3901_OxfordMSWLF_final_PTO_Unit2_phase1_application_FID1286298_20190313

March 12, 2019

Sent Via Email – [e-mail] Mr. Jason Falls
Director of Environmental Services
Granville County P.O. Box 906
Oxford, NC 27565

Re: Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Granville County Closed Unit 1 C&D Over MSW Landfill and Active Unit 2 Subtitle D MSW Landfill
Granville County
Solid Waste Permit Numbers 3901-MSWLF-1981, 3901-CDLF-1997, and 3901-MSWLF-2012
FID 1286207

Dear Mr. Falls,
The Solid Waste Section (Section) has completed a review of the Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan dated January
2018 Revised March 2019 and received via email on March 8, 2019 (FID 1286119). The plan was submitted
on your behalf by Joyce Engineering for the Granville County closed Unit 1 C&D Over MSW Landfill and active
Unit 2 Subtitle D MSW Landfill, Solid Waste Permit Numbers 3901-MSWLF-1981, 3901-CDLF-1997, and 3901-
MSWLF-2012. This revised version of the Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan has been submitted as part of the Permit
to Operate Renewal Application.

The Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan meets the requirements in 15A NCAC 13B .1626(4) and .0544. This part of
the Permit to Operate Renewal Application is approved.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding this letter, please feel free to contact me by phone at
828.296.4706 or by email at [e-mail]. Thank you for your cooperation with this matter.
Sincerely,
Jaclynne Drummond
Hydrogeologist
Solid Waste Section, Division of Waste Management NCDEQ

cc sent via email: Adam Ulishney, Environmental Compliance Branch Head Jason Watkins, Field Operations Branch Head
Sherri Stanley, Permitting Branch Head
Drew Hammonds, Eastern District Supervisor Davy Conners, Environmental Senior Specialist
Ming Chao, Permitting Engineer
Van Burbach, Joyce Engineering
Amy Davis, Joyce Engineering

March 12, 2019

Sent Via Email – [e-mail] Mr. Jason Falls
Director of Environmental Services
Granville County P.O. Box 906
Oxford, NC 27565

Re: Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Granville County Closed Unit 1 C&D Over MSW Landfill and Active Unit 2 Subtitle D MSW Landfill
Granville County
Solid Waste Permit Numbers 3901-MSWLF-1981, 3901-CDLF-1997, and 3901-MSWLF-2012
FID 1286205

Dear Mr. Falls,
The Solid Waste Section (Section) has completed a review of the Water Quality Monitoring Plan dated January
2018 Revised March 2019 and received via email on March 8, 2019 (FID 1286115). The plan was submitted
on your behalf by Joyce Engineering for the Granville County closed Unit 1 C&D Over MSW Landfill and active
Unit 2 Subtitle D MSW Landfill, Solid Waste Permit Numbers 3901-MSWLF-1981, 3901-CDLF-1997, and 3901-
MSWLF-2012. This updated version of the Water Quality Monitoring Plan has been submitted as part of the
Permit to Operate Renewal Application.

The Water Quality Monitoring Plan meets the requirements in 15A NCAC 13B .1623(b), .1631, .1632, and .0544.
This part of the Permit to Operate Renewal Application is approved.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding this letter, please feel free to contact me by phone at
828.296.4706 or by email at [e-mail]. Thank you for your cooperation with this matter.
Sincerely,
Jaclynne Drummond
Hydrogeologist
Solid Waste Section, Division of Waste Management NCDEQ

cc sent via email: Adam Ulishney, Environmental Compliance Branch Head Jason Watkins, Field Operations Branch Head
Sherri Stanley, Permitting Branch Head
Drew Hammonds, Eastern District Supervisor Davy Conners, Environmental Senior Specialist
Ming Chao, Permitting Engineer
Van Burbach, Joyce Engineering
Amy Davis, Joyce Engineering
9731-F Southern Pine Blvd.
Charlotte, NC 28273
tel: [phone]
fax: [phone]
www.JoyceEngineering.com

February 1, 2019

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao, P.E.
NC Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699

RE: Permit to Operate Renewal Application
Oxford MSW Landfill
Granville County, North Carolina
Permit # 39-01
Project No. 2180176 Phase 02

Dear Mr. Chao:

On behalf of Granville County (Granville), Joyce Engineering, Inc. (JOYCE) is submitting
this response to your comments for the above-referenced project, dated December 21, 2017. For
your reference, your comments are repeated below in italicized print, with our responses provided
in bold print.

Facility Plan

1. Please add the landfill gas monitoring locations and surface water monitoring points for the
MSWLF - Unit 2, Phase 1 to the Facility Plan Drawing FP-01.

The landfill gas monitoring locations and surface water monitoring points have been added
to Drawing FP-01.

2. The flow direction for the leachate system at the MSWLF - Unit 2, Phase 1 shall be based on
the as-built drawing in the CQA Report (DIN 18422). Please make necessary corrections on FP-
05.

The flow direction arrows has been revised and is shown correctly on Drawing FP-05.

3. If the County plans to use the Convenience Center as a permanent collection site to receive,
collect, and store household hazardous waste (HHW), the Operations Plan must have a section to
detail the management of HHW at this area including waste acceptance and screening, handling
and managing the collected HHW at this area, temporary storage requirements, final disposal and

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao, P.E.
February 1, 2019
Page 2 of 5

treatment facilities. The on-site personnel training and contingency plans should be also included
in the Operations Plan. Additionally, the facility must obtain an Identification Number from the
Solid Waste Section by completing the attached application form which can also be downloaded
from the following web link: https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/hhw

The county does not accept Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) at the convenience center
located on the facility. Section 3.1 of the Facility Plan has been revised to remove language
indicating the collection of HHW at the facility’s convenience center.

4. (Section 4.0 of Facility Plan) Please provide the following info to this section:

i. The descriptions of the status of the on-site solar project such as the date of
construction completion, the date of initial operation, the project duration, the
operator’s contact information, the responsibilities of the County and the solar
operator etc.

A table containing the above listed information has been added to Section 4.1,
Solar Project Development, of the Facility Plan. A detailed breakdown of the
responsibilities of the County and Solar Operator is provided in the Solar
Energy leasing agreement. A copy of the leasing agreement is included in the
attachments.

ii. As-built of the solar project site such as solar panel layout, security devices,
invertors, power connections, surface drainage system, on-site infrastructures, etc.

Please find attached as-built drawings of the solar project site.

iii. According to the approved plan (DIN 25258) and the conditional approve letter
(DIN 25136) for the solar project, the County should provide the following items
in the revised Post-Closure Plan:
a. Land use of the solar project site after the project is decommissioned.

Once the solar project is decommissioned, the site will be returned to
its pre-development use. This information has also been included in
Section 2.7 of the Closure/Post Closure Plan and Section 4.1 of the
Facility Plan.

b. Descriptions of the approaches to dispose of wastes associated with the
solar project and of the responsible party (s) to determine and conduct the
project decommission.

From the Cornwall Waste Disposal Plan dated October 14, 2015,
included in the attachments, there will be no waste generated by the
operation of the solar facility.

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao, P.E.
February 1, 2019
Page 3 of 5

c. Revised post-closure cost estimates including the costs of decommissioning
the solar project

Attached is the revised post-closure cost estimate including the cost of
decommissioning the solar project.

5. Drawing FP-06 must show the current fill grades of the MSWLF – Unit 2, Phase 1.

The current fiill grades, as of June 12, 2009, are shown on FP-06 in the first window: “UNIT
2 PHASE 1-CURRENT CONDITIONS”

Operations Plan

6. The ADC-Tarp info placed in Appendix 3 should be referenced in this section. Additionally, per
NCGS 130A-295.6(h1), the landfill can use an ADC that have previously been approved to use at
any sanitary landfill in the State of North Carolina. If the County intends to apply any ADC in the
approved list, please add a paragraph to this section. The approved ADC and the application
method can be found in the web link:
http://edocs.deq.nc.gov/WasteManagement/0/edoc/723214/ApprovedACM_Rev1_GDE_2017072
1.pdf?searchid=f7d5b34c-664b-4338-930a-d1db93f0272f

A paragraph stating the intended use of an approved ADC material has been added to
Section 5.1.6 of the Operations Plan.

7. The narratives of both sections may have to revised according to request from the SWS
Hydrogeologist stated in December 18, 2017 e-mail message - “Even if nothing is changed in the
WQMP and LFGMP, the County needs to submit both of those plans with new cover pages with
the current date and new PG seals with the current dates.”

The narratives of the WQMP and LFGMP were not revised because both plans have been
approved and only needed an updated PG seal. The cover pages of the WQMP and LFGMP
have been updated with the January 2018 date and new PG seals with the January 2018
dates. Please find attached both plans with revised cover pages.

8. Per NCGS 130A 295.6(h)(3), the leachate collection and removal (LCR) piping shall be cleaned
and inspected by a remote camera at least once every five years. The LCR inspection and cleaning
record must be placed in the operating record. Please add the requirements to the Section.

The above referenced language has been added to Section 9.1 of the Operations Plan.

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao, P.E.
February 1, 2019
Page 4 of 5

9. The service agreement expired on January 25, 2012. The Operation Plan should discuss if the
agreement is required in the future landfill operations to execute a management plan reducing
wildlife attraction and the potential for aircraft/human safety hazard.

A new Cooperative Service Agreement was signed between Granville County and USDA
APHIS Wildlife Services on December 12, 2018. The signed agreement is provided in the
attachments. Section 2.1 of the Operations Plan has also been revised.

10. Should the Phasing Plan drawings be revised according the present in-place waste volume,
the remaining Phase 1 capacity, and the revised annual disposal rate?

The attached Drawing No. OP-03 (Phasing Plan) shows the remaining Phase 1 capacity and
the estimated annual disposal rate based on a capacity study performed in July 20, 2017. The
capacity study was performed a month prior to the permit renewal application submittal in
August 2017. As a result, we did not revise the phasing plan drawings because the drawings
show the estimated capacity and projected annual disposal rate as at the time of the August
2017 submittal. A note has been added to Drawing OP-03 to this effect.

Please do not hesitate to contact us during the review process with any additional questions
or comments you may have. We look forward to working with you to get the County’s permit
renewal approved.

Sincerely,
JOYCE ENGINEERING, INC.
Amy Davis, P.E.
Carolinas Regional Manager

Attachments: Revised Facility Plan
Revised Drawings Nos. FP-01 and FP-05
Revised Operations Plan
Revised Drawing No. OP-3 (Phasing Plan)
Revised Post-Closure Plan
Updated Post Closure Cost Estimate
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Mr. Ming-Tai Chao, P.E.
February 1, 2019
Page 5 of 5

Water Quality Monitoring Plan
As-Built Drawings of Solar Project
Cornwall Waste Disposal Plan
Cooperative Service Agreement
Solar Energy Site Lease Agreement

Cc: Jason Falls, Granville County
9731-F Southern Pine Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28273
tel: [phone] fax: [phone]
www.JoyceEngineering.com
August 23, 2017

Ms. Shannon Aufman NC Department of Environmental Quality Division of Waste Management 1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699
RE: Permit to Operate Renewal Application Oxford MSW Landfill Granville County, North Carolina Permit # 39-01 JOYCE Project No. 660.1802.11 Task 1 Dear Ms. Aufman:
On behalf of Granville County, Joyce Engineering, Inc. (JOYCE) is pleased to submit
this application for continued operation of Oxford MSW Landfill. In accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .1617(b), please find enclosed the revised Facility Plan, Operations Plan, and Financial Assurance cost estimates to reflect existing conditions.
The approved Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan (LFGMP), Water Quality Monitoring Plan
(WQMP), Engineering Plan, Closure and Post-Closure Plan, CQA Plan and Technical Specifications were not included in this submittal due to the fact that no revisions have been made to the landfill design since they were last submitted, and no expansions are proposed with this submittal.

Please do not hesitate to contact us during the review process with any questions or comments you may have. We look forward to working with you to get this permit renewed for continued operation of the landfill. Sincerely,
JOYCE ENGINEERING, INC.
Amy Davis, P.E. Technical Consultant/Regional Manager
Attachments Updated Facility Plan & Drawings Updated Operations Plan & Drawings Financial Assurance Cost Estimates
Cc: Jason Falls, Granville County
PREPARED FOR:

GRANVILLE COUNTY
6584 LANDFILL ROAD
OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA 27565

OXFORD LANDFILL
GRANVILLE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PERMIT NO. 39-01

MSW LANDFILL PERMIT RENEWAL

FACILITY PLAN

JUNE 2009, REVISED JANUARY 2012
REVISED AUGUST 2017, REVISED JANUARY 2019

PREPARED BY:

9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVD
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28273
PHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WWW.JOYCEENGINEERING.COM
JEI PROJECT NO 660.1801.11
NORTH CAROLINA CORPORATE LIC: C-0782

Section III - Facility Plan i Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
VOLUME 1, SECTION III
FACILITY PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW .............................................................................. 1
2.0 FACILITY DRAWINGS .................................................................................................... 1
2.1.Site Development ............................................................................................................ 1
2.2.Landfill Construction ...................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Landfill Operation ........................................................................................................... 2
3.0 FACILITY REPORT .......................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Waste Stream .................................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Landfill Capacity ............................................................................................................. 4
3.3 Containment and Environmental Control Systems ......................................................... 5
3.4 Special Engineering Features .......................................................................................... 8
4.0 SOLAR PROJECT.............................................................................................................. 8
4.1.Solar Project Development ............................................................................................. 8

Tables
Table No. 1 Yearly Disposal Rates
Table No. 2 Unit 2 Actual and Projected Yearly Disposal Rates
Table No. 3 Unit 3 Projected Yearly Disposal Rates
Table No. 4 Unit 4 Projected Yearly Disposal Rates
Table No. 5 Soil Balance

Figures
Figure No. 1 Site Location Map
Figure No. 2 Airport Location Map

Drawings
Drawing No. FP-T Title Sheet
Drawing No. FP-L Legend and General Notes
Drawing No. FP-01 Site Development: All Facilities
Drawing No. FP-02 Site Development: Landfill Units and Leachate Facilities
Drawing No. FP-03 Landfill Construction: Base Grades
Drawing No. FP-04 Landfill Construction: Final Contours
Drawing No. FP-05 Landfill Operations: Drainage Plan
Drawing No. FP-06 Landfill Operations: Unit 2 Phasing Plan
Drawing No. FP-07 Landfill Operations: Unit 3 Phasing Plan
Drawing No. FP-08 Landfill Operations: Unit 3 Phasing Plan
Section III - Facility Plan ii Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
Drawing No. FP-09 Landfill Operations: Unit 3 Phasing Plan
Drawing No. FP-10 Landfill Operations: Unit 4 Phasing Plan

Section III - Facility Plan 1 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

The facility plan describes the comprehensive development of the Granville County Oxford
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfill as required by Subsection .1619 of the North Carolina
Solid Waste Management Rules. The plan includes drawings and a report that present the long-
term conceptual design for the landfill facility.

The Oxford Landfill is owned and operated by Granville County. The landfill property is located
at 6584 Landfill Road, Oxford, North Carolina, approximately 4 miles north of Oxford, North
Carolina. The facility is north of the Oxford Outer Loop between Little Satterwhite Road and
Highway 15 off of Sterl Carrington Road. The property boundary and disposal area is indicated
on an excerpt from an enlarged USGS topographic map combining the quadrangle maps of Oxford,
Stovall, Satterwhite, and Berea in North Carolina (Figure No. 1). The disposal area is located on
a slight topographic high that slopes downward in all directions. Surface water flow is towards
drainage features which eventually flow north to the Little Grassy Creek.

The existing C&D landfill (Permit No. 39-01) is on top of a closed MSW landfill covering
approximately 29 acres. The C&D landfill ceased accepting waste in December 2016, and
Granville County is currently waiting on the Closure Plan approval to initiate bidding and closure
construction activities to officially close the landfill. The MSW facility consists of 3 Units and
approximately 157.8 acres. Currently, Unit 2, Phase 1 of the MSW landfill is active. The Subtitle
D lined facility provides MSW disposal capacity for Granville County.

2.0 FACILITY DRAWINGS

2.1. Site Development

The Site Development Plan is presented on Drawings No. FP-01 and FP-02. Drawing No. FP-01
shows the property boundaries, limits of the existing waste disposal areas, limits of the proposed
waste disposal areas, the existing environmental monitoring system, the landfill entrance road,
landfill access and perimeter roads, scalehouse and office, and the convenience center. Current
topography for the property is shown, as well as the 300-foot buffer from the property line and
other site features.

In addition to showing many of the site features on Drawing No. FP-01, Drawing FP-02 shows the
phase limits of the proposed disposal areas for Units 2, 3, and 4 as well as the proposed location
for the leachate force main and storage facility.

Section II - Site Suitability, of the original Permit to Construct application prepared by Joyce
Engineering in June 2009, and revised in January 2012, details compliance with location
restrictions such as wetlands and floodplains. If future development involves the relocation of
streams or the construction of stream crossings, these may be authorized by Nationwide Permit
Nos. 26 and 14, respectively. At present, no stream channels on the property are proposed to be
relocated, and no stream crossings are planned. If the subsequent design of future phases involves
Section III - Facility Plan 2 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
the relocation of streams or the construction of stream crossings, the plans will be forwarded to
the Corps of Engineers for review and approval.

The landfill property is located within the area shown on Flood Insurance Rate Map Panel No.
3720191500J, Community No. 37077C, issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency,
effective date June 4, 2007. The property is outside the limits shown on the map for special flood
hazard areas inundated by the 100-year flood. Additionally, it was confirmed that the landfill is
outside the radius of concern regarding airports. A portion of the North Carolina aeronautical chart
that shows the project site and surrounding area is included as Figure 2.

2.2. Landfill Construction

Drawings No. FP-03, and FP-04 depict on-site grading activities relating to the construction and
operation of the proposed MSW landfill facility. Base grades for the development in relation to
seasonal high groundwater and bedrock are shown on Drawing No. FP-03. Base grades are
designed to be a minimum of four feet above groundwater and bedrock. Additional information
and drawings related to groundwater and bedrock can be found in the original Permit to Construct
Application Volume 3, Hydrogeologic Report, submitted by Joyce Engineering in June 2009,
revised in January 2012. Drawing No. FP-04 shows final grades which were developed for fill
slopes of 3 horizontal to 1 vertical (3H:1V). Drawing FP-04 includes proposed features for facility
closure.

2.3 Landfill Operation

Drawing No. FP-05 includes the general drainage grade and flow direction for the leachate system
and pipelines to the leachate management facility.

Phasing for the facility is included on Drawings No. FP-06 through FP-10. The phasing plans
include transitional contours for each phase of development and the location of stormwater
segregation features. Stormwater control features are included in the Erosion and Sediment
Control plans and Engineering Plan (included with the original Permit to Construct prepared by
Joyce Engineering in 2009, revised in January 2012).

3.0 FACILITY REPORT

3.1 Waste Stream

Types of Waste Specified for Disposal: The facility will accept residential, commercial, and
industrial waste, wastewater treatment sludges, and construction and demolition (C&D) debris for
disposal. Hazardous waste as defined within 15A NCAC 13A, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761, and liquid waste will be prohibited from disposal in the landfill
nor will it be accepted at the convenience center. Liquid waste is defined as any waste material
that is determined to contain “free liquids” as defined by Method 9095 Paint Filter Liquids Test
(SW-846), unless the waste is household waste other than septic waste, waste oil, leachate, or gas
condensate derived from the landfill. Waste acceptance is further discussed in the Operations Plan.
Section III - Facility Plan 3 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

Disposal Rates and Estimated Variances: Table 1 presents the Oxford Landfill’s annual MSW
disposal quantities for FY2013 through FY2017. As indicated in the table, MSW annual disposal
quantities have increased annually since the landfill started accepting waste in May 2013 from
3,006 tons in FY2013 to 48,966 tons in FY2017. Granville County ceased accepting C&D waste
in Unit 1 in December 2016. As of December 2016, all C&D waste is being disposed in Unit 2,
Phase 1 of the MSW landfill.

For planning purposes, the base annual waste stream in FY2018 is assumed equal to 48,966 tons
(194 tons per day, assuming a 5 day workweek TPD5 and seven observed annual holidays), the
quantity received in FY2017. A steady growth rate of 2% per year has been assumed to represent
the change in the waste stream over the future life of the facility. Using this growth rate, the
projected disposal rate per year and cumulative totals of each Phase are given for Units 2, 3, and
4 in Tables 2, 3, and 4.

Facility Service Area: The area to be served by the facility includes Granville County, including
without limitation the municipalities of Oxford, Butner, Creedmoor, Stem, and Stovall. The
surrounding counties of Durham, Franklin, Person, Vance, and Wake will also be served by the
facility. According to US Census Bureau, the 2016 estimated population of Granville County is
59,031 and the combined population of the aforementioned surrounding counties is 1,573,476.

Waste Management Procedures: The following procedures are in use at the existing MSWLF unit.
During operating hours, traffic is routed from the entrance gate to the scalehouse along a paved
road. From the scalehouse, traffic is routed to a gravel road leading to the disposal area. Employees
at the landfill are trained in the safety procedures for handling and detection of unapproved waste.
The screening of unacceptable waste is done through the random checking of incoming loads by a
landfill employee at the scalehouse and at the active tipping area. When unacceptable waste is
detected at the scalehouse, the load is rejected and not permitted into the landfill. If unapproved
waste is found at the tipping area, identification of the truck or persons is made (if possible) and
documented. The waste is then identified and placed into an appropriate container and taken to a
facility specifically approved to accept that type of waste for proper disposal. When this occurs,
the event is reported to the appropriate authorities.

A convenience center is located near the scalehouse. This facility enables residential users to
dispose waste without having to drive to the working face of the landfill. White goods are collected
in a separate area southwest of the landfill, and are removed by a metal recycling contractor, which
is handled through a bid process. Tires are disposed of by customers onto the ground in the
designated tire disposal area as shown on Drawing No. FP-02. At the end of each work week,
usually Friday (but no more than 10 days), landfill personnel load the tires into an open-top trailer
located adjacent to the tire disposal area. Granville County contracts with a private hauler
(currently Central Carolina Holdings) to transport the tires to Cameron, North Carolina. The
following materials are collected for recycling at the landfill: old corrugated cardboard, newspaper,
motor oil, vegetable oil, antifreeze, clear and brown glass containers, HDPE and PET plastics,
aluminum cans, steel cans, and scrap steel. The approximate locations of these features are
indicated on Drawing No. FP-02.
Section III - Facility Plan 4 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

Equipment Requirements: The Oxford landfill personnel will maintain on-site equipment required
to perform the necessary landfill activities. Periodic maintenance of all landfilling equipment will
either be performed on-site or at designated maintenance facilities outside of the landfill. A list of
the equipment on site is provided in the following table. Please note that equipment type and
quantity may fluctuate based on incoming waste and equipment maintenance needs.

Type Status Quantity
Compactor (826 D) Active 1
Compactor (3-55 Rex) Backup 1
Dozer Active 4
Excavator Active 2
Loader Active 2
Loader Backup 1
Motor Grader Active 1
Tractor Active 1
Water Truck Active 1
Pickups Active 3
Lowboy Active 1
Terex Truck Active 1
TS-14 Pan Active 1

Assuming the growth rate discussed above, the average waste stream would grow to approximately
210 tons per day by the time the storage capacity of the landfill nears depletion at the end of Unit
2, Phase 1 (approximately 5 years). During the operational life of the facility, equipment needs
will be reviewed annually, and additional equipment purchased or leased as needed. New
equipment will be phased in as older equipment is retired.

3.2 Landfill Capacity

Landfill capacity, by phase, was calculated using airspace volumes obtained using AutoDesk
Civil3D/Survey software. The data and assumptions used are consistent with the disposal rates
discussed in the preceding section, and are representative of the operational requirements and
conditions anticipated for the new facility.

Operating Capacity: The operating gross capacities, by Unit and Phase, are shown in Tables 2, 3,
4, and listed below. The estimated remaining operating life of the facility is approximately 75
years.

Section III - Facility Plan 5 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
MSW Phase Unit Projected Gross Capacity
(cy)
Unit Gross Capacity
(cy)
1 2 660,000

Unit 2
3,556,000
2 2 683,000
3 2 700,000
4 2 768,000
5 2 745,000
1 3 788,000

Unit 3
10,650,000
2 3 870,000
3 3 860,000
4 3 913,000
5 3 960,000
6 3 1,000,000
7 3 1,100,000
8 3 1,109,000
9 3 1,200,000
10 3 1,260,000
11 3 590,000
1 4 1,280,000 Unit 4
2,680,000 2 4 1,400,000
MSW Landfill Gross Capacity 16,886,000

Soil Resources: The soils required to construct and operate the proposed landfill will be obtained
from on-site borrow sources. The soils removed from the on-site borrow area will be used for
structural fill, unclassified fill, periodic cover, and/or final cover. The in-place ratio of waste to
soil used to calculate the operating soil requirements was assumed to be 7 to 1, based on the
findings of capacity studies conducted for the facility. This assumes an operating plan designed
to minimize soil usage, and use of an alternate daily cover. The on-site soil resources, usage, and
balances are shown by Unit in Table 5 with Unit 2, Phase 1 detailed for this permit application.
The deficit of soil during the operation, construction, and closure of Unit 2 Phase 1 is
approximately 52,995 cubic yards. Based on the conceptual design volumes for Units 2, 3, and 4,
the total soil deficit over the life of the facility is approximately 2,089,032 cubic yards. The
property totals 397.73 acres in size with 157.8 acres permitted for landfill use (the C&DLF on top
of the closed MSWLF –Unit 1 is approximately 29 acres and is no longer accepting waste. The
waste footprints of the Subtitle D MSWLF – Unit 2, Unit 3, & Unit 4 encompass 157.8 acres). The
deficit can be satisfied by borrowing soil from other locations within the limits of the facility
property.

3.3 Containment and Environmental Control Systems

Base Liner Systems:

The proposed liner system will consist of the following components from top to bottom:

x 24-inch granular protective and/or drainage layer;
x Non-woven geosynthetic cushion;
Section III - Facility Plan 6 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
x 60 mil high density polyethylene (HDPE) textured geomembrane;
x Geosynthetic clay liner (GCL); and
x 18-inch compacted soil layer having a permeability no greater than 1x10-5cm/sec.

Leachate Management System:

The leachate collection and removal system (LCRS) is designed to meet the requirements of the
North Carolina Solid Waste Management Regulations. The LCRS will include the following
components:

x Drainage layer;
x Leachate collector and header pipes;
x Leachate storage tank.

Leachate will be conveyed through the drainage layer consisting of at least 24 inches of free-
draining granular material. Within the drainage layer, a network of perforated collector pipes will
intercept the leachate, conveying the leachate by gravity to the leachate header pipe. The header
pipe will discharge to a sump at the downgradient end of the landfill cell. Cleanouts will be
provided for all leachate collector lines and leachate header pipe to provide access for video
inspection and cleaning of the pipes. Leachate will be pumped from the sump to an on-site storage
tank. Leachate from the tank will be periodically transported by tanker truck to the local
wastewater treatment plant. More details on the leachate collection system are included in Volume
2 - Engineering Plan of the original Permit to Construct application prepared by Joyce Engineering
in June 2009 and revised in January 2012.

Cap System:

The cap system is described from bottom to top in the following paragraphs.

Subgrade: Additional soil will be placed as needed over the 12 inches of intermediate cover to
provide a uniform base for construction of the final cap.

Gas Collection Layer: A geonet composite (geonet with geotextile fabric heat-bonded to both
sides) will be placed directly on the intermediate cover. The geonet composite will serve as a
migration zone for the lateral movement of landfill gas. The geotextile component will prevent the
migration of soil into the geonet so that gas migration will not be impeded.

Infiltration Barrier: A composite infiltration barrier will consist of a textured 40 mil flexible
membrane cap (FMC) placed on top of an 18-inch low-permeability soil layer compacted to
achieve a hydraulic conductivity no greater than 1 x 10-5 cm/sec. The 18-inch low permeability
soil layer may be replaced with a geosynthetic clay layer (GCL), as discussed in the Engineering
Plan. The low-permeability soil layer, or the GCL, will lie directly above the gas collection layer.
The FMC will consist of a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) or PVC membrane.

Section III - Facility Plan 7 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
Drainage Layer: A geonet composite will be placed directly on top of the flexible membrane cap.
The geonet will promote drainage away from the infiltration barrier and towards the perimeter
ditches. It will also help to protect the FMC from puncture.

Erosion Control Components (Protective Layer and Erosion Layer): A protective layer consisting
of at least 18 inches of local soil will be placed on top of the drainage layer. A layer of topsoil
material or organically amended local soil at least 6 inches in thickness will be placed on top of
the protective layer. The erosion and protective layers will not be heavily compacted so that
vegetative growth will be promoted. Soil tests will be conducted prior to seeding to determine if
amendments to the soil are needed to establish a healthy stand of vegetation.

Vegetative Cover: After placement of the erosion layer, the area that has been closed will be seeded
with a grass mixture. Mulch and erosion control matting will be used as needed to further minimize
erosion.

Gas Management System:

To protect public health and safety in the vicinity of the landfill, landfill gas produced by the
decomposition of refuse will be controlled and monitored during the operational, closure, and post-
closure periods. A gas management plan and gas monitoring program will be implemented for the
purpose of maintaining the concentration of methane gas below the following regulatory levels:

x The concentration of methane gas generated is not to exceed 25 percent of the lower
explosive limit (LEL) for methane in on-site structures (excluding gas control or recovery
system components); and

x The concentration of methane gas is not to exceed the LEL for methane at the facility
property boundary.

Landfill gas is a by-product from the decomposition of organic waste in a sanitary landfill. The
major components of landfill gas are methane and carbon dioxide. Other gases, such as volatile
organic compounds, are present in trace quantities. The landfill gas is proposed to be managed by
a passive gas collection system. The gas may be recovered in the future with an active system if
generation rates are sufficient to justify the additional costs.

Gas monitoring will be conducted during the active life of the landfill and throughout the closure
and post-closure periods. At a minimum, quarterly monitoring of explosive gases will be
conducted at all gas detection probes and in structures at the landfill. If additional structures are
built, the monitoring program will be expanded to include the new structures. Gas detection probes
will be installed around the boundary of the waste disposal unit. Probes should not be needed
where site topography permits gas to be released to the atmosphere before it migrates to the
property boundaries, or where the site is bounded by water. The Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
was revised in August 2014.

Section III - Facility Plan 8 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
3.4 Special Engineering Features

Stormwater Management System:

Unmanaged stormwater can contribute significantly to the amount of leachate collected, stored
and treated. High intensity storms can cause temporary flooding and hinder operations in active
cells. To minimize these effects, features will be provided to segregate stormwater and leachate
during operation of the MSWLF units. Within each landfill phase, a temporary system consisting
of a rainflap, berms, and/or one or more pumps and hoses will be used to divert uncontaminated
stormwater from coming into contact with waste and entering the leachate collection system.
Inactive areas will have temporary berms constructed to allow uncontaminated runoff to pond at
the downgradient end of the segregated area. The uncontaminated stormwater will be pumped or
siphoned from the impoundment area to a drainage ditch that flows to an on-site sediment basin.
The diversion will prevent the burden and added expense of having to collect, store, and treat the
additional volume of rainwater that would otherwise have become leachate through contact with
waste. As filling progresses from one subcell to the next, the berms will be removed. Waste will
be placed on the drainage layer, continuing until the capacity of the subcell has been depleted and
the opening of a subsequent subcell is required.

4.0 SOLAR PROJECT

4.1. Solar Project Development

The approximate limits of the solar project is shown on Drawings No. FP-01 through FP-05.
Drawing No. FP-01 shows the property boundaries, limits of the existing waste disposal areas,
limits of the proposed waste disposal areas, the existing environmental monitoring system, the
landfill entrance road, landfill access and perimeter roads, scalehouse and office, convenience
center, and the solar project. Current topography for the property is shown, as well as the 300-
foot buffer from the property line and other site features. The following table outlines details
provided by Granville County related to the on-site project.

Date of Construction Completion 2/13/2017
Date of Initial Operation 11/23/2016
Project duration Approximately 14 months
Operator’s Contact

Heelstone
Energy;
[e-mail];
919-679-9015

The solar project is located at the southwest end of the property as shown on Drawing No. FP-01.
The solar project is surrounded by a fence to prevent illegal trespassing. The white goods
containers are placed northeast of the solar project, outside the fenced solar farm parameters. White
goods are removed by a metal recycling contractor, which is handled through a bid process. Tires
are disposed of by customers onto the ground in the designated tire disposal area as shown on
Section III - Facility Plan 9 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
Drawing No. FP-01. From the Cornwall Waste Disposal Plan, dated October 14, 2015, operation
of the solar project will not generate waste.

Once the solar project is decommissioned, the solar array system will be removed from the solar
farm area and the area will be reverted to its pre-development use. Prior to the solar project, the
County used the solar farm area to receive, process, and temporarily stockpile yard waste and land
clearing debris, and to conduct active composting activities. Additionally, the solar farm area was
used as a soil-borrow area to meet the facility soil needs. Due to the solar project, the County had
to relocate the composting area and yard waste and land clearing debris area to Unit 2, south of
Phase 1. Moreover, Unit 2 is now being used to serve as a soil-borrow area to sustain the site soil
needs instead of the solar farm area. The new locations for displaced municipal solid waste
management units are within the landfill property (Drawings No. FP-01 through FP-05). Finally,
the County discontinued the disposal of animal carcass in the solar farm area in 2013.

(End)
UNIT 16" LINE8" TRUNK
6" LINE
6" LINE
6" LINE
6" LINE
6" LINE
6" L
I
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6" LINE
STERL CARRINGTON ROADOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHAPPROXIMATEMSW LANDFILLLIMITS OF WASTECONVENIENCE CENTER/RECYCLINGSCALEHOUSESEDIMENTBASIN SB-2SEDIMENTBASIN SB-3SB-7OH OH
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LEWIS ROADCOCO8" LINEP-11MW-7P-7P-19P-16MW-1MW-1AMW-9MW-11NES-2SNES-2DGP-2GP-4GP-5GP-6GP-7GP-8GP-9MW-2MW-6MW-6RMW-4MW-4RMW-5MW-5RMW-3RMW-3GP-3GP-1GP-10P-23MW-10575500 SOLAR FARM460
460
460
470
470
470470470470
48
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480480480480
480
480
480
490490490490500500500
500510510510510
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7
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5805805805
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0
58059059059059060
0
600600600610610620620 630630LEACHATE STORAGE FACILITY3" Ø LEACHATEFORCEMAINLEACHATE LINE(TYP)WHITE GOODSUTILITY EASEMENTOVERHEAD POWERACCESS ROAD (TYP)PROPERTY LINECLEAN OUT (TYP)SUMP AREASUMP AREAFUTURE BORROW AREAPHASE 11(VERTICAL)SUMP AREAPHASE 5(VERTICAL)TIREDISPOSAL AREAC & D LIMITS OF WASTE(ACTIVE LANDFILL AREA)FENCEWETLAND (TYP)FM
FM
COCOEXISTINGLEACHATECOLLECTIONSYSTEM 3PROJECT NO.APPROVED
CHECKED
DRAWN
DESIGNED
DATE
DATE REVISIONS AND RECORD OF ISSUE BYNO APPCKSCALE All rights reserved.
Ó Joyce Engineering, Inc.DRAWING NO.L:\Granville\2017OXFORD RENEWAL\FACILITY PLAN\FP-05 LF Operation Drainage Plan.dwg Layout=Layout10(FEET)GRAPHIC SCALE600300150NOTE:CONTOURS SHOWN ON PLAN REPRESENT TOP OFDRAINAGE LAYER ELEVATIONS. LEACHATE INVERTELEVATIONS ARE 2' BELOW DRAINAGE LAYERELEVATIONS.GRANVILLE COUNTY OXFORD LANDFILL
OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA
2017FP-05AS SHOWNLANDFILL OPERATIONS
LEACHATE DRAINAGE PLAN
KWB
RWH/RFB
KWB
EEA
06/12/09
NC CORP LIC: C-0782
RH LB MMREVISED TO SHOW SOLAR FARM ADDITION10/19/15
08/23/17 SUBMIT PERMIT RENEWAL RWH LBB MM
9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVD
CHARLOTTE, NC 28273
PHONE: [phone]
2660.1801.111/10/19 REVISED PER NCDEQ COMMENTS RWH LBB MM3
300'-0"300' PROPERTY BUFFER50' STREAM BUFFER( WASTE BUFFER TYPEACH SIDE OF STREAM)STERL CARRINGTON ROADOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHAPPROXIMATECLOSED MSWLANDFILL LIMITSOF WASTECONVENIENCE CENTER/RECYCLINGSEDIMENTBASIN SB-1SCALEHOUSESEDIMENTBASIN SB-2SEDIMENTBASIN SB-3S89° 19' 20.44"W61.32S3° 01' 09.32"W264.91N87° 12' 38.13"W744.89N13° 12' 45.76"W1812.36 N75° 51' 40.44"E511.04N74° 29' 39.08"W48.16N2° 57' 55.28"W1197.77 N86° 33' 11.63"E294.93N5° 40' 51.22"W886.44 N2° 54' 02.17"W539.86 N79° 20' 14.86"E444.07N68° 11' 29.64"E199.62N88° 43' 35.29"E202.55N72° 15' 06.94"E61.20N72° 48' 58.05"E153.05S89° 11' 30.63"E194.58S85° 05' 23.01"E496.02S78° 59' 24.65"E327.93S78° 15' 12.44"E472.62S85° 37' 58.01"E196.39S67° 54' 00.81"E293.36S38° 09' 31.21"E108.44S62° 01' 21.64"E743.93S89° 42' 14.57"E273.01N0° 40' 31.49"W148.18N89° 37' 12.28"E517.26S2° 14' 45.10"E
1358.97
S2° 55' 22.02"W
328.68
S9° 08' 03.
5
4
"
W
1738.58N89° 22' 38.01"W2840.45S2° 18' 34.03"W
359.31N88° 23' 07.03"W471.93S3° 55' 04.06"W
460.84350.59R=369'LEACHATE STORAGE FACILITYUNIT 137.3 ACRES(CURRENT BORROWAREA)87.4 ACRES33.7 ACRESSB-7WHITE GOODSUTILITY EASEMENTACCESS ROAD (TYP)PROPERTY LINE/ FACILITY BOUNDARYLEWIS ROADFUTURE BORROW AREAEDGE OF LINER/LIMITS OF WASTE (TYP)UNIT 2UNIT 4UNIT 3SB-4SB-5SB-6EXISTING FACILITY BOUNDARYOVERHEAD POWERLAND CLEARING DEBRISCOLLECTION ANDCOMPOST AREAPHASE 1(ACTIVE)PASSIVE LFG (790 LF)INTERCEPTION TRENCHMW-7P-7P-19P-18P-15MW-9MW-11NES-1DABDNES-1SNES-2SNES-2DGP-2GP-4GP-5GP-6GP-7GP-8GP-9GP-3GP-1GP-10MW-10GP-11GP-12P-6GP-3AGP-1ATIRE COLLECTIONAREAFENCESOLAR FARMOH OH
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600 WETLANDS (TYP)APPROXIMATEC&D LIMITSMW-2MW-6MW-6RMW-4MW-4RMW-5MW-5RMW-3RMW-3MW-8MW-12SW-1SW-2SW-3SW-4SURFACE WATERMONITORING POINT(TYP) 4PROJECT NO.APPROVED
CHECKED
DRAWN
DESIGNED
DATE
DATE REVISIONS AND RECORD OF ISSUE BYNO APPCKSCALE All rights reserved.
Ó Joyce Engineering, Inc.DRAWING NO.L:\Granville\2017OXFORD RENEWAL\FACILITY PLAN\FP-01 SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN revised.dwg Layout=Layout10(FEET)GRAPHIC SCALE600300150NC CORP LIC: C-0782
GRANVILLE COUNTY OXFORD LANDFILL
OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA
2009FP-01AS SHOWNSITE DEVELOPMENT
ALL FACILITIES RH LB MMREVISED TO SHOW SOLAR FARM ADDITION11/12/15
KWB
RWH/RFB
KWB
EEA
06/12/09 08/23/17 SUBMIT PERMIT RENEWAL RWH LBB MM9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVD
CHARLOTTE, NC 28273
PHONE: [phone] RH LB MASUPDATED MAPPING WITH 2014 SURVEY09/4/14 1
2
3660.1801.111/10/19 REVISED PER NCDEQ COMMENTS RWH LBB MM4
PREPARED FOR:

GRANVILLE COUNTY
6584 LANDFILL ROAD
OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA 27565

OXFORD LANDFILL
GRANVILLE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PERMIT NO. 39-01

MSW LANDFILL PERMIT RENEWAL

OPERATIONS PLAN

JUNE 2009, REVISED JANUARY 2012
REVISED AUGUST 2017, REVISED JANUARY 2019

PREPARED BY:

9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVD
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28273
PHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WWW.JOYCEENGINEERING.COM
JEI PROJECT NO 660.1801.11
NORTH CAROLINA CORPORATE LIC: C-0782

Operations Plan i Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

OPERATIONS PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 GENERAL ...........................................................................................................................1
2.0 OPERATIONS DRAWINGS ..............................................................................................1
2.1 Existing Conditions ..............................................................................................................1
3.0 GENERAL OPERATING CONDITIONS ..........................................................................2
3.1 Hours of Operation ..............................................................................................................2
3.2 Site Access and Safety .........................................................................................................2
3.3 Waste Acceptance ................................................................................................................3
3.3.1 MSW Landfill ................................................................................................................3
3.4 Prohibited Waste ..................................................................................................................4
3.5 Special Wastes .....................................................................................................................5
3.6 Litter Control .......................................................................................................................7
3.7 Equipment ............................................................................................................................7
3.8 Air Quality ...........................................................................................................................7
3.9 Dust, Odor, Fire and Vector Control ...................................................................................8
3.10 Scavenging/Salvaging ....................................................................................................8
3.11 Type 1 Composting Facility ............................................................................................8
3.11.1 Waste Quantities ............................................................................................................8
3.11.2 Design Considerations ...................................................................................................9
3.11.3 Operations ......................................................................................................................9
3.11.4 Waste Acceptance Rule .1406 (6) .............................................................................10
3.11.5 Monitoring Requirements Rule .1406 (9) ...................................................................11
3.11.6 Temperature Parameters Rule .1406 (10) ..................................................................11
3.11.7 Addition of Nitrogen Bearing Materials Rule .1406 (13) ............................................11
3.11.8 Classification/Distribution of MSW Compost Products Rule .1407 ..........................11
4.0 RANDOM WASTE SCREENING PROGRAM ...............................................................12
4.1 Authority ............................................................................................................................12
4.2 Random Selection ..............................................................................................................13
4.3 Record Keeping .................................................................................................................13
4.4 Training ..............................................................................................................................13
4.5 Inspection Site Location ....................................................................................................13
4.6 Action Plan.........................................................................................................................13
5.0 SUBCELL PROGRESSION AND WASTE PLACEMENT ............................................14
5.1 MSW Landfill ....................................................................................................................14
5.1.1 Subcell Progression ......................................................................................................14
5.1.2 Waste Placement and Compaction ...............................................................................15
5.1.3 Filling Operations ........................................................................................................15
5.1.4 Daily Cover ..................................................................................................................15
5.1.5 Intermediate Cover.......................................................................................................15
5.1.6 Alternate Cover Material .............................................................................................16
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS ......................................................16
6.1 Water Quality .....................................................................................................................16
Operations Plan ii Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
6.2 Landfill Gas .......................................................................................................................16
7.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL REQUIREMENTS........................................16
8.0 RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS .........................................................................17
9.0 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR UNIT 2, PHASE 1 MSW LANDFILL ......17
9.1 Maintenance of the Leachate Collection System ...............................................................17
9.2 Leachate Generation Records ............................................................................................17
9.3 Leachate Monitoring ..........................................................................................................18
9.4 Leachate Disposal ..............................................................................................................18
9.5 Contingency Plan for Extreme Conditions ........................................................................18
9.6 Handling Leaks and Stormwater in the Leachate Collection Tank Area ...........................19
9.7 Operations in the Leachate Loadout Area .........................................................................19
10.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN ...................................................................................................19
10.1 Implementation..............................................................................................................19
10.2 Inoperable Periods .........................................................................................................20
10.3 Emergency Response Procedures ..................................................................................20
10.4 SEVERE WEATHER CONDITIONS ..........................................................................22

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Random Waste Screening Program Forms
Appendix 2 POTW Approval Documentation
Appendix 3 Tarp Data Sheet
Appendix 4 Temperature Log Data Sheet
Appendix 5 Compost End User Brochure
Appendix 6 USDA Work Plan from Cooperative Service Agreement
Appendix 7 Fire Occurrence Notification Form

DRAWINGS

Drawing No. OP-T Title Sheet
Drawing No. OP-L Legend and General Notes
Drawing No. OP-01 Existing Conditions
Drawing No. OP-02 Site Development Plan
Drawing No. OP-03 Phasing Plan

Operations Plan 1 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
1.0 GENERAL

The Operation Plan describes how the design and construction plans will be implemented during
the life of the facility. The plan consists of drawings and accompanying text which illustrate
existing conditions, cell progression, waste placement and daily operations, leachate management,
special waste management, buffer zones and soil borrow procedures.

