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HomeMy WebLinkAbout4117_A1SandrockCDLF_PTC_app_revised_FID1261517_201812141 Garrett, David From:Chao, Ming-tai <ming.chao@ncdenr.gov> Sent:Friday, November 2, 2018 10:49 AM To:Garrett, David Cc:ronniepetty@a1sandrockinc.com; Ritter, Christine; Aja, Deborah Subject:Comments on the PTC application Phase 3, A1 Sandrock CDLF, 41-17 Attachments:image003.emz Hi David: I review the engineering portions of the revised PTC Application for Phase 3 (FID 1256891) received on 10/18/2018 and have several comments on the application below: FID 1257537 1. (Section 1.2.1 & Drawing S2) What are material or recyclable stored in the Temporary Storage A through E as shown on Drawing S2? The Section 1.2.1 should provide the descriptions of each storage area including, but not limited to, the waste streams or products, maximum storage volume and extent, leachate prevention (for waste) and BMPs for diverting stormwater/run-on or run-off, etc. A summary table listing the extent (in acreage) and volume (in cubic yard) of each storage area and potentially stored material or recyclable (because the recyclable is moving around as described in the Section) will be acceptable. 2. (Sections 1.2.2 & 1.3.2) i. The Phase 3 operational sequence includes 3A, 3B, & 3C as described in Table 1B of the Section 1.3.2 which is inconsistent with the descriptions in Section 1.2.2. Please clarify. ii. In Section 1.2.2, the proposed excavation will be up to 15 feet to reach the proposed base grade for Phase 3 is likely inconsistent with the maximum cutting depth as shown on Drawing No, X2 (referring the excavation depth around Boring B-33). Please clarify. 3. (Table 1B and Drawing No. S1) i. The capacities of the Phases 3 & 4 and the gross capacity are inconsistent as shown Table 1B and those described in Drawing No. S1. ii. Should the capacities shown on Drawing No, S1 be correct, the various volumes stated in Sections 1.3.2, 1.3.4, 8.2.2 including operating capacity for each phase or sub-phase, operational & final soil cover, etc. must be recalculated accordingly. 4. (Section 2.4.4) The descriptions in this section are inconsistent with Drawing Nos. EC1 through EC3. Please clarify. 2 5. (Sections 4.1.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.9.1, 5.13, 5.9.1, 6.4.2, 7.1.1, 7.3.5, & 8.2.4) Change NCDENR to NCDEQ. Please correct the typos. 6. (Section 5.4.1) In Section 5.4.1 states that recyclable is processed and stored in containers within Phase 1 footprints. This statement is inconsistent with that in Section 1.2.1 regarding temporarily storage areas being located outside C&DLF footprints. Please clarify. 7. (Section 6.4.6) Why the maximum volume of EACH unprocessed (raw material or waste) and processed material stockpiles shall be 1200 CY? In Section 6.4.7, 6,000 CY is the maximum volume for either wood/LCID wastes or inert debris –concrete/aggregate. 8. (Section 6.4.7) The content of maximum volume of unprocessed inert debris is confusion. The maximum volume of “unprocessed inert debris” is proposing of 6,000 CY, but the note “*’ indicates the inert debris excludes concrete, rock, and soil. So please define this “unprocessed inert debris” which can be temporarily stored on site up to 6,000 CY. 9. (Table 6A) No sludge (including those generated from a wastewater treatment plant) can be received at the Processing Facility. Please make a correction. 10. (Section 8.1.2) The minimum frequency/density for gas vent is three vents per acre as described in this Section. For the closed landfill cap encompasses 25.5 acres, the number of vents will be up to 77 vents, but 33 vents (less than half of the expected number of vents) are proposing and shown on Drawing No. EC5, and 66 vents is included in the cost estimate for site closure. Please provide a consistent number of vents to be installed over the closure cap. The Drawing No. EC5, Table 8A & Section 10 may be also subject to revision based on the correct number of gas vents. 11. (Table 8C) 12 perimeter gas probes shall be sampled/monitored quarterly each year. Unit cost per probe sampling is $500.00 as shown in the cost table, and the annual cost shall be $24,000.00, not $12,000. Provide the revised cost estimates in Table 8C & Section 10. 12. (Section 9.2) Per 15A NCAC 13B .0545, the assessment monitoring program at A-1 Sandrock C&DLF is required due to exceedance of constituent(s) of concern being detected in water quality monitoring events. Please revise the Water Quality Monitoring Program by adding the required assessment monitoring program to this Section. 3 13. (Sections 9.2.1 & 9.3) The Drawing No. M1, not MP1, shows the monitoring locations. The monitoring network on Drawing No. M1 covers C&DLF – Phases 1 through 4, not Phases 1 & 2. Please make necessary corrections. 14. (Drawing No. X2) On Cross Section G-G’ the vertical distance around boring B-33, Station 925 to 1075, between the Estimated Long-Term Seasonal High-Water Level and the Adjusted Base Grade of the landfill Phase 3 is likely much less than 4-feet. Please contact myself, if you have any questions on the comments. Ming-Tai, Chao Environmental Engineer, Solid Waste Section Division of Waste Management North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality 919.707-8251 (Office) Ming.Chao@ncdenr.gov CONTENTS A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page i OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. vii  OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION .................................................................................... viii  SITE LOCATION DATA ............................................................................................................ viii  1.0 FACILITY PLAN 1.1 Regulatory Summary ........................................................................................................ 10  1.2 Facility Drawings ............................................................................................................. 10  1.2.1 Facility Layout .................................................................................................... 10  1.2.2 Operational Sequence .......................................................................................... 10  1.3 Facility Report .................................................................................................................. 11  1.3.1 Waste Stream ....................................................................................................... 11  1.3.2 Landfill Capacity ................................................................................................. 11  1.3.3 Special Engineering Features .............................................................................. 14  1.3.4 Soil Volume Analysis .......................................................................................... 14  1.4 Processing and Temporary Storage Areas ........................................................................ 15  2.0 ENGINEERING REPORT 2.1 Engineering Report ........................................................................................................... 16  2.1.1 Analytical Methods ............................................................................................. 16  2.1.2 Identified Critical Conditions .............................................................................. 16  2.1.3 Technical References .......................................................................................... 18  2.1.4 Location Restriction Demonstrations .................................................................. 18  2.2 Construction Materials and Practices ............................................................................... 18  2.3 Design Hydrogeologic Report .......................................................................................... 19  2.4 Engineering Drawings ...................................................................................................... 19  2.4.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................................. 19  2.4.2 Grading Plan ........................................................................................................ 19  2.4.3  Stormwater Segregation ..................................................................................... 19  2.4.4 Final Cap System ................................................................................................ 19  2.4.5 Temporary and Permanent E&SC ....................................................................... 19  2.4.6 Vertical Separation .............................................................................................. 20  2.4.7 Other Features ..................................................................................................... 20  2.5 Specific Engineering Calculations ................................................................................... 20  2.5.1 Settlement ............................................................................................................ 20  2.5.2 Slope Stability ..................................................................................................... 21  2.5.2.1 Deep-seated stability ........................................................................... 22  2.5.2.2 Veneer Stability .................................................................................. 23  2.5.3 Final Slope Ratios ............................................................................................... 25  3.0 CONTRUCTION PLAN   3.1 Horizontal Separation ....................................................................................................... 26  3.1.1 Property Lines ..................................................................................................... 26  3.1.2 Residences and Wells .......................................................................................... 26  3.1.3 Surface Waters .................................................................................................... 26  3.1.4 Existing Landfill Units ........................................................................................ 26  3.2 Vertical Separation ........................................................................................................... 26  3.2.1 Settlement ............................................................................................................ 26  3.2.2 Soil Consistency .................................................................................................. 26  3.3 Survey Control Benchmarks ............................................................................................ 27  3.4 Location Coordinates ....................................................................................................... 27  3.5 Landfill Subgrade ............................................................................................................. 27  CONTENTS A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page ii 3.5.1 Subgrade Inspection Requirement ....................................................................... 27  3.5.2 Division Notification ........................................................................................... 28  3.5.3 Vertical Separation Compliance .......................................................................... 28  3.6 Special Engineering Features ........................................................................................... 28  3.7 Sedimentation and Erosion Control .................................................................................. 28  4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN 4.1 General Provisions ........................................................................................................... 29  4.1.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................... 29  4.1.1.1 Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) ............................................. 29  4.1.1.2 Construction Quality Control (CQC) .................................................. 29  4.1.1.3 CQA Certification Document ............................................................. 30  4.1.1.4 Discrepancies Between Documents .................................................... 30  4.1.2 Responsibilities and Authorities .......................................................................... 30  4.1.2.1 Owner .................................................................................................. 30  4.1.2.2 Engineer .............................................................................................. 30  4.1.2.3 Contractor ........................................................................................... 31  4.1.2.4 CQA Testing Firm .............................................................................. 31  4.1.3 Control vs. Records Testing ................................................................................ 31  4.1.3.1 Control Testing ................................................................................... 31  4.1.3.2 Record Testing .................................................................................... 31  4.1.4 Modifications and Amendment ........................................................................... 32  4.1.5 Miscellaneous ...................................................................................................... 32  4.1.5.1 Units .................................................................................................... 32  4.1.5.2 References ........................................................................................... 32  4.2 CQA Plan ......................................................................................................................... 32  4.2.1 Responsibilities and Authorities .......................................................................... 32  4.2.1.1 Compaction Criteria ............................................................................ 32  4.2.1.2 Testing Criteria ................................................................................... 33  4.2.1.3 Material Evaluation ............................................................................. 33  4.2.1.4 Subgrade Approval ............................................................................. 33  4.2.2 General Earthwork Construction ......................................................................... 34  4.2.2.1 Construction Monitoring ..................................................................... 34  4.2.2.2 Control Tests ....................................................................................... 34  4.2.2.3 Record Tests ........................................................................................ 34  4.2.2.4 Record Test Failure ............................................................................. 34  4.2.2.5 Judgment Testing ................................................................................ 35  4.2.2.6 Deficiencies ......................................................................................... 35  4.2.3 Inspection Activities ............................................................................................ 35  4.2.3.1 Material Approval ............................................................................... 35  4.2.3.2 Final Cover Systems Installation ........................................................ 37  4.2.3.3 Deficiencies ......................................................................................... 37  4.3 CQA Meetings .................................................................................................................. 37  4.3.1 Project Initiation CQA Meeting .......................................................................... 37  4.3.2 CQA Progress Meetings ...................................................................................... 38  4.3.3 Problem or Work Deficiency Meetings ............................................................... 38  4.4 Documentation and Reporting .......................................................................................... 38  4.4.1 Periodic CQA Reports ......................................................................................... 39  4.4.2 CQA Progress Reports ........................................................................................ 40  4.4.3 CQA Photographic Reporting ............................................................................. 40  4.4.4 Documentation of Deficiencies ........................................................................... 41  4.4.5 Design or Specification Changes ........................................................................ 41  CONTENTS A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page iii 4.5 Final CQA Report ............................................................................................................ 41  4.6 Storage of Records ........................................................................................................... 42  4.7 Protection of Finished Surfaces ........................................................................................ 43  5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN  5.1 General Conditions ........................................................................................................... 48  5.1.1 Facility Description ............................................................................................. 48  5.1.2 Location and Surroundings ................................................................................. 48  5.1.3 Geographic Service Area ..................................................................................... 48  5.1.4 Hours of Operation .............................................................................................. 49  5.1.5 Hours of Operation .............................................................................................. 49  5.2 Contact Information ......................................................................................................... 49  5.2.1 Emergencies ........................................................................................................ 49  5.2.2 A-1 Sandrock Administrative Offices ................................................................. 49 5.2.3 North Carolina DEQ (Winston-Salem Regional Office) ...................................... 49 5.3 Permitted Activities .......................................................................................................... 50  5.4 Description of Facilities ................................................................................................... 51  5.4.1 Processing Facility .............................................................................................. 51  5.4.2 CDLF (Phase 1) ................................................................................................... 51  5.5 Facility Drawings ............................................................................................................. 52  5.6 Staff Responsibilities ........................................................................................................ 52  5.7 Inspections and Maintenance ........................................................................................... 53  5.8 Access Control ................................................................................................................. 54  5.8.1 Physical Restraints .............................................................................................. 