3901_Granville_Oxford_MSWLF_CDLF_PTO_WQMP_FID1286115_20190308

PREPARED FOR:
GRANVILLE COUNTY
SOLID WASTE DEPARTMENT
P.O. Box 906
OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA 27565
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GRANVILLE COUNTY
OXFORD LANDFILL
PERMIT NO.39-01
WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
JANUARY 2018
REVISED MARCH 2019
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PREPARED BY:
V
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2211 WEST MEADOWVIEW ROAD, SUITE 101
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27407
NC LICENSE NUMBER C-0782
PHONE: [phone]
FAx: [phone]
PROJECT No. 2182022.01

WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
Oxford Landfill Units 1 & 2 - Granville County
Permit No. 39-01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1
1.1 Site Background.................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Site Geology and Hydrology.............................................................................................. 1
1.2.1 Site Geology............................................................................................................ 1
1.2.2 Site Hydrogeology................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Aquifer Characteristics & Groundwater Flow Regime ...................................................... 2
1.4 Monitoring History and Regulatory Status......................................................................... 3
1.4.1 Monitoring History................................................................................................. 3
1.4.2 Regulatory Status.................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Groundwater Monitoring Program..................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Unit I Monitoring Program.................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Unit 2 Monitoring Program.................................................................................... 7
2.2 Surface Water Monitoring Program.................................................................................... 7
3.0
SAMPLING PROTOCOLS................................................................................................. 7
3.1
Groundwater Sampling Methodology................................................................................. 7
3.2
Surface Water Sampling Methodology..............................................................................
11
3.3
Sample Analytical Requirements.......................................................................................
11
3.3.1 Analytical Requirements............................................................................................
11
3.3.2 Reporting and Record Keeping.................................................................................
12
3.4
Comparison to GPS...........................................................................................................
12
3.5
Statistical Analyses...........................................................................................................
13
3.5.1 Treatment of Censored Data.....................................................................................
13
3.5.2 Assumption of Normality...........................................................................................
13
3.5.3 Parametric Upper Tolerance Limit...........................................................................
13
3.5.4 Aitchison 's Adjusted Parametric Upper Prediction Limit ........................................
14
3.5.5 Non parametric Upper Tolerance Limit...................................................................
14
3.5.6 Poisson Upper Prediction Limit................................................................................
14
3.6
Surface Water Monitoring................................................................................................
14
4.0 ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY MONITOR RELEASES..............................................14
5.0 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................15
6.0 ACRONYMS....................................................................................................................... 16
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
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WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
Oxford Landfill Units 1 & 2 - Granville County
Permit No. 39-01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLES
Table 1
Monitoring Well Construction Details
Table 2
Historical Groundwater Elevations
Table 3
Groundwater Velocity Calculations
FIGURE
Figure 1 Site Location Map
DRAWING
Drawing 1 Water Quality Monitoring Plan
APPENDICES
Appendix A NC Appendix I & II Constituents with NC2L Standards and GWPS
Appendix B NC-2B Surface Water Standards
Appendix C Example Field Logs and Chain of Custody
Appendix D Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water
Sampling (April 2008)
Appendix E Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form and 14-Day Notification of
Groundwater Protection Standard Exceedance Form
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
iii

WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLAN
Oxford Landfill Units 1 & 2 - Granville County
Permit No. 39-01
4.0 INTRODUCTION
On behalf of Granville County, Joyce Engineering (JOYCE) has prepared this Water Quality
Monitoring Plan (WQMP) for the Oxford Landfill Units 1 & 2 (facility) in accordance with 15A
NCAC 13B.1632-.1637 of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (NCSWMR). The
Unit 1 of the facility is currently in Assessment Monitoring (§.1634) and Corrective Action. Unit
2 of the facility is currently in Detection Monitoring.
1.1 Site Background
The Oxford Landfill is located at 6584 Landfill Road, Oxford, Granville County, North Carolina,
near the town of Kinton Fork (Figure 1). The facility is owned and operated by Granville County
under Permit Numbers 3901-CDLF-1997 (Unit 1) and 3901-MSW1LF-2012 (Unit 2), issued by
the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) [formerly the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)] Solid Waste Section (SWS). The Oxford Landfill
consists of two separate waste disposal units: Unit 1 is a former unlined municipal solid waste
(MSW) landfill with a C&D landfill on top; and Unit 2 is a Subtitle-D MSW landfill. The
permitted facility consists of approximately 283 acres, of which approximately 29 acres constitutes
the Unit 1 waste unit and 37.3 acres constitutes Unit 2.
Unit 1 was originally permitted for disposal of domestic, institutional, industrial, agricultural, and
demolition wastes in 1981. The Unit 1 MSW landfill was closed in 1997. Between 1997 and
2017, the facility disposed of construction and demolition (C&D) waste on top of the closed Unit
1 MSW landfill in accordance with the facility's Transition Plan dated 1994. The facility stopped
disposing of C&D waste in this unit in the summer of 2017 and closure of the Unit 1 C&D landfill
is expected to begin in spring 2018. Unit 1 is currently in Assessment Monitoring and Corrective
Action.
Unit 2 is a Subtitle-D MSW landfill permitted for disposal of domestic, institutional, industrial,
agricultural, and demolition wastes. Granville County received the Unit 2 Permit to Operate from
the NCDEQ on February 19, 2013. The County began placing waste in Phase 1 of Unit 2 on May
1, 2013. Unit 2 is currently in Detection Monitoring.
1.2 Site Geology and Hydrology
1.2.1 Site Geolo�y
The Oxford Landfill is located in the Carolina Slate Belt of the Piedmont Physiographic Province
of North Carolina. The geologic province is characterized by a rolling topography with a thick
mantle of saprolite overlying Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic igneous and metamorphic bedrock.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01 March 2019

The Carolina Slate Belt is comprised of 550 to 650 million year old, metamorphosed sedimentary
and volcanic rocks, intruded by granitic rocks.
The Oxford Landfill is underlain by the Flat River Complex, which is a shallow intrusive complex
of granitic composition, which comprises a large portion of the northern Carolina Slate Belt
(Butler, 1991). The landfill is approximately 18 miles east of the Virgilina Synclinorium,
approximately 10 miles west of the Nutbush Creek Fault Zone, and approximately 4 miles
northwest of the Durham Basin (Butler, 1991).
Previous investigations discovered limited exposures in the borrow area of a competent, massive,
gray to greenish gray meta -volcanic rock that is moderately fractured with prominent fractures
with near vertical dips and striking approximately N25° to 30°W (Woodward -Clyde, 1994).
Boring logs indicate that the depth to bedrock at Oxford Landfill ranges from 5 to 30 feet below
ground surface. The overlying saprolite consists of brownish sandy to clayey silt (Woodward -
Clyde, 1994).
1.2.2 Site Hydrogeoloa
Groundwater in the Piedmont can occur in substantial volumes where soils and regolith are thick,
but groundwater is typically found in minimal volumes in bedrock, primarily restricted to fractures.
The water table under the area of investigation was encountered in the unconfined aquifer that is
mostly in the transition zone that consists of saprolite and highly fractured bedrock. This
unconfined aquifer is pervasive across the site and generally mimics the surface topography. The
saturated portion of the uppermost aquifer beneath the site is vertically continuous to bedrock, and
no confining layers have been encountered during previous site investigations. There is a high
degree of connectivity between the saprolite and underlying fractured bedrock such that they
behave as a single continuous aquifer. Depth to water ranged from 5 to 10 feet below grade in
wells MW-4R, MW-6R, NES-2S, and NES-2D; and 10 to 25 feet below grade in MW-IA, MW-2,
MW-3R, MW-5R, MW-7, NES-lS, and NES-11). In general, the water table is near the
saprolite/bedrock interface. Well construction details for the facility's monitoring wells are
summarized in Table 1, and historical groundwater elevations are presented in Table 2.
Groundwater in the saprolite feeds the fractures in the bedrock and is expected to discharge into
creeks located northeast of the landfill. Groundwater flow at deeper levels within the fractured
bedrock is controlled by fractures. A groundwater potentiometric surface map, based on static
water level data obtained on August 23, 2017, is presented as Drawing 1. The groundwater map
depicts groundwater flow to the north.
1.3 Aquifer Characteristics & Groundwater Flow Regime
Depth to groundwater is measured in all compliance monitoring wells at the site prior to each
sampling event. The groundwater elevations calculated relative to the surveyed measuring point
(top of casing) for each monitoring well are summarized in Table 2. The groundwater elevation
contours shown in Drawing I are based on data from the August 2017 sampling event.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
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Groundwater flow beneath the Landfill is primarily to the north. Horizontal groundwater gradients
were estimated from the August 2017 groundwater levels and are summarized in Table 3.
Horizontal gradients across the site ranged from 0.0185 to 0.0220. These values are consistent
with previous estimates.
Linear groundwater flow velocities for wells screened in saprolite were computed using the
following modified Darcy equation: V = Kiln , where V = average linear velocity (feet/year),
K= hydraulic conductivity (feet/day), i = horizontal hydraulic gradient, and n = effective porosity.
The arithmetic mean of hydraulic conductivities from slug -tests conducted in 1995, 1999 and 2004
(K = 2.54 ft/day) were used in these calculations, along with an estimated effective porosity of
0.45 based on 85% of the average of laboratory -determined porosities for site soil (0.53). The
average estimated linear groundwater flow velocity under the facility was calculated at 42.6 ft/year
(Table 3). The linear velocity equation makes the simplifying assumptions of a homogeneous and
isotropic aquifer.
1.4 Monitoring History and Regulatory Status
1.4.1 MonitoringHistoa
• 1995: Oxford Unit 1 entered Assessment Monitoring due to detections of organic
constituents in several monitoring wells.
• 1998: Monitoring wells MW-3R, MW-4R, MW-5R, and MW-6R replaced MW-3, MW-4,
MW-5, and MW-6, respectively.
• 2003: Assessment of Corrective Measures (ACM) and Nature and Extent Study (NES)
initiated due to 15A NCAC 2L.0202(NC2L) Groundwater Standard exceedances of
benzene in MW-4R and vinyl chloride in MW-5R.
• May 2004: Nature and Extent wells NES-1 S&D and NES-2S&D installed.
• May 2005: NES, ACM, & Risk Assessment submitted to DENR-SWS.
• August 21, 2006: ACM Public Meeting held in Oxford, NC.
• June 2008: Corrective Action Plan (CAP) submitted to NCDEQ-SWS.
• December 2008: First Baseline sampling event for MNA
• March 2009: Final Revision of CAP submitted to NCDEQ-SWS.
• April 23, 2009: CAP Approved by NCDEQ-SWS.
• June 2010: Final Baseline sampling event for MNA.
• December 23, 2010: Request for Background Well Replacement approved by NCDEQ-
SWS makes MW-7 (formerly P-2) the new site background monitoring well.
• January 27, 2011: Corrective Action Evaluation Report (CAER) reviewed and approved
by NCDEQ-SWS with an updated list of constituents of concern (COCs), along with the
Alternate Source Demonstration (ASD) for Chromium, Thallium and TDS in MW-IA.
NCDEQ-SWS denied the request to remove selected MNA parameters but allowed a
modified monitoring frequency for some MNA parameters beginning in June 2011.
• January 27, 2011: 1,1-dichloroethane was added to the COC list and benzene and cis-
1,2-dichloroethylene were dropped from the COC list following NCDEQ-SWS approval.
• June 9, 2011: ASD for Iron and Manganese approved as described by NCDEQ-SWS.
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Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01 March 2019

• February 2012: Beta-BHC added to COC list due to confirmed exceedance in MW-5R
during the December 2011 sampling event.
• May 22, 2014: Granville County requested changes to the designations and monitoring
requirements for some of the facility's monitoring wells.
• June 3, 2014: The SWS approved the following: Monitoring wells MW-2, MW-3R,
MW-4R, and MW-6R reverted back to detection monitoring (Appendix I) from assessment
monitoring (Appendix II). NES-IS and NES-11) were removed from the groundwater
corrective action monitoring network. Sampling for Monitored Natural Attenuation
parameters in monitoring wells MW-3R and MW-4R was discontinued.
• July 30, 2015: Corrective Action Evaluation Report (CAER) reviewed and approved by
the SWS with an updated list of COCs, removing 1, 1 -dichloroethane and beta-BHC from
the COC list.
• July 8, 2016: Well NES-11) was abandoned.
1.4.2 Re ul�atory Status
The Oxford Unit 1 Landfill has remained in Assessment Monitoring since 1995 due to detections
of organic constituents. There were NC2L Standard exceedances of benzene in MW-4R in 2003,
which have not been detected since, and there have been persistent NC2L exceedances of vinyl
chloride in MW-5R from 2003 to present, but with generally decreasing trends. The County
received a letter from the SWS dated August 20, 2003, that requested the County to proceed with
assessment activities at Oxford Unit 1 Landfill. A meeting between JOYCE and the SWS was
held on February 11, 2004, to discuss the SWS's requirements for a Nature and Extent Study
(NES) and an Assessment of Corrective Measures (ACM). In May 2005, Granville County
submitted a NES (JOYCE, 2005a), and an ACM (JOYCE, 2005b) and a Quantitative Risk
Assessment (QRA) (JOYCE, 2005c) to the NCDEQ in accordance with 15A NCAC 1313.1634.
Granville County held a public meeting for the ACM on August 21, 2006. A CAP was submitted
in June 2008, with revisions in October 2008 and March 2009 (JOYCE, 2009). The CAP proposed
Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) as the primary remedy, supplemented with Control of
Decomposition Gasses as a secondary remedy. The CAP was approved in a letter from NCDEQ-
SWS dated April 23, 2009. The gas interception trench proposed in the Control of Decomposition
Gasses was installed July 2009. The last sampling event for the Baseline MNA was completed in
December 2010.
An Alternate Source Demonstration for Iron and Manganese was submitted to the SWS October
26, 2010, after the requirements for additional constituent monitoring for C&D facilities showed
elevated concentrations of iron and manganese across multiple site wells in June 2010. The ASD
showed that the concentrations of iron and manganese were a result of natural occurrence in site
soil and not a release from the landfill. The ASD for Iron and Manganese was approved as
described by the SWS on June 9, 2011. Since the approval of the ASD on June 9, 2011, the SWS
updated the guidance for developing ASD; accordingly, Granville County will revise the approved
ASD following the 2017 document entitle NC Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Alternate Source
Demonstration Submittals for Solid Waste Management Facility.
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Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
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The first CAER was submitted to the SWS on November 29, 2010, and in a letter dated January
27, 2011, the SWS reviewed and approved the CAER. The SWS denied a request to remove some
of the MNA parameters made on behalf of the county, but did approve a reduced alternate
monitoring frequency as follows; carbon dioxide, ferrous iron, volatile fatty acids, total organic
carbon (TOC), sulfide, and dissolved ethane and ethene for every third year on a semiannual basis.
NCDEQ-SWS also approved removing benzene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene from the COC list
and adding 1, 1 -dichloroethane. As a result, the current COC list includes vinyl chloride and 1,1-
dichloroethane. The ASD for chromium, thallium, and total dissolved solids in MW-lA was also
approved. The Oxford Unit 1 landfill continues in Assessment Monitoring, with additional C&D
indicator parameters and selected MNA parameters and COC monitored at designated wells at
frequencies presented in the January 27, 2011 SWS review of the CAER and ASD and summarized
in the next section.
1.4.3 Monitoring Well History
The original background well, MW-1, was replaced by MW-lA as the background well in 1999
and MW-1 was abandoned in 2001 after being damaged by a vehicle. MW-1 and MW-IA were
located near the scale house south of Unit 1, off of the Drawing 1 map area. A Request for
Background Well Replacement was submitted to the SWS October 25, 2010 because the
background monitoring well, MW-lA, was dry or affected by low water levels and excessive
sediment as well as possible bore seal damage. The request proposed piezometer P-2 to be
upgraded and re -named MW-7 to become the facility background monitoring well. NCDEQ-
SWS approved the request on December 23, 2010, and MW-7 became the background monitoring
well for the first semiannual sampling event of 2011. MW-lA is still monitored for static water
level.
Monitoring wells MW-3R, MW-4R, MW-5R, and MW-6R replaced MW-3, MW-4, MW-5, and
MW-6, respectively, in August 1999, due to the close proximity to waste of the original wells.
Monitoring wells NES-lS, NES-11), NES-2S, and NES-2D were installed as part of the NES in
May 2004 and were designated as corrective action performance/sentinel wells in the facility's
CAP approved in April 2009.
MW-9, MW-10, MW-11 were originally installed in 2008 as piezometers PZ-9, PZ-10, PZ-13,
and PZ-21, respectively, for hydrogeological investigations; however they were converted to
permanent monitoring wells in 2012 to monitor Unit 2, Phase 1. MW-8 was installed in 2012 to
monitor the Unit 2 leachate tank area. MW-12 was originally installed in 2008 as piezometer
PZ-21 and it was converted to a monitoring well in 2012 to be used as a background well for Phase
1 of Unit 2; however, it was later decided the MW-7 would be the background well for both Units,
so MW-12 has never been a part of the compliance network.
In May 2014, Granville County requested several changes to the designations and monitoring
requirements for some of the facility's monitoring wells. The requested changes included:
MW-2R, MW-3R, MW-4R, and MW-6R will revert to detection monitoring; NES-1 S and NES-1 D
will be removed from the corrective action monitoring network; and MNA parameters will no
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
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longer be required for MW-3R and MW-4R. These changes were approved by the NCDEQ in
June 2014. NES-1 D was abandoned in July 2016 after being damaged.
2.1 Groundwater Monitoring Program
2.1.1 Unit I Monitoring Program
Six groundwater monitoring wells comprise the current compliance monitoring network at the
Oxford Unit 1 Landfill. The compliance network includes monitoring wells MW-7 (the current
facility background well), MW-2, MW-3R, MW-4R, MW-5R, and MW-6R. In addition, one
performance well (NES-2S) and one sentinel well (NES 2D) are sampled under the Corrective
Action Plan (CAP) for the facility. The locations of these wells are shown on Drawing 1.
The following table summarizes the Unit 1 monitoring network and required analytical parameters
for the first and second semiannual sampling events.
Unit 1 Groundwater Monitoring Network
Monitoring
Date
Classification
Monitoring
TD
Lithology of Screened
V SA Event
2"d SA Event
Well
Installed
Program
Interval
Analyses
Analyses
MW-1A
unknown
Observation
Water
28.77
Saprolite
NS
NS
Level
MW-2
unknown
Compliance
Detection
29.34
Saprolite/Bedrock
App. I, C&D
App. 1, C&D
MW-3R
8/25/99
Compliance
Detection
27.12
Partially Weathered
App. 1, C&D
App. 1, C&D
Rock
MW-4R
8/26/99
Compliance
Detection
63.22
Bedrock
App. 1, C&D
App. 1, C&D
MW-5R
8/25/99
Compliance
Assessment
40.25
Bedrock
App. II, C&D,
App. I + Det.,
NINA
C&D,MNA
MW-6R
8/25/99
Compliance
Detection
42.90
Bedrock
App. 1, C&D
App. 1, C&D
MW-7
7/28/08
Background
Assessment
34.50
Partially Weathered
App. II, C&D,
App. I + Det.,
Rock
MNA
C&D, NINA
NES-2S
5/11/04
Performance*
CAMP
21.5
Saprolite
COCs, MNA
COCs, MNA
NES-2D
5/11/04
Sentinel
CAMP
66.5
Bedrock
COCs, MNA
NS
App. I = NCSWMR Appendix I list of constituents & 1,4-dioxane. COCs = Constituents of concern.
App. II = NCSWMR Appendix II list of constituents & 1,4-dioxane. MNA = Monitoring Natural Attenuation parameters.
App. I + Det. = App. I list plus detected App. II constituents. C&D = C&D indicator parameters.
NS = Not Sampled (After baseline period, sentinel wells are sampled annually).
CAMP = Corrective Action Monitoring Plan. *NES-2S is also a compliance well for Unit 2.
Appendix I & II: Appendix I and II of 40 CFR Part 258, also known as the North
Carolina Appendix I and II lists, as they have been incorporated into the
NCSWMR by reference.
C&D indicator parameters: mercury, manganese, iron, sulfate, chloride, alkalinity, total
dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance.
Current Appendix II detected constituents: mercury, sulfide, endosulfan I, and beta-
BHC.
Current Constituent of Concern: vinyl chloride and 1,4-dioxane.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
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MNA Field Parameters: Temperature, pH, specific conductance, oxidation reduction
potential, turbidity, dissolved oxygen on a semiannual basis. [Dissolved carbon dioxide,
and ferrous iron are sampled for both sampling events every third year.]
MNA Laboratory Parameters: Dissolved hydrogen, dissolved methane, nitrate, sulfate,
chloride, alkalinity on a semiannual basis. [Sulfide, TOC, ethane, ethene, and volatile
fatty acids are sampled for both sampling events every third year.]
2.1.2 Unit 2 Monitoringgram
Six groundwater monitoring wells comprise the compliance monitoring network at the Oxford
Unit 2 Landfill. The compliance network includes monitoring wells MW-7 (the current facility
background well), MW-8 (which monitors the leachate tank area), MW-9, MW-10, MW-11, and
NES-2S. The locations of these wells are shown on Drawing 1. All monitoring wells are sampled
for the North Carolina Appendix I list of constituents during both semiannual sampling events.
2.2 Surface Water Monitoring Program
There are two surface water sampling points associated with Unit 1, SW-1 and SW-2; and there
are two surface water sampling points associated with Unit 2, SW-3 and SW-4. Sampling point
SW-1 is located in a sedimentation basin near the southeast corner of Unit 1, upgradient of the
waste. Sampling point SW-2 is located northeast of Unit 1, along a tributary of Little Grassy
Creek, down -gradient of the waste. SW-3 is located upstream of Unit 2, on the perennial creek
that runs along the east side of Unit 2. SW-4 is located on the same perennial creek downstream
of the Unit 2, but before the confluence of the perennial creek and the drainage channel from the
west side of Unit 2, between Units 1 and 2. The surface water samples are analyzed for the
Appendix I list of constituents plus 1,4-dioxane during both semiannual events.
3.0 SAMPLING PROTOCOLS
3.1 Groundwater Sampling Methodology
Groundwater samples will be collected in accordance with Solid Waste Management Rules 15A
NCAC 13B .1630 through .1633 and guidance provided in the Solid Waste Section Guidelines for
Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling (April 2008), which is included in Appendix D.
Details of well purging, sample withdrawal, and decontamination methods, as well as chain -of -
custody procedures are outlined below.
Static water elevations and the total well depth will be measured to the nearest 0.01 of a foot in
each well prior to the sampling of each well. An electronic water level meter will be used for the
measurements, or other methods if they provide similar accuracy and precision. The distance from
the top of the well casing to the water surface and to the bottom of the well will be measured using
the tape attached to the probe. Reference elevations of the proposed wells have been obtained
from a North Carolina registered land surveyor.
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Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
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A low -yield well (one that is incapable of yielding three well volumes within a reasonable time)
will be purged so that water is removed from the bottom of the screened interval. Low -yield wells
will be evacuated to dryness. Within 24 hours of purging, the first sample will be field tested for
pH, temperature, turbidity, and specific conductance. Samples will then be collected and
containerized in the order of the parameters' volatilization sensitivity (i.e., volatile organics then
total metals).
A high -yield well (one that is capable of yielding more than three well volumes during purging)
will be purged so that water is drawn down from the uppermost part of the water column to ensure
that fresh water from the formation will move upward in the screen. At no time will a well be
evacuated to dryness if the recharge rate causes the formation water to vigorously cascade down
the sides of the screen, which could cause an accelerated loss of volatiles.
A minimum of three well volumes will be evacuated from high -yield wells prior to sampling. A
well volume is defined as the water contained within the well casing and pore spaces of the
surrounding filter pack. The well volume will be calculated using the following formulas:
where:
VC _ (d,2/4) x3.14 x hw x (7.48 gallons/cubic foot)
Vc (gallons) = 0.163 x hw (for a 2-inch well)
V, = volume in the well casing in gallons
dr = casing diameter in feet (dc = 0.167 for a 2-inch well)
hw = height of the water column in feet (i.e., well depth minus depth to water)
Each well will be evacuated (purged) and sampled with a disposable bailer or a sampling pump.
The bailer or pump will be lowered gently into the well to minimize the possibility of causing
degassing of the water. If sampled with a pump, flow rates will be regulated to minimize turbidity
and degassing of the water.
All equipment used for sampling will be handled in such a manner to ensure that the equipment
remains decontaminated prior to use. In between wells and following completion of the field
sampling, water level meters, sampling pumps, or any other reusable sampling equipment will be
properly decontaminated. Clean disposable gloves will be worn by sampling personnel and
changed between wells.
The upgradient/background well will be sampled first, followed by the downgradient wells. The
order of sampling of the downgradient wells will be evaluated each sampling event to provide a
sequence going from less contaminated to more contaminated, if applicable, based on the previous
sampling event.
Field measurements of temperature, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance will be made before
sample collection. The direct reading equipment used at each well will be calibrated according to
the manufacturer's specifications prior to each sampling event and the calibrations shall be
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
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documented in the field logs. Groundwater samples will be collected and containerized in the
order of the volatilization sensitivity (i.e., VOCs first, followed by the metals).
Pre -preserved sample containers will be supplied by the laboratory. The VOC vials will be filled
in such a manner that no headspace remains after filling. Immediately upon collection, all samples
will be placed in coolers on ice where they will be stored prior to/and during transit to the
laboratory.
In between wells and following completion of the field sampling, the electronic depth meter will
be decontaminated using the following procedure.
1) Phosphate -free soap and distilled water wash;
2) Distilled water rinse;
3) Air dry.
Samples collected will be properly containerized, packed into pre -cooled coolers, and either hand -
delivered or shipped via overnight courier to the laboratory for analysis. The chain -of -custody
program will allow for tracing of possession and handling of samples from the time of field
collection through laboratory analysis. The chain -of -custody program will include sample labels
and seals, field logs, commercial carrier's parcel bills, chains -of -custody, and laboratory logs.
Example field logs and an example chain of custody are included in Appendix C.
Labels sufficiently durable to remain legible when wet will contain the following information:
Job and sample identification;
Monitoring well number or other location;
Date and time of collection;
Name of collector;
Parameter to be analyzed; and
Preservative, if applicable.
The shipping container will be sealed to ensure that the samples have not been disturbed during
transport to the laboratory. If the sample cannot be analyzed because of damage or disturbance,
whenever possible, the damaged sample will be replaced during the same compliance period.
The field logs will, at a minimum, document the following information:
Identification of the well;
Well depth;
Static water level depth;
Presence of immiscible layers, odors or other indications of potential contamination;
Purge volume (given in gallons or number of bailers);
Time well was purged;
Date and time of sample collection;
Field analysis data and methods;
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
X