The Oxford Landfill is owned and operated by Granville County. The landfill property is located
at 6584 Landfill Road, Oxford, North Carolina, approximately 4 miles north of Oxford, North
Carolina. The facility is north of the Oxford Outer Loop between Little Satterwhite Road and
Highway 15 off of Sterl Carrington Road. The disposal area is located on a slight topographic
high that slopes downward in all directions. Surface water flow is towards drainage features which
eventually flow north to the Little Grassy Creek.

The area to be served by the facility includes Granville County and the surrounding counties of
Durham, Franklin, Person, Vance and Wake. The municipalities of Oxford, Butner, Creedmoor,
Stem and Stovall will also be served. The intent of this facility is to accommodate waste from
Granville County and minor overflow waste from the surrounding counties. Therefore, waste
generation trends solely from Granville County were used to develop projected disposal rates.

The landfill property is approximately 397.73 acres. The site consists of an existing C&D landfill
(Permit No. 39-01) on top of a closed MSW landfill covering approximately 29 acres, and an
existing MSW Landfill (Unit 2, Phase 1) covering approximately 11 acres. Granville County
ceased accepting C&D waste in Unit 1 (C&D Landfill) in December 2016. Other areas at the
facility include a convenience center, collection of scrap tires, and white goods for off-site
recycling or disposal. Ancillary facilities such as a scale house and maintenance building are also
located on the site. The MSW facility consists of 3 Units (157.8 acres). Unit 2 contains 5 phases,
Unit 3 contains 11 phases, and Unit 4 contains 2 phases. This application is for a renewal of the
Permit to Operate Unit 2, Phase 1 of the MSW landfill.

Currently, an average of 194 tons of MSW is managed daily at the landfill, based on a five-day
week and 7 holidays, or 253 days per year. This includes the C&D waste being disposed in Unit
2, Phase 1 of the MSW landfill.

2.0 OPERATIONS DRAWINGS

2.1 Existing Conditions

The site existing conditions is presented on Drawing No. OP-01 and currently includes the
following components:
y A C&D landfill over closed unlined MSW landfill (Permit No. 39-01-1997). The C&D
landfill ceased accepting waste in December 2016, and Granville County is currently
waiting on the Closure Plan approval to initiate bidding and closure construction activities
to officially close the landfill.
y Active MSW landfill Unit 2, Phase 1 (Permit No. 39-01-2012).
y Convenience center (drop-off area for recyclables and waste).
Operations Plan 2 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
y Office and maintenance building.
y Weighing scales.
y Tire collection area.
y White goods collection area.
y Land clearing debris collection area.
y Yard trash collection and compost area.
y Solar farm.

The drawing also shows the limits of the existing waste disposal area, the environmental
monitoring system, the landfill entrance road, landfill access and perimeter roads, scalehouse, and
office. Current topography for the property is shown, as well as the neighboring residence and
wells, the 300-foot buffer from the property line, and other site features.

Borrow areas will be located in future Units 2, 3, & 4.

The county recognizes that the surrounding wildlife needs to be protected, hence the Cooperative
Service Agreement between the USDA APHIS Wildlife Services and the County was renewed on
December 12, 2018. The new Cooperative Service Agreement is provided in Appendix 6.

3.0 GENERAL OPERATING CONDITIONS

3.1 Hours of Operation

The MSWLF will operate Monday through Friday. The operation hours are 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.,
but may be adjusted slightly due to fluctuations in the waste stream, or other unforeseen conditions.
Brush, metal, and tires are accepted Monday through Friday and 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. on
Saturday unless altered by the County Board of Commissioners. The MSWLF will be closed on
the following major holidays: New Year’s Day, Good Friday (close at 12:00 pm), Memorial Day,
July 4th, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve, and Christmas Day. An entrance sign has
been posted noting operating hours. Holiday closings are advertised in the local paper and notices
posted at the entrance ten days prior to the holiday.

3.2 Site Access and Safety

Limiting access to the landfill facility is important for the following reasons:
x Unauthorized and illegal dumping of wasted materials is prevented;
x Trespassing, and injury resulting there from, is discouraged; and
x The risk of vandalism is greatly reduced.

Access to active areas of the landfill will be controlled by a combination of fences and natural
barriers such as the creeks. Access to the facility is controlled through one entrance along Landfill
Road, which has secure gates to prevent access after operating hours. A large sign containing the
information required in Rule .1626(6) (i.e. dumping procedures, hours, permit number, etc.) is
posted at the facility entrance. Waste collection vehicles are weighed in (and out if tare weights
are not on file for the vehicle) at the existing scale.
Operations Plan 3 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

Signs have been posted directing traffic to separate areas for the collection of tires, white goods,
yard waste, and other recyclable goods, and the MSW active landfill area.

During the hours of operation, traffic is routed from the entrance gate and scale house via a gravel
access road to the MSWLF. The roads shall be maintained to remain passable during all weather
conditions. The cell access roads will change in location as the working face moves both
horizontally and vertically with the progression of waste fill. The slopes of cell access roads at
maximum fill heights should not exceed 10%. An attendant is on duty at the scalehouse at all times
during the operating hours.

Frequent inspections of the access roads, gates and fences will be performed by landfill personnel.
Landfill personnel will maintain the approved access road conditions, as well as, monitor the
accessibility to monitoring points. Evidence of trespassing, vandalism, or illegal operation will be
reported to the County Sheriff.

3.3 Waste Acceptance

The landfills will accept only those solid wastes included in their current permits, including
household, commercial, construction and demolition debris, land clearing and inert debris, and
industrial solid wastes. These are defined in Rule .1602 for the MSW landfill as follows:

3.3.1 MSW Landfill

x Household waste means any solid waste derived from households including single and multiple
residences, hotels and motels, bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters, campgrounds, picnic
grounds, and day-use recreation areas.

x Commercial solid waste means all types of solid waste generated by stores, offices, restaurants,
warehouses, and other nonmanufacturing activities, excluding residential and industrial
wastes.

x Construction and Demolition Debris Waste means solid waste generated solely from the
construction, remodeling, repair, or demolition operations on pavement and building
structures.

x Land Clearing and Inert Debris means solid waste created during land clearing including
untreated wood, yard trash, uncontaminated soils and rock.

x Solid waste generated by mobile or modular home manufacturers and asphalt shingle
manufacturers in Granville County.

x Industrial solid waste means solid waste generated by manufacturing or industrial processes
that is not a hazardous waste regulated under Subtitle C of RCRA. Such waste may include,
but is not limited to, waste resulting from the following manufacturing processes: electric
Operations Plan 4 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
power generation; fertilizer/agricultural chemicals; food and related products/by-products;
inorganic chemicals; iron and steel manufacturing; leather and leather products; nonferrous
metals manufacturing/ foundries; organic chemicals; plastics and resins manufacturing; pulp
and paper industry; rubber and miscellaneous plastic products; stone, glass, clay, and concrete
products; textile manufacturing; transportation equipment; and water treatment. This term
does not include mining waste or oil and gas waste.

Neither spoiled food, hatchery waste, nor other animal waste is intended to be received in
quantities large enough to be problematic for operations. In the event that such wastes are received,
they will be immediately buried and covered with a thick layer of soil followed by non-putrescible
municipal solid waste. If asbestos waste is received, it will be managed in accordance with 40
CFR 61. The waste will be disposed at the bottom of the working face and covered immediately
with soil in a manner that will not cause asbestos particles to become airborne.

3.4 Prohibited Waste

A sign is posted at the landfill gate (see Section 3.2 above) that reads "No hazardous or liquid
waste accepted without written permission from the Division of Solid Waste Management". The
MSW landfill will not accept:

x Hazardous waste as defined within 15A NCAC 13A, including hazardous waste from
conditionally exempt small quantity generators;

x Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761;

x Liquid wastes (i.e., any waste material that is determined to contain "free liquids" as defined
by SW-846 Method 9095 (Paint Filter Liquids Test), unless the waste is household waste other
than septic waste or waste oil, or leachate or gas condensate derived from the landfill managed
in accordance with Rule .1626(9);

x Barrels and drums unless they are empty and sufficiently perforated, except fiber drums
containing asbestos;

x Wooden pallets (applies to MSW landfill only);

x Discarded computer equipment and televisions (effective July 1, 2011)

x Other wastes specifically banned from landfill disposal by rule or statute for MSW landfill,
such as lead acid batteries, whole tires, used oil, oyster shells, or aluminum cans.

In addition to the prohibited waste, the landfills will not dispose of yard waste, white goods,
antifreeze, whole scrap tires, recyclable plastic and beverage containers, and motor vehicle oil
filters.

Operations Plan 5 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
The County will notify the Division within 24 hours of attempted disposal of any waste the landfill
is not permitted to receive, including waste from outside the area the landfill is permitted to serve.
The waste screening program is described later in this Operation Plan.

3.5 Special Wastes

The facility accepts “special wastes” such as tires and white goods but separates these wastes from
the general disposal area.

Tires
Tires are received from residential and commercial customers. Tire counts are verified by
observation and/or North Carolina Tire Certification Form (for customers with 6 or more tires).
Customers are directed to the tire disposal area located north of the scale house as noted on
Drawing No. OP-01. Tires are disposed of by customers on to the ground. Weekly, the tires are
loaded into an open top trailer. The County contracts with Central Carolina Holdings for recycling
and/or disposal of the tires that are collected on-site. Central Carolina Holdings changes out the
trailer as needed with a maximum time of 10 calendar days between trailers. Tires are currently
hauled to and processed in Cameron, North Carolina.

White Goods
Customers with white goods and/or scrap metal are directed to the white goods area located north
of the scale house as shown on Drawing No. OP-01. Customers place white goods and scrap metal
in the unloading area. Freon containing devices are off loaded to the northwest corner of the pad
where a licensed contractor, Huff’s Soil Conservation, for Freon removal performs the recovery
of Freon. The contractor marks appliances that have undergone Freon removal with an “X”.
Records of Freon removal or damaged Freon lines are kept at the scalehouse. The appliance is
then stockpiled with the other metals. The metals are stored on-site until they are removed to a
recycling facility. Removal of white goods and scrap metal are usually bid out on a $/ton basis.
Market conditions and the contractor determine the scrap yard which can range from Winston
Salem, NC to Norfolk, Va. The County handles approximately 4 tons of metals for recycling per
month.

Land Clearing Debris
The County receives land clearing debris from Granville County and the surrounding counties of
Durham, Franklin, Person, Vance and Wake. The municipalities of Oxford, Butner, Creedmoor,
Stem and Stovall will also be served. Land clearing debris consists of solid waste generated solely
from land clearing activities.

The facility receives on average 45 tons of this type of waste per month. This material is stockpiled
and ground as needed. Once ground, the material is used on site for erosion control.

The land clearing debris area is located east of Unit 1 and south of Unit 2 as shown on Drawing
No. OP-01.

Operations Plan 6 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
Asbestos Waste Management
The Oxford facility may dispose of asbestos within the MSW landfill. Asbestos will only be
accepted if it has been processed and packaged in accordance with State and Federal (40 CFR 61)
regulations. Asbestos will arrive at the site during morning operating hours in vehicles that contain
only the asbestos waste and only after a minimum 24-hour advance notification by the generator.

Once the hauler brings the asbestos to the landfill, the hauler will be directed to the designated
asbestos disposal area by operating personnel. The designated disposal area will be prepared by
operations personnel by leveling a small area using a dozer or loader. Prior to disposal, the landfill
operators will stockpile cover soil near the designated asbestos disposal area. The volume of soil
stockpile will be sufficient to cover the waste and provide any berms, etc. to maintain temporary
separation from other landfill traffic.

Once placed in the prepared area, the asbestos will be covered with a minimum of 18 inches of
daily cover soil placed in a single lift. The surface of the cover will be compacted and graded
using a track dozer or loader. The landfill compactor will be prohibited from operating over
asbestos disposal areas until at least 18 inches of cover are in place.

The landfill staff will visually record the approximate location and elevation of asbestos waste
once cover is in-place. The Solid Waste Director will then review pertinent disposal and location
information to assure compliance with regulatory requirements and enter the information into the
Operating Record. Asbestos location information is known by landfill staff and available to the
Department upon request.

Once disposal is completed, the area may be covered with waste. No excavation into designated
asbestos disposal areas will be permitted.

Recyclables
The landfill’s convenience center also collects household recyclables such as aluminum cans, steel
cans, newspaper, motor oil, vegetable oil, antifreeze, glass, PET Plastics, and cardboard.
Used oil is picked up by Noble Oil when the facility has collected 350 gallons.

The facility name, physical address, permit number (if applicable), phone number and/or email
address for current contractors being used for transporting, treating, processing, and/or disposing
of recyclable material will be maintained in the facility Operating Record.

Sludge
The landfill may accept wastewater treatment sludges in accordance with the following
conditions:
x Co-disposal with waste in a permitted MSW landfill facility; or
x Utilized as a soil conditioner and incorporated into or applied onto the vegetative growth
layer but in no case greater than six inches;

Additional information about the facility’s management of special waste can be found in the
Granville County Solid Waste Management Plan.
Operations Plan 7 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

3.6 Litter Control

Prompt compaction of the waste at the working face will be the first method used to control
blowing litter. Temporary fences and/or dikes may be constructed to contain windblown material
during operations. In addition, landfill personnel will pick up windblown litter as necessary each
working day and return it to the working face.

3.7 Equipment

Equipment will be needed for spreading and compacting wastes, hauling, spreading and
compacting cover material, for support functions such as access road construction and
maintenance, dust control, mud control and drainage channel excavation.

The following table outlines the equipment, personnel, and working face requirements necessary
for the proper operation of the facility, based on average waste intake rates.

TABLE 1
EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL GUIDE
Average
Waste
Intake
Range
(tons/day*)
Required Equipment Type and Use
Minimum
Operating
Units
Required
Minimum Personnel
Required per Shift
0-500 Water Dispersion Equipment
Dozer (spread refuse and cover, compact waste, berm
construction)
Compactor (compact waste and cover material)
Truck and or scraper pans (haul refuse and cover material)
Excavator (optional - excavate soil if pan not used)
Scales
1
1
1
2
1
1
Scale Operators: 1
Equipment Operators: 3
Maintenance Workers: 1
Laborers: 1

500-1,000 Water Dispersion Equipment
Dozer (spread refuse and cover, compact waste, berm
construction)
Compactor (compact waste and cover material)
Truck and or scraper pans (haul refuse and cover material)
Excavator (optional - excavate soil if pan not used)
Scales
1
2
2
2
1
1
Scale Operators: 1
Equipment Operators: 4
Maintenance Workers: 1
Laborers: 1

Notes:
1. Dozer, Compactor, Truck, and Excavator (or Loader), and Water Dispersion Equipment sizes will vary to match operating needs.
Each piece of equipment is matched with one or more operators to meet personnel needs over the daily operating period.
2. Equipment calculations are based on 10-hour operations and Bomag 671 Compactor (weight 70,000 lbs. min.), and CAT Track-Type
Tractor (dozer) type D-7 (55,000 lbs. min) in combination with CAT tracked loader model 973 (58,000 lbs. min.) typical.
3. In the event that operations are for other than 10 hours, equipment needs will be adjusted proportionally.
The amount of equipment on site should provide the necessary backup in the event of an
emergency situation.

3.8 Air Quality

The facility will maintain all necessary compliance with the Division of Air Quality. Open burning
of waste, including yard waste and brush, is prohibited at the landfill.

Operations Plan 8 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
3.9 Dust, Odor, Fire and Vector Control

To minimize dust related to waste hauler traffic, road surfaces are sprayed with water from a water
truck as needed during windy, dry weather.

Odors and disease vectors will be controlled by promptly covering the waste at the working face,
and by use of the daily cover. Daily cover is described in more detail in a subsequent section.

Incoming loads of waste are observed by site operators and scalehouse attendants for evidence of
fire such as flames, smoke, or the odor of burning material. Inspections will be conducted in a
designated area near the working face of the landfill. Burning loads will be extinguished before
dumping if possible. The waste will be removed or segregated from other waste in the disposal
area. The landfill operator will perform an evaluation of the situation to determine whether the
fire can be extinguished using fire extinguishers or other equipment present at the site, or if off-
site equipment will be needed. If necessary, the local fire department will be called to render
assistance in extinguishing the fire. Fires that occur at the landfill will be reported verbally to the
Division within 24 hours and in writing within 15 days. A copy of the Fire Occurrence Notification
Form is in Appendix 7.

If a fire occurs at the waste disposal area, the operator first observing the fire will immediately
radio the landfill office to report the size of the fire and request backup. If possible, the waste will
be removed or segregated from other waste in the disposal area. Following segregation, the
situation will again be evaluated to determine whether or not additional assistance will be
necessary from off-site emergency personnel and handled as described above.

Fire extinguishers are located on each piece of equipment on site. Equipment operators are trained
annually in the use of these extinguishers. Fire extinguishers will be used for small, localized fires.
A stockpile of soil is maintained near the working face to be used for extinguishing small surface
fires that may be too large to control with the fire extinguishers carried on the landfill equipment.
Emergency personnel will be notified in the case of fires too large to be extinguished with fire
extinguishers or soil as described above. Water contained in sedimentation ponds can serve as
emergency reservoirs to aid local firefighters in the extinguishing of larger fires.

3.10 Scavenging/Salvaging

The unauthorized removal of waste, or scavenging, is prohibited at the landfill. Landfill personnel
may remove recyclable salvageable materials and process them through the County’s recycling
program.

3.11 Type 1 Composting Facility

3.11.1 Waste Quantities

The County receives yard trash from Granville County and the surrounding counties of Durham,
Franklin, Person, Vance and Wake. The municipalities of Oxford, Butner, Creedmoor, Stem and
Operations Plan 9 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
Stovall will also be served. This waste consists of solid waste resulting from landscaping and yard
maintenance such as brush, grass, tree limbs, and similar vegetative material. The composting
facility covers approximately 1.9 acres.

Accurate records of incoming waste should be kept at the scalehouse. These records should
differentiate between loads of brush, clean wood, and loads of leaves or grass clippings.

3.11.2 Design Considerations

Design Capacities and Product Quality

The facility currently receives an average of 43 tons per year of yard trash. This material is
windrowed as received.
The following table summarizes the design criteria used to verify adequate space at the facility for
the composting operation. As a factor of safety, it was assumed that the density of the product
remains the same as the incoming waste stream.

Total waste stream (by weight) 43 tons (annual)
Density (assumed average) 500 lb/cubic yard
Composting waste stream (by volume) 172 cubic yards
Cross-section windrow 2' (top) x 15' (base) x 4' (ht) 34 square feet
Total length windrow required 10 feet
At 10' length 1 windrow needed annually
With 15' base and 10' aisle, total acreage required 0.006 acres maximum
(running 1 windrow at a time)

The site is designed with a working area for the Type 1 facility of approximately 0.15 acres as
illustrated on Drawing No. OP-01. Sufficient room is available for the operation of 2 windrows.

Site Plan

The composting facility is located north of the scalehouse. The location is shown on Drawing No.
OP-01.

3.11.3 Operations

General Description

Incoming yard trash is weighed and directed to the yard trash collection and composting area. The
yard trash is stockpiled and moved by landfill personnel into the windrow. The yard trash is
formed into windrows using a front end loader. The windrows are spaced approximately 10 feet
apart and each has a east/west orientation and the following geometry: 4 feet high x 15 feet wide
at base x 2 feet wide at top. An aisle of 25’ is maintained on the east side of the windrows for
emergency access.
Operations Plan 10 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
Once the windrow is formed, it will be turned several times using a front end loader to mix the
materials. If necessary, water will be added as the windrow is constructed and then periodically
during the stabilization process. The pile will be sprayed as it is turned on an as needed basis. For
optimum composting the moisture should be maintained between 45% and 60%. Dryer than 45%
and the microbial action is slowed; higher than 60% and the material becomes difficult to handle
and difficult to aerate.

The temperatures are taken at a minimum of each third (3 separate places) of the windrow. It is
suggested that the temperature be controlled by turning (aerating) to assure that the compostable
material is maintained at an optimum range for decomposition (between 104oF and 113oF) and
then allowed to elevate to 131oF where it must be maintained for a period of 3 consecutive days
as required by Rule .1406(10). When the temperature within the windrow falls below 120oF –
130oF during the final stages of composting, the windrow is turned. Windrow construction and
turning frequency will be sufficient to maintain aerobic conditions to produce a compost product
in the desired time frame. Separate records are kept for each windrow. Once a windrow is
constructed, it is assigned an I.D. number and folder which are used over the lifespan of the
windrow. Every time windrow data is taken, it is documented and logged in the folder.
A nitrogen source may be added to the yard waste as needed to promote the compost process. The
County uses calcium nitrate when necessary. The calcium nitrate is spread by hand and
mechanically mixed.

The process of stabilization is expected to take 3 days. The final time frame is a function of
material density, material type, moisture and operational controls.

Once the windrow begins to cool indicating stabilization, the County screens the material and the
larger particles are reused in the process or used as woodchips or mulch. By keeping the coarser
materials in the compost, it enables more oxygen to get into the windrows and produces more
compost in the finished product. The compost is now stockpiled. Depending on the end use
requirements, the compost may be screened again prior to stockpiling if a finer screen is available.
The larger particles would be either reused in the process or used as a coarser product.

If the material is free of sharp particles, has no offensive odor, and has minimal pathogens, it may
be used in an unrestricted way.

Once the compost meets the regulatory requirements for distribution to the public, it can be
released for use. As the public obtains the material they must be given the information indicated
in Section 3.11.8.

3.11.4 Waste Acceptance Rule .1406 (6)

The Type 1 compost facility will accept only grass, leaves, brush, tree limbs, and similar vegetative
material. No municipal solid waste (MSW), hazardous waste, asbestos containing waste, land
clearing debris, or medical waste shall be accepted at the facility. The County accepts yard trash
in a non-bagged state or in approved biodegradable bags. Deliveries are monitored at the site. The
County anticipates little contamination of the material.

Operations Plan 11 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
3.11.5 Monitoring Requirements Rule .1406 (9)

The windrows are monitored for temperature daily. A log will be kept of all temperature readings,
which includes the location of the probes. A copy of the temperature log is contained in Appendix
4.

Moisture should be kept in the range of 45% - 60%. Water should be added as required to stay
within this range. Temperature will be monitored daily until readings of 131°F are achieved for
three (3) consecutive days. To monitor temperature, the probe should be inserted 12"- 24" every
50' along the windrow at a 45° - 90° angle.

3.11.6 Temperature Parameters Rule .1406 (10)

For Type I facilities, the compost process must be maintained at or above 55°C (131°F) for 3
consecutive days and aerated to maintain elevated temperatures.

3.11.7 Addition of Nitrogen Bearing Materials Rule .1406 (13)

Nitrogen compounds may be added as necessary to adjust the nutrient balance for optimum product
development. Only approved waste materials (i.e. grass clippings, leaves) or chemical compounds
may be added. Nitrogen rich materials can decompose rapidly and cause odor problems. Materials
such as grass clippings must be incorporated into the process as soon as possible.

To determine if nitrogen is necessary, the carbon to nitrogen ratio should be calculated. For proper
composting, this ratio should be greater than 25:1, but less than 40:1 at the start of composting.
Incoming materials have the following estimated ratios:
x Grass clippings 12 - 15:1 x Dry leaves 40:1 x Paper and wood 200:1 x Sawdust 200 - 500:1

Thus, adjustment may be necessary after grinding, screening and blending the feedstock materials.

3.11.8 Classification/Distribution of MSW Compost Products Rule .1407

Requirements

For unrestricted use, the finished Type I compost must meet the following criteria:
x Minimal pathogenic organisms
x Free from offensive odors x Containing no sharp particles x Man-made inerts do not exceed 1 inch in size

Operations Plan 12 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
If these criteria are met then the finished compost material will be marketed to residents of the
County and surrounding areas with directions provided.

Labeling

When the Type 1 compost material is to be marketed to the public, sufficient information should
be provided to the public to:

x Inform users of the benefits of using compost
x Advise users on suggested uses of product
x Inform users of cautions in using product
x Inform users of composition of the material including nutrients and contaminants
x Inform users of source of feedstock

Appendix 5 includes samples of informative brochures that may be provided to the end user.

4.0 RANDOM WASTE SCREENING PROGRAM

4.1 Authority

The following “Random Waste Screening Program” has been developed in accordance with North
Carolina's Solid Waste Management Regulations, Rule .0544(e) and .1626(1)(f) for the landfill.
The program is primarily used to detect hazardous waste that is mixed with waste. However, the
same methodology can be used to keep hazardous wastes and prohibited wastes out of the landfill.
Key elements addressing waste screening are as follows:

No hazardous or liquid wastes as defined in 15A NCAC 13A, municipal solid
waste, or materials offering an undue hazard to landfill personnel or the landfill
operations shall be accepted at the landfill except as specifically authorized by the
facility permit or by the Division. The owner or operator has implemented an
inspection program to detect and prevent disposal of unpermitted wastes, hazardous
and liquid wastes, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). This program includes, at
a minimum:

y Random inspections of incoming loads, unless the owner or operator takes other steps
to ensure that incoming loads do not contain municipal solid waste, regulated hazardous
or liquid wastes, or PCB wastes;
y Records of any inspections;
y Training of facility personnel to recognize municipal solid waste, regulated hazardous
or liquid wastes, or PCB wastes; and
y A contingency plan to properly manage any identified unpermitted or hazardous and/or
liquid wastes.

Operations Plan 13 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
4.2 Random Selection

Random selection of vehicles to be inspected will be conducted on a regular basis, depending on
personnel available. At least one vehicle per week, but not less than one percent by weight of the
waste stream (based on the previous week’s total) will be randomly selected at the working face
by the personnel conducting the inspection. A random truck number and time will be selected
(i.e., the tenth load after 10:00 a.m.) on the day of inspections.

4.3 Record Keeping

Report forms for record keeping purposes are included in Appendix 1. These forms will be
completed at each inspection. All reports and resulting correspondence will be maintained at the
County Landfill office for the life of the landfill and during the post-closure period.

4.4 Training

The Landfill Operations Manager and/or staff from the Department of Solid Waste who are trained
to identify and manage MSW waste and hazardous and liquid waste will supervise inspections.
Landfill operators, recycling attendants, and landfill clerks responsible for screening waste will be
properly trained to identify hazardous and liquid waste.

4.5 Inspection Site Location

Inspections will be conducted in a designated area near the working face of the landfill.

4.6 Action Plan

The following action plan details the procedure to follow for conducting the random waste
inspections.

1) Dump single load in prepared area. Detain truck and driver until inspection is completed.

2) Spread waste with compactor and/or hand tools as appropriate. Hand rake loads that
include items such as large closed containers to avoid possible rupturing of the containers. Have
appropriate safety equipment present. Minimum safety equipment will include:

x Rubber gloves;
x Rubber boots;
x Safety glasses; and
x Long handled hoe

3) Examine waste for excluded waste and/or safety hazards:

x Containers labeled hazardous;
x Excessive or unusual moisture;
Operations Plan 14 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
x Regulated biomedical (red bag) waste;
x Powders, dusts, smoke, vapors, or chemical odors;
x Sludges, pastes, slurries, or bright colors (such as dyes); and
x Unauthorized out-of-County waste

4) Take appropriate action(s) as follows:
x Incorporate acceptable waste into working face. Facility personnel, especially the landfill
operator and scalehouse attendant, should be familiar with the acceptable and unacceptable
waste materials and the control measures necessary to prevent unacceptable wastes from
being disposed of at this facility.
x Hold suspect waste for identification by on-site personnel and, if necessary, confirmation
by others such as a contract laboratory, hazardous waste management firm, or state and/or
federal regulator;
x Interview driver and hauler to identify the source of suspect waste in the load;
x Hold rejected hazardous or liquid waste for generator; and
x Arrange for hazardous or liquid waste collection by a collector licensed to store, transport,
and dispose of hazardous waste according to federal and state requirements.

5) Document Actions:

x Record Inspection;
x Retain Reports; and
x Report hazardous, liquid or PCB wastes to Solid Waste Section – NCDEQ. A verbal notice
to the Division within 24 hours and a written notice shall be submitted within 15 days.

In the event hazardous, liquid, and/or PCB wastes is placed on the working face. The hauler will
be retained and requested to remove the waste from the facility. However, if the hauler is unable
to be retained or identified the landfill operator will immediately act to contain the area. A
hazardous waste management firm will be contacted to remove and properly dispose of the waste.

5.0 SUBCELL PROGRESSION AND WASTE PLACEMENT

5.1 MSW Landfill

5.1.1 Subcell Progression

The method of filling shall be the area method in accordance with the previously submitted and
approved plans. Phase 1 was constructed with stormwater segregation features to limit the potential
of stormwater runoff to become leachate.

Future phases inactive areas will be separated from the active area by the use of a temporary berms
and a rainflap to segregate the uncontaminated runoff. Stormwater will be removed from the cell
with electric and portable pumps and placed into a drainage area leading to sediment basin SB-4
located north of Unit 2. As filling progresses to the remaining Phase area, the rainflap and berms
Operations Plan 15 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
will be removed. The date of the rainflap and berm removal will be documented and kept with the
facility’s operating records.

5.1.2 Waste Placement and Compaction

The waste will be tipped in the active area as closely as possible to the working face, and pushed
if necessary to the desired area. The length of the daily working face will be maintained at
approximately 100 feet in order to provide adequate space for several trucks to dump at the same
time. The width of the working face varies somewhat depending on the rate of waste acceptance
on a given day, weather conditions and other factors, but should be maintained as small as possible.
The waste shall be compacted as described below with steel-wheeled compactors (see equipment
list earlier in section 3.7).

To minimize the chance of damage to the liner in any new subcell, the initial lift of waste will be
at least 5 feet thick, and will consist of only residential, non-bulky waste. Compaction will be
minimal because later lifts will surcharge the initial lift so that there is no net loss of density.
Typical compaction procedures above the initial lift will involve placement of waste in thin layers
(1-2 feet thick) on 4H:1V slope and not to exceed 3H:1V. The compactor will roll a minimum of
three times across the waste. The compaction effort will extend slightly past the waste to prevent
wind-blown material leaving from the edge of the lift. Calculations have determined that the
approximate in-place density of waste and soil combined is around 1,000 pounds per cubic yard.
The waste density calculation will be reviewed periodically. Operational procedures may be
revised to improve the efficiency of the site.

5.1.3 Filling Operations

The waste will be compacted according to the procedures described above. Each lift of waste shall
be approximately 10 feet thick, including an allowance for weekly cover. The proposed waste to
total soil volume ratio is approximately 7:1. The size of the working face will be maintained as
small as possible. The width of the working face will vary, depending on the rate of waste
acceptance on a given day and weather conditions.

5.1.4 Daily Cover

At the end of each day's operation, compacted waste in the subcell will be covered with a tarp
using two bulldozers and two men. Every Friday, a minimum of six inches of soil is used to cover
the waste. The cover soil shall be compacted with minimum of two passes with the compactor.
Waste may be covered more frequently than once per day if necessary to control fires, odors, or
blowing litter.

5.1.5 Intermediate Cover

In areas where another lift of waste will not be placed for at least 12 months, an additional 6 inches
of soil shall be placed over the daily cover for a total of 12 inches of intermediate cover. Provisions
Operations Plan 16 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
for a vegetative ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion shall be accomplished within 30
working days or 120 calendar days following completion of each phase of development.

5.1.6 Alternate Cover Material

Granville County plans to use a synthetic tarp, an approved alternative daily cover (ADC) material
listed in the Solid Waste Section’s Document # 723214, as the ADC for the active area of the
landfill. The synthetic tarp will consist of high density polyethylene tapes coated on each side with
a low density polyethylene. The specifications of the ADC-Tarp are provided in Appendix 3 of
this section. The tarp will be applied by hand or landfill equipment.

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMS

6.1 Water Quality

The Water Quality Monitoring Plan for the MSW Landfill was prepared by Joyce Engineering in
June 2009. A more recent Water Quality Monitoring Plan for the Oxford Landfill Unit 1 was
prepared by Joyce Engineering and submitted to NCDEQ in May 2014.

6.2 Landfill Gas

The Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan for the facility was submitted by Joyce Engineering to NCDEQ
in August 2014.

7.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

Erosion and sediment control features have been designed in accordance with all applicable
requirements, as will all future structures. The erosion and sediment control features will prevent
silt from leaving the facility, as well as, prevent excessive on-site erosion. As required, the facility
will be operated in a manner which will not cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the
United States, including wetlands, that violates any requirements of the Clean Water Act,
including, but not limited to, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
requirements, pursuant to Section 402. The facility will not cause the discharge of a nonpoint
source of pollution to waters of the United States, including wetlands, that violates any requirement
of an area-wide or State-wide water quality management plan that has been approved under Section
208 or 319 of the Clean Water Act, as amended.

Surface water shall be diverted from the operational area and shall not be impounded over or in
waste. Drainage structures and embankment slopes are regularly inspected for erosion, and
maintained as needed. The vegetation on the slopes is mowed at least once a year. These slopes
are maintained with reseeding, fertilizer, and other means, as necessary, to promote a healthy stand
of vegetation.

Operations Plan 17 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
8.0 RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS

The following Operating Records are maintained at the landfill office and made available to the
Division upon request:
y Operating Permit and pertinent correspondence;
y Operation Plan;
y Emergency Response Plan;
y Inspection records, waste determination records, and waste screening programs
training procedures;
y Amounts by weight of all waste received at the facility including source of generation;
y All financial assurance documentation including detailed cost estimates submitted to
the Division for closure, post-closure care and any corrective action programs;
y Water Quality Monitoring Plan and any demonstration, certification, finding,
monitoring, testing, or analytical data required by the approved water quality
monitoring program at the site;
y Gas monitoring plan, monitoring results and remediation plans developed in
accordance with Division requirements if required in response to elevated gas
concentrations;
y Documentation of stormwater segregation devices removal and leachate piping
y Leachate disposal documentation, generation records, and monitoring sample results;
y Safety training records.

9.0 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR UNIT 2, PHASE 1 MSW LANDFILL

9.1 Maintenance of the Leachate Collection System

The operator will conduct weekly inspections of the leachate collection and storage system. The
weekly inspection will consist of inspecting the forcemain and its appurtenances, overfill
prevention equipment, the truck filling station, and the exterior of the tank for leaks, corrosion,
and maintenance deficiencies. If there are any deficiencies, remedial measures will immediately
be taken to correct the deficiencies. At least once every five years, the leachate collection and
removal (LCR) piping shall be cleaned and inspected by a remote camera. The LCR inspection
and cleaning record will be placed in the operating record. Inspection reports will be maintained
and made available throughout the lifetime of the storage system. Leachate levels in the storage
tank will be monitored daily and recorded. Cleanouts are provided to allow access to the leachate
collection system. In accordance with state law, water under pressure and mechanical methods
through these cleanouts are periodically used as preventive maintenance of the piping system.
Only certified explosion-proof equipment will be used for video inspections in accordance with
OSHA requirements. Maintenance needs will be re-evaluated if there is an unexpected change in
leachate production rates.

9.2 Leachate Generation Records

The volume of leachate in the tank is monitored daily. Flow meters in the side slope riser and the
pumping station will be used to record daily flows. Leachate is anticipated to be hauled at least
Operations Plan 18 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
once a week from the facility. The frequency may change depending on the amount of leachate
generated, but per the agreement with City of Oxford, the monthly average amount of leachate
disposed of cannot exceed 15,000 gallons per day. The County maintains records of leachate
hauled from the leachate tank at the landfill to a wastewater treatment plant. Records will be
maintained at the landfill throughout the operating life and during the post-closure care period. In
addition to leachate generation quantities, the County maintains analytical data from leachate
sampling events.

9.3 Leachate Monitoring

The chemical composition of untreated leachate will be analyzed as required by the treatment
facility. The leachate will be collected into laboratory provided containers directly from a
sampling port on the piping connected to the storage tank. The leachate will be analyzed semi-
annually for the Detection Monitoring constituents (EPA Appendix I list from Subtitle D) required
by Rule.1633, and for pH, specific conductance, BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate and sulfate. Test
results will be submitted to the Solid Waste Section as required.

9.4 Leachate Disposal

Leachate from Unit 2, Phase 1 flows by gravity to a sump located in the northwest corner of Unit
2. Leachate from the Unit 2, Phase 1 sump is pumped from the landfill area via side-slope riser
directly to the leachate storage tank. The leachate will be periodically removed from the tank by
pumping into a tanker truck for transport to the City of Oxford wastewater plant for treatment and
disposal. An agreement with the City of Oxford is in place for the discharge of wastewater from
the landfill to the plant (see Appendix 2). Although no pretreatment of the leachate is currently
required, the new tank is designed so that a pretreatment system can be retrofitted if necessary for
future treatment.

9.5 Contingency Plan for Extreme Conditions

The landfill staff hauls leachate from the tank to the wastewater treatment plant using three
dedicated tanker trucks by a private hauler. If required, additional hauling capacity will be
obtained from subcontract haulers or by the rental of additional tanker trucks. Truck drivers shall
remain with their vehicle during loading to provide continuous visual inspection to prevent
overfilling or accidental release. For any observed leak, action is taken to properly contain or
remove accumulations of leachate. If the leak is sufficiently large enough to cause accumulation
in a contained area, the leak will be promptly corrected or repaired. To prevent overflow at the
storage area, the leachate collection tank is accompanied with a high level alarm and the tank is
surrounded by a secondary storage tank to prevent spills due to tank failure. If for some reason the
receiving facility no longer accepts the leachate, it will be pre-treated to facilitate acceptance, or
hauled to another POTW or commercial pretreatment facility.

Operations Plan 19 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
9.6 Handling Leaks and Stormwater in the Leachate Collection Tank Area

Being an above ground tank, any leaks in the primary containment system will be readily apparent
during routine operations and inspections. If a leak develops in either the primary containment
tank, or piping leading to or from the tank, any water (stormwater or otherwise) that has
accumulated in the secondary containment area will be treated as leachate and pumped back into
the primary containment area for disposal. For normal storm events in which rainwater
accumulates in the secondary containment area, the Operator will verify that there are no visible
leaks in the system and then may discharge the rainwater into the surface stormwater management
system.

9.7 Operations in the Leachate Loadout Area

Appropriate warning signs will be posted in the filling station that relate to safe operations around
the loading area. Smoking is not allowed on the landfill property. Site speed limits will be posted,
although not necessarily in the leachate loading area. The facility does have traffic signs and
markers to promote orderly traffic patterns and to maintain safe and efficient operating conditions.
The capacity of the loadout area spill containment collection basin is approximately 186 ft3 or
approximately 1,400 gallons. Small spills will be allowed to evaporate from the concrete basin,
and a dedicated pump for this area will load larger spills into the tanker truck or a vacuum truck
may be used. In the event that the system is inundated and leachate leaves the area, the County
will follow spill response procedures as outlined in the site NPDES permit.

10.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN

This section details the Contingency Plan for the Oxford Landfill facility. This plan has been
developed to protect human health and the environment from fires, explosions, or any unplanned
sudden or non-sudden release of hazardous waste to the air, soil, or surface water.

The Landfill Manager and serves as the Primary Emergency Coordinator (PEC). He can be
reached at the following numbers:

PHONE: [phone]
Depending on the type of emergency, all or some of the following agencies will be notified as soon
as possible:
County Emergency Preparedness Agency 911
Fire Department 911
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) 911

10.1 Implementation

If an emergency situation develops at the facility, the person discovering the emergency should
contact the emergency coordinator immediately. The decision to implement the Contingency Plan
depends upon whether or not a situation exists which presents a threat to human health or the
environment. The Contingency Plan should be implemented due to any of the following situations:
Operations Plan 20 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
Personnel Injury
Fire
Explosion
Spills
Potential Hazardous Waste

10.2 Inoperable Periods

In the event of equipment breakdown, adequate backup equipment will be available onsite to
maintain operations, or replacement equipment will be brought onsite within 24 hours. Routine
preventative maintenance will be performed on equipment, including: routine inspections,
following manufacturer’s recommendations, and keeping accurate maintenance records.

The landfill will maintain a soil stockpile onsite to be used to repair and maintain roads to ensure
that all-weather access is maintained.

10.3 Emergency Response Procedures

In the event of an imminent or actual emergency situation, the emergency coordinator will
immediately implement the emergency response procedures as discussed below.

Accident/Injury Response

In the event of an accident or injury, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Notify the PEC immediately;
2) Take action to prevent further injury/damage to personnel or property;
3) Provide emergency first aid;
4) If the injury is deemed serious, obtain additional medical assistance by notifying
EMS. If medical attention is required but ambulance service is not needed, the
injured party should be transported to a nearby medical facility; and
5) The PEC will investigate the accident to gather the facts and determines the causes
of the accident.

Fire in the Waste

In the event of fire in the waste, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Notify the PEC immediately;
2) If the fire is deemed manageable, the fire will be extinguished by covering the
burning waste with soil;
3) If the fire is deemed unmanageable, the area will be evacuated and the fire
department notified; and
4) Incoming solid waste haulers will not be allowed entrance to the landfill until the
fire is extinguished.
Operations Plan 21 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

Equipment Fire

In the event of an equipment fire, the following procedure will be observed:

1) The equipment will be evacuated as quickly and safely as possible;
2) Notify the PEC immediately;
3) If there are injured personnel, implement the procedures discussed in the
Accident/Injury Response section;
4) If the fire is deemed manageable, the fire will be extinguished;
5) If the fire is deemed unmanageable, the area will be evacuated and the fire
department notified;
6) Incoming solid waste haulers will not be allowed entrance to the landfill until the
fire is extinguished; and
7) The PEC will investigate the incident to gather the facts and determine suspected
causes of the fire.
Explosions

In the event of an explosion, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Evacuate the area;
2) Notify the PEC immediately;
3) If there are injured personnel, implement the procedures discussed the
Accident/Injury Response section;
4) If there is a resulting fire, implementation of the procedures discussed in the Fire in
the Waste or Equipment Fire sections;
5) The PEC will investigate the incident to gather the facts and determine suspected
causes of the explosion.

Hazardous and Infectious Waste in Landfill

No hazardous or infectious wastes will be accepted at the site. Vehicles are inspected as stated in
Section 4 – Waste Screening Program.

Explosive Gas Detection

In the event that methane gas levels exceed the limits described in section 1.3 Regulatory Limits
of the Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Put out all smoking materials and turn off all ignition sources;
2) Evacuate all personnel;
3) Vent the structure;
4) Do not allow personnel to reenter the building except to perform gas monitoring
until the results of additional monitoring indicate that methane concentrations are
sustained or stabilized below 25% of the LEL;
Operations Plan 22 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
5) Begin continuous monitoring within the structure;
6) Undertake an assessment to determine the origin and pathways of the gas migration;
and
7) Prepare and implement a remediation plan for methane gas exceedances within 60
days

Spills or Release

In the event of a spill or release, the following procedure will be observed:

1) Notify the PEC immediately;
2) Immediate action will be taken to control/limit the spread of the spill or release;
3) The County Emergency Preparedness Agency will be notified;
4) Perform appropriate cleanup procedures; and
5) The PEC will investigate the incident to gather the facts and causes of the spill or
release.
Evacuation Plan

The PEC is responsible for determining whether or not an emergency situation warrants evacuation
of the facility. If conditions warrant, the following actions will be taken:

1) The PEC gives the evacuation alarm;
2) All personnel (visitors, contractors, and employees) will be assembled at the main gate;
3) Only qualified personnel may reenter the affected area after approval by the emergency
coordinator;
4) The PEC will make a tally of all facility employees, visitors, and contractors;
5) The PEC or a designated representative will notify the County Emergency Preparedness
Agency; and
6) Reentry to the affected area will be allowed only after the clear signal is given by the PEC.

Report Requirements

A written report detailing the event will be placed in the landfill record and a copy will be sent to
the Department within fifteen days of the incident.

10.4 SEVERE WEATHER CONDITIONS

Ice Storms

An ice storm can make access to the landfill dangerous, prevent movement or placement of
periodic cover, and thus, may require closure of the landfill until the ice is removed or melted.