54  5.8.2 Security ................................................................................................................ 54  5.8.3 All-Weather Access ............................................................................................. 54  5.8.4 Traffic .................................................................................................................. 54  5.8.5 Anti-Scavenging Policy ....................................................................................... 54  5.8.6 Signage ................................................................................................................ 55  5.8.7 Communications .................................................................................................. 55  5.9 Fire and Safety.................................................................................................................. 55  5.9.1 Fire Control ......................................................................................................... 55  5.9.2 Personal Safety .................................................................................................... 56  5.10 Other Regulatory Requirements ....................................................................................... 56  5.10.1 Sedimentation and Erosion Control .................................................................... 56  5.10.2 Water Quality (Storm Water) Protection ............................................................. 57  5.11 Miscellaneous Requirements ............................................................................................ 57  5.11.1 Minimizing Surface Water Contact ..................................................................... 57  5.11.2 Processing Facility Operation over the CDLF .................................................... 58  5.11.3 Equipment Maintenance ...................................................................................... 58  5.11.4 Utilities ................................................................................................................ 59  5.11.5 Vector Control ..................................................................................................... 59  5.11.6 Air Quality Criteria ............................................................................................. 59  5.11.7 Litter Control ....................................................................................................... 60  5.12 Operating Record ............................................................................................................. 60  5.13 Annual Report .................................................................................................................. 61  5.14 Contingency Plan ............................................................................................................. 62  5.14.1 Hot Loads Contingency ....................................................................................... 62  5.14.2 Hazardous Waste Contingency ........................................................................... 62  5.14.3 Severe Weather Contingency .............................................................................. 63  5.14.3.1 Ice Storms ........................................................................................... 63  5.14.3.2 Heavy Rains ........................................................................................ 63  CONTENTS A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page iv 5.14.3.3 Electrical Storms ................................................................................. 63  5.14.3.4 Windy Conditions ............................................................................... 64  5.14.3.5 Violent Storms .................................................................................... 64  6.0 PROCESING FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN 6.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 65  6.2 Acceptable Wastes ........................................................................................................... 65  6.3 Prohibited Wastes ............................................................................................................. 65  6.4 Waste Processing .............................................................................................................. 65  6.4.1 Waste Receiving and Screening .......................................................................... 66  6.4.2 LCID Processing ................................................................................................. 67  6.4.3 C&D Processing .................................................................................................. 67  6.4.4 Disposal of Rejected Wastes ............................................................................... 67  6.4.5 Processing of Finished Goods ............................................................................. 68  6.4.6 Non-Processed Material Storage ......................................................................... 69  6.4.7 Processed Material Storage ................................................................................. 69  6.4.8 Asphalt Shingling Storage for Recycling ............................................................ 70  6.5 Contingency Plan ............................................................................................................. 70  6.6 Annual Reporting ............................................................................................................. 70  7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN 7.1 Waste Acceptance Criteria ............................................................................................... 72  7.1.1 Permitted Wastes ................................................................................................. 72  7.1.2 Asbestos .............................................................................................................. 72  7.1.3 Wastewater Treatment Sludge ............................................................................. 72  7.2 Waste Exclusions ............................................................................................................. 72  7.3 Waste Handling Procedures ............................................................................................. 73  7.3.1 Waste Receiving and Inspection ......................................................................... 73  7.3.2 Disposal of Rejected Wastes ............................................................................... 74  7.3.3 Waste Disposal Procedures ................................................................................. 74  7.3.4 Spreading and Compaction ................................................................................. 75  7.3.5 Special Wastes: Asbestos Management ............................................................. 76  7.4 Cover Material .................................................................................................................. 76  7.4.1 Periodic Cover ..................................................................................................... 76  7.4.2 Interim Cover ...................................................................................................... 77  7.4.3 Final Cover .......................................................................................................... 77  7.5 Survey for Compliance ..................................................................................................... 78  7.5.1 Height Monitoring ............................................................................................... 78  7.5.2 Annual Survey ..................................................................................................... 79  7.6 Contingency Plan ............................................................................................................. 79  7.7 Annual Reporting ............................................................................................................. 79  8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN 8.1 Summary of Regulatory Requirements ............................................................................ 82  8.1.1 Final Cap ............................................................................................................. 82  8.1.2 Construction Requirements ................................................................................. 82  8.1.3 Alternative Cap Design ....................................................................................... 82  8.1.4 Division Notifications ......................................................................................... 82  8.1.5 Required Closure Schedule ................................................................................. 83  8.1.6 Recordation ......................................................................................................... 83  8.2 Closure Plan ..................................................................................................................... 83  8.2.1 Final Cap Installation .......................................................................................... 83  CONTENTS A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page v 8.2.1.1 Final Elevations .................................................................................. 83  8.2.1.2 Final Slope Ratios ............................................................................... 83  8.2.1.3 Final Cover Section ............................................................................. 84  8.2.1.4 Final Cover Installation ....................................................................... 84  8.2.1.5 Final Cover Vegetation ....................................................................... 85  8.2.1.6 Documentation .................................................................................... 86  8.2.2 Maximum Area/Volume Subject to Closure ....................................................... 86  8.2.3 Closure Schedule ................................................................................................. 86  8.2.4 Closure Cost Estimate ......................................................................................... 86  8.3 Post-Closure Plan ............................................................................................................. 88  8.3.1 Monitoring and Maintenance .............................................................................. 88  8.3.1.1 Term of Post-Closure Care ................................................................. 88  8.3.1.2 Maintenance of Closure Systems ........................................................ 88  8.3.1.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring ..................................................................... 88  8.3.1.4 Ground Water Monitoring .................................................................. 89  8.3.1.5 Record Keeping................................................................................... 89  8.3.1.6 Certification of Completion ................................................................ 89  8.3.2 Responsible Party Contact ................................................................................... 91  8.3.3 Planned Uses of Property .................................................................................... 91  8.3.4 Post-Closure Cost Estimate ................................................................................. 91  9.0 FACILITY MONITORING PLAN 9.1 Summary of Regulatory Requirements ............................................................................ 92  9.2 Ground Water Monitoring ................................................................................................ 92  9.2.1 Monitoring System Requirements ....................................................................... 93  9.2.2 Background Water Quality .................................................................................. 94  9.2.3 Point of Compliance Water Quality .................................................................... 94  9.2.4 Sampling and Analysis Procedures ..................................................................... 94  9.2.5 Detection-phase Monitoring Parameters ............................................................. 94  9.2.6 Sampling Frequency ............................................................................................ 94  9.2.7 Water Level Elevations ....................................................................................... 94  9.2.8 Reporting ............................................................................................................. 94  9.2.9 Source Demonstration ......................................................................................... 95  9.2.10 Monitoring Well Design ...................................................................................... 95  9.2.11 Monitoring Well Layout ...................................................................................... 95  9.2.12 Alternative Monitoring Systems ......................................................................... 95  9.2.13 Assessment Monitoring ....................................................................................... 95  9.3 Surface Water Monitoring ................................................................................................ 96  9.4 Landfill Gas Monitoring and Control Plan ....................................................................... 96  9.5 Adherence to Waste Acceptance ...................................................................................... 96  9.6 Plan Preparation and Certification.................................................................................... 96  10.0 FINANCIAL ASSURANCE ......................................................................................................... 92 11.0 CERTIFICATION ......................................................................................................................... 92 CONTENTS A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page vi TABLES Refer to the in-text tables referenced by page number 1A Waste Density Calculations ............................................................................................... 12 1B Capacity Projections .......................................................................................................... 13 1C Borrow Soil Resources ...................................................................................................... 14 1D Soil Volume Analysis ........................................................................................................ 14 2A Design Soil Properties ....................................................................................................... 23 2B Seismic Analysis ............................................................................................................... 23 3A Benchmark Data ................................................................................................................ 27 3B Site Center Coordinates ..................................................................................................... 27 4A CQA Testing Schedule for General Earthwork ................................................................. 44 4B CQA Testing Schedule for Drainage and Final Cover ..................................................... 45 4C CQA Testing Schedule for Compacted Soil Barrier ........................................................ 46 4D Reference List of ASTM Test Methods ........................................................................... 47 6A Prohibited Waste at the Processing Facility ..................................................................... 71 7A Prohibited Waste at the CDLF Unit ................................................................................. 80 8A.1 Estimated Final Closure Costs for Phase 1 – 4 ................................................................. 87 8A.2 Annual Inflation Multipliers .............................................................................................. 87 8B Post-Closure Monitoring and Maintenance Schedule ...................................................... 90 8C Estimated Post-Closure Costs for Phase 1 – 4 ................................................................... 91 10A Summary of Closure and Post-Closure Costs ................................................................... 97 DRAWINGS Refer to tabbed section APPENDICES 1 Property Description, Title and Franchise Amendment (Guilford County records) 2 Stability, Settlement and Volume Calculations 3 Sedimentation and Erosion Control Calculations 4 Operation Plan Information 4A Waste Screening Form 4B Fire Notification Form 4C Hazardous Waste Responders 4D Asphalt Shingles Recycling 5 Ground Water Monitoring Plan 6 Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan 7 Design Hydrogeologic Investigation OVERVIEW A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page vii This Facility Plan update was prepared in accordance with North Carolina Solid Waste Rules 15A NCAC 13B .0531, et seq., in conjunction with a Permit to Construct (PTC) application for Phase 3 of Permit 4117-CDLF-2008. This work modifies the existing permit, which was renewed in August 2015 (Phase 2A) and August 2017 (Phase 2B). The Facility requires additional disposal capacity and desires to construct and operate Phase 3 within the permitted footprint, contiguous with Phases 1 and 2. At present, portions of Phases 1 and 2 are approaching interim bench grades. Side slopes have been covered with a vegetated interim soil cover. No areas have received final cover and been certified closed at present. Phase 3 is anticipated to extend the airspace through the next 5-year cycle. Phase 3 will be developed in two stages, Phase 3A to the north and Phase 3B to the south. A stockpile of soil presently occupies the Phase 3B footprint. Earlier site studies include a Site Suitability study and design hydrogeologic evaluations for Phases 1 and 2. NCDEQ-approved Erosion and Sedimentation (E&S) control measures are in place and appear to be functioning as planned. The Water Quality Monitoring Plan and Landfill Gas Monitoring Plans have been updated to incorporate new regulatory requirements. There are no known adverse conditions attributable to the landfill indicated by the monitoring programs. Pending approval of this Permit to Construct, a future application for a Permit to Operate will be submitted, including CQA documentation. The C&D Landfill is the reclamation stage of a former mining operation (North Carolina Mining Permit #41-22). Mining activities have now ceased except for the reclamation. The facility was developed in three contiguous stages (Phases 1, 2 and 3) that correspond to the three ground disturbing phases of the CDLF footprint, with targeted base grades that meet the regulatory minimum vertical buffer requirements. A permitted fourth phase of the CDLF (Phase 4) is a vertical expansion over the first three phases. The facility is permitted to accept up to 300 tons per day of C&D and LCID debris as defined in the solid waste rules. Recycling of certain portions of the waste stream are conducted at the working face and inactive areas within the footprint. Waste intake has been variable due to regional economic conditions. The service area is defined as all counties within and touching a 50-mile radius. The Franchise Agreement with Guilford County requires recycling a minimum 10 percent of the waste stream. This document includes an updated Closure/Post-Closure Plan and Financial Assurance calculations, which have been updated from that submitted in 2017 to reflect the increased footprint and the 2018 inflation factor of 1.018 furnished by NCDEQ Division of Waste Management (the “Division”), Solid Waste Section (the “Section”). OVERVIEW A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page viii This document updates the modified 2015 application and supersedes all previous versions. Within this document are the following updates, prepared in accordance with Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0535:  A Facility Plan prepared in accordance with Rule .0537  An Engineering Plan prepared in accordance with Rule .0539  An Operation Plan prepared in accordance with Rule .0542  A Closure and Post-Closure Plan prepared in accordance with Rule .0543, which incorporates a Construction Quality Assurance Plan as required by Rules .0543 and .0541  A Monitoring Plan prepared in accordance with Rule .0544. OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION Mr. R.E. ‘Gene’ Petty, Sr. – Owner/Operator Mr. Ronnie E. Petty, III – Operator/Operator A-1 Sandrock, Inc. 2091 Bishop Road Greensboro, NC 27406 Tel. 336-855-8195 SITE LOCATION DATA LATITUDE 35.98745 N LONGITUDE -79.84639 E PARCEL NUMBER 12-03-0185-0-0739-W-007 Deed Date 1/17/1996 Guilford County, NC Deed Book 4378 Deed Page 0198 Plat Book 149 Plat Page 93 OVERVIEW A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page ix Figure 1 – Surrounding Properties (Guilford County GIS) 1.0 CDLF FACILITY PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0537) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 10/15/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 10 1.1 Regulatory Summary 15A NCAC 13B .0531 et seq. require a comprehensive facility plan that identifies future development in phases and sub-phases that correspond approximately to 5-year operational capacities. The facility plan must identify and show all relevant permitted Solid Waste units and activities conducted (or proposed) at the site. The grading plan requirements emphasize vertical separation and minimum subgrade soil type requirements. The Phase 3 base grades meet or exceed the 4-foot minimum vertical separation requirement to groundwater and bedrock; thus, no liner or leachate collection system is required under these rules. Subgrade soil types that will be exposed via excavation and used in the compacted fill sections are anticipated to exhibit a mix of finer soil types, e.g., ML, MH, CL, CH, SM and mixed SM-ML classifications. Because of this, subgrade permeability is expected to be relatively low providing the soils are reworked and compacted (see Section 3.2.2). 