Name of collector(s);
Climatic conditions (temperature, precipitation).
The chain -of -custody record is required to establish the documentation necessary to trace sample
possession from time of collection to time of receipt at destination. A chain -of -custody record will
accompany each individual shipment. The record will contain the following information:
Sample destination and transporter;
Sample identification numbers;
Signature of collector;
Date and time of collection;
Sample type(s);
Identification of well(s);
Number of sample containers in shipping container;
Parameters requested for analysis;
Signature of person(s) involved in the chain of possession;
Inclusive dates of possession; and
Internal temperature of shipping container upon opening (noted by the laboratory).
A copy of the completed chain -of -custody will accompany the shipment and will be returned to
the shipper with the analytical results. The chain of custody record will also be used as the analysis
request sheet.
A field/equipment blank will be collected and analyzed during each sampling event to verify that
the sample collection and handling processes have not affected the integrity of the field samples.
The field/equipment blank will be prepared in the field from lab pure water (Type II reagent grade
water) supplied by the laboratory. One field/equipment blank will be prepared for each sampling
event. The field/equipment blank will be generated by exposing the lab pure water to the sampling
environment and sampling equipment/media in the same manner as actual field samples being
collected. The lab will provide appropriate sample containers for generation of the field/equipment
blank(s). The field/equipment blank will be subjected to the same analyses as the groundwater
samples. As with all other samples, the time(s) of the field/equipment blank collection will be
recorded so that the sampling sequence is documented. The field/equipment blank monitors for
contamination from the sampling equipment/media, or from cross -contamination that might occur
between samples and sample containers as they are opened and exposed to the sampling
environment.
Whenever groundwater samples are being collected for volatiles analysis, a trip blank will be
generated by the laboratory prior to shipment of sampling containers and coolers to the field. The
same lab pure water as above shall be used. The trip blank shall be transported with the empty
sampling containers to the field, but will not be opened at any time prior to analysis at the
laboratory. The trip blank will accompany the groundwater samples in the cooler(s) with the
samples collected for VOC analyses back to the laboratory and will be analyzed by the same
volatile methods as the associated field samples. The trip blank monitors for potential cross -
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
10

contamination that might occur between samples or that may be a result of the shipping
environment.
Detectable levels of contaminants found in the field/equipment blanks or trip blanks will not be
used to correct the groundwater data, but will be noted accordingly. Contaminants present in trip
blanks or field/equipment blanks at concentrations within an order of magnitude of those observed
in the corresponding groundwater samples may be cause for resampling.
3.2 Surface Water Sampling Methodology
Surface water samples will be collected from flowing water at the designated sample locations in
conjunction with the semiannual groundwater sampling events. Surface water can be sampled
either by: 1) collecting the sample using a properly -decontaminated graduated dipper and filling
laboratory -prepared sample containers from the dipper; or 2) by dipping laboratory -prepared
sampled containers directly into the stream flow. If using the direct sampling method, great care
should be taken to not overflow containers containing preservatives to prevent loss of preservative.
Use of an unpreserved laboratory container to collect the sample and then carefully dispense it into
the preserved container is acceptable. For unpreserved containers, it is preferable to completely
submerge the closed container, removing the lid underwater, and then replacing the lid when the
container is full before removing it from the water; however, this method is only acceptable if
there is sufficient depth of flowing water. No matter what method is used to collect samples, great
care should be taken to not disturb creek bed sediment during sampling, and to obtain samples
from the least turbid location available. Downstream samples should be collected first and
upstream samples second. Samplers should wear clean, dedicated sampling gloves at all times
while collecting or handling samples. Field parameters, including temperature, pH, and turbidity,
shall be monitored at each sample location using the same sample collection technique used to
collect the laboratory samples, as appropriate. Sampling techniques and protocols describe above
for groundwater, including sample labeling, field log entry, and chain -of -custody procedures, shall
also be followed for surface water samples.
3.3 Sample Analytical Requirements
3.3.1 Analytical Requirements
Analysis of groundwater and surface water samples from the facility will be conducted by a
laboratory certified by the NCDEQ for the required analytical methods (15A NCAC 2H.0800).
Analyses will be performed in accordance with U.S. EPA SW-846 methods. Both groundwater
and surface water samples will be analyzed for the constituents listed in 40 CFR Part 258,
Appendix I. In addition, field analyses for temperature, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance
will be performed for each sample. Samples from wells in Assessment Monitoring will also be
sampled for all 40 CFR Part 258 Appendix II constituents during the first semiannual sampling
event each year and for previously detected Appendix II parameters during the second semiannual
sampling event.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
11

Appendix A includes a table of all Appendix I and Appendix II constituents with their respective
analytical methods, CAS numbers, practical quantitation limits (PQL), 15A NCAC 2L (NC2L)
groundwater standards, and Solid Waste Section groundwater protection standards (GWPS), and
Interim Maximum Allowable Concentrations (IMAC). Appendix B includes a summary of 15A
NCAC 2B (NC-213) Surface Water Standards.
3.3.2 Reporting and Record Keeping
The Semiannual Water Quality Monitoring Report (WQMR) and the laboratory electronic data
deliverable (EDD), will be submitted to the Solid Waste Section electronically within 120 days
from each sampling event. An Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (EMRF) will be
completed and submitted with the report. A copy of the EMRF is included in Appendix E.
The following measurements, analytical data, calculations, and other relevant groundwater
monitoring records will be kept throughout the active life of the facility and the post -closure care
period:
• Records of all groundwater quality data;
• Associated sample collection field logs and measurements, such as static water level
measured in compliance wells at the time of sample collection; and
• Notices and reports of GPS exceedances, reporting or data error, missing data, etc.
3.4 Groundwater Comparison to GPS
Constituents detected in the samples collected from either the compliance network or the sentinel
well shall be compared to the appropriate Groundwater Protection Standard (GPS) for that
constituent in accordance with NCSWMR §.1634.g. The comparison will be performed using a
value -to -value procedure. If a suspect GPS exceedance is noted during the value -to -value
comparison, a confirmation sample may be collected. The results from a confirmation sample will
be compared to the GPS in a value -to -value comparison, or the value may be statistically compared
to background. If a new exceedance is noted and confirmed, the exceedance will be reported to
the DEQ within 14 days of receiving the analytical results. The exceedance will be reported using
the 14-Day Notification of Groundwater Protection Standard Exceedance Form (included in
Appendix E).
In most cases, the GPS will be equal to the Groundwater Standard established for a given
constituent in 15A NCAC 2L.0202 (NC2L Standards). For constituents without listed NC2L
Standards, the groundwater protection standards (GWPS) established by the NCDEQ Solid Waste
Section and/or the Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration (IMAC) may be used. In
accordance with 15A NCAC 2L.202, if the practical quantitation limit (PQL) is higher than the
listed standard, the standard is the quantitation limit; therefore, estimated concertation below the
PQL are not considered GPS exceedances even if the estimated value is greater than the listed
GPS. In the event that a site -specific statistical background value can be established for a given
constituent which is higher that the NC2L standard, GWPS, or other appropriate listed standard,
the background may be used as the GPS with NCDEQ approval. The current list of Appendix II
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
12

and II constituents, C&D parameters, and other required analytes with their respective standards
are included in Appendix A.
3.5 Statistical Analyses
With the April 2011 revision to the NCSWMR, routine statistical comparison to background for
all detected constituents is no longer required; however, statistical analyses may be used to
establish an alternate GPS for constituents with the approval of the NCDEQ if desired by the
facility. The following guidelines will be used to determine statistical background values.
The background data are to be evaluated through the use of Parametric Prediction Limits,
Parametric Tolerance Intervals, Non -Parametric Prediction Limits, or Poisson Prediction Limits
as appropriate. Tests for normality, outliers, Aitchison's adjustment, tolerance intervals, or
prediction limits are to be included as appropriate based on the background data.
The statistical test by which downgradient data are compared to facility background data is based
upon the nature of the data and the number of data values that are less than the laboratory limit of
detection. All statistical tests are evaluated at the 0.05 level of significance, 95% confidence level,
and are conducted as one -tailed tests. These methods and the criteria for their use are discussed
below.
3.5.1 Treatment of Censored Data
Generally, background data are censored as follows. When less than or equal to 15% of the
background data values are less than the applicable reporting limit (PQL), any data reported less
than the PQL will be treated as one-half the PQL.
3.5.2 Assumption of Normality
Prior to conducting statistical tests that are based on the assumption of normally distributed data,
normality of the background data is evaluated using the Shapiro -Wilk statistic (W). Normality is
assessed at the 95% confidence level. In the event that the raw data fail to follow a normal
distribution, the data are transformed using a base-10 logarithm. The transformed data are then
tested for normality using the Shapiro -Wilk statistic. In the event that the log -transformed data
also fail to follow a normal distribution, a non -parametric approach is applied.
3.5.3 Parametric Upper Tolerance Limit
In some cases the background data consist of a minimum of eight independent data values and less
than or equal to 15% of the background data values are less than the PQL for a given analyte. The
downgradient values are then compared to the parametric upper tolerance limit in accordance with
the procedure summarized in the USEPA guidance documents, Statistical Analysis of
Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Unified Guidance (US -EPA, 2009).
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
13

3.5.4 Aitchison's Adjusted Parametric Upper Prediction Limit
In those cases where the background data consist of a minimum of eight independent data values
and more than 15%, but less than or equal to 50%, of the background data values are less than the
PQL for a given analyte, the mean and standard deviation are adjusted. This is done in accordance
with the procedure described by Aitchison and summarized in the USEPA guidance document
(US -EPA, 2009). After the adjustments are made, the downgradient values are compared to the
Aitchison's adjusted parametric upper prediction limit in accordance with the procedures
summarized in the USEPA guidance document (US -EPA, 2009).
3.5.5 Non -parametric Upper Tolerance Limit
In those cases where more than 50%, but less than or equal to 90%, of the background data values
are less than the PQL for a given analyte or the background data fail to follow a normal or log-
normal distribution, downgradient values are compared to the non -parametric upper tolerance
limit. This procedure is done in accordance with the procedures summarized in the USEPA
guidance document (US -EPA, 2009).
3.5.6 Poisson Upper Prediction Limit
In those cases where more than 90% of the background data values are less than the PQL for a
given analyte, the downgradient values are compared to the Poisson upper prediction limit. These
comparisons are made in accordance with the procedure summarized in the USEPA guidance
document (US -EPA, 2009).
3.6 Surface Water Comparison to Standards
Surface water at the facility is currently monitored semiannually in conjunction with the
groundwater sampling events. Samples are collected from four surface water monitoring points,
SW-1, SW-2, SW-3, and SW-4. Surface water samples will be collected and analyzed for the
NCSWMR Appendix I list of constituents during both semiannual monitoring events. The results
will be compared to 15A NCAC 213 (NC2B) Surface Water Standards in a value -to -value
comparison. Some of the NC213 standards for metals are hardness -based, so the standards can be
adjusted based on the hardness of the surface water samples. If no hardness data are available, the
standards based on a presumed hardness of 25 mg/1 will be used. If no NC213 value is established
for a detected constituent, the results will be compare to the North Carolina Division of Water
Resources Surface Water Quality Standards Protective Values (PVs). If no NC213 standard or PV
are listed, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Nationally Recommended Water Quality
Criteria for Aquatic Life & Human Health values will be used. The most recent version of the
NC213 surface water standards table dated September 2017 is included in Appendix B.
4.0 ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY MONITOR RELEASES
Based on the hydrogeologic data available for the Oxford Landfill, no geological or hydrological
conditions have been identified which will interfere with effective monitoring of groundwater
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
14

beneath the facility. The existing monitoring network is considered adequate to monitor this
facility. This Water Quality Monitoring Plan will be effective in providing detection of any release
of landfill constituents to the uppermost aquifer beneath the facility as well as monitoring of
existing releases, so as to be protective of public health and the environment.
5.0 REFERENCES
The references cited herein were used to prepare this document and may or may not be cited in
the text of this report.
Butler, J. Robert, and Secor, Jr., Donald T., 1991, The Central Piedmont, in Horton, J. W., Jr., and
Zullo, V. A., eds., The Geology of the Carolinas: The University of Tennessee Press, p.
59-78.
Joyce Engineering, Inc. (JOYCE), 2005a. Nature and Extent Study, Granville County Oxford
Landfill. May 2005.
JOYCE, 2005b. Assessment of Corrective Measures, Granville County Oxford Landfill. May
2005.
JOYCE, 2005c. Quantitative Risk Assessment, Granville County Oxford Landfill. May 2005.
JOYCE, 2009. Corrective Action Plan, Granville County Oxford Landfill. March 2009.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDEQ), 2011. North
Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules. 15 NCAC 13B. Amended April 2011.
NCDEQ, 2007. North Carolina Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Corrective Action at Solid
Waste Management Facilities. March 2007.
NCDEQ, 2008. Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water
Sampling. April2008.
North Carolina Geological Survey, 1985, Geologic Map of North Carolina: North Carolina
Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, scale 1:500000.
US -EPA, 2009. Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities, Unified
Guidance. March 2009.
Woodward -Clyde Consultants, 1994. Transition Plan, Oxford Landfill Granville County, North
Carolina. April 1994.
Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01
Joyce Engineering
March 2019
15