Heavy Rains

Exposed soil surfaces can create a muddy situation in some portions of the landfill during rainy
periods. The control of drainage and use of crushed stone on unpaved roads should provide all-
Operations Plan 23 Joyce Engineering
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev. September 2014, Rev. November 2015
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019
weather access for the site and promote drainage away from critical areas. In areas where the
aggregate surface is washed away or otherwise damaged, new aggregate should be used for repair.

Intense rains can affect newly constructed drainage structures such as swales, diversions, cover
soils, and vegetation. After such a rain event, inspection by landfill personnel will be initiated and
corrective measures taken to repair any damage found before the next rainfall.

Electrical Storms

The open area of a landfill is susceptible to the hazards of an electrical storm. If necessary,
landfilling activities will be temporarily suspended during such an event. To guarantee the safety
of all field personnel, refuge will be taken in the on-site buildings or in rubber-tired vehicles.

Windy Conditions

The proposed operational sequence minimizes the occurrence of unsheltered operations relative to
prevailing winds. If this is not adequate during a particularly windy period, work will be
temporarily shifted to a more sheltered area. When this is done, the previously exposed face will
be immediately covered with daily cover.

Violent Storms

In the event of hurricane, tornado, or severe winter storm warning issued by the National Weather
Service, landfill operations may be temporarily suspended until the warning is lifted. Daily cover
will be placed on exposed waste and buildings and equipment will be properly secured.

[End]
5105304805004904905005
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PROJECT NO.APPROVEDCHECKEDDRAWNDESIGNEDDATEDATEREVISIONS AND RECORD OF ISSUEBYNOAPPCKSCALE All rights reserved.Ó Joyce Engineering, Inc.DRAWING NO.L:\Granville\2017OXFORD RENEWAL\OPS PLAN\OP-03 STORMWATER SEGREGATION AND PHASING.dwg Layout=Layout1UNIT 2 PHASE 1
YEAR 1 = APPROX. 105,000 CY
0
(FEET)
GRAPHIC SCALE
400200100
0
(FEET)
GRAPHIC SCALE
400200100
0
(FEET)
GRAPHIC SCALE
400200100
UNIT 2 PHASE 1
YEAR 2 = APPROX. 105,000 CY
0
(FEET)
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400200100
0
(FEET)
GRAPHIC SCALE
400200100
UNIT 2 PHASE 1
YEAR 5 = APPROX. 107,000 CY
UNIT 2 PHASE 1
YEAR 4 = APPROX. 105,000 CY
UNIT 2 PHASE 1
YEAR 3 = APPROX. 105,000 CY NC CORP LIC: C-0782GRANVILLE COUNTY OXFORD LANDFILLOXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA2009OP-03
AS SHOWNUNIT 2 PHASE 1PHASING PLANKWBRWHKWBEEA06/12/0910/26/11REVISED PER NCDENR COMMENTS1CDEEAEEA08/23/17SUBMIT PERMIT RENEWALRWHLBBMM9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVDCHARLOTTE, NC 28273PHONE: [phone].1801.111/10/19REVISED PER NCDEQ COMMENTSRWHLBBMM32NOTE:
BASED ON A CAPACITY STUDY PERFORMED ON JULY 20, 2017, THE REMAINING
CAPACITY OF UNIT 2 PHASE 1 WAS ESTIMATED TO BE 527,000 CY. THIS PHASING PLAN
SHOWS THE ESTIMATED ANNUAL DISPOSAL RATE IN UNIT 2 PHASE 1 BASED ON THE
REMAINING CAPACITY AS OF AUGUST 2017..
PREPARED FOR:

GRANVILLE COUNTY
6584 LANDFILL ROAD
OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA 27565

OXFORD LANDFILL
GRANVILLE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
PERMIT NO. 39-01

MSW LANDFILL PERMIT RENEWAL

CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN

JUNE 2009, REVISED JANUARY 2012
REVISED AUGUST 2017, REVISED JANUARY 2019

PREPARED BY:

9731-F SOUTHERN PINE BLVD
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28273
PHONE: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WWW.JOYCEENGINEERING.COM
JEI PROJECT NO 660.1801.11
NORTH CAROLINA CORPORATE LIC: C-0782
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 1 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

VOLUME 2, SECTION VII
CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 CLOSURE ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Closure of Disposal Units ................................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Cap Design .............................................................................................................. 2
1.1.2 Area to Be Capped .................................................................................................. 3
1.1.3 Cap Settlement and Stability ................................................................................... 4
1.1.4 Drainage and Erosion .............................................................................................. 4
1.1.5 Freeze/Thaw Effects ............................................................................................... 4
1.2 Waste Volume ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Closure Plan Schedule ........................................................................................................ 5
1.4 Posting and Baiting ............................................................................................................. 6
1.5 Notification ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Certification ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.7 Closure Cost Estimate ......................................................................................................... 7
2.0 POST-CLOSURE ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................ 7
2.1 Contact ................................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Security ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Post-Closure Maintenance .................................................................................................. 7
2.4 Inspection Plan .................................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Monitoring Plan .................................................................................................................. 8
2.5.1 Groundwater Monitoring ........................................................................................ 8
2.5.2 Surface Water Monitoring ...................................................................................... 9
2.5.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring ......................................................................................... 9
2.5.4 Stormwater, Erosion, and Sedimentation Control Facilities ................................... 9
2.5.5 Leachate Management and Closure Plan ................................................................ 9
2.6 Training ............................................................................................................................. 10
2.7 Post-Closure Land Use ..................................................................................................... 10
2.8 Post-Closure Cost Estimate............................................................................................... 10

APPENDICES

Appendix VII-1 Waste Inventory Calculations
Appendix VII-2 Closure Cost Estimates
Appendix VII-3 Post Closure Inspection Record
Appendix VII-4 Groundwater Monitoring Well Maintenance Record
Appendix VII-5 Methane Monitoring Test Report
Appendix VII-6 Post Closure Cost Estimate

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 2 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

1.0 CLOSURE ACTIVITIES

Pursuant to the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (15A NCAC 13B .1627), this
Closure and Post-Closure Plan is submitted as part of the permit application to construct Unit 2,
Phase 1 of the Oxford Landfill near Oxford, North Carolina. Currently the landfill operates a
C&D Unit on top of a closed MSW landfill. This plan describes proposed closure and post-
closure activities for the proposed Unit 2, Phase 1 MSW facility, site modifications, and site
characteristics. Please note that references are made herein to information and drawings found in
the Facility, Operation, and Engineering Plans in an effort to reduce redundancy in this report.

Grading plans, cap sections, and other aspects related to closure, including phased development,
stormwater management, and erosion and sediment control are discussed in the Facility,
Engineering, and Operations Plans, and are illustrated in the drawings. The Construction Quality
Assurance (CQA) Plan submitted with the Permit to Construct Application in June 2009 by
Joyce Engineering (JOYCE) and revised in January 2012 describes methods and procedures used
in monitoring construction of the closure cap, which can be found Volume 2 Section V of the
Permit to Construct Application. Detailed drawings, specifications, and other documents will be
prepared prior to closure for bidding and construction purposes.

The facility will be closed in accordance with the requirements of EPA's Subtitle D regulations
(40 CFR 258.60) and Rule .1627 of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (15A
NCAC 13 B). The waste disposal areas are proposed to be closed incrementally as described in
the following paragraphs.

1.1 Closure of Disposal Units

1.1.1 Cap Design

Proposed final grading contours for the entire facility are provided on Drawing No. FP-04 of the
Facility Plan. Final contours have been designed with post-settlement surface slopes of at least
five percent on top of the cell. Cross-sectional details of the proposed closure cap are provided
on Drawing No. EP-06. The following components are proposed as shown on the details:

a. Intermediate Cover and Leveling Course - Local soil will be placed over the daily
cover soil to provide at least 12 inches of intermediate cover and a uniform base
for construction of the cap.

b. Passive Gas Vents – Passive gas vents will be installed at a frequency of one per
acre. A typical passive gas vent is detailed on Drawing No. EP-15. Passive
venting of landfill gasses will protect the integrity of the cap by preventing
excessive pressure buildup beneath the cap.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 3 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

c. Gas Collection/Migration Layer – A geonet composite will be installed between
the intermediate cover and the overlying infiltration layer. The geonet composite
will provide a pathway for accumulated gas to move laterally to the gas vents.

d. Infiltration Layer: Clay component: - The infiltration layer is proposed to consist
of a geosynthetic clay liner. This layer will be constructed over the geonet
composite that will serve as the gas migration layer. Installation and testing
requirements for the cap are provided in the Specifications appendix of the
Engineering Plan and the CQA Plan.

e. Infiltration Layer: Geomembrane Component - The geomembrane component of
the infiltration layer will consist of a textured 40 mil flexible membrane cap
(FMC). The membrane will be in direct contact with the underlying layer. The
testing program and quality assurance requirements for the geomembrane are
described in the CQA Plan.

f. Geocomposite Drainage Layer - A drainage layer consisting of a geonet and
geotextile composite will be placed directly over the geomembrane to promote
drainage.

g. Protective Layer - A layer consisting of at least 18 inches of local soil will be
placed above the drainage layer to provide a protective cover for the underlying
cap components. Compaction of the layer will be limited to about 90 percent
(plus or minus three percent) of the Standard Proctor maximum dry density so
that the vegetation can develop a strong root system, and to avoid damage to the
underlying synthetic components.

h. Erosion Layer - A layer of topsoil material or organically amended local soil will
be placed above the protective layer. This soil layer will be at least 6 inches in
thickness. The topsoil material will be lightly compacted so that a good stand of
vegetation can be established. Soil tests will be conducted prior to seeding to
determine if soil additives are needed to establish vegetation.

i. Vegetation - After placement of the erosion layer, the area will be seeded.
Seeding will be accomplished in accordance with the "North Carolina Erosion and
Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual", and recommendations from
local agricultural specialists. Mulch and erosion matting will be used as needed to
control erosion and promote vegetative growth. The vegetative cover will be
inspected regularly. Areas found to be sparsely covered will be revegetated.

1.1.2 Area to Be Capped

The landfill is designed so that closure can occur in stages. Partial closure can occur when final
contours are reached, and the waste appears reasonably stabilized, in a given area. Once an area
of sufficient size to make construction cost-effective has reach final elevations, closure activities
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 4 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

will be carried out according to the schedule presented later in this section. With the construction
of Unit 2 Phase 1 it is anticipated to be partially closed and a section will be incorporated into
Unit 2 Phase 2. However if Unit 2 Phase 2 is not approved for construction the total area for Unit
2 Phase 1 (11 acres) will need to be capped. A cost estimate for closure for this area is provided
as Appendix VII-2.

1.1.3 Cap Settlement and Stability

Non-uniform settlement can be expected over the entire area. The primary mechanism of
settlement is waste consolidation due to decomposition of the landfilled material. According to
Daniel et al, long-term settlement is typically 5 to 15 percent over 20 to 30 years; however,
settlement of about 5 percent can be expected in the first few months following waste placement.
A significant amount of waste consolidation will likely have occurred by the time each portion of
the landfill is closed.

The stability of the proposed cap design under static and seismic conditions has been evaluated
and is included in the Engineering Plan. The standard regulatory cap design was found to be
stable at a slope of 3H:1V.

After the final cap is completed, monthly inspections of the final cover will be conducted to look
for areas of the cap that might have experienced displacement. Should these inspections indicate
problem areas (ponding, exposure of the geomembrane, deep cracks, etc.) repairs will be
initiated as soon as practical.

1.1.4 Drainage and Erosion

A combination of drainage ditches, diversion berms, vegetative cover, and sediment traps and
basins will control drainage and erosion. Construction and design of sediment and erosion
control features will be in accordance with applicable sections of the "North Carolina Erosion
and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual." Drainage will be directed to perimeter
ditches that either exist now or will be constructed. These ditches will receive runoff from the
final cap, conveying the flow to sediment control features. For a detailed discussion regarding
stormwater management and erosion and sediment control, please refer to the Erosion and
Sediment Control Plan submitted under separate cover.

1.1.5 Freeze/Thaw Effects

Based on a published map of frost depths throughout the United States (US Army Corps of
Engineers EM 1110-1-1905, October 1992), the anticipated maximum depth of freeze/thaw
effects on the site is approximately 16 inches. Since the upper 18 inches of final cover soil is not
the low-permeability component of the cap, the effects of freeze/thaw cycles on the closure cap
should not be detrimental to its function.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 5 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

1.2 Waste Volume

An estimate of the quantity of waste to be disposed in Unit 2, Phase 1 is provided in Table 2 of
the Facility Plan. The calculation is based on the airspace provided by proposed base and final
grades, and assumptions regarding the density of waste and the amount of cover soil in the fill.
Allowances for the airspace occupied by the bottom liner and cap were made. The estimate was
determined using the following steps:
1. Estimate the total airspace in cubic yards using AutoDesk Civil3D software. The total
airspace is considered to be the total volume between the bottom of the liner and the top
of the cap system.

2. Estimate the volume (cubic yards) occupied by the liner and cap.

3. Subtract the liner and cap volume from the total airspace volume to estimate the net
airspace available for waste disposal.

4. Assume a waste density of 1,100 pounds per cubic yard (0.55 tons per cubic yard);
multiply the waste volume by 0.55 to convert the waste volume to tons of waste to be
disposed.

Using the above procedure, the estimated total volume of waste that can be disposed in proposed
Unit 2, Phase 1 is approximately 660,000 cubic yards, or approximately 363,000 tons.

1.3 Closure Plan Schedule

As discussed in the Facility Plan, Unit 2 has a projected operating life of approximately 24 years.
Thus, closure of the entire landfill is not anticipated until 2045 assuming waste disposal in Phase
begins in 2021. However, the landfill is designed so that it can be closed incrementally as final
contours are reached in various areas. Prior to beginning final closure, Granville County will
notify the Division that a notice of intent to close the facility has been placed in the operating
record. An itemized list of closure milestones and a proposed schedule follow. Closure activities
are proposed to begin within 30 days of final receipt of waste. Construction of the closure cap is
to be completed within 180 days following the initiation of closure activities. The total length of
the proposed closure period is 210 days following the final receipt of waste.

The approximate closure milestones shown in Table 1 below are proposed for use in tracking the
progress of closure activities. A detailed schedule will be established prior to construction.

Table 1
Proposed Closure Milestones and Schedule
Milestone Proposed Schedule from the Date of
Final Receipt of Waste
Testing of borrow sources Within 6 months prior to closure Grading of intermediate cover Within 30 to 60 days
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 6 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

Milestone Proposed Schedule from the Date of
Final Receipt of Waste
Placement of soil cap 30 to 150 days
Final inspection of cap by P.E. 150 to 180 days
Construction of stormwater controls 90 to 180 days Seeding and mulching 150 to 180 days
Preparation of survey plat 180 to 210 days Submittal of closure certification 180 to 210 days

1.4 Posting and Baiting

At least one sign will remain posted at the entrance to the facility notifying persons of the facility
closing. Also, a notice prohibiting further receipt of waste materials will remain posted at the
entrance. The site will be secured through the use of gates equipped with locks, fencing, and/or
natural barriers. The site will be baited for rodent and vector control before final closure is
initiated.

1.5 Notification

Once closure is complete, a survey plat will be prepared by a registered land surveyor showing
the locations and dimensions of the landfill disposal areas, the locations of groundwater
monitoring wells and gas probes, and the restrictions on future disturbance of the site. A notation
will be recorded on the property deed stating that the land has been used to dispose solid waste
and that its use is restricted under the Closure Plan as required by Rule .1627(c)(8). Copies of
the deed notations as recorded will be placed in the Operating Record and forwarded to the
Division.

1.6 Certification

Upon completion of closure, a licensed professional engineer acting on behalf of the owner will
submit a Certification of Closure to the Division. This Certification will state that the site was
closed in accordance with the Closure Plan and applicable solid waste regulations and laws as
required by Rule .1627(c)(7).

The owner must record a notation on the deed to the landfill facility property at the local county
Registrar of Deeds office, or some other instrument that is normally examined during title search,
and notify the division that the notation has been recorded and a copy has been placed in the
operating record. The notation shall in perpetuity notify any potential purchaser of the property
that the land has been used as a MSW facility and its use is restricted under the closure plan
approved by the Division.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 7 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

1.7 Closure Cost Estimate

An estimate of closure costs is provided in Appendix VII-2. All costs are given in 2017 dollars.

2.0 POST-CLOSURE ACTIVITIES

Post-closure activities will be conducted at the landfill in accordance with Rule .1627 for a
period of 30 years following closure of the landfill. The length of the period can be increased or
decreased in accordance with Division directives.

2.1 Contact

The Granville County Solid Waste Department will handle questions and/or problems which
might occur during the post-closure care period.

CONTACT PERSON: Mr. Jason Falls

OWNER: Granville County, North Carolina

ADDRESS: 6584 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27375

PHONE NUMBER: [phone]
FAX: [phone]

2.2 Security

Access to the site will be controlled by the use of barriers and gates at roadway entrances. These
control devices will be maintained throughout the post-closure care period, and inspected as part
of the monthly inspection program. All barriers and gates will be clearly marked with signs
stating the name and nature of the facility and the person to contact in case of emergency or
breach of security.

2.3 Post-Closure Maintenance

Post-closure maintenance and monitoring will be conducted at the Oxford Landfill for a period
of 30 years after final closure. The Division may decrease the length of the post-closure period if
the owner or operator demonstrates that the reduced period is sufficient to protect human health
and the environment, and the Division approves this demonstration. The period might be
increased by the Division if the Division determines that the lengthened period is necessary to
protect human health and the environment. Access roads extending from the public road towards
the closed unit and monitoring points will be all-weather and conditions will be monitored.
Additional maintenance will be performed as needed to ensure access is maintained at all times.
Monitoring will include semi-annual sampling of groundwater and surface water, quarterly gas
monitoring, and monthly inspection of the final cover and monitoring and control systems.
Maintenance needs identified through the monitoring program will be initiated no later than 60
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 8 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

days after the discovery, and within 24 hours if a danger or eminent threat to human health or the
environment is indicated. Minor cap maintenance may be deferred until there is a sufficient
amount of work to justify the mobilization of equipment and personnel. Unusual or extreme
maintenance needs due to calamities or vandalism might require the implementation of
emergency contract service procedures established by Granville County.

2.4 Inspection Plan

Routine inspections will be conducted throughout the post-closure care period. These
inspections will be carried out monthly unless problems are detected that indicate that more
frequent visits are warranted. Potential impacts to the public and environment will be considered
in determining the inspection frequency. The landfill cover will be inspected throughout the
post-closure care period. It is not expected that the landfill will experience significant
settlement. However, if any areas appear to have settled and standing water is observed, these
areas will be re-graded to promote positive drainage and will be reseeded. Edge-of-waste
markers that were installed during the operation of the landfill will be inspected for preservation.
Additional items to be included in the monthly inspection will be as follows:

x Access and security control
x Final cover settlement, subsidence, and displacement
x Integrity of edge-of-waste markers
x Leachate management and storage systems
x Stormwater management
x Erosion and sediment control
x Gas management
x Groundwater, surface water, and landfill gas monitoring systems
x Vector control

Inspection forms have been prepared for use during each inspection (see Appendix VII-3).
Completed copies of the inspection forms will be kept by the owner, and copies will be
forwarded to the Division for its records.

2.5 Monitoring Plan

2.5.1 Groundwater Monitoring

Groundwater monitoring will occur semi-annually throughout the post-closure care period. The
monitoring schedule will continue as established during the active life of the facility. The
applicable procedures outlined in Rules .1633 through .1637 will be followed through post-
closure as required by site findings. Refer to the Water Quality Monitoring Plan in Section X,
Volume 3 of the original Permit to Construct Application submitted by Joyce Engineering
(JOYCE) in 2009, revised in January 2012, for details regarding the monitoring program.

The post-closure care period for the site is 30 years unless modified by the Division. If the
statistical analysis of the groundwater monitoring data does not indicate degradation to the
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 9 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

quality of the groundwater after the 30-year post-closure care period, a request will be made to
terminate the groundwater monitoring program. All groundwater-monitoring wells will be
maintained so that future monitoring can be resumed if desired. A blank groundwater
monitoring well maintenance record form is provided in Appendix VII-4.

2.5.2 Surface Water Monitoring

Surface water will be monitored according to the Water Quality Monitoring Plan provided in
Section X, Volume 3 of the original Permit to Construct Application submitted by Joyce
Engineering (JOYCE) in 2009, revised in January 2012.

2.5.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring

Landfill gas will be monitored quarterly at permanent gas probes and in all on-site structures. A
typical landfill gas monitoring probe is shown on Drawing No. EP-15. The monitoring schedule
will continue as established during the active life of the facility. Refer to the Operation Plan for
details regarding the landfill gas monitoring program. A blank methane monitoring test report
form is provided in Appendix VII-5.

2.5.4 Stormwater, Erosion, and Sedimentation Control Facilities

Stormwater management features proposed in the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan are
designed to function throughout the post-closure care period. Drainage ditches and sediment
control features will be inspected and maintained as needed to control surface water runoff and
erosion.

2.5.5 Leachate Management and Closure Plan

Leachate management will continue according to the approved practices at the facility during the
post-closure period as long as leachate continues to be generated. The leachate collection system
will be checked periodically and maintained to prevent clogging. Tanker trucks will be used as
needed to haul leachate to the wastewater treatment plant for disposal.

When leachate collection ceases, the following closure activities will be completed within 180
days: Leachate removal pipes will be securely plugged, and liquid and solid waste will be
removed from the storage facilities and associated piping. In accordance with Rule
.1680(f)(3)(B), the double-walled leachate containment tank will be securely fasten to prevent
unauthorized access. The tank will be stenciled with the date of removal. Contaminated subsoils,
structures, and equipment will also be removed. Material that is removed will be disposed in
accordance with applicable requirements.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII- Closure and Post Closure Care Plan 10 Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal June 2009, Revised January 2012
Granville County, North Carolina Revised August 2017, Revised January 2019

2.6 Training

Personnel responsible for conducting monitoring activities, site inspections and maintenance will
be competent individuals trained in the skills needed for their job. Personnel will continue to
receive training as new programs become available.

Groundwater and surface water monitoring will be performed by a qualified firm, and laboratory
analysis will be conducted by a certified environmental laboratory.

2.7 Post-Closure Land Use

The primary land use for the site after closure of the landfill will be open dormant green space.
Limited passive recreational uses may be proposed at a later time. Also, at the end of the solar
project’s life, the solar project will be decommissioned. The solar project site will be returned to
pre-development use, which includes receive, process, and temporarily stockpile yard waste and
land clearing debris, and to conduct active composting activities, with the removal of the solar
array system.

2.8 Post-Closure Cost Estimate

An estimate of post-closure care costs is provided in Appendix VII-6. All costs are given in
2018 dollars.
(End)