1.2 Facility Drawings 1.2.1 Facility Layout Drawing S1 shows the Facility Plan with approved phasing and updated volume estimates. The C&D recycling activities take place within the approved CDLF footprint, which are moved around as needed to remain near the working face. Current temporary storage areas outside the CDLF footprint are shown near the scale house, north of an unnamed tributary. Temporary storage areas will be developed to the southeast of the footprint. Drawings E1 and E2 depict current conditions and base grades for Phase 3. Drawings E3 through E5 show interim operational grades (top of waste) for Phase 3, which were used in volume calculations. Drawing E6 show permitted final grades (top of waste) for Phase 4, consistent with the original permitting. Drawing EC1 shows erosion control measures for the final cover, also consistent with the original permitting. Construction details are depicted in Drawings EC2 through EC5. Hydrogeologic cross sections are presented in Drawings X1 and X2. Locations for groundwater and landfill gas monitoring are depicted in Drawing M1. 1.2.2 Operational Sequence Phase 3 is being developed in the western third (approximately) of the CDLF footprint. Grading for this phase involves removing stockpiled fill soil (remnant from earlier construction) and making grade cuts in the range of 10 to 15 feet (±) in depth, to reach the approved base grades. The operational sequence for Phase 3 is shown as three sub-phases, 3A to the north, 3B to the 1.0 CDLF FACILITY PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0537) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 11 south, and 3C as an overlay to bring the upper surfaces to approximately El. 840. A center berm and ditches will be used to separate drainage from north to south. Fill operations will progress from north to south, i.e. from high ground toward low ground, to maintain the drainage pattern. Operational cover will be used to minimize water from contacting the waste. Interim side slopes will be maintained at 3H:1V while upper surfaces will be graded at approximately 2% to 5% slopes. Exterior slopes will be closed in increments as the slopes come to grade. Interim cover will be placed on exterior slopes until approximately 10 acres of slope is reached, followed by final cover. Operational procedures are discussed in Sections 5.0 – 7.0. 1.3 Facility Report 1.3.1 Waste Stream The following data is updated from the original (2002) Facility Report with data furnished to Guilford County in 2018 renegotiation of the Franchise Agreement and the (2017) Facility Report. Supporting data, e.g., population and growth projection, are presented in Appendix 1. The geographic area to be served by the franchisee may include the following counties within (and touching) a fifty-mile radius from the site: Guilford, Randolph, Rockingham, Alamance, Forsyth, Davidson, Stokes, Surry, Yadkin, Caswell, Person, Orange, Durham, Chatham, Moore, Montgomery, Stanley, Rowan, Cabarrus, Lee and Davie. The bulk of the wastes are expected to be derived from an 8-county region bordering Guilford County. The annual waste intake is anticipated to vary from 60,000 to 80,000 tons per year – a daily intake up to 300 tons per day – 10% of the waste stream will be recycled. The facility will accept C&D and LCID waste (see Section 7.1). 1.3.2 Landfill Capacity A volumetric analysis originally performed in 2002 using an AutoCAD Digital Terrain Model (DTM) was recently confirmed using the method of slices. Based on the grading plan and final waste contours (Drawing E6), the landfill has a volumetric capacity of 2,240,000 cubic yards. Subtracting the final cover (132,677 cy) and assuming 10% of the airspace is lost due to periodic cover (consuming 224,000 c.y.), the net disposal capacity is 1,883,323 c.y., or approximately 1,280,660 tons based on 0.68 ton/cy (see Table 1A). The landfill receives an average of 300 tpd and operates 5.5 days per week, 280 working days per year. The estimated annual airspace consumption is 100,800 cubic yards.1 Based on the current volume projections and operational history, the landfill has an estimated 12 to 15 years of remaining capacity. 1 An average waste density of 0.5 tcy was used in original estimates of landfill capacity and service life. 1.0 CDLF FACILITY PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0537) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 12 Following the first six months of operations, during late 2009, the tonnage and density was recorded as 3,237 tons and 0.61 tons/c.y., respectively (for 5,396 c.y.). Later, after the first four years of operation, an in-situ density of 0.68 tons/c.y. was calculated, shown below: Table 1A WASTE DENSITY CALCULATIONS Year ending June 30 Tonnage Volume 2010 30,555.25 tons 44,934 cubic yards 2011 32,847.70 48,305 2012 40,479.24 59,528 2013 94,618.71 139,145 Phase 1 in-situ data 198,500.90 tons 291,912 cubic yards Calculated in-situ density = 0.68 tcy The higher in-situ density over time is attributed to compression of the wastes. A tabulation of the disposal capacity and life expectancy by phase follows. 1.0 CDLF FACILITY PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0537) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 13 Table 1B CAPACITY PROJECTIONS PHASE 1 Status: Completed 1A 1B 1C New Ground Footprint Acreage, ac 2.63 4.77 3.98 Interim Capacities (Sub-Phases) 2 62,370 cy 186,242 cy 221,720 cy Interim Elevations (Sub-Phases) EL. 830 EL. 820 EL. 812 Surveyed Volume (Phase 1 only) 2, 3 ........................................................................ 470,332 cy Cumulative Footprint ............................................................................................... 11.38 acres 1 PHASE 2 Status: Completed 2A 2B New Ground Footprint Acreage, ac 4.27 2.25 Interim Capacities (Sub-Phases), cy 2 250,383 357,809 Interim Elevations (Sub-Phases) 4 EL. 820 EL. 820 Projected Volume (Phase 2 only) ............................................................................. 608,192 cy Cumulative Capacity 2 .............................................................................................. 1,078,524 cy Cumulative Footprint (through Phase 2) .................................................................. 17.90 acres PHASE 3 Status: Current PTC 3A (Int. 1) 3B (Int. 2) 3C (Int. 3) New Ground Footprint Acreage, ac 3.77 3.83 05 Interim Capacities (Sub-Phases), cy 2 210,910 152,184 278,632 Interim Elevations (Sub-Phases) 4 EL. 830 EL. 810 EL. 840 Projected Volume (Phase 3 only) ............................................................................. 641,726 cy Cumulative Capacity 2 .............................................................................................. 1,720,250 cy Cumulative Footprint (through Phase 3) .................................................................. 25.50 acres PHASE 4 Status: Future Permit Footprint (All Phases) ................................................................................... 25.50 acres 1 Interim Capacity (Phase 4) 2, 5 .................................................................................. 519,750 cy Cumulative Capacity 2, 6 ........................................................................................... 2,240,000 cy Final Elevation ......................................................................................................... El. 904 Remaining Life Expectancy7 .................................................................................... 12 to 15 years 1 Footprint shown in Franchise Drawings and original permitting is 25.50 acres. The “As-Built” drawing for Phases 1A – C and supporting calculations presented to the SWS per letter dated 2-14-2005 states the footprint is 11 acres. The permit issued in 2006 showed 8.18 acres, which is erroneous but carried through to the present. Volumes are by survey and are represented as accurate. 2 Includes Final Cap System and Operational Cover. 3 Includes documented losses due to base grade adjustments to accommodate rock encountered during grading. 4 As shown on drawings for estimation purposes, operational elevations may vary. 5 Vertical Expansion – not actual ground disturbance (does not add to total footprint area). 6 Consistent with the February 2004 Permit to Construct – Phase 4 volume was adjusted to match permit issue. 7 Based on Phase 3 and Phase 4 airspace (1,161,476 cy) and an annual airspace consumption of 100,800 cy per year, giving 11.5 years. Remaining volume in Phases 1 and 2 are undetermined. 1.0 CDLF FACILITY PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0537) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 14 1.3.3 Special Engineering Features No seeps, springs, soft ground or other deleterious conditions were identified in the site characterization studies. As such, no special engineering features are required. 1.3.4 Soil Volume Analysis The following soil data was developed using the airspace calculations (discussed above) and the permitted grading plan. Demonstrated below, the Total Available Borrow (438,955 cy) shown in Table 1C exceeds the remaining Total Required Soil (248,825 cy) shown in Table 1D. Thus, there is sufficient soil available to complete Phases 1 through 4. Table 1C BORROW SOIL RESOURCES1 Area (acres) Borrow volume (yd3) Stockpile --- 125,000 Adjacent Sites 13.9 313,955 Total Available Borrow 438,955 1 The borrow site consists of lots adjacent to the facility, not within the facility boundary, but directly accessible with off-road equipment. This estimate includes the following properties: 2103 Bishop Rd, 2097 Bishop Rd, 2095 Bishop Rd, 2093 Bishop Rd, 2085 Bishop Rd, 2087 Bishop Rd, 2111 Bishop Rd, Greensboro, NC 27406. These properties are wholly owned by A-1 Sandrock, Inc. but are not planned to be added to the facility. Table 1D SOIL VOLUME ANALYSIS Breakout soil quantities for all Phases (included above) are follows: Phase 1 Proposed Airspace 470,332 cy Final Cover Required* (3' x 11.38 ac) 59,211 cy Intermediate Cover (10% Volume) 47,033 cy Phase 2 Proposed Airspace 608,192 cy Final Cover Required* (3' x 6.52 ac) 33,923 cy Intermediate Cover (10% Volume) 60,819 cy Phase 3 Proposed Airspace 641,726 cy Final Cover Required* (3' x 7.6 ac) 39,543 cy Intermediate Cover (10% Volume) 64,173 cy Phase 4 Proposed Airspace 519,750 cy Final Cover Required** (3' x 0.0 ac) 0 cy Intermediate Cover (10% Volume) 51,975 cy Continued 1.0 CDLF FACILITY PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0537) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 15 Summary Total Proposed Airspace 2,240,000 cy Required Final Cover (25.5 acres)* 132,677 cy Required Intermediate Cover (10% Volume) 224,000 cy Total Required Soil (for entire landfill) 356,677 cy *Includes 15% shrinkage on compacted clay layer **Cover volume included in Phases 1-3 Whereas Phases 1 and 2 are operationally complete for the sake of this calculation, the intermediate cover volumes of soil need not be included in an estimate of the remaining soil requirements for operation of Phases 3 and 4, and final closure of the entire footprint. Factoring in this aspect, the remaining soil needs are as follows: Phase 1 Final Cover (11.38 ac) 59,211 cy Phase 2 Final Cover (6.52 ac) 33,923 cy Phase 3 Final Cover (7.6 ac) 39,543 cy Phase 3 Intermediate Cover 64,173 cy Phase 4 Intermediate Cover 51,975 cy Total Required Soil (remaining activities) 248,825 cy 1.4 Processing and Temporary Storage Areas Five processing and storage areas are labeled A – E on Drawing S1. Relevant acreage and maximum volumes as stockpiles are listed on the drawing. These areas are designated for the receiving, storing and processing of concrete debris, wood waste, soil and finished products, e.g., aggregate, boiler fuel, mulch, topsoil and fill dirt. Drawing EC5 shows BMP’s that are already in place for managing runoff. Metals shall not be stored in the stockpiles, but roll-off boxes may be stored temporarily, and equipment may be parked in these areas. Operational provisions for fire protection (see Section 5.9 and Section 6.4) will limit the storage of woody materials to much smaller volumes than shown in the drawings. Maximum expected storage times for wood wastes and recycled wood products is 3 months, such that composting will not occur. Inert concrete debris, aggregates and soil will be stored for longer periods without limitation, providing the proper E&S measures are observed and maintained. All materials kept in these areas will have resale value or may be used or disposed in the CDLF. 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 16 2.1 Engineering Report This section of the report describes the physical aspects of the facility design, with emphasis on waste containment and environmental control systems, based on the hydrogeologic data discussed in earlier studies. The design was prepared by a qualified Professional Engineer, who is licensed to practice in North Carolina and is familiar with the requirements of the North Carolina Division of Waste Management (Division) rules. Phase 3 is set to provide approximately 5 years of capacity, in keeping with rules. Also, in keeping with the intent of 15A NCAC 13B .0531 - .0547, there is no liner or leachate collection system for this facility, since the site meets the rule requirements for soil types present within two feet below planned base grades, and there is at least 4 feet of vertical separation between the waste and seasonal high ground water and/or bedrock. The planned base grades and outer slopes will have maximum slope ratios of 3H:1V, which have been demonstrated to be stable. 2.1.1 Analytical Methods The facility design incorporates elements that are consistent with Division rules and guidelines, as well as sound engineering practice. Various analyses used in the design of the facility include evaluations of soil conditions, i.e., the consistency of subgrade soils and the availability of suitable soils for constructing stable embankments and other earthen structures (discussed below), and ground water characteristics, i.e., flow directions and seasonal water depth fluctuations. Soil properties testing used to facilitate these evaluations included grain size analysis, shear strength, consolidation, and compaction characteristics. Stability and settlement of foundation soils were considered in setting base grades, as was the outer slope stability for the final cover system, presented in Appendix 2. Other analyses including an evaluation of Erosion and Sedimentation Control (E&SC) and storm water management systems that are permitted by the predecessor agency to NCDEQ Division of Energy, Minerals and Land Resources, are presented in Appendix 3. 2.1.2 Identified Critical Conditions Based on the nature of the soils within Phase 3 (and the entire CDLF footprint), along with an understanding of geologic conditions within the region, no inherent foundation stability or long-term settlement problems are anticipated. Some considerations that are both generic to landfills and specific to the on-site soils, learned through practical experience with the construction of other landfills in the region, are discussed below. 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 17  Subsurface conditions consist of weathered granite saprolite, i.e., “sandrock,” which can vary in density within short lateral and horizontal distances. Conditions that produce “auger refusal” can be localized and not apparent during open excavations. The grading plan is based on auger refusal and may not reflect the actual excavation characteristics.  Groundwater is typically deeper than bedrock within the eastern portions of the site, shallower than bedrock within the western portion of the site. Groundwater depths govern the vertical separation requirements for the base grading plan within the western half of the site (approximately) while bedrock elevations govern within the eastern portion of the site.  Minor veins or “knots” of rock-like materials may be encountered above the permitted grades, which may require ripping for removal.  Required soil types for the upper two (2) feet of base grades include SM, SC, ML, MH, CL, and CH classifications. These soils are abundant on the site.  Required lower permeability soils for final cover construction, which require a permeability no greater than 1 x 10-5 cm/sec are also available in sufficient quantities, but the operator will need to segregate and reserve these soils.  Borrow site selection and a field evaluation of the soils during construction (see Section 4) will be critical to assure the subgrade construction complies with the rule requirements.  Soil compaction is dependent on both compaction effort (i.e., the right equipment) and working within the correct range of near-optimum moisture (Section 4.2.1).  