6.0 ACRONYMS
ACM Assessment of Corrective Measures (report)
AOC Area of Concern
C&D Construction and Demolition Waste
CAP Corrective Action Plan (report)
CAER Corrective Action Evaluation Report (report)
CDLF Construction and Demolition Debris Landfill
COC Contaminant of Concern or Constituent of Concern
COC Chain of Custody (for samples to laboratory)
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources (now the NCDEQ)
DEQ See NCDEQ.
DL Detection Limit (for laboratory data)
DO Dissolved Oxygen
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
GPS Groundwater Protection Standard (per §.1604.g-h of the NCSWMR)
GWPS Groundwater Protection Standard (issued by the SWS)
IMAC Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration
JOYCE Joyce Engineering (a division of LaBella Associates)
LFG Landfill Gas
LEL Lower Explosive Limit
MNA Monitored Natural Attenuation
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
MW Monitoring Well
NC-2B North Carolina Surface Water Standards found in 15A NCAC 2B.0101
NC2L North Carolina Groundwater Standards found in 15A NCAC 2L.0202
NCAC North Carolina Administrative Code
NCDEQ North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (formerly DENR)
NCSWMR North Carolina Solid Waste Management Regulations (15A NCAC 13B.1600)
ND Not Detected (for laboratory data)
NES Nature and Extent Study (report)
O&M Operations and Maintenance
OSHA Occupational Health and Safety Association
PQL Practical Quantitation Limit (for laboratory data)
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride
QL Quantitation Limit (for laboratory data)
QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment (report)
RL Reporting Limit (for laboratory data)
SWQS Surface Water Quality Standards
SWS NCDEQ Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
SWSL North Carolina Solid Waste Section Reporting Limits (for laboratory data)
VOC Volatile Organic Compound
WQMP Water Quality Monitoring Plan (report)
Water Quality Monitoring Plan Joyce Engineering
Oxford Landfill, Permit No. 39-01 March 2019
16

TABLES

TABLE 1: Monitoring Well Construction Data
Well ID
Date Installed
Northing
Fasting
GS Elev.
(Ft-AMSL)
TOC Elev.
(Ft-AMSL)
AR
(Bedrock)
(Feet BGS)
TD (Boring)
(Feet BGS)
TD (Well)
(Feet TOC)
TOC
Stick-up
(Feet AGS)
Top
Screen
(Feet BGS)
Top
Screen
(Feet TOC)
Bottom
Screen
(Feet BGS)
Bottom
Screen
(Feet TOC)
Screened
Lithology
DTW
(Feet TOC)
Comments
MW-IA
---
952141.6930
2110755.3908
535.18
538.18
> 22
22.00
25.00
3*
7.00
10.00
22.00
25.00
Saprolite
20.02
Former Unit 1 Background Well,
No longer Sampled,
Stick-up Estimated
MW-2
---
953940.0174
2110351.7384
517.00
518.62
21.00
27.50
29.12
1.62
12.50
14.12
27.50
29.12
Sap/BR
10.66
Unit 1 Compliance
MW-311
08/25/99
954025.5824
2111681.3905
501.32*
503.82
25.00
25.00
32.97
2.5*
14.00
21.97
24.00
31.97
Saprolite
20.24
Unit 1 Compliance
NM-4
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
22.00
---
7.00
---
22.00
---
Bedrock
---
Not Sampled
MW-4R
08/26/99
954975.1334
2110797.9991
504.90
507.34
17.50
60.00
62.44
2.44
50.00
52.44
60.00
62.44
Bedrock
10.28
Unit 1 Compliance
MW-5
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
27.50
---
12.50
---
27.50
---
Sap/BR
---
Not Sampled
MW-5R
08/25/99
954947.2480
2111685.6720
487.24
489.95
22.00
37.00
39.71
2.71
27.00
29.71
37.00
39.71
Bedrock
21.96
Unit 1 Compliance
MW-6R
08/25/99
954725.8325
2110287.6108
504.42
506.81
13.00
40.00
42.39
2.39
30.00
32.39
40.00
42.39
Bedrock
9.25
Unit 1 Compliance
NES-IS
05/01/04
955167.9708
2111057.1915
514.35
516.93
27.00
34.00
36.58
2.58
18.50
21.08
33.50
36.08
Sap/BR
29.90
Not Sampled
NES-1])
05/01/04
955177.3548
2111054.7005
514.38
516.62
27.00
79.00
81.24
2.24
63.50
65.74
78.50
80.74
Bedrock
30.03
Abanonded
NES-2S
05/01/04
955091.2902
2111945.3411
474.53
477.20
9.00
21.50
24.17
2.67
11.00
13.67
21.00
23.67
Saprolite
9.14
Unit 1 Perfomance &
Unit 2 Compliance
NES-2])
05/01/04
955081.7805
2111946.7398
474.72
477.43
21.50
66.50
69.21
2.71
51.00
53.71
66.00
68.71
Bedrock
5.00
Unit 1 Sentinel
MW-7 (former P-2)
07/28/08
953292.1160
2112043.4480
531.24
534.24
34.50
34.50
37.50
3.00
19.50
22.50
34.50
37.50
Saprolite
23.91
Units 1 & 2 Background Well
MW-8
05/05/12
07/18/12
953360.2000
2111527.6910
500.57
503.31
1.00
25.00
20.00
2.74
10.00
12.74
20.00
22.74
Bedrock
Artesian
Unit 2 Compliance
Leachate Tank Area
MW-9 (former P-9)
10/06/08
954799.7410
2112842.3890
485.05
487.51
1.50
40.00
43.00
2.46
20.00
22.46
40.00
42.46
Bedrock
8.30
Unit 2 Compliance
MW-10 (former P-10)
10/02/08
955136.0000
2112571.1750
481.81
484.92
6.00
30.00
32.90
3.11
15.00
18.11
30.00
33.11
Bedrock
8.15
Unit 2 Compliance
MW-11 (former P-13)
10/05/08
954795.8510
2111957.0410
476.43
478.72
6.00
20.00
22.90
2.30
5.00
7.30
20.00
22.30
Bedrock
6.80
Unit 2 Compliance
MW-12 (former P-21)
08/01/08
954077.4350
2112567.4920
519.29
521.30
31.00
50.00
52.30
2.00
40.00
42.00
50.00
52.00
Bedrock
30.75
Not Sampled
NOTES: AR = Auger Refusal (Estimate of depth to bedrock).
TD = Total Depth (of boring or well/piezometer).
TOC = Top of Casing (or deoth measured from TOC).
DTW = Depth to Water (as measured on 11/20/08).
GS = Ground Surface. * = estimated TOC Stickup, or estimated GS Elev.
BGS = Below ground surface. MW-3R survey data are after MW-3R was raised and resurveyed in 2012.
AGS = Above ground surface. MW-3R depths relative to TOC have been adjusted to the new TOC,
AMSL = Above mean sea level. but depths BGS have not been adjusted.
Granville County, Oxford Landfill
Permit # 39-01 Joyce Engineering

TABLE 2: Historical Groundwater Elevations
Background
Unit
1 Downgradient
Unit 1 Performance/Sentinel
Unit
2 Downgradient
Well ID:
MW-lA
MW-7
MW-2
MW-3R
MW-4R
MW-5R
MW-6R
NES-lS
NES-11)
NES-2S
NES-21)
MW-8
MW-9
MW-10
MW-11
NES-2S
Well TOC Elev.:
538.18
534.24
518.62
503.82
507.34
489.95
506.81
516.93
516.62
477.20
477.43
503.31
487.51
484.92
478.72
477.20
Well Total Depth:
28.77
34.50
29.34
31.63
63.22
40.25
42.90
36.10
57.75
24.20
69.20
28.00
43.00
32.90
22.90
24.20
10-Sep-99
517.91
-
507.76
481.40
493.62
467.65
496.53
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16-Nov-99
522.86
-
506.32
483.55
494.83
468.75
498.24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10-May-00
527.66
-
507.89
487.20
499.63
470.65
500.59
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26-Oct-00
518.89
-
504.12
480.86
495.21
467.39
496.95
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18-Apr-01
526.23
-
508.01
486.62
498.50
470.79
500.21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27-Oct-01
514.65
-
501.42
478.79
494.79
466.70
494.92
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10-Jun-02
515.06
-
502.91
480.10
495.19
467.06
496.26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19-Nov-02
518.61
-
512.08
489.84
498.82
471.80
498.70
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27-Jun-03
529.42
-
508.76
488.69
500.79
471.72
501.38
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29-Dec-03
528.91
-
509.06
488.06
499.94
471.10
501.21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29-Jun-04
520.03
-
505.24
481.10
497.84
467.72
499.21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
28-Dec-04
526.73
-
509.09
485.27
499.14
469.51
500.76
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29-Jun-05
520.37
-
504.64
481.10
497.60
467.63
499.15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29-Dec-05
519.54
-
509.66
482.69
498.33
468.57
499.25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27-Jun-06
517.93
-
507.85
481.85
497.64
468.00
498.63
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27-Dec-06
523.00
-
511.07
489.81
499.43
471.76
500.83
493.70
-
469.82
-
-
-
-
-
-
12-Jul-07
516.94
-
502.49
479.84
497.17
467.18
497.59
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18-Dec-07
510.35
-
501.46
477.54
495.40
464.09
493.14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7-Jul-08
515.96
-
501.99
479.52
497.04
466.79
496.71
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16-Dec-08
532.53
-
509.80
487.98
498.08
470.11
499.29
489.19
488.63
469.47
472.71
-
-
-
-
-
7-Jul-09
518.28
-
505.37
481.57
497.43
467.88
499.36
490.38
490.07
467.73
470.91
-
-
-
-
-
14-Dec-09
533.10
-
511.89
491.93
500.61
473.65
501.48
494.70
493.21
470.98
467.14
-
-
-
-
-
22-Jun-10
518.45
-
506.72
485.92
499.94
469.67
499.68
493.47
493.07
468.97
471.53
-
-
-
-
-
13-Dec-10
509.41
-
507.89
482.82
498.20
467.87
496.65
488.89
-
468.03
-
-
-
-
-
-
20-Jun-11
515.17
513.91
504.60
482.72
499.96
467.76
498.63
492.11
491.51
468.03
474.35
-
-
-
-
-
5-Dec-11
513.35
507.92
507.44
484.94
498.29
468.45
497.17
488.15
487.45
468.25
464.93
-
-
-
-
-
13-Jun-12
514.08
513.48
507.48
485.36
499.29
468.04
498.85
487.08
490.33
468.81
467.64
503.31
479.7
477.42
473.20
468.81
22-Aug-12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
500.82
477.97
475.31
471.50
469.36
25-Sep-12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
499.85
478.1
475.06
471.86
469.30
17-Oct-12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
499.90
478
474.23
471.04
467.98
12-Dec-12
511.34
506.86
503.10
481.55
497.24
466.90
494.83
486.84
486.26
467.26
461.41
-
-
-
-
-
29-Apr-13
515.88
513.26
509.38
485.47
500.82
469.60
501.15
492.31
491.64
470.45
455.26
-
-
-
-
-
5-Aug-13
517.21
514.33
505.98
484.47
500.29
468.65
500.83
494.12
-
469.29
-
499.92
478.81
475.32
472.80
469.29
25-Feb-14
514.06
511.75
509.82
486.32
501.50
473.05
501.99
491.83
491.54
470.28
461.18
499.91
480.34
476.26
473.47
470.28
12-Aug-14
519.34
511.98
507.52
485.44
499.25
468.90
499.30
491.92
491.41
470.29
460.31
500.16
479.91
476.54
473.42
470.29
11-Mar-15
524.32
516.39
510.37
487.12
502.94
474.18
504.41
500.98
500.12
470.63
473.63
499.99
479.73
476.47
473.66
470.63
18-Aug-15
516.53
512.39
503.47
482.97
500.94
466.45
498.81
492.38
-
469.25
449.71
499.86
478.41
474.92
472.17
469.25
16-Feb-16
526.03
515.79
510.07
486.93
501.84
475.45
503.66
500.23
-
471.15
469.18
499.90
481.44
476.37
474.12
471.15
10-Aug-16
520.07
514.29
507.08
484.07
500.34
468.20
500.89
491.95
-
470.40
453.23
499.82
478.86
475.51
472.91
470.40
14-Feb-17
524.14
510.89
507.72
484.44
500.34
468.86
501.06
491.73
-
468.85
453.13
496.36
479.36
475.97
472.77
468.85
23-Aug-17
523.08
508.84
506.59
482.82
497.02
467.19
498.16
491.68
-
469.80
452.94
499.61
477.86
474.74
472.02
469.80
Notes:
TOC = top of casing.
Water levels are measured from TOC.
All elevations are in feet above mean sea level (ft-amsl).
- = data not available.
MW-7 added to monitoring network in early 2011.
Prior to December 2012, the TOC elevation for MW-3R was 498.35 ft-amsl.
Granville County, Oxford Landfill
Permit # 39-01
Joyce Engineering

TABLE 3: Groundwater Velocity Calculations
Date of Water Table Measurements:
August 23, 2017
SEGMENT
HORIZ.
HYDRAULIC
EFFECTIVE
LINEAR
FLOW LINE
SEGMENT
SEGMENT
LENGTH
(feet)
FLOW
DIRECTION
BEGIN & END
GW ELEVATION
(feet-AMSL)
GRADIENT
i
CONDUCTIVITY
K
(ft/day)
POROSITY
n e
VELOCITY
V
(ft/year)
Z 1
1395
N
505
0.0215
2.54E+00
0.45
44.31
475
Z 2
1591
N
0.0220
2.54E+00
0.45
45.32
475
Z 3
2165
N
0.0185
2.54E+00
0.45
38.06
470
Average
0.0207
Average
42.56
Notes:
Linear flow velocity: V = Kiln e (modified Darcy equation).
Hydraulic conductivity (K) is based on the arithmetic mean of values from slug tests conducted at the facility.
Effective porosity (n e ) value is estimated at 85% of the laboratory -determined porosity for soil samples from the facility (n e = .53 x 85% = .45).
Refer to Drawing 1 for flow line segments.
Granville County, Oxford Landfill
Permit # 39-01 Joyce Engineering

FIGURE

• _..N6y9Yg0k.
P
a
T2
9
NUADRANGLES
TEU.S. .S. 5 MI T TOPO RAPHIC ti'� �`��FOR SATTERWHITE, STOVALL,�a
�BEREA AND OXFORD, NORTH CAROLINA. ; S�
OXFORD LANDFILL Vr� DESIGNED RWH PROJECT NO.
GRANVILLE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA AJLI i `L DRACHECKED ce SCALE 660
EM31"EERIIV1:3 APPROVED GVB
SITE LOCATION MAP DATE 10/15/15 1" = 2000' DRAWING NO.
2211 W. MEADOWVIEW ROAD
GREENSBORO, NC 27407 0 2018 Joyce Engineering, Inc. 1
PHONE: [phone] All dgh. reserved. NC CORP LIC: C-0782
L\GranAI.\dwg\0zfa d\, 2014 site Location Mw.dwg

DRAWING

J(
S- \ \ \ �S p p
W-4
480� �480
\
I I I I NES-1 D (ABANDONED) \ \ / I I I I I / / ^ \ \ , \ 1 --7
\ 1Wt \ \ \-�490
5N \ o AREA SURVEYED WITHIN \
ES 1S / C J� I >� I THIS BOUNDARY CONSISTS -4g0
J \ \ 1 I \ \ 'z 491,18 .. .. �� ' i / I \ e469.80
I 474.74 \
/ ES-2SI OF GROUND SURVEY DATED MARCH 2O13
\ - - h� S-2D 480 \ \
\ I l 4 .13 480- - /
FA
, ACCESS ROAD467.19
-� ,&o ` • /
�� • ■ ■ ■ / /497.02 MIN-.�R \ % �
oc
APPROXIMATE MSW LANDFILL \ '
�I LIMITS OF WASTE V A
P-5 I I
\ MW-9
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I 1 I I I \
30
510\ \ I
� I \ MW
■ - �` \
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\,
-- APPROXIMATE MSiI`J LANDFILL
LIMITS OF WASTE
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- 51 / I 1
_�■� 100000
-�. v I
1 ■ AREA SURVEYED WITHIN \ � � / h-
r THIS BOUNDARY CONSISTS
OF GROUND SURVEY DATED JUNE 2013 ""\Iloo//"
LEGEND
P8
/ - � MW-12 �
P-21
MW-3R i ` \ Z3 EXISTING 10' TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOUR
482.82 / \
/ EXISTING 2' TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOUR
I I I
►� I /' / / '�\ \ - MW EXISTING ROAD
• Mvv-2 I n 1 I \ / I II - / /� Q
O \ \ I 9v^
N 490 GROUNDWATER SURFACE CONTOUR
I 506.59 \ � / � � � i � /
��D ■ P J \� �� \ �j/ ��\� ,���o _ /�\ I [FEET ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL 8/23/17 (AMSL)]
GROUNDWATER FLOW DIRECTION
O\-r
1 • O '7� �� -530�! - I / MW-X \ GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL LOCATION
ON-0-
' AND IDENTIFICATION
I � �I o
/ �/ ( `• O�`>1 ` II / O SURFACE MONITORING POINT LOCATION AND
IDENTIFICATION
j SEGMENT USED FOR GRADIENT CALCULATION
!� • Oy I P-1-
\ 1
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, '
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�\ I li J ��53 \ FLOW PATH LENGTH
00 1,395 LF
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1 OO SW-1 is`I I \ \ 1,591 LF
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/ � • � oly \ ON
2,165 LF
I ♦ �/ f SEDIMENT � • � Oy
RELEVANT POINT OF C MPLIAN E BASIN SB-1 • /�� yI I l
(250' FROM WASTE)
/ I — NOTES
-10 ON
/ V I � py I I 1. TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOUR INTERVAL = 2 FEET
L
REVI BOUND RY I S 2. GROUNDWATER CONTOUR INTERVAL = 10 FEET
(12 FROM WASTE)
\ / % 499.61' I \ \ \ / I 3. GROUNDWATER CONTOURS BASED ON LINEAR
\ro 508.84 INTERPOLATION BETWEEN AND EXTRAPOLATION
FROM KNOWN DATA, TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOURS,
ON AND KNOWN FIELD CONDITIONS. THEREFORE,
GROUNDWATER CONTOURS MAY NOT REFLECT
GRAPHIC SCALE ACTUAL GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS.
/ \ 500-� i I 1 S70 0 py -.0� 100 200
\ \ \
4. STATIC WATER LEVELS MEASURED ON 08/23/17.
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APPENDIX A
Appendix I and Appendix II Constituents
with NC2L Standards and GWPS