Table 2
Estimate of Post-Closure Care Costs:
Oxford Landfill
Unit 2, Phase 1
ITEM UNIT QUANTITY UNIT COST ANNUAL COST
INSPECTIONS/ RECORD KEEPING per trip 4 $500 $2,000
MONITORING
Explosive gases (quarterly) per trip 4 $1,000 $4,000
Groundwater/Surfacewater (semi-annually)
Sampling per trip 2 $4,000 $8,000
Analysis per trip 2 $2,500 $5,000
Reporting per trip 2 $2,500 $5,000
Surface Water (semi-annually) per trip 2 $2,100 $4,200
Leachate sampling and analysis per trip 2 $500 $1,000
Subtotal $27,200
LEACHATE COLLECTION AND TREATMENT allowance 1 $3,600 $3,600
Closure of Leachate Tank allowance 1 $0 $0
Subtotal $3,600
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE
Mowing acre 20 $150 $3,000
Fertilizing (once every 3 years) acre 6.7 $255 $1,700
Reseeding (once every 3 years) acre 6.7 $1,600 $10,667
Vector and Rodent Control acre 20 $30 $600
Subtotal $15,967
WELL MAINTENANCE
Groundwater Wells lump sum 1 $1,000 $1,000
Gas Detection Probes lump sum 1 $500 $500
Subtotal $1,500
CAP REPAIR lump sum 1 $6,000 $6,000
DECOMMISSIONING COST OF SOLAR PROJECT lump sum 1 $117,944 $117,944
(FROM HYPOWER, INC.)
TOTAL OF ABOVE ITEMS $174,211
ENGINEERING - - 3% $5,226
CONTINGENCY - - 5% $8,711
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2009 DOLLARS)=$188,148
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2010 DOLLARS)=ANNUAL 2009 COST ESTIMATE * 1.012 (INFLATION MULTIPLIER) $190,405
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2011 DOLLARS)=ANNUAL 2010 COST ESTIMATE * 1.011 (INFLATION MULTIPLIER) $192,500
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2012 DOLLARS)=ANNUAL 2011 COST ESTIMATE * 1.021 (INFLATION MULTIPLIER) $196,542
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2013 DOLLARS)=ANNUAL 2012 COST ESTIMATE * 1.018 (INFLATION MULTIPLIER) $200,080
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2014 DOLLARS)=ANNUAL 2013 COST ESTIMATE * 1.015 (INFLATION MULTIPLIER) $203,081
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2015 DOLLARS)=ANNUAL 2014 COST ESTIMATE * 1.014 (INFLATION MULTIPLIER) $205,924
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2016 DOLLARS)=ANNUAL 2015 COST ESTIMATE * 1.010 (INFLATION MULTIPLIER) $207,984
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2017 DOLLARS)=ANNUAL 2016 COST ESTIMATE * 1.013 (INFLATION MULTIPLIER) $210,687
TOTAL ANNUAL POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2018 DOLLARS)=ANNUAL 2017 COST ESTIMATE * 1.018 (INFLATION MULTIPLIER) $214,480
TOTAL 30 YEAR POST-CLOSURE COST (IN 2018 DOLLARS)=$6,434,392.29
Notes:
1. All costs include labor by a third party.
2. Water quality monitoring and leachate management costs are estimated.
3. Cost for groundwater wells assumes maintenance of each well during the period.
4. Cost for the gas probes assumes maintenance of each probe during the period.
5. Inflation multipliers source: Division of Compliance & Enforcement, Bureau of Land & Waste Management, NCDEQ.
6. Leachate tank closure assumes salvage or resale value to equal cost to plug leachate lines and remove tank.
Closure and Post Closure Joyce Engineering, Inc.
Oxford MSW Landfill Permit Renewal Rev.January 2019
PREPARED FOR:
GRANVILLE COUNTY
SOLID WASTE DEPARTMENT
P.O. Box 906
OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA 27565
GRANVILLE COUNTY
OXFORD LANDFILL
PERMIT NO.39-01
LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN
JANUARY 2018
REVISED MARCH 2019
PREPARED BY:
AJsJYCE
Q=) A Lal3ella Company
2211 WEST MEADOWVIEW ROAD, SUITE 101
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27407
NC LICENSE NUMBER C-0782
PHONE: [phone]
FAx: [phone]
PROJECT No. 2182022.01
LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN
Granville County
Oxford Landfills
Permit No. 39-01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................1
1.1 Background..................................................................................................................1
1.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology..................................................................................1
1.3 Regulatory Limits.........................................................................................................2
2.0 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING...................................................................................2
2.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Network................................................................................2
2.2 Structure Monitoring....................................................................................................3
2.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring Frequency.............................................................................3
3.0 LANDFILL GAS SAMPLING PROCEDURES..............................................................4
3.1 Detection Equipment....................................................................................................4
3.2 Landfill Gas Sampling Procedure................................................................................4
4.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING.......................................................................4
4.1 Notifications.................................................................................................................5
4.2 Sampling Reports.........................................................................................................5
4.3 Permanent Record Keeping..........................................................................................5
5.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN..................................................................................................5
6.0 CERTIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGIST OR ENGINEER.....................6
7.0 CERTIFICATION OF REGISTERED LAND SURVEYOR..........................................6
8.0 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................6
Drawing
Drawing 1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Network Map
Appendices
Appendix I Solid Waste Section — Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance
Appendix II Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
Appendix III Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Detail
Appendix IV Certification of Professional Geologist or Engineer
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Granville County Oxford Landfills, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
August 2014 (Rev. March 2019)
1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan (LFGMP) will serve as a guidance document for collecting and
monitoring of landfill gas at the Granville County Oxford Landfill Permit No. 39-01. Landfill gas
will be monitored quarterly to ensure that methane concentrations do not exceed the regulatory
limit at the facility boundary or in facility structures. The LFGMP was prepared in accordance
with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NC DENR) Division
of Waste Management Solid Waste Section (SWS) Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance document,
to assure performance standards are met and to protect human health and the environment.
1.1 Background
The Oxford Landfill is located at 6584 Landfill Road, Oxford, Granville County, North Carolina,
near the town of Kinton Fork. The facility is owned and operated by Granville County under
Permit Number 39-01, issued by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR) Solid Waste Section (SWS). The Oxford Landfill consists of two separate
waste disposal units. Unit 1(Permit Number 390 1 -CDLF- 1997) is a former unlined municipal solid
waste (MSW) landfill originally permitted for disposal of domestic, institutional, industrial,
agricultural, and demolition wastes, with an active C&D landfill on top. The Unit 2 landfill (Permit
Number 3901-MSWLF-2012) is a Subtitle-D MSW landfill. Granville County received the Unit
2 Permit to Operate from DENR on February 19, 2013. The county began placing waste in Unit
2 on May 1, 2013.
1.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology
The Oxford Landfill is located in the Carolina Slate Belt of the Piedmont Physiographic Province
of North Carolina. The geologic province is characterized by rolling topography with a thick
mantle of saprolite overlying late -Proterozoic and Paleozoic igneous and metamorphic bedrock.
The Carolina Slate Belt is comprised of 550 to 650 million year old, metamorphosed sedimentary
and volcanic rocks, intruded by granitic rocks.
The Oxford Landfill is underlain by the Flat River Complex, a shallow intrusive complex of
granitic composition, which comprises a large portion of the northern Carolina Slate Belt (Butler,
1991). The landfill is approximately 18 miles east of the Virgilina Synclinorium, approximately
10 miles west of the Nutbush Creek Fault Zone, and approximately 4 miles northwest of the
Durham Basin (Butler, 1991).
Previous investigations discovered limited exposures in the borrow area of a competent, massive,
gray to greenish gray meta -volcanic rock that is moderately fractured with prominent fractures
with near vertical dips and striking approximately N25° to 30°W (Woodward -Clyde, 1994).
Boring logs indicate that the depth to bedrock at Oxford Landfill ranges from 5 to 30 feet below
ground surface. The overlying saprolite consists of brownish sandy to clayey silt (Woodward -
Clyde, 1994).
Groundwater in the Piedmont can occur in substantial volumes where soils and regolith are thick,
but groundwater is typically found in minimal volumes in bedrock, primarily restricted to fractures.
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Granville County Oxford Landfills, Permit No. 39-01 August 2014 (Rev. March 2019)
The water table under the area landfill was encountered in the unconfined aquifer that is mostly in
the transition zone that consists of saprolite and highly fractured bedrock. This unconfined aquifer
is pervasive across the site and generally mimics the surface topography. The saturated portion of
the uppermost aquifer beneath the landfill is vertically continuous to bedrock, and no confining
layers have been encountered during permitting. There is a high degree of connectivity between
the saprolite and underlying fractured bedrock such that they behave as a single continuous aquifer.
Depth to water ranged from 3 to 22 feet below grade.
1.3 Regulatory Limits
North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules 15A NCAC 13B require quarterly monitoring of
methane gas at MSW landfills and quarterly monitoring of methane and other explosive landfill
gasses at C&D landfills to ensure that landfill gas does not exceed the lower explosive limit (LEL)
at the facility boundary or 25 percent of the LEL in facility structures. The LEL for methane equals
5% by volume at standard temperature and pressure. This LFGMP prescribes a routine methane
monitoring program to ensure standards are met and actions to be taken if methane concentrations
exceed specified limits.
2.0 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING
Gas monitoring at the Granville County, Oxford Landfills will be performed throughout the active
and post -closure care period for the facility. At a minimum, quarterly monitoring will be
conducted at all subsurface gas detection probes and facility structures.
2.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Network
The locations of the network of landfill gas monitoring probes are shown on Drawing 1. The
landfill gas monitoring network consists of 10 compliance boundary gas probes (GP -IA, GP -2,
GP-3A, GP-4, GP-5, GP-6, GP-7, GP-10, GP-11, and GP-12), 4 voluntary gas probes (GP-1, GP-3,
GP-8, and GP-9), and 2 structures (scale house and shop). Below is a summary of the construction
data for the gas probes installed in 2011-2012. No data is available for the earlier gas probes.
Gas Probe
ID
Date
Installed
TOC
Stick-up
Feet AGS)
TD
Boring)
Feet BGS)
Top
Screen
Feet BGS)
Bottom
Screen
Feet BGS)
Screened
Lithology
GP-1A 05/06/12 3.00 8.50 3.50 8.50 Saprolite
GP-3A 08/23/11 3.00 10.00 3.00 7.00 Saprolite
GP-11 05/04/12 3.00 15.00 5.00 15.00 Saprolite
GP-12 05/04/12 3.00 18.50 5.00 18.50 Saprolite
TOC = Top of casing. AGS = Above ground surface.
TD = Total Depth. BGS = Below ground surface.
As part of the groundwater corrective action, a landfill gas intercept trench was installed with 6
vents along the northeast corner of the Unit 1 landfill. The landfill gas intercept trench vents will
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Granville County Oxford Landfills, Permit No. 39-01 August 2014 (Rev. March 2019)
2
be voluntarily monitored in conjunction with the quarterly compliance monitoring. The following
table summarizing the landfill gas monitoring network. In addition, the locations of all of the
monitoring probes, structures and trench vents are shown on Drawing 1.
Monitoring Probe Monitoring status Monitoring Unit Total Depth
GP-1 Voluntary Unit 1 Unknown
GP -IA Compliance Unit 1 8.5'
GP-2 Compliance Unit 1 Unknown
GP-3 Voluntary Unit 1 Unknown
GP-3A Compliance Unit 1 10,
GP-4 Compliance Unit 1 Unknown
GP-5 Compliance Unit 1 Unknown
GP-6 Compliance Unit 1 Unknown
GP-7 Compliance Unit 1 Unknown
GP-8 Voluntary Unit 1 Unknown
GP-9 Voluntary Unit 1 Unknown
GP-10 Compliance Unit 1 Unknown
GP-11 Compliance Units 1 & 2 15'
GP-12 Compliance Unit 2 18.5'
Scale House Compliance Units 1 & 2 N/A
Shop Compliance Units 1 & 2 N/A
TV-1 Voluntary Unit 1 N/A
TV-2 Voluntary Unit 1 N/A
TV-3 Voluntary Unit 1 N/A
TV-4 Voluntary Unit 1 N/A
TV-5 Voluntary Unit 1 N/A
TV-6 Voluntary Unit 1 N/A
2.2 Structure Monitoring
There are currently two structures (scale house and shop) on the facility property that will be
monitored for landfill gas. The scale house and shop are shown on Drawing 1.
2.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring Frequency
The landfill gas compliance probes included in this LFGMP will be monitored at least quarterly in
accordance to current regulations.
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Granville County Oxford Landfills, Permit No. 39-01
3
Joyce Engineering
August 2014 (Rev. March 2019)
3.0 LANDFILL GAS SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Landfill gas samples will be collected in accordance with Solid Waste Section's (SWS) Landfill
Gas Monitoring Guidance document. Details ofdetection equipment and sampling procedures are
outlined below.
3.1 Detection Equipment
A portable combustible gas monitor such as the Landtec/QED Gas Analyzer and Gas Extraction
Monitor (GA/GEM) series of instruments or equivalent shall be used to measure the concentration
of combustible gases in units of percent of LEL. The LEL is the lowest percent by volume of a
mixture of combustible gas in air that will propagate a flame at 25 degrees Celsius and atmospheric
pressure. The LEL for methane is 5%.
The gas monitor shall be calibrated to methane using the manufacturer's calibration kit and
procedure before the monitoring activities begin. The calibration gas to be used depends on the
expected levels of methane in landfill gas monitoring probes. If low levels of methane are
expected, 15% CO2/15% CH4 calibration gas should be used. If high levels of methane are
expected, 35% CO2/ 50% CH4 calibration gas should be used. Verification that the equipment was
calibrated in accordance with the manufacture's specifications is required. Calibration information
must be recorded on the Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form.
3.2 Landfill Gas Sampling Procedure
The portable combustible gas monitor will be turned on and allowed to warm up prior to gas
sampling. The static pressure should show a reading of zero before taking the initial sample. The
sample tube shall be purged for at least one minute prior to connecting the sample tube to the
detection well, and then the initial concentration will be recorded. Gas monitoring will continue
until the reading has stabilized. A stable reading is considered to be +/- 0.5% by volume on the
instrument's scale. Once the reading has stabilized for 5 seconds, the reading will be recorded and
the tubing will be disconnected from the valve. These steps will be repeated for each landfill gas
monitoring well.
Gas monitoring in on -site structures will attempt to identify the "worst case" concentrations. The
monitoring locations will be in corners along floors and ceilings, at cracks in the floor, and at other
areas likely to accumulate gas. Gas monitoring will also be conducted in any confined space
requiring the entry of personnel for maintenance or inspection. The monitoring will take place
prior to entry by personnel in accordance with OSHA regulations.
4.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING
The landfill gas data will be recorded in accordance to the SWS's Landfill Gas Monitoring
Guidance document included as Appendix I. The records will be maintained in the landfill
operating record. An example landfill gas monitoring data form is included as Appendix II.
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Granville County Oxford Landfills, Permit No. 39-01 August 2014 (Rev. March 2019)
4
4.1 Notifications
In the event that an exceedance of the regulatory levels is observed, the DENR shall be notified
within 24 hours of the observation, and the monitoring results and a description of the steps taken
to protect human health, shall be placed in the facility's operating record within seven calendar
days of the observation.
4.2 Sampling Reports
The landfill gas monitoring report will be prepared in accordance with the NC DENR Division of
Waste Management Solid Waste Section Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance document. The report
will describe the method of sampling, the date, time, location, sampling personnel, atmospheric
temperature, reported barometric pressure, equipment calibration information, exceptions noted
during sampling, and general weather conditions at the time of sampling, in addition to the
concentration of combustible gases.
4.3 Permanent Record Keeping
A copy of the landfill gas monitoring results and any remediation plans will be maintained in the
landfill operating record. The reports will be maintained at an alternative location near the facility
approved by the Division of Waste Management (Division). If methane gas levels that exceed the
regulatory limits are detected, the County shall submit an electronic report to the Solid Waste
Section electronically within 7 calendar days.
5.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN
If methane gas levels that exceed the regulatory limits are detected, the results shall be reported to
Granville County immediately. The County shall immediately take all necessary steps to insure
protection of human health. Granville County will notify the SWS in via phone or email within 24
hours and in writing (fax and email are acceptable) within 7 calendar days.
If methane levels exceed the LEL in existing gas probes, the need for additional gas probes will
be evaluated, as well as the need for monitoring within any nearby structures in the direction of
the gas migration. If the exceedance is in a gas well not located at or near a property boundary,
additional investigation including use of bar -hole probes or temporary gas probes may be
implemented to determine whether or not the exceedance extends to the property boundary. If
necessary, additional permanent gas probes may be installed between the exceeding well(s) and
the property boundary to demonstrate that the site is in compliance.
If the compliance level (25% LEL) is exceeded in an on -site structure, options will be evaluated
to reduce the current methane levels and to prevent further migration ofmethane into the structure.
At a minimum, the following actions will be taken if the methane concentration exceeds 25% of
the LEL in any structure:
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Granville County Oxford Landfills, Permit No. 39-01 August 2014 (Rev. March 2019)
5
Put out all smoking materials and turn off all ignition sources;
Evacuate all personnel;
Vent the structure;
Do not allow personnel to reenter the building except to perform gas monitoring until the
results of additional monitoring indicate that methane concentrations are sustained or
stabilized below 25% of the LEL;
Begin continuous monitoring within the structure; and
Undertake an assessment to determine the origin and pathways of the gas migration
Within seven calendar days of detection, the monitoring results will be placed in the operating
record and Granville County will indicate actions taken and actions proposed to resolve the
problem. Within 60 days of detection, Granville County will develop and implement a landfill gas
remediation plan for the combustible gas releases and notify the Division that the plan has been
implemented. The plan will describe the nature and extent of the problem and the proposed
remedy.
6.0 CERTIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGIST OR ENGINEER
The landfill gas monitoring plan for this facility must be prepared by a qualified geologist or
engineer who is licensed to practice in the State of North Carolina. The Certification of
Professional Geologist or Engineer form is included as Appendix IV.
7.0 CERTIFICATION OF REGISTERED LAND SURVEYOR
Each constructed landfill gas monitoring well must be surveyed for location and elevation by a
North Carolina Registered Land Surveyor.
8.0 REFERENCES
Brown, Philip M., Chief Geologist, 1985, Geologic Map of North Carolina, The North Carolina
Geologic Survey, scale 1:500,000.
Fetter, C.W., 2001, Applied Hydrogeology, Fourth Edition: Prentice -Hall, Inc..
Johnson, A.I., 1967, Specific Yield - Compilation ofSpecific Yields For Various Materials: U.S.
Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1662-D.
Butler, J. Robert, and Secor, Jr., Donald T., 1991, The Central Piedmont, in Horton, J. W., Jr., and
Zullo, V. A., eds., The Geology of the Carolinas: The University of Tennessee Press, p. 59-78.
Woodward -Clyde Consultants, 1994. Transition Plan, Oxford Landfill Granville County, North
Carolina. April 1994.
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Granville County Oxford Landfills, Permit No. 39-01 August 2014 (Rev. March 2019)
6
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1990-2011, Solid Waste
Management Regulations.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, November 2010, Landfill Gas
Monitoring Guidance.
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Granville County Oxford Landfills, Permit No. 39-01
VA
Joyce Engineering
August 2014 (Rev. March 2019)
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Appendix I
Solid Waste Section — Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE SECTION
LANDFILL GAS MONITORING GUIDANCE
NOVEMBER 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 Introduction..............................................................................................Page 2
Section 2 Factors Influencing Landfill Gas Generation and Migration ..............................Page 3
Section 3 Current Solid Waste Section Rules Pertaining to Landfill Gas Monitoring Page 5
Section 4 Landfill Gas Incidents and Explosions ........................................................Page 9
Section 5 Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells..................................................................Page 11
Section 6 Landfill Gas Monitoring Instrumentation .....................................................Page 14
Section 7 References.........................................................................................Page 17
Section 8 Suggested Outline for a Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan ......................................Page 18
Section 9 Checklist of Items to be Included in a Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan ......................Page 19
SECTION 1 - Introduction
North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules 15A NCAC 13B require quarterly monitoring of methane
gas (at MSW landfills) and quarterly monitoring of methane and other explosive landfill gases (LFG) (at
C&D and other landfills) to ensure that landfill gas does not exceed the lower explosive limit (LEL) at the
facility property boundary or 25 percent ofthe lower explosive limit in facility structures. If the
concentration exceeds the specified limits, steps must be taken to ensure the protection of public health
and a remediation plan must be implemented immediately. A landfill gas monitoring plan is necessary to
ensure that these performance standards are met and this guidance document was developed to assist in
establishing a standardized procedure for the monitoring of landfill gas.
Background
Organic matter in landfills begins to decompose almost immediately after being placed in a disposal site.
Putrescible wastes such as food products and sewage sludges begin to break down by biological processes
very rapidly whereas paper, cardboard or cellulose based materials are slower to decompose. However,
when conditions become favorable, most organic matter will decompose. The decomposition process
typically goes through several stages that depend on conditions such as pH, temperature, and moisture
content. The final stage results in the production of methane and although the rate of production may
vary, most landfills produce methane.
Landfill Gas Generation
Landfill gas is a natural by-product of the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in a landfill. The
composition, quantity and rate of landfill gas generation are dependent on the types of waste that are
decomposing and the level of microbial activity within the wastes. The decomposition of biodegradable
waste begins with aerobic decomposition which lasts until the oxygen in the landfill is depleted. The
anaerobic phase then begins, resulting in landfill gas production.
There are four stages of landfill gas composition: the first stage is characterized by elevated nitrogen
levels and occurs when the landfill is new. The second stage is characterized by elevated carbon dioxide
levels and occurs for a relatively short period of time after the initial stage is complete. The third and
fourth stages are characterized by elevated methane concentrations and represent the active life of a
landfill and the post -closure time frame.
Landfill gas is generally composed of 50-55% methane (CH4); 45-50% carbon dioxide (CO2); less than
5% nitrogen (N2); and less than 1% non -methane organic compounds. These individual gases generally
remain co -mingled and do not naturally separate. The Solid Waste Section (SWS) Rules typically focus
on methane (CH4) and its explosive properties due to public safety issues. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is
also of particular concern in landfills and is typically recognized by its rotten egg odor. H2S is
immediately dangerous to life and health at concentrations of 100 parts per million (ppm).
Landfill Gas Migration
The production of landfill gas creates a positive pressure within the landfill that forces the gas to migrate.
Landfill gas migrates from place to place by diffusion and pressure gradient and will follow the path of
least resistance. Subsurface gas typically migrates above the groundwater table and is restricted laterally
by streams. Porous soils lying above the bedrock can serve as pathways to transmit large volumes of gas.
Underground off -site migration is common and can be facilitated by the presence of pipelines, buried
utility corridors or trenches located within or adjacent to the landfill boundaries. Movement depends on
soil type and moisture, and migration distances of 1,500 feet have been observed. Barometric pressure
also influences movement. Falling barometric pressure allows methane to migrate out of the landfill and
into surrounding areas.
SECTION 2 - Factors Influencing Landfill Gas Generation and Migration
Factors that affect landfill gas generation and migration through the subsurface include the following:
Waste Composition
The production of landfill gas is directly related to the amount of organic matter present in waste. The
bacteria that break down the waste require small amounts of specific minerals such as calcium, potassium,
magnesium and other micronutrients. Bacteria are able to thrive and produce landfill gas ifthe
minerals/micronutrients are present. If the minerals/micronutrients are not present or if substances that
inhibit bacterial growth exist, landfill gas production will occur at a reduced rate. Some forms of organic
matter such as cellulose break down quickly whereas matter such as lignin breaks down more slowly.
The rate at which landfill gas is produced depends on the proportions of each type of organic matter
present in the waste.
Moisture Content
Landfills with higher moisture content generate higher concentrations of landfill gas in earlier stages of
development (such as during leachate recirculation). Moisture accelerates the methanogenic process.
Temperature
Landfill bacteria are temperature dependant. They are able to survive and function below the freezing
point, but they also function well at temperatures up to 65°C. Anaerobic bacteria produce small amounts
of heat and may not be able to maintain the temperature of a shallow landfill when external temperatures
decrease, so LFG generation may exhibit seasonal variations. Saturated landfills may not achieve ideal
temperatures because the bacteria do not generate sufficient heat to raise the temperature of the excess
water. Higher temperatures promote volatilization and chemical reactions with the waste so the trace gas
component of landfill gas tends to increase with higher landfill temperatures.
Age ofLandfill
Typically, landfills have an increasing generation of landfill gas for a number of years until closure at
which time landfill gas generation reaches a peak and begins to subside. An evaluation ofthe age of the
landfill and use of a landfill gas generation curve can be helpful in determining the likelihood of
significant landfill gas concentrations from the landfill.
Landfill Cap
The type or presence of landfill cover can influence landfill gas generation and migration. Although a low
permeability cap will reduce moisture and landfill gas generation over the longer term, initially, the
installation of a landfill cap could drive landfill gas migration further from the landfill in the subsurface
without proper ventilation (either passive or active). This is especially true in the case of unlined
unvented) landfills.
Water Table
Landfill gas movement in unlined landfills may be influenced by groundwater table variations. A rising
water table could cause displacement and force upward movement of landfill gas.
Man-made and Natural Conduits
Structures such as drains, trenches, and buried utility corridors can act as conduits for landfill gas
migration. Geologic features including fractured bedrock, porous soil, and permeable strata also provide
conduits for landfill gas migration
Landfill Liner Conditions
The presence of a Subtitle-D (or equivalent) landfill liner has the capability to limit the lateral migration
of landfill gas in the subsurface. Unlined landfills have no barrier to prevent lateral landfill gas migration
in the subsurface.
Weather Conditions
Barometric pressure and precipitation have significant effects on landfill gas migration. Increased
barometric pressure yields decreased landfill gas venting from the subsurface, until the pressure within the
subsurface is greater than the atmospheric (barometric) pressure. Conversely, as the barometric pressure
decreases, the landfill will vent the stored gas until pressure equilibrium is reached. Capping of a landfill
can influence the effect of barometric pressure on landfill gas migration. Generally, a more permeable
landfill cap will allow greater influence by barometric pressure than a less permeable landfill cap.
SECTION 3 — Current Solid Waste Section Rules Pertaining to Landfill Gas
Monitoring
Web link to the 15A NCAC 13B rules - http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wm/sw/rules
15A NCAC 13B
0101- DEFINITIONS
0 10 1 (14) "Explosive gas" means Methane (CH4)
0101(25) "Lower explosive limit" (LEL) means the lowest percent by volume of a mixture of explosive
gases which will propagate a flame in air at 25 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure.
0503 - SITING AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL FACILITIES
0503(2) A site shall meet the following design requirements:
a) The concentration of explosive gases generated by the site shall not exceed:
i) twenty-five percent of the limit for the gases in site structures (excluding gas control or
recovery system components); and
ii) the lower explosive limit for the gases at the property boundary;
0543 - CLOSURE AND POST -CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR C&DLF FACILITIES
0543(e) Post -closure criteria.
1) Following closure of each C&DLF unit, the owner and operator must conduct post -closure
care. Postclosure care must be conducted for 30 years, except as provided under Subparagraph (2)
of this Paragraph, and consist of at least the following:
C) maintaining and operating the gas monitoring system in accordance with the
requirements of Rule .0544 of this Section; and
2) The length of the post -closure care period may be:
A) decreased by the Division if the owner or operator demonstrates that
the reduced period is sufficient to protect human health and the environment and this
demonstration is approved by the Division; or
B) increased by the Division if the Division determines that the lengthened period is
necessary to protect human health and the environment.
0544 - MONITORING PLANS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR C&DLF FACILITIES
0544(d) Gas Control Plan
1) Owners and operators of all C&DLF units must ensure that:
A) the concentration ofmethane gas or other explosive gases generated by the facility
does not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit in on -site facility structures
excluding gas control or recovery system components);
B) the concentration of methane gas or other explosive gases does not exceed the lower
explosive limit for methane or other explosive gases at the facility property boundary; and
C) the facility does not release methane gas or other explosive gases in any concentration
that can be detected in offsite structures.
2) Owners and operators of all C&DLF units must implement a routine methane monitoring
program to ensure that the standards ofthis Paragraph are met.
A) The type of monitoring must be determined based on soil conditions, the
Hydrogeologic conditions under and surrounding the facility, hydraulic conditions on and
surrounding the facility, the location of facility structures and property boundaries, and the
location of all offsite structures adjacent to property boundaries.
B) The frequency of monitoring shall be quarterly or as approved by the Division.
3) If methane or explosive gas levels exceeding the limits specified in Subparagraph (d)(1) ofthis
Rule are detected, the owner and operator must:
A) immediately take all steps necessary to ensure protection of human health and notify
the Division;
B) within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane or explosive
gas levels detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health; and
C) within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane or
explosive gas releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the
Division that the plan has been implemented. The plan must describe the nature and extent
of the problem and the proposed remedy.
4) Based on the need for an extension demonstrated by the operator, the Division may establish
alternative schedules for demonstrating compliance with Parts (3)(B) and (3)(C) of this Paragraph.
5) For purposes ofthis Item, "lower explosive limit" means the lowest percent by volume of a
mixture of explosive gases in air that will propagate a flame at 25 C and atmospheric pressure.
0566 - OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LAND CLEARINGINERT DEBRIS (LCID)
LANDFILLS
0566(13) The concentration of explosive gases generated by the facility shall not exceed:
a) Twenty-five percent of the lower explosive limit for the gases in facility structures.
b) The lower explosive limit for the gases at the property boundary.
1626 — OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MSWLF FACILITIES
1626(4) Explosive gases control.
a) Owners or operators of all MSWLF units must ensure that:
i) The concentration ofmethane gas generated by the facility does not exceed 25 percent
of the lower explosive limit for methane in facility structures (excluding gas control or
recovery system components); and
ii) The concentration of methane gas does not exceed the lower explosive limit for
methane at the facility property boundary.
b) Owners or operators of all MSWLF units must implement a routine methane monitoring
program to ensure that the standards of (4)(a) are met. A permanent monitoring system shall be
constructed on or before October 9, 1994. A temporary monitoring system shall be used prior to
construction of the permanent system.
i) The type and frequency of monitoring must be determined based on the following
factors:
A) Soil conditions;
B) The hydrogeologic conditions surrounding the facility;
C) The hydraulic conditions surrounding the facility; and
D) The location of facility structures and property boundaries.
ii) The minimum frequency of monitoring shall be quarterly.
c) If methane gas levels exceeding the limits specified in (4)(a) are detected, the owner or
operator must:
i) Immediately take all necessary steps to ensure protection of human health and notify the
Division;
ii) Within seven days of detection, place in the operating record the methane gas levels
detected and a description of the steps taken to protect human health; and
iii) Within 60 days of detection, implement a remediation plan for the methane gas
releases, place a copy of the plan in the operating record, and notify the Division that the
6
plan has been implemented. The plan shall describe the nature and extent of the problem
and the proposed remedy.
iv) Based on the need for an extension demonstrated by the operator, the Division may
establish alternative schedules for demonstrating compliance with (4)(c)(ii) and (iii) of this
Rule.
d) For purposes ofthis Item, "lower explosive limit" means the lowest percent by volume of a
mixture of explosive gases in air that will propagate a flame at 25°C and atmospheric pressure.
1626(10) Recordkeeping requirements.
a) The owner or operator of a MSWLF unit must record and retain at the facility, or an alternative
location near the facility approved by the Division, in an operating record the following
information as it becomes available:
iii) Gas monitoring results and any remediation plans required by Item (4) of this Rule;
1627 — CLOSURE AND POST CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR MSWLF ACTIVITES
1 627(d) Post -Closure Criteria
1) Following closure of each MSWLF unit, the owner or operator shall conduct post -closure care.
Post -closure care shall be conducted for 30 years, except as provided under Subparagraph (2) of
this Paragraph, and consist of at least the following:
D)-Maintaining and operating the gas monitoring system in accordance with the
requirements of Rule .1626 of this Section.
2) The length of the post -closure care period may be:
A) Decreased by the Division if the owner or operator demonstrates that the reduced
period is sufficient to protect human health and the environment and this demonstration is
approved by the Division; or
B) Increased by the Division if the Division determines that the lengthened period is
necessary to protect human health and the environment.
3) Following completion of the post -closure care period for each MSWLF unit, the owner or
operator shall notify the Division that a certification, signed by a registered professional engineer,
verifying that post -closure care has been completed in accordance with the post -closure plan, has
been placed in the operating record.
NOTES:
Based on the referenced rules above, the following words / phrases are presently in the Solid Waste
Section rules pertaining to methane and explosive landfill gas.
Rule .0101(14) states: "Explosive gas means Methane (CH) ".
Rule .0503 (2)(a) refers to "explosive gases ".
Rule .0544(d) refers to "Gas Control Plan "
Rule .0544(d)(1) refers to "methane or other explosive gases ".
Rule .0544(d)(2) refers to "methane monitoring program"
Rule .0544(d)(3) refers to "methane or explosive gas levels"
Rule .0566 (13) refers to "explosive gases".
Rule .1626 (4) refers to "explosive gases control"
Rule .1626(4)(a-b) refers to "methane monitoring" and "methane monitoring program "
Monitoring Goals
Landfill design and landfill gas monitoring regulations in North Carolina require that there not be an
exceedance of 100% of the Lower Explosion Limit (LEL) (equivalent to 5% methane) at the property
boundary, or 25% LEL in on -site structures. These regulations were developed over time to protect the
health and safety of the citizens of North Carolina and the U.S. from the asphyxiation and explosive
hazards of landfill gas.
NC Rule History
A review of NC landfill guidance documents and regulations from 1972 to the present indicates that from
1972 through 1982, there was no mention of design requirements regarding the control of landfill gas, nor
were there any landfill monitoring requirements for landfill gas. In 1982, the regulations were changed to
require that sanitary landfill design prevent landfill gas concentrations of 100% LEL at the property
boundary line and 25% inside on -site structures. Although a design requirement was added, no design
requirement was established to determine if the design requirement was being met. In 1993 with the
establishment of. 1600 rules, requirements for designs to limit landfill gas levels to below 100% at the
property boundary line and 25% in on -site structures and monitoring of landfill gas concentrations around
the perimeter of the landfill and inside on -site structures were adopted.
SECTION 4 - Landfill Gas Incidents and Explosions
Hazards Involving Landfill Gas
Landfill fires may or may not be directly caused by landfill gas. The primary concern with these fires is
air contamination from the resulting smoke; however they also present a variety of additional problems. In
addition to concerns with containing and extinguishing landfill fires, potential reactions involving
unknown chemicals in the landfill can cause uncertain hazards. Discarded consumer products in a
landfill, such as pesticides, paints, solvents, cleaners, and other material can be the source of chemical
releases. Heat from the fire can cause chemicals to volatilize, breakdown, and enter the environment. Also
to be considered is the presence of other combustible gases in addition to methane. Whenever an
environmental investigation of a landfill is prompted by odorous compounds or explosive gases, the
presence of toxic substances should also be investigated. One example is hydrogen sulfide (1-12S) that can
cause asphyxiation and is flammable. An analysis should include alkyl benzenes, sulfur compounds, vinyl
chloride, and methane, and other products associated with industrial wastes, construction and debris
waste, and normal organic and inorganic waste.
Fires and explosion hazards become a concern when gases collect in confined spaces. Buildings,
basements, and pits are typically regarded as confined spaces. However, landfill gases also collect in and
migrate to cracks in the landfill cover, leachate "springs", cracks in adjacent structures, paved parking
areas, etc. Fires can occur on the surface and underground. Surface fires involve recently buried waste
near the surface in an aerobic decomposing layer, typically 1 to 4 feet below ground. These fires can be
intensified by subsurface landfill gas and spread throughout the landfill. Subsurface fires occur deeper
within the landfill, involve material buried for months or years, and can burn for days and months.
The following is a brief summary of some incidents involving landfill gas migration from landfills:
2007 Four employees died as a result of exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide while
attempting to repair a leachate pump at a C&D landfill in Superior, Wisconsin (Journal of
Environmental Heath 2008).
1999 An 8-year old girl was burned on her arms and legs when playing in an Atlanta, Georgia
playground. The area was reportedly used as an illegal dumping ground many years ago (Atlanta
Journal -Constitution 1999).
1994 While playing soccer in a park built over an old landfill in Charlotte, North Carolina, a woman was
seriously burned by a methane explosion (Charlotte Observer 1994).
1987 Offsite landfill gas migration is suspected to have caused a house to explode in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania (EPA 1991).
1984 Landfill gas migrated to and destroyed one house near a landfill in Akron, Ohio. Ten houses were
temporarily evacuated (EPA 1991).
1983 An explosion destroyed a residence across the street from a landfill in Cincinnati, Ohio. Minor
injuries were reported (EPA 1991).
1975 In Sheridan, Colorado, landfill gas accumulated in a storm drain pipe that ran through a landfill. An
explosion occurred when several children playing in the pipe lit a candle, resulting in serious
injury.
1969 Methane gas migrated from an adjacent landfill into the basement of an armory in Winston-Salem,
North Carolina. A lit cigarette caused the gas to explode, killing three men and seriously injuring
five others (USACE 1984).
10
SECTION 5 - Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells
Locations
Landfill gas monitoring well locations will be site specific depending upon site geology, depth to
groundwater, surface water features, on -site and off -site structures and sensitive receptors. The landfill
gas monitoring wells must be spaced no more than 500 feet apart depending upon site specifics. A readily
accessible, unobstructed path must be maintained so that landfill gas monitoring wells are always
accessible using four-wheel drive vehicles. Regardless of site specifics, the permittee must obtain
approval from the Solid Waste Section for the design and installation of any landfill gas monitoring well
system.
Well Construction and Installation
Landfill gas monitoring wells are the same as groundwater monitoring wells with two exceptions. Landfill
gas monitoring wells are installed just above the water table within the unsaturated zone and are equipped
with a stopcock valve or a quick connect coupling on the cap, which allows for accurate landfill gas
measurements. The stopcock valve must be equipped with flexible tubing and a barb connection that will
fit the gas meter's inlet tube. The stopcock valve or a quick connect coupling must be closed between
monitoring events. The landfill gas monitoring well must also be capped, locked, and labeled with a
permanently affixed identification plate stating the well contractor name and certification number, date of
well competition, total depth of well, screen length and well ID number. See detailed schematics of a
landfill gas monitoring well (Figure 1).
The depth of each landfill gas monitoring well will be site specific depending upon depth to groundwater.
Landfill gas monitoring wells must be constructed the same as groundwater monitoring wells as described
in 15A NCAC Subchapter 2C. Typically landfill gas monitoring wells must be installed using 2" PVC
piping and screen. The screen length, also site specific, must span the majority of the unsaturated zone
while still allowing for proper well construction. A North Carolina Licensed/Professional Geologist must
be present to supervise the installation of all landfill gas monitoring wells. The exact locations, screened
intervals, and nesting of the wells must be approved by the Solid Waste Section Hydrogeologist prior to
landfill gas monitoring well installation. Each landfill gas monitoring well must be surveyed for location
and elevation by a North Carolina Registered Land Surveyor. Within thirty (30) days of the completed
construction of each new landfill gas monitoring well, the well construction record (Division of Water
Quality form GW-Ib) and the boring log/well detail diagram of each well must be submitted to the Solid
Waste Section. The submittal must also include a scaled topographic map showing the location and
identification of new, existing and abandoned landfill gas monitoring wells.
Nested and Clustered Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells
Nested and/or clustered landfill gas monitoring wells may be required in unsaturated zones of 45 feet or
more to measure specific depths of the unsaturated zone. Initially, the installation of one long screen shall
be sufficient. If a monitoring event shows an exceedance of the lower explosive limit, then the Solid
Waste Section may require the installation of nested and/or clustered landfill gas monitoring wells.
Abandonment of Wells
An abandonment record must be submitted to the Solid Waste Section within 30 (thirty) days of the
abandonment of a landfill gas monitoring well. The landfill gas monitoring well(s) must be overdrilled
and sealed with grout in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C .0113(d) and certified by a North Carolina
Licensed/Professional Geologist.
11
Professional Certification
The certification statement below must be signed and sealed by a Professional Geologist and submitted
with the Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan.
The landfill gas monitoring plan for this facility has been prepared by a qualified geologist who is
licensed to practice in the State of North Carolina. The plan has been prepared based on first-hand
knowledge of site conditions and familiarity with North Carolina solid waste rules and industry
standard protocol. This certification is made in accordance with North Carolina Solid Waste
Regulations, indicating this Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan should provide early detection of any
release of hazardous constituents to the uppermost aquifer, so as to be protective of public health
and the environment. No other warranties, expressed or implied, are made.
Signed
Printed
Date
Not valid unless this document bears the seal ofthe above mentioned licensed professional.
12
Figure 1— Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Detail
D ART
WELL CAP
NOT OLIJEO)
rf h' f '
r
WELL TAG (114CLUDE THE
FOLLOWING INFORMATION) _
WELL II?,;
DRILLING COMPANY:
DATE OF INSTALLATION;
TOTAL DEPTH;
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS-. 3'
SEDIVENT TRAP—,
SEASONAL HIGH WATER TABLE
4'K4" LOCKABLE STEEL CASING
31 WIN_ SUCK UP WITH LOCKING
COVER)
CAP AND SAMPLING PORT
NON —PERFORATED PVC
RISER
CUNCRETE PAIL
BENTOHITE PELLET SEAL
HYDRATED PER MFG. SPECS)
CRNT SEAL
CEMENT AND SODIUM BENTONITE)
SAND PACK
13
SECTION 6 — Landfill Gas Monitoring Instrumentation
The person using the landfill gas monitoring instrument must understand the principles of operation and
follow the manufacturer's instructions. This includes calibrating the instrument according to the
manufacturer's specifications. Include the following on the top portion of the landfill gas monitoring
form (See example below) : facility name, permit number, type and serial number of gas monitoring
instrument, calibration date of the instrument, date and time of field calibration, type of gas used for field
calibration (15115 or 35150), expiration date of field calibration gas canister, date of landfill gas
monitoring event, name and position of sample collector, pump rate of instrument being used, ambient air
temperature, and general weather conditions. Verification that the equipment was calibrated in
accordance with the manufacturer's specifications is also required. When determining which field
calibration gas to use, take into consideration the expected levels ofmethane in the landfill gas monitoring
wells. If the methane levels are expected to be low, use the 15115 gas canister (15% CO2/15% C114). If
the methane levels are expected to be high, use the 35150 gas canister (35% CO2/50% CH4).
For every landfill gas monitoring well, please include the following: verification of sample tube purge
prior to each sample taken (should be one minute), the time pumped in seconds (should be at least one
minute), barometric pressure, time stabilized reading collected, percent lower explosive limit, percent
methane by volume, percent oxygen, percent carbon dioxide, and any observations or comments. Most
modern gas monitoring instruments will measure percent oxygen and carbon dioxide in addition to the
methane and display the results on the same instrument. Recording the levels of percent oxygen and
carbon dioxide should require little or no extra effort.
The landfill gas monitoring data form (See example below) and results should be retained in the facility's
operating record unless an exceedance has occurred and/or is requested by the Solid Waste Section.
Landfill gas monitoring readings from non -calibrated or inaccurately calibrated instruments are not
reliable, and will therefore be rejected by the Solid Waste Section. Landfill gas monitoring readings
collected with monitoring equipment that was not designed for landfill gas monitoring will also be
rejected by the Solid Waste Section. There are several different landfill gas monitoring instruments on
the market which may be used in order to obtain all of the information required by the Solid Waste
Section.
Monitoring Times
Monitoring times are also important when conducting landfill gas monitoring. Proper landfill gas
monitoring should include sampling during times when landfill gas is most likely to migrate. Landfill gas
can migrate and accumulate not only in landfill gas monitoring wells; it can also migrate and accumulate
in buildings and other structures. Because subsurface gas pressures are considered to be at a maximum
during the afternoon hours, monitoring should be conducted in the afternoon or whenever the barometric
pressure is low.
Scientific evidence also indicates that weather and soil conditions influence the migration of landfill gas.
Barometric pressure and precipitation have significant effects on landfill gas migration. Increased
barometric pressure generates decreased landfill gas venting from the subsurface, until the pressure within
the subsurface is greater than the atmospheric (barometric) pressure. On the other hand, when the
barometric pressure decreases, the landfill will vent the stored gas until a pressure equilibrium is reached.
Capping of a landfill can influence the effect of barometric pressure on landfill gas migration. Generally,
a more permeable landfill cap will allow greater influence by barometric pressure than a less permeable
14
landfill cap. As a result, landfill gas monitoring should be conducted when the barometric pressure is low
and soils are saturated. During the winter season when snow cover is just beginning to melt or when the
ground is frozen or ice covered, landfill gas monitoring should be conducted when the barometric
pressure is low.
Landfill Gas Sampling Procedures
Any accumulation of landfill gas in the landfill gas monitoring wells is the result of landfill gas migration.
The following procedure is a recommended example for conducting landfill gas monitoring well
sampling, but always read and follow the manufacturer's instructions because each instrument will be
different.
Step 1— Calibrate the instrument according to the manufacturer's specifications. In addition, prepare the
instrument for monitoring by allowing it to properly warm up as directed by the manufacturer. Make sure
the static pressure shows a reading of zero on the instrument prior to taking the first sample.
Step 2 — Purge sample tube for at least one minute prior to taking reading. Connect the instrument tubing
to the landfill gas monitoring well cap fitted with a stopcock valve or quick connect coupling.
Step 3 — Open the valve and record the initial reading and then the stabilized reading. A stable reading is
one that does not vary more than 0.5 percent by volume on the instrument's scale.
Step 4 - Record the stabilized reading including the oxygen concentration and barometric pressure. A
proper reading should have two percent oxygen by volume or less. If levels of oxygen are higher, it may
indicate that air is being drawn into the system giving a false reading.
Step 5 — Turn the stopcock valve to the off position and disconnect the tubing.
Step 6 — Proceed to the next landfill gas monitoring well and repeat Steps 2 — 5.
Landfill Gas Constituent Sampling and Analysis
Sampling of landfill gas to determine volume percentages/concentrations of each constituent can be
accomplished through the use of canisters which are specifically designed for landfill gas analysis.
Several analytical methods are available to determine the concentrations of a variety of constituents.
Typically, landfill gas analysis of this type is performed to determine the non -methane organic
compounds emission rate for Tier 2 testing under the Clean Air Act (Title V Subpart WWW 60.754).
Isotropic identification of landfill methane can be accomplished to identify one source ofmethane from
another. In this case, isotopes of carbon and hydrogen in the methane are analyzed to determine the
methane source.
15
SECTION 7 - References
Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. "Landfill Gas Primer- An Overview for Environmental
Health Professionals. 2001." http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/landfill/html/toc.html (accessed February 24.
2010).
California Environmental Protection Agency. "Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Functionality at 20
California Landfills, 2008". http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Organics/2008022.pd (accessed
February 24 2010).
Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Gas Management Systems, under Rule 62-701.530.
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/quick topics/rules/default.htm (accessed February 24, 2010).
Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Flood Grant Team. "An Analysis ofLandfill Gas Monitoring
Well Design and Construction, 2007". http://www.clu-
in.org/conf/itrc/directpush/prez/Missouri_Study.pdf (accessed February 24, 2010).
Missouri Department of Natural Resources. "Design and Construction of Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells"
http://www.dnr.missouri.gov/pubs/pub2054.pdf (accessed February 24. 2010).
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Environmental Monitoring for Landfills, under Chapter NR
507.22. http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/aw/wm/information/wiacsss.htm
accessed February 24, 2010).
Landfill Gas -an Overview" Landfill-gas.com. Web, 22, Feb. 2010
http://www.landfill-gas.com/webpage-LFG-overview.doc
17
SECTION S — Suggested Outline for a Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
1. Introduction
1.1. Background (project overview, site observations, NCDENR rules referenced)
1.2. Site Geology with discussion of groundwater depth and flow (potentiometric surface map)
1.3. Regulatory Limits
2. Landfill Gas Monitoring
2.1. Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Locations (discussion of reasoning behind proposed locations,
discussion of well construction, reference map showing proposed locations, reference table
displaying well ID, well depth, screen interval and depth to groundwater)
2.2. Structure and Ambient Sampling
2.3. Landfill Gas Monitoring Frequency
3. Landfill Gas Sampling Procedures
3.1. Detection Equipment Used (discussion of calibration procedures)
3.2. Landfill Gas Sampling Procedure
4. Record Keeping and Reporting
4.1. Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
4.2. Sampling Reports
4.3. Permanent Record Keeping
5. Contingency Plan
6. Certification of Professional Geologist
7. Certification of Registered Land Surveyor
Figures
Map displaying proposed landfill gas monitoring well locations
Potentiometric Surface Map
Diagram showing construction of stopcock valve or quick connect coupling on well cap
Diagram showing well construction of each landfill gas monitoring well
Table
Table displaying well ID, well depth, screen interval, depth to groundwater
Example of landfill gas monitoring data form
18
SECTION 9 - Checklist of Items to be Included in a Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
1. Depth to groundwater discussion
2. Well locations
a. Number of wells
b. Well spacing
3. Instrumentation being used
a. Calibration procedures
4. Sampling procedures as per the manufacture's instructions
5. Map of well locations
6. Table describing each well location
a. Well ID
b. Well depth
c. Screen interval
d. Depth to groundwater
e. Subsurface lithology
7. Diagram of cap construction w/ stopcock valve or quick connect coupling
8. Diagram of well construction
9. Potentiometric surface map