Properly compacted embankments are expected to be stable due to high soil strength and stable foundation conditions. Outer slope stability (relative to final cover) will also rely on adequate compaction and observation of proper slope ratios, due to the strength considerations.  Soil erosivity is a consideration that can be counteracted with good cover construction practices and vegetative cover. The on-site soils have moderate field capacity and poor nutrient value, which may require additional effort to establish vegetation. These conditions pose operational considerations but require no special design accommodations. 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 18 2.1.3 Technical References Calculations found in Appendix 2 are referenced within the various analyses. All calculations and analyses were performed in accordance with accepted engineering standards of practice. 2.1.4 Location Restriction Demonstrations The site was granted a Site Suitability determination in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0531 et seq. based on work completed in 2002-04, (the site characteristics were determined suitable for a C&D landfill). Relative to Rule .0536 pertaining to C&D landfills, the site has no disqualifying conditions with respect to zoning, setbacks from residences or potable wells, historic or cultural sites, state or nature preserves, 100-year floodplains, wetlands, water supply critical areas, or endangered species. Documentation pertaining to these site selection criteria is found in the 2002 Site Suitability Report. 2.2 Construction Materials and Practices Based on the 2002 Design Hydrogeologic Report (found in the original Permit to Construct application) investigation and the 2015 Design Hydrologic Report, on-site soils available for embankment and subgrade construction consist chiefly of variably silty sand exhibiting Unified Soil Classification System classifications of SM and SM-ML, with silty clay (CL) and clayey silt (ML). These soils meet the requirements for the upper two feet beneath the landfill subgrade referenced in 15A NCAC 13B .0540 (2). The soils exhibit adequate compaction characteristics and shear strength (when properly compacted) to build stable embankments and subgrade that will not undergo excessive settlement. Some selective use of soils and/or field evaluation will be required to place the correct soil types within the upper two (2) feet beneath the subgrade elevations. Good construction practices for embankments and subgrade include compaction using steel-wheel rollers, sheep foot rollers, and/or smooth-drum rollers of sufficient weight – not dozers – with a minimum number of passes (typically three to five passes) in two perpendicular directions to achieve the desired strength properties for stability. Experience at the site indicates that material selection (i.e., avoiding soils that are excessively wet or exhibit excess organic debris content) and/or blending soils to negate the effects of wet or slick soils will produce satisfactory results. The targeted compaction criterion is 95% of standard Proctor maximum dry density (ASTM D-698). Critical embankment and subgrade areas should be tested to ensure proper compaction in accordance with the criteria outlined in the CQA Plan (Section 4.0). 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 19 2.3 Design Hydrogeologic Report A Design Hydrogeologic Report for Phase 3, dated April 2018, has been prepared and is included in this report as Appendix 7. 2.4 Engineering Drawings Refer to the rolled plan set that accompanies this report. All relevant criteria required by the rules (except as noted) are depicted on the plans. 2.4.1 Existing Conditions See Drawings E1 in the Construction Drawings. 2.4.2 Grading Plan See Drawing E2. 2.4.3 Storm water Segregation See Drawings E3 – E6. While this rule requirement pertains to separation of storm water runoff from leachate (i.e., a lined landfill), good practices for water management include maintaining slopes with positive drainage (always directed toward approved S&EC measures), facilitated by orderly waste placement. 2.4.4 Final Cap System See Drawing EC1 for the final contours and the layout of the E&S best management practices (BMPs). See Drawings EC2 and EC3 for the E&S details and Drawing EC4 for schedules of pile and ditch sizes. 2.4.5 Temporary and Permanent E&SC See Drawings E1 and E2 for temporary erosion and sedimentation control (E&SC) measures and Drawing EC1 for permanent measures pertaining to the final cover. An E&SC plan was approved by the NC DENR Division of Land Resources, Land Quality Section (now NC DEQ Division of Energy, Minerals and Land Resources), during the original permitting. Relevant calculations for cell construction and final closure are presented in Appendix 3. 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 20 2.4.6 Vertical Separation The rules require a minimum vertical separation of 4 feet between the CDLF base grades and bedrock and/or the estimated maximum seasonal water levels. Vertical separation for Phase 3 was established based on the 2018 Design Hydrogeologic report, drawing on data from the Phase 1 (2002) and Phase 2 (2013) reports. For groundwater, historic monitoring well data were used to estimate the maxima, which occur approximately 2 feet higher than the 2002 data and within a few inches higher than the 2018 observations. It should be noted that a portion of the Phase 3A footprint is inaccessible due a large soil stockpile, thus a test pit investigation is planned to confirm these estimates during construction, as was done for the earlier phases. Vertical separation to groundwater based on these criteria are depicted in Drawings S2 – S4 (map view) and in Drawings X1 and X2 (cross sections). 2.4.7 Other Features The rule governing Section 2.4.6 pertains to liners and leachate collection systems, if proposed (none are). 2.5 Specific Engineering Calculations and Results Calculations for settlement and slope stability were performed using site specific data. The calculations can be found in Appendix 2. Supporting geotechnical lab data is found in Appendix 2 and Table 1. The following is a brief description of the analyses. 2.5.1 Settlement Settlement is a concern for maintaining vertical separation between the bottom of the waste (or base liner) and the maximum long-term seasonal high-water table. Settlements of the foundation soils result from time-dependent strain, i.e., a change in thickness within the various soil layers due to the vertical stress (weight of the landfill) applied at the surface, accompanied by drainage of the various soil layers. Vertical stresses beneath landfills gradually increase as the waste becomes thicker over long periods of time. Strain-induced settlements within sands and/or well drained silts and clays are relatively short-term, thus long-term settlements are not typically a concern unless thick uniform clay deposits are present (which tend to drain slowly) – such is not the case at the subject landfill. This landfill site is excavated into residual saprolite, derived from the underlying bedrock, thus settlement is not expected to be a concern. 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 21 Settlements were calculated using elastic methods adapted from the US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for highway embankments. Ostensibly, a landfill is a large flexible embankment with the highest stresses impinging on the foundation soils near the center. The FHWA settlement calculation is based on the work of Hough (1959) and others, which considers both the material type and overburden depth for determining a “correction factor” for standard penetration test (SPT) values, from which the compressibility and load-induced strain of each soil layer can be evaluated. For sandy soils conventional sampling via Shelby tubes and laboratory consolidation testing is infeasible. No Shelby tube samples were acquired for laboratory consolidation tests, because the soils were too sandy and dense. A spreadsheet facilitates the settlement calculation (see Appendix 2). The maximum vertical stress increase which was calculated using the maximum embankment height of 110 feet and an average unit weight of 1000 pounds per cubic yard (37 pcf), then applying a depth-related “influence factor” based on elastic stress distribution theory. Next a subsurface stress distribution was developed for original and post-construction (final height) conditions, based on the depth and average unit weight of the soil layers, plus the added vertical stresses. The SPT correction factor was applied to determine the compressibility factor and strain within each layer, differentiating between sand and clay layers based on empirical data. Strain in the individual layers was summed up to estimate the total settlement. Time-dependent settlement was not considered due to the well-drained conditions indicated by the subsurface data. Assuming uniform subsurface conditions within the footprint – as confirmed by the test borings – a representative subsurface profile was used to estimate the maximum settlements beneath the center of the landfill. Settlements along the edges of the landfill are negligible, and settlements beneath the slopes fall in between the maximum and minimum values. The calculations confirm that the base grade design, which typically provides more than the minimum required 4 feet of separation, is sufficient to accommodate the anticipated settlement. Differential settlement within the footprint is not a concern. The maximum estimated foundation settlement is 0.36 feet. 2.5.2 Slope Stability Two primary concerns exist for landfills with respect to slope stability: deep-seated/global stability or veneer stability. Deep-seated/global instability involves instability in a deep layer in the foundation or along the base of the landfill (which could potentially result in catastrophic slope failure). Veneer stability (sliding of the cover) can expose the waste but is typically more of a maintenance issue relative to the effort of exacting repairs. 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 22 Subsurface conditions identified at this site are relatively sandy (high strength soils) with interspersed clay pockets and sand seams that are expected to drain readily under the applied embankment loads – only “effective” stresses (i.e., drained conditions) were considered. The site is not earthquake prone, thus liquefaction is not a concern. No extremely soft layers that would pose stability concerns were identified by the SPT testing, but the foundation is expected to undergo a strain-hardening strength increase as settlement occurs. This means the foundation soils will become even more stable with time. 2.5.2.1 Deep-seated stability – Limit-equilibrium methods, STABL-5M was the model used for this project, evaluate the balance of forces driving a slide (weight of the porous material and contained water) against the forces resisting a slide (shear strength, expressed as cohesion and friction) along a theoretical failure surface, which can be either a circular surface or a series of intersecting planar surfaces. A “static” analysis considers just the weight of the materials and the shear strength (tie-back loads may be considered for reinforced embankments); a “dynamic” analysis might consider external loads, such as linear loads at the top of the embankment (i.e., traffic forces) or additional horizontal loads to represent earthquakes (expressed as a fraction of the normal gravity field, specific to the region of interest). In more advanced routines, the mass above the failure surface is divided into many slices, and the driving and resisting forces for each of which are calculated and summed up. Variations on the “method of slices” involve planar block failure surfaces – typically the more conservative analysis – and classic circular failure surfaces, both of which represent the loci of movement at the base of a sliding mass above the failure surface. The balance of forces – the sum of the resisting forces divided by the sum of the driving forces – is expressed as a ratio, e.g., 1.5:1, or simply 1.5, which is called the “safety factor.” Ratios less than unity (safety factor <1) indicate unstable conditions. Typical minimum safety factors for maintaining stable embankment conditions throughout the life of a project are 1.5 for static conditions, 1.2 for seismic conditions. Shear strength inputs to the STABL-5M model were developed from the drilling and laboratory data (see the 2002 Design Hydrogeologic Report). A circular failure surface and a block analysis were analyzed with the Janbu method of slices. A representative soil profile was developed from the drilling data. A side slope ratio of 3H:1V was modeled. Shear strength parameters were derived empirically from the standard penetration resistance values, based on familiarity with local soils and decades of engineering experience. Typically, the in-situ sandrock exhibits a high shear strength value, expressed in engineering terms as the cohesion (in units of force/area) and the internal friction angle (expressed in degrees). 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 23 The following table shows a summary of the soil strength input values, representative of pre-excavation conditions at the project site, i.e., along the edges of the mine and landfill. Table 2A DESIGN SOIL PROPERTIES Soil Layer Layer Thickness (feet) Soil Layer Description Saturated Unit Weight (pcf) Drained Cohesion (psf)* Drained Friction Angle (deg) 1 110 Waste 64 100 25 2 10 Silty sand N = 17 110 100 35 3 25 Silt-Clay N = 20-50 135 300 34 4 40 Silty sand N = 100 130 40 35 5 40 Bedrock 145 5000 45 *Apparent cohesion for silty sands and waste is based on retrogression analysis from other projects (based on experience). The water table was modeled at a depth of 5 feet below ground surface, i.e., the base of the waste, which reflects seasonal high conditions. Based on the analysis presented in Appendix 2, the minimum safety factors calculated for this project are summarized below: Table 2B SEISMIC ANALYSIS Failure Analysis Seismic* Non-Seismic Block 1.56 1.85 Circular 2.15 2.15 *A horizontal static load of 0.04g was applied to represent regional seismicity, consistent with the protocols of the STABL5M computer program – the region is not within a seismic impact zone as defined by NC DENR Solid Waste Rules 2.5.2.2 Veneer Stability – Sliding of the final cover (or veneer failure) is dependent on the slope angle, the degree of saturation, and the material strength, (i.e. the interface friction angle and cohesion within the soils and between the soils and synthetic components, if 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 24 any). Veneer failure occurs when the pore pressures build up along a critical interface exceeding available shear strength. The severity of failure can range from minor sloughing of small areas (maintenance nuisances) to large-scale slides requiring complete replacement of large sections – this type of failure is expensive to repair, especially when synthetic components are involved. The analysis is typically performed for preliminary design conditions to anticipate (and try to avoid) the large-scale failures. A worse-case scenario involves little (or no) cohesion, as in a geotextile-geomembrane interface, and complete saturation of the soils overlying that interface. Good engineering practice requires a drainage layer (typically a synthetic geonet) whenever a flexible membrane barrier is used, e.g., an alternative final cover that might be considered. The regulatory minimum cover includes 18 inches of vegetative support soil overlying a compacted soil barrier. Given the regional soil types, the upper 18 inches could include a high permeability sand layer near the base, and ample soil resources are available for the compacted soil barrier (maximum 1 x 10-5 cm/sec permeability). North Carolina Solid Waste regulations allow alternative final covers, subject to approval by the Solid Waste Section, but specific interface testing will be required to verify future designs. Even when native soil covers are used, drainage is still important relative to veneer stability, so a final cover section should include higher permeability sand layer next to the barrier to prevent the soils above the barrier from becoming saturated. Assuming a regulatory minimum cover soil profile is used, the critical interface for veneer stability exists within a low-cohesion sand layer overlying the compacted soil barrier at full saturation on a 3H:1V slope (i.e., the angle measured from the horizontal is 18 degrees). While a minimum cohesion could be assumed along the sand layer and the compacted soil barrier, the stresses near the base of the sand layer would control stability. A veneer stability analysis (Appendix 2) adapted from Matasovic (1991)1 was performed to evaluate four conditions: static unsaturated and saturated conditions (with a required safety factor of 1.5) and seismic unsaturated and saturated conditions (with a safety factor of 1.1). For this site, the static (non-seismic) saturated case is the critical condition for design because of the higher required safety factor. The calculations start with the given slope geometry and saturation state, then for a given safety factor the required friction (with or without cohesion) is back-calculated to provide the desired safety factor. 1 Geotechnical and Stability Analyses for Ohio Waste Containment Facilities, Geotechnical Resource Group, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus, Ohio, September 2004, pg. 9-12. 2.0 ENGINEERING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 25 The analysis assumed full saturation of the vegetation support layer (upper cover soil is at field capacity) with a 1-year, 60-minute design storm impinging, resulting in a head of just over 12 inches acting on the base of the upper soil layer. Assuming the deeper compacted soil layer is stronger (due to cohesion) a minimum friction angle of 31 degrees is required within the upper soil layer. Select soils available in the region (including the borrow sites on the premises) will provide this minimum friction angle, combined with the required high permeability for drainage. The CQA program for the final closure should verify the available friction angles for the actual cover components (including alternative cover designs if these are to be used). 2.5.3 Final Slope Ratios Both the deep-seated stability analysis (Section 2.5.2.1) and the veneer stability analysis (Section 2.5.2.2) assumed a 3H:1V slope ratio. These analyses demonstrate that stability safety factors meet the minimum acceptable requirement of 1.5 for static (non-seismic) conditions. The use of 3H:1V slope ratios will result in stable slopes, providing that the drainage requirements are accommodated and assuming proper vegetation is maintained. 3.0 CONSTRUCTION PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 10/15/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 26 The following sections demonstrate compliance of the facility design for CDLF Phase 3 with the requirements of the C&D Rules, 15A NCAC 13B .0537 - .0540. 3.1 Horizontal Separation The following regulatory criteria are addressed in project drawings specified below. Refer to the rolled plan set that accompanies this report. 3.1.1 Property Lines The minimum setback to property lines is 200 feet (Drawings E1 – E5). 3.1.2 Residences and Wells The minimum setback to residences and wells is 500 feet (Drawings E1 – E5). 3.1.3 Surface Waters The minimum setback to surface waters is 50 feet (Drawings E1 – E5). 