NC Appendix I and Appnedix II Groundwater Constituents
NC App. I & II - Total Metals
NC App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/l)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1)
NOTES
PQL
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
App. I
Antimony
5
3.87
-
App. I
Arsenic
10
5
10
(RCRA METAL
App. I
Barium
5
2.5
700
(RCRA METAL)
App.I
Beryllium
1
0.5
-
4
4
App. I
Cadmium
1
0.5
2
(RCRA METAL)
App. I
Chromium
5
2.5
10
RCRA METAL
App.I
Cobalt
5
2.5
-
1
1
App. I
Copper
5
2.5
1,000
EPA MCL is a secondary standard.
App. I
Lead
5
2.5
15
EPA MCL is an action level. (RCRA METAL)
App. I
Nickel
5
2.5
100
App. I
Selenium
10
5
20
(RCRA METAL)
App. I
Silver
5
2.5
20
EPA MCL is a secondary standard. (RCRA METAL).
App. I
Thallium
10
5
0.2
0.28
App. I
Vanadium
5
2.5
-
0.3
0.3
App. I
Zinc
10
5
1,000
-
-
EPA MCL is a secondary standard. (AL) = NC213 Action Level
App. II
Mercury
0.2
0.1
1
(RCRA METAL)
App. II
Tin
5
2.5
2,000
2,000
NC App. II - Cyanide/ Sulfide
NC App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/l)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1)
NOTES
PQL
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
App. II
Cyanide
0.008
1
0.004
App. 11
Sulfide
0.1
0.1
NC - Additional Constituents for C&D Landfills
NC App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/1)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/I)
NOTES
PQL
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
C&D
Alkalinity
-
C&D
Chloride
250,000
C&D
Iron
300
C&D
Manganese
50
C&D
Mercury
I
(RCRA Metal)
C&D
Sulfate
250,000
C&D
Total Dissolved Solids TDS
500,000
C&D
Tetrahydrofuran (THE)
-
Per NCDEQ Memo dated June 25, 2010.
C&D
pH
C&D
Temperature
C&D
Specific Conductance
NC App. I & II - Method 8260
NC App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/l)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1)
NOTES
PQL
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
App.I
Acetone
25
10
6,000
App.I
Acrylonitrile
10
1.88
-
App. I
Benzene
1
0.25
1
-
App. I
Bromochloromethane
1
0.17
-
0.6
Ann. I
Bromodichloromethane
1
0.18
0.6
-
*MCL for total trihalomethanes
App. I
Bromoform
1
0.26
4
*MCL for total trihalomethanes
App. I
Carbon disulfide
2
1.15
700
App. I
Carbon tetrachloride
1
0.25
0.3
App. I
Chlorobenzene
1
0.23
50
App. I
Chloroethane
1
0.54
3,000
App. I
Chloroform
1
0.14
70
*MCL for total trihalomethanes
App. I
Dibromochloromethane
1
0.21
0.4
0.41
*MCL for total trihalomethanes
Ann. I
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloro ro ane (DBCP)
2
2
0.04
App. I
1,2-Dibromoethane (ED13)
1
0.27
0.02
-
App. I
o-Dichlorobenzene/ 1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1
0.3
20
-
-
App.I
p-Dichlorobenzene/ 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1
0.33
6
App. I
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
1
1
-
App.I
1,1-Dichloroethane
1
0.32
6
App.I
1,2-Dichloroethane
1
0.24
0.4
App. I
1,1-Dichloroethylene
1
0.56
350
Changed from 7 (MCL) to 350 µg/L in April 2013 (for public water
supplies or drinking wells, the MCL - 7 µg/L still applies.)
App. I
cis- 1,2-Dichloroeth lene
1
0.19
70
App. I
trans- l,2-Dichloroeth lene
1
0.49
100
App.I
1,2-Dichloropropane
1
0.27
0.6
App.I
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
1
0.13
0.4
App. I
trans- l,3-Dichloro ro ene
1
0.26
0.4
App. I
Eth lbenzene
1
0.3
600
App. I
2-Hexanone / Methyl butyl ketone (MBK)
5
0.46
-
40
280
App. I
Methyl bromide / Bromomethane
2
0.29
-
10
10
App. I
Methyl chloride / Chloromethane
1
0.11
3
-
-
App. I
Methylene bromide / Dibromomethane
1
0.21
-
70
70
App. I
Methylene chloride / Dichloromethane
1
0.97
5
App. I
Methyl ethyl ketone / 2-Butanone (MEK)
5
0.96
4,000
App. I
Methyl iodide / Iodomethane
5
0.32
-
-
-
App. I
4-Meth 1-2- entanone / Methyl isobutyl ketone
5
0.33
-
100
560
App.I
Styrene
1
0.26
70
-
-
App. I
1, 1, 1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1
0.33
-
1
1
App. 1
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1
0.4
0.2
-
0.18
App. I
Tetrachloroeth lene (PCE)
1
0.46
0.7
App.I
Toluene
1
0.26
600
App.I
1, 1, 1 -Trichloroethane
1
0.48
200
-
-
App.I
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1
0.29
-
0.6
0.6
App. I
Trichloroeth lene
1
0.47
3
-
-
App. I
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
1
0.2
2,000
App.I
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
1
0.41
0.005
-
-
Ann. I
Vinyl acetate
2
0.35
-
88
88
App. I
Vinyl chloride
VinylXylenes
1
0.62
0.03
.03
-
App. I
(total)
1
0.62
-
_
Includes o-xylene, p-xylene, and unspecified xylenes
[dimeth 1 benzenes (CAS RN 1330-20-7].
NC App. H - Method 8260
NC App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/l)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1)
NOTES
PQL
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
App. II
Acetonitrile (methyl cyanide)
50
2.21
-
42
App. 11
Acrolein
10
1.59
4
4
App. II
Allyl chloride (3-chloroprene)
2
1.54
-
-
App. II
Chloroprene
5
0.27
-
App.II
m-Dichlorobenzene/ 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
1
0.24
200
App. 11
Dichlorodifluoromethane
1
0.21
1,000
App. II
1,3-Dichloropropane
1
0.28
-
App. II
2,2-Dichloropropane
1
0.13
App. Il
1,1-Dichloro ro ene
1
0.49
App. II
Isobutyl alcohol / Isobutanol
100
35
App. II
Methacrylonitrile
10
0.93
App. II
Methyl methacrylate
1
1.96
-
25
25
App. 11
Pro ionitrile
20
3.65
-
-
App. II
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1
0.35
70
70
App. II
Naphthalene
1
0.24
6
-
App. II
Hexachlorobutadiene
1
0.71
0.4
0.44
App. Il
Ethyl methacrylate
1
0.2
-
*
1,4-Dioxane
3
Page 1 of 3

NC Appendix I and Appnedix II Groundwater Constituents
NC App. II - Method 8270
App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/1)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (jig/1)NC
NOTES
PQL
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
App. II
Acenaphthene
10
1.6
80
App. II
Acenaphthylene
10
1.48
200
-
-
App. it
Aceto henone
10
1.93
-
700
700
App. H
2-Acetylaminofluorene
20
1.64
-
-
App. II
4-Aminobiphenyl
10
1.69
-
App. Il
Anthracene
10
1.71
2,000
App. 11
Benzo[a]anthracene; Benzanthracene
10
2.11
0.05
App. II
Benzo b fluoranthene
10
2.19
0.05
App. II
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
10
1.99
0.5
App. It
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene
10
2.08
200
App. 11
Benzo[a]pyrene
10
2.21
0.005
App. Il
Benzyl alcohol
20
3.08
700
700
App. II
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
10
1.62
App. II
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
10
1.71
0.031
App. II
Bis(2-chloro-l-meth leth 1)ether
10
1.62
-
-
Bis (2-chloroiso ro 1) ether
A. II
Bis 2-eth ]hex 1 hthalate
6
2.3
3
App. II
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
10
1.49
-
App. II
Butyl benzyl phthalate
10
2.49
1,000
App. II
-Chloroaniline (4-Chloroaniline)
20
2.81
-
App.11
Chlorobenzilate
10
2.22
App. II
p-Chloro-m-cresol (4-chloro-3-methylphenol)
20
2.84
App.Il
2-Chloronaphthalene
10
1.63
-
App. II
2-Chloro henol
10
1.51
0.4
App. Il
4-Chloro hen l phenyl ether
10
1.55
-
App. II
Chrysene
10
2.09
5
App. Il
m-Cresol (3-Methylphenol)
10
1.43
400
-
-
PQL & MDL for m&p Cresol (combined)
App. 11
o-Cresol
10
1.61
-
400
400
App. II
-Cresol 4-Meth 1 henol)
10
1.43
40
PQL & MDL for m&p Cresol (combined)
App.11
Diallate
10
1.61
-
App. II
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
10
2.03
0.005
-
-
App.II
Dibenzofuran
10
1.68
-
28
28
App. 11
Di-n-butyl phthalate
10
1.98
700
-
App. II
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
20
3.86
-
App. II
2,4-Dichlorophenol
50
5.08
0.98
0.98
App. II
2,6-Dichloro henol
10
1.53
-
-
-
App. II
Diethyl phthalate
10
2
6,000
App. II
O,O-Diethyl 0-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate
20
1.68
-
Thionazine / Thionazin
App. II
Dimethoate
10
1.84
App. 11
-(Dimeth lamino)azobenzene
5
1.03
App. I1
7,12-Dimeth lbenz a anthracene
10
2.38
App. II
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
20
3.86
-
App. II
2,4-Dimethylphenol (M-xylenol)
10
1.61
100
App. 11
Dimeth 1 phthalate
10
1.41
-
App. II
m-Dinitrobenzene / 1,3-Dinitrobenzene
20
1.26
App. II
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol (2-methyl 4,6-dinitrolphenol)
20
2.25
4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol
App. II
2,4-Dinitrophenol
50
5.08
App. II
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
10
1.53
0.1
0.1
App. 11
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
10
1.38
-
-
App. II
Di-n-octyl phthalate
10
1.49
100
App. II
Diphenylamine
10
1.45
-
App.II
Disulfoton
10
1.52
0.3
App. II
Ethyl methanesulfonate
20
1.57
App. II
Famphur
10
5.66
-
App. II
Fluoranthene
10
2.22
300
Ap .II
Fluorene
10
1.56
300
NC App. II - Method 8270
NC App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/1)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µg/1)
NOTES
PQL
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
App. 11
Hexachlorobenzene
10
1.66
0.02
App. II
Hexachlorocylopentadiene
10
1.34
-
50
App. I1
Hexachloroethane
10
1.84
2.5
App. Il
Hexachloro ro ene
10
1.17
-
-
App.II
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
10
2.05
0.05
App. II
Isodrin
20
2.5
App.Il
Isophorone
10
1.5
40
App. 11
Isosafrole
10
1.48
-
App. Il
Ke one
10
4.47
App.Il
Methapyrilene
50
3.03
App.I1
3-Methylcholanthrene
10
2.68
App. Il
Methyl methanesulfonate
5
1.09
-
App. Il
2-Meth lna hthalene
10
1.42
30
App. II
Methyl parathion
10
1.6
-
App. II
1,4-Naphthoquinone
5
0.99
App. II
1-Na hth lamine
5
1.32
App. II
2-Na hth lamine
5
2.18
App. II
o-Nitroaniline (2-Nitroaniline)
50
2.26
-
-
-
App. II
m-Nitroaniline (3-Nitroaniline)
50
2.66
App. II
-Nitroaniline (4-Nitroaniline)
20
3.37
App. 11
Nitrobenzene
10
1.61
App. II
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
10
1.89
App. II
o-Nitrophenol (2-Nitrophenol)
10
1.65
App. I[
-Nitro henol (4-Nitrophenol)
50
4.26
App. If
N-Nitrosodieth lamine
20
1.35
App.Il
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
10
1.59
0.0007
App. II
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
10
1.57
App. 11
N-Nitrosodi hen lamine
10
1.71
App. 11
N-Nitrosodipropylamine
10
1.45
App. II
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
10
1.37
App. II
N-Nitrosopiperidine
20
1.68
App. It
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
10
1.67
App. If
Parathion
10
1.54
App.Il
Pentachlorobenzene
10
1.46
App.I1
Pentachloronitrobenzene
20
1.66
App. ❑
Phenacetin
20
1.91
App. 11
Phenanthrene
10
1.59
200
App.Il
Phenol
10
1.29
30
App.Il
p-Phenylenediamine
10
2.24
-
App.11
Phorate
10
1.72
1
App. If
Pronamide
10
1.98
App. II
Pyrene
10
2.2
200
App. II
Safmle
10
1.3
-
-
-
App.II
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
10
1.3
-
2
2
App. 11
2,3,4,6-Tetrachloro henol
10
2.92
200
-
-
App. II
o-Toluidine
10
1.69
-
-
-
App. II
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
10
1.5
63
63
App. II
2,4,6-Trichloro henol
10
1.44
4
4
App. II
O,O,O-Trieth 1 phosphorothioate
10
1.7
-
-
App. II
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
10
1.18
-
-
App. Il
Hexachlorobutadiene
1
0.71
0.4
0.44
App. II
Ethyl methacrylate
1
1.96
-
-
A . Il
Naphthalene
1
0.24
6
App.Il
Pentachlorophenol
25
3.52
0.3
"
1,4-Dioxane
3
Page 2 of 3

NC Appendix I and Appnedix II Groundwater Constituents
NC App. II - Pesticides Method 8081
NC App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/1)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µgA)
NOTES
P L
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
App. II
Aldrin
0.05
0.05
0.002
0.002
App. II
alpha-BHC
0.05
0.05
-
0.006
App. II
beta-BHC
0.05
0.05
0.019
App. 11
delta-BHC
0.019
App. II
gamma-BHC (Lindane)
0.05
0.05
0.03
-
App. II
Chlordane
0.2
0.2
0.1
chlordane (CAS RN 5103-74-2), gamma -chlordane (CAS RN 566-
34-7), and constituents of chlordane (CAS RN 57-74-9 and 12672-29
App. 11
4,4'-DDD
0.05
0.05
0.1
-
App. II
4,4'-DDE
0.05
0.05
-
0.1
Listed as "DDE" in IMAC table
App. II
4-4'-DDT
0.05
0.05
0.1
-
App.II
Dieldrin
0.05
0.05
0.002
App. II
Endosulfan 1
0.05
0.05
40
App. II
Endosulfan II
0.05
0.05
42
-
App. I1
Endosulfan sulfate
0.05
0.05
-
40
40
App. 11
Endrin
0.05
0.05
2
-
-
App. II
Endrin aldehyde
0.05
0.05
2
App.I1
Heptachlor
0.05
0.05
0.008
App. I1
Heptachlor epoxide
0.05
0.05
0.004
App. 11
Methox chlor
0.15
0.15
40
App. Il
Toxaphene
0.2
0.2
0.03
Includes congener chemicals contained in technical toxaphene (CAS
RN 8001-35-2) such as chlorinated camphene.
NC App. II - PCB's Method 8082
NC App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µgA)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µgA)
NOTES
P L
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
App. 11
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
0.5
0.5
0.09
0.09
This category contains congener chemicals, including constituents of
Aroclor 1016 (CAS RN 12674-11-2), Aroclor 1221 (CAS RN 11104
28-2), Aroclor 1232 (CAS RN 11141-16-5), Aroclor 1242 (CAS RN
53469-21-9), Aroclor 1248 (CAS RN 12672-29-6), Aroclor 1254
(CAS RN 11097-69-1)).
NC App. H - herbicides 8151
NC App. #
ANALYTE
LAB. LIMITS (µg/1)
GROUNDWATER STANDARDS (µgA)
NOTES
p L
MDL
NC 2L
IMAC
SWS-GWPS
App. II
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
0.9403
0.224
70
App. II
Dinoseb (DNBP); 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
0.1889
0.057
-
7
7
App. II
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
0.1901
0.049
50
-
-
App. II
2,4,5-Trichloro henox acetic acid 2,4,5-T)
0.1895
0.042
63
App. I1
Pentachloro henol
0.0284
0.017
0.3
Notes:
0 Color denotes NC App. I Constituents.
0 Color denotes remaining NC App. II Constituents.
Color denotes C&D Constituents.
0 Color denotes constituents that can be analyzed by more than one method.
PQL = Practical Quantitation Limit.
MDL = Method Detection Limit.
NC2L = Groundwater Standard from 15A NCAC 2L.0202.
IMAC = Interim Maximum Allowable Concentrations.
SWS-GWPS = NCDEQ Solid Waste Section Groundwater Protection Standards.
PQLs & MDLs based on communication from Pace Analytical on 6/07/2018.
CAS RN: Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. Where 'Total' is entered, all species that contain the element are included.
Class: General type of compound.
OP = orthophosphate.
PAH = polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon.
= not available/not applicable
Last update of NC2L and IMACs was April 2013.
* 1,4-Dioxane analysis is required for all landfills effective July 1, 2018, per the NCDEQ Solid Waste Section memorandum dated May 29, 2018.
Page 3 of 3