10. Professional Geologist certification
11. Registered Land Surveyor certification
19
Appendix II
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
NC Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Facility Name: Permit Number:
Sampling Date: NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or .1600):
Sample Collector Name & Position:
Gas Meter Type & Serial Number:
Field Calibration Date & Time:
Gas Meter Calibration Date:
Field Calibration Gas Type (15115 or 35/50): Field Calibration Gas Canister Expiration Date:
Gas Meter Pump Rate:
Ambient Air Temperature: Barometric Pressure (in. or mm Hg): Weather Conditions:
Instructions: Under "Location or LFG Well", list monitoring well # or describe monitoring location (e.g., inside field office).
Attach a test location map or drawing. Report methane readings as both % LEL and % CH4 by volume.
Convert % CH4 (by volume) to % LEL as follows: % methane (by volume)/20 = % LEL.
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas monitoring may be requiredfor Construction & Demolition Landfills (CDLFs). See
individual permit conditions and/or Facility LFG monitoring plan.
S
Location or
ample Time
Tube Time of Pumped Initial Stabilized % CH4 % 02 % CO2 % H2S* LFG Well ID %LEL %LEL volumePurgeDay (sec) ( ) (volume) (volume) (volume)
NOTE: Ifneeded, attach additional data forms to include additional LFG monitoring data locations for thefacility.
ACTION LEVELS: Methane: >1.25% by volume (inside structures) AND >5% by volume (at facility boundary)
Hydrogen Sulfide: >1% by volume (inside structures) AND >4% by volume (at facility boundary)
NOTES
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments
are true and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation,
or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
SIGNATURE TITLE
Revised — March 6, 2017
Appendix III
Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Detail
VUL CAP _
NOT CLUED) _ •
L fI
WELL TAG (INCLUDE W
FOLL.01M KOLTAiATION)
YELL ID
ORLLNG COWANT'
DATE OF INSTALLATION!
TOTAL DEPTH:
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
F. .
1
5ED90 T PW
SFASbNAL HIGH VAT ERTABLE
Q
SAWLIK. PORI
4'x4' LDCKAU SM CASING
0, WIN. STILL UP WITH LACING
aKR)
CAP AND SMFLN G PORT
NCIN--PERFORATED PVC
RISER
CWICE PAD
k
BEN TORTE PELLET SEAL
HYTTRAIM PER MFG. SPECS)
GROUT SEAL
CEMENT AND SMU10 pENTONITE)
SAND P+IAK
10 SLO7 PVC YELL SCREEN
Landfill Gas Monitoring Well Detail
Appendix IV
Certification of Professional Geologist or Engineer
Certification of Professional Geologist or Engineer
The landfill gas monitoring plan for this facility has been prepared by a qualified geologist or
engineer who is licensed to practice in the State of North Carolina. The plan has been prepared
based on first-hand knowledge of site conditions and familiarity with North Carolina solid waste
rules and industry standard protocol. This certification is made in accordance with North Carolina
Solid Waste Regulations, indicating this Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan should provide early
detection of landfill gas migration, so as to be protective of public health and the environment. No
other warranties, expressed or implied, are made.
Signed:
Printed: G. Van Ness Burbach, Ph.D., P.G
Date: 3/07/2019
PREPARED FOR:
GRANVILLE COUNTY
SOLID WASTE DEPARTMENT
P.O. Box 906
OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA 27565
y n %1414OFO.
r 7 41 'trz-
CA o'
GRANVILLE COUNTY
OXFORD LANDFILL
PERMIT NO.39-01
WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
JANUARY 2018
REVISED MARCH 2019
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ti
1349
yNESS
PREPARED BY:
V
0 A LaBella Company
2211 WEST MEADOWVIEW ROAD, SUITE 101
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27407
NC LICENSE NUMBER C-0782
PHONE: [phone]
FAx: [phone]
PROJECT No. 2182022.01
WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
Oxford Landfill Units 1 & 2 - Granville County
Permit No. 39-01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1
1.1 Site Background.................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Site Geology and Hydrology.............................................................................................. 1
1.2.1 Site Geology............................................................................................................ 1
1.2.2 Site Hydrogeology................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Aquifer Characteristics & Groundwater Flow Regime ...................................................... 2
1.4 Monitoring History and Regulatory Status......................................................................... 3
1.4.1 Monitoring History................................................................................................. 3
1.4.2 Regulatory Status.................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Groundwater Monitoring Program..................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Unit I Monitoring Program.................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Unit 2 Monitoring Program.................................................................................... 7
2.2 Surface Water Monitoring Program.................................................................................... 7
3.0 SAMPLING PROTOCOLS................................................................................................. 7
3.1 Groundwater Sampling Methodology................................................................................. 7
3.2 Surface Water Sampling Methodology.............................................................................. 11
3.3 Sample Analytical Requirements....................................................................................... 11
3.3.1 Analytical Requirements............................................................................................ 11
3.3.2 Reporting and Record Keeping................................................................................. 12
3.4 Comparison to GPS........................................................................................................... 12
3.5 Statistical Analyses........................................................................................................... 13
3.5.1 Treatment of Censored Data..................................................................................... 13
3.5.2 Assumption ofNormality........................................................................................... 13
3.5.3 Parametric Upper Tolerance Limit........................................................................... 13
3.5.4 Aitchison 's Adjusted Parametric Upper Prediction Limit ........................................ 14
3.5.5 Non parametric Upper Tolerance Limit................................................................... 14
3.5.6 Poisson Upper Prediction Limit................................................................................ 14
3.6 Surface Water Monitoring................................................................................................ 14
4.0 ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY MONITOR RELEASES..............................................14
5.0 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................15
6.0 ACRONYMS....................................................................................................................... 16
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
ii
WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
Oxford Landfill Units 1 & 2 - Granville County
Permit No. 39-01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLES
Table 1 Monitoring Well Construction Details
Table 2 Historical Groundwater Elevations
Table 3 Groundwater Velocity Calculations
FIGURE
Figure 1 Site Location Map
DRAWING
Drawing 1 Water Quality Monitoring Plan
APPENDICES
Appendix A NC Appendix I & II Constituents with NC2L Standards and GWPS
Appendix B NC-2B Surface Water Standards
Appendix C Example Field Logs and Chain of Custody
Appendix D Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water
Sampling (April 2008)
Appendix E Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form and 14-Day Notification of
Groundwater Protection Standard Exceedance Form
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
iii
WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
Oxford Landfill Units 1 & 2 - Granville County
Permit No. 39-01
4.0 INTRODUCTION
On behalf of Granville County, Joyce Engineering (JOYCE) has prepared this Water Quality
Monitoring Plan (WQMP) for the Oxford Landfill Units 1 & 2 (facility) in accordance with 15A
NCAC 13B.1632-.1637 of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (NCSWMR). The
Unit 1 of the facility is currently in Assessment Monitoring (§.1634) and Corrective Action. Unit
2 of the facility is currently in Detection Monitoring.
1.1 Site Background
The Oxford Landfill is located at 6584 Landfill Road, Oxford, Granville County, North Carolina,
near the town of Kinton Fork (Figure 1). The facility is owned and operated by Granville County
under Permit Numbers 3901-CDLF-1997 (Unit 1) and 3901-MSW1LF-2012 (Unit 2), issued by
the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) [formerly the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)] Solid Waste Section (SWS). The Oxford Landfill
consists of two separate waste disposal units: Unit 1 is a former unlined municipal solid waste
MSW) landfill with a C&D landfill on top; and Unit 2 is a Subtitle-D MSW landfill. The
permitted facility consists ofapproximately 283 acres, ofwhich approximately 29 acres constitutes
the Unit 1 waste unit and 37.3 acres constitutes Unit 2.
Unit 1 was originally permitted for disposal of domestic, institutional, industrial, agricultural, and
demolition wastes in 1981. The Unit 1 MSW landfill was closed in 1997. Between 1997 and
2017, the facility disposed of construction and demolition (C&D) waste on top of the closed Unit
1 MSW landfill in accordance with the facility's Transition Plan dated 1994. The facility stopped
disposing of C&D waste in this unit in the summer of 2017 and closure of the Unit 1 C&D landfill
is expected to begin in spring 2018. Unit 1 is currently in Assessment Monitoring and Corrective
Action.
Unit 2 is a Subtitle-D MSW landfill permitted for disposal of domestic, institutional, industrial,
agricultural, and demolition wastes. Granville County received the Unit 2 Permit to Operate from
the NCDEQ on February 19, 2013. The County began placing waste in Phase 1 ofUnit 2 on May
1, 2013. Unit 2 is currently in Detection Monitoring.
1.2 Site Geology and Hydrology
1.2.1 Site Geolo y
The Oxford Landfill is located in the Carolina Slate Belt of the Piedmont Physiographic Province
of North Carolina. The geologic province is characterized by a rolling topography with a thick
mantle of saprolite overlying Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic igneous and metamorphic bedrock.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01 March 2019
The Carolina Slate Belt is comprised of 550 to 650 million year old, metamorphosed sedimentary
and volcanic rocks, intruded by granitic rocks.
The Oxford Landfill is underlain by the Flat River Complex, which is a shallow intrusive complex
of granitic composition, which comprises a large portion of the northern Carolina Slate Belt
Butler, 1991). The landfill is approximately 18 miles east of the Virgilina Synclinorium,
approximately 10 miles west of the Nutbush Creek Fault Zone, and approximately 4 miles
northwest of the Durham Basin (Butler, 1991).
Previous investigations discovered limited exposures in the borrow area of a competent, massive,
gray to greenish gray meta -volcanic rock that is moderately fractured with prominent fractures
with near vertical dips and striking approximately N25° to 30°W (Woodward -Clyde, 1994).
Boring logs indicate that the depth to bedrock at Oxford Landfill ranges from 5 to 30 feet below
ground surface. The overlying saprolite consists of brownish sandy to clayey silt (Woodward -
Clyde, 1994).
1.2.2 Site Hydrogeoloa
Groundwater in the Piedmont can occur in substantial volumes where soils and regolith are thick,
but groundwater is typically found in minimal volumes in bedrock, primarily restricted to fractures.
The water table under the area of investigation was encountered in the unconfined aquifer that is
mostly in the transition zone that consists of saprolite and highly fractured bedrock. This
unconfined aquifer is pervasive across the site and generally mimics the surface topography. The
saturated portion of the uppermost aquifer beneath the site is vertically continuous to bedrock, and
no confining layers have been encountered during previous site investigations. There is a high
degree of connectivity between the saprolite and underlying fractured bedrock such that they
behave as a single continuous aquifer. Depth to water ranged from 5 to 10 feet below grade in
wells MW-4R, MW-6R, NES-2S, and NES-2D; and 10 to 25 feet below grade in MW-IA, MW-2,
MW-3R, MW-5R, MW-7, NES-lS, and NES-11). In general, the water table is near the
saprolite/bedrock interface. Well construction details for the facility's monitoring wells are
summarized in Table 1, and historical groundwater elevations are presented in Table 2.
Groundwater in the saprolite feeds the fractures in the bedrock and is expected to discharge into
creeks located northeast of the landfill. Groundwater flow at deeper levels within the fractured
bedrock is controlled by fractures. A groundwater potentiometric surface map, based on static
water level data obtained on August 23, 2017, is presented as Drawing 1. The groundwater map
depicts groundwater flow to the north.
1.3 Aquifer Characteristics & Groundwater Flow Regime
Depth to groundwater is measured in all compliance monitoring wells at the site prior to each
sampling event. The groundwater elevations calculated relative to the surveyed measuring point
top of casing) for each monitoring well are summarized in Table 2. The groundwater elevation
contours shown in Drawing I are based on data from the August 2017 sampling event.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
2
Groundwater flow beneath the Landfill is primarily to the north. Horizontal groundwater gradients
were estimated from the August 2017 groundwater levels and are summarized in Table 3.
Horizontal gradients across the site ranged from 0.0185 to 0.0220. These values are consistent
with previous estimates.
Linear groundwater flow velocities for wells screened in saprolite were computed using the
following modified Darcy equation: V = Kiln , where V = average linear velocity (feet/year),
K= hydraulic conductivity (feet/day), i = horizontal hydraulic gradient, and n = effective porosity.
The arithmetic mean ofhydraulic conductivities from slug -tests conducted in 1995, 1999 and 2004
K = 2.54 ft/day) were used in these calculations, along with an estimated effective porosity of
0.45 based on 85% of the average of laboratory -determined porosities for site soil (0.53). The
average estimated linear groundwater flow velocity under the facility was calculated at 42.6 ft/year
Table 3). The linear velocity equation makes the simplifying assumptions of a homogeneous and
isotropic aquifer.
1.4 Monitoring History and Regulatory Status
1.4.1 MonitoringHistoa
1995: Oxford Unit 1 entered Assessment Monitoring due to detections of organic
constituents in several monitoring wells.
1998: Monitoring wells MW-3R, MW-4R, MW-5R, and MW-6R replaced MW-3, MW-4,
MW-5, and MW-6, respectively.
2003: Assessment of Corrective Measures (ACM) and Nature and Extent Study (NES)
initiated due to 15A NCAC 2L.0202(NC2L) Groundwater Standard exceedances of
benzene in MW-4R and vinyl chloride in MW-5R.
May 2004: Nature and Extent wells NES-1 S&D and NES-2S&D installed.
May 2005: NES, ACM, & Risk Assessment submitted to DENR-SWS.
August 21, 2006: ACM Public Meeting held in Oxford, NC.
June 2008: Corrective Action Plan (CAP) submitted to NCDEQ-SWS.
December 2008: First Baseline sampling event for MNA
March 2009: Final Revision of CAP submitted to NCDEQ-SWS.
April 23, 2009: CAP Approved by NCDEQ-SWS.
June 2010: Final Baseline sampling event for MNA.
December 23, 2010: Request for Background Well Replacement approved by NCDEQ-
SWS makes MW-7 (formerly P-2) the new site background monitoring well.
January 27, 2011: Corrective Action Evaluation Report (CAER) reviewed and approved
by NCDEQ-SWS with an updated list of constituents of concern (COCs), along with the
Alternate Source Demonstration (ASD) for Chromium, Thallium and TDS in MW-IA.
NCDEQ-SWS denied the request to remove selected MNA parameters but allowed a
modified monitoring frequency for some MNA parameters beginning in June 2011.
January 27, 2011: 1,1-dichloroethane was added to the COC list and benzene and cis-
1,2-dichloroethylene were dropped from the COC list following NCDEQ-SWS approval.
June 9, 2011: ASDfor Iron and Manganese approved as described by NCDEQ-SWS.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01 March 2019
February 2012: Beta-BHC added to COC list due to confirmed exceedance in MW-5R
during the December 2011 sampling event.
May 22, 2014: Granville County requested changes to the designations and monitoring
requirements for some of the facility's monitoring wells.
June 3, 2014: The SWS approved the following: Monitoring wells MW-2, MW-3R,
MW-4R, and MW-6R reverted back to detection monitoring (Appendix I) from assessment
monitoring (Appendix II). NES-IS and NES-11) were removed from the groundwater
corrective action monitoring network. Sampling for Monitored Natural Attenuation
parameters in monitoring wells MW-3R and MW-4R was discontinued.
July 30, 2015: Corrective Action Evaluation Report (CAER) reviewed and approved by
the SWS with an updated list of COCs, removing 1, 1 -dichloroethane and beta-BHC from
the COC list.
July 8, 2016: Well NES-11) was abandoned.
1.4.2 Re ulatory Status
The Oxford Unit 1 Landfill has remained in Assessment Monitoring since 1995 due to detections
of organic constituents. There were NC2L Standard exceedances of benzene in MW-4R in 2003,
which have not been detected since, and there have been persistent NC2L exceedances of vinyl
chloride in MW-5R from 2003 to present, but with generally decreasing trends. The County
received a letter from the SWS dated August 20, 2003, that requested the County to proceed with
assessment activities at Oxford Unit 1 Landfill. A meeting between JOYCE and the SWS was
held on February 11, 2004, to discuss the SWS's requirements for a Nature and Extent Study
NES) and an Assessment of Corrective Measures (ACM). In May 2005, Granville County
submitted a NES (JOYCE, 2005a), and an ACM (JOYCE, 2005b) and a Quantitative Risk
Assessment (QRA) (JOYCE, 2005c) to the NCDEQ in accordance with 15A NCAC 1313.1634.
Granville County held a public meeting for the ACM on August 21, 2006. A CAP was submitted
in June 2008, with revisions in October 2008 and March 2009 (JOYCE, 2009). The CAP proposed
Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) as the primary remedy, supplemented with Control of
Decomposition Gasses as a secondary remedy. The CAP was approved in a letter from NCDEQ-
SWS dated April 23, 2009. The gas interception trench proposed in the Control of Decomposition
Gasses was installed July 2009. The last sampling event for the Baseline MNA was completed in
December 2010.
An Alternate Source Demonstration for Iron and Manganese was submitted to the SWS October
26, 2010, after the requirements for additional constituent monitoring for C&D facilities showed
elevated concentrations of iron and manganese across multiple site wells in June 2010. The ASD
showed that the concentrations of iron and manganese were a result of natural occurrence in site
soil and not a release from the landfill. The ASD for Iron and Manganese was approved as
described by the SWS on June 9, 2011. Since the approval of the ASD on June 9, 2011, the SWS
updated the guidance for developing ASD; accordingly, Granville County will revise the approved
ASD following the 2017 document entitle NC Solid Waste Section GuidelinesforAlternate Source
Demonstration Submittals for Solid Waste Management Facility.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
2
The first CAER was submitted to the SWS on November 29, 2010, and in a letter dated January
27, 2011, the SWS reviewed and approved the CAER. The SWS denied a request to remove some
of the MNA parameters made on behalf of the county, but did approve a reduced alternate
monitoring frequency as follows; carbon dioxide, ferrous iron, volatile fatty acids, total organic
carbon (TOC), sulfide, and dissolved ethane and ethene for every third year on a semiannual basis.
NCDEQ-SWS also approved removing benzene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene from the COC list
and adding 1, 1 -dichloroethane. As a result, the current COC list includes vinyl chloride and 1,1-
dichloroethane. The ASD for chromium, thallium, and total dissolved solids in MW-lA was also
approved. The Oxford Unit 1 landfill continues in Assessment Monitoring, with additional C&D
indicator parameters and selected MNA parameters and COC monitored at designated wells at
frequencies presented in the January 27, 2011 SWS review ofthe CAER and ASD and summarized
in the next section.
1.4.3 Monitoring Well History
The original background well, MW-1, was replaced by MW-lA as the background well in 1999
and MW-1 was abandoned in 2001 after being damaged by a vehicle. MW-1 and MW-IA were
located near the scale house south of Unit 1, off of the Drawing 1 map area. A Request for
Background Well Replacement was submitted to the SWS October 25, 2010 because the
background monitoring well, MW-lA, was dry or affected by low water levels and excessive
sediment as well as possible bore seal damage. The request proposed piezometer P-2 to be
upgraded and re -named MW-7 to become the facility background monitoring well. NCDEQ-
SWS approved the request on December 23, 2010, and MW-7 became the background monitoring
well for the first semiannual sampling event of 2011. MW-lA is still monitored for static water
level.
Monitoring wells MW-3R, MW-4R, MW-5R, and MW-6R replaced MW-3, MW-4, MW-5, and
MW-6, respectively, in August 1999, due to the close proximity to waste of the original wells.
Monitoring wells NES-lS, NES-11), NES-2S, and NES-2D were installed as part of the NES in
May 2004 and were designated as corrective action performance/sentinel wells in the facility's
CAP approved in April 2009.
MW-9, MW-10, MW-11 were originally installed in 2008 as piezometers PZ-9, PZ-10, PZ-13,
and PZ-21, respectively, for hydrogeological investigations; however they were converted to
permanent monitoring wells in 2012 to monitor Unit 2, Phase 1. MW-8 was installed in 2012 to
monitor the Unit 2 leachate tank area. MW-12 was originally installed in 2008 as piezometer
PZ-21 and it was converted to a monitoring well in 2012 to be used as a background well for Phase
1 of Unit 2; however, it was later decided the MW-7 would be the background well for both Units,
so MW-12 has never been a part of the compliance network.
In May 2014, Granville County requested several changes to the designations and monitoring
requirements for some of the facility's monitoring wells. The requested changes included:
MW-2R, MW-3R, MW-4R, and MW-6R will revert to detection monitoring; NES-1 S and NES-1 D
will be removed from the corrective action monitoring network; and MNA parameters will no
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longer be required for MW-3R and MW-4R. These changes were approved by the NCDEQ in
June 2014. NES-1 D was abandoned in July 2016 after being damaged.
2.1 Groundwater Monitoring Program
2.1.1 Unit I Monitoring Program
Six groundwater monitoring wells comprise the current compliance monitoring network at the
Oxford Unit 1 Landfill. The compliance network includes monitoring wells MW-7 (the current
facility background well), MW-2, MW-3R, MW-4R, MW-5R, and MW-6R. In addition, one
performance well (NES-2S) and one sentinel well (NES 2D) are sampled under the Corrective
Action Plan (CAP) for the facility. The locations of these wells are shown on Drawing 1.
The following table summarizes the Unit 1 monitoring network and required analytical parameters
for the first and second semiannual sampling events.
Unit 1 Groundwater Monitoring Network
Monitoring Date Classification Monitoring TD Lithology of Screened V SA Event 2"d SA Event
Well Installed Program Interval Analyses Analyses
MW-1A unknown Observation
Water
28.77 Saprolite NS NSLevel
MW-2 unknown Compliance Detection 29.34 Saprolite/Bedrock App. I, C&D App. 1, C&D
MW-3R 8/25/99 Compliance Detection 27.12 Partially Weathered App. 1, C&D App. 1, C&DRock
MW-4R 8/26/99 Compliance Detection 63.22 Bedrock App. 1, C&D App. 1, C&D
MW-5R 8/25/99 Compliance Assessment 40.25 Bedrock App. II, C&D, App. I + Det.,
NINA C&D,MNA
MW-6R 8/25/99 Compliance Detection 42.90 Bedrock App. 1, C&D App. 1, C&D
MW-7 7/28/08 Background Assessment 34.50 Partially Weathered App. II, C&D, App. I + Det.,
Rock MNA C&D, NINA
NES-2S 5/11/04 Performance* CAMP 21.5 Saprolite COCs, MNA COCs, MNA
NES-2D 5/11/04 Sentinel CAMP 66.5 Bedrock COCs, MNA NS
App. I = NCSWMR Appendix I list ofconstituents & 1,4-dioxane. COCs = Constituents of concern.
App. II = NCSWMR Appendix II list ofconstituents & 1,4-dioxane. MNA = Monitoring Natural Attenuation parameters.
App. I + Det. = App. I list plus detected App. II constituents. C&D = C&D indicator parameters.
NS = Not Sampled (After baseline period, sentinel wells are sampled annually).
CAMP = Corrective Action Monitoring Plan. *NES-2S is also a compliance well for Unit 2.
Appendix I & II: Appendix I and II of 40 CFR Part 258, also known as the North
Carolina Appendix I and II lists, as they have been incorporated into the
NCSWMR by reference.
C&D indicator parameters: mercury, manganese, iron, sulfate, chloride, alkalinity, total
dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance.
Current Appendix II detected constituents: mercury, sulfide, endosulfan I, and beta-
BHC.
Current Constituent of Concern: vinyl chloride and 1,4-dioxane.
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MNA Field Parameters: Temperature, pH, specific conductance, oxidation reduction
potential, turbidity, dissolved oxygen on a semiannual basis. [Dissolved carbon dioxide,
and ferrous iron are sampled for both sampling events every third year.]
MNA Laboratory Parameters: Dissolved hydrogen, dissolved methane, nitrate, sulfate,
chloride, alkalinity on a semiannual basis. [Sulfide, TOC, ethane, ethene, and volatile
fatty acids are sampled for both sampling events every third year.]
2.1.2 Unit 2 Monitoringgram
Six groundwater monitoring wells comprise the compliance monitoring network at the Oxford
Unit 2 Landfill. The compliance network includes monitoring wells MW-7 (the current facility
background well), MW-8 (which monitors the leachate tank area), MW-9, MW-10, MW-11, and
NES-2S. The locations ofthese wells are shown on Drawing 1. All monitoring wells are sampled
for the North Carolina Appendix I list of constituents during both semiannual sampling events.
2.2 Surface Water Monitoring Program
There are two surface water sampling points associated with Unit 1, SW-1 and SW-2; and there
are two surface water sampling points associated with Unit 2, SW-3 and SW-4. Sampling point
SW-1 is located in a sedimentation basin near the southeast corner of Unit 1, upgradient of the
waste. Sampling point SW-2 is located northeast of Unit 1, along a tributary of Little Grassy
Creek, down -gradient of the waste. SW-3 is located upstream of Unit 2, on the perennial creek
that runs along the east side of Unit 2. SW-4 is located on the same perennial creek downstream
of the Unit 2, but before the confluence of the perennial creek and the drainage channel from the
west side of Unit 2, between Units 1 and 2. The surface water samples are analyzed for the
Appendix I list of constituents plus 1,4-dioxane during both semiannual events.
3.0 SAMPLING PROTOCOLS
3.1 Groundwater Sampling Methodology
Groundwater samples will be collected in accordance with Solid Waste Management Rules 15A
NCAC 13B .1630 through .1633 and guidance provided in the Solid Waste Section Guidelines for
Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling (April 2008), which is included in Appendix D.
Details of well purging, sample withdrawal, and decontamination methods, as well as chain -of -
custody procedures are outlined below.
Static water elevations and the total well depth will be measured to the nearest 0.01 of a foot in
each well prior to the sampling of each well. An electronic water level meter will be used for the
measurements, or other methods if they provide similar accuracy and precision. The distance from
the top of the well casing to the water surface and to the bottom of the well will be measured using
the tape attached to the probe. Reference elevations of the proposed wells have been obtained
from a North Carolina registered land surveyor.
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A low -yield well (one that is incapable of yielding three well volumes within a reasonable time)
will be purged so that water is removed from the bottom of the screened interval. Low -yield wells
will be evacuated to dryness. Within 24 hours of purging, the first sample will be field tested for
pH, temperature, turbidity, and specific conductance. Samples will then be collected and
containerized in the order of the parameters' volatilization sensitivity (i.e., volatile organics then
total metals).
A high -yield well (one that is capable of yielding more than three well volumes during purging)
will be purged so that water is drawn down from the uppermost part of the water column to ensure
that fresh water from the formation will move upward in the screen. At no time will a well be
evacuated to dryness if the recharge rate causes the formation water to vigorously cascade down
the sides of the screen, which could cause an accelerated loss of volatiles.
A minimum of three well volumes will be evacuated from high -yield wells prior to sampling. A
well volume is defined as the water contained within the well casing and pore spaces of the
surrounding filter pack. The well volume will be calculated using the following formulas:
where:
VC _ (d,2/4) x3.14 x hw x (7.48 gallons/cubic foot)
Vc (gallons) = 0.163 x hw (for a 2-inch well)
V, = volume in the well casing in gallons
dr = casing diameter in feet (dc = 0.167 for a 2-inch well)
hw = height of the water column in feet (i.e., well depth minus depth to water)
Each well will be evacuated (purged) and sampled with a disposable bailer or a sampling pump.
The bailer or pump will be lowered gently into the well to minimize the possibility of causing
degassing ofthe water. If sampled with a pump, flow rates will be regulated to minimize turbidity
and degassing ofthe water.
All equipment used for sampling will be handled in such a manner to ensure that the equipment
remains decontaminated prior to use. In between wells and following completion of the field
sampling, water level meters, sampling pumps, or any other reusable sampling equipment will be
properly decontaminated. Clean disposable gloves will be worn by sampling personnel and
changed between wells.
The upgradient/background well will be sampled first, followed by the downgradient wells. The
order of sampling of the downgradient wells will be evaluated each sampling event to provide a
sequence going from less contaminated to more contaminated, if applicable, based on the previous
sampling event.
Field measurements of temperature, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance will be made before
sample collection. The direct reading equipment used at each well will be calibrated according to
the manufacturer's specifications prior to each sampling event and the calibrations shall be
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documented in the field logs. Groundwater samples will be collected and containerized in the
order of the volatilization sensitivity (i.e., VOCs first, followed by the metals).
Pre -preserved sample containers will be supplied by the laboratory. The VOC vials will be filled
in such a manner that no headspace remains after filling. Immediately upon collection, all samples
will be placed in coolers on ice where they will be stored prior to/and during transit to the
laboratory.
In between wells and following completion of the field sampling, the electronic depth meter will
be decontaminated using the following procedure.
1) Phosphate -free soap and distilled water wash;
2) Distilled water rinse;
3) Air dry.
Samples collected will be properly containerized, packed into pre -cooled coolers, and either hand -
delivered or shipped via overnight courier to the laboratory for analysis. The chain -of -custody
program will allow for tracing of possession and handling of samples from the time of field
collection through laboratory analysis. The chain -of -custody program will include sample labels
and seals, field logs, commercial carrier's parcel bills, chains -of -custody, and laboratory logs.
Example field logs and an example chain of custody are included in Appendix C.
Labels sufficiently durable to remain legible when wet will contain the following information:
Job and sample identification;
Monitoring well number or other location;
Date and time of collection;
Name of collector;
Parameter to be analyzed; and
Preservative, if applicable.
The shipping container will be sealed to ensure that the samples have not been disturbed during
transport to the laboratory. If the sample cannot be analyzed because of damage or disturbance,
whenever possible, the damaged sample will be replaced during the same compliance period.
The field logs will, at a minimum, document the following information:
Identification of the well;
Well depth;
Static water level depth;
Presence of immiscible layers, odors or other indications of potential contamination;
Purge volume (given in gallons or number of bailers);
Time well was purged;
Date and time of sample collection;
Field analysis data and methods;
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Name of collector(s);
Climatic conditions (temperature, precipitation).
The chain -of -custody record is required to establish the documentation necessary to trace sample
possession from time of collection to time of receipt at destination. A chain -of -custody record will
accompany each individual shipment. The record will contain the following information:
Sample destination and transporter;
Sample identification numbers;
Signature of collector;
Date and time of collection;
Sample type(s);
Identification of well(s);
Number of sample containers in shipping container;
Parameters requested for analysis;
Signature of person(s) involved in the chain of possession;
Inclusive dates of possession; and
Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening (noted by the laboratory).
A copy of the completed chain -of -custody will accompany the shipment and will be returned to
the shipper with the analytical results. The chain of custody record will also be used as the analysis
request sheet.
A field/equipment blank will be collected and analyzed during each sampling event to verify that
the sample collection and handling processes have not affected the integrity of the field samples.
The field/equipment blank will be prepared in the field from lab pure water (Type II reagent grade
water) supplied by the laboratory. One field/equipment blank will be prepared for each sampling
event. The field/equipment blank will be generated by exposing the lab pure water to the sampling
environment and sampling equipment/media in the same manner as actual field samples being
collected. The lab will provide appropriate sample containers for generation of the field/equipment
blank(s). The field/equipment blank will be subjected to the same analyses as the groundwater
samples. As with all other samples, the time(s) of the field/equipment blank collection will be
recorded so that the sampling sequence is documented. The field/equipment blank monitors for
contamination from the sampling equipment/media, or from cross -contamination that might occur
between samples and sample containers as they are opened and exposed to the sampling
environment.
Whenever groundwater samples are being collected for volatiles analysis, a trip blank will be
generated by the laboratory prior to shipment of sampling containers and coolers to the field. The
same lab pure water as above shall be used. The trip blank shall be transported with the empty
sampling containers to the field, but will not be opened at any time prior to analysis at the
laboratory. The trip blank will accompany the groundwater samples in the cooler(s) with the
samples collected for VOC analyses back to the laboratory and will be analyzed by the same
volatile methods as the associated field samples. The trip blank monitors for potential cross -
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contamination that might occur between samples or that may be a result of the shipping
environment.
Detectable levels of contaminants found in the field/equipment blanks or trip blanks will not be
used to correct the groundwater data, but will be noted accordingly. Contaminants present in trip
blanks or field/equipment blanks at concentrations within an order of magnitude of those observed
in the corresponding groundwater samples may be cause for resampling.
3.2 Surface Water Sampling Methodology
Surface water samples will be collected from flowing water at the designated sample locations in
conjunction with the semiannual groundwater sampling events. Surface water can be sampled
either by: 1) collecting the sample using a properly -decontaminated graduated dipper and filling
laboratory -prepared sample containers from the dipper; or 2) by dipping laboratory -prepared
sampled containers directly into the stream flow. If using the direct sampling method, great care
should be taken to not overflow containers containing preservatives to prevent loss ofpreservative.
Use of an unpreserved laboratory container to collect the sample and then carefully dispense it into
the preserved container is acceptable. For unpreserved containers, it is preferable to completely
submerge the closed container, removing the lid underwater, and then replacing the lid when the
container is full before removing it from the water; however, this method is only acceptable if
there is sufficient depth offlowing water. No matter what method is used to collect samples, great
care should be taken to not disturb creek bed sediment during sampling, and to obtain samples
from the least turbid location available. Downstream samples should be collected first and
upstream samples second. Samplers should wear clean, dedicated sampling gloves at all times
while collecting or handling samples. Field parameters, including temperature, pH, and turbidity,
shall be monitored at each sample location using the same sample collection technique used to
collect the laboratory samples, as appropriate. Sampling techniques and protocols describe above
for groundwater, including sample labeling, field log entry, and chain -of -custody procedures, shall
also be followed for surface water samples.
3.3 Sample Analytical Requirements
3.3.1 Analytical Requirements
Analysis of groundwater and surface water samples from the facility will be conducted by a
laboratory certified by the NCDEQ for the required analytical methods (15A NCAC 2H.0800).
Analyses will be performed in accordance with U.S. EPA SW-846 methods. Both groundwater
and surface water samples will be analyzed for the constituents listed in 40 CFR Part 258,
Appendix I. In addition, field analyses for temperature, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance
will be performed for each sample. Samples from wells in Assessment Monitoring will also be
sampled for all 40 CFR Part 258 Appendix II constituents during the first semiannual sampling
event each year and for previously detected Appendix II parameters during the second semiannual
sampling event.
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Appendix A includes a table of all Appendix I and Appendix II constituents with their respective
analytical methods, CAS numbers, practical quantitation limits (PQL), 15A NCAC 2L (NC2L)
groundwater standards, and Solid Waste Section groundwater protection standards (GWPS), and
Interim Maximum Allowable Concentrations (IMAC). Appendix B includes a summary of 15A
NCAC 2B (NC-213) Surface Water Standards.
3.3.2 Reporting and Record Keeping
The Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report (WQMR) and the laboratory electronic data
deliverable (EDD), will be submitted to the Solid Waste Section electronically within 120 days
from each sampling event. An Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (EMRF) will be
completed and submitted with the report. A copy of the EMRF is included in Appendix E.
The following measurements, analytical data, calculations, and other relevant groundwater
monitoring records will be kept throughout the active life of the facility and the post -closure care
period:
Records of all groundwater quality data;
Associated sample collection field logs and measurements, such as static water level
measured in compliance wells at the time of sample collection; and
Notices and reports of GPS exceedances, reporting or data error, missing data, etc.
3.4 Groundwater Comparison to GPS
Constituents detected in the samples collected from either the compliance network or the sentinel
well shall be compared to the appropriate Groundwater Protection Standard (GPS) for that
constituent in accordance with NCSWMR §.1634.g. The comparison will be performed using a
value -to -value procedure. If a suspect GPS exceedance is noted during the value -to -value
comparison, a confirmation sample may be collected. The results from a confirmation sample will
be compared to the GPS in a value -to -value comparison, or the value may be statistically compared
to background. If a new exceedance is noted and confirmed, the exceedance will be reported to
the DEQ within 14 days of receiving the analytical results. The exceedance will be reported using
the 14-Day Notification of Groundwater Protection Standard Exceedance Form (included in
Appendix E).
In most cases, the GPS will be equal to the Groundwater Standard established for a given
constituent in 15A NCAC 2L.0202 (NC2L Standards). For constituents without listed NC2L
Standards, the groundwater protection standards (GWPS) established by the NCDEQ Solid Waste
Section and/or the Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration (IMAC) may be used. In
accordance with 15A NCAC 2L.202, if the practical quantitation limit (PQL) is higher than the
listed standard, the standard is the quantitation limit; therefore, estimated concertation below the
PQL are not considered GPS exceedances even if the estimated value is greater than the listed
GPS. In the event that a site -specific statistical background value can be established for a given
constituent which is higher that the NC2L standard, GWPS, or other appropriate listed standard,
the background may be used as the GPS with NCDEQ approval. The current list of Appendix II
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and II constituents, C&D parameters, and other required analytes with their respective standards
are included in Appendix A.
3.5 Statistical Analyses
With the April 2011 revision to the NCSWMR, routine statistical comparison to background for
all detected constituents is no longer required; however, statistical analyses may be used to
establish an alternate GPS for constituents with the approval of the NCDEQ if desired by the
facility. The following guidelines will be used to determine statistical background values.
The background data are to be evaluated through the use of Parametric Prediction Limits,
Parametric Tolerance Intervals, Non -Parametric Prediction Limits, or Poisson Prediction Limits
as appropriate. Tests for normality, outliers, Aitchison's adjustment, tolerance intervals, or
prediction limits are to be included as appropriate based on the background data.
The statistical test by which downgradient data are compared to facility background data is based
upon the nature of the data and the number of data values that are less than the laboratory limit of
detection. All statistical tests are evaluated at the 0.05 level of significance, 95% confidence level,
and are conducted as one -tailed tests. These methods and the criteria for their use are discussed
below.
3.5.1 Treatment of Censored Data
Generally, background data are censored as follows. When less than or equal to 15% of the
background data values are less than the applicable reporting limit (PQL), any data reported less
than the PQL will be treated as one-half the PQL.
3.5.2 Assumption ofNormality
Prior to conducting statistical tests that are based on the assumption of normally distributed data,
normality of the background data is evaluated using the Shapiro -Wilk statistic (W). Normality is
assessed at the 95% confidence level. In the event that the raw data fail to follow a normal
distribution, the data are transformed using a base-10 logarithm. The transformed data are then
tested for normality using the Shapiro -Wilk statistic. In the event that the log -transformed data
also fail to follow a normal distribution, a non -parametric approach is applied.
3.5.3 Parametric Upper Tolerance Limit
In some cases the background data consist of a minimum of eight independent data values and less
than or equal to 15% ofthe background data values are less than the PQL for a given analyte. The
downgradient values are then compared to the parametric upper tolerance limit in accordance with
the procedure summarized in the USEPA guidance documents, Statistical Analysis of
Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Unified Guidance (US -EPA, 2009).
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3.5.4 Aitchison's Adjusted Parametric Upper Prediction Limit
In those cases where the background data consist of a minimum of eight independent data values
and more than 15%, but less than or equal to 50%, of the background data values are less than the
PQL for a given analyte, the mean and standard deviation are adjusted. This is done in accordance
with the procedure described by Aitchison and summarized in the USEPA guidance document
US -EPA, 2009). After the adjustments are made, the downgradient values are compared to the
Aitchison's adjusted parametric upper prediction limit in accordance with the procedures
summarized in the USEPA guidance document (US -EPA, 2009).
3.5.5 Non -parametric Upper Tolerance Limit
In those cases where more than 50%, but less than or equal to 90%, of the background data values
are less than the PQL for a given analyte or the background data fail to follow a normal or log-
normal distribution, downgradient values are compared to the non -parametric upper tolerance
limit. This procedure is done in accordance with the procedures summarized in the USEPA
guidance document (US -EPA, 2009).
3.5.6 Poisson Upper Prediction Limit
In those cases where more than 90% of the background data values are less than the PQL for a
given analyte, the downgradient values are compared to the Poisson upper prediction limit. These
comparisons are made in accordance with the procedure summarized in the USEPA guidance
document (US -EPA, 2009).
3.6 Surface Water Comparison to Standards
Surface water at the facility is currently monitored semiannually in conjunction with the
groundwater sampling events. Samples are collected from four surface water monitoring points,
SW-1, SW-2, SW-3, and SW-4. Surface water samples will be collected and analyzed for the
NCSWMR Appendix I list of constituents during both semiannual monitoring events. The results
will be compared to 15A NCAC 213 (NC2B) Surface Water Standards in a value -to -value
comparison. Some of the NC213 standards for metals are hardness -based, so the standards can be
adjusted based on the hardness of the surface water samples. If no hardness data are available, the
standards based on a presumed hardness of 25 mg/1 will be used. If no NC213 value is established
for a detected constituent, the results will be compare to the North Carolina Division of Water
Resources Surface Water Quality Standards Protective Values (PVs). If no NC213 standard or PV
are listed, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Nationally Recommended Water Quality
Criteria for Aquatic Life & Human Health values will be used. The most recent version of the
NC213 surface water standards table dated September 2017 is included in Appendix B.
4.0 ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY MONITOR RELEASES
Based on the hydrogeologic data available for the Oxford Landfill, no geological or hydrological
conditions have been identified which will interfere with effective monitoring of groundwater
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beneath the facility. The existing monitoring network is considered adequate to monitor this
facility. This Water Quality Monitoring Plan will be effective in providing detection of any release
of landfill constituents to the uppermost aquifer beneath the facility as well as monitoring of
existing releases, so as to be protective of public health and the environment.
5.0 REFERENCES
The references cited herein were used to prepare this document and may or may not be cited in
the text of this report.
Butler, J. Robert, and Secor, Jr., Donald T., 1991, The Central Piedmont, in Horton, J. W., Jr., and
Zullo, V. A., eds., The Geology of the Carolinas: The University of Tennessee Press, p.
59-78.
Joyce Engineering, Inc. (JOYCE), 2005a. Nature and Extent Study, Granville County Oxford
Landfill. May 2005.
JOYCE, 2005b. Assessment ofCorrective Measures, Granville County Oxford Landfill. May
2005.
JOYCE, 2005c. Quantitative RiskAssessment, Granville County Oxford Landfill. May 2005.
JOYCE, 2009. Corrective Action Plan, Granville County Oxford Landfill. March 2009.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDEQ), 2011. North
Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules. 15 NCAC 13B. Amended April 2011.
NCDEQ, 2007. North Carolina Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Corrective Action at Solid
Waste Management Facilities. March 2007.
NCDEQ, 2008. Solid Waste Section Guidelinesfor Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water
Sampling. April2008.
North Carolina Geological Survey, 1985, Geologic Map ofNorth Carolina: North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, scale 1:500000.
US -EPA, 2009. Statistical Analysis ofGroundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Unified
Guidance. March 2009.
Woodward -Clyde Consultants, 1994. Transition Plan, Oxford Landfill Granville County, North
Carolina. April 1994.
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6.0 ACRONYMS
ACM Assessment of Corrective Measures (report)
AOC Area of Concern
C&D Construction and Demolition Waste
CAP Corrective Action Plan (report)
CAER Corrective Action Evaluation Report (report)
CDLF Construction and Demolition Debris Landfill
COC Contaminant of Concern or Constituent of Concern
COC Chain of Custody (for samples to laboratory)
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources (now the NCDEQ)
DEQ See NCDEQ.
DL Detection Limit (for laboratory data)
DO Dissolved Oxygen
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
GPS Groundwater Protection Standard (per §.1604.g-h of the NCSWMR)
GWPS Groundwater Protection Standard (issued by the SWS)
IMAC Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration
JOYCE Joyce Engineering (a division of LaBella Associates)
LFG Landfill Gas
LEL Lower Explosive Limit
MNA Monitored Natural Attenuation
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
MW Monitoring Well
NC-2B North Carolina Surface Water Standards found in 15A NCAC 2B.0101
NC2L North Carolina Groundwater Standards found in 15A NCAC 2L.0202
NCAC North Carolina Administrative Code
NCDEQ North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (formerly DENR)
NCSWMR North Carolina Solid Waste Management Regulations (15A NCAC 13B.1600)
ND Not Detected (for laboratory data)
NES Nature and Extent Study (report)
O&M Operations and Maintenance
OSHA Occupational Health and Safety Association
PQL Practical Quantitation Limit (for laboratory data)
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride
QL Quantitation Limit (for laboratory data)
QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment (report)
RL Reporting Limit (for laboratory data)
SWQS Surface Water Quality Standards
SWS NCDEQ Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
SWSL North Carolina Solid Waste Section Reporting Limits (for laboratory data)
VOC Volatile Organic Compound
WQMP Water Quality Monitoring Plan (report)
Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01 March 2019
16
TABLES
TABLE 1: Monitoring Well Construction Data
Well ID Date Installed Northing Fasting GS Elev.
Ft-AMSL)
TOC Elev.
Ft-AMSL)
AR
Bedrock)
Feet BGS)
TD (Boring)
Feet BGS)
TD (Well)
Feet TOC)
TOC
Stick-up
Feet AGS)
Top
Screen
Feet BGS)
Top
Screen
Feet TOC)
Bottom
Screen
Feet BGS)
Bottom
Screen
Feet TOC)
Screened
Lithology
DTW
Feet TOC)
Comments
MW-IA 952141.6930 2110755.3908 535.18 538.18 22 22.00 25.00 3* 7.00 10.00 22.00 25.00 Saprolite 20.02
Former Unit 1 Background Well,
No longer Sampled,
Stick-up Estimated
MW-2 953940.0174 2110351.7384 517.00 518.62 21.00 27.50 29.12 1.62 12.50 14.12 27.50 29.12 Sap/BR 10.66 Unit 1 Compliance
MW-311 08/25/99 954025.5824 2111681.3905 501.32* 503.82 25.00 25.00 32.97 2.5* 14.00 21.97 24.00 31.97 Saprolite 20.24 Unit 1 Compliance
NM-4 22.00 7.00 22.00 Bedrock Not Sampled
MW-4R 08/26/99 954975.1334 2110797.9991 504.90 507.34 17.50 60.00 62.44 2.44 50.00 52.44 60.00 62.44 Bedrock 10.28 Unit 1 Compliance
MW-5 27.50 12.50 27.50 Sap/BR Not Sampled
MW-5R 08/25/99 954947.2480 2111685.6720 487.24 489.95 22.00 37.00 39.71 2.71 27.00 29.71 37.00 39.71 Bedrock 21.96 Unit 1 Compliance
MW-6R 08/25/99 954725.8325 2110287.6108 504.42 506.81 13.00 40.00 42.39 2.39 30.00 32.39 40.00 42.39 Bedrock 9.25 Unit 1 Compliance
NES-IS 05/01/04 955167.9708 2111057.1915 514.35 516.93 27.00 34.00 36.58 2.58 18.50 21.08 33.50 36.08 Sap/BR 29.90 Not Sampled
NES-1]) 05/01/04 955177.3548 2111054.7005 514.38 516.62 27.00 79.00 81.24 2.24 63.50 65.74 78.50 80.74 Bedrock 30.03 Abanonded
NES-2S 05/01/04 955091.2902 2111945.3411 474.53 477.20 9.00 21.50 24.17 2.67 11.00 13.67 21.00 23.67 Saprolite 9.14 Unit 1 Perfomance &
Unit 2 Compliance
NES-2]) 05/01/04 955081.7805 2111946.7398 474.72 477.43 21.50 66.50 69.21 2.71 51.00 53.71 66.00 68.71 Bedrock 5.00 Unit 1 Sentinel
MW-7 (former P-2) 07/28/08 953292.1160 2112043.4480 531.24 534.24 34.50 34.50 37.50 3.00 19.50 22.50 34.50 37.50 Saprolite 23.91 Units 1 & 2 Background Well
MW-8 05/05/12
07/18/12 953360.2000 2111527.6910 500.57 503.31 1.00 25.00 20.00 2.74 10.00 12.74 20.00 22.74 Bedrock Artesian Unit 2 Compliance
Leachate Tank Area
MW-9 (former P-9) 10/06/08 954799.7410 2112842.3890 485.05 487.51 1.50 40.00 43.00 2.46 20.00 22.46 40.00 42.46 Bedrock 8.30 Unit 2 Compliance
MW-10 (former P-10) 10/02/08 955136.0000 2112571.1750 481.81 484.92 6.00 30.00 32.90 3.11 15.00 18.11 30.00 33.11 Bedrock 8.15 Unit 2 Compliance
MW-11 (former P-13) 10/05/08 954795.8510 2111957.0410 476.43 478.72 6.00 20.00 22.90 2.30 5.00 7.30 20.00 22.30 Bedrock 6.80 Unit 2 Compliance
MW-12 (former P-21) 08/01/08 954077.4350 2112567.4920 519.29 521.30 31.00 50.00 52.30 2.00 40.00 42.00 50.00 52.00 Bedrock 30.75 Not Sampled
NOTES: AR = Auger Refusal (Estimate ofdepth to bedrock).
TD = Total Depth (ofboring or well/piezometer).
TOC = Top ofCasing (or deoth measured from TOC).
DTW = Depth to Water (as measured on 11/20/08).
GS = Ground Surface. * = estimated TOC Stickup, or estimated GS Elev.
BGS = Below ground surface. MW-3R survey data are after MW-3R was raised and resurveyed in 2012.
AGS = Above ground surface. MW-3R depths relative to TOC have been adjustedto the new TOC,
AMSL = Above mean sea level. but depths BGS have not been adjusted.
Granville County, Oxford Landfill
Permit # 39-01 Joyce Engineering
TABLE 2: Historical Groundwater Elevations
Background Unit 1 Downgradient Unit 1 Performance/Sentinel Unit 2 Downgradient
Well ID: MW-lA MW-7 MW-2 MW-3R MW-4R MW-5R MW-6R NES-lS NES-11) NES-2S NES-21) MW-8 MW-9 MW-10 MW-11 NES-2S
Well TOC Elev.: 538.18 534.24 518.62 503.82 507.34 489.95 506.81 516.93 516.62 477.20 477.43 503.31 487.51 484.92 478.72 477.20
Well Total Depth: 28.77 34.50 29.34 31.63 63.22 40.25 42.90 36.10 57.75 24.20 69.20 28.00 43.00 32.90 22.90 24.20
10-Sep-99 517.91 507.76 481.40 493.62 467.65 496.53
16-Nov-99 522.86 506.32 483.55 494.83 468.75 498.24
10-May-00 527.66 507.89 487.20 499.63 470.65 500.59
26-Oct-00 518.89 504.12 480.86 495.21 467.39 496.95
18-Apr-01 526.23 508.01 486.62 498.50 470.79 500.21
27-Oct-01 514.65 501.42 478.79 494.79 466.70 494.92
10-Jun-02 515.06 502.91 480.10 495.19 467.06 496.26
19-Nov-02 518.61 512.08 489.84 498.82 471.80 498.70
27-Jun-03 529.42 508.76 488.69 500.79 471.72 501.38
29-Dec-03 528.91 509.06 488.06 499.94 471.10 501.21
29-Jun-04 520.03 505.24 481.10 497.84 467.72 499.21
28-Dec-04 526.73 509.09 485.27 499.14 469.51 500.76
29-Jun-05 520.37 504.64 481.10 497.60 467.63 499.15
29-Dec-05 519.54 509.66 482.69 498.33 468.57 499.25
27-Jun-06 517.93 507.85 481.85 497.64 468.00 498.63
27-Dec-06 523.00 511.07 489.81 499.43 471.76 500.83 493.70 469.82
12-Jul-07 516.94 502.49 479.84 497.17 467.18 497.59
18-Dec-07 510.35 501.46 477.54 495.40 464.09 493.14
7-Jul-08 515.96 501.99 479.52 497.04 466.79 496.71
16-Dec-08 532.53 509.80 487.98 498.08 470.11 499.29 489.19 488.63 469.47 472.71
7-Jul-09 518.28 505.37 481.57 497.43 467.88 499.36 490.38 490.07 467.73 470.91
14-Dec-09 533.10 511.89 491.93 500.61 473.65 501.48 494.70 493.21 470.98 467.14
22-Jun-10 518.45 506.72 485.92 499.94 469.67 499.68 493.47 493.07 468.97 471.53
13-Dec-10 509.41 507.89 482.82 498.20 467.87 496.65 488.89 468.03
20-Jun-11 515.17 513.91 504.60 482.72 499.96 467.76 498.63 492.11 491.51 468.03 474.35
5-Dec-11 513.35 507.92 507.44 484.94 498.29 468.45 497.17 488.15 487.45 468.25 464.93
13-Jun-12 514.08 513.48 507.48 485.36 499.29 468.04 498.85 487.08 490.33 468.81 467.64 503.31 479.7 477.42 473.20 468.81
22-Aug-12 500.82 477.97 475.31 471.50 469.36
25-Sep-12 499.85 478.1 475.06 471.86 469.30
17-Oct-12 499.90 478 474.23 471.04 467.98
12-Dec-12 511.34 506.86 503.10 481.55 497.24 466.90 494.83 486.84 486.26 467.26 461.41
29-Apr-13 515.88 513.26 509.38 485.47 500.82 469.60 501.15 492.31 491.64 470.45 455.26
5-Aug-13 517.21 514.33 505.98 484.47 500.29 468.65 500.83 494.12 469.29 499.92 478.81 475.32 472.80 469.29
25-Feb-14 514.06 511.75 509.82 486.32 501.50 473.05 501.99 491.83 491.54 470.28 461.18 499.91 480.34 476.26 473.47 470.28
12-Aug-14 519.34 511.98 507.52 485.44 499.25 468.90 499.30 491.92 491.41 470.29 460.31 500.16 479.91 476.54 473.42 470.29
11-Mar-15 524.32 516.39 510.37 487.12 502.94 474.18 504.41 500.98 500.12 470.63 473.63 499.99 479.73 476.47 473.66 470.63
18-Aug-15 516.53 512.39 503.47 482.97 500.94 466.45 498.81 492.38 469.25 449.71 499.86 478.41 474.92 472.17 469.25
16-Feb-16 526.03 515.79 510.07 486.93 501.84 475.45 503.66 500.23 471.15 469.18 499.90 481.44 476.37 474.12 471.15
10-Aug-16 520.07 514.29 507.08 484.07 500.34 468.20 500.89 491.95 470.40 453.23 499.82 478.86 475.51 472.91 470.40
14-Feb-17 524.14 510.89 507.72 484.44 500.34 468.86 501.06 491.73 468.85 453.13 496.36 479.36 475.97 472.77 468.85
23-Aug-17 523.08 508.84 506.59 482.82 497.02 467.19 498.16 491.68 469.80 452.94 499.61 477.86 474.74 472.02 469.80
Notes:
TOC = top of casing.
Water levels are measured from TOC.
All elevations are in feet above mean sea level (ft-amsl).
data not available.
MW-7 added to monitoring network in early 2011.
Prior to December 2012, the TOC elevation for MW-3R was 498.35 ft-amsl.
Granville County, Oxford Landfill
Permit # 39-01 Joyce Engineering
TABLE 3: Groundwater Velocity Calculations
Date of Water Table Measurements: August 23, 2017
SEGMENT HORIZ. HYDRAULIC EFFECTIVE LINEAR
FLOW LINE
SEGMENT
SEGMENT
LENGTH
feet)
FLOW
DIRECTION
BEGIN & END
GW ELEVATION
feet-AMSL)
GRADIENT
i
CONDUCTIVITY
K
ft/day)
POROSITY
n e
VELOCITY
V
ft/year)
Z 1 1395 N 505 0.0215 2.54E+00 0.45 44.31
475
Z 2 1591 N 0.0220 2.54E+00 0.45 45.32475
Z 3 2165 N 0.0185 2.54E+00 0.45 38.06470
Average 0.0207 Average 42.56
Notes:
Linear flow velocity: V = Kiln e (modified Darcy equation).
Hydraulic conductivity (K) is based on the arithmetic mean of values from slug tests conducted at the facility.
Effective porosity (n e ) value is estimated at 85% of the laboratory -determined porosity for soil samples from the facility (n e = .53 x 85% = .45).
Refer to Drawing 1 for flow line segments.
Granville County, Oxford Landfill
Permit # 39-01 Joyce Engineering
FIGURE