3.1.4 Existing Landfill Units There are no other landfill units present on the site. 3.2 Vertical Separation 3.2.1 Settlement Maximum waste thickness is approximately 110 feet; the waste density is approximately 0.5 tons/cubic yard. Foundation soils are very dense residual silty sand and gravelly sand and silt (all saprolite). Settlement calculations (see Appendix 2) indicate maximum post- construction settlements on the order of 0.36 feet (4 inches), or less. Discussion of the assumptions and procedures behind the calculations is presented in Section 2.5. 3.2.2 Soil Consistency Based on the laboratory data summary table (see Appendix 2), most of the on-site soils generally classify as silty sands (SM), silt (ML) or dual classify as sand-silt (SM-ML). A relatively small fraction of the near surface soils consists of low plasticity silty clay (CL), 3.0 CONSTRUCTION PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 27 and very minor quantities of high plasticity silty clay (MH-CH) soil types are present. Based on the data, these soil types are prevalent and will be present – either in-situ or within compacted subgrade – to meet the requirements of Rule .0540 (2) (b) for the upper two feet beneath the subgrade. No modification of the soils, i.e., admixtures, will be required to meet this rule requirement, but reworking to blend the soils to a more uniform consistency and proper compaction may be required to mitigate isolated pockets of highly granular soils. For new base grade fill sections, proper soil selection will be required. The soil types shall be documented in the CQA program. 3.3 Survey Control Benchmarks A permanent benchmark is located long Bishop Road (see facility drawings), with the following information: Table 3A BENCHMARK DATA NAD 83 Coordinates N 817,233.63456 E 1,749,238.54876 NGVD 29 El. 783.30 3.4 Site Location Coordinates The latitude and longitude coordinates of the center of the site (determined from Google Earth) are approximately: Table 3B SITE CENTER COORDINATES LATTITUDE 35.98745 N LONGITUDE -79.84639 E 3.5 Landfill Subgrade 3.5.1 Subgrade Inspection Requirement The Owner/Operator shall have the subgrade inspected by a qualified engineer or geologist, accompanied by a SWS Hydrologist, upon completion of the excavation, in accordance with Rule .0534 (b) and Rule .0539. Said inspection is required by the Division to verify that subgrade conditions are consistent with expected conditions based on the Design Hydrogeologic Report. 3.0 CONSTRUCTION PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0539) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 28 3.5.2 Division Notification The Owner/Operator shall notify the Division at least 24 hours in advance of the subgrade inspection. 3.5.3 Vertical Separation Compliance The subgrade inspection shall verify to the Division that the minimum vertical separation requirements are met and that required subgrade soil types are present. 3.6 Special Engineering Features This section of the rules generally pertains to liners and leachate collection systems, if any are present. There are no liners and leachate collection systems in this project. 3.7 Sedimentation and Erosion Control The sedimentation and erosion control structures were permitted by the now NCDEQ Division of Energy, Minerals and Land Resources, Land Quality Section and have been designed to accommodate the 25-year, 24-hour storm event, per the North Carolina Sedimentation Pollution Control Law (15A NCAC 04). Required measures are depicted throughout in the construction plan set (see Drawings E1 – E6 and EC1 – EC5). Existing sediment traps shall be cleaned out and upgraded as needed; other measures shall be maintained throughout the life of the facility. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 10/15/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 29 4.1 General Provisions This Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Plan has been prepared to provide the Owner, Engineer, and CQA Testing Firm – operating as a coordinated team – the means to govern the construction quality and to satisfy landfill certification requirements. The CQA program includes both a quantitative testing program (by a third-party) and qualitative evaluations (by all parties) to assure that the construction meets the desired criteria for long-term performance. Variations in material properties and working conditions may require minor modification of handling and placement techniques throughout the project. Close communication between the various parties is paramount. It is anticipated that the early stages of the construction activities will require more attention by the CQA team, i.e., the Contractor, Engineer, Owner and CQA Testing Firm. The requirements of the CQA program (construction oversight and testing) apply to the preparation of the base grades, embankments, and engineered subgrade, as well as the final cover installation. All lines, grades, and layer thicknesses shall be confirmed by topographic surveys performed under the supervision of the Engineer of Record or the CQA Testing Firm, and as built drawings of the base grades and final cover shall be made part of the construction records. Once the base grade and final cover construction is completed, the Engineer shall verify that all surfaces are vegetated within 20 days following completion of final grades. The Engineer shall also verify that interior slopes and base grades of new cells are protected until waste is placed. 4.1.1 Definitions 4.1.1.1 Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) – In the context of this CQA Plan, Construction Quality Assurance is defined as a planned and systematic program employed by the Owner to assure conformity of base grade and embankment construction and the final cover system installation with the project drawings and specifications. CQA is provided by the CQA Testing Firm as a representative of the Owner and is independent from the Contractor and all manufacturers. The CQA program is designed to provide confidence that the items or services brought to the job meet contractual and regulatory requirements and that the final cover will perform satisfactorily in service. 4.1.1.2 Construction Quality Control (CQC) – Construction Quality Control refers to actions taken by manufacturers, fabricators, installers, and/or the Contractor to ensure that the materials and the workmanship meet the requirements of the project drawings and the project specifications. The manufacturer's specifications and quality control (QC) requirements are included in this CQA Manual by reference only. A complete updated 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 30 version of each manufacturer's QC Plan for any Contractor-supplied components shall be incorporated as part of the Contractor's CQC submittal. The Owner and/or the Engineer shall approve the Contractor’s QC submittal prior to initial construction. Contractor submittals may be (but are not required to be) incorporated into the final CQA certification document at the Owner’s discretion. 4.1.1.3 CQA Certification Document – The Owner and/or the Engineer will prepare a certification document upon completion of construction, or phases of construction. The Owner will submit these documents to the NC DENR Division of Waste Management Solid Waste Section. The CQA certification report will include relevant testing performed by the CQA Testing Firm, including field testing used to verify preliminary test results and/or design assumptions, records of field observations, and documentation of any modifications to the design and/or testing program. An “as-built” drawing (prepared by/for the Owner), showing competed contours, shall be included. The Certification Document may be completed in increments, i.e., as several documents, as respective portions of the final cover are completed. Section 2 discusses the documentation requirements. 4.1.1.4 Discrepancies Between Documents – The Contractor shall be instructed to bring discrepancies to the attention of the CQA Testing Firm who shall then notify the Owner for resolution. The Owner has the sole authority to determine resolution of discrepancies existing within the Contract Documents (this may also require the approval of State Solid Waste Regulators). Unless otherwise determined by the Owner, the more stringent requirement shall be the controlling resolution. 4.1.2 Responsibilities and Authorities The parties to Construction Quality Assurance and Quality Control include the Owner, Engineer, Contractor, CQA Testing Firm (i.e., a qualified Soils Laboratory). 4.1.2.1 Owner – The Owner is A-1 Sandrock, Inc., who operates and is responsible for the facility. The Owner or his designee is responsible for the project and will serve as liaison between the various parties. 4.1.2.2 Engineer – The Engineer (a.k.a. the “Engineer of Record”) is responsible for the engineering design, drawings, and project specifications, regulatory affairs, and communications coordinator for the construction of the base grades, embankments, engineered subgrade, drainage and final cover systems. The Engineer represents the Owner and coordinates communications and meetings as outlined in Section 4.3. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 31 The Engineer shall also be responsible for proper resolution of all quality issues that arise during construction. The Engineer shall prepare the CQA certification documents, with input from the Owner, the CQA Testing Firm and the Owner’s Surveyor. The Engineer shall be registered in the State of North Carolina. 4.1.2.3 Contractor – The Contractor is responsible for the construction of the subgrade, earthwork, and final cover system. The Contractor is responsible for the overall CQC on the project and coordination of submittals to the Engineer. Additional responsibilities of the Contractor include compliance with 15A NCAC 4, i.e., the North Carolina Sedimentation and Erosion Control rules. Qualifications – The Contractor qualifications are specific to the construction contract documents and are independent of this CQA Manual. The Owner may serve as the contractor, as long as the specifications are met. 4.1.2.4 CQA Testing Firm – The CQA Testing Firm (a.k.a. Soils Laboratory) is a representative of the Owner, independent from the Contractor, and is responsible for conducting geotechnical tests on conformance samples of soils and aggregates used in structural fills and the final cover system. Periodic site visits shall be coordinated with the Engineer of Record and the Contractor. Qualifications – The CQA Testing Firm shall have experience in the CQA aspects of landfill construction and be familiar with ASTM and other related industry standards. The Soils CQA Laboratory will can provide test results within 24 hours or a reasonable time after receipt of samples, depending on the test(s) to be conducted, as agreed to at the outset of the project by affected parties, and will maintain that standard throughout the construction. 4.1.3 Control vs. Records Testing 4.1.3.1 Control Testing – In the context of this CQA plan, Control Tests are those tests performed on a material prior to its actual use in construction to demonstrate that it can meet the requirements of the project plans and specifications. Control Test data may be used by the Engineer as the basis for approving alternative material sources. 4.1.3.2 Record Testing – Record Tests are those tests performed during or after the actual placement of a material to demonstrate that its in-place properties meet or exceed the requirements of the project drawings and specifications. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 32 4.1.4 Modifications and Amendment This document was prepared by the Engineer to communicate the basic intentions and expectations regarding the quality of materials and workmanship. Certain articles in this document may be revised with input from all parties, if so warranted based on project specific conditions. No modifications will be made without the Division’s approval. 4.1.5 Miscellaneous 4.1.5.1 Units – In this CQA Plan, and through the plans and specifications for this project, all properties and dimensions are expressed in U.S. units. 4.1.5.2 References – This CQA Plan includes references to the most recent version of the test procedures of the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM). Table 4D at the end of this text contains a list of these procedures. 4.2 Inspection, Sampling and Testing The requirements of the General Earthwork (perimeter embankments and subgrade) and Final Cover Systems (soil barrier, vegetative cover, and storm water management devices) differ with respect to continuous or intermittent testing and oversight. The following two sections are devoted to the specific requirements of each work task. 4.2.1 General Earthwork This section outlines the CQA program for structural fill associated with perimeter embankments, including sedimentation basins, and general grading of the subgrade. Issues to be addressed include material approval, subgrade approval, field control and record tests, if any, and resolution of problems. 4.2.1.1 Compaction Criteria – All material to be used as compacted embankment shall be compacted to a minimum of 95% of the Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density (ASTM D-698), or as approved by the Engineer or designated QC/QA personnel. Specifically, field observation of the response of soils beneath equipment and the use of a probe rod and/or a penetrometer are other means of determining the adequacy of compaction. Skilled soil technicians working under the supervision of an engineer may make this determination, subject to concurrence by the engineer. Approval is based on visual evaluation for consistency with project specification and objectives. Such material evaluations may be performed either during material handling, i.e., delivery to or upon receipt at the landfill, or 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 33 from existing stockpiles and/or the soil borrow site. Borrow soils shall be evaluated by the Engineer and QC/QA personnel prior to placement on the work site. All visual inspection and testing shall be documented for the CQA Report. Where permeability is the key parameter of interest, field and/or lab tests will be used. 4.2.1.2 Testing Criteria – Periodic compaction (moisture-density) testing requirements are imposed on the structural fill, although compaction and testing requirements may not be as stringent as that required for the final cover construction. Initial compaction testing shall be in accordance with the project specifications. The Engineer may recommend alternative compaction testing requirements based on field performance. Additional qualitative evaluations shall be made by the Contractor Superintendent and the Engineer to satisfy the performance criteria for placement of these materials. CQA monitoring and testing will not be “full-time” on this project. Rather, the CQA Testing Firm will test completed portions of the work at the Contractor’s or Owner’s request. The CQA Testing Firm may be called upon to test final cover and/or compacted structural fill at any time, ideally scheduling site visits to optimize his efforts. The Engineer will make an inspection at least monthly, more often as needed (anticipated more often in the initial stages of new construction). 4.2.1.3 Material Evaluation – Each load of soil will be examined either at the source, at the stockpile area, or on the working face prior to placement and compaction. Any unsuitable material, i.e., that which contains excess moisture, insufficient moisture, debris or other deleterious material, will be rejected from the working face and routed to another disposal area consistent with its end use. Materials that are either too dry or too wet, may be stockpiled temporarily near the working face for further evaluation by designated QC/QA personnel. The Contractor may blend such materials with other materials (in the event of dryness) or dry the materials (in the event of excess moisture). Soils designated for the upper 2 feet of subgrade within the cell shall consist of ML, MH, CL, CH, SM and mixed SM-ML classifications – this shall be confirmed with lab testing. 4.2.1.4 Subgrade Approval – Designated QC/QA personnel shall verify that the compacted embankment and/or subgrade are constructed in accordance with the project specifications prior to placing subsequent or overlying materials. These activities include an inspection of the subgrade by a qualified engineer, geologist, or soil technician working under the supervision of an engineer, which will examine and classify the soils within the upper two feet beneath the finished subgrade. This may consist of continual observation during placement with confirmatory sampling and laboratory gradation testing at specified 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 34 intervals, or there may be an exploratory sampling program with confirmatory testing at specified intervals at some time near the completion of the subgrade. The frequency of visual inspection and testing shall conform to Table 4A. 4.2.2 General Earthwork Construction 4.2.2.1 Construction Monitoring – The following criteria apply: A. Earthwork shall be performed as described in the project specifications. The Construction Superintendent has the responsibility of assuring that only select materials are used in the construction, discussed above. B. Only materials previously approved by the Engineer or his designee shall be used in construction of the compacted embankment. Unsuitable material will be removed and replaced followed by re-evaluation to the satisfaction of the Engineer and retesting, as may be required. C. All required field density and moisture content tests shall be completed before the overlying lift of soil is placed – as applicable. The surface preparation (e.g. wetting, drying, scarification, compaction etc.) shall be completed before the Engineer (or his designate) will allow placement of subsequent lifts. D. The CQA Testing Firm and/or the Engineer shall monitor protection of the earthwork, i.e., from erosion or desiccation during and after construction. 4.2.2.2 Control Tests – The control tests, as shown on Table 4A, will be performed by the CQA Testing Firm prior to placement of additional compacted embankment. 4.2.2.3 Record Tests – The record tests, as shown on Table 4A, will be performed by the CQA Testing Firm during placement of compacted embankment. The CQA Testing Firm may propose and the Engineer may approve an alternative testing frequency. Alternatively, the Engineer may amend the testing frequency, without further approval from the regulatory agency, based on consistent and satisfactory field performance of the materials and the construction techniques. 4.2.2.4 Record Test Failure – Failed tests shall be noted in the construction report, followed by documentation of mitigation. Soils with failing tests shall be evaluated by the Engineer (or his designee), and the soils shall either be recompacted or replaced, based on the Engineer’s judgment. Recompaction of the failed area shall be performed and retested until the area meets or exceeds requirements outlined in the specifications. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 35 4.2.2.5 Judgment Testing – During construction, the frequency of control and/or record testing may be increased at the discretion of the CQA Testing Firm when visual observations of construction performance indicate a potential problem. Additional testing for suspected areas will be considered when:  Rollers slip during rolling operation;  Lift thickness is greater than specified;  Fill material is at an improper moisture content;  Fewer than the specified number of roller passes is made;  Dirt-clogged rollers are used to compact the material;  Rollers may not have used optimum ballast;  Fill materials differ substantially from those specified;  Degree of compaction is doubtful. 