APPENDIX B
NC 2B Surface Water Standards

NC 2B Surface Water Standards - August 2017
North Carolina 15A NCAC 02B Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters
Freshwater Fresh & Salt Saltwater
Class WS All waters All waters All waters
Class B Class SB Class SA Supplemental Classifications
(I - V) (Class C) (Class C & SC) (Class SC)
Aquatic Life' &
Aquatic Life'
High
Pollutant or
Primary
a
Water
6
Secondary
Fish
;
&Secondary
Primary
6
s
Shellfish
2
Trout
Swamp
5
Quality
Synonyms & Other
Cancer
Reference Source
CAS ry
Recreation
Supply
4
Consumption
4
Recreation
Waters
io
Endpoint
(See supporting info
Parameter
Recreation
Recreation
Waters
Information
(FC & WS)
tab)
All values reported as ug/L unless labeled otherwise.
EPA QCW 1986; EPA
Aldrin
309-00-2
0.00005
0.002
0.00005
0.003
Yes
HHCCM 2002
Ammonia Nitrogen
2000 (E)
Effluent Limit. As NH3-N
NA
NC
Acute:
Acute:
340 (d)
Dissolved metal for aquatic
EPA NRWQC (AL);
Arsenic"
7440-38-2
10 (t)
10 (t)
69 (d) Chronic:
Yes
Chronic:
life, Total metal for HH & WS
EPA NPDWR 2006
36 (d)
150 d
Barium
7440-39-3
1000 (t)
I
I
I
No
I IRIS & RAIS 11/08
Benzene
71-43-2
1.19
1
51
Yes
IRIS 2000
Acute: 65
NC calculation. Based
Beryllium
7440-41-7
(d) Chronic:
Dissolved metal for aquatic
NA
on LC50 data from
6.5 (d)
life
EPA AWQC 1980
Biological Oxygen
5000 (E)
Effluent Limit
NA
NC
Demand (BOD)
Acute:
Acute:
Acute:
Click to calculate
"
Calc (d,h)
EPA AWQC 2001 + GEI
Cadmium
7440-43-9
40 (d) Chronic:
Calc
freshwater aquatic life
NA
Chronic:
Calc(d,h)8.8
(d)
(d,h)
CED recalculation
standard
Benzinoform, Carbon
Carbon Tetrachloride
56-23-5
0.254
1.6
Yes
EPA NRWQC(HH)2002
Chloride
EPA NRWQC(HH)
Chlordane
57-74-9
0.0008
0.004
0.0008
0.004
Yes
2002;EPA AWQC
1980
EPA NRWQC(AL); EPA
Chloride
16887-00-6
250000
230000
No
NSDWR
Chlorine, Total
7782-50-5
17
TRC
NA
EPA QCW 1986
Residual
Total of all Chlorinated
Chlorinated Benzenes
NA
488 (total)
NA
EPA AWQC 1980
Benzenes
1.0 (N)
Aesthetic standard. See 15A
EPA AWQC 1980 &
Chlorinated Phenols
NA
aesthetic
NCAC 02B .0211 and .0212
NA
EPA QCW 1976
Chlorophyll -a,
See 15A NCAC 0213.0211,
479-61-8
40 (N)
40 (N)
15 (N)
NA
NC
Corrected
.0220, and .0223
Acute:
Click to calculate
Cale (d,h)
EPA NRWQC-
Chromium III"
16065-83-1
freshwater aquatic life
NA
Chronic:
Correction 1999
standard
Calc (d,h)
Acute:
Acute: 16
Hexavalent Chromium;
1100 (d)
EPA NRWQC-
Chromium VI"
18540-29-9
(d) Chronic:
Dissolved metal for aquatic
NA
11(d)
Chronic: 50
life
Correction 1999
d
<_ 14/100 mL
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211,
NC; EPA NRWQC
Coliform Bacteria,
<_ 2001100
NA
<_ 200/100 mL
and < 43/100
.0219 & .0222 for additional
NA
1986; FDA NSSP for SA
Fecal
mL
mL
requirements
waters
Acute:
Acute:
Click to calculate
Calc (d,h)
4.8 (d)
EPA NRWQC-
Copper"
7440-50-8
freshwater aquatic life
NA
Chronic:
Chronic:
Correction 1999
standard
Calc (d,h)
3.1 d
Cyanide, Total
57-12-5
5
1
NA
EPA NRWQC 2009
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic
2,4-D
94-75-7
70
Acid, Chlorophenoxy
No
40 CFR 141.50
Herbicide
EPA AWQC 1980 (AL);
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroeth
4,4'-DDT
50-29-3
0.0002
0.001
0.0002
0.001
Yes
NRWQC 2002
ane
HHCCM
Demeton
8065-48-3
0.1
0.1
NA
EPA QCW 1986
Dieldrin
60-57-1
0.00005
0.002
0.00005
0.002
Yes
EPA QCW 1986
0.000005
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p
EPA NRWQC 2002
Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
1746-01-6
0.000005 ng/L
Yes
ng/L
dioxin
(HHCCM)
Measured as %saturation.
Dissolved Gases
NA
110% sat (N)
110% sat (N)
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and
NA
EPA QCW 1986
.0220
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and
26.0
.0220 for additional
EPA QCW 1986, NC
Dissolved Oxygen
NA
(N)
(N)
(N)
6 mg/L (E)
NA
mg/L (N)
requirements. Effluent Limit
for HQW
for HQW
Dissolved Solids
NA
500000
Total dissolved solids
NA
EPA QCW 1986
Endosulfan
115-29-7
0.05
0.009
NA
EPA AWQC 1980
Endrin
72-20-8
1 0.002
0.002
1
1
NA
EPA AWQC 1980
See 15A NCAC 026 .0220 &
Enterococcus Bacteria
NA
< 35/100 mL
<_ 35/100 mL
.0222 for additional
NA
BEACH Act 2000
requirements
Fluoride
16984-48-8
1800
NA
ECOTOX
Guthion
86-50-0
0.01
0.01
NA
EPA QCW 1986
Hardness
NA
100 mg/L
As CaCO3 or Ca & Mg
NA
EPA QCW 1963
EPA NRWQC(HH)
Heptachlor
76-44-8
0.00008
0.004
0.00008
0.004
Yes
2002;EPA AWQC
1980
EPA NRWQC 2002
Hexachlorobutadiene
87-68-3
0.44
18
HCBD
Yes
HHCCM
Acute:
Acute:
Click to calculate
EPA AWQC - Lead
Calc (d,h)
210 (d)
Lead"
7439-92-1
freshwater aquatic life
NA
1984; EPA NRWQC-
Chronic:
Calc WIN
Chronic:
8.1 d
Correction 1999
standard
Lindane, g-BHC
58-89-9
0.01
0.004
Gamma-BHC, g-HCH
NA
EPA QCW 1976
EPA QCW - Mercury
1986; Based on Final
Mercury
7439-97-6
0.012 (t)
0.025 (t)
NA
Residual Value (fish
tissue
Methoxychlor
72-43-5
0.03
0.03
NA
EPA QCW 1986
Methylene -blue
See 15A NCAC 02B .0212,
5
adopted for
Active Substances
61-73-4
.0214, .0215, .0216, and
NA
MBAS
ti
aesthetic e
.0218
aesthetics in 2003
Mirex
2385-85-5
0.001
0.001
NA
EPA QCW 1986
Acute:
Acute:
Click to calculate
Nickel"
744-02-0
25 (t)
Calc (d,h)
74 (d)
No
EPA NRWQC-
freshwater aquatic life
Chronic:
Chronic: 8.2
Correction 1999
standard
Calc WIN
d
Nitrate nitrogen
14797-55-8
10000
No
EPA QCW 1986
See 15A NCAC 02B .0212.
Non -point Source
NA
(N)
NA
NC
Includes stormwater.
Nitrogen & Phosphorus. See
Nutrients
(N)
NA
NC
15A NCAC 02B .0223 & .0224.
Page 1 of 2

NC 213 Surface Water Standards - August 2017
North Carolina 15A NCAC 02B Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters
Freshwater Fresh & Salt Saltwater
Class WS All waters All waters All waters
Class B Class SB Class SA Supplemental Classifications
(I - V) (Class C) (Class C & SC) (Class SC)
Aquatic Life' &
Aquatic Life'
High
Pollutant or
Primary
s
Water
e
Secondary
Fish
3
& Secondary
Primary
s
s
Shellfish
Z
Trout
Swamp
5
Quality
Synonyms & Other
Cancer
Reference Source
CAS q
Recreation
Supply
4
Consumption
4
Recreation
Waters
Waters
io
Endpoint
(See supporting info
Parameter
Recreation
Recreation
Information
(FC & WS)
tab)
All values reported as ug/L unless labeled otherwise.
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and
Oil and Grease
NA
(N)
(N)
NA
EPA QCW 1976
.0220.
Parathion
56-38-2
0.013
0.178
NA
EPA AWQC 1986
Total of all polychlorinated
EPA QCW 1976; EPA
PCB, Total
NA
0.001 (total)
0.000064 (total)
0.001 (total)
biphenyls (PCBs) and all
Yes
NRWQC 2002
congeners.
(HHCCM)
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and
pH
NA
6.0-9.0 (N)
6.8-8.5 (N)
(N)
.0220 for addition
NA
EPA QCW 1976
requirements
Aesthetic narrative standard
300 (P)
300 (P)
for taste & odor in fish
Phenolic Compounds
NA
NA
EPA QCW 1976
aesthetic
aesthetic
tissue. Based on public policy
document.
Total of benzo(a)anthracene,
benzo(a)pyrene,
Polynuclear Aromatic
benzo(b)fluoranthene,
Hydrocarbons(PAH),
NA
Do
0.0311 (total)
benzo(k)fluoranthene,
Yes
EPA QCW 1986
(total) tal)
Total
chrysene,
dibenz(a,h)anthracene,and
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
Radioactive
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and
40 CFR 141.26
NA
(N)
(N)
NA
(adopted by
Substances
.0220 for details
reference
Salinity
NA
(N)
See 15A NCAC 02B.0220
NA
EPA QCW 1986
Selenium
7782-49-2
5 (t)
71 (t)
NA
EPA AWQC 1987
See 15A NCAC 026 .0211,
.0220 & .0221. Includes
Sewage & other
NA
(N)
(N)
(N)
(N)
sewage, industrial wastes,
NA
wastes
non -process industrial waste,
or other wastes
Acute:
Acute:
Click to calculate acute
Silver"
7440-22-4
Calc (d,h)
1.9 (d)
NA
EPA AWQC 1980
freshwater aquatic life
Chronic:
Chronic:
standard
0.06 d
0.1 d
Silvex
93-72-1
10
2,4,5-TP, 2,4,5-
No
EPA QCW 1986
Trichlorophenoxypropionoic Acid
See 15A NCAC 0213.0211,
.0220&.0221.Includes
Solids
NA
(N)
(N)
(N)
NA
EPA QCW 1986
floating, settleable & sludge
solids.
Sulfates
NA
250000
NA
NSDWR2003
Total suspended solids
Suspended Solids
NA
10000
20000
Effluent Limit. See 15A NCAC
NA
EPA QCW 1986
02B .0224
NCAC 02B .0208,.0211, and
Temperature
NA
(N)
(N)
NA
EPA QCW 1986
.0220 for details
1,1,2,2
Acetosol, Acetylene
79-34-5
0.17
4
Yes
EPA NRWQC(HH) 2006
Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloride
Tetrachloroethylene
127-18-4
0.7
3.3
PERC, PCE,
Yes
EPA NRWQC(HH) 2006
Perchloroeth lene
NC Dept. of Natural
Toluene
108-88-3
11
0.36
Methyl Benzene, Phenyl
NA
Resources and
Methane
Community Development
study 1986
Toxaphene
8001-35-2
0.0002
0.0002
NA
EPA AWQC 1986
Effluent Limit. See 15A NCAC
Toxic Substances
(E)
02B .0224 for additional
NA
NC
requirements
Trialkyltin compounds
NA
0.07
0.007
Expressed as Tributyltin
NA
EPA NRWQC 2004
Trichloroethylene
79-01-6
2.5
30
TCE
Yes
EPA NRWQC(HH) 2002
Streams <
See 15A NCAC 02B .0211 and
50 NTU,
<_ 10
.0220 for more details. NTU =
Turbidity
NA
Lakes &
<_ 25 NTU (N)
NTU
NA
EPA QCW 1972
Nephelom Turbidity
Reservoirs < 25
(N)
NTU(N)
Units
its
Vinyl Chloride
75-01-4
0.025
2.4
Chloroethylene
Yes
EPA NRWQC(HH) 2006
Acute:
Acute: 90
Click to calculate
freshwater aquatic life
Zinc"
7440-66-6
Calc (d,h)
(d) Chronic:
NA
EPA NRWQC-
Chronic:
81(d)
Correction 1999
Calc WIN
standard
The values in these tables do not substitute for any written regulations, nor are they
themselves regulations.
Hardness -Dependent Meta[ Calculations
Enter in -stream
Metal
Equations for Hardness -Dependent Metals (ug/L)
Calculated standard (ug/L)
hardness (mg/L)
Cadmium, acute
WER*[{1.136672-[In hardness](0.041838))*e^(0.9151[ln hardness]-3.1485)]
25
0.82
Cadmium, chronic
WER*[{1.101672-[In hardness](0.041838))*e^{0.7998[ln hard ness]-4.4451)]
25
0.15
Cadmium, acute, trout waters
WER*[11.136672-[In hardness](0.041838))*e^{0.9151[In hardness]-3.62361]
25
0.51
Chromium III, acute
WER*[0.316*e^{0.8190[In hardness]+3.7256)]
25
183.07
Chromium III, chronic
WER*[0.860*e^{0.8190[In hardness]+0.6848)]
25
23.81
Copper, acute
WER*[0.960*e^{0.9422[In hardness]-1.70011
25
3.64
Copper, chronic
WER*[0.960*e^{0.8545[ln hardness]-1.7021]
25
2.74
Lead, acute
WER*[{1.46203-[In hardness](0.145712))*e^{1.273[ln hardness]-1.460)]
25
13.88
Lead, chronic
WER*[{1.46203-[In hardness](0.145712))*e^(1.273[ln hardness]-4.705)]
25
0.54
Nickel, acute
WER*[0.998*e^{0.8460[ln hardness]+2.2551]
25
144.92
Nickel, chronic
WER*[0.997*e^{0.8460[In hardness]+0.0584)]
25
16.10
Silver, acute
WER*[0.85*e^(1.72[ln hardness]-6.59)]
25
0.30
Zinc, acute
WER*[0.978*e^{0.8473[In hardness]+0.884)]
25
36.20
Zinc, chronic
WER*[0.986*e^{0.8473[ln hardness]+0.884)]
25
36.50
See the Supporting Info tab for information on all footnotes, notes, and abbreviations
Page 2 of 2

APPENDIX C
Example Field Logs and
Chain of Custody

#jLJ&=
E"C31"E E R I"G
DATE:
GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOG
Project Name: Oxford Unit 1, Granville Co. Project No. /Task No.:
Well ID: Sampler(s):
Well Location:
Well Diameter: inches
Initial Depth to Water (DTW): feet
Depth to Bottom (DTB): feet
Water Column Thickness (WCT): feet [DTB-DTW]
Calculation for One Well Volume (WV):
For 2" Well: WCT X 0.163 =
For 4" Well: WCT X 0.653 =
For THREE Well Volumes: WV X 3 =
Actual Amount Purged/Bailed:
Purged with:
Sampled with:
Depth to Water before Sampling: - feet
Ions
Ions
Ions
Ions
Gallons
Purged
g
Time
pH
Temp.
°C
Cond.
µS/m
Dis.02
mg/l
Turb.
ntu
ORP
my
Initials
Before
Sampling
Comments (weather conditions, odor, color, silt, etc.):
Signature: Date:
QA/QC Sign Off: Date:

DATE:
&jLJ r, arm
E"C3 11\I E E� F ? I P4 L3
SURFACE WATER MONITORING LOG
Project Name: Oxford, Unit 1, Granville Co. Project/Task No.:
Surface Point ID:
Location:
Field Parameters:
Time of Sampling:
pH:
Temperature:
Conductivity:
Turbidity:
Sampler(s):
(µS/m)
(ntu)
Comments/Sample Description (weather conditions, odor, color, silt, etc.):
Signature:
Sketch of Sample Location (include flow direction, drainage pathways, etc.).
Date:
QA/QC Sign Off: Date:

1 !''v/rC
&ju r `� o
,ENGINEEF?ING
GREENSBORO,NC
2211 West Meadowview Rd. Suite 101
Greensboro, NC 27407
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
CHARLESTON,SC
3251 Landmark Drive #240
North Charleston, SC 29418
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
RICHMOND, VA
1604 Ownby Lane
Richmond, VA 23220
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD
MATRIX
TYPE
REQUIRED
ANALYSIS
PAGE OF
W
Q
O
C.D
L1
z
Ca
a
O
a
�
d
F
U
¢
a
W
x
O
PROJECT NAME:
STANDARD REPORT
DELIVERY
� EXPEDITED REPORT
DELIVERY
DATE DUE:
PROJECT NUMBER:
PROJECT MANAGER:
SAMPLERS:
SAMPLE
SAMPLE ID
DATE
TIME
GRAB
COMP
REMARKS
1
3
4
5
6
7
3
9
10
11
12
13
RELINQUISHED BY (SIGNATURE):
DATE:
TIME:
CUSTODY INTACT
YES
NO
DATA REPORT LEVEL
LEVELI LEVEL III
LEVEL II LEVEL IV
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
RECEIVED BY (SIGNATURE):
DATE:
TIME:
RELINQUISHED BY (SIGNATURE):
DATE:
TIME:
RELINQUISHED BY (SIGNATURE):
DATE:
TIME:
LABORATORY:
RECEIVED BY (SIGNATURE):
DATE:
TIME:
RECEIVED BY (SIGNATURE):
DATE:
TIME:
Created: 11/5/07 Version: 1.01

APPENDIX D
Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and
Surface Water Sampling (April 2008)

Solid Waste Section
Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface
Water Sampling
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE SECTION
General Sampling Procedures
The following guidance is provided to insure a consistent sampling approach so that sample
collection activities at solid waste management facilities provide reliable data. Sampling must
begin with an evaluation of facility information, historical environmental data and site geologic
and hydrogeologic conditions. General sampling procedures are described in this document.
Planning
Begin sampling activities with planning and coordination. The party contracting with the
laboratory is responsible for effectively communicating reporting requirements and evaluating
data reliability as it relates to specific monitoring activities.
Sample Collection
Contamination Prevention
a.) Take special effort to prevent cross contamination or environmental contamination
when collecting samples.
1. If possible, collect samples from the least contaminated sampling location
(or background sampling location, if applicable) to the most contaminated
sampling location.
2. Collect the ambient or background samples first, and store them in
separate ice chests or separate shipping containers within the same ice
chest (e.g. untreated plastic bags).
3. Collect samples in flowing water at designated locations from upstream to
downstream.
b.) Do not store or ship highly contaminated samples (concentrated wastes, free product,
etc.) or samples suspect of containing high concentrations of contaminants in the
same ice chest or shipping containers with other environmental samples.
1. Isolate these sample containers by sealing them in separate, untreated
plastic bags immediately after collecting, preserving, labeling, etc.
2. Use a clean, untreated plastic bag to line the ice chest or shipping
container.
c.) All sampling equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated and transported in a
manner that does not allow it to become contaminated. Arrangements should be
made ahead of time to decontaminate any sampling or measuring equipment that will
be reused when taking samples from more than one well. Field decontamination of
Rev 4-08

sampling equipment will be necessary before sampling each well to minimize the risk
of cross contamination. Decontamination procedures should be included in reports as
necessary. Certified pre -cleaned sampling equipment and containers may be used.
When collecting aqueous samples, rinse the sample collection equipment with a
portion of the sample water before taking the actual sample. Sample containers do not
need to be rinsed. In the case of petroleum hydrocarbons, oil and grease, or
containers with pre -measured preservatives, the sample containers cannot be rinsed.
d.) Place all fuel -powered equipment away from, and downwind of, any site activities
(e.g., purging, sampling, decontamination).
1. If field conditions preclude such placement (i.e., the wind is from the
upstream direction in a boat), place the fuel source(s) as far away as
possible from the sampling activities and describe the conditions in the
field notes.
2. Handle fuel (i.e., filling vehicles and equipment) prior to the sampling
day. If such activities must be performed during sampling, the personnel
must wear disposable gloves.
3. Dispense all fuels downwind. Dispose of gloves well away from the
sampling activities.
Filling Out Sample Labels
Fill out label, adhere to vial and collect sample. Print legibly with indelible ink. At a
minimum, the label or tag should identify the sample with the following information:
1. Sample location and/or well number
2. Sample identification number
3. Date and time of collection
4. Analysis required/requested
5. Sampler's initials
6. Preservative(s) used, if any [i.e., HCI, Na2S203, NO3, ice, etc.]
7. Any other pertinent information for sample identification
Sample Collection Order
Unless field conditions justify other sampling regimens, collect samples in the following
order:
1. Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics
2. Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate Organics and
Oil and Grease
3. Total Metals
4. Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and
Biologicals
5. Microbiological
NOTE: If the pump used to collect groundwater samples cannot be used to collect volatile or
extractable organics then collect all other parameters and withdraw the pump and tubing. Then
collect the volatile and extractable organics.
Rev 4-08

Health and Safety
Implement all local, state, and federal requirements relating to health and safety. Follow all
local, state and federal requirements pertaining to the storage and disposal of any hazardous or
investigation derived wastes.
a.) The Solid Waste Section recommends wearing protective gloves when conducting all
sampling activities.
1. Gloves serve to protect the sample collector from potential exposure to sample
constituents, minimize accidental contamination of samples by the collector,
and preserve accurate tare weights on preweighed sample containers.
2. Do not let gloves come into contact with the sample or with the interior or lip
of the sample container. Use clean, new, unpowdered and disposable gloves.
Various types of gloves may be used as long as the construction materials do
not contaminate the sample or if internal safety protocols require greater
protection.
3. Note that certain materials that may potentially be present in concentrated
effluent can pass through certain glove types and be absorbed in the skin.
Many vendor catalogs provide information about the permeability of different
gloves and the circumstances under which the glove material might be
applicable. The powder in powdered gloves can contribute significant
contamination. Powdered gloves are not recommended unless it can be
demonstrated that the powder does not interfere with the sample analysis.
4. Change gloves after preliminary activities, after collecting all the samples at a
single sampling point, if torn or used to handle extremely dirty or highly
contaminated surfaces. Properly dispose of all used gloves as investigation
derived wastes.
b.) Properly manage all investigation derived waste (IDW).
5. To prevent contamination into previously uncontaminated areas, properly
manage all IDW. This includes all water, soil, drilling mud, decontamination
wastes, discarded personal protective equipment (PPE), etc. from site
investigations, exploratory borings, piezometer and monitoring well
installation, refurbishment, abandonment, and other investigative activities.
Manage all IDW that is determined to be RCRA-regulated hazardous waste
according to the local, state and federal requirements.
6. Properly dispose of IDW that is not a RCRA-regulated hazardous waste but is
contaminated above the Department's Soil Cleanup Target Levels or the state
standards and/or minimum criteria for ground water quality. If the drill
cuttings/mud orpurged well water is contaminated with hazardous waste,
contact the DWM Hazardous Waste Section (919-508-8400) for disposal
options. Maintain all containers holding IDW in good condition. Periodically
inspect the containers for damage and ensure that all required labeling (DOT,
RCRA, etc.) are clearly visible.
Rev 4-08