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MAP DATE 10/15/15 1" = 2000'
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I — NOTES
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L
REVI BOUND RY I S 2. GROUNDWATER CONTOUR INTERVAL = 10 FEET
12 FROM WASTE)
499.61' I \ \ \ / I 3. GROUNDWATER CONTOURS BASED ON LINEAR
ro508.84 INTERPOLATION BETWEEN AND EXTRAPOLATION
FROM KNOWN DATA, TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOURS,
ON
AND KNOWN FIELD CONDITIONS. THEREFORE,
GROUNDWATER CONTOURS MAY NOT REFLECT
GRAPHIC SCALE ACTUAL GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS.
500- i I 1 S70 0 py -.0 100 200
4. STATIC WATER LEVELS MEASURED ON 08/23/17.
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APPENDIX A
Appendix I and Appendix II Constituents
with NC2L Standards and GWPS
NC Appendix I and Appnedix II Groundwater Constituents
NC App. I & II - Total Metals
NC App. # ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/l) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1)
NOTES
PQL MDL NC 2L IMAC SWS-GWPS
App. I Antimony 5 3.87
App. I Arsenic 10 5 10 RCRA METAL
App. I Barium 5 2.5 700 RCRA METAL)
App.I Beryllium 1 0.5 4 4
App. I Cadmium 1 0.5 2 RCRA METAL)
App. I Chromium 5 2.5 10 RCRA METAL
App.I Cobalt 5 2.5 1 1
App. I Copper 5 2.5 1,000 EPA MCL is a secondary standard.
App. I Lead 5 2.5 15 EPA MCL is an action level. (RCRA METAL)
App. I Nickel 5 2.5 100
App. I Selenium 10 5 20 RCRA METAL)
App. I Silver 5 2.5 20 EPA MCL is a secondary standard. (RCRA METAL).
App. I Thallium 10 5 0.2 0.28
App. I Vanadium 5 2.5 0.3 0.3
App. I Zinc 10 5 1,000 EPA MCL is a secondary standard. (AL) = NC213 Action Level
App. II Mercury 0.2 0.1 1 RCRA METAL)
App. II Tin 5 2.5 2,000 2,000
NC App. II - Cyanide/ Sulfide
NC App. # ANALYTE LAB. LIMITS (µg/l) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1) NOTES
PQL MDL NC 2L IMAC SWS-GWPS
App. II Cyanide 0.0081 0.004
App. 11 Sulfide 0.1 0.1
NC - Additional Constituents for C&D Landfills
NC App. # ANALYTE LAB. LIMITS (µg/1) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/I) NOTES
PQL MDL NC 2L IMAC SWS-GWPS
C&D Alkalinity
C&D Chloride 250,000
C&D Iron 300
C&D Manganese 50
C&D Mercury I RCRA Metal)
C&D Sulfate 250,000
C&D Total Dissolved Solids TDS 500,000
C&D Tetrahydrofuran (THE) PerNCDEQ Memo dated June 25, 2010.
C&D pH
C&D Temperature
C&D Specific Conductance
NC App. I & II - Method 8260
NC App. # ANALYTE LAB. LIMITS (µg/l) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1) NOTES
PQL MDL NC 2L IMAC SWS-GWPS
App.I Acetone 25 10 6,000
App.I Acrylonitrile 10 1.88
App. I Benzene 1 0.25 1
App. I Bromochloromethane 1 0.17 0.6
Ann. I Bromodichloromethane 1 0.18 0.6 MCL for total trihalomethanes
App. I Bromoform 1 0.26 4 MCL for total trihalomethanes
App. I Carbon disulfide 2 1.15 700
App. I Carbon tetrachloride 1 0.25 0.3
App. I Chlorobenzene 1 0.23 50
App. I Chloroethane 1 0.54 3,000
App. I Chloroform 1 0.14 70 MCL for total trihalomethanes
App. I Dibromochloromethane 1 0.21 0.4 0.41 MCL for total trihalomethanes
Ann. I 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloro ro ane (DBCP) 2 2 0.04
App. I 1,2-Dibromoethane (ED13) 1 0.27 0.02
App. I o-Dichlorobenzene/ 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1 0.3 20
App.I p-Dichlorobenzene/ 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1 0.33 6
App. I trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene 1 1
App.I 1,1-Dichloroethane 1 0.32 6
App.I 1,2-Dichloroethane 1 0.24 0.4
App. I 1,1-Dichloroethylene 1 0.56 350 Changed from 7 (MCL) to 350 µg/L in April 2013 (for public water
supplies or drinking wells, the MCL - 7 µg/L still applies.)
App. I cis- 1,2-Dichloroeth lene 1 0.19 70
App. I trans- l,2-Dichloroeth lene 1 0.49 100
App.I 1,2-Dichloropropane 1 0.27 0.6
App.I cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 1 0.13 0.4
App. I trans- l,3-Dichloro ro ene 1 0.26 0.4
App. I Eth lbenzene 1 0.3 600
App. I 2-Hexanone / Methyl butyl ketone (MBK) 5 0.46 40 280
App. I Methyl bromide / Bromomethane 2 0.29 10 10
App. I Methyl chloride / Chloromethane 1 0.11 3
App. I Methylene bromide / Dibromomethane 1 0.21 70 70
App. I Methylene chloride / Dichloromethane 1 0.97 5
App. I Methyl ethyl ketone / 2-Butanone (MEK) 5 0.96 4,000
App. I Methyl iodide / Iodomethane 5 0.32
App. I 4-Meth 1-2- entanone / Methyl isobutyl ketone 5 0.33 100 560
App.I Styrene 1 0.26 70
App. I 1, 1, 1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1 0.33 1 1
App. 1 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1 0.4 0.2 0.18
App. I Tetrachloroeth lene (PCE) 1 0.46 0.7
App.I Toluene 1 0.26 600
App.I 1, 1, 1 -Trichloroethane 1 0.48 200
App.I 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1 0.29 0.6 0.6
App. I Trichloroeth lene 1 0.47 3
App. I Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) 1 0.2 2,000
App.I 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 1 0.41 0.005
Ann. I Vinyl acetate 2 0.35 88 88
App. I Vinyl chlorideVinylXylenes 1 0.62 0.0303
App. I total) 1 0.62 Includes o-xylene, p-xylene, andunspecified xylenes
dimeth 1 benzenes (CAS RN 1330-20-7].
NC App. H - Method 8260
NC App. # ANALYTE LAB. LIMITS (µg/l) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1) NOTESPQLMDLNC2LIMACSWS-GWPS
App. II Acetonitrile (methyl cyanide) 50 2.21 42
App. 11 Acrolein 10 1.59 4 4
App. II Allyl chloride (3-chloroprene) 2 1.54
App. II Chloroprene 5 0.27
App.II m-Dichlorobenzene/ 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1 0.24 200
App. 11 Dichlorodifluoromethane 1 0.21 1,000
App. II 1,3-Dichloropropane 1 0.28
App. II 2,2-Dichloropropane 1 0.13
App. Il 1,1-Dichloro ro ene 1 0.49
App. II Isobutyl alcohol / Isobutanol 100 35
App. II Methacrylonitrile 10 0.93
App. II Methyl methacrylate 1 1.96 25 25
App. 11 Pro ionitrile 20 3.65
App. II 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1 0.35 70 70
App. II Naphthalene 1 0.24 6
App. II Hexachlorobutadiene 1 0.71 0.4 0.44
App. Il Ethyl methacrylate 1 0.2
1,4-Dioxane 3
Page 1 of 3
NC Appendix I and Appnedix II Groundwater Constituents
NC App. II - Method 8270
App. # ANALYTE LAB. LIMITS (µg/1) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (jig/1)NC NOTES
PQL MDL NC 2L IMAC SWS-GWPS
App. II Acenaphthene 10 1.6 80
App. II Acenaphthylene 10 1.48 200
App. it Aceto henone 10 1.93 700 700
App. H 2-Acetylaminofluorene 20 1.64
App. II 4-Aminobiphenyl 10 1.69
App. Il Anthracene 10 1.71 2,000
App. 11 Benzo[a]anthracene; Benzanthracene 10 2.11 0.05
App. II Benzo b fluoranthene 10 2.19 0.05
App. II Benzo[k]fluoranthene 10 1.99 0.5
App. It Benzo[g,h,i]perylene 10 2.08 200
App. 11 Benzo[a]pyrene 10 2.21 0.005
App. Il Benzyl alcohol 20 3.08 700 700
App. II Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane 10 1.62
App. II Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 10 1.71 0.031
App. II Bis(2-chloro-l-meth leth 1)ether 10 1.62 Bis (2-chloroiso ro 1) ether
A. II Bis 2-eth ]hex 1 hthalate 6 2.3 3
App. II 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 10 1.49
App. II Butyl benzyl phthalate 10 2.49 1,000
App. II Chloroaniline (4-Chloroaniline) 20 2.81
App.11 Chlorobenzilate 10 2.22
App. II p-Chloro-m-cresol (4-chloro-3-methylphenol) 20 2.84
App.Il 2-Chloronaphthalene 10 1.63
App. II 2-Chloro henol 10 1.51 0.4
App. Il 4-Chloro hen l phenyl ether 10 1.55
App. II Chrysene 10 2.09 5
App. Il m-Cresol (3-Methylphenol) 10 1.43 400 PQL & MDL for m&p Cresol (combined)
App. 11 o-Cresol 10 1.61 400 400
App. II Cresol 4-Meth 1 henol) 10 1.43 40 PQL & MDL for m&p Cresol (combined)
App.11 Diallate 10 1.61
App. II Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 10 2.03 0.005
App.II Dibenzofuran 10 1.68 28 28
App. 11 Di-n-butylphthalate 10 1.98 700
App. II 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine 20 3.86
App. II 2,4-Dichlorophenol 50 5.08 0.98 0.98
App. II 2,6-Dichloro henol 10 1.53
App. II Diethyl phthalate 10 2 6,000
App. II O,O-Diethyl 0-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate 20 1.68 Thionazine / Thionazin
App. II Dimethoate 10 1.84
App. 11 Dimeth lamino)azobenzene 5 1.03
App. I1 7,12-Dimeth lbenz a anthracene 10 2.38
App. II 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine 20 3.86
App. II 2,4-Dimethylphenol (M-xylenol) 10 1.61 100
App. 11 Dimeth 1 phthalate 10 1.41
App. II m-Dinitrobenzene / 1,3-Dinitrobenzene 20 1.26
App. II 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (2-methyl 4,6-dinitrolphenol) 20 2.25 4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol
App. II 2,4-Dinitrophenol 50 5.08
App. II 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 10 1.53 0.1 0.1
App. 11 2,6-Dinitrotoluene 10 1.38
App. II Di-n-octyl phthalate 10 1.49 100
App. II Diphenylamine 10 1.45
App.II Disulfoton 10 1.52 0.3
App. II Ethyl methanesulfonate 20 1.57
App. II Famphur 10 5.66
App. II Fluoranthene 10 2.22 300
Ap .II Fluorene 10 1.56 300
NC App. II - Method 8270
NC App. # ANALYTE LAB. LIMITS (µg/1) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1) NOTES
PQL MDL NC 2L IMAC SWS-GWPS
App. 11 Hexachlorobenzene 10 1.66 0.02
App. II Hexachlorocylopentadiene 10 1.34 50
App. I1 Hexachloroethane 10 1.84 2.5
App. Il Hexachloro ro ene 10 1.17
App.II Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene 10 2.05 0.05
App. II Isodrin 20 2.5
App.Il Isophorone 10 1.5 40
App. 11 Isosafrole 10 1.48
App. Il Ke one 10 4.47
App.Il Methapyrilene 50 3.03
App.I1 3-Methylcholanthrene 10 2.68
App. Il Methyl methanesulfonate 5 1.09
App. Il 2-Meth lna hthalene 10 1.42 30
App. II Methyl parathion 10 1.6
App. II 1,4-Naphthoquinone 5 0.99
App. II 1-Na hth lamine 5 1.32
App. II 2-Na hth lamine 5 2.18
App. II o-Nitroaniline (2-Nitroaniline) 50 2.26
App. II m-Nitroaniline (3-Nitroaniline) 50 2.66
App. II Nitroaniline (4-Nitroaniline) 20 3.37
App. 11 Nitrobenzene 10 1.61
App. II 5-Nitro-o-toluidine 10 1.89
App. II o-Nitrophenol (2-Nitrophenol) 10 1.65
App. I[ Nitro henol (4-Nitrophenol) 50 4.26 App.
If N-Nitrosodieth lamine 20 1.35 App.
Il N-Nitrosodimethylamine 10 1.59 0.0007 App.
II N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 10 1.57 App.
11 N-Nitrosodi hen lamine 10 1.71 App.
11 N-Nitrosodipropylamine 10 1.45 App.
II N-Nitrosomethylethylamine 10 1.37 App.
II N-Nitrosopiperidine 20 1.68 App.
It N-Nitrosopyrrolidine 10 1.67 App.
If Parathion 10 1.54 App.
Il Pentachlorobenzene 10 1.46 App.
I1 Pentachloronitrobenzene 20 1.66 App.
Phenacetin 20 1.91 App.
11 Phenanthrene 10 1.59 200 App.
Il Phenol 10 1.29 30 App.
Il p-Phenylenediamine 10 2.24 App.
11 Phorate 10 1.72 1 App.
If Pronamide 10 1.98 App.
II Pyrene 10 2.2 200 App.
II Safmle 10 1.3 App.
II 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 10 1.3 2 2 App.
11 2,3,4,6-Tetrachloro henol 10 2.92 200 App.
II o-Toluidine 10 1.69 App.
II 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 10 1.5 63 63 App.
II 2,4,6-Trichloro henol 10 1.44 4 4 App.
II O,O,O-Trieth 1 phosphorothioate 10 1.7 App.
II 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 10 1.18 App.
Il Hexachlorobutadiene 1 0.71 0.4 0.44 App.
II Ethyl methacrylate 1 1.96 A .
Il Naphthalene 1 0.24 6 App.
Il Pentachlorophenol 25 3.52 0.3 1,
4-Dioxane 3 Page
2 of 3
NC Appendix I and Appnedix II Groundwater Constituents
NC App. II - Pesticides Method 8081
NC App. # ANALYTE LAB. LIMITS (µg/1) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µgA) NOTES
P L MDL NC 2L IMAC SWS-GWPS
App. II Aldrin 0.05 0.05 0.002 0.002
App. II alpha-BHC 0.05 0.05 0.006
App. II beta-BHC 0.05 0.05 0.019
App. 11 delta-BHC 0.019
App. II gamma-BHC (Lindane) 0.05 0.05 0.03
App. II Chlordane 0.2 0.2 0.1 chlordane (CAS RN 5103-74-2), gamma -chlordane (CAS RN 566-
34-7), and constituents ofchlordane (CAS RN 57-74-9 and 12672-29
App. 11 4,4'-DDD 0.05 0.05 0.1
App. II 4,4'-DDE 0.05 0.05 0.1 Listed as "DDE" in IMAC table
App. II 4-4'-DDT 0.05 0.05 0.1
App.II Dieldrin 0.05 0.05 0.002
App. II Endosulfan 1 0.05 0.05 40
App. II Endosulfan II 0.05 0.05 42
App. I1 Endosulfan sulfate 0.05 0.05 40 40
App. 11 Endrin 0.05 0.05 2
App. II Endrin aldehyde 0.05 0.05 2
App.I1 Heptachlor 0.05 0.05 0.008
App. I1 Heptachlor epoxide 0.05 0.05 0.004
App. 11 Methox chlor 0.15 0.15 40
App. Il Toxaphene 0.2 0.2 0.03
Includes congener chemicals contained in technical toxaphene (CAS
RN 8001-35-2) such as chlorinated camphene.
NC App. II - PCB's Method 8082
NC App. # ANALYTE LAB. LIMITS (µgA) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µgA) NOTES
P L MDL NC 2L IMAC SWS-GWPS
App. 11 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 0.5 0.5 0.09 0.09
This category contains congener chemicals, including constituents of
Aroclor 1016 (CAS RN 12674-11-2), Aroclor 1221 (CAS RN 11104
28-2), Aroclor 1232 (CAS RN 11141-16-5), Aroclor 1242 (CAS RN
53469-21-9), Aroclor 1248 (CAS RN 12672-29-6), Aroclor 1254
CAS RN 11097-69-1)).
NC App. H - herbicides 8151
NC App. # ANALYTE LAB. LIMITS (µg/1) GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µgA) NOTES
p L MDL NC 2L IMAC SWS-GWPS
App. II 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 0.9403 0.224 70
App. II Dinoseb (DNBP); 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol 0.1889 0.057 7 7
App. II Silvex (2,4,5-TP) 0.1901 0.049 50
App. II 2,4,5-Trichloro henox acetic acid 2,4,5-T) 0.1895 0.042 63
App. I1 Pentachloro henol 0.0284 0.017 0.3
Notes:
0 Color denotes NC App. I Constituents.
0 Color denotes remaining NC App. II Constituents.
Color denotes C&D Constituents.
0 Color denotes constituents that can be analyzed by more than one method.
PQL = Practical Quantitation Limit.
MDL = Method Detection Limit.
NC2L = Groundwater Standard from 15A NCAC 2L.0202.
IMAC = Interim Maximum Allowable Concentrations.
SWS-GWPS = NCDEQ Solid Waste Section Groundwater Protection Standards.
PQLs & MDLs based on communication from Pace Analytical on 6/07/2018.
CAS RN: Chemical Abstracts Service RegistryNumber. Where 'Total' is entered, all species that contain the element areincluded.
Class: General type of compound.
OP = orthophosphate.
PAH = polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon.
not available/notapplicable
Last update ofNC2L and IMACs was April 2013.
1,4-Dioxane analysis is required for all landfills effective July 1, 2018, per the NCDEQ Solid Waste Section memorandum dated May 29, 2018.
Page 3 of 3
APPENDIX B
NC 2B Surface Water Standards
NC 2B Surface Water Standards - August 2017
North Carolina 15A NCAC 02B Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters
Freshwater Fresh & Salt Saltwater
Class WS All waters All waters All watersClassB Class SB Class SA Supplemental Classifications
I - V) (Class C) (Class C & SC) (Class SC)
Aquatic Life' & Aquatic Life' High
Pollutant or
Primary
a
Water
6 Secondary
Fish
Secondary
Primary
6
sShellfish 2Trout
Swamp5 Quality Synonyms & Other
Cancer Reference Source
CAS ry Recreation Supply 4 Consumption 4 Recreation Waters ioEndpoint See supporting infoParameterRecreationRecreationWatersInformation
FC & WS) tab)
All values reported as ug/L unless labeled otherwise.
EPA QCW 1986; EPAAldrin309-00-2 0.00005 0.002 0.00005 0.003 Yes
HHCCM 2002
Ammonia Nitrogen 2000 (E) Effluent Limit. As NH3-N NA NC
Acute: Acute:
340 (d) Dissolved metal for aquatic EPA NRWQC (AL);
Arsenic" 7440-38-2 10 (t) 10 (t) 69 (d) Chronic: Yes
Chronic: life, Total metal for HH & WS EPA NPDWR 2006
36 (d)
150 d
Barium 7440-39-3 1000 (t) I I I No I IRIS & RAIS 11/08
Benzene 71-43-2 1.19 1 51 Yes IRIS 2000
Acute: 65 NC calculation. Based
Beryllium 7440-41-7 d) Chronic: Dissolved metal for aquatic NA on LC50 data from
6.5 (d)
life
EPA AWQC 1980
Biological Oxygen 5000 (E) Effluent Limit NA NC
Demand (BOD)
Acute:
Acute: Acute: Click to calculate
Calc (d,h) EPA AWQC 2001 + GEI
Cadmium 7440-43-9 40 (d) Chronic: Calc freshwater aquatic life NAChronic:
Calc(d,h)8.8 d) d,h)
CED recalculation
standard
Benzinoform, CarbonCarbonTetrachloride56-23-5 0.254 1.6 Yes EPA NRWQC(HH)2002
Chloride
EPA NRWQC(HH)
Chlordane 57-74-9 0.0008 0.004 0.0008 0.004 Yes 2002;EPA AWQC
1980
EPA NRWQC(AL); EPA
Chloride 16887-00-6 250000 230000 No NSDWR
Chlorine, Total 7782-50-5 17 TRC NA EPA QCW 1986Residual
Total of all Chlorinated
Chlorinated Benzenes NA 488 (total) NA EPA AWQC 1980Benzenes
1.0 (N) Aesthetic standard. See 15A EPA AWQC 1980 & Chlorinated Phenols NA
aesthetic NCAC 02B .0211 and .0212
NA
EPA QCW 1976
Chlorophyll -a, See 15A NCAC 0213.0211, 479-61-8 40 (N) 40 (N) 15 (N) NA NC
Corrected 0220, and .0223
Acute: Click to calculate
Cale (d,h) EPA NRWQC- Chromium III" 16065-83-1 freshwater aquatic life NAChronic: Correction 1999
standardCalc (d,h)
Acute: Acute: 16 Hexavalent Chromium;
1100 (d) EPA NRWQC-
Chromium VI" 18540-29-9 d) Chronic: Dissolved metal for aquatic NA
11(d) Chronic: 50 life Correction 1999
d
14/100 mL See 15A NCAC 02B .0211, NC; EPA NRWQC
Coliform Bacteria, 2001100NA 200/100 mL and < 43/100 0219 & .0222 for additional NA 1986; FDA NSSP for SAFecalmLmLrequirementswaters
Acute: Acute: Click to calculate
Calc (d,h) 4.8 (d) EPA NRWQC-
Copper" 7440-50-8 freshwater aquatic life NA
Chronic: Chronic: Correction 1999
standardCalc (d,h) 3.1 d
Cyanide, Total 57-12-5 5 1 NA EPA NRWQC 2009
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic
2,4-D 94-75-7 70 Acid, Chlorophenoxy No 40 CFR 141.50
Herbicide
EPA AWQC 1980 (AL);
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroeth
4,4'-DDT 50-29-3 0.0002 0.001 0.0002 0.001 Yes NRWQC 2002
ane
HHCCM
Demeton 8065-48-3 0.1 0.1 NA EPA QCW 1986
Dieldrin 60-57-1 0.00005 0.002 0.00005 0.002 Yes EPA QCW 1986
0.000005 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p EPA NRWQC 2002
Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) 1746-01-6 0.000005 ng/L Yes
ng/L dioxin HHCCM)
Measured as %saturation.
Dissolved Gases NA 110% sat (N) 110% sat (N) See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and NA EPA QCW 1986
0220
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and
26.0 0220 for additional EPAQCW 1986, NCDissolvedOxygenNAN) N) N) 6 mg/L (E) NA
mg/L (N) requirements. Effluent Limit for HQW
for HQW
Dissolved Solids NA 500000 Total dissolved solids NA EPA QCW 1986
Endosulfan 115-29-7 0.05 0.009 NA EPA AWQC 1980
Endrin 72-20-8 1 0.002 0.002 1 1 NA EPA AWQC 1980
See 15A NCAC 026 .0220 &
Enterococcus Bacteria NA 35/100 mL 35/100 mL 0222 for additional NA BEACH Act 2000
requirements
Fluoride 16984-48-8 1800 NA ECOTOX
Guthion 86-50-0 0.01 0.01 NA EPA QCW 1986
Hardness NA 100 mg/L As CaCO3 or Ca & Mg NA EPA QCW 1963
EPA NRWQC(HH)
Heptachlor 76-44-8 0.00008 0.004 0.00008 0.004 Yes 2002;EPA AWQC
1980
EPA NRWQC 2002Hexachlorobutadiene87-68-3 0.44 18 HCBD Yes HHCCM
Acute: Acute: Click to calculate EPA AWQC - Lead
Calc (d,h) 210 (d)
Lead" 7439-92-1 freshwater aquatic life NA 1984; EPA NRWQC-
Chronic:
Calc WIN
Chronic:
8.1 d
Correction 1999standard
Lindane, g-BHC 58-89-9 0.01 0.004 Gamma-BHC, g-HCH NA EPA QCW 1976
EPA QCW - Mercury
1986; Based on Final
Mercury 7439-97-6 0.012 (t) 0.025 (t) NA
Residual Value (fish
tissue
Methoxychlor 72-43-5 0.03 0.03 NA EPA QCW 1986
Methylene -blue See 15A NCAC 02B .0212, 5 adopted forActiveSubstances61-73-4 0214, .0215, .0216, and NA
MBAS tiaesthetice 0218 aesthetics in 2003
Mirex 2385-85-5 0.001 0.001 NA EPA QCW 1986
Acute: Acute: Click to calculate
Nickel" 744-02-0 25 (t)
Calc (d,h) 74 (d)
No
EPA NRWQC-
freshwater aquatic lifeChronic: Chronic: 8.2 Correction 1999
standardCalcWINd
Nitrate nitrogen 14797-55-8 10000 No EPA QCW 1986
See 15A NCAC 02B .0212.
Non -point Source NA N) NA NCIncludesstormwater.
Nitrogen & Phosphorus. SeeNutrientsN) NA NC
15A NCAC 02B .0223 & .0224.
Page 1 of 2
NC 213 Surface Water Standards - August 2017
North Carolina 15A NCAC 02B Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters
Freshwater Fresh & Salt Saltwater
Class WS All waters All waters All watersClassB Class SB Class SA Supplemental Classifications
I - V) (Class C) (Class C & SC) (Class SC)
Aquatic Life' & Aquatic Life' High
Pollutant or
Primary
s
Water
e Secondary
Fish
3 Secondary Primary
s
sShellfish ZTrout
Swamp5 Quality Synonyms & Other
Cancer Reference Source
CAS q Recreation Supply 4 Consumption 4 Recreation Waters Waters ioEndpoint See supporting infoParameterRecreationRecreationInformation
FC & WS) tab)
All values reported as ug/L unless labeled otherwise.
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 andOilandGreaseNAN) N) NA EPA QCW 19760220.
Parathion 56-38-2 0.013 0.178 NA EPA AWQC 1986
Total of all polychlorinated EPA QCW 1976; EPA
PCB, Total NA 0.001 (total) 0.000064 (total) 0.001 (total) biphenyls (PCBs) and all Yes NRWQC 2002
congeners. HHCCM)
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and
pH NA 6.0-9.0 (N) 6.8-8.5 (N) N) 0220 for addition NA EPA QCW 1976
requirements
Aesthetic narrative standard
300 (P) 300 (P) for taste & odor in fishPhenolicCompoundsNA NA EPA QCW 1976aestheticaesthetictissue. Based on public policy
document.
Total of benzo(a)anthracene,
benzo(a)pyrene,
Polynuclear Aromatic benzo(b)fluoranthene,
Hydrocarbons(PAH), NA Do 0.0311 (total) benzo(k)fluoranthene, Yes EPA QCW 1986total) tal) Total chrysene,
dibenz(a,h)anthracene,and
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
Radioactive See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and 40 CFR 141.26
NA N) N) NA adopted bySubstances0220fordetails
reference
Salinity NA N) See 15A NCAC 02B.0220 NA EPA QCW 1986
Selenium 7782-49-2 5 (t) 71 (t) NA EPA AWQC 1987
See 15A NCAC 026 .0211,
0220 & .0221. Includes
Sewage & other NA N) N) N) N) sewage, industrial wastes, NA
wastes
non -process industrial waste,
or other wastes
Acute: Acute: Click to calculate acute
Silver" 7440-22-4 Calc (d,h) 1.9 (d) NA EPA AWQC 1980freshwateraquaticlife
Chronic: Chronic:
standard0.06 d 0.1 d
Silvex 93-72-1 10 2,4,5-TP, 2,4,5- No EPA QCW 1986TrichlorophenoxypropionoicAcid
See 15A NCAC 0213.0211,
0220&.0221.IncludesSolidsNAN) N) N) NA EPA QCW 1986floating, settleable & sludge
solids.
Sulfates NA 250000 NA NSDWR2003
Total suspended solids
Suspended Solids NA
10000 20000
Effluent Limit. See 15A NCAC NA EPA QCW 1986
02B .0224
NCAC 02B .0208,.0211, and
Temperature NA N) N) NA EPA QCW 1986
0220 for details
1,1,2,2 Acetosol, Acetylene79-34-5 0.17 4 Yes EPA NRWQC(HH) 2006TetrachloroethaneTetrachloride
Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 0.7 3.3 PERC, PCE, Yes EPA NRWQC(HH) 2006
Perchloroeth lene
NC Dept. ofNatural
Toluene 108-88-3 11 0.36 Methyl Benzene, Phenyl NA Resources and
Methane Community Development
study 1986
Toxaphene 8001-35-2 0.0002 0.0002 NA EPA AWQC 1986
Effluent Limit. See 15A NCAC
Toxic Substances E) 02B .0224 for additional NA NC
requirements
Trialkyltin compounds NA 0.07 0.007 Expressed as Tributyltin NA EPA NRWQC 2004
Trichloroethylene 79-01-6 2.5 30 TCE Yes EPA NRWQC(HH) 2002
Streams <
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and50NTU, 10
0220 for more details. NTU = Turbidity NA Lakes & 25 NTU (N) NTU NA EPA QCW 1972NephelomTurbidityReservoirs < 25 N)
NTU(N)
Unitsits
Vinyl Chloride 75-01-4 0.025 2.4 Chloroethylene Yes EPA NRWQC(HH) 2006
Acute: Acute: 90 Click to calculate
freshwater aquatic lifeZinc" 7440-66-6 Calc (d,h) d) Chronic: NA
EPA NRWQC-
Chronic:
81(d)
Correction 1999
Calc WIN standard
The values in these tables do not substitute for any written regulations, nor are they themselves regulations.
Hardness -Dependent Meta[ Calculations
Enter in -stream
Metal Equations for Hardness -Dependent Metals (ug/L) Calculated standard (ug/L) hardness (mg/L)
Cadmium, acute WER*[{1.136672-[In hardness](0.041838))*e^(0.9151[ln hardness]-3.1485)] 25 0.82
Cadmium, chronic WER*[{1.101672-[In hardness](0.041838))*e^{0.7998[ln hard ness]-4.4451)] 25 0.15
Cadmium, acute, trout waters WER*[11.136672-[In hardness](0.041838))*e^{0.9151[In hardness]-3.62361] 25 0.51
Chromium III, acute WER*[0.316*e^{0.8190[In hardness]+3.7256)] 25 183.07
Chromium III, chronic WER*[0.860*e^{0.8190[In hardness]+0.6848)] 25 23.81
Copper, acute WER*[0.960*e^{0.9422[In hardness]-1.70011 25 3.64
Copper, chronic WER*[0.960*e^{0.8545[ln hardness]-1.7021] 25 2.74
Lead, acute WER*[{1.46203-[In hardness](0.145712))*e^{1.273[ln hardness]-1.460)] 25 13.88
Lead, chronic WER*[{1.46203-[In hardness](0.145712))*e^(1.273[ln hardness]-4.705)] 25 0.54
Nickel, acute WER*[0.998*e^{0.8460[ln hardness]+2.2551] 25 144.92
Nickel, chronic WER*[0.997*e^{0.8460[In hardness]+0.0584)] 25 16.10
Silver, acute WER*[0.85*e^(1.72[ln hardness]-6.59)] 25 0.30
Zinc, acute WER*[0.978*e^{0.8473[In hardness]+0.884)] 25 36.20
Zinc, chronic WER*[0.986*e^{0.8473[ln hardness]+0.884)] 25 36.50
See the Supporting Info tab for information on all footnotes, notes, and abbreviations
Page 2 of 2
APPENDIX C
Example Field Logs and
Chain of Custody
jLJ&=
E"C31"E E RI"G
DATE:
GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOG
Project Name: Oxford Unit 1, Granville Co. Project No. /Task No.:
Well ID: Sampler(s):
Well Location:
Well Diameter: inches
Initial Depth to Water (DTW): feet
Depth to Bottom (DTB): feet
Water Column Thickness (WCT): feet [DTB-DTW]
Calculation for One Well Volume (WV):
For 2" Well: WCT X 0.163 =
For 4" Well: WCT X 0.653 =
For THREE Well Volumes: WV X 3 =
Actual Amount Purged/Bailed:
Purged with:
Sampled with:
Depth to Water before Sampling: - feet
Ions
Ions
Ions
Ions
Gallons
Purgedg
Time pH
Temp.
C
Cond.
µS/m
Dis.02
mg/l
Turb.
ntu
ORP
my
Initials
Before
Sampling
Comments (weather conditions, odor, color, silt, etc.):
Signature: Date:
QA/QC Sign Off: Date:
DATE:
jLJ r, arm
E"C3 11\I E E F ? IP4 L3 SURFACE WATER MONITORING LOG
Project Name: Oxford, Unit 1, Granville Co. Project/Task No.:
Surface Point ID:
Location:
Field Parameters:
Time of Sampling:
pH:
Temperature:
Conductivity:
Turbidity:
Sampler(s):
µS/m)
ntu)
Comments/Sample Description (weather conditions, odor, color, silt, etc.):
Signature:
Sketch of Sample Location (include flow direction, drainage pathways, etc.).
Date:
QA/QC Sign Off: Date:
1 !''v/rCjur ` o
ENGINEEF?ING
GREENSBORO,NC
2211 West Meadowview Rd. Suite 101
Greensboro, NC 27407
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
CHARLESTON,SC
3251 Landmark Drive #240
North Charleston, SC 29418
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
RICHMOND, VA
1604 Ownby Lane
Richmond, VA 23220
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD MATRIX TYPE REQUIRED ANALYSIS PAGE OF
W
Q
O
C.D L1
z
Ca
a
O
a
d
F
U
a
W
x
O
PROJECT NAME:
STANDARD REPORT
DELIVERY
EXPEDITED REPORT
DELIVERY
DATE DUE:
PROJECT NUMBER:
PROJECT MANAGER:
SAMPLERS:
SAMPLE
SAMPLE ID DATE TIME GRAB COMP REMARKS
1
3
4
5
6
7
3
9
10
11
12
13
RELINQUISHED BY (SIGNATURE): DATE: TIME: CUSTODY INTACT
YES
NO
DATA REPORT LEVEL
LEVELI LEVELIII
LEVEL II LEVEL IV
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
RECEIVED BY (SIGNATURE): DATE: TIME:
RELINQUISHED BY (SIGNATURE): DATE: TIME: RELINQUISHED BY (SIGNATURE): DATE: TIME: LABORATORY:
RECEIVED BY (SIGNATURE): DATE: TIME: RECEIVED BY (SIGNATURE): DATE: TIME:
Created: 11/5/07 Version: 1.01
APPENDIX D
Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and
Surface Water Sampling (April 2008)
Solid Waste Section
Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface
Water Sampling
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE SECTION
General Sampling Procedures
The following guidance is provided to insure a consistent sampling approach so that sample
collection activities at solid waste management facilities provide reliable data. Sampling must
begin with an evaluation of facility information, historical environmental data and site geologic
and hydrogeologic conditions. General sampling procedures are described in this document.
Planning
Begin sampling activities with planning and coordination. The party contracting with the
laboratory is responsible for effectively communicating reporting requirements and evaluating
data reliability as it relates to specific monitoring activities.
Sample Collection
Contamination Prevention
a.) Take special effort to prevent cross contamination or environmental contamination
when collecting samples.
1. If possible, collect samples from the least contaminated sampling location
or background sampling location, if applicable) to the most contaminated
sampling location.
2. Collect the ambient or background samples first, and store them in
separate ice chests or separate shipping containers within the same ice
chest (e.g. untreated plastic bags).
3. Collect samples in flowing water at designated locations from upstream to
downstream.
b.) Do not store or ship highly contaminated samples (concentrated wastes, free product,
etc.) or samples suspect of containing high concentrations of contaminants in the
same ice chest or shipping containers with other environmental samples.
1. Isolate these sample containers by sealing them in separate, untreated
plastic bags immediately after collecting, preserving, labeling, etc.
2. Use a clean, untreated plastic bag to line the ice chest or shipping
container.
c.) All sampling equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated and transported in a
manner that does not allow it to become contaminated. Arrangements should be
made ahead oftime to decontaminate any sampling or measuring equipment that will
be reused when taking samples from more than one well. Field decontamination of
Rev 4-08
sampling equipment will be necessary before sampling each well to minimize the risk
of cross contamination. Decontamination procedures should be included in reports as
necessary. Certified pre -cleaned sampling equipment and containers may be used.
When collecting aqueous samples, rinse the sample collection equipment with a
portion of the sample water before taking the actual sample. Sample containers do not
need to be rinsed. In the case ofpetroleum hydrocarbons, oil and grease, or
containers with pre -measured preservatives, the sample containers cannot be rinsed.
d.) Place all fuel -powered equipment away from, and downwind of, any site activities
e.g., purging, sampling, decontamination).
1. If field conditions preclude such placement (i.e., the wind is from the
upstream direction in a boat), place the fuel source(s) as far away as
possible from the sampling activities and describe the conditions in the
field notes.
2. Handle fuel (i.e., filling vehicles and equipment) prior to the sampling
day. If such activities must be performed during sampling, the personnel
must wear disposable gloves.
3. Dispense all fuels downwind. Dispose of gloves well away from the
sampling activities.
Filling Out Sample Labels
Fill out label, adhere to vial and collect sample. Print legibly with indelible ink. At a
minimum, the label or tag should identify the sample with the following information:
1. Sample location and/or well number
2. Sample identification number
3. Date and time of collection
4. Analysis required/requested
5. Sampler's initials
6. Preservative(s) used, if any [i.e., HCI, Na2S203, NO3, ice, etc.]
7. Any other pertinent information for sample identification
Sample Collection Order
Unless field conditions justify other sampling regimens, collect samples in the following
order:
1. Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics
2. Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate Organics and
Oil and Grease
3. Total Metals
4. Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and
Biologicals
5. Microbiological
NOTE: If the pump used to collect groundwater samples cannot be used to collect volatile or
extractable organics then collect all other parameters and withdraw the pump and tubing. Then
collect the volatile and extractable organics.
Rev 4-08
Health and Safety
Implement all local, state, and federal requirements relating to health and safety. Follow all
local, state and federal requirements pertaining to the storage and disposal of any hazardous or
investigation derived wastes.
a.) The Solid Waste Section recommends wearing protective gloves when conducting all
sampling activities.
1. Gloves serve to protect the sample collector from potential exposure to sample
constituents, minimize accidental contamination of samples by the collector,
and preserve accurate tare weights on preweighed sample containers.
2. Do not let gloves come into contact with the sample or with the interior or lip
of the sample container. Use clean, new, unpowdered and disposable gloves.
Various types of gloves may be used as long as the construction materials do
not contaminate the sample or if internal safety protocols require greater
protection.
3. Note that certain materials that may potentially be present in concentrated
effluent can pass through certain glove types and be absorbed in the skin.
Many vendor catalogs provide information about the permeability of different
gloves and the circumstances under which the glove material might be
applicable. The powder in powdered gloves can contribute significant
contamination. Powdered gloves are not recommended unless it can be
demonstrated that the powder does not interfere with the sample analysis.
4. Change gloves after preliminary activities, after collecting all the samples at a
single sampling point, iftorn or used to handle extremely dirty or highly
contaminated surfaces. Properly dispose of all used gloves as investigation
derived wastes.
b.) Properly manage all investigation derived waste (IDW).
5. To prevent contamination into previously uncontaminated areas, properly
manage all IDW. This includes all water, soil, drilling mud, decontamination
wastes, discarded personal protective equipment (PPE), etc. from site
investigations, exploratory borings, piezometer and monitoring well
installation, refurbishment, abandonment, and other investigative activities.
Manage all IDW that is determined to be RCRA-regulated hazardous waste
according to the local, state and federal requirements.
6. Properly dispose of IDW that is not a RCRA-regulated hazardous waste but is
contaminated above the Department's Soil Cleanup Target Levels or the state
standards and/or minimum criteria for ground water quality. If the drill
cuttings/mud orpurged well water is contaminated with hazardous waste,
contact the DWM Hazardous Waste Section (919-508-8400) for disposal
options. Maintain all containers holding IDW in good condition. Periodically
inspect the containers for damage and ensure that all required labeling (DOT,
RCRA, etc.) are clearly visible.
Rev 4-08
Sample Storage and Transport
Store samples for transport carefully. Pack samples to prevent from breaking and to maintain a
temperature of approximately 4 degrees Celsius (°C), adding ice if necessary. Transport samples
to a North Carolina -certified laboratory as soon as possible. Avoid unnecessary handling of
sample containers. Avoid heating (room temperature or above, including exposure to sunlight)
or freezing of the sample containers. Reduce the time between sample collection and delivery to
a laboratory whenever possible and be sure that the analytical holding times of your samples can
be met by the laboratory.
a.) A complete chain -of -custody (COC) form must be maintained to document all
transfers and receipts of the samples. Be sure that the sample containers are labeled
with the sample location and/or well number, sample identification, the date and time
of collection, the analysis to be performed, the preservative added (if any), the
sampler's initials, and any other pertinent information for sample identification. The
labels should contain a unique identifier (i.e., unique well numbers) that can be traced
to the COC form. The details of sample collection must be documented on the COC.
The COC must include the following:
1. Description of each sample (including QA/QC samples) and the number of
containers (sample location and identification)
2. Signature of the sampler
3. Date and time of sample collection
4. Analytical method to be performed
5. Sample type (i.e., water or soil)
6. Regulatory agency (i.e., NCDENR/DWM — SW Section)
7. Signatures of all persons relinquishing and receiving custody of the
samples
8. Dates and times of custody transfers
b.) Pack samples so that they are segregated by site, sampling location or by sample
analysis type. When COC samples are involved, segregate samples in coolers by site.
If samples from multiple sites will fit in one cooler, they may be packed in the same
cooler with the associated field sheets and a single COC form for all. Coolers should
not exceed a maximum weight of 50 lbs. Use additional coolers as necessary. All
sample containers should be placed in plastic bags (segregated by analysis and
location) and completely surrounded by ice.
1. Prepare and place trip blanks in an ice filled cooler before leaving for the
field.
2. Segregate samples by analysis and place in sealable plastic bags.
3. Pack samples carefully in the cooler placing ice around the samples.
4. Review the COC. The COC form must accompany the samples to the
laboratory. The trip blank(s) must also be recorded on the COC form.
5. Place completed COC form in a waterproof bag, sealed and taped under
the lid of the cooler.
6. Secure shipping containers with strapping tape to avoid accidental
opening.
7. For COC samples, a tamper -proof seal may also be placed over the cooler
lid or over a bag or container containing the samples inside the shipping
cooler.
Rev 4-08 4
8. "COC" or "EMERG" should be written in indelible ink on the cooler seal
to alert sample receipt technicians to priority or special handling samples.
9. The date and sample handler's signature must also be written on the COC
seal.
10. Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship by commercial courier.
NOTE: Iftransport time to the laboratory is not long enough to allow
samples to be cooled to 4° C, a temperature reading of the sample source
must be documented as thefield temperature on the CDCform. A
downward trend in temperature will be adequate even if cooling to 4° C is
not achieved. The field temperature should always be documented ifthere
is any question as to whether samples will have time to cool to 4° C during
shipment. Thermometers must be calibrated annually against an NIST
traceable thermometer and documentation must be retained.
Rev 4-08
Appendix A - Decontamination of Field Equipment
Decontamination of personnel, sampling equipment, and containers - before and after
sampling - must be used to ensure collection of representative samples and to prevent the
potential spread of contamination. Decontamination of personnel prevents ingestion and
absorption of contaminants. It must be done with a soap and water wash and deionized or
distilled water rinse. Certified pre -cleaned sampling equipment and containers may also be used.
All previously used sampling equipment must be properly decontaminated before sampling and
between sampling locations. This prevents the introduction of contamination into
uncontaminated samples and avoids cross -contamination of samples. Cross -contamination can
be a significant problem when attempting to characterize extremely low concentrations of
organic compounds or when working with soils that are highly contaminated.
Clean, solvent -resistant gloves and appropriate protective equipment must be worn by
persons decontaminating tools and equipment.
Cleaning Reagents
Recommendations for the types and grades of various cleaning supplies are outlined below.
The recommended reagent types or grades were selected to ensure that the cleaned equipment is
free from any detectable contamination.
a.) Detergents: Use Liqui-Nox (or a non -phosphate equivalent) or Alconox (or
equivalent). Liqui-Nox (or equivalent) is recommended by EPA, although Alconox
or equivalent) may be substituted if the sampling equipment will not be used to
collect phosphorus or phosphorus containing compounds.
b.) Solvents: Use pesticide grade isopropanol as the rinse solvent in routine equipment
cleaning procedures. This grade of alcohol must be purchased from a laboratory
supply vendor. Rubbing alcohol or other commonly available sources of isopropanol
are not acceptable. Other solvents, such as acetone or methanol, may be used as the
final rinse solvent if they are pesticide grade. However, methanol is more toxic to the
environment and acetone may be an analyte of interest for volatile organics.
1. Do not use acetone if volatile organics are of interest
2. Containerize all methanol wastes (including rinses) and dispose as a
hazardous waste.
Pre -clean equipment that is heavily contaminated with organic analytes. Use reagent
grade acetone and hexane or other suitable solvents. Use pesticide grade methylene
chloride when cleaning sample containers. Store all solvents away from potential
sources of contamination.
c.) Analyte-Free Water Sources: Analyte-free water is water in which all analytes of
interest and all interferences are below method detection limits. Maintain
documentation (such as results from equipment blanks) to demonstrate the reliability
and purity of analyte-free water source(s). The source of the water must meet the
requirements of the analytical method and must be free from the analytes of interest.
In general, the following water types are associated with specific analyte groups:
1. Milli-Q (or equivalent polished water): suitable for all analyses.
Rev 4-08
2. Organic free: suitable for volatile and extractable organics.
3. Deionized water: may not be suitable for volatile and extractable
organics.
4. Distilled water: not suitable for volatile and extractable organics, metals
or ultratrace metals.
Use analyte-free water for blank preparation and the final decontamination water
rinse. In order to minimize long-term storage and potential leaching problems, obtain
or purchase analyte-free water just prior to the sampling event. If obtained from a
source (such as a laboratory), fill the transport containers and use the contents for a
single sampling event. Empty the transport container(s) at the end of the sampling
event. Discard any analyte-free water that is transferred to a dispensing container
such as a wash bottle or pump sprayer) at the end of each sampling day.
d.) Acids:
1. Reagent Grade Nitric Acid: 10 - 15% (one volume concentrated nitric acid
and five volumes deionized water). Use for the acid rinse unless nitrogen
components (e.g., nitrate, nitrite, etc.) are to be sampled. If sampling for
ultra -trace levels of metals, use an ultra -pure grade acid.
2. Reagent Grade Hydrochloric Acid: 10% hydrochloric acid (one volume
concentrated hydrochloric and three volumes deionized water). Use when
nitrogen components are to be sampled.
3. If samples for both metals and the nitrogen -containing components are
collected with the equipment, use the hydrochloric acid rinse, or
thoroughly rinse with hydrochloric acid after a nitric acid rinse. If
sampling for ultra trace levels of metals, use an ultra -pure grade acid.
4. Freshly prepared acid solutions may be recycled during the sampling event
or cleaning process. Dispose of any unused acids according to local
ordinances.
Reagent Storage Containers
The contents of all containers must be clearly marked.
a.) Detergents:
1. Store in the original container or in a HDPE or PP container.
b.) Solvents:
1. Store solvents to be used for cleaning or decontamination in the original
container until use in the field. If transferred to another container for field
use, use either a glass or Teflon container.
2. Use dispensing containers constructed of glass, Teflon or stainless steel.
Note: If stainless steel sprayers are used, any gaskets that contact the
solvents must be constructed of inert materials.
c.) Analyte-Free Water:
1. Transport in containers appropriate for the type of water stored. If the
water is commercially purchased (e.g., grocery store), use the original
containers when transporting the water to the field. Containers made of
glass, Teflon, polypropylene or HDPE are acceptable.
2. Use glass or Teflon to transport organic -free sources of water on -site.
Polypropylene or HDPE may be used, but are not recommended.
Rev 4-08 7
3. Dispense water from containers made of glass, Teflon, HDPE or
polypropylene.
4. Do not store water in transport containers for more than three days before
beginning a sampling event.
5. If working on a project that has oversight from EPA Region 4, use glass
containers for the transport and storage of all water.
6. Store and dispense acids using containers made of glass, Teflon or plastic.
General Requirements
a.) Prior to use, clean/decontaminate all sampling equipment (pumps, tubing, lanyards,
split spoons, etc.) that will be exposed to the sample.
b.) Before installing, clean (or obtain as certified pre -cleaned) all equipment that is
dedicated to a single sampling point and remains in contact with the sample medium
e.g., permanently installed groundwater pump). If you use certified pre -cleaned
equipment no cleaning is necessary.
1. Clean this equipment any time it is removed for maintenance or repair.
2. Replace dedicated tubing if discolored or damaged.
c.) Clean all equipment in a designated area having a controlled environment (house,
laboratory, or base of field operations) and transport it to the field, pre -cleaned and
ready to use, unless otherwise justified.
d.) Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field -cleaned for other
sites. Rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect in -process (e.g.,
untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples immediately with water.
e.) Whenever possible, transport sufficient clean equipment to the field so that an entire
sampling event can be conducted without the need for cleaning equipment in the
field.
f.) Segregate equipment that is only used once (i.e., not cleaned in the field) from clean
equipment and return to the in-house cleaning facility to be cleaned in a controlled
environment.
g.) Protect decontaminated field equipment from environmental contamination by
securely wrapping and sealing with one of the following:
1. Aluminum foil (commercial grade is acceptable)
2. Untreated butcher paper
3. Clean, untreated, disposable plastic bags. Plastic bags may be used for all
analyte groups except volatile and extractable organics. Plastic bags may
be used for volatile and extractable organics, if the equipment is first
wrapped in foil or butcher paper, or if the equipment is completely dry.
Cleaning Sample Collection Equipment
a.) On-Site/In-Field Cleaning — Cleaning equipment on -site is not recommended because
environmental conditions cannot be controlled and wastes (solvents and acids) must
be containerized for proper disposal.
1. Ambient temperature water may be substituted in the hot, sudsy water bath
and hot water rinses.
NOTE: Properly dispose of all solvents and acids.
Rev 4-08
2. Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field -cleaned
for other sites.
3. Immediately rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect
in -process (e.g., untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples with
water.
b.) Heavily Contaminated Equipment - In order to avoid contaminating other samples,
isolate heavily contaminated equipment from other equipment and thoroughly
decontaminate the equipment before further use. Equipment is considered heavily
contaminated if it:
1. Has been used to collect samples from a source known to contain
significantly higher levels than background.
2. Has been used to collect free product.
3. Has been used to collect industrial products (e.g., pesticides or solvents) or
their byproducts.
NOTE: Cleaning heavily contaminated equipment in the field is not recommended.
c.) On -Site Procedures:
1. Protect all other equipment, personnel and samples from exposure by
isolating the equipment immediately after use.
2. At a minimum, place the equipment in a tightly sealed, untreated, plastic
bag.
3. Do not store or ship the contaminated equipment next to clean,
decontaminated equipment, unused sample containers, or filled sample
containers.
4. Transport the equipment back to the base of operations for thorough
decontamination.
5. If cleaning must occur in the field, document the effectiveness of the
procedure, collect and analyze blanks on the cleaned equipment.
d.) Cleaning Procedures:
1. If organic contamination cannot be readily removed with scrubbing and a
detergent solution, pre -rinse equipment by thoroughly rinsing or soaking
the equipment in acetone.
2. Use hexane only if preceded and followed by acetone.
3. In extreme cases, it may be necessary to steam clean the field equipment
before proceeding with routine cleaning procedures.
4. After the solvent rinses (and/or steam cleaning), use the appropriate
cleaning procedure. Scrub, rather than soak, all equipment with sudsy
water. If high levels of metals are suspected and the equipment cannot be
cleaned without acid rinsing, soak the equipment in the appropriate acid.
Since stainless steel equipment should not be exposed to acid rinses, do
not use stainless steel equipment when heavy metal contamination is
suspected or present.
5. If the field equipment cannot be cleaned utilizing these procedures,
discard unless further cleaning with stronger solvents and/or oxidizing
solutions is effective as evidenced by visual observation and blanks.
6. Clearly mark or disable all discarded equipment to discourage use.
Rev 4-08
e.) General Cleaning - Follow these procedures when cleaning equipment under
controlled conditions. Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions
and/or recommendations.
1. Procedurefor Teflon, stainless steel and glass sampling equipment: This
procedure must be used when sampling for ALL analyte groups.
Extractable organics, metals, nutrients, etc. or if a single decontamination
protocol is desired to clean all Teflon, stainless steel and glass equipment.)
Rinse equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water. If
samples for trace metals or inorganic analytes will be collected with the
equipment that is not stainless steel, thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces)
with the appropriate acid solution. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free
water. Make sure that all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed with
water. If samples for volatile or extractable organics will be collected,
rinse with isopropanol. Wet equipment surfaces thoroughly with free -
flowing solvent. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Allow to air
dry. Wrap and seal as soon as the equipment has air-dried. If isopropanol
is used, the equipment may be air-dried without the final analyte-free
water rinse; however, the equipment must be completely dry before
wrapping or use. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the
procedure described above.
2. General Cleaning Procedure for Plastic Sampling Equipment: Rinse
equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water.
Thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces) with the appropriate acid solution.
Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions and/or
recommendations. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Be sure that
all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed. Allow to air dry as long as
possible. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the procedure
described above.
Rev 4-08 10
Appendix B - Collecting Soil Samples
Soil samples are collected for a variety of purposes. A methodical sampling approach must be
used to assure that sample collection activities provide reliable data. Sampling must begin with
an evaluation of background information, historical data and site conditions.
Soil Field Screening Procedures
Field screening is the use of portable devices capable of detecting petroleum contaminants on
a real-time basis or by a rapid field analytical technique. Field screening should be used to help
assess locations where contamination is most likely to be present.
When possible, field -screening samples should be collected directly from the excavation or
from the excavation equipment's bucket. If field screening is conducted only from the
equipment's bucket, then a minimum of one field screening sample should be collected from
each 10 cubic yards of excavated soil. If instruments or other observations indicate
contamination, soil should be separated into stockpiles based on apparent degrees of
contamination. At a minimum, soil suspected of contamination must be segregated from soil
observed to be free of contamination.
a.) Field screening devices — Many field screen instruments are available for detecting
contaminants in the field on a rapid or real-time basis. Acceptable field screening
instruments must be suitable for the contaminant being screened. The procdedure for
field screening using photoionization detectors (PIDs) and flame ionization detectors
FIDs) is described below. If other instruments are used, a description of the
instrument or method and its intended use must be provided to the Solid Waste
Section. Whichever field screening method is chosen, its accuracy must be verified
throughout the sampling process. Use appropriate standards that match the use
intended for the data. Unless the Solid Waste Section indicates otherwise, wherever
field screening is recommended in this document, instrumental or analytical methods
of detection must be used, not olfactory or visual screening methods.
b.) Headspace analytical screening procedure for filed screening (semi -quantitative field
screening) - The most commonly used field instruments for Solid Waste Section site
assessments are FIDs and PIDs. When using FIDs and PIDs, use the following
headspace screening procedure to obtain and analyze field -screening samples:
1. Partially fill (one-third to one-half) a clean jar or clean ziplock bag with
the sample to be analyzed. The total capacity ofthe jar or bag may not be
less than eight ounces (app. 250 ml), but the container should not be so
large as to allow vapor diffusion and stratification effects to significantly
affect the sample.
2. If the sample is collected from a spilt -spoon, it must be transferred to the
jar or bag for headspace analysis immediately after opening the split -
spoon. If the sample is collected from an excavation or soil pile, it must
be collected from freshly uncovered soil.
Rev 4-08 11
3. If a jar is used, it must be quickly covered with clean aluminum foil or a
jar lid; screw tops or thick rubber bands must be used to tightly seal the
jar. If a zip lock bag is used, it must be quickly sealed shut.
4. Headspace vapors must be allowed to develop in the container for at least
10 minutes but no longer than one hour. Containers must be shaken or
agitated for 15 seconds at the beginning and the end of the headspace
development period to assist volatilization. Temperatures of the
headspace must be warmed to at least 5° C (approximately 40' F) with
instruments calibrated for the temperature used.
5. After headspace development, the instrument sampling probe must be
inserted to a point about one-half the headspace depth. The container
opening must be minimized and care must be taken to avoid the uptake of
water droplets and soil particulates.
6. After probe insertion, the highest meter reading must be taken and
recorded. This will normally occur between two and five seconds after
probe insertion. If erratic meter response occurs at high organic vapor
concentrations or conditions of elevated headspace moisture, a note to that
effect must accompany the headspace data.
7. All field screening results must be documented in the field record or log
book.
Soil Sample Collection Procedures for Laboratory Samples
The number and type of laboratory samples collected depends on the purpose of the sampling
activity. Samples analyzed with field screening devices may not be substituted for required
laboratory samples.
a.) General Sample Collection - When collecting samples from potentially contaminated
soil, care should be taken to reduce contact with skin or other parts of the body.
Disposable gloves should be worn by the sample collector and should be changed
between samples to avoid cross -contamination. Soil samples should be collected in a
manner that causes the least disturbance to the internal structure of the sample and
reduces its exposure to heat, sunlight and open air. Likewise, care should be taken to
keep the samples from being contaminated by other materials or other samples
collected at the site. When sampling is to occur over an extended period of time, it is
necessary to insure that the samples are collected in a comparable manner. All
samples must be collected with disposable or clean tools that have been
decontaminated. Disposable gloves must be worn and changed between sample
collections. Sample containers must be filled quickly. Soil samples must be placed
in containers in the order of volatility, for example, volatile organic aromatic samples
must be taken first, organics next, then heavier range organics, and finally soil
classification samples. Containers must be quickly and adequately sealed, and rims
must be cleaned before tightening lids. Tape may be used only if known not to affect
sample analysis. Sample containers must be clearly labeled. Containers must
immediately be preserved according to procedures in this Section. Unless specified
Rev 4-08 12
otherwise, at a minimum, the samples must be immediately cooled to 4 ± 2°C and this
temperature must be maintained throughout delivery to the laboratory.
b.) Surface Soil Sampling - Surface soil is generally classified as soil between the ground
surface and 6-12 inches below ground surface. Remove leaves, grass and surface
debris from the area to be sampled. Select an appropriate, pre -cleaned sampling
device and collect the sample. Transfer the sample to the appropriate sample
container. Clean the outside of the sample container to remove excess soil. Label the
sample container, place on wet ice to preserve at 4°C, and complete the field notes.
c.) Subsurface Soil Sampling — The interval begins at approximately 12 inches below
ground surface. Collect samples for volatile organic analyses. For other analyses,
select an appropriate, pre -cleaned sampling device and collect the sample. Transfer
the sample to the appropriate sample container. Clean the outside of the sample
container to remove excess soil. Label the sample container, place on wet ice to
preserve at 4°C, and complete field notes.
d.) Equipment for Reachingthe Appropriate Soil Sampling Depth - Samples may be
collected using a hollow stem soil auger, direct push, Shelby tube, split -spoon
sampler, or core barrel. These sampling devices may be used as long as an effort is
made to reduce the loss of contaminants through volatilization. In these situations,
obtain a sufficient volume of so the samples can be collected without volatilization
and disturbance to the internal structure of the samples. Samples should be collected
from cores of the soil. Non -disposable sampling equipment must be decontaminated
between each sample location. NOTE: Ifa confining layer has been breached during
sampling, grout the hole to land.
e.) Equipment to Collect Soil Samples - Equipment and materials that may be used to
collect soil samples include disposable plastic syringes and other "industry -standard"
equipment and materials that are contaminant -free. Non -disposable sampling
equipment must be decontaminated between each sample location.
Rev 4-08 13
Appendix C - Collecting Groundwater Samples
Groundwater samples are collected to identify, investigate, assess and monitor the concentration
of dissolved contaminant constituents. To properly assess groundwater contamination, first
install sampling points (monitoring wells, etc.) to collect groundwater samples and then perform
specific laboratory analyses. All monitoring wells should be constructed in accordance with 15A
NCAC 2C .0100 and sampled as outlined in this section. Groundwater monitoring is conducted
using one of two methods:
1. Portable Monitoring: Monitoring that is conducted using sampling equipment that is
discarded between sampling locations. Equipment used to collect a groundwater sample
from a well such as bailers, tubing, gloves, and etc. are disposed of after sample
collection. A new set of sampling equipment is used to collect a groundwater sample at
the next monitor well.
2. Dedicated Monitoriniz: Monitoring that utilizes permanently affixed down -well and well
head components that are capped after initial set-up. Most dedicated monitoring systems
are comprised of an in -well submersible bladder pump, with air supply and sample
discharge tubing, and an above -ground driver/controller for regulation of flow rates and
volumes. The pump and all tubing housed within the well should be composed of Teflon
or stainless steel components. This includes seals inside the pump, the pump body, and
fittings used to connect tubing to the pump. Because ground water will not be in contact
with incompatible constituents and because the well is sealed from the surface, virtually
no contamination is possible from intrinsic sources during sampling and between
sampling intervals. All dedicated monitoring systems must be approved by the Solid
Waste Section before installation.
Groundwater samples may be collected from a number of different configurations. Each
configuration is associated with a unique set of sampling equipment requirements and
techniques:
1. Wells without Plumbing: These wells require equipment to be brought to the well to
purge and sample unless dedicated equipment is placed in the well.
2. Wells with In -Place Plumbing: Wells with in -place plumbing do not require equipment