4.2.2.6 Deficiencies – The CQA Testing Firm will immediately determine the extent and nature of all defects and deficiencies and report them to the Owner and Engineer. The CQA Testing Firm shall properly document all defects and deficiencies – this shall be more critical on the final cover construction, although this applies to structural fill as well. The Contractor will correct defects and deficiencies to the satisfaction of the Owner and Engineer. The CQA Testing Firm shall perform retests on repaired defects. 4.2.3 Final Cover Systems This section outlines the CQA program for piping, drainage aggregate, geotextiles, compacted soil barrier layer, and the vegetative soil layer of the final cover system, as well as the related erosion and sedimentation control activities. Issues to be addressed include material approval, subgrade approval, field control and record tests, if any, and resolution of problems. 4.2.3.1 Material Approval – The Engineer and/or the CQA Testing Firm shall verify that the following materials (as applicable) are provided and installed in accordance with the project drawings, specifications, and this CQA Manual. In general, the Contractor shall furnished material specification sheets to the Engineer for review and approval. In certain cases, materials furnished by the Contractor may need to meet the Owner’s requirements, in which case the Owner shall approve of the materials with the Engineer’s concurrence. The materials approval process may involve the submittals furnished by the Owner, (for documentation purposes) in the event that the Owner decides to furnish certain materials. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 36 A. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe (1) Receipt of Contractor's submittals on HDPE pipe. (2) Review manufacturer’s submittals for conformity with project specs. B. Corrugated Polyethylene (CPE) Pipe (1) Receipt of Contractor's submittals on CPE pipe. (2) Review manufacturer’s submittals for conformity with project specs. C. Aggregates (Verify for each type of aggregate) (1) Receipt of Contractor's submittals on aggregates. (2) Review manufacturer’s submittals for conformity with project specs. (3) Verify aggregates in stockpiles or borrow sources conform to project specifications. Certifications from a quarry will be sufficient. (4) Perform material evaluations in accordance with Table 4B. D. Vegetative Soil Layer and Drainage Layer (1) Review manufacturer’s submittals for conformity with project specs. (2) Review contractor’s submittals on seed specifications. (3) Perform material evaluations in accordance with Table 4C. E. Compacted Barrier Layer (1) Review manufacturer’s submittals for conformity with project specs. (2) Conduct material control tests in accordance with Table 4C. F. Erosion and Sedimentation Control (1) Review Contractor's submittals on erosion and sedimentation control items (including rolled erosion control products and silt fence). (2) Review of submittals for erosion and sedimentation control items for conformity to the project specifications. (3) Perform visual examination of materials for signs of age or deterioration. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 37 4.2.3.2 Final Cover Systems Installation – The CQA Testing Firm, in conjunction with the Engineer, will monitor and document the construction of all final cover system components for compliance with the project specifications. Monitoring for the components of the final cover system includes the following:  Verify location of all piping;  Assuring sufficient vertical buffer between field equipment and piping;  Monitoring thickness and moisture-density of the final cover layers and verification that equipment does not damage the compacted barrier layer or other components; and  Assuring proper installation of sedimentation and erosion control measures. 4.2.3.3 Deficiencies – The CQA Testing Firm and/or the Engineer will immediately determine the extent and nature of all defects and deficiencies and report them to the Owner. The CQA Testing Firm and/or the Engineer shall properly document all defects and deficiencies. The Contractor will correct defects and deficiencies to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The CQA Testing Firm and/or the Engineer shall observe all retests. 4.3 CQA Meetings Effective communication is critical toward all parties’ understanding of the objectives of the CQA program and in resolving problems that may arise that could compromise the ability to meet those objectives. To that end, meetings are essential to establish clear open channels of communication. The frequency of meetings will be dictated by site conditions and the effectiveness of communication between the parties. 4.3.1 Project Initiation CQA Meeting A CQA Meeting will be held at the site prior to placement of the compacted barrier layer. At a minimum, the Engineer, the Contractor, and representatives of the CQA Testing Firm and of the Owner will attend the meeting. The purpose of this meeting is to begin planning for coordination of tasks, anticipate any problems that might cause difficulties and delays in construction, and, above all, review the CQA Manual to all of the parties involved. During this meeting, the results of a prior compaction test pad will be reviewed, and the project specific moisture-density relationships and it is very important that the rules regarding testing, repair, etc., be known and accepted by all. This meeting should include all of the activities referenced in the project specifications. The Engineer shall document the meeting and minutes will be transmitted to all parties. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 38 4.3.2 CQA Progress Meetings Progress meetings will be held between the Engineer, the Contractor, a representative of the CQA Testing Firm, and representatives from any other involved parties. Meeting frequency will be, at a minimum, once per month during active construction or more often if necessary during critical stages of construction (i.e., initial stages of final cover). These meetings will discuss current progress, planned activities for the next week, and any new business or revisions to the work. The Engineer will log any problems, decisions, or questions arising at this meeting in his periodic reports. Any matter requiring action, which is raised in this meeting, will be reported to the appropriate parties. The Engineer will document these meetings and minutes will be transmitted to interested parties and to a record file. 4.3.3 Problem or Work Deficiency Meetings A special meeting will be held when and if a problem or deficiency is present or likely to occur. At a minimum, the Engineer, the Contractor, the CQA Testing Firm, and representatives will attend the meeting from any other involved parties. The purpose of the meeting is to define and resolve the problem or work deficiency as follows:  Define and discuss the problem or deficiency;  Review alternative solutions; and  Implement an action plan to resolve the problem or deficiency. The Engineer will document these meetings and minutes will be transmitted to interested parties and to a record file. 4.4 Documentation and Reporting An effective CQA plan depends largely on recognition of which construction activities should be monitored and on assigning responsibilities for the monitoring of each required activity. This is most effectively accomplished and verified by the documentation of quality assurance activities. The CQA Testing Firm will provide documentation to address quality assurance requirements. Monitoring will not be continuous and full-time, although the CQA Testing Firm representative (typically this is a Soil Technician) and the Engineer will make frequent and periodic visits to inspect and/or test the work. Both parties shall keep records of their visits and observations. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 39 The Soils Technician will visit the site periodically (e.g., once per week) to document activities during placement of the structural fill and during final cover construction. Site visits by the CQA Testing Firm shall be coordinated between the Contractor and the CQA Testing Firm. The Engineer will make monthly site visits during these critical stages to review the work. The Construction Superintendent or his representative shall be present on-site daily and shall keep a record of the general construction progress, noting specifically any problems or inconsistencies that need to be brought to the Owner’s attention. The specifics of the Contractor’s records will not be spelled out, but at a minimum, daily or weekly progress records shall be kept and made available to the Owner upon request. The CQA Testing Firm will provide the Owner (or his designee) with periodic progress reports including signed descriptive remarks, data sheets, and logs to verify that required CQA activities have been carried out. These reports shall also identify potential quality assurance problems. The CQA Testing Firm will also maintain at the job site a complete file of project drawings, reports, project specifications, the CQA Plan, periodic reports, test results and other pertinent documents. The Owner shall keep this record file. 4.4.1 Periodic CQA Reports The CQA Testing Firm representative's reporting procedures will include preparation of a periodic report that will include the following information, where applicable:  A unique sheet number for cross referencing and document control;  Date, project name, location, and other identification;  Data on weather conditions;  A Site Plan showing all proposed work areas and test locations;  Descriptions and locations of ongoing construction;  Descriptions and specific locations of areas, or units, of work being tested and/or observed and documented;  Locations where tests and samples were taken;  A summary of test results (as they become available, in the case of laboratory tests);  Calibration or recalibration of test equipment, and actions taken as a result of recalibration;  Off-site materials received, including quality verification documentation; 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 40  Decisions made regarding acceptance of units of work, and/or corrective actions to be taken in instances of substandard quality;  Summaries of pertinent discussions with the Contractor and/or Engineer;  The Technician's signature. The periodic report must be completed by the end of each Technician's visit, prior to leaving the site. This information will keep at the Contractor’s office and reviewed periodically by the Owner and Engineer. The CQA Testing Firm on a weekly basis should forward copies of the Periodic CQA Reports electronically to the Engineer. Periodic CQA Reports shall be due to the Engineer no later than noon on the next working day (typically Monday) following the end of a work week (typically Friday). If a periodic visit is postponed or cancelled, that fact should be documented by the CQA Testing Firm and noted in the next periodic report. 4.4.2 CQA Progress Reports The Engineer will prepare a summary progress report each month, or at time intervals established at the pre-construction meeting. As a minimum, this report will include the following information, where applicable:  Date, project name, location, and other information;  A summary of work activities during the progress reporting period;  A summary of construction situations, deficiencies, and/or defects occurring during the progress reporting period;  A summary of all test results, failures and retests, and  The signature of the Engineer. The Engineer's progress reports must summarize the major events that occurred during that week. This report shall include input from the Contractor and the CQA Testing Firm. Critical problems that occur shall be communicated verbally to the Engineer immediately (or as appropriate, depending on the nature of the concern) as well as being included in the Periodic CQA Reports. 4.4.3 CQA Photographic Reporting Photographs shall be taken by the CQA Testing Firm at regular intervals during the construction process and in all areas deemed critical by the CQA Testing Firm. These photographs will serve as a pictorial record of work progress, problems, and mitigation activities. These records will be presented to the Engineer upon completion of the project. Electronic photographs are preferred; in which case the electronic photos should be 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 41 forwarded to the Engineer (the CQA Testing Firm shall keep copies, as well). In lieu of photographic documentation, videotaping may be used to record work progress, problems, and mitigation activities. The Engineer may require that a portion of the documentation be recorded by photographic means in conjunction with videotaping. 4.4.4 Documentation of Deficiencies The Owner and Engineer will be made aware of any significant recurring nonconformance with the project specifications. The Engineer will then determine the cause of the non- conformance and recommend appropriate changes in procedures or specification. When this type of evaluation is made, the results will be documented, and the Owner and Engineer will approve any revision to procedures or specifications. 4.4.5 Design or Specification Changes Design and/or project specification changes may be required during construction. In such cases, the Contractor will notify the Engineer and/or the Owner. The Owner will then notify the appropriate agency, if necessary. Design and/or project specification changes will be made only with the written agreement of the Engineer and the Owner and will take the form of an addendum to the project specifications. All design changes shall include a detail (if necessary) and state which detail it replaces in the plans. 4.5 Final CQA Report At the completion of each major construction activity at the landfill unit, or at periodic intervals, the CQA Testing Firm will provide final copies of all required forms, observation logs, field and laboratory testing data sheets, sample location plans, etc., in a certified report. Said report shall include summaries of all the data listed above. The Engineer will provide one or more final reports, pertinent to each portion of completed work, which will certify that the work has been performed in compliance with the plans and project technical specifications, and that the supporting documents provide the necessary information. The Engineer will provide Record Drawings, prepared with input from the Owner’s Surveyor, which will include scale drawings depicting the location of the construction and details pertaining to the extent of construction (e.g., depths, plan dimensions, elevations, soil component thicknesses, etc.). All final surveying required for the Record Drawings will be performed by the Owner’s Surveyor. The following is a suggested outline for the Final CQA Report(s). Note that some items may not be applicable to all stages of the project. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 42 FINAL CQA REPORT GENERAL OUTLINE (FINAL COVER SYSTEM) 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Project Description 3.0 CQA Program 3.1 Scope of Services 3.2 Personnel 4.0 Earthwork CQA 5.0 Final Cover System CQA 6.0 Summary and Conclusions 7.0 Project Certification Appendices A Design Clarifications/Modifications B Photographic Documentation C CQA Reporting C1. CQA Reports C2. CQA Meeting Minutes D Earthwork CQA Data D1. CQA Test Results - Control Tests D2. CQA Test Results - Record Tests E Final Cover System CQA Data E1. Manufacturer’s Product Data and QC Certificates E2. Test Results - Drainage Aggregate E3. Test Results - Vegetative Soil Layer E4. Test Results - Pressure Testing of HDPE Piping (Manufacturer data) E5. Test results on final cover compacted soil barrier/low permeability layer F Record Drawings F1. Subgrade As-Built F2. Compacted soil barrier/low permeability layer as-built drawing F3. Vegetative Soil Layer As-Built Each CQA report shall bear the signature and seal of the Engineer (or multiple Engineers as applicable), attesting that the construction was completed in accordance with the CQA plan, the conditions of the permit to construct, the requirements of the North Carolina Solid Waste Rules, and acceptable engineering practice. 4.6 Storage of Records All approved drawings and data sheets shall be stored in electronic format and as paper copies in a secure location on site. These documents will become the property of the Owner. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 43 4.7 Protection of Finished Surfaces The only relevant systems exposed after construction will be the finished slopes, including both interior and exterior slopes, various drainage systems, and the subgrade. Ground cover shall be established on all finished surfaces shall to prevent erosion, i.e., seeding of the finished surfaces within 20 days, per NC DEQ Division of Land Quality rules, or other measures for preventing erosion (e.g., mulch, rain sheets). Maintenance of finished slopes and subgrade until waste is placed is required. Exterior slopes shall be vegetated in accordance with application sediment and erosion control regulations. The Engineer shall document that the finished surfaces are adequately protected upon completion and said documentation shall be recorded in the CQA report. The Owner/Operator shall be responsible for maintaining the finished surfaces, including exterior slope vegetation and drainage conveyances, along with the interior slopes and subgrade. If finished surfaces within the waste disposal area are required to sit completed for more than 30 days following completion, the Engineer shall examine the finished surfaces prior to waste disposal and the Owner shall be responsible for any necessary repairs, e.g., erosion that might affect embankment integrity or vertical separation with a subgrade. The Engineer shall document any required maintenance or repairs prior to commencing disposal activities and place said documentation into the Operating Record. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 44 Table 4A CQA TESTING SCHEDULE FOR GENERAL EARTHWORK PROPERTY TEST METHOD MINIMUM TEST FREQUENCY CONTROL TESTS: Consistency Evaluation ASTM D 2488 (visual)1 Each Material RECORD TESTS: Lift Thickness Direct Measure Each compacted lift In-Place Density ASTM D 29222 20,000 ft2 per lift Moisture Content ASTM D 30173 20,000 ft2 per lift Subgrade Consistency within the upper 24 inches4 Visual 4 tests per acre Subgrade Consistency within the upper 24 inches4 ASTM D 4318 ASTM D 7928 ASTM WK 39106 1 test per acre Notes: 1. To be performed by Contractor Superintendent, Engineer, or CQA Testing Firm. Direct measure shall be facilitated with hand auger borings. 2. Optionally use ASTM D 1556, ASTM D 2167, or ASTM D 2937. For every 10 nuclear density tests perform at least 1 density test by ASTM D 1556, ASTM D 2167, or ASTM D 2937 as a verification of the accuracy of the nuclear testing device. Minimum required soil density is 95 percent of the standard proctor maximum dry density, which is dependent on the moisture-density characteristic developed for the specific soil during initial construction; soils which result in a failed test and the lift must reworked and retested. 