichloromethane
75-09-2
Naphthalene
91-20-3
1,4-Na htho uinone
130-15-4
1-Na hth lamine
134-32-7
2-Na hth lamine
91-59-8
Nickel
Total
o-Nitroaniline; 2-Nitroaniline
88-74-4
m-Nitroaniline; 3-Nitroanile
99-09-2
-Nitroaniline; 4-Nitroaniline
100-01-6
Nitrobenzene
98-95-3
o-Nitro henol; 2-Nitrophenol
88-75-5
-Nitro henol; 4-Nitrophenol
100-02-7
N-Nitrosodi-n-but lamine
924-16-3
N-Nitrosodieth lamine
55-18-5
N-Nitrosodimeth lamine
62-75-9
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine, N-Nitroso-N-Di-n-
ro lnitrosamine
86-30-6
N-Nitrosodi ro lamine; di ro lamine;
621-64-7
N-Nitrosometh lethalamine
10595-95-6
N-Nitroso i eridine
100-75-4
N-Nitroso rrolidine
930-55-2
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
99-55-8
Parathion
56-38-2
Pentachlorobenzene
608-93-5
Pentachloronitrobenzene
82-68-8
Pentachloro henol
87-86-5
Phenacetin
62-44-2
Phenanthrene
85-01-8
Phenol
108-95-2
-Phen lenediamine
106-50-3
Phorate
298-02-2
Polychlorinated bi hen is (PCBs); Aroclors
see NOTE 2
Pronamide
23950-58-5
Pro ionitrile; Ethyl cyanide
107-12-0
P rene
129-00-0
Safrole
94-59-7
Selenium
Total
Silver
Total
Silvex; 2,4,5-TP
93-72-1
Styrene
100-42-5
Sulfide
18496-25-8
2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-Trichloro henox acetic acid
93-76-5
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
95-94-3
1, 1, 1,2-Tetrachloroethane
630-20-6
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
79-34-5

Tetrachloroethylene; Tetrachloroethene;
Perchloroeth lene
127-18-4
2,3,4,6-Tetrachloro henol
58-90-2
Thallium
Total
Tin
Total
Toluene
108-88-3
o-Toluidine
95-53-4
Toxa hene
See NOTE 3
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
120-82-1
1,1,1-Trichloroethane; Meth lchloroform
71-55-6
172-Trichloroethane
79-00-5
Trichloroeth lene; Trichloroethene
79-01-6
Trichlorrofluoromethane; CFC-11
75-69-4
214,5-Trichloro henol
95-95-4
2,4,6-Trichloro henol
88-06-2
1,2,3-Trichloro ro ane
96-18-4
0,0,0-Trieth 1 phosphorothioate
126-68-1
s m-Trinitrobenzene
99-35-4
Vanadium
Total
Vinyl acetate
108-05-4
Vinyl chloride; Chloroethene
75-01-4
X lene total
See NOTE 4
Zinc
Total
1. Chlordane: This entry includes alpha -chlordane (CAS RN 5103-71-9), beta -chlordane
(CAS RN 5103-74-2), gamma -chlordane (CAS RN 5566-34-7), and constituents of chlordane
(CAS RN 57-74-9 and CAS RN 12789-03-6)
2. Polychlorinated biphenyls (CAS RN 1336-36-3); this category contains congener chemicals, including
constituents of Aroclor-1016 (CAS RN 12674-11-2), Aroclor-1221 (CAS RN 11104-28-2),
Aroclor-1232 (CAS RN 11141-16-5), Aroclor-1242 (CAS RN 53469-21-9), Aroclor-1248
(CAS RN 12672-29-6), Aroclor-1254 (CAS RN 11097-69-1), and Aroclor-1260
(CAS RN 11096-82-5)
3. Toxaphene: This entry includes congener chemicals contained in technical toxaphene
(CAS RN 8001-35-2), ie, chlorinated camphene
4. Xylene (total): This entry includes o-xylene (CAS RN 96-47-6), m- xylene (CAS RN 108-38-3),
p-xylene (CAS RN 106-42-3), and unspecified xylenes (dimethylbenzenes) (CAS RN 1330-20-7)

FN
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