to be brought to the well to purge and sample. In -place plumbing is generally considered
permanent equipment routinely used for purposes other than purging and sampling, such
as for water supply.
3. Air Strippers or Remedial Systems: These types of systems are installed as remediation
devices.
Rev 4-08 14
Groundwater Sample Preparation
The type of sample containers used depends on the type of analysis performed. First,
determine the type(s) of contaminants expected and the proper analytical method(s). Be sure to
consult your selected laboratory for its specific needs and requirements prior to sampling.
Next, prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.) before taking any samples so
that each sample can be placed in a chilled environment immediately after collection.
Use groundwater purging and sampling equipment constructed of only non -reactive, non -
leachable materials that are compatible with the environment and the selected analytes. In
selecting groundwater purging and sampling equipment, give consideration to the depth of the
well, the depth to groundwater, the volume of water to be evacuated, the sampling and purging
technique, and the analytes of interest. Additional supplies, such as reagents and preservatives,
may be necessary.
All sampling equipment (bailers, tubing, containers, etc.) must be selected based on its
chemical compatibility with the source being sampled (e.g., water supply well, monitoring well)
and the contaminants potentially present.
a.) Pumps - All pumps or pump tubing must be lowered and retrieved from the well
slowly and carefully to minimize disturbance to the formation water. This is
especially critical at the air/water interface.
1. Above -Ground Pumps
Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump: Use a variable speed peristaltic
pump to purge groundwater from wells when the static water level
in the well is no greater than 20- 25 feet below land surface (BLS).
If the water levels are deeper than 18-20 feet BLS, the pumping
velocity will decrease. A variable speed peristaltic pump can be
used for normal purging and sampling, and sampling low
permeability aquifers or formations. Most analyte groups can be
sampled with a peristaltic pump if the tubing and pump
configurations are appropriate.
Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump: A variable speed centrifugal
pump can be used to purge groundwater from 2-inch and larger
internal diameter wells. Do not use this type of pump to collect
groundwater samples. When purging is complete, do not allow the
water that remains in the tubing to fall back into the well. Install a
check valve at the end of the purge tubing.
2. Submersible Pumps
Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump: A variable speed
submersible pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater
from 2-inch and larger internal diameter wells. A variable speed
submersible pump can be used for normal purging and sampling,
and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations. The pump
housing, fittings, check valves and associated hardware must be
constructed of stainless steel. All other materials must be
Rev 4-08 15
b.) Bailers
compatible with the analytes of interest. Install a check valve at
the output side of the pump to prevent backflow. If purging and
sampling for organics, the entire length of the delivery tube must
be Teflon, polyethylene or polypropylene (PP) tubing; the
electrical cord must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP and
any cabling must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be
constructed of stainless steel; and all interior components that
contact the sample water (impeller, seals, gaskets, etc.) must be
constructed of stainless steel or Teflon.
3. Variable Speed Bladder Pump: A variable speed, positive displacement,
bladder pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater from 3/4-inch
and larger internal diameter wells.
A variable speed bladder pump can be used for normal purging and
sampling, and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations.
The bladder pump system is composed of the pump, the
compressed air tubing, the water discharge tubing, the controller
and a compressor, or a compressed gas supply.
The pump consists of a bladder and an exterior casing or pump
body that surrounds the bladder and two (2) check valves. These
parts can be composed of various materials, usually combinations
of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Teflon, polyethylene, PP and
stainless steel. Other materials must be compatible with the
analytes of interest.
If purging and sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constructed of stainless steel. The valves and bladder must be
Teflon, polyethylene or PP; the entire length of the delivery tube
must be Teflon, polyethylene or PP; and any cabling must be
sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be constructed of stainless
steel.
Permanently installed pumps may have a PVC pump body as long
as the pump remains in contact with the water in the well.
1. Purging: Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing can
cause changes in the chemistry of the water due to aeration and loosening
particulate matter in the space around the well screen. Use a bailer if there
is non -aqueous phase liquid (free product) in the well or if non -aqueous
phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Sampling: Bailers must be used with caution.
3. Construction and Type: Bailers must be constructed of materials
compatible with the analytes of interest. Stainless steel, Teflon, rigid
medical grade PVC, polyethylene and PP bailers may be used to sample
all analytes. Use disposable bailers when sampling grossly contaminated
sample sources. NCDENR recommends using dual check valve bailers
when collecting samples. Use bailers with a controlled flow bottom to
collect volatile organic samples.
Rev 4-08 16
4. Contamination Prevention: Keep the bailer wrapped (foil, butcher paper,
etc.) until just before use. Use protective gloves to handle the bailer once
it is removed from its wrapping. Handle the bailer by the lanyard to
minimize contact with the bailer surface.
c.) Lans
1. Lanyards must be made of non -reactive, non -leachable material. They
may be cotton twine, nylon, stainless steel, or may be coated with Teflon,
polyethylene or PP.
2. Discard cotton twine, nylon, and non -stainless steel braided lanyards after
sampling each monitoring well.
3. Decontaminate stainless steel, coated Teflon, polyethylene and PP
lanyards between monitoring wells. They do not need to be
decontaminated between purging and sampling operations.
Water Level and Purge Volume Determination
The amount of water that must be purged from a well is determined by the volume of water
and/or field parameter stabilization.
a.) General Equipment Considerations - Selection of appropriate purging equipment
depends on the analytes of interest, the well diameter, transmissivity of the aquifer,
the depth to groundwater, and other site conditions.
1. Use of a pump to purge the well is recommended unless no other
equipment can be used or there is non -aqueous phase liquid in the well, or
non -aqueous phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing:
Introduces atmospheric oxygen, which may precipitate metals
i.e., iron) or cause other changes in the chemistry of the water
in the sample (i.e., pH).
Agitates groundwater, which may bias volatile and semi -
volatile organic analyses due to volatilization.
Agitates the water in the aquifer and resuspends fine particulate
matter.
Surges the well, loosening particulate matter in the annular
space around the well screen.
May introduce dirt into the water column if the sides of the
casing wall are scraped.
NOTE: It is criticalfor bailers to be slowly and gently immersed into the top ofthe water
column, particularly during thefinal stages ofpurging. This minimizes turbidity and
disturbance ofvolatile organic constituents.
b.) Initial Inspection
1. Remove the well cover and remove all standing water around the top of
the well casing (manhole) before opening the well.
2. Inspect the exterior protective casing of the monitoring well for damage.
Document the results of the inspection if there is a problem.
3. It is recommended that you place a protective covering around the well
head. Replace the covering if it becomes soiled or ripped.
Rev 4-08 17
4. Inspect the well lock and determine whether the cap fits tightly. Replace
the cap if necessary.
c.) Water Level Measurements - Use an electronic probe or chalked tape to determine the
water level. Decontaminate all equipment before use. Measure the depth to
groundwater from the top of the well casing to the nearest 0.01 foot. Always measure
from the same reference point or survey mark on the well casing. Record the
measurement.
1. Electronic Probe: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Follow the
manufacturer's instructions for use. Record the measurement.
2. Chalked Line Method: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Lower
chalked tape into the well until the lower end is in the water. This is
usually determined by the sound of the weight hitting the water. Record
the length of the tape relative to the reference point. Remove the tape and
note the length of the wetted portion. Record the length. Determine the
depth to water by subtracting the length of the wetted portion from the
total length. Record the result.
d.) Water Column Determination - To determine the length of the water column, subtract
the depth to the top ofthe water column from the total well depth (or gauged well
depth if silting has occurred). The total well depth depends on the well construction.
If gauged well depth is used due to silting, report total well depth also. Some wells
may be drilled in areas of sinkhole, karst formations or rock leaving an open
borehole. Attempt to find the total borehole depth in cases where there is an open
borehole below the cased portion.
e.) Well Water Volume - Calculate the total volume of water, in gallons, in the well
using the following equation:
V = (0.041)d x d x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
d = well diameter in inches
h = height of the water column in feet
The total volume ofwater in the well may also be determined with the following
equation by using a casing volume per foot factor (Gallons per Foot ofWater) for the
appropriate diameter well:
V = [Gallons per Foot of Water] x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
h = height of the water column in feet
Record all measurements and calculations in the field records.
f.) Purging Equipment Volume - Calculate the total volume of the pump, associated
tubing and flow cell (if used), using the following equation:
V= p + ((0.041)d x dx 1)+fc
Where:
V = volume in gallons
p = volume of pump in gallons
d = tubing diameter in inches
1= length of tubing in feet
Rev 4-08 18
fc = volume of flow cell in gallons
g.) If the groundwater elevation data are to be used to construct groundwater elevation
contour maps, all water level measurements must be taken within the same 24 hour
time interval when collecting samples from multiple wells on a site, unless a shorter
time period is required. If the site is tidally influenced, complete the water level
measurements within the time frame of an incoming or outgoing tide.
Well Purging Techniques
The selection of the purging technique and equipment is dependent on the hydrogeologic
properties of the aquifer, especially depth to groundwater and hydraulic conductivity.
a.) Measuring the Purge Volume - The volume of water that is removed during purging
must be recorded. Therefore, you must measure the volume during the purging
operation.
1. Collect the water in a graduated container and multiply the number of
times the container was emptied by the volume of the container, OR
2. Estimate the volume based on pumping rate. This technique may be used
only if the pumping rate is constant. Determine the pumping rate by
measuring the amount of water that is pumped for a fixed period of time,
or use a flow meter.
Calculate the amount of water that is discharged per
minute: D = Measured Amount/Total Time In Minutes
Calculate the time needed to purge one (1) well volume or
one (1) purging equipment volume: Time = V/D
Where: V = well volume or purging equipment volume
D = discharge rate
Make new measurements each time the pumping rate is
changed.
3. Use a totalizing flow meter.
Record the reading on the totalizer prior to purging.
Record the reading on the totalizer at the end of purging.
To obtain the volume purged, subtract the reading on the
totalizer prior to purging from the reading on the totalizer at
the end ofpurging.
Record the times that purging begins and ends in the field
records.
b.) Purging Measurement Frequency - When purging a well that has the well screen fully
submerged and the pump or intake tubing is placed within the well casing above the
well screen or open hole, purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Allow at least one quarter (1/4) well volume
to purge between subsequent measurements. When purging a well that has the pump
or intake tubing placed within a fully submerged well screen or open hole, purge until
the water level has stabilized (well recovery rate equals the purge rate), then purge a
minimum of one (1) volume ofthe pump, associated tubing and flow cell (ifused)
prior to collecting measurements of the field parameters. Take measurements of the
field parameters no sooner than two (2) to three (3) minutes apart. Purge at least
Rev 4-08 19
three (3) volumes of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell, if used, prior to
collecting a sample. When purging a well that has a partially submerged well screen,
purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting measurements of the
field parameters. Take measurements of the field parameters no sooner than two (2)
to three (3) minutes apart.
c.) Purging ompletion - Wells must be adequately purged prior to sample collection to
ensure representation of the aquifer formation water, rather than stagnant well water.
This may be achieved by purging three volumes from the well or by satisfying any
one of the following three purge completion criteria:
1.) Three (3) consecutive measurements in which the three (3) parameters listed
below are within the stated limits, dissolved oxygen is no greater than 20
percent of saturation at the field measured temperature, and turbidity is no
greater than 20 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs).
Temperature: + 0.2° C
pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
Document and report the following, as applicable. The last four items only
need to be submitted once:
Purging rate.
Drawdown in the well, if any.
A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
The well development procedure.
Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
2.) If it is impossible to get dissolved oxygen at or below 20 percent of saturation
at the field measured temperature or turbidity at or below 20 NTUs, then three
3) consecutive measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance and
the parameter(s) dissolved oxygen and/or turbidity that do not meet the
requirements above must be within the limits below. The measurements are:
Temperature: + 0.2° C
pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
Dissolved Oxygen: + 0.2 mg/L or 10%, whichever is
greater
Turbidity: + 5 NTUs or 10%, whichever is greater
Additionally, document and report the following, as applicable, except that
the last four(4) items only need to be submitted once:
Purging rate.
Drawdown in the well, if any.
A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
dissolved oxygen to be high and/or dissolved oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
Rev 4-08 20
A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
The well development procedure.
Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
3.) If after five (5) well volumes, three (3) consecutive measurements of the field
parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and
turbidity are not within the limits stated above, check the instrument condition
and calibration, purging flow rate and all tubing connections to determine if
they might be affecting the ability to achieve stable measurements. It is at the
discretion of the consultant/contractor whether or not to collect a sample or to
continue purging. Further, the report in which the data are submitted must
include the following, as applicable. The last four (4) items only need to be
submitted once.
Purging rate.
Drawdown in the well, if any.
A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
Dissolved Oxygen to be high and/or Dissolved Oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
The well development procedure.
Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
If wells have previously and consistently purged dry, and the current depth to
groundwater indicates that the well will purge dry during the current sampling
event, minimize the amount of water removed from the well by using the same
pump to purge and collect the sample:
Place the pump or tubing intake within the well screened
interval.
Use very small diameter Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing
and the smallest possible pump chamber volume. This will
minimize the total volume of water pumped from the well
and reduce drawdown.
Select tubing that is thick enough to minimize oxygen
transfer through the tubing walls while pumping.
Rev 4-08 21
Pump at the lowest possible rate (100 mL/minute or less) to
reduce drawdown to a minimum.
Purge at least two (2) volumes of the pumping system
pump, tubing and flow cell, ifused).
Measure pH, specific conductance, temperature, dissolved
oxygen and turbidity, then begin to collect the samples.
Collect samples immediately after purging is complete. The time period between
completing the purge and sampling cannot exceed six hours. If sample collection
does not occur within one hour ofpurging completion, re -measure the five field
parameters: temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen and turbidity,
just prior to collecting the sample. If the measured values are not within 10 percent
of the previous measurements, re -purge the well. The exception is "dry" wells.
d.) Lanyards
1. Securely fasten lanyards, if used, to any downhole equipment (bailers,
pumps, etc.).
2. Use bailer lanyards in such a way that they do not touch the ground
surface.
Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Tubin /gip Placement
1. If attempting to minimize the volume of purge water, position the intake
hose or pump at the midpoint of the screened or open hole interval.
2. If monitoring well conditions do not allow minimizing of the purge water
volume, position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water
column. This will ensure that all stagnant water in the casing is removed.
3. If the well screen or borehole is partially submerged, and the pump will be
used for both purging and sampling, position the pump midway between
the measured water level and the bottom of the screen. Otherwise,
position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water column.
b.) Non -dedicated (portable) pumps
1. Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump
Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
Attach a short section of tubing to the discharge side of the
pump and into a graduated container.
Attach one end of a length of new or precleaned tubing to
the pump head flexible hose.
Place the tubing as described in one of the options listed
above.
Change gloves before beginning to purge.
Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
Record these measurements.
Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
Rev 4-08 22
If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that
water is removed from the top of the water column.
Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
Measure the purge volume.
Record this measurement.
Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells (see
Appendix C) or if precleaned tubing is used for each well,
only the pump.
2. Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump
Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
Place the decontaminated suction hose so that water is
always pumped from the top of the water column.
Change gloves before beginning to purge.
Equip the suction hose with a foot valve to prevent purge
water from re-entering the well.
Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
Record these measurements.
To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that the
water is removed from the top of the water column.
Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
Measure the purge volume.
Record this measurement.
Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
3. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump
Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
Carefully position the decontaminated pump.
Rev 4-08 23
Change gloves before beginning to purge.
Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
Record these measurements.
To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top ofthe water column.
Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
Measure the purge volume.
Record this measurement.
Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or only
the pump if precleaned tubing is used for each well.
4. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
Attach the tubing and carefully position the pump.
Change gloves before beginning purging.
Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
Record these measurements.
To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top of the water column.
Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
Measure the purge volume.
Record this measurement.
Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
c.) Dedicated Portable Pumps
1. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump
Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
Wear sampling gloves.
Rev 4-08 24
Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
Record these measurements.
Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
Measure the purge volume.
Record this measurement.
2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
Wear sampling gloves.
Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
Record these measurements.
Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
Measure the purge volume.
Record this measurement.
3. Bailers - Using bailers for purging is not recommended unless care is
taken to use proper bailing technique, or if free product is present in the
well or suspected to be in the well.
Minimize handling the bailer as much as possible.
Wear sampling gloves.
Remove the bailer from its protective wrapping just before
use.
Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
Use the lanyard to move and position the bailer.
Lower and retrieve the bailer slowly and smoothly.
Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column.
When the bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the
water column at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is
reached.
Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one (1) foot
below the top of the water table so that water is removed
from the top of the water column.
Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
Rev 4-08 25
Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the same
rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has cleared to
top of the water column.
Measure the purge volume.
Record the volume of the bailer.
Continue to carefully lower and retrieve the bailer as
described above until the purging is considered complete,
based on either the removal of 3 well volumes.
Remove at least one (1) well volume before collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Take each
subsequent set of measurements after removing at least one
quarter (1/4) well volume between measurements.
Groundwater Sampling Techniques
a.) Purge wells.
b.) Replace protective covering around the well if it is soiled or torn after completing
purging operations.
c.) Equipment Considerations
1. The following pumps are approved to collect volatile organic samples:
Stainless steel and Teflon variable speed submersible
PUMPS
Stainless steel and Teflon or polyethylene variable speed
bladder pumps
Permanently installed PVC bodied pumps (As long as the
pump remains in contact with the water in the well at all
times)
2. Collect sample from the sampling device and store in sample container.
Do not use intermediate containers.
3. To avoid contamination or loss of analytes from the sample, handle
sampling equipment as little as possible and minimize equipment exposure
to the sample.
4. To reduce chances of cross -contamination, use dedicated equipment
whenever possible. "Dedicated" is defined as equipment that is to be used
solely for one location for the life of that equipment (e.g., permanently
mounted pump). Purchase dedicated equipment with the most sensitive
analyte of interest in mind.
Clean or make sure dedicated pumps are clean before
installation. They do not need to be cleaned prior to each
use, but must be cleaned if they are withdrawn for repair or
servicing.
Clean or make sure any permanently mounted tubing is
clean before installation.
Change or clean tubing when the pump is withdrawn for
servicing.
Clean any replaceable or temporary parts.
Rev 4-08 26
Collect equipment blanks on dedicated pumping systems
when the tubing is cleaned or replaced.
Clean or make sure dedicated bailers are clean before
placing them into the well.
Collect an equipment blank on dedicated bailers before
introducing them into the water column.
Suspend dedicated bailers above the water column if they
are stored in the well.
Sampling Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Sampling with Pumps — The following pumps may be used to sample for organics:
Peristaltic pumps
Stainless steel, Teflon or polyethylene bladder pumps
Variable speed stainless steel and Teflon submersible
PUMPS
Peristaltic Pump
Volatile Organics: One of three methods may be used.
Remove the drop tubing from the inlet side
of the pump; submerge the drop tubing into
the water column; prevent the water in the
tubing from flowing back into the well;
remove the drop tubing from the well;
carefully allow the groundwater to drain into
the sample vials; avoid turbulence; do not
aerate the sample; repeat steps until enough
vials are filled. OR
Use the pump to fill the drop tubing; quickly
remove the tubing from the pump; prevent
the water in the tubing from flowing back
into the well; remove the drop tubing from
the well; carefully allow the groundwater to
drain into the sample vials; avoid
turbulence; do not aerate the sample; repeat
steps until enough vials are filled. OR
Use the pump to fill the drop tubing;
withdraw the tubing from the well; reverse
the flow on the peristaltic pumps to deliver
the sample into the vials at a slow, steady
rate; repeat steps until enough vials are
filled.
Extractable Organics: If delivery tubing is not
polyethylene or PP, or is not Teflon lined, use pump and
vacuum trap method. Connect the outflow tubing from the
container to the influent side of the peristaltic pump. Turn
pump on and reduce flow until smooth and even. Discard a
Rev 4-08 27
small portion of the sample to allow for air space. Preserve
if required), label, and complete field notes.
Inorganic samples: These samples may be collected from
the effluent tubing. If samples are collected from the
pump, decontaminate all tubing (including the tubing in the
head) or change it between wells. Preserve (if required),
label, and complete field notes.
2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
If sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constructed of stainless steel and the valves and bladder
must be Teflon. All tubing must be Teflon, polyethylene,
or PP and any cabling must be sealed in Teflon,
polyethylene or PP, or made of stainless steel.
After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible.
3. Variable Speed Submersible Pump
The housing must be stainless steel.
If sampling for organics, the internal impellers, seals and
gaskets must be constructed of stainless steel, Teflon,
polyethylene or PP. The delivery tubing must be Teflon,
polyethylene or PP; the electrical cord must be sealed in
Teflon; any cabling must be sealed in Teflon or constructed
of stainless steel.
After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible.
b.) Sampling with Bailers - A high degree of skill and coordination are necessary to
collect representative samples with a bailer.
1. General Considerations
Minimize handling ofbailer as much as possible.
Wear sampling gloves.
Remove bailer from protective wrapping just before use.
Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
Use the lanyard to move and position the bailers.
Do not allow bailer or lanyard to touch the ground.
If bailer is certified precleaned, no rinsing is necessary.
If both a pump and a bailer are to be used to collect
samples, rinse the exterior and interior of the bailer with
sample water from the pump before removing the pump.
If the purge pump is not appropriate for collecting samples
e.g., non -inert components), rinse the bailer by collecting a
single bailer of the groundwater to be sampled.
Discard the water appropriately.
Rev 4-08 28
Do not rinse the bailer if Oil and Grease samples are to be
collected.
2. Bailing Technique
Collect all samples that are required to be collected with a
pump before collecting samples with the bailer.
Raise and lower the bailer gently to minimize stirring up
particulate matter in the well and the water column, which
can increase sample turbidity.
Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column. When the
bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the water column
at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is reached.
Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one foot below
the top of the water table, so that water is removed from the
top of the water column.
Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
Do not allow the bailer to touch the bottom of the well or
particulate matter will be incorporated into the sample.
Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the
same rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has
cleared to top of the water column.
Lower the bailer to approximately the same depth each
time.
Collect the sample. Install a device to control the flow
from the bottom of the bailer and discard the first few
inches of water. Fill the appropriate sample containers by
allowing the sample to slowly flow down the side of the
container. Discard the last few inches of water in the
bailer.
Repeat steps for additional samples.
As a final step measure the DO, pH, temperature, turbidity
and specific conductance after the final sample has been
collected. Record all measurements and note the time
that sampling was completed.
c.) Sampling Low Permeability Aquifers or Wells that have Purged D
1. Collect the sample(s) after the well has been purged. Minimize the amount
ofwater removed from the well by using the same pump to purge and
collect the sample. If the well has purged dry, collect samples as soon as
sufficient sample water is available.
2. Measure the five field parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen and turbidity at the time of sample collection.
3. Advise the analytical laboratory and the client that the usual amount of
sample for analysis may not be available.
Rev 4-08 29
Appendix D - Collecting Samples from Wells with
Plumbing in Place
In -place plumbing is generally considered permanent equipment routinely used for purposes
other than purging and sampling, such as for water supply.
a.) Air Strippers or Remedial Systems - These types of systems are installed as
remediation devices. Collect influent and effluent samples from air stripping units as
described below.
1. Remove any tubing from the sampling port and flush for one to two
minutes.
2. Remove all hoses, aerators and filters (if possible).
3. Open the spigot and purge sufficient volume to flush the spigot and lines
and until the purging completion criteria have been met.
4. Reduce the flow rate to approximately 500 mUminute (a 1/8" stream) or
approximately 0.1 gal/minute before collecting samples.
5. Follow procedures for collecting samples from water supply wells as
outlined below.
b.) Water Supply Wells — Water supply wells with in -place plumbing do not require
equipment to be brought to the well to purge and sample. Water supply wells at UST
facilities must be sampled for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile
compounds (SVOCs).
1. Procedures for Sampling Water Supply Wells
Label sample containers prior to sample collection.
Prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.;
before taking any samples so each collected sample can be
placed in a chilled environment immediately after
collection.
You must choose the tap closest to the well, preferably at
the wellhead. The tap must be before any holding or
pressurization tank, water softener, ion exchange,
disinfection process or before the water line enters the
residence, office or building. If no tap fits the above
conditions, a new tap that does must be installed.
The well pump must not be lubricated with oil, as that may
contaminate the samples.
The sampling tap must be protected from exterior
contamination associated with being too close to a sink
bottom or to the ground. Ifthe tap is too close to the
ground for direct collection into the appropriate container,
it is acceptable to use a smaller (clean) container to transfer
the sample to a larger container.
Leaking taps that allow water to discharge from around the
valve stem handle and down the outside of the faucet, or
taps in which water tends to run up on the outside of the lip,
are to be avoided as sampling locations.
Rev 4-08 30
Disconnect any hoses, filters, or aerators attached to the tap
before sampling.
Do not sample from a tap close to a gas pump. The gas
fumes could contaminate the sample.
2. Collecting Volatile Organic Samples
Equipment Needed: VOC sample vials [40 milliliters,
glass, may contain 3 to 4 drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
as preservative]; Disposable gloves and protective goggles;
Ice chest/cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic
bags, bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run water longer (purging
three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is located
directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the holding
tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where you will
take your sample. This will ensure that the water you
collect is "fresh" from the well and not ftom the holding
tank. After running the water for at least 15 minutes,
reduce the flow of water. The flow should be reduced to a
trickle but not so slow that it begins to drip. A smooth flow
of water will make collection easier and more accurate.
Remove the cap of a VOC vial and hold the vial under the
stream of water to fill it. Be careful not to spill any acid
that is in the vial. For best results use a low flow of water
and angle the vial slightly so that the water runs down the
inside of the vial. This will help keep the sample from
being agitated, aerated or splashed out ofthe vial. It will
also increase the accuracy of the sample. As the vial fills
and is almost full, turn the vial until it is straight up and
down so the water won't spill out. Fill the vial until the
water is just about to spill over the lip of the vial. The
surface of the water sample should become mounded. It is
a good idea not to overfill the vial, especially if an acid
preservative is present in the vial. Carefully replace and
screw the cap onto the vial. Some water may overflow as
the cap is put on. After the cap is secure, turn the vial
upside down and gently tap the vial to see if any bubbles
are present. If bubbles are present in the vial, remove the
cap, add more water and check again to see if bubbles are
present. Repeat as necessary. After two samples without
bubbles have been collected, the samples should be labeled
and prepared for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.
Rev 4-08 31
3. Collecting Extractable Organic and/or Metals Samples
Equipment Needed: SVOC sample bottle [1 liter, amber
glass] and/or Metals sample bottle [0.5 liter, polyethylene
or glass, 5 milliliters ofnitric acid (HNO3) preservative];
Disposable gloves and protective goggles; Ice
Chest/Cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic bags,
bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run the water longer
purging three well volumes is best). Iftap or spigot is
located directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the
holding tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where
you will take your sample. This will ensure that the water
you collect is "fresh" from the well and not from the
holding tank. After running the water for at least 15
minutes, reduce the flow. Low water flow makes
collection easier and more accurate. Remove the cap of a
SVOC or metals bottle and hold it under the stream of
water to fill it. The bottle does not have to be completely
filled (i.e., you can leave an inch or so of headspace in the
bottle). After filling, screw on the cap, label the bottle and
prepare for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.
Rev 4-08 32
Appendix E - Collecting Surface Water Samples
The following topics include 1.) acceptable equipment selection and equipment construction
materials and 2.) standard grab, depth -specific and depth-composited surface water sampling
techniques.
Facilities which contain or border small rivers, streams or branches should include surface water
sampling as part of the monitoring program for each sampling event. A simple procedure for
selecting surface water monitoring sites is to locate a point on a stream where drainage leaves the
site. This provides detection of contamination through, and possibly downstream of, site via
discharge of surface waters. The sampling points selected should be downstream from any waste
areas. An upstream sample should be obtained in order to determine water quality upstream of
the influence of the site.
a.) General Cautions
1. When using watercraft take samples near the bow away and upwind from
any gasoline outboard engine. Orient watercraft so that bow is positioned
in the upstream direction.
2. When wading, collect samples upstream from the body. Avoid disturbing
sediments in the immediate area of sample collection.
3. Collect water samples prior to taking sediment samples when obtaining
both from the same area (site).
4. Unless dictated by permit, program or order, sampling at or near man-
made structures (e.g., dams, weirs or bridges) may not provide
representative data because of unnatural flow patterns.
5. Collect surface water samples from downstream towards upstream.
b.) Equipment and Supplies - Select equipment based on the analytes of interest, specific
use, and availability.
c.) Surface Water Sampling Techniques - Adhere to all general protocols applicable to
aqueous sampling when following the surface water sampling procedures addressed
below.
1. Manual Sampling: Use manual sampling for collecting grab samples for
immediate in -situ field analyses. Use manual sampling in lieu of
automatic equipment over extended periods of time for composite
sampling, especially when it is necessary to observe and/or note unusual
conditions.
Surface Grab Samples - Do not use sample containers containing
premeasured amounts ofpreservatives to collect grab samples. If
the sample matrix is homogeneous, then the grab method is a
simple and effective technique for collection purposes. If
homogeneity is not apparent, based on flow or vertical variations
and should never be assumed), then use other collection protocols.
Where practical, use the actual sample container submitted to the
laboratory for collecting samples to be analyzed for oil and grease,
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and microbiological samples.
This procedure eliminates the possibility of contaminating the
sample with an intermediate collection container. The use of
Rev 4-08 33
unpreserved sample containers as direct grab samplers is
encouraged since the same container can be submitted for
laboratory analysis after appropriate preservation. This procedure
reduces sample handling and eliminates potential contamination
from other sources (e.g., additional sampling equipment,
environment, etc.).
1. Grab directly into sample container.
2. Slowly submerge the container, opening neck first, into the
water.
3. Invert the bottle so the neck is upright and pointing towards
the direction of water flow (if applicable). Allow water to
run slowly into the container until filled.
4. Return the filled container quickly to the surface.
5. Pour out a few mL of sample away from and downstream
of the sampling location. This procedure allows for the
addition of preservatives and sample expansion. Do not
use this step for volatile organics or other analytes where
headspace is not allowed in the sample container.
6. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes. If sample containers are attached to a
pole via a clamp, submerge the container and follow steps 3
5 but omit steps I and 2.
Sampling with an Intermediate Vessel or Container: If the sample
cannot be collected directly into the sample container to be
submitted to the laboratory, or ifthe laboratory provides
prepreserved sample containers, use an unpreserved sample
container or an intermediate vessel (e.g., beakers, buckets or
dippers) to obtain the sample. These vessels must be constructed
appropriately, including any poles or extension arms used to access
the sample location.
I. Rinse the intermediate vessel with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
2. Collect the sample as outlined above using the intermediate
vessel.
3. Use pole mounted containers of appropriate construction to
sample at distances away from shore, boat, etc. Follow the
protocols above to collect samples.
Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach
polyethylene, Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is
not acceptable for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs.
Extractable organics can be collected through the pump if flexible
interior -wall Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump
head or if used with the organic trap setup.
Rev 4-08 34
1. Lower appropriately precleaned tubing to a depth of 6 — 12
inches below water surface, where possible.
2. Pump 3 — 5 tube volumes through the system to acclimate
the tubing before collecting the first sample.
3. Fill individual sample bottles via the discharge tubing. Be
careful not to remove the inlet tubing from the water.
4. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes.
Mid -Depth Grab Samples: Mid -depth samples or samples taken at
a specific depth can approximate the conditions throughout the
entire water column. The equipment that may be used for this type
of sampling consists of the following depth -specific sampling
devices: Kemmerer, Niskin, Van Dorn type, etc. You may also
use pumps with tubing or double check -valve bailers. Certain
construction material details may preclude its use for certain
analytes. Many Kemmerer samplers are constructed of plastic and
rubber that preclude their use for all volatile and extractable
organic sampling. Some newer devices are constructed of stainless
steel or are all Teflon or Teflon -coated. These are acceptable for
all analyte groups without restriction.
1. Measure the water column to determine maximum depth
and sampling depth prior to lowering the sampling device.
2. Mark the line attached to the sampler with depth
increments so that the sampling depth can be accurately
recorded.
3. Lower the sampler slowly to the appropriate sampling
depth, taking care not to disturb the sediments.
4. At the desired depth, send the messenger weight down to
trip the closure mechanism.
5. Retrieve the sampler slowly.
6. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample. Discard rinsate
away from and downstream of the sampling location.
7. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Double Check -Valve Bailers: Collect samples using double check -
valve bailers if the data requirements do not necessitate a sample
from a strictly discrete interval of the water column. Bailers with
an upper and lower check -valve can be lowered through the water
column. Water will continually be displaced through the bailer
until the desired depth is reached, at which point the bailer is
retrieved. Sampling with this type of bailer must follow the same
protocols outlined above, except that a messenger weight is not
applicable. Although not designed specifically for this kind of
sampling, a bailer is acceptable when a mid -depth sample is
required
Rev 4-08 35
1. As the bailer is dropped through the water column, water is
displaced through the body of the bailer. The degree of
displacement depends upon the check -valve ball movement
to allow water to flow freely through the bailer body.
2. Slowly lower the bailer to the appropriate depth. Upon
retrieval, the two check valves seat, preventing water from
escaping or entering the bailer.
3. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.
Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach HDPE,
Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is not acceptable
for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs. Extractable organics can
be collected through the pump if flexible interior -wall Teflon,
polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump head, or if used with
an organic trap setup.
1. Measure the water column to determine the maximum
depth and the sampling depth.
2. Tubing will need to be tied to a stiff pole or be weighted
down so the tubing placement will be secure. Do not use a
lead weight. Any dense, non -contaminating, non -
interfering material will work (brick, stainless steel weight,
etc.). Tie the weight with a lanyard (braided or
monofilament nylon, etc.) so that it is located below the
inlet of the tubing.
3. Turn the pump on and allow several tubing volumes of
water to be discharged before collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.
Rev 4-08 36
APPENDIX E
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form
and
14-Day Notification of Groundwater Protection Standard Exceedance Form
HYENR USE ONLY []Paper Report Electronic Data - Email CD (data loaded: Yes / No) Doc/Event #:
NC DENR ' ' Environmental MonitoringDivisionofWasteManagement - Solid Waste Reporting Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed NC 2L groundwater standards or NC 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off -site source, pre-existing
condition, etc.).
Attach a notification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed the reporting limits.
Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(i).
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDENR-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
Joyce Engineering (a division of LaBella Associates)
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: G. Van Ness Burbach, Ph.D., P.G. Phone: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
NC Landfill Rule: Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # (.0500 or. 1600) October 20-24, 2006)
Oxford Landfill Unit 1 6584 Landfill Rd. 3901- .1600Oxford, NC 27565 CDLF-1997
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
Initial/Background Monitoring Detection Monitoring Assessment Monitoring QX Corrective Action
of data submitted: (Check all that apply)
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells Methane gas monitoring data
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells 0 Corrective action data (specify)
Leachate monitoring data
Surface water monitoring data Other(specify)
MNA Parameters
Notification attached?
e No. No groundwater or surface water standards were exceeded.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding a groundwater or surface water standard is attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC 2B surface water standard or NC Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of any concentration.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It includes the methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values and explosive methane gas limits.
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
G. VanNess Burbach, Ph.D., PG Technical Consultant [phone]
Facility Representative Name (Print) Title (Area Code) Telephone Nu
Affix NC Licensed/ Professional Geologist Seal
Signature Date
2211 W. Meadowview Rd., Ste. 101 Greensboro, NC 27407
Facility Representative Address
C-0782
NC PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
Revised 6/2009
NC DEQ 14-Day Notification of Groundwater
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Protection Standard Exceedance(s)
per rule: 15A NCAC 136.1633(c)(1)
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed applicable groundwater protection standards.
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDEQ-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Phone:
E-mail:
Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # October 20-24, 2006)
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
Initial/Background Monitoring Detection Monitoring Assessment Monitoring Corrective Action
Additional Information:
A notification of values exceeding a groundwater protection standard as defined in 15A NCAC 13B .1634(g)(h) is attached. It includes a list of
groundwater monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC Solid Waste GWPS and preliminary analysis of the
cause and significance of any concentration.
A re -sampling event was conducted to confirm the exceedances.
Alternate Source Demonstration(s) have been approved for the following constituents with report date:
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
Facility Representative Name (Print)
Signature
Facility Representative Address
Title
NC PG/PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
Revised 6/2016
Date
Area Code) Telephone Number
Affix NC Licensed/Professional Geologist or Professional
Engineer Seal
Waste Management
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
September 9, 2016
MEMORANDUM
PAT MCCRORY
Governor
DONALD R. VAN DER VAART
Secretary
MICHAEL SCOTT
Director
To: Solid Waste Directors, Public Works Directors, Landfill Operators, and
Landfill Owners
From: The Solid Waste Section
Reference: Guidelines for 14-Day Notification of Groundwater Exceedances Form
Submittal per rule: 15A NCAC 13B .1633(c)(1)
The 14-day notification form should be submitted whenever a groundwater
protection standard (GWPS) is exceeded for the first time.
o As defined in 13B .1634(g)(h), a GWPS will be either of the following: the 2L
standard (most cases); 2L Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration; a
groundwater protection standard calculated by the SWS; or a site -specific
statistical background level approved by the SWS.
If a facility is undergoing assessment or corrective action, the 14-day notification
form should be submitted ONLY when the constituent with the reported
exceedance is not being addressed through assessment or corrective action.
If a facility plans to conduct a re -sampling event to confirm the initial
exceedance, the 14-day notification form should be submitted .ONLY. when the
re -sampling event analytical data confirms the initial exceedance.
State of North Carolina I Environmental Quality I Waste Management
1646 Mail Service Center 1217 West Jones Street I Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
919 707 8200 T
NCDWM Solid Waste Section
14-Day Notification of GWPS Exceedances Flowchart
per Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1633(c)(1)]
No 14-Day
Notification
STOP
Is Facility
Groundwater Currently in
Protection Assessment 7
YESStandardYESorCorrective
Exceedance* Action?
No
No '<
Does
Verification
Sampling
Confirm GWPS
Exceedance(s)?
I
YES
NOTE:
GWPS = see Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1634(g)(h)
No
Will verification
resampling &
Analysis be
conducted?
No
Submit 14-Day
Notification Form to
SWS
Is Assessment or
CA addressing the
Constituent w/
current
exceedance
value(s)?
No 14-Day
Notification
STOP
Proceed with
Alternative Source
Demonstration
ASD) or
Assessment
YES
August 2016
VICINITY MAPSITE LOCATION MAPOWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
O
R
TH CAROLINASEAL034630DWG. TITLEDWG.COVER SHEETPROJECT SUMMARY:SITE LAYOUTSINGLE LINE DIAGRAMPLOT PLAN SUB-ARRAY AWIRING & GROUNDING DETAILSP.01P.06P.02P.03P.07AAPPLICABLE CODES2011 NEC (NFPA-70)2012 NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUILDING CODE (2009 IBC WITH NORTHCAROLINA AMENDMENTS)UL 1703 - SOLAR MODULESUL 1741 - INVERTERSTHIS PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION SHALL BE INSTALLED INACCORDANCE WITH THE EDITIONS OF THE UNIFORM BUILDING CODE(UBC), THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (NEC), AND ANY LOCALBUILDING CODES CURRENTLY BEING ENFORCED BY THE AUTHORITYHAVING JURISDICTION (AHJ).EQUIPMENT PLAN & ELEVATION DETAILS & TRENCH DETAILS P.08PLOT PLAN SUB-ARRAY BP.04P.05PLOT PLAN SUB-ARRAY CDC WIRING & VOLTAGE DROP SCHEDULESSTRUCTURAL PIER FOUNDATION DETAILS23 KV MEDIUM VOLTAGE DETAILSP.11P.10PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM DETAILS SHEET2P.09PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM LABELING SHEETPLOT PLAN STRINGING OVERVIEWP.07S.01P.12GENERAL NOTES1.ALL WORK SHALL BE INSTALLED AND COMPLETED BY QUALIFIED LICENSED CONTRACTOR.2.CONTRACTOR SHALL FILE ALL SPECIFICATIONS AND UTILITY METERING FORMS PRIOR TO START OF CONSTRUCTION, IFAPPLICABLE.3.NO PANELS SHALL BE INSTALLED SUCH THAT MODULES WILL BE PREDICTABLY SHADED FROM 10AM-2PM DECEMBER 21.4.INSTALLATION OF PV PANEL ARRAYS SHOULD RESIST SLIDING AND POP-UP RESULTING FROM SEISMIC EVENTS AND SHOULDCOMPLY WITH CBC SECTION 1613A AND ASCE STANDARD 7-05, CHAPTER 13.5.PV SYSTEM INSTALLER WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR FURNISHING AND INSTALLATION OF ALL RELATED EQUIPMENT, CABLES,ADDITIONAL CONDUITS, BOXES, WIRE TRAYS AND OTHER ACCESSORIES NECESSARY FOR COMPLETE AND OPERATIONALPHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM.6.PV SYSTEM CONTRACTOR SHALL COORDINATE ALL THE WORK WITH THE ENGINEER OF RECORD, PROJECT ENGINEERS, THECONSTRUCTION MANAGER AND ALL OTHER CONTRACTORS TO INSURE THAT PV SYSTEM IS INSTALLED AS SPECIFIED IN THESE DESIGNDRAWINGS.7. THE USE OF TOP ENTRY ENCLOSURES IS NOT PERMITTED IN THE PV ARRAY FIELD.8.THE USE OF WIRE SPLICES AT ANY POINT IN THE DC SYSTEM INSTALLATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.9.FIELD VERIFICATION OF EXACT AIC RATING REQUIRED OF THE MAIN SWITCHBOARD FROM LOCAL UTILITY COMPANY, IFAPPLICABLE.10.ALL CONDUITS RUN ON RACKING OR EQUIPMENT RACKS IN OUTDOOR EXPOSED AREAS SHALL BE EMT OR LFNMC WITHWEATHER TIGHT COMPRESSION FITTINGS.ELECTRICAL NOTES1.ALL ELECTRICAL WORK SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE 2011 NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODE, LOCAL MUNICIPAL CODE ANDLOCAL FIRE DISTRICT REGULATIONS.2.ALL EQUIPMENT SHALL BE USED AND LABELED PER NATIONALY RECOGNIZED ELECTRICAL TESTING LABORATORY (NRTL) ANDINSTALLED PER THE LISTING REQUIREMENTS AND THE MANUFACTURER'S INSTRUCTIONS.3.ALL INVERTERS SHALL BE UL1741 LISTED AND IEEE 1547 & IEEE 929 COMPLIANT AND SHALL BE INSPECTED BY INVERTERMANUFACTURER TECHNICIAN BEFORE COMMISSIONING, TESTING AND OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM.4.ALL OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT SHALL BE MINIMUM NEMA 3R, INCLUDING OUTDOOR MOUNTED TRANSITION BOXES, STRINGCOMBINER BOXES AND DISCONNECT SWITCHES.5.NEC ARTICLE 690.18: DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE PV MODULES ARE ENERGIZED WHENEVER THOSE ARE EXPOSED TOSUNLIGHT, PV CONTRACTOR SHALL DISABLE THE ARRAY DURING INSTALLATION AND SERVICE BY SHORT CIRCUITING, OPENCIRCUITING OR COVERING THE ARRAY WITH AN OPAQUE COVERING.6.DRAWINGS IN GENERAL ARE DIAGRAMMATIC AND INDICATE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE EQUIPMENT AND WORKINCLUDED. THE INTENTION OF THE DRAWINGS IS TO INDICATE SIZE, CAPACITY, APPROXIMATE LOCATION AND GENERALRELATIONSHIP, BUT NOT EXACT DETAIL OR PHYSICAL PLACEMENT.WIRING AND WIRING METHODS1.>>/EKKZKEhdKZ^EdZD/Ed/KE^^,>>Zd&KZϳϱΣD/E/DhD͘>>KhdKKZt/Z/E'DdZ/>^^,>>tdZd͕&>DZdZEd͕^hEͲ>/',dZ^/^dEdEZd&KZKEd/EhKh^h^ddDWZdhZ^hWdKϵϬΣ͘2.PHOTOVOLTAIC SOURCE CURRENTS MUST BE RATED AT BOTH 125% OF THE PARALLEL MODULE AND AT A CONTINUOUS LOADOF ANOTHER 125%FOR A TOTAL OF 156% OF THE LOAD.GROUNDING1.ALL GROUNDING/BONDING TERMINATIONS/CONNECTIONS MADE OUTSIDE OF EQUIPMENT ENCLOSURE SHALL BE MADE USINGIRREVERSIBLE/EXOTHERMIC METHODS.2.ALL GROUNDING ELECTRODES SHALL BE STAINLESS STEEL AND COPPER/ZINC CLAD AND SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 8 FT INLENGTH AND 5/8 IN IN DIAMETER. GROUND RESISTANCE MUST BE MEASURED BEFORE FINAL COMMISSIONING. THE RESISTANCEVALUE MUST BE ACCORDING TO NEC REQUIREMENTS. IF THE VALUE CAN NOT BE ACHIEVED, SUPPLEMENTAL ELECTRODE SHALL BEINSTALLED AS PER NEC 250.53 (A)(3).3.EQUIPMENT GROUND CONDUCTORS SIZED ACCORDING TO NEC REQUIREMENTS SHALL BE INSTALLED IN ALL RACEWAYS.4.NON-CURRENT CARRYING METAL PARTS OF EQUIPMENTS SHALL BE TREATED FOR PROPER GROUNDING. THE TERMINAL LUGSBOLTED ON AN EQUIPMENT ENCLOSURE'S OUTER SURFACE MAY BE INSULATED BECAUSE OF PAINT.THIS PAINT SHALL BE PROPERLYREMOVED TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE GROUNDING OF EQUIPMENT.GROUND FAULT PROTECTION1.PROPOSED INVERTERS SHALL BE EQUIPPED WITH GROUND FAULT PROTECTION TO DETECT ANY POSSIBLE GROUND FAULT INUNGROUNDED CONDUCTORS TO REDUCE FIRE HAZARDS.2.THE FAULT PROTECTION CIRCUIT AT THE INVERTER SHALL BE TESTED BY MANUFACTURER'S TECHNICIAN BEFORE FINALCOMMISSIONING, IF POSSIBLE.DISCONNECTING MEANS1.DISCONNECTING MEANS SHALL BE PROVIDED TO DISCONNECT A FUSE FROM ALL SOURCES OF SUPPLY IF THE FUSE ISENERGIZED FROM BOTH DIRECTIONS AND IS ACCESSIBLE TO OTHER THAN QUALIFIED PERSONS. SUCH A FUSE IN A PHOTOVOLTAICSOURCE CIRCUIT SHALL BE CAPABLE OF BEING DISCONNECTED INDEPENDENTLY OF FUSES IN OTHER PHOTOVOLTAIC SOURCECIRCUITS.2.ALL COMBINER WITH INTEGRATED DISCONNECT SWITCHES SHALL BE RATED FOR 125% CONTINUOUS DUTY.3.WZKs/E^^/>/^KEEds/d,d/^>K<>/EKWEWK^/d/KEE/^>Kdt/d,/EϭϬΖͲϬ͟K&d,METER PER LOCAL ELECTRICAL UTILITY REGULATIONS, IF APPLICABLE.INTERCONNECTION1.THIS SOLAR GENERATING FACILITY IS COMPOSED OF SINGLE INTERCONNECTION, WILL CONNECT DIRECTLY TO 23000VACDISTRIBUTION NETWORK PROVIDED BY DUKE ENERGY PROGRESS (DEP) AS SPECIFIED BY THE POINT OF DELIVERY (POD).2.THE SYSTEM WILL CONNECT WITH THE 23000 VAC, 3-PHASE, 4-WIRE UTILITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK THROUGH POLEMOUNTED R-GW RECLOSER AND SWITCH. THIS SWITCH WILL SERVE AS A UTILITY DISCONNECT FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE ANDDURING CONTINGENCY.3.THE ENERGY METERING WILL BE INSTALLED ON POLE ON PV SYSTEM SIDE OF THE RE-CLOSER PROVIDED BY DEP.4.CONTRACTOR TO COORDINATE WITH THE UTILITY COMPANY FOR ALL METERING AND INTERCONNECTION PRIOR TO START OFCONSTRUCTION/ COMMISSIONING.COVERPAGENONEMLWJRADKP.01CORNWALL SOLAR CENTER, LLC6595 LANDFILL ROAD, OXFORDGRANVILLE COUNTY, NC 275654.998MWAC/6.40MWDCSOLAR PV FACILITYP.07BDAS MONITORING SINGLE LINE
SITELAYOUTNONEMLWJRADKP.02OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630CORNWALL SOLAR CENTER, LLC ~ 24.5 acres6.40MWDC / 5.0MWACSYSTEM VOLTAGE:DC: 1000VINVERTER OUTPUT: 418VDCINTERCONNECTION: 23KVMODULES: Hareonsolar HRA-320P-24/Ba - QTY: 20,634TOTAL STRINGS: 1,086 (19 MODULE STRINGS)INVERTERS (SKIDS): TMEiC - 1,666kW - QTY: 33 BLOCKS (SUB-ARRAYS A, B and C)6,878 MODULES PER BLOCK362 STRINGS PER BLOCK1 INVERTER SKID 1666kW PER BLOCKSITE LAYOUTSCALE: 1" = 100'INVERTER SKID C & METER LOCATIONSCALE: 3/16" = 1'-0"PV SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:$=,087+758(6287+ƒ7,/7$1*/(ƒDISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS: 12'-10"LEADING EDGE TO EDGE ROW DISTANCE: 24'-5"GROUND CLEARANCE: MINIMUM 2.0'STRING SIZE: 19 MODULES PER STRINGRACKING SYSTEM: GAMECHANGE MAX-SPAN2-MODULES IN PORTRAITSYSTEM SUMMARYLOCATION INFO:/$7/21*ƒ
1ƒ
:ELEVATION: 62 FTTIME ZONE: EASTERN (EST)TYPICAL ELEVATIONPV ARRAY CONFIGURATION
SITE ARRAYDIMENSION PLANNONEMLWJRADKP.02AOWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630SYSTEM SUMMARYSITE ARRAY DIMENSION PLANSCALE: 1" = 100'
SITE FENCE DIMENSIONPLANNONEMLWJRADKP.02BOWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630SYSTEM SUMMARYSITE FENCE DIMENSION PLANSCALE: 1" = 100'
CB-A
-1
(2
0 S
TRING
S)
[S-A-
1-1
TO
S
-A-1
-2
0]CB-A-2 (
21
STR
INGS)[S-A-2-
1
TO S
-A-
2-
21]CB-A-
3
(21
STR
INGS
)
[S-A
-3
-1
TO
S-A
-3
-21
]CB-A-4
(2
0 S
TRINGS
)
[S-A-
4-1
TO
S-
A-4
-20
]CB-A-5
(2
0 ST
RINGS
)
[S-
A-5
-1
TO
S-A
-5
-20
]CB-A-
6
(24
STR
INGS
)
[S-A
-6
-1
TO
S-A
-6
-24
]CB-A-7