2a. If “beneficial fill” materials are used to construct embankments or structural fill, the Contractor shall spread large particles evenly and fill all voids with finer soil – this is referred to as “choking off” the voids; density testing shall be suspended at the discretion of the Engineer, but judgment testing shall be applied and the use of these materials and evaluation thereof shall be documented as would any other soil placement activity 3. Optionally use ASTM D 2216, ASTM D 4643, or ASTM D 4959. For every ten (10) nuclear density- moisture tests, perform at least 1 moisture test by ASTM D 2216, ASTM D 4643, or ASTM D 4959 as a verification of the accuracy of the nuclear testing device. 4. Subgrade evaluation shall be conducted via continuous inspection with the indicated testing frequency, in order to evaluate the full 24-inch depth, of an intrusive investigation (e.g., hand auger borings) may be performed after portions of the subgrade are completed with the indicated testing frequency – all testing locations, testing types and test results shall be recorded on a site map and made part of the construction record 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 45 Table 4B CQA TESTING SCHEDULE FOR DRAINAGE AND FINAL COVER MATERIALS COMPONENT PROPERTY TEST METHOD MINIMUM TEST FREQUENCY RECORD TESTS: Gas Vent Pipes and Stone Correct type, grade and placement for pipes; correct gradation and trench dimensions for collection stone* Visual Each Vent Coarse Aggregate: Confirm Gradation Visual 5,000 CY1 Vegetative Soil Layer: (In-Situ Verification) Visual Classification ASTM D 2488 1 per acre Layer Thickness Direct measure Survey4 Notes: 1. A quarry certification is acceptable for aggregate from a commercial quarry. If on-site derived stone or a byproduct is used, i.e., crushed concrete aggregate, the gradation test frequency may be adjusted based on project specific conditions. The Engineer shall approve all materials and alternative test frequencies. Materials that do not meet relevant ASTM or AASHTO standard gradation specifications (either may be used at the discretion of the Engineer) shall be rejected. * Relative to Detail G on Drawing EC2. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 46 Table 4C CQA TESTING SCHEDULE FOR FINAL COVER COMPACTED SOIL BARRIER PROPERTY TEST METHOD MINIMUM TEST FREQUENCY RECORD TESTS: Lift Thickness Direct measure Survey4 Permeability ASTM D50841 1 per acre per lift In-Place Density ASTM D 29222 4 per acre per lift Moisture Content ASTM D 30173 4 per acre per lift Direct Shear Friction Test ASTM D 53215 1 per acre Notes: 1. Optionally use ASTM D6391. Maximum allowable confining pressure for laboratory testing under ASTM D5084 is 20 psi; maximum gradient is 10; actual confining pressure and gradient values shall be at the discretion of the engineer in charge of the CQA program. Maximum allowable soil permeability is 1 x 10-5 cm/sec; higher permeability results in a failed test and the lift must be reworked and retested. 2. Optionally use ASTM D 1556, ASTM D 2167, or ASTM D 2937. For every 10 nuclear density tests perform at least 1 density test by ASTM D 1556, ASTM D 2167, or ASTM D 2937 as a verification of the accuracy of the nuclear device. Minimum required density is dependent on the moisture-density-permeability characteristic developed for the specific soil during initial construction; lower density or incorrect moisture may result in higher permeability. Permeability criteria shall govern the determination of a passing test. 3. Optionally use ASTM D 2216, ASTM D 4643, or ASTM D 4959. For every ten nuclear-moisture tests, perform at least 1 moisture test by ASTM D 2216, ASTM D 4643, or ASTM D 4959 as a verification of the accuracy of the nuclear testing device. 4. Topographic survey to be performed by licensed surveyor, observing the following technical specifications to confirm that the minimum thickness of each proposed final cover component is constructed according to the Rule 15 NCAC 13B .0543. Each of the following layers shall be documented with individual surveys: a) The top elevations of the final intermediate soil cover layer. b) The top elevations of the final compacted soil liner layer. c) The top elevations of the final vegetation cover layer. The survey shall be performed on a regular grid or triangular grid layout – ideally the same point locations would be used for each layer based on the original construction grid; locations of each data point shall be measured to a minimum accuracy of 0.01 feet on the horizontal and vertical; any stakes placed on the slopes shall be removed and the holes backfilled with soil that is similar to the layer of interest; the backfill soil shall be placed in maximum 9 inch thick loose lifts and compacted to approximately 6 inches thickness with a hand tamp; lifts shall be measured directly down-hole with a stick or tape measure; the as-built drawings for each layer shall be drawn as layer thickness contours paralleling the slopes, i.e., an thickness isopach map, with the same 0.01 foot vertical accuracy. Digital data acquisition will be assumed. 5. These tests may be altered at the Engineer’s discretion, providing minimum standards of practice are observed and the minimum project requirements are met. 4.0 CONTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0541) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 47 Table 4D REFERENCE LIST OF ASTM TEST METHODS ASTM C 136 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates. ASTM D 698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lb/ft3). ASTM D 1556 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method. ASTM D 2167 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method. ASTM D 2216 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass. ASTM D 2488 Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure). ASTM D 2922 Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth). ASTM D 2937 Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive Cylinder Method. ASTM D 3017 Standard Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth). ASTM D 4318 Standard Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils. ASTM D 4643 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by the Microwave Oven Method. ASTM D 4959 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by Direct Heating Method. ASTM D5084 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter ASTM D 5993 Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit of Geosynthetic Clay Liners. ASTM D6391 Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Limits of Porous Materials Using Two Stages of Infiltration from a Borehole ASTM D 6768 Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liners. ASTM D 5321 Standard Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Soil and Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Friction by the Direct Shear Method ASTM D 7928 Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis ASTM WK38106 New Test Method for Particle Size Analysis for Soils Combining the Sieve and Sedimentation Techniques 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 10/15/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 48 5.1 General Conditions This Operation Plan was prepared for the A-1 Sandrock Recycling (Processing) facility and C&D landfill (CDLF) to provide the facility staff with an understanding of relevant rules and how the Engineer assumes that the facility will be operated. While deviations from the operation plan may be acceptable, changes should be reviewed by the and approved by SWS. 5.1.1 Facility Description The facility consists of CDLF and related activities located on a 75-acre tract, which is isolated by natural barriers such as creeks and wooded tracts. The site originally comprised a surface mine (borrow site) for “sandrock” (weathered granite) and other soils. Adequate on-site soil resources are available to meet the operational needs of the CDLF. The landfill is a permitted reclamation activity for the former mine that will restore the property to a usable condition for future development. Recycling activities are required as a condition of the Franchise Agreement with local government. The facility contains a CDLF processing and disposal area, with recycling activities taking place near the working face, a separate LCID processing area (no disposal) and a concrete processing area and stockpile. 5.1.2 Location and Surroundings The facility entrance is located at 2091 Bishop Road, accessible from I-85 Business via Holden Road or Groomtown Road. Bishop Road is paved and has a 45-mph posted speed limit. The entrance to the facility was enhanced with turn lanes and a widening of Bishop Road to improve visibility for traffic. Nearby facilities include an asphalt plant, other mines and landfills, a trucking terminal, a MSW transfer station, and other businesses which put heavy truck traffic on the road. The scales and office are located near the front gate, which is the only means of accessing the site by the public. A few residences exist within a mile of the facility on Bishop Road, which rely on ground water wells. The site is located in the Deep River Reservoir watershed – protection of water quality is an important issue in the permitting and operation of the facility. A regional fire department is located one-mile to the west on Bishop Road. 5.1.3 Geographic Service Area The service area authorized by the Guilford County Commissioners includes the entire political boundaries of all counties within or touching a 50-mile radius from the facility. The operator is responsible for knowing his customer base and waste stream characteristics, such that the approved service area is observed. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 49 5.1.4 Waste Stream and Intake The facility receives C&D and LCID debris from commercial haulers, contractors, and private individuals. All materials are inert and meet the NC DENR Division of Waste Management definitions. The facility expects to receive approximately 150 tons per day (4000 tpm) of combined C&D wastes and LCID. The franchise allows up to 300 tons per day. Much of the daily C&D intake will come from an affiliated waste hauling service. The intake will be source-sorted with putrescible MSW excluded to the extent possible. 5.1.5 Hours of Operation The facility is open to the public from 7 AM to 5 PM on Monday – Friday and 7 AM to 12 PM on Saturday. All current operations for the facility are within those hours. 5.2 Contact Information 5.2.1 Emergencies For fire, police, or medical/accident emergencies dial 911. 5.2.2 A-1 Sandrock, Inc., Administrative Offices Mr. R.E. ‘Gene’ Petty, Sr. – Owner/Operator Mr. Ronnie E. Petty, III – Owner/Operator A-1 Sandrock, Inc. 2091 Bishop Road Greensboro, NC 27406 Tel. 336-855-8195 5.2.3 North Carolina Department of Environment Quality (NCDEQ) Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Section Division of Energy, Minerals and Land Resources - Land Quality Section 450 West Hanes Mill Road, Suite 300 Winston-Salem, NC 27105 Phone: 336-776-9800 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 50 5.3 Permitted Activities This document was prepared in pursuit of a Permit to Operate from the NC DEQ Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section, for construction of Phase 3 within the permitted footprint and continued operation of Phases 1 – 3 (and future Phase 4) over a 5- year operating cycle. The following is a comprehensive summary of the permitted solid waste activities within the 75-acre facility, shown on Drawings E1 – E6: Activities conducted under Permit #41-17 (Processing Facility):  Receipt of wood wastes and inert debris (C&D and LCID)  Sorting recyclables, shredding or grinding the wastes1  Removal of incidental non-compliant wastes2  Production of mulch, boiler fuel, aggregates3  Temporary storage of products in roll off boxes4 Activities conducted under Permit #41-17 (CDLF disposal unit):  Disposal of construction and demolition debris  Disposal of asbestos wastes in a designated area 1 Primary recyclables include aggregates, wood wastes, and metals; aggregates derived from the two sources may be combined, wood wastes derived from the two sources may be blended for fuel; typically, the C&D wastes are better suited for boiler fuel, LCID wastes are better suited for mulching, thus the two waste streams are typically not blended; no other blending shall occur 2 Includes MSW and other non-C&D wastes that inadvertently enter the C&D waste stream at construction sites – these materials will be placed in roll-off boxes and taken to the nearby MSW transfer station on a weekly basis; no MSW disposal shall occur at this facility 3 Materials typically will be distributed off-site, but some on-site use of mulch outside of the active C&D unit will occur (with limitations on application rates), and aggregates may be used on-site; all non-fuel wood wastes processed at the facility will be considered as mulch – not compost – with no nutrient value 4 Products typically include, metals, cardboard, and plastic containers. All sorting and grinding activities will take place within the approved CDLF footprint. Finished goods may be stored outside the CDLF footprint within designated areas (approved for mining disturbance) that have drainage control. No mining, processing or disposal activities shall occur within designated stream buffers, wetlands, or the 100-year floodplain. All activities and areas are accessible only via a single gate and are secure after hours. Each permitted activity is described in brief detail in Section 5.4. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 51 5.4 Description of Facilities 5.4.1 Processing Facility The Owners of the facility intend to accept appropriate C&D and LCID wastes for recycling into boiler fuel, mulch, aggregates, and reclaimed of metals. All C&D materials shall be weighed and recorded, with accurate accounting to account for material flow. Intake materials shall be processed within the approved CDLF footprint, separated from the active working face by a safe distance. Public access to the processing area and working face is restricted – C&D unloading, processing and disposal areas must be separated by a minimum of 50 feet – and the LCID processing area will be separate from the C&D processing facility. The tipping and processing areas have runoff control measures that integrate into the main storm water system but can be isolated in the event of a spill of fuel, oil, or hazardous materials. Operations shall be scheduled around the weather to minimize contact between the waste and water – no grinding of C&D wastes shall take place in the rain. Non-processed materials scheduled for recycling shall be sorted and placed in stockpiles or containers, e.g. 100-cubic yard trailers or 40-cubic yard roll-off boxes, which can be covered. Recyclables may be processed and stored within the Phase 1 footprint or in designated Areas A – E outside the CDLF footprint. Maximum stockpile volumes shown in Drawing S1 are theoretical. The Operator shall manage stockpiles or storage containers in accordance with applicable fire protection and runoff control measures. Section 6 provides further guidance on stockpile size and operations of the processing facility. Areas A – E are not to be used for permanent storage or disposal of materials, except for clean soil and natural rocks. Recyclable C&D materials shall be shipped to established markets or used on the premises in a beneficial manner. Non-recyclable C&D wastes shall be disposed within the on-site C&D disposal facility. One or more roll-off boxes shall be kept on-hand for inadvertent MSW that might come into the facility, which shall be removed on a weekly basis. Finished materials shall be removed (or turned) at least quarterly, except for aggregates and soil (see Section 5.7). 5.4.2 CDLF (Phases 1 – 4) The CDLF is an unlined landfill encompassing 25.5 acres, approved circa February 2004. Phases are sized to last approximately 5 years, coinciding with the 5-year Permit to Operate cycle. All phases drain toward large perimeter channels, which in turn lead to the main sedimentation basin. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 52  All E&S measures were designed in accordance with 15A NCAC 4 and were approved by the (now) NCDEQ Division of Energy, Minerals and Land Resources.  The edge of waste is clearly staked with permanent markers.  Closure of various phases will be incremental, conducted in accordance with the approved Closure/Post-Closure Plan.  Financial Assurance requirements will be adjusted on a yearly basis to account for new areas opening and those being closed.  Operation of the C&D Landfill will be in strict accordance with Solid Waste rules, including groundwater and landfill gas monitoring programs.  Other applicable permits include the E&S program and a storm water certificate. 5.5 Facility Drawings A copy of the approved Facility Plan and construction drawings must be kept on-site always. Several sets of drawings submitted to various agencies exist, e.g., local government site plan approval, the original mine permit application and solid waste applications; revisions have occurred over time. The Engineer should be consulted to resolve conflicts between drawings. The Owner/Operator shall note the location of the active working face on the facility plan, noting areas that have come to final grade and areas that are closed – the map shall be updated continuously and filed with the Operating Record (Section 5.12). The drawings show the locations of special waste disposal areas (i.e., asbestos), soil borrow and stockpile areas. 5.6 Staff Responsibilities It is essential that every staff member understand the requirements of not only their assigned tasks but of the regulatory and safety requirements for the entire facility. Each worker should understand that the overall compliance of the facility affects not only their position at the facility but the future ability to continue operations beyond the next 5-year permit review. All staff should be vigilant about enforcing the waste acceptance policy and to make sure that all aspects of the operation, from mowing the grass to the daily transfer or disposal of waste, are conducted in an environmentally sound manner. Every staff member shall receive instruction on “preventative maintenance” pertaining to ground water and surface water quality, and how to protect these features, in addition to waste acceptance criteria and operational requirements that pertain to each individual’s specific duties. The critical importance of preserving environmental quality and maintaining operational compliance should be a topic for discussion at regular staff meetings, along with issues concerning safety and efficient operation of the facility. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 53 In accordance with Rule .0542(j)(2), a trained operator must be on duty at all times when the facility is open to the public and/or when operations are being conducted. All training shall be documented, and Operator’s certifications shall be kept current. 5.7 Inspections and Maintenance The following O&M schedule highlights some, but not all, of the major the requirements for routine facility inspection and maintenance at both the recycling facility and the CDLF. This schedule is intended to serve as a guide for the Owner/Operator for addressing short- term and long-term issues, but the O&M schedule does not alleviate the Owner/Operator of key rule requirements, whether they are covered here. Of particular emphasis, the Owner/Operator shall adhere to the following:  Collect trash and windblown debris around the scale, buildings, and areas outside the working face daily in compliance with Rule 15 NCAC 13B .0542(g)(3).  