Sample Storage and Transport
Store samples for transport carefully. Pack samples to prevent from breaking and to maintain a
temperature of approximately 4 degrees Celsius (°C), adding ice if necessary. Transport samples
to a North Carolina -certified laboratory as soon as possible. Avoid unnecessary handling of
sample containers. Avoid heating (room temperature or above, including exposure to sunlight)
or freezing of the sample containers. Reduce the time between sample collection and delivery to
a laboratory whenever possible and be sure that the analytical holding times of your samples can
be met by the laboratory.
a.) A complete chain -of -custody (COC) form must be maintained to document all
transfers and receipts of the samples. Be sure that the sample containers are labeled
with the sample location and/or well number, sample identification, the date and time
of collection, the analysis to be performed, the preservative added (if any), the
sampler's initials, and any other pertinent information for sample identification. The
labels should contain a unique identifier (i.e., unique well numbers) that can be traced
to the COC form. The details of sample collection must be documented on the COC.
The COC must include the following:
1. Description of each sample (including QA/QC samples) and the number of
containers (sample location and identification)
2. Signature of the sampler
3. Date and time of sample collection
4. Analytical method to be performed
5. Sample type (i.e., water or soil)
6. Regulatory agency (i.e., NCDENR/DWM — SW Section)
7. Signatures of all persons relinquishing and receiving custody of the
samples
8. Dates and times of custody transfers
b.) Pack samples so that they are segregated by site, sampling location or by sample
analysis type. When COC samples are involved, segregate samples in coolers by site.
If samples from multiple sites will fit in one cooler, they may be packed in the same
cooler with the associated field sheets and a single COC form for all. Coolers should
not exceed a maximum weight of 50 lbs. Use additional coolers as necessary. All
sample containers should be placed in plastic bags (segregated by analysis and
location) and completely surrounded by ice.
1. Prepare and place trip blanks in an ice filled cooler before leaving for the
field.
2. Segregate samples by analysis and place in sealable plastic bags.
3. Pack samples carefully in the cooler placing ice around the samples.
4. Review the COC. The COC form must accompany the samples to the
laboratory. The trip blank(s) must also be recorded on the COC form.
5. Place completed COC form in a waterproof bag, sealed and taped under
the lid of the cooler.
6. Secure shipping containers with strapping tape to avoid accidental
opening.
7. For COC samples, a tamper -proof seal may also be placed over the cooler
lid or over a bag or container containing the samples inside the shipping
cooler.
Rev 4-08 4

8. "COC" or "EMERG" should be written in indelible ink on the cooler seal
to alert sample receipt technicians to priority or special handling samples.
9. The date and sample handler's signature must also be written on the COC
seal.
10. Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship by commercial courier.
NOTE: If transport time to the laboratory is not long enough to allow
samples to be cooled to 4° C, a temperature reading of the sample source
must be documented as the field temperature on the CDC form. A
downward trend in temperature will be adequate even if cooling to 4° C is
not achieved. The field temperature should always be documented if there
is any question as to whether samples will have time to cool to 4° C during
shipment. Thermometers must be calibrated annually against an NIST
traceable thermometer and documentation must be retained.
Rev 4-08

Appendix A - Decontamination of Field Equipment
Decontamination of personnel, sampling equipment, and containers - before and after
sampling - must be used to ensure collection of representative samples and to prevent the
potential spread of contamination. Decontamination of personnel prevents ingestion and
absorption of contaminants. It must be done with a soap and water wash and deionized or
distilled water rinse. Certified pre -cleaned sampling equipment and containers may also be used.
All previously used sampling equipment must be properly decontaminated before sampling and
between sampling locations. This prevents the introduction of contamination into
uncontaminated samples and avoids cross -contamination of samples. Cross -contamination can
be a significant problem when attempting to characterize extremely low concentrations of
organic compounds or when working with soils that are highly contaminated.
Clean, solvent -resistant gloves and appropriate protective equipment must be worn by
persons decontaminating tools and equipment.
Cleaning Reagents
Recommendations for the types and grades of various cleaning supplies are outlined below.
The recommended reagent types or grades were selected to ensure that the cleaned equipment is
free from any detectable contamination.
a.) Detergents: Use Liqui-Nox (or a non -phosphate equivalent) or Alconox (or
equivalent). Liqui-Nox (or equivalent) is recommended by EPA, although Alconox
(or equivalent) may be substituted if the sampling equipment will not be used to
collect phosphorus or phosphorus containing compounds.
b.) Solvents: Use pesticide grade isopropanol as the rinse solvent in routine equipment
cleaning procedures. This grade of alcohol must be purchased from a laboratory
supply vendor. Rubbing alcohol or other commonly available sources of isopropanol
are not acceptable. Other solvents, such as acetone or methanol, may be used as the
final rinse solvent if they are pesticide grade. However, methanol is more toxic to the
environment and acetone may be an analyte of interest for volatile organics.
1. Do not use acetone if volatile organics are of interest
2. Containerize all methanol wastes (including rinses) and dispose as a
hazardous waste.
Pre -clean equipment that is heavily contaminated with organic analytes. Use reagent
grade acetone and hexane or other suitable solvents. Use pesticide grade methylene
chloride when cleaning sample containers. Store all solvents away from potential
sources of contamination.
c.) Analyte-Free Water Sources: Analyte-free water is water in which all analytes of
interest and all interferences are below method detection limits. Maintain
documentation (such as results from equipment blanks) to demonstrate the reliability
and purity of analyte-free water source(s). The source of the water must meet the
requirements of the analytical method and must be free from the analytes of interest.
In general, the following water types are associated with specific analyte groups:
1. Milli-Q (or equivalent polished water): suitable for all analyses.
Rev 4-08

2. Organic free: suitable for volatile and extractable organics.
3. Deionized water: may not be suitable for volatile and extractable
organics.
4. Distilled water: not suitable for volatile and extractable organics, metals
or ultratrace metals.
Use analyte-free water for blank preparation and the final decontamination water
rinse. In order to minimize long-term storage and potential leaching problems, obtain
or purchase analyte-free water just prior to the sampling event. If obtained from a
source (such as a laboratory), fill the transport containers and use the contents for a
single sampling event. Empty the transport container(s) at the end of the sampling
event. Discard any analyte-free water that is transferred to a dispensing container
(such as a wash bottle or pump sprayer) at the end of each sampling day.
d.) Acids:
1. Reagent Grade Nitric Acid: 10 - 15% (one volume concentrated nitric acid
and five volumes deionized water). Use for the acid rinse unless nitrogen
components (e.g., nitrate, nitrite, etc.) are to be sampled. If sampling for
ultra -trace levels of metals, use an ultra -pure grade acid.
2. Reagent Grade Hydrochloric Acid: 10% hydrochloric acid (one volume
concentrated hydrochloric and three volumes deionized water). Use when
nitrogen components are to be sampled.
3. If samples for both metals and the nitrogen -containing components are
collected with the equipment, use the hydrochloric acid rinse, or
thoroughly rinse with hydrochloric acid after a nitric acid rinse. If
sampling for ultra trace levels of metals, use an ultra -pure grade acid.
4. Freshly prepared acid solutions may be recycled during the sampling event
or cleaning process. Dispose of any unused acids according to local
ordinances.
Reagent Storage Containers
The contents of all containers must be clearly marked.
a.) Detergents:
1. Store in the original container or in a HDPE or PP container.
b.) Solvents:
1. Store solvents to be used for cleaning or decontamination in the original
container until use in the field. If transferred to another container for field
use, use either a glass or Teflon container.
2. Use dispensing containers constructed of glass, Teflon or stainless steel.
Note: If stainless steel sprayers are used, any gaskets that contact the
solvents must be constructed of inert materials.
c.) Analyte-Free Water:
1. Transport in containers appropriate for the type of water stored. If the
water is commercially purchased (e.g., grocery store), use the original
containers when transporting the water to the field. Containers made of
glass, Teflon, polypropylene or HDPE are acceptable.
2. Use glass or Teflon to transport organic -free sources of water on -site.
Polypropylene or HDPE may be used, but are not recommended.
Rev 4-08 7

3. Dispense water from containers made of glass, Teflon, HDPE or
polypropylene.
4. Do not store water in transport containers for more than three days before
beginning a sampling event.
5. If working on a project that has oversight from EPA Region 4, use glass
containers for the transport and storage of all water.
6. Store and dispense acids using containers made of glass, Teflon or plastic.
General Requirements
a.) Prior to use, clean/decontaminate all sampling equipment (pumps, tubing, lanyards,
split spoons, etc.) that will be exposed to the sample.
b.) Before installing, clean (or obtain as certified pre -cleaned) all equipment that is
dedicated to a single sampling point and remains in contact with the sample medium
(e.g., permanently installed groundwater pump). If you use certified pre -cleaned
equipment no cleaning is necessary.
1. Clean this equipment any time it is removed for maintenance or repair.
2. Replace dedicated tubing if discolored or damaged.
c.) Clean all equipment in a designated area having a controlled environment (house,
laboratory, or base of field operations) and transport it to the field, pre -cleaned and
ready to use, unless otherwise justified.
d.) Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field -cleaned for other
sites. Rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect in -process (e.g.,
untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples immediately with water.
e.) Whenever possible, transport sufficient clean equipment to the field so that an entire
sampling event can be conducted without the need for cleaning equipment in the
field.
f.) Segregate equipment that is only used once (i.e., not cleaned in the field) from clean
equipment and return to the in-house cleaning facility to be cleaned in a controlled
environment.
g.) Protect decontaminated field equipment from environmental contamination by
securely wrapping and sealing with one of the following:
1. Aluminum foil (commercial grade is acceptable)
2. Untreated butcher paper
3. Clean, untreated, disposable plastic bags. Plastic bags may be used for all
analyte groups except volatile and extractable organics. Plastic bags may
be used for volatile and extractable organics, if the equipment is first
wrapped in foil or butcher paper, or if the equipment is completely dry.
Cleaning Sample Collection Equipment
a.) On-Site/In-Field Cleaning — Cleaning equipment on -site is not recommended because
environmental conditions cannot be controlled and wastes (solvents and acids) must
be containerized for proper disposal.
1. Ambient temperature water may be substituted in the hot, sudsy water bath
and hot water rinses.
NOTE: Properly dispose of all solvents and acids.
Rev 4-08

2. Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field -cleaned
for other sites.
3. Immediately rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect
in -process (e.g., untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples with
water.
b.) Heavily Contaminated Equipment - In order to avoid contaminating other samples,
isolate heavily contaminated equipment from other equipment and thoroughly
decontaminate the equipment before further use. Equipment is considered heavily
contaminated if it:
1. Has been used to collect samples from a source known to contain
significantly higher levels than background.
2. Has been used to collect free product.
3. Has been used to collect industrial products (e.g., pesticides or solvents) or
their byproducts.
NOTE: Cleaning heavily contaminated equipment in the field is not recommended.
c.) On -Site Procedures:
1. Protect all other equipment, personnel and samples from exposure by
isolating the equipment immediately after use.
2. At a minimum, place the equipment in a tightly sealed, untreated, plastic
bag.
3. Do not store or ship the contaminated equipment next to clean,
decontaminated equipment, unused sample containers, or filled sample
containers.
4. Transport the equipment back to the base of operations for thorough
decontamination.
5. If cleaning must occur in the field, document the effectiveness of the
procedure, collect and analyze blanks on the cleaned equipment.
d.) Cleaning Procedures:
1. If organic contamination cannot be readily removed with scrubbing and a
detergent solution, pre -rinse equipment by thoroughly rinsing or soaking
the equipment in acetone.
2. Use hexane only if preceded and followed by acetone.
3. In extreme cases, it may be necessary to steam clean the field equipment
before proceeding with routine cleaning procedures.
4. After the solvent rinses (and/or steam cleaning), use the appropriate
cleaning procedure. Scrub, rather than soak, all equipment with sudsy
water. If high levels of metals are suspected and the equipment cannot be
cleaned without acid rinsing, soak the equipment in the appropriate acid.
Since stainless steel equipment should not be exposed to acid rinses, do
not use stainless steel equipment when heavy metal contamination is
suspected or present.
5. If the field equipment cannot be cleaned utilizing these procedures,
discard unless further cleaning with stronger solvents and/or oxidizing
solutions is effective as evidenced by visual observation and blanks.
6. Clearly mark or disable all discarded equipment to discourage use.
Rev 4-08

e.) General Cleaning - Follow these procedures when cleaning equipment under
controlled conditions. Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions
and/or recommendations.
1. Procedure for Teflon, stainless steel and glass sampling equipment: This
procedure must be used when sampling for ALL analyte groups.
(Extractable organics, metals, nutrients, etc. or if a single decontamination
protocol is desired to clean all Teflon, stainless steel and glass equipment.)
Rinse equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water. If
samples for trace metals or inorganic analytes will be collected with the
equipment that is not stainless steel, thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces)
with the appropriate acid solution. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free
water. Make sure that all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed with
water. If samples for volatile or extractable organics will be collected,
rinse with isopropanol. Wet equipment surfaces thoroughly with free -
flowing solvent. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Allow to air
dry. Wrap and seal as soon as the equipment has air-dried. If isopropanol
is used, the equipment may be air-dried without the final analyte-free
water rinse; however, the equipment must be completely dry before
wrapping or use. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the
procedure described above.
2. General Cleaning Procedure for Plastic Sampling Equipment: Rinse
equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water.
Thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces) with the appropriate acid solution.
Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions and/or
recommendations. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Be sure that
all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed. Allow to air dry as long as
possible. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the procedure
described above.
Rev 4-08 10

Appendix B - Collecting Soil Samples
Soil samples are collected for a variety of purposes. A methodical sampling approach must be
used to assure that sample collection activities provide reliable data. Sampling must begin with
an evaluation of background information, historical data and site conditions.
Soil Field Screening Procedures
Field screening is the use of portable devices capable of detecting petroleum contaminants on
a real-time basis or by a rapid field analytical technique. Field screening should be used to help
assess locations where contamination is most likely to be present.
When possible, field -screening samples should be collected directly from the excavation or
from the excavation equipment's bucket. If field screening is conducted only from the
equipment's bucket, then a minimum of one field screening sample should be collected from
each 10 cubic yards of excavated soil. If instruments or other observations indicate
contamination, soil should be separated into stockpiles based on apparent degrees of
contamination. At a minimum, soil suspected of contamination must be segregated from soil
observed to be free of contamination.
a.) Field screening devices — Many field screen instruments are available for detecting
contaminants in the field on a rapid or real-time basis. Acceptable field screening
instruments must be suitable for the contaminant being screened. The procdedure for
field screening using photoionization detectors (PIDs) and flame ionization detectors
(FIDs) is described below. If other instruments are used, a description of the
instrument or method and its intended use must be provided to the Solid Waste
Section. Whichever field screening method is chosen, its accuracy must be verified
throughout the sampling process. Use appropriate standards that match the use
intended for the data. Unless the Solid Waste Section indicates otherwise, wherever
field screening is recommended in this document, instrumental or analytical methods
of detection must be used, not olfactory or visual screening methods.
b.) Headspace analytical screening procedure for filed screening (semi -quantitative field
screening) - The most commonly used field instruments for Solid Waste Section site
assessments are FIDs and PIDs. When using FIDs and PIDs, use the following
headspace screening procedure to obtain and analyze field -screening samples:
1. Partially fill (one-third to one-half) a clean jar or clean ziplock bag with
the sample to be analyzed. The total capacity of the jar or bag may not be
less than eight ounces (app. 250 ml), but the container should not be so
large as to allow vapor diffusion and stratification effects to significantly
affect the sample.
2. If the sample is collected from a spilt -spoon, it must be transferred to the
jar or bag for headspace analysis immediately after opening the split -
spoon. If the sample is collected from an excavation or soil pile, it must
be collected from freshly uncovered soil.
Rev 4-08 11

3. If a jar is used, it must be quickly covered with clean aluminum foil or a
jar lid; screw tops or thick rubber bands must be used to tightly seal the
jar. If a zip lock bag is used, it must be quickly sealed shut.
4. Headspace vapors must be allowed to develop in the container for at least
10 minutes but no longer than one hour. Containers must be shaken or
agitated for 15 seconds at the beginning and the end of the headspace
development period to assist volatilization. Temperatures of the
headspace must be warmed to at least 5° C (approximately 40' F) with
instruments calibrated for the temperature used.
5. After headspace development, the instrument sampling probe must be
inserted to a point about one-half the headspace depth. The container
opening must be minimized and care must be taken to avoid the uptake of
water droplets and soil particulates.
6. After probe insertion, the highest meter reading must be taken and
recorded. This will normally occur between two and five seconds after
probe insertion. If erratic meter response occurs at high organic vapor
concentrations or conditions of elevated headspace moisture, a note to that
effect must accompany the headspace data.
7. All field screening results must be documented in the field record or log
book.
Soil Sample Collection Procedures for Laboratory Samples
The number and type of laboratory samples collected depends on the purpose of the sampling
activity. Samples analyzed with field screening devices may not be substituted for required
laboratory samples.
a.) General Sample Collection - When collecting samples from potentially contaminated
soil, care should be taken to reduce contact with skin or other parts of the body.
Disposable gloves should be worn by the sample collector and should be changed
between samples to avoid cross -contamination. Soil samples should be collected in a
manner that causes the least disturbance to the internal structure of the sample and
reduces its exposure to heat, sunlight and open air. Likewise, care should be taken to
keep the samples from being contaminated by other materials or other samples
collected at the site. When sampling is to occur over an extended period of time, it is
necessary to insure that the samples are collected in a comparable manner. All
samples must be collected with disposable or clean tools that have been
decontaminated. Disposable gloves must be worn and changed between sample
collections. Sample containers must be filled quickly. Soil samples must be placed
in containers in the order of volatility, for example, volatile organic aromatic samples
must be taken first, organics next, then heavier range organics, and finally soil
classification samples. Containers must be quickly and adequately sealed, and rims
must be cleaned before tightening lids. Tape may be used only if known not to affect
sample analysis. Sample containers must be clearly labeled. Containers must
immediately be preserved according to procedures in this Section. Unless specified
Rev 4-08 12

otherwise, at a minimum, the samples must be immediately cooled to 4 ± 2°C and this
temperature must be maintained throughout delivery to the laboratory.
b.) Surface Soil Sampling - Surface soil is generally classified as soil between the ground
surface and 6-12 inches below ground surface. Remove leaves, grass and surface
debris from the area to be sampled. Select an appropriate, pre -cleaned sampling
device and collect the sample. Transfer the sample to the appropriate sample
container. Clean the outside of the sample container to remove excess soil. Label the
sample container, place on wet ice to preserve at 4°C, and complete the field notes.
c.) Subsurface Soil Sampling — The interval begins at approximately 12 inches below
ground surface. Collect samples for volatile organic analyses. For other analyses,
select an appropriate, pre -cleaned sampling device and collect the sample. Transfer
the sample to the appropriate sample container. Clean the outside of the sample
container to remove excess soil. Label the sample container, place on wet ice to
preserve at 4°C, and complete field notes.
d.) Equipment for Reachingthe Appropriate Soil Sampling Depth - Samples may be
collected using a hollow stem soil auger, direct push, Shelby tube, split -spoon
sampler, or core barrel. These sampling devices may be used as long as an effort is
made to reduce the loss of contaminants through volatilization. In these situations,
obtain a sufficient volume of so the samples can be collected without volatilization
and disturbance to the internal structure of the samples. Samples should be collected
from cores of the soil. Non -disposable sampling equipment must be decontaminated
between each sample location. NOTE: If a confining layer has been breached during
sampling, grout the hole to land.
e.) Equipment to Collect Soil Samples - Equipment and materials that may be used to
collect soil samples include disposable plastic syringes and other "industry -standard"
equipment and materials that are contaminant -free. Non -disposable sampling
equipment must be decontaminated between each sample location.
Rev 4-08 13