(24
STR
INGS
)[S-A
-7
-1
TO S
-A
-7-
24
]CB-A-8

(24
STR
INGS
)[S-A
-8
-1
TO S
-A
-8-
24
]CB-A-11

(24
STR
INGS
)[S-A-11
-1
TO S
-A
-11
-24
]CB-A-13

(24
STR
INGS
)[S-A-13
-1
TO S
-A
-13
-24
]CB-A-14

(24
STR
INGS
)[S-A-14
-1
TO
S-A
-14
-24
]CB-A-15

(24
STR
INGS
)[S-A-15
-1
TO
S-A
-15
-24
]CB-A-1
6
(24
STR
INGS
)[S-A
-16
-1
TO
S-A
-16
-2
4]CB-B-9
(2
4 S
TRINGS
)
[S-
B-9
-1
TO
S-B
-9
-24
]CB-B-1
1
(24
STR
INGS
)[S-B
-11
-1
TO
S-B
-11
-2
4]CB-B-13
(
23
STR
INGS)
[S-B-
13-
1 TO
S
-B-
13-
23
]CB-B-1
4
(23
STR
INGS
)[S-B-14
-1
TO
S-B
-14
-23
]CB-B-
15
(2
3 S
TRINGS
)
[S-B
-15
-1
TO
S-B
-1
5-2
3]CB-C
-5
(2
3 S
TRING
S)
[S-C-
5-1
TO
S
-C-5
-2
3]CB-B-1
6
(23
STR
INGS
)[S-B
-16
-1
TO
S-B
-16
-2
3]CB-C-
6
(23
STR
INGS
)
[S-C
-6
-1
TO S
-C
-6-
23
]CB-C-
8
(23
STR
INGS
)
[S-C
-8
-1
TO
S-C
-8
-23
]CB-C-9

(22
STR
INGS)
[S-C
-9
-1
TO S
-C
-9-
22
]CB-C-
12
(2
2 ST
RINGS
)
[S-C
-1
2-1
TO
S-C
-1
2-2
2]CB-C-
15
(2
2 S
TRINGS
)
[S-C
-15
-1
TO
S-C
-1
5-2
2]CB-A-12

(24
STR
INGS
)[S-A-12
-1
TO S
-A
-12
-24
]
OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630STRINGINGPLANOVERVIEWNONEMLWJRADKP.03STRINGING/ PLOT PLAN- SYSTEM OVERVIEWSCALE: 1" = 75'
CB-A-1 (20
STRINGS)
[S-A-1-1
TO
S-A-1-20]CB-A-2 (21 STR
INGS
)[S-A-2-1 TO S-A-2-21]CB-A-3 (21 STRINGS)
[S-A-3-1 TO S-A-3-21
]CB-A-4 (20 STR
INGS)[S-A-4-1 TO S-A-4-20]CB-A-5 (20
STRINGS)
[S-A-5-1 TO S-A-5-20
]CB-A-6 (24 STR
INGS)[S-A-6-1 TO S-A-6-24]CB-A-7 (24 STR
INGS
)[S-A-7-1 TO S-A-7-24]CB-A-8 (24 STRINGS)[S-A-8-1 TO S-A-8-24]CB-A-11 (24 STRINGS)[S-A-11-1 TO S-A-11
-24]CB-A-13 (24 STRINGS)[S-A-13-1 TO S-A-13
-24]CB-A-14 (24 STRINGS)[S-A-14-1 TO S
-A-14-24]CB-A-15 (24 STRINGS
)[S-A-15-1 TO S
-A-15-24]CB-A-16 (24 STR
INGS)
[S-A-16-1 TO S-A
-16-24
]CB-A-12 (24 STRINGS)[S-A-12-1 TO S-A-12
-24]
OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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RTH CAROLINASEAL034630STRINGINGPLANSUB-ARRAY ANONEMLWJRADKP.04CB-A-1COMBINER BOX NOTATIONINVERTER NOTATIONCOMBINER BOXNUMBERS-A-1-1STRING NOTATIONINVERTER NOTATIONSTRING NUMBERCOMBINER BOX NUMBERSTRINGCOMBINER BOX NUMBERSTRING NUMBERCOMB TO INV TRENCH NOTATIONWHERE:CB-A-1S-A-1-1CT-1CT-1COMBINER TRENCH NOTATIONNUMBER OFCOMBINER CABLE SETS.(2) CONDUCTORS AND(1)GROUND PER SETSTRINGING/ PLOT PLAN- SUB- ARRAY ASCALE: 1" = 40'
CB-A-15 (24 STR
INGS)
[S-A-15-1 TO S-A
-15-24
]CB-A-16 (24 STRINGS)[S-A-16-1
TO
S-A-16-24]CB-B-9 (24 STRINGS)[S-B-9-1 TO S
-B-9-24
]CB-B-11 (24 STRINGS)[S-B-11-1
TO
S-B-11-24]CB-B-13 (23 STRINGS)
[S-B-13
-1
TO
S-B-13-23]CB-B-14 (23 STR
INGS)
[S-B-14-1 TO S-B
-14-23
]CB-B-15 (23
STRINGS)[S-B-15-1 TO S-B-15
-23]CB-B-16 (23
STRINGS)[S-B-16-1
TO
S-B-16-23]
OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630STRINGINGPLANSUB-ARRAY BNONEMLWJRADKP.05CB-A-1COMBINER BOX NOTATIONINVERTER NOTATIONCOMBINER BOXNUMBERS-A-1-1STRING NOTATIONINVERTER NOTATIONSTRING NUMBERCOMBINER BOX NUMBERSTRINGCOMBINER BOX NUMBERSTRING NUMBERCOMB TO INV TRENCH NOTATIONWHERE:CB-A-1S-A-1-1CT-1CT-1COMBINER TRENCH NOTATIONNUMBER OFCOMBINER CABLE SETS.(2) CONDUCTORS AND(1)GROUND PER SETSTRINGING/ PLOT PLAN- SUB- ARRAY BSCALE: 1" = 40'
CB-C-5 (23
STRINGS)
[S-C-5
-1
TO
S-C-5
-23]CB-C-6
(23 STRINGS)
[S-C
-6
-1
TO
S-C
-6-23]CB-C-8 (23 STRINGS)[S-C-8-1 TO S-C-8-23]CB-C-9 (22 STRINGS)
[S-C
-9
-1
TO
S-C
-9-22]CB-C-12 (22 STRINGS)[S-C-12
-1
TO
S-C
-12-22]CB-C-15 (22 STRINGS)[S-C-15
-1
TO
S-C
-15-22
]STRINGINGPLANSUB-ARRAY CNONEMLWJRADKP.06OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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RTH CAROLINASEAL034630CB-A-1COMBINER BOX NOTATIONINVERTER NOTATIONCOMBINER BOXNUMBERS-A-1-1STRING NOTATIONINVERTER NOTATIONSTRING NUMBERCOMBINER BOX NUMBERSTRINGCOMBINER BOX NUMBERSTRING NUMBERCOMB TO INV TRENCH NOTATIONWHERE:CB-A-1S-A-1-1CT-1CT-1COMBINER TRENCH NOTATIONNUMBER OFCOMBINER CABLE SETS.(2) CONDUCTORS AND(1)GROUND PER SETSTRINGING/ PLOT PLAN- SUB- ARRAY CSCALE: 1" = 40'
CABLE LENGTH/SIZES AND DC VOLTAGE DROP CALCULATIONS:OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623COMBINERSCHEDULESNONEMLWJRADKP.07A
DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYOWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630DASMONITORING NONEMLWJRADKP.07B
STRING WIRING NOTE: WIRING SCHEME SHOWN INDETAIL-1/PV201 AND 2/PV201 IS INDICATIVE ONLY.IT IS FIELD DETERMINED HOW TO WIRE THE STRINGS DEPEND ONEASE OF INSTALLATION AND AVAILABILITYOF SKILLED LABOR TO REDUCE THE CHANCES OF ERRORS INSTRING WIRING.INVERTER-A-1667KW1850 KVASTEP-UP XFMRRE-COMBINERBOXSTRINGCOMBINERBOXSOLARPV ARRAYSOLAR PV MODULEPV MODULEMOUNTING RAILINVERTER-B-1667KW1850 KVASTEP-UP XFMRRE-COMBINERBOXSTRINGCOMBINERBOXSOLARPV ARRAYINVERTER-C-1667KW1850 KVASTEP-UP XFMRRE-COMBINERBOXSTRINGCOMBINERBOXSOLARPV ARRAYMODULES TO BE ATTACHED TO PURLINS USINGNUT,BOLT AND SERRATED STAR WASHERPER GAMECHANGE INSTALLATIONMANUAL AND UL LISTING.#6 AWG BARE CU BONDING JUMPERFROM RAIL CONNECTED TO EQUIPMENTGROUNDING TERMINAL ATSTRING COMBINER BOXGAMECHANGE RECOMMENDS UP TO 16 STRINGS MAY BEGROUNDED ON ONE GROUNDING LUG WHICH SHOULD BE ATTACHED AT THE HOLE PROVIDED NEXT TO7+(0$5.,1*³*5281'´,167$//&223(5%851'<25($7218/$33529('*5281',1*/8*WITH 1/4-INCH BOLTS AS IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEC ARTICLE 690 TO THE END OF THE LAST EWPURLIN WHICH HAS PANELS ATTACHED TO IT WHICH ARE TO BE BONDED, USING 8 GAUGE COPPERWIRE. REPEAT FOR EACH 16 STRINGS.COPPER CLADSTEEL DRIVENGROUND ROD, 5/8" DIAMETER,8' MIN. LENGTHCOPPER CLADSTEEL DRIVENGROUND ROD, 5/8" DIAMETER,8' MIN. LENGTH#2/0 BARE CUGROUNDINGELECTRODECONDUCTOR#2/0 BARE CUGROUNDINGELECTRODECONDUCTOR#2/0 BARE CUGROUNDINGELECTRODECONDUCTOR#2/0 BARE CUGROUNDINGELECTRODECONDUCTOR#2/0 BARE CUGROUNDINGELECTRODECONDUCTORRE-COMBINER BOX1667 kW INVERTER(1) 4" SCH 40PVCLVSECTIONMVSECTION1850 kVAXFMRAUX.POWERCENTER#2/0 BARE CUGROUNDINGELECTRODECONDUCTOR(16) 3" SCH 40PVCLVSECTIONMVSECTION1850 kVAXFMRRE-COMBINER BOX1667 kW INVERTER(1) 4" SCH 40PVCAUX.POWERCENTEROWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630WIRING &NONEMLWJRADKP.08#2/0 BARE CUGROUNDINGELECTRODECONDUCTORINVERTERS PAD CONDUIT ROUTING DETAILSSCALE: NTSSOLAR PN STRING WIRING SCHEMESCALE: NTSSOLAR PV ARRAY EQUIPMENT GROUNDING SCHEME-310 WATT MODULESSCALE: NTSOVERALL EQUIPMENT GROUDNING SCHEME- INVERTERS- A,B & CSCALE: NTSINVERTERS PAD EQUIPMENT GROUNDING DETAILS- PLAN VIEWSCALE: NTS
INVERTERDC DISCONNECTDANGERHIGH VOLTAGEKEEP AWAYAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLYDC DISCONNECTCAUTIONWARNING!ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARDTHE DC CONDUCTORS OFTHE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMARE UNGROUNDED ANDMAY BE ENERGIZED.WARNING!ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARDIF GROUND FAULT IS INDICATEDTHEN NORMALLY GROUNDCONDUCTORS MAY BEUNGROUNDED AND ENERGIZEDDANGERAC DISCONNECTHIGH VOLTAGE - KEEP AWAYAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLYTURN OFF INVERTER PRIOR TO OPERATING AC DISCONNECTPHOTOVOLTAICAC DISCONNECTPHOTOVOLTAICCOMBINER BOXDANGERHIGH VOLTAGEKEEP AWAYAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLYDC FUSEDCOMBINER BOXTRANSFORMER - "X"GENERAL NOTESPHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM LABELSSCALE: NTSAC DISONNECT LABELINGSCALE: NTSDC SYSTEM LABELINGSCALE: NTSTRANSFORMER LABELINGSCALE: NTSTURN OF DC CIRCUIT BREAKER BEFORE WORKING INSIDE THE PANELWARNING!ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARDDO NOT TOUCH TERMINALSTERMINALS ON BOTH THELINE AND LOAD SIDE MAYBE ENERGIZED IN THEOPEN POSITIONDANGER23.0KV AC DISCONNECTHIGH VOLTAGE - KEEP AWAYAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLYTURN OFF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM PRIOR TO OPERATING AC DISCONNECTWARNING!POINT OF INTERCONNECTION ISCONNECTED TO MULTIPLE ACPOWER SOURCESTURN OFF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM PRIOR TOOPERATING THIS SWITCHGEARLABEL & MARKING LEGENDOWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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DC INPUTTERMINALSLVSECTIONMVSECTION1850 kVAXFMRRE-COMBINER BOX1667 kW INVERTERDC INPUTTERMINALSOWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630PHOTOVOLTAICNONEMLWJRADKP.11
THREE PHASE TERMINAL RISER POLE W/ GOAB CUTOUTS & ARRESTORSSCALE: NTSSINGLE SUPPORT ON CROSSARMSCALE: NTSSINGLE DEADEND ON CROSSARM ASSEMBLYSCALE: NTSUSDA RUS DETAIL#: VC1.11, VC1.12USDA RUS DETAIL#: VC5.71.LMETER ENCLOSURE & DAS COMMUNICATIONS RISERSCALE: NTS12.47KVNONEMLWJRADKP.12OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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RTH CAROLINASEAL034630PHASEAPHASEBPHASECGROUNDX2 TOI11WATTSONUniversal Power TransducerxxxxI12I21I22I31I32GROUNDX2 TOMETERING ENCLOSURE - CT & PT WIRINGSCALE: NTS
SITEDIMENSION PLANNONEMLWJRADKP.13OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630PV SYSTEM CONFIGURATION:$=,087+758(6287+ƒ7,/7$1*/(ƒEDGE TO EDGE ROW DISTANCE: 24.5ftDISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS: 12.8ftROW SPACING DESIGNED FORDec. 21st 10am - 2pm UNSHADED WINDOWGROUND CLEARANCE: MINIMUM 2.0'STRING SIZE: 19 MODULES PER STRINGCORNWALL SOLAR CENTER, LLC ~ 24.5 acres6.40MWDC / 5.0MWACSYSTEM VOLTAGE:DC: 1000VINVERTER OUTPUT: 418VDCINTERCONNECTION: 23KVMODULES: Hareonsolar HRA-320P-24/Ba - QTY: 20,634TOTAL STRINGS: 1,086 (19 MODULE STRINGS)INVERTERS (SKIDS): TMEiC - 1,666kW - QTY: 33 BLOCKS (SUB-ARRAYS A, B and C)6,878 MODULES PER BLOCK362 STRINGS PER BLOCK1 INVERTER SKID 1666kW PER BLOCKRACKING: GAMECHANGE RACKING2 MODULES IN PORTRAITBALLASTED FOUNDATIONSSYSTEM SUMMARYPV ARRAY CONFIGURATIONSITE DIMENSION PLAN SCALE: 1" = 100'INVERTER SKID C & METER LOCATIONSCALE: 3/16" = 1'-0"
EQUIPMENT PLANSCALE: 1/2" = 1'-0"GENERAL CONSTRUCTION NOTES:1.This set of plans has been prepared for the purposes ofmunicipal and agency review and approval. This set of plansshall not be utilized as construction documents until all drawingshave been revised to indicate "ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION."Contractor shall e-mail [e-mail] to ensure that theyhave the latest set of construction drawings prior to commencingany work whatsoever.2.ADA compliance: The facility is a normally unoccupied solarfacility.3.These plans are intended to be used to direct the proposedlayout. Drawings should not be scaled unless otherwise noted.Plans, elevations and details are intended to show the end resultof design. Minor modifications may be required to suit jobdimensions or conditions.4.The contractor shall verify all dimensions and conditions andnotify the Project Manager of any discrepancies before startingany work.5.These plans are designed to reflect observed field conditions.Certain conditions are assumed to comply with general standardconstruction design methods and principles, and the Contractorshall note that not all areas of structural attachment have beenopened or specifically verified. The Contractor is thereforerequested to notify the Engineer immediately should encounteredfield conditions vary from those depicted on the drawings. KMBDesign Group, LLC will issue field change direction if required.The Project Manager is referenced on the cover sheet.6.All equipment and materials shall be installed in accordance withthe manufacturer's recommendations unless otherwise noted bythe Engineer of Record.7.The Contractor shall be responsible for all work performed andmaterials installed to be in strict conformance, as a minimumstandard, with all applicable codes, regulations and ordinanceshaving jurisdiction. Electrical systems shall be installed inconformance with the National Electrical Code, and all other localand state jurisdictional codes, ordinances, and with local utilitycompany specifications, whichever is more stringent.8.The Contractor shall keep contract area clean, hazard free anddispose of all dirt, stumps, stones, rubbish or debris inaccordance with all local and environmental laws. Uponcompletion, repair any damage that may have occurred duringconstruction.9.The Contractor shall be solely responsible and have control overconstruction means, methods, techniques, sequences, andprocedures.DIVISION 2 - SITE WORK1.The Contractor shall call utilities prior to the start ofconstruction.2.All existing active sewer, water, gas, electric, and otherutilities where encountered in the work, shall be protectedat all times, and where required for the proper executionof the work, shall be relocated as directed by Engineers.Extreme caution should be used by the Contractor whenexcavating or pier drilling around or near utilities. TheContractor shall provide safety training for the workingcrew. This will include but not limited to:A.Fall protectionB.Confined spaceC.Electrical safetyD.Trenching & excavation3.All site work shall be as indicated on the drawing andstipulated in the specification project summary.4.If necessary, rubbish, stumps, debris, sticks, stones, andother refuse shall be removed from the site and disposedof legally.5.The site shall be graded to cause surface water flow awayfrom equipment.6.No fill or embankment material shall be placed on frozenground. Frozen materials, snow or ice shall not be placedin any fill or embankment.7.The sub grade shall be compacted and brought to asmooth uniform grade prior to finished surface application.8.All existing inactive sewer, water, gas, electric and otherutilities, which interfere with the execution of the work,shall be removed and/or capped, plugged or otherwisediscontinued at points which will not interfere with theexecution of the work, subject to the approval ofengineering.9.The areas of the Owners property disturbed by the workand not covered by the building or driveway, shall begraded to a uniform slope, fertilized, seeded, and coveredwith mulch as specified in the specification of landscapework.10.The Contractor shall minimize disturbance to existing siteduring construction. Erosion control measures, shall be inconformance with the local guidelines for erosion andsediment control.11.All back fill shall be compacted to 95% modified proctordensity as determined by ASTM standard test procedures.DIVISION 3 - CONCRETE1.Design and construction of all concrete elements shallconform to the latest editions of the following applicablecodes: ACI 301 "Specifications for Structural Concrete forBuildings"; ACI 318 "Building Code Requirements forReinforced Concrete".2.Mix design shall be approved by Owner's representativeprior to placing concrete.3.Concrete shall be normal weight, 6% air entrained“ZLWKDPD[LPXPVOXPSDQGKDYHDPLQLPXP28-day compressive strength of 3000 psi unlessotherwise noted.4.Maximum aggregate size shall be 1".5.The following materials shall be used: Portland cement:ASTM C 150, TYPE I Reinforcement:ASTM A 185 Normal weight aggregate:ASTM C 33 Water:Drinkable Admixtures:Non-chloride containing6.Reinforcing details shall be in accordance with the latestedition of ACI 315.7.Reinforcing steel shall conform to ASTM A 615, grade 60,deformed unless noted otherwise. Welded wire fabricshall conform to ASTM A 185 welded steel wire fabricunless noted otherwise. Splices shall be class "B" and allhooks shall be standard, unless otherwise noted.8.The following minimum concrete cover shall be providedfor reinforcing steel unless shown otherwise on drawings:xConcrete cast against earth ......... 3''xConcrete exposed to earth or weather:#6 and larger ...................................... 2''#5 and smaller .................................... 1 1/2''xConcrete not exposed to earth or weather or notcast against the ground:Slab and wall .......................................... 3/4''Beams and columns ............................ 1 1/2''9.A 1" chamfer shall be provided at all exposed edges ofconcrete, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with ACI30 section 4.2.4.10.Installation of concrete anchor, shall be per manufacturerswritten recommended procedure, the anchor bolt, dowelor rod shall conform to manufacturer's recommendationfor embedment depth or as shown on the drawing. Norebar shall be cut without prior engineering approval whendrilling holes in concrete.DIVISION 5 - METALSSECTION 05120 - STRUCTURAL STEEL1.Codes and specifications:A.The fabrication/erection shall conform to therequirements of the following codes and specifications,latest edition, unless otherwise noted:xThe local building code.xAISC-specification for structural steel buildings,allowable stress design, 1989.xASTM A992 structural steel (for all w sections only).xASTM A36 structural steel (all other sections).xASTM A53, type E, grade B, electric resistancewelded steel pipe.xASTM 123 zinc (hot-dip galvanized) coatings oniron and steel products.xASTM 153 zinc coated (hot-dip) iron and steelhardware.xAWS D1.1 structural welding code.xEIA/TIA-222 structural standards for steel antennatowers and antenna supporting structures.2.Design parameters:A.The structural steel antenna mounting frames aredesigned to provide support for antennas and allhardware and accessories associated with antennas.3.Fabrication and installation requirements:A.The antenna supports, antennas and mountinghardware shall be constructed plumb, level and true.B.All structural elements and fasteners shall begalvanized in accordance with ASTM A123 and A153.C.Welds should be shop made wherever possible,conforming to AISC specification and AWSrequirements. All welds are to be of the size and typeindicated. Contractor shall employ a licensed welderand shall provide the engineer with their name and acopy of their license prior to commencing any fieldwelding.D.Contractor shall provide fire watch during all weldingoperations, brazing and soldering and other workrequiring the use of an open flame. Two (2) hand held30 lb fire extinguishers and adequate water supplyshall be maintained on site. Fire watch plan shall besubmitted to the client for approval prior to welding.E.All bolted connections shall be A325 high strengthbolts 5/8'' diameter minimum size unless otherwisenoted. Bolts shall be supplied with flat washers. Boltsshall be tightened in accordance with the AISC snugtight condition, unless otherwise noted.F.Protective galvanized coatings which were damagedor removed during erection or transportation shall berestored by painting with zinc-rich primer.11. Curing compounds shall conform to ASTM C-309.12.Admixtures shall conform to the appropriate ASTM standard as referenced in ACI-301.13.Do not weld or tack weld reinforcing steel.14.All dowels, anchor bolts, embedded steel, electricalconduits, pipe sleeves, grounds and all other embeddeditems and formed details shall be in place before start ofconcrete placement.15.Locate additional construction joints required to facilitateconstruction as acceptable to Engineer. Place reinforcement continuously through joint.16.Reinforcement shall be cold bent whenever bending isrequired.17.Place concrete in a uniform manner to prevent the formation of cold joints and other planes of weakness.Vibrate the concrete to fully embed reinforcing. Do notuse vibrators to transport concrete thorough chutes orformwork.18.Do not place concrete in water, ice, or on frozen ground.19.Do not allow concrete sub base to freeze during concrete curing and setting period, or a minimum of 14days after placement.20.For cold -weather and hot-weather concrete placement,conform to applicable ACI codes and recommendations.In either case, materials containing chloride, calcium,salts, etc. shall not be used. Protect fresh concrete fromweather for 7 days minimum.All threaded rods shall be 1/2'' diameter A36 steel unlessotherwise noted.A.Temporary structures for staging and constructionshall be capable of withstanding forces specified bythe local building code current edition.4.Inspections:A.All structural steel antenna frames, and connectionsshall be inspected prior to installation of antennas.B.All antenna cable trays, supports, channels andclamps shall be inspected prior to installation ofantenna cables.C.Coordinate all inspections with the client'sConstruction Manager.D.Contractor to make notifications 72 hours prior to anyrequired inspections.FOUNDATION SECTION ELEVATIONSCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"DRAWN BY:DWG No.:OWNERSHIP OF DOCUMENTS: THIS DOCUMENT AND THE IDEAS AND DESIGNS INCORPORATED HEREIN, AS IN INSTRUMENT OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ARE THE PROPERTY OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC AND ARE NOT TO BE USED, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOROTHER PROJECTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION OF KMB DESIGN GROUP, LLC. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON TO AMEND ANY ASPECT OF THESE DRAWINGS UNLESS THEY HAVE THE APPROVAL OF THE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL IN WRITING.DATE:DRAWN BY:DWG No.:DRAWING TITLEKMB PROJECT No: DATEREV.REVISIONDESCRIPTIONDRAWNBYCHKD.BYCHECKED BY:DRAWING SCALE:6595 Landfill Road
Oxford, NC 27565
Granville County732.0316.00105.12.2015009-16-15ISSUED FORPERMITKMBKMB1110915REVISION 1MLWJRKMB-12.09.16ASBUILT MLWJRADKFOR ALL QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACTALLISON D. KIMBALL - SR PROJECT MANAGERStephen A. BrayPROFESSIONAL ENGINEER12/09/16NC LICENSE: 034630FIRM LICENSE: P-0841kmbdg.comDESIGN GROUP1800 ROUTE 34, SUITE 209WALL, NJ 07719(732) 280-5623N
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TH CAROLINASEAL034630STRUCTURAL NONEMLWJRADKS.01
SCALE:
DATE:
FILE:
LOT #
WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN
10-14-2015
N/A'
WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN:
WASTE GENERATED BY CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES:
1.NO ON-SITE BURIAL FOR DEBRIS.
2.WASTE GENERATED FROM GENERAL CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY INCLUDE:
2.1.CARDBOARD AND PLASTIC BANDING, PALETTES
2.2. VEGETATION FROM CLEARING OPERATION.
2.3.COPPER AND ALUMINUM CABLE
2.4.CONCRETE WASH CONTAINED WITHIN NCDENR APPROVED WASHOUT.
2.5.LANDSCAPE PACKING MATERIALS
2.6.MATERIALS INTERNAL TO SKIMMER SEDIMENT BASINS: SCHEDULE 40 PLASTIC, POROUS BAFFLES, METALAND WOODEN STAKES, SILT FENCE FILTER FABRIC.
3.GRANVILLE COUNTY LANDFILL CAN ACCOMMODATE CONSTRUCTION WASTE. WASTE HAULING WILL HAVE
TO BE ROUTED THROUGH THE PROPER CHANNELS WITHIN THE LANDFILL OPERATION.
4.BURNING PERMIT OBTAINED FOR VEGETATION THAT WAS REMOVED.
5.GRANVILLE COUNTY LANDFILL ACCEPTS RECYCLABLE MATERIAL.
6.SOLAR PANELS CONTAIN HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. IN THE EVENT A PANEL IS DAMAGED BEYOND USEDEVELOPER RETURNS PANEL TO MANUFACTURER FOR RECYCLING.
WASTE GENERATED BY OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES:
1. NO WASTE IS GENERATED BY THE OPERATION OF THE SOLAR FACILITY.
CORNWALL
SOLAR ELECTRIC POWER PLANTLANDFILL ROAD, GRANVILLE CO, NC