Appendix C - Collecting Groundwater Samples
Groundwater samples are collected to identify, investigate, assess and monitor the concentration
of dissolved contaminant constituents. To properly assess groundwater contamination, first
install sampling points (monitoring wells, etc.) to collect groundwater samples and then perform
specific laboratory analyses. All monitoring wells should be constructed in accordance with 15A
NCAC 2C .0100 and sampled as outlined in this section. Groundwater monitoring is conducted
using one of two methods:
1. Portable Monitoring: Monitoring that is conducted using sampling equipment that is
discarded between sampling locations. Equipment used to collect a groundwater sample
from a well such as bailers, tubing, gloves, and etc. are disposed of after sample
collection. A new set of sampling equipment is used to collect a groundwater sample at
the next monitor well.
2. Dedicated Monitoriniz: Monitoring that utilizes permanently affixed down -well and well
head components that are capped after initial set-up. Most dedicated monitoring systems
are comprised of an in -well submersible bladder pump, with air supply and sample
discharge tubing, and an above -ground driver/controller for regulation of flow rates and
volumes. The pump and all tubing housed within the well should be composed of Teflon
or stainless steel components. This includes seals inside the pump, the pump body, and
fittings used to connect tubing to the pump. Because ground water will not be in contact
with incompatible constituents and because the well is sealed from the surface, virtually
no contamination is possible from intrinsic sources during sampling and between
sampling intervals. All dedicated monitoring systems must be approved by the Solid
Waste Section before installation.
Groundwater samples may be collected from a number of different configurations. Each
configuration is associated with a unique set of sampling equipment requirements and
techniques:
1. Wells without Plumbing: These wells require equipment to be brought to the well to
purge and sample unless dedicated equipment is placed in the well.
2. Wells with In -Place Plumbing: Wells with in -place plumbing do not require equipment
to be brought to the well to purge and sample. In -place plumbing is generally considered
permanent equipment routinely used for purposes other than purging and sampling, such
as for water supply.
3. Air Strippers or Remedial Systems: These types of systems are installed as remediation
devices.
Rev 4-08 14

Groundwater Sample Preparation
The type of sample containers used depends on the type of analysis performed. First,
determine the type(s) of contaminants expected and the proper analytical method(s). Be sure to
consult your selected laboratory for its specific needs and requirements prior to sampling.
Next, prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.) before taking any samples so
that each sample can be placed in a chilled environment immediately after collection.
Use groundwater purging and sampling equipment constructed of only non -reactive, non -
leachable materials that are compatible with the environment and the selected analytes. In
selecting groundwater purging and sampling equipment, give consideration to the depth of the
well, the depth to groundwater, the volume of water to be evacuated, the sampling and purging
technique, and the analytes of interest. Additional supplies, such as reagents and preservatives,
may be necessary.
All sampling equipment (bailers, tubing, containers, etc.) must be selected based on its
chemical compatibility with the source being sampled (e.g., water supply well, monitoring well)
and the contaminants potentially present.
a.) Pumps - All pumps or pump tubing must be lowered and retrieved from the well
slowly and carefully to minimize disturbance to the formation water. This is
especially critical at the air/water interface.
1. Above -Ground Pumps
• Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump: Use a variable speed peristaltic
pump to purge groundwater from wells when the static water level
in the well is no greater than 20- 25 feet below land surface (BLS).
If the water levels are deeper than 18-20 feet BLS, the pumping
velocity will decrease. A variable speed peristaltic pump can be
used for normal purging and sampling, and sampling low
permeability aquifers or formations. Most analyte groups can be
sampled with a peristaltic pump if the tubing and pump
configurations are appropriate.
• Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump: A variable speed centrifugal
pump can be used to purge groundwater from 2-inch and larger
internal diameter wells. Do not use this type of pump to collect
groundwater samples. When purging is complete, do not allow the
water that remains in the tubing to fall back into the well. Install a
check valve at the end of the purge tubing.
2. Submersible Pumps
• Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump: A variable speed
submersible pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater
from 2-inch and larger internal diameter wells. A variable speed
submersible pump can be used for normal purging and sampling,
and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations. The pump
housing, fittings, check valves and associated hardware must be
constructed of stainless steel. All other materials must be
Rev 4-08 15

b.) Bailers
compatible with the analytes of interest. Install a check valve at
the output side of the pump to prevent backflow. If purging and
sampling for organics, the entire length of the delivery tube must
be Teflon, polyethylene or polypropylene (PP) tubing; the
electrical cord must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP and
any cabling must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be
constructed of stainless steel; and all interior components that
contact the sample water (impeller, seals, gaskets, etc.) must be
constructed of stainless steel or Teflon.
3. Variable Speed Bladder Pump: A variable speed, positive displacement,
bladder pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater from 3/4-inch
and larger internal diameter wells.
• A variable speed bladder pump can be used for normal purging and
sampling, and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations.
• The bladder pump system is composed of the pump, the
compressed air tubing, the water discharge tubing, the controller
and a compressor, or a compressed gas supply.
• The pump consists of a bladder and an exterior casing or pump
body that surrounds the bladder and two (2) check valves. These
parts can be composed of various materials, usually combinations
of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Teflon, polyethylene, PP and
stainless steel. Other materials must be compatible with the
analytes of interest.
• If purging and sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constructed of stainless steel. The valves and bladder must be
Teflon, polyethylene or PP; the entire length of the delivery tube
must be Teflon, polyethylene or PP; and any cabling must be
sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be constructed of stainless
steel.
• Permanently installed pumps may have a PVC pump body as long
as the pump remains in contact with the water in the well.
1. Purging: Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing can
cause changes in the chemistry of the water due to aeration and loosening
particulate matter in the space around the well screen. Use a bailer if there
is non -aqueous phase liquid (free product) in the well or if non -aqueous
phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Sampling: Bailers must be used with caution.
3. Construction and Type: Bailers must be constructed of materials
compatible with the analytes of interest. Stainless steel, Teflon, rigid
medical grade PVC, polyethylene and PP bailers may be used to sample
all analytes. Use disposable bailers when sampling grossly contaminated
sample sources. NCDENR recommends using dual check valve bailers
when collecting samples. Use bailers with a controlled flow bottom to
collect volatile organic samples.
Rev 4-08 16

4. Contamination Prevention: Keep the bailer wrapped (foil, butcher paper,
etc.) until just before use. Use protective gloves to handle the bailer once
it is removed from its wrapping. Handle the bailer by the lanyard to
minimize contact with the bailer surface.
c.) Lans
1. Lanyards must be made of non -reactive, non -leachable material. They
may be cotton twine, nylon, stainless steel, or may be coated with Teflon,
polyethylene or PP.
2. Discard cotton twine, nylon, and non -stainless steel braided lanyards after
sampling each monitoring well.
3. Decontaminate stainless steel, coated Teflon, polyethylene and PP
lanyards between monitoring wells. They do not need to be
decontaminated between purging and sampling operations.
Water Level and Purge Volume Determination
The amount of water that must be purged from a well is determined by the volume of water
and/or field parameter stabilization.
a.) General Equipment Considerations - Selection of appropriate purging equipment
depends on the analytes of interest, the well diameter, transmissivity of the aquifer,
the depth to groundwater, and other site conditions.
1. Use of a pump to purge the well is recommended unless no other
equipment can be used or there is non -aqueous phase liquid in the well, or
non -aqueous phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing:
• Introduces atmospheric oxygen, which may precipitate metals
(i.e., iron) or cause other changes in the chemistry of the water
in the sample (i.e., pH).
• Agitates groundwater, which may bias volatile and semi -
volatile organic analyses due to volatilization.
• Agitates the water in the aquifer and resuspends fine particulate
matter.
• Surges the well, loosening particulate matter in the annular
space around the well screen.
• May introduce dirt into the water column if the sides of the
casing wall are scraped.
NOTE: It is critical for bailers to be slowly and gently immersed into the top of the water
column, particularly during the final stages of purging. This minimizes turbidity and
disturbance of volatile organic constituents.
b.) Initial Inspection
1. Remove the well cover and remove all standing water around the top of
the well casing (manhole) before opening the well.
2. Inspect the exterior protective casing of the monitoring well for damage.
Document the results of the inspection if there is a problem.
3. It is recommended that you place a protective covering around the well
head. Replace the covering if it becomes soiled or ripped.
Rev 4-08 17

4. Inspect the well lock and determine whether the cap fits tightly. Replace
the cap if necessary.
c.) Water Level Measurements - Use an electronic probe or chalked tape to determine the
water level. Decontaminate all equipment before use. Measure the depth to
groundwater from the top of the well casing to the nearest 0.01 foot. Always measure
from the same reference point or survey mark on the well casing. Record the
measurement.
1. Electronic Probe: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Follow the
manufacturer's instructions for use. Record the measurement.
2. Chalked Line Method: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Lower
chalked tape into the well until the lower end is in the water. This is
usually determined by the sound of the weight hitting the water. Record
the length of the tape relative to the reference point. Remove the tape and
note the length of the wetted portion. Record the length. Determine the
depth to water by subtracting the length of the wetted portion from the
total length. Record the result.
d.) Water Column Determination - To determine the length of the water column, subtract
the depth to the top of the water column from the total well depth (or gauged well
depth if silting has occurred). The total well depth depends on the well construction.
If gauged well depth is used due to silting, report total well depth also. Some wells
may be drilled in areas of sinkhole, karst formations or rock leaving an open
borehole. Attempt to find the total borehole depth in cases where there is an open
borehole below the cased portion.
e.) Well Water Volume - Calculate the total volume of water, in gallons, in the well
using the following equation:
V = (0.041)d x d x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
d = well diameter in inches
h = height of the water column in feet
The total volume of water in the well may also be determined with the following
equation by using a casing volume per foot factor (Gallons per Foot of Water) for the
appropriate diameter well:
V = [Gallons per Foot of Water] x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
h = height of the water column in feet
Record all measurements and calculations in the field records.
f.) Purging Equipment Volume - Calculate the total volume of the pump, associated
tubing and flow cell (if used), using the following equation:
V= p + ((0.041)d x dx 1)+fc
Where:
V = volume in gallons
p = volume of pump in gallons
d = tubing diameter in inches
1= length of tubing in feet
Rev 4-08 18

fc = volume of flow cell in gallons
g.) If the groundwater elevation data are to be used to construct groundwater elevation
contour maps, all water level measurements must be taken within the same 24 hour
time interval when collecting samples from multiple wells on a site, unless a shorter
time period is required. If the site is tidally influenced, complete the water level
measurements within the time frame of an incoming or outgoing tide.
Well Purging Techniques
The selection of the purging technique and equipment is dependent on the hydrogeologic
properties of the aquifer, especially depth to groundwater and hydraulic conductivity.
a.) Measuring the Purge Volume - The volume of water that is removed during purging
must be recorded. Therefore, you must measure the volume during the purging
operation.
1. Collect the water in a graduated container and multiply the number of
times the container was emptied by the volume of the container, OR
2. Estimate the volume based on pumping rate. This technique may be used
only if the pumping rate is constant. Determine the pumping rate by
measuring the amount of water that is pumped for a fixed period of time,
or use a flow meter.
Calculate the amount of water that is discharged per
minute: D = Measured Amount/Total Time In Minutes
Calculate the time needed to purge one (1) well volume or
one (1) purging equipment volume: Time = V/D
Where: V = well volume or purging equipment volume
D = discharge rate
Make new measurements each time the pumping rate is
changed.
3. Use a totalizing flow meter.
• Record the reading on the totalizer prior to purging.
• Record the reading on the totalizer at the end of purging.
• To obtain the volume purged, subtract the reading on the
totalizer prior to purging from the reading on the totalizer at
the end of purging.
• Record the times that purging begins and ends in the field
records.
b.) Purging Measurement Frequency - When purging a well that has the well screen fully
submerged and the pump or intake tubing is placed within the well casing above the
well screen or open hole, purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Allow at least one quarter (1/4) well volume
to purge between subsequent measurements. When purging a well that has the pump
or intake tubing placed within a fully submerged well screen or open hole, purge until
the water level has stabilized (well recovery rate equals the purge rate), then purge a
minimum of one (1) volume of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell (if used)
prior to collecting measurements of the field parameters. Take measurements of the
field parameters no sooner than two (2) to three (3) minutes apart. Purge at least
Rev 4-08 19

three (3) volumes of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell, if used, prior to
collecting a sample. When purging a well that has a partially submerged well screen,
purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting measurements of the
field parameters. Take measurements of the field parameters no sooner than two (2)
to three (3) minutes apart.
c.) Purging ompletion - Wells must be adequately purged prior to sample collection to
ensure representation of the aquifer formation water, rather than stagnant well water.
This may be achieved by purging three volumes from the well or by satisfying any
one of the following three purge completion criteria:
1.) Three (3) consecutive measurements in which the three (3) parameters listed
below are within the stated limits, dissolved oxygen is no greater than 20
percent of saturation at the field measured temperature, and turbidity is no
greater than 20 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs).
• Temperature: + 0.2° C
• pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
• Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
Document and report the following, as applicable. The last four items only
need to be submitted once:
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
2.) If it is impossible to get dissolved oxygen at or below 20 percent of saturation
at the field measured temperature or turbidity at or below 20 NTUs, then three
(3) consecutive measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance and
the parameter(s) dissolved oxygen and/or turbidity that do not meet the
requirements above must be within the limits below. The measurements are:
• Temperature: + 0.2° C
• pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
• Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
• Dissolved Oxygen: + 0.2 mg/L or 10%, whichever is
greater
• Turbidity: + 5 NTUs or 10%, whichever is greater
Additionally, document and report the following, as applicable, except that
the last four(4) items only need to be submitted once:
Purging rate.
Drawdown in the well, if any.
A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
dissolved oxygen to be high and/or dissolved oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
Rev 4-08 20

A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
3.) If after five (5) well volumes, three (3) consecutive measurements of the field
parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and
turbidity are not within the limits stated above, check the instrument condition
and calibration, purging flow rate and all tubing connections to determine if
they might be affecting the ability to achieve stable measurements. It is at the
discretion of the consultant/contractor whether or not to collect a sample or to
continue purging. Further, the report in which the data are submitted must
include the following, as applicable. The last four (4) items only need to be
submitted once.
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
Dissolved Oxygen to be high and/or Dissolved Oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
If wells have previously and consistently purged dry, and the current depth to
groundwater indicates that the well will purge dry during the current sampling
event, minimize the amount of water removed from the well by using the same
pump to purge and collect the sample:
• Place the pump or tubing intake within the well screened
interval.
• Use very small diameter Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing
and the smallest possible pump chamber volume. This will
minimize the total volume of water pumped from the well
and reduce drawdown.
• Select tubing that is thick enough to minimize oxygen
transfer through the tubing walls while pumping.
Rev 4-08 21

Pump at the lowest possible rate (100 mL/minute or less) to
reduce drawdown to a minimum.
• Purge at least two (2) volumes of the pumping system
(pump, tubing and flow cell, if used).
• Measure pH, specific conductance, temperature, dissolved
oxygen and turbidity, then begin to collect the samples.
Collect samples immediately after purging is complete. The time period between
completing the purge and sampling cannot exceed six hours. If sample collection
does not occur within one hour of purging completion, re -measure the five field
parameters: temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen and turbidity,
just prior to collecting the sample. If the measured values are not within 10 percent
of the previous measurements, re -purge the well. The exception is "dry" wells.
d.) Lanyards
1. Securely fasten lanyards, if used, to any downhole equipment (bailers,
pumps, etc.).
2. Use bailer lanyards in such a way that they do not touch the ground
surface.
Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Tubin /gip Placement
1. If attempting to minimize the volume of purge water, position the intake
hose or pump at the midpoint of the screened or open hole interval.
2. If monitoring well conditions do not allow minimizing of the purge water
volume, position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water
column. This will ensure that all stagnant water in the casing is removed.
3. If the well screen or borehole is partially submerged, and the pump will be
used for both purging and sampling, position the pump midway between
the measured water level and the bottom of the screen. Otherwise,
position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water column.
b.) Non -dedicated (portable) pumps
1. Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Attach a short section of tubing to the discharge side of the
pump and into a graduated container.
• Attach one end of a length of new or precleaned tubing to
the pump head flexible hose.
• Place the tubing as described in one of the options listed
above.
• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
Rev 4-08 22

• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that
water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells (see
Appendix C) or if precleaned tubing is used for each well,
only the pump.
2. Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Place the decontaminated suction hose so that water is
always pumped from the top of the water column.
• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Equip the suction hose with a foot valve to prevent purge
water from re-entering the well.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that the
water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
3. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Carefully position the decontaminated pump.
Rev 4-08 23

• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or only
the pump if precleaned tubing is used for each well.
4. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Attach the tubing and carefully position the pump.
• Change gloves before beginning purging.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
c.) Dedicated Portable Pumps
1. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves.
Rev 4-08 24

• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
3. Bailers - Using bailers for purging is not recommended unless care is
taken to use proper bailing technique, or if free product is present in the
well or suspected to be in the well.
• Minimize handling the bailer as much as possible.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Remove the bailer from its protective wrapping just before
use.
• Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
• Use the lanyard to move and position the bailer.
• Lower and retrieve the bailer slowly and smoothly.
• Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column.
• When the bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the
water column at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is
reached.
• Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one (1) foot
below the top of the water table so that water is removed
from the top of the water column.
• Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
Rev 4-08 25

• Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the same
rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has cleared to
top of the water column.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record the volume of the bailer.
• Continue to carefully lower and retrieve the bailer as
described above until the purging is considered complete,
based on either the removal of 3 well volumes.
• Remove at least one (1) well volume before collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Take each
subsequent set of measurements after removing at least one
quarter (1/4) well volume between measurements.
Groundwater Sampling Techniques
a.) Purge wells.
b.) Replace protective covering around the well if it is soiled or torn after completing
purging operations.
c.) Equipment Considerations
1. The following pumps are approved to collect volatile organic samples:
• Stainless steel and Teflon variable speed submersible
PUMPS
• Stainless steel and Teflon or polyethylene variable speed
bladder pumps
• Permanently installed PVC bodied pumps (As long as the
pump remains in contact with the water in the well at all
times)
2. Collect sample from the sampling device and store in sample container.
Do not use intermediate containers.
3. To avoid contamination or loss of analytes from the sample, handle
sampling equipment as little as possible and minimize equipment exposure
to the sample.
4. To reduce chances of cross -contamination, use dedicated equipment
whenever possible. "Dedicated" is defined as equipment that is to be used
solely for one location for the life of that equipment (e.g., permanently
mounted pump). Purchase dedicated equipment with the most sensitive
analyte of interest in mind.
• Clean or make sure dedicated pumps are clean before
installation. They do not need to be cleaned prior to each
use, but must be cleaned if they are withdrawn for repair or
servicing.
• Clean or make sure any permanently mounted tubing is
clean before installation.
• Change or clean tubing when the pump is withdrawn for
servicing.
• Clean any replaceable or temporary parts.
Rev 4-08 26

• Collect equipment blanks on dedicated pumping systems
when the tubing is cleaned or replaced.
• Clean or make sure dedicated bailers are clean before
placing them into the well.
• Collect an equipment blank on dedicated bailers before
introducing them into the water column.
• Suspend dedicated bailers above the water column if they
are stored in the well.
Sampling Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Sampling with Pumps — The following pumps may be used to sample for organics:
• Peristaltic pumps
• Stainless steel, Teflon or polyethylene bladder pumps
• Variable speed stainless steel and Teflon submersible
PUMPS
Peristaltic Pump
• Volatile Organics: One of three methods may be used.
■ Remove the drop tubing from the inlet side
of the pump; submerge the drop tubing into
the water column; prevent the water in the
tubing from flowing back into the well;
remove the drop tubing from the well;
carefully allow the groundwater to drain into
the sample vials; avoid turbulence; do not
aerate the sample; repeat steps until enough
vials are filled. OR
■ Use the pump to fill the drop tubing; quickly
remove the tubing from the pump; prevent
the water in the tubing from flowing back
into the well; remove the drop tubing from
the well; carefully allow the groundwater to
drain into the sample vials; avoid
turbulence; do not aerate the sample; repeat
steps until enough vials are filled. OR
■ Use the pump to fill the drop tubing;
withdraw the tubing from the well; reverse
the flow on the peristaltic pumps to deliver
the sample into the vials at a slow, steady
rate; repeat steps until enough vials are
filled.
Extractable Organics: If delivery tubing is not
polyethylene or PP, or is not Teflon lined, use pump and
vacuum trap method. Connect the outflow tubing from the
container to the influent side of the peristaltic pump. Turn
pump on and reduce flow until smooth and even. Discard a
Rev 4-08 27

small portion of the sample to allow for air space. Preserve
(if required), label, and complete field notes.
• Inorganic samples: These samples may be collected from
the effluent tubing. If samples are collected from the
pump, decontaminate all tubing (including the tubing in the
head) or change it between wells. Preserve (if required),
label, and complete field notes.
2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
If sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constructed of stainless steel and the valves and bladder
must be Teflon. All tubing must be Teflon, polyethylene,
or PP and any cabling must be sealed in Teflon,
polyethylene or PP, or made of stainless steel.
• After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
• When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible.
3. Variable Speed Submersible Pump
• The housing must be stainless steel.
If sampling for organics, the internal impellers, seals and
gaskets must be constructed of stainless steel, Teflon,
polyethylene or PP. The delivery tubing must be Teflon,
polyethylene or PP; the electrical cord must be sealed in
Teflon; any cabling must be sealed in Teflon or constructed
of stainless steel.
• After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
• When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible.
b.) Sampling with Bailers - A high degree of skill and coordination are necessary to
collect representative samples with a bailer.
1. General Considerations
• Minimize handling of bailer as much as possible.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Remove bailer from protective wrapping just before use.
• Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
• Use the lanyard to move and position the bailers.
• Do not allow bailer or lanyard to touch the ground.
• If bailer is certified precleaned, no rinsing is necessary.
• If both a pump and a bailer are to be used to collect
samples, rinse the exterior and interior of the bailer with
sample water from the pump before removing the pump.
• If the purge pump is not appropriate for collecting samples
(e.g., non -inert components), rinse the bailer by collecting a
single bailer of the groundwater to be sampled.
• Discard the water appropriately.
Rev 4-08 28

Do not rinse the bailer if Oil and Grease samples are to be
collected.
2. Bailing Technique
• Collect all samples that are required to be collected with a
pump before collecting samples with the bailer.
• Raise and lower the bailer gently to minimize stirring up
particulate matter in the well and the water column, which
can increase sample turbidity.
• Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column. When the
bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the water column
at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is reached.
• Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one foot below
the top of the water table, so that water is removed from the
top of the water column.
• Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
• Do not allow the bailer to touch the bottom of the well or
particulate matter will be incorporated into the sample.
Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the
same rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has
cleared to top of the water column.
• Lower the bailer to approximately the same depth each
time.
• Collect the sample. Install a device to control the flow
from the bottom of the bailer and discard the first few
inches of water. Fill the appropriate sample containers by
allowing the sample to slowly flow down the side of the
container. Discard the last few inches of water in the
bailer.
• Repeat steps for additional samples.
• As a final step measure the DO, pH, temperature, turbidity
and specific conductance after the final sample has been
collected. Record all measurements and note the time
that sampling was completed.
c.) Sampling Low Permeability Aquifers or Wells that have Purged D
1. Collect the sample(s) after the well has been purged. Minimize the amount
of water removed from the well by using the same pump to purge and
collect the sample. If the well has purged dry, collect samples as soon as
sufficient sample water is available.
2. Measure the five field parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen and turbidity at the time of sample collection.
3. Advise the analytical laboratory and the client that the usual amount of
sample for analysis may not be available.
Rev 4-08 29

Appendix D - Collecting Samples from Wells with
Plumbing in Place
In -place plumbing is generally considered permanent equipment routinely used for purposes
other than purging and sampling, such as for water supply.
a.) Air Strippers or Remedial Systems - These types of systems are installed as
remediation devices. Collect influent and effluent samples from air stripping units as
described below.
1. Remove any tubing from the sampling port and flush for one to two
minutes.
2. Remove all hoses, aerators and filters (if possible).
3. Open the spigot and purge sufficient volume to flush the spigot and lines
and until the purging completion criteria have been met.
4. Reduce the flow rate to approximately 500 mUminute (a 1/8" stream) or
approximately 0.1 gal/minute before collecting samples.
5. Follow procedures for collecting samples from water supply wells as
outlined below.
b.) Water Supply Wells — Water supply wells with in -place plumbing do not require
equipment to be brought to the well to purge and sample. Water supply wells at UST
facilities must be sampled for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile
compounds (SVOCs).
1. Procedures for Sampling Water Supply Wells
• Label sample containers prior to sample collection.
• Prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.;
before taking any samples so each collected sample can be
placed in a chilled environment immediately after
collection.
You must choose the tap closest to the well, preferably at
the wellhead. The tap must be before any holding or
pressurization tank, water softener, ion exchange,
disinfection process or before the water line enters the
residence, office or building. If no tap fits the above
conditions, a new tap that does must be installed.
The well pump must not be lubricated with oil, as that may
contaminate the samples.
The sampling tap must be protected from exterior
contamination associated with being too close to a sink
bottom or to the ground. If the tap is too close to the
ground for direct collection into the appropriate container,
it is acceptable to use a smaller (clean) container to transfer
the sample to a larger container.
Leaking taps that allow water to discharge from around the
valve stem handle and down the outside of the faucet, or
taps in which water tends to run up on the outside of the lip,
are to be avoided as sampling locations.
Rev 4-08 30

• Disconnect any hoses, filters, or aerators attached to the tap
before sampling.
• Do not sample from a tap close to a gas pump. The gas
fumes could contaminate the sample.
2. Collecting Volatile Organic Samples
• Equipment Needed: VOC sample vials [40 milliliters,
glass, may contain 3 to 4 drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
as preservative]; Disposable gloves and protective goggles;
Ice chest/cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic
bags, bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
• Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run water longer (purging
three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is located
directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the holding
tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where you will
take your sample. This will ensure that the water you
collect is "fresh" from the well and not ftom the holding
tank. After running the water for at least 15 minutes,
reduce the flow of water. The flow should be reduced to a
trickle but not so slow that it begins to drip. A smooth flow
of water will make collection easier and more accurate.
Remove the cap of a VOC vial and hold the vial under the
stream of water to fill it. Be careful not to spill any acid
that is in the vial. For best results use a low flow of water
and angle the vial slightly so that the water runs down the
inside of the vial. This will help keep the sample from
being agitated, aerated or splashed out of the vial. It will
also increase the accuracy of the sample. As the vial fills
and is almost full, turn the vial until it is straight up and
down so the water won't spill out. Fill the vial until the
water is just about to spill over the lip of the vial. The
surface of the water sample should become mounded. It is
a good idea not to overfill the vial, especially if an acid
preservative is present in the vial. Carefully replace and
screw the cap onto the vial. Some water may overflow as
the cap is put on. After the cap is secure, turn the vial
upside down and gently tap the vial to see if any bubbles
are present. If bubbles are present in the vial, remove the
cap, add more water and check again to see if bubbles are
present. Repeat as necessary. After two samples without
bubbles have been collected, the samples should be labeled
and prepared for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.
Rev 4-08 31

3. Collecting Extractable Organic and/or Metals Samples
• Equipment Needed: SVOC sample bottle [1 liter, amber
glass] and/or Metals sample bottle [0.5 liter, polyethylene
or glass, 5 milliliters of nitric acid (HNO3) preservative];
Disposable gloves and protective goggles; Ice
Chest/Cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic bags,
bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
• Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run the water longer
(purging three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is
located directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the
holding tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where
you will take your sample. This will ensure that the water
you collect is "fresh" from the well and not from the
holding tank. After running the water for at least 15
minutes, reduce the flow. Low water flow makes
collection easier and more accurate. Remove the cap of a
SVOC or metals bottle and hold it under the stream of
water to fill it. The bottle does not have to be completely
filled (i.e., you can leave an inch or so of headspace in the
bottle). After filling, screw on the cap, label the bottle and
prepare for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.
Rev 4-08 32

Appendix E - Collecting Surface Water Samples
The following topics include 1.) acceptable equipment selection and equipment construction
materials and 2.) standard grab, depth -specific and depth-composited surface water sampling
techniques.
Facilities which contain or border small rivers, streams or branches should include surface water
sampling as part of the monitoring program for each sampling event. A simple procedure for
selecting surface water monitoring sites is to locate a point on a stream where drainage leaves the
site. This provides detection of contamination through, and possibly downstream of, site via
discharge of surface waters. The sampling points selected should be downstream from any waste
areas. An upstream sample should be obtained in order to determine water quality upstream of
the influence of the site.
a.) General Cautions
1. When using watercraft take samples near the bow away and upwind from
any gasoline outboard engine. Orient watercraft so that bow is positioned
in the upstream direction.
2. When wading, collect samples upstream from the body. Avoid disturbing
sediments in the immediate area of sample collection.
3. Collect water samples prior to taking sediment samples when obtaining
both from the same area (site).
4. Unless dictated by permit, program or order, sampling at or near man-
made structures (e.g., dams, weirs or bridges) may not provide
representative data because of unnatural flow patterns.
5. Collect surface water samples from downstream towards upstream.
b.) Equipment and Supplies - Select equipment based on the analytes of interest, specific
use, and availability.
c.) Surface Water Sampling Techniques - Adhere to all general protocols applicable to
aqueous sampling when following the surface water sampling procedures addressed
below.
1. Manual Sampling: Use manual sampling for collecting grab samples for
immediate in -situ field analyses. Use manual sampling in lieu of
automatic equipment over extended periods of time for composite
sampling, especially when it is necessary to observe and/or note unusual
conditions.
• Surface Grab Samples - Do not use sample containers containing
premeasured amounts of preservatives to collect grab samples. If
the sample matrix is homogeneous, then the grab method is a
simple and effective technique for collection purposes. If
homogeneity is not apparent, based on flow or vertical variations
(and should never be assumed), then use other collection protocols.
Where practical, use the actual sample container submitted to the
laboratory for collecting samples to be analyzed for oil and grease,
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and microbiological samples.
This procedure eliminates the possibility of contaminating the
sample with an intermediate collection container. The use of
Rev 4-08 33

unpreserved sample containers as direct grab samplers is
encouraged since the same container can be submitted for
laboratory analysis after appropriate preservation. This procedure
reduces sample handling and eliminates potential contamination
from other sources (e.g., additional sampling equipment,
environment, etc.).
1. Grab directly into sample container.
2. Slowly submerge the container, opening neck first, into the
water.
3. Invert the bottle so the neck is upright and pointing towards
the direction of water flow (if applicable). Allow water to
run slowly into the container until filled.
4. Return the filled container quickly to the surface.
5. Pour out a few mL of sample away from and downstream
of the sampling location. This procedure allows for the
addition of preservatives and sample expansion. Do not
use this step for volatile organics or other analytes where
headspace is not allowed in the sample container.
6. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes. If sample containers are attached to a
pole via a clamp, submerge the container and follow steps 3
— 5 but omit steps I and 2.
• Sampling with an Intermediate Vessel or Container: If the sample
cannot be collected directly into the sample container to be
submitted to the laboratory, or if the laboratory provides
prepreserved sample containers, use an unpreserved sample
container or an intermediate vessel (e.g., beakers, buckets or
dippers) to obtain the sample. These vessels must be constructed
appropriately, including any poles or extension arms used to access
the sample location.
I. Rinse the intermediate vessel with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
2. Collect the sample as outlined above using the intermediate
vessel.
3. Use pole mounted containers of appropriate construction to
sample at distances away from shore, boat, etc. Follow the
protocols above to collect samples.
• Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach
polyethylene, Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is
not acceptable for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs.
Extractable organics can be collected through the pump if flexible
interior -wall Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump
head or if used with the organic trap setup.
Rev 4-08 34

1. Lower appropriately precleaned tubing to a depth of 6 — 12
inches below water surface, where possible.
2. Pump 3 — 5 tube volumes through the system to acclimate
the tubing before collecting the first sample.
3. Fill individual sample bottles via the discharge tubing. Be
careful not to remove the inlet tubing from the water.
4. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes.
Mid -Depth Grab Samples: Mid -depth samples or samples taken at
a specific depth can approximate the conditions throughout the
entire water column. The equipment that may be used for this type
of sampling consists of the following depth -specific sampling
devices: Kemmerer, Niskin, Van Dorn type, etc. You may also
use pumps with tubing or double check -valve bailers. Certain
construction material details may preclude its use for certain
analytes. Many Kemmerer samplers are constructed of plastic and
rubber that preclude their use for all volatile and extractable
organic sampling. Some newer devices are constructed of stainless
steel or are all Teflon or Teflon -coated. These are acceptable for
all analyte groups without restriction.
1. Measure the water column to determine maximum depth
and sampling depth prior to lowering the sampling device.
2. Mark the line attached to the sampler with depth
increments so that the sampling depth can be accurately
recorded.
3. Lower the sampler slowly to the appropriate sampling
depth, taking care not to disturb the sediments.
4. At the desired depth, send the messenger weight down to
trip the closure mechanism.
5. Retrieve the sampler slowly.
6. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample. Discard rinsate
away from and downstream of the sampling location.
7. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Double Check -Valve Bailers: Collect samples using double check -
valve bailers if the data requirements do not necessitate a sample
from a strictly discrete interval of the water column. Bailers with
an upper and lower check -valve can be lowered through the water
column. Water will continually be displaced through the bailer
until the desired depth is reached, at which point the bailer is
retrieved. Sampling with this type of bailer must follow the same
protocols outlined above, except that a messenger weight is not
applicable. Although not designed specifically for this kind of
sampling, a bailer is acceptable when a mid -depth sample is
required
Rev 4-08 35

1. As the bailer is dropped through the water column, water is
displaced through the body of the bailer. The degree of
displacement depends upon the check -valve ball movement
to allow water to flow freely through the bailer body.
2. Slowly lower the bailer to the appropriate depth. Upon
retrieval, the two check valves seat, preventing water from
escaping or entering the bailer.
3. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.
Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach HDPE,
Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is not acceptable
for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs. Extractable organics can
be collected through the pump if flexible interior -wall Teflon,
polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump head, or if used with
an organic trap setup.
1. Measure the water column to determine the maximum
depth and the sampling depth.
2. Tubing will need to be tied to a stiff pole or be weighted
down so the tubing placement will be secure. Do not use a
lead weight. Any dense, non -contaminating, non -
interfering material will work (brick, stainless steel weight,
etc.). Tie the weight with a lanyard (braided or
monofilament nylon, etc.) so that it is located below the
inlet of the tubing.
3. Turn the pump on and allow several tubing volumes of
water to be discharged before collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.
Rev 4-08 36

APPENDIX E
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form
and
14-Day Notification of Groundwater Protection Standard Exceedance Form

HYENR USE ONLY []Paper Report ❑Electronic Data - Email CD (data loaded: Yes / No) Doc/Event #:
NC DENR ' ' Environmental Monitoring
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Reporting Form
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed NC 2L groundwater standards or NC 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off -site source, pre-existing
condition, etc.).
Attach a notification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed the reporting limits.
Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(i).
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDENR-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
Joyce Engineering (a division of LaBella Associates)
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: G. Van Ness Burbach, Ph.D., P.G. Phone: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
NC Landfill Rule: Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # (.0500 or. 1600) October 20-24, 2006)
Oxford Landfill Unit 1 6584 Landfill Rd. 3901- .1600
Oxford, NC 27565 CDLF-1997
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
Initial/Background Monitoring ❑ Detection Monitoring Assessment Monitoring QX Corrective Action
of data submitted: (Check all that apply)
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells Methane gas monitoring data
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells 0 Corrective action data (specify)
Leachate monitoring data ❑
Surface water monitoring data Other(specify)
MNA Parameters
Notification attached?
e No. No groundwater or surface water standards were exceeded.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding a groundwater or surface water standard is attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC 2B surface water standard or NC Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of any concentration.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It includes the methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values and explosive methane gas limits.
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
G. VanNess Burbach, Ph.D., PG Technical Consultant [phone]
Facility Representative Name (Print) Title (Area Code) Telephone Nu
Affix NC Licensed/ Professional Geologist Seal
Signature Date
2211 W. Meadowview Rd., Ste. 101 Greensboro, NC 27407
Facility Representative Address
C-0782
NC PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
Revised 6/2009

NC DEQ 14-Day Notification of Groundwater
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Protection Standard Exceedance(s)
per rule: 15A NCAC 136.1633(c)(1)
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).
Instructions:
Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
Please type or print legibly.
Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed applicable groundwater protection standards.
Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDEQ-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.
Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):
Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Phone:
E-mail:
Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit # October 20-24, 2006)
Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
❑ Initial/Background Monitoring ❑ Detection Monitoring ❑ Assessment Monitoring ❑ Corrective Action
Additional Information:
❑ A notification of values exceeding a groundwater protection standard as defined in 15A NCAC 13B .1634(g)(h) is attached. It includes a list of
groundwater monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC Solid Waste GWPS and preliminary analysis of the
cause and significance of any concentration.
❑ A re -sampling event was conducted to confirm the exceedances.
❑ Alternate Source Demonstration(s) have been approved for the following constituents with report date:
Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.
Facility Representative Name (Print)
Signature
Facility Representative Address
Title
NC PG/PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)
Revised 6/2016
Date
(Area Code) Telephone Number
Affix NC Licensed/Professional Geologist or Professional
Engineer Seal

Waste Management
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
September 9, 2016
MEMORANDUM
PAT MCCRORY
Governor
DONALD R. VAN DER VAART
Secretary
MICHAEL SCOTT
Director
To: Solid Waste Directors, Public Works Directors, Landfill Operators, and
Landfill Owners
From: The Solid Waste Section
Reference: Guidelines for 14-Day Notification of Groundwater Exceedances Form
Submittal per rule: 15A NCAC 13B .1633(c)(1)
• The 14-day notification form should be submitted whenever a groundwater
protection standard (GWPS) is exceeded for the first time.
o As defined in 13B .1634(g)(h), a GWPS will be either of the following: the 2L
standard (most cases); 2L Interim Maximum Allowable Concentration; a
groundwater protection standard calculated by the SWS; or a site -specific
statistical background level approved by the SWS.
• If a facility is undergoing assessment or corrective action, the 14-day notification
form should be submitted ONLY when the constituent with the reported
exceedance is not being addressed through assessment or corrective action.
• If a facility plans to conduct a re -sampling event to confirm the initial
exceedance, the 14-day notification form should be submitted .ONLY. when the
re -sampling event analytical data confirms the initial exceedance.
State of North Carolina I Environmental Quality I Waste Management
1646 Mail Service Center 1217 West Jones Street I Raleigh, NC 27699-1646
919 707 8200 T

NCDWM Solid Waste Section
14-Day Notification of GWPS Exceedances Flowchart
[per Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1633(c)(1)]
No 14-Day
Notification
STOP
/ Is Facility
Groundwater Currently in
Protection Assessment 7
� YES
Standard YES or Corrective
Exceedance* Action?
No
No '<
Does
Verification
Sampling
Confirm GWPS
Exceedance(s)?
I
YES
NOTE:
*GWPS = see Rule 15A NCAC 13B .1634(g)(h)
No
Will verification
resampling &
Analysis be
conducted?
No
Submit 14-Day
Notification Form to
SWS
Is Assessment or
CA addressing the
Constituent w/
current
exceedance
value(s)?
No 14-Day
Notification
STOP
Proceed with
Alternative Source
Demonstration
(ASD) or
Assessment
YES
August 2016