Note the date and time of cover placement (periodic and interim covers) in the operating record in compliance with Rule .0542(f)(2). The following tabulated summary for normal operations (see Sections 6.0 and 7.0) hereby replaces the O&M Checklist presented in the 2009 permit application: Daily  Remove any Trash or Debris at Facility Entrance, Scales, Driveways, Ditches  Remove any Trash or Debris around CDLF and Processing Areas, including Trees  Check for Windblown Debris Escaping CDLF Working Face  Verify All Waste Intake Processed and/or Disposed within 48 hours  Verify Working Face under One-Half Acre (200 x 200 feet)  Check Finished Goods Stockpiles for Foreign Materials or Trash  File Waste Inspection Forms (Minimum 3 per Week) Weekly  Verify Working Face is Covered Weekly  Verify Access Roads are Passable  Check for Spills or Leaks on Roads, Processing and Storage Areas, Working Face  Verify that Inactive Disposal Areas are Covered per Solid Waste Rules  Check for Proper Drainage Conditions, Erosion, Sediment Buildup  Inspect Gates, Locks, Fences, Signs  Check Communication and Surveillance Equipment  Check Mulch Stockpile Size (should be under 6000 cy) 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 54 Monthly  Check for Excess Erosion on Slopes or Benches and Ditches  Verify Vegetation is Healthy on Slopes, Ditches and Shoulders  Verify that Sediment Basin Primary Outlet is Draining within 5 Days Semi-Annually  CDLF Slope Vegetation Mowed (Minimum Twice per Year)  Inspect for CDLF Slopes Cracking, Sloughing, Bulging, Excess Erosion  Turn or Remove Finished Mulch Stockpiles (Minimum Twice per Year)  Mow Clear Access Paths to Monitoring Wells Annually  Staff Training Certifications Up to Date  Annual Topographic Survey of CDLF 5.8 Access Control 5.8.1 Physical Restraints – The site is accessible by the single entrance gate. All customers and visitors shall check-in upon arrival; all incoming waste-hauling vehicles shall cross the scales. The entrance gates will be securely locked during non-operating hours. 5.8.2 Security – Frequent inspections of gates and fences will be performed by landfill personnel. Evidence of trespassing, vandalism, or illegal operation will be reported to the Owner. 5.8.3 All-Weather Access – The on-site roads will be paved or otherwise hardened and maintained for all-weather access. 5.8.4 Traffic – The Operator shall direct traffic to a waiting area, if needed, and onto the working face with safe access to an unloading site is available. Once a load is emptied, the delivery vehicle will leave the working face immediately. 5.8.5 Anti-Scavenging Policy – The removal of previously deposited waste by members of the public (or the landfill staff) is strictly prohibited by the Division for safety reasons. The Operator shall enforce this mandate and discourage loitering after a vehicle is unloaded. No persons that are not affiliated with the landfill or having business at the facility (i.e., customers) shall be allowed onto or near the working face. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 55 5.8.6 Signage – A prominent sign containing the information required by the Division shall be placed just inside the main gate. This sign will provide information on operating hours, operating procedures, and acceptable wastes. Additional signage will be provided within the landfill complex to distinctly distinguish access routes. Restricted access areas will be clearly marked and barriers (e.g., traffic cones, barrels, etc.) will be used. 5.8.7 Communications – Visual and radio communications will be maintained between the C&D landfill and the landfill scale house and field operators. The scale house has telephones in case of emergency and for the conduct of day-to-day business. Emergency telephone numbers (Fire and Rescue) are displayed in the scale house. 5.9 Fire and Safety 5.9.1 Fire Prevention – Stockpiles in the processing facility shall take measures to prevent fires in the raw materials and finished goods. Stockpiles (and the disposal area) shall be inspected daily for signs of smoke or combustion. All stockpiles shall be separated by a minimum distance of 25 feet for access. Any single pile of combustible materials shall be limited to 6,000 cy in size and turned on a quarterly basis or when dictated by temperature. If a stockpile is in place for more than six months, it shall be monitored for dryness and temperature. A maximum allowable temperature shall be 120℉. Landfills shall be inspected daily for signs of smoke or combustion. Signs to look for include cracks that are venting smoke or excessive steam and have elevated temperatures. Mitigation of excess temperatures in landfills largely depends on the depth that the temperatures occur. At lower depths, the level of oxygen is low enough that fire is less likely to occur; access is limited. Elevated temperatures at shallow depths may require mitigation, e.g., spreading the waste or sprinkling with water to cool the “hot spot.” Care should be taken when excavating into waste to avoid ignition or flareups. Fire Control – Fires in landfills and stockpiles (especially LCID facilities) have been a regulatory concern in recent times. The possibility of fire within the landfill or a piece of equipment must be anticipated. A combination of factory installed fire suppression systems and/or portable fire extinguishers shall be kept operational on all heavy equipment. Brush fires of within the waste may be smothered with soil, if combating the fire poses no danger to the staff. The use of water to combat the fire is allowable, but soil is preferable. For larger or more serious fire outbreaks, the local fire department will respond. In the event of any size fire at the facility, the Owner shall contact NCDEQ Division Waste Management personnel within 24 hours and complete a Fire Notification Form (Appendix 4B) within 15 days, which will be placed in the Operating Record. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 56 5.9.2 Personal Safety – Safety is a key concern with the operation of this facility. All aspects of operation were planned with the health and safety of the landfill's operating staff, customers, and neighbors in mind. Prior to commencing operations, a member of the management staff will be designated as Site Safety Officer. This individual, together with the Facility's management will modify the site safety and emergency response program as needed to comply with National Solid Waste Management Association and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidance. Staff safety meetings (minimum one per month) shall be conducted. Safety equipment to be provided includes (at a minimum) equipment rollover protective cabs, seat belts, audible reverse warning devices, hard hats, safety shoes, and first aid kits. The working face of a landfill is an inherently dangerous place due to the movement of heavy equipment, steep slopes, obstacles to pedestrian movement and sometimes poor visibility (such as equipment backing up). These considerations are also a concern for the sorting and grinding operations, as well as the concern for flying debris that can be ejected from a tub grinder. Safety for customers will be promoted by the Operator and his staff by always knowing where the equipment and customer vehicles are moving. Radio communications between the scale house and the field staff will help keep track of the location and movement of customers. The processing areas (C&D and LCID) and public access areas shall be located no closer than 50 feet to the working face of the CDLF disposal unit. Signs, fences and/or physical barriers will be used to separate public access areas from the working face of the CDLF and the waste processing areas (sorting, grinding, etc.). Activities that could endanger the public shall not be conducted when non-employees are present. Vehicles transporting waste to the facility and/or the public shall not have access to the working face. Children under the age of 16 shall not be allowed in the facility. No waste unloading, grinding or disposal activities shall be conducted after dark. 5.10 Other Regulatory Requirements 5.10.1 Sedimentation and Erosion Control – All aspects of the facility operation are subject to the requirements of 15A NCAC 4, the Sedimentation and Erosion Control rules. Runoff measures for this facility were designed in accordance with this rule and approved by the now NCDEQ Division of Energy, Minerals and Land Resources, Land Quality Section. Approved S&EC measures shall be installed and maintained throughout the operational life of the facility and into the post-closure period (see Closure/Post Closure Plan, Section 7.0). Measures to curtail erosion include vegetative cover and woody mulch as ground cover. Measures to control sedimentation include stone check dams in surface 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 57 ditches, sediment traps and basins. As of March 2013, all exposed soils, regardless of whether they are inside or outside the disposal area, shall be vegetated or otherwise stabilized within 15 days after any given area is brought to final grade. 5.10.2 Water Quality (Storm Water) Protection – Due to the mining permit, this facility is covered by NC DEQ Division of Water Quality Storm Water General Permit, NCG020000 – Certification No. NCG020633. Compliance with the provisions of the permit – and the monitoring requirements – is required. A Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan was prepared for the facility, in accordance with the General Permit, which shall be observed and incorporated into the daily operation of the facility. Steps to protect water quality include diverting surface water (“run-on”) away from the disposal area, allowing no impounded water inside the disposal area, and avoiding the placement of solid waste into standing water. The facility is obligated by law not to discharge pollutants into the waters of the United States (i.e. surface streams and wetlands). Any conditions the Operator suspects might constitute a discharge should be mitigated immediately – appropriate agencies and the Engineer should be contacted. 5.11 Miscellaneous Requirements 5.11.1 Minimizing Surface Water Contact – Protection of water quality is a key interest in the operation of this facility. Although C&D wastes are typically inert, there can be chemical residues present in the C&D (e.g., solvents) that can mobilize upon contact with water – i.e., leachate generation – and which can enter the environment via storm water runoff. This tends to be more prevalent when the wastes are processed (sorted and ground) due to increased surface area available to contact the water source and increased exposure to ambient conditions. Whereas the tipping and processing areas will be uncovered, the C&D processing facility shall not be operated during rain events to minimize contact between the waste and surface water, thus minimizing leachate generation. Activities pertaining to the processing facility should be scheduled to accommodate the weather forecast. During periods of light rain unloading may occur and sorting operations may occur if no runoff is visible, but no grinding shall occur. During heavy rain (with visible runoff) or periods of high wind the incoming (unprocessed) materials shall be stockpiled and covered with tarps (secured against wind) or incorporated into the working face to minimize contact with water. Processed materials (including source-sorted loads) shall be placed in appropriate (covered) containers – i.e., transport trailers or roll-off boxes. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 58 5.11.2 Processing Facility Operation over the CDLF – The Processing Facility (tipping, sorting, loading) activities will move within the C&D footprint to be near the working face of the CDLF unit, albeit a safe distance (minimum of 50 feet) shall be maintained, to promote safety of workers and the public (Section 5.9.2). The Processing Facility may be located atop an inactive portion of the CDLF unit. When the Processing Facility is to be operated over an inactive portion of the CDLF, a soil pad with a minimum thickness of 2 feet shall be placed beneath the processing facility operational area (including the tipping and grinding areas), in addition to the interim soil cover that might already be present (see Section 7.4.2). The purpose of the supplemental operating soil pad is to protect the underlying wastes – and water quality – against possible spills, leaks and/or the introduction of non-compliant materials (liquids) that might escape detection in the preliminary screening. The soil pad serves as a sorbent layer that can be removed in the case of an incident, minimizing the chance of the incident affecting the ground water or surface water monitoring system, and maintaining adequate coverage for the underlying wastes. The soil pad may be removed at the end of the processing operation and/or prior to placement of final cover and/or additional waste disposal. 5.11.3 Equipment Maintenance – Facility equipment consists of a variety of excavators, loaders, dozers, dump trucks, and specialized equipment, e.g., a tub grinder for LCID and a separate grinder with power screens for aggregates. Most of the equipment is used in the normal course of mining operations. The Owner represents that he has sufficient resources to provide and maintain the needed equipment to operate the facility. A maintenance schedule for the facility equipment is beyond the scope of this Operations Plan. The Operator (or their designee) should develop a routine equipment maintenance program to lessen the likelihood of fluid spills or leaks. Fuel and lubricants shall be stored always under covers and/or with secondary containment systems that are separate from the principle storm water drainage systems. Care shall be taken when servicing or fueling equipment to prevent spills. Driveways, shop areas and all operations areas where heavy equipment is working shall be inspected daily for signs of spills and leaks. Equipment should be parked overnight and serviced in areas that will not contaminate the facility storm water management systems. Care shall be taken not to allow any hazardous substance to enter the surface water or ground water, including (but not limited to) fuel, oil, hydraulic fluid, pesticides, and herbicides. The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and NC DEQ Storm Water General Permit requirements shall be observed. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 59 5.11.4 Utilities – Electrical power, water, telephone, and restrooms will be provided at the scale house. Other sanitary facilities shall be provided for the field staff, as needed. Two-way radios or cell phones shall be provided to the field staff for communication with the scale house. Portable light plants may be required to promote safe operation of the processing facility in the late afternoon or evening. 5.11.5 Vector Control – Steps shall be employed to minimize the risk of disease carrying vectors associated with the landfill (e.g., birds, rodents, dogs, mosquitoes). The C&D wastes should be mostly inert (subject to the waste screening procedures) and not attractive to animals. Pools of standing water should be avoided. 5.11.6 Air Quality Criteria Dust Control – Measures shall be taken to control dust from the operations. Dusty wastes shall be covered immediately with soil and water shall be sprinkled on roads and other exposed surfaces (including operational cover and/or the working face, as needed) to control dust. Disposal activities may need to be suspended during high winds. Open Burning – No open burning of any waste shall be allowed. State Implementation Plan – Compliance with the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for air quality under Section 110 of the Clean Air Act, as required by 15A NCAC 13B .0531 et seq., is demonstrated with the following discussion. Typically, the SIP focuses on industries that require air permits and activities that have regulated emissions that contribute to unhealthy levels of ozone (NOx, SO4, VOC’s), particularly coal combustion (electric power plants) and other “smokestack” industries. Compliance with the spirit of the SIP is demonstrated by the prohibition of combustion of solid waste, the fact that the wastes are generally inert and do not emit sufficient quantities of landfill gas to require active controls (such as flaring), and the status of the regional attainment. The facility is not located in a designated area of non-attainment for ozone and/or fine particle emissions. Nonetheless, proactive steps that can be taken at the facility include dust control measures (see below) to minimize airborne particle emissions: minimizing the idling time on trucks and equipment, keeping mechanized equipment in good operating condition, and the use of low-sulfur fuels, subject to availability. Adherence to the waste acceptance criteria will minimize VOC emissions. Regular application of periodic cover will reduce the risk of fires and curtail wind-blown debris. The proper use of vegetative cover will further minimize fugitive emissions of dust and particulates. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 60 5.11.7 Litter Control – Appropriate measures will be taken to control trash and windblown debris within and around the facility, including litter on Bishop Road. The site and entrance will be policed for litter on a weekly basis and such materials will be collected and disposed of properly. 5.12 Operating Record The Operating Record shall consist of one or more files, notebooks, or computerized records and associated maps that document the day-to-day facility operations, including the waste intake and sources, transfer records, routine waste placement, cover, and closure activities (for the CDLF), and routine or special maintenance requirements and follow up activities. The following records shall be maintained: A Daily intake tonnage records - including source of generation B Tonnage and type of recycled materials shipped offsite C The locations and date of waste placement, interim cover placement, and final cover placement shall be recorded on the facility map as these activities are performed. D Waste inspection records (on designated forms); fire notification forms; E Quantity, location of disposal, generator, and special handling procedures employed for all special wastes disposed of at the site F Generators or haulers that have attempted to dispose of restricted wastes G Employee training procedures and records of training completed H Ground water quality monitoring information including: 1. Copy of the current Sampling and Analysis Plan (Monitoring Plan) 2. Monitoring well construction records 3. Sampling reports 4. Records of inspections, repairs, etc. I Notation of the date and time of the cover placement (both periodic and interim covers) must be recorded in the operating recorded in compliance with Rule .0542(f)(2). J Closure and post-closure information, where applicable, including: 1. Testing 2. Certification 3. Completion records 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 61 K Cost estimates for financial assurance documentation L Annual topographic survey of the active disposal phase M Records of operational problems or repairs needed at the facility, e.g., slope maintenance, upkeep of SE&C measures, other structures N Equipment maintenance records O Daily rainfall records (via on-site rain gauge) P Landfill gas monitoring information: 1. Quarterly methane monitoring records 2. Landfill Gas Monitoring and Control Plan Q Updated Financial Assurance Documentation R Compliance Audit Records (by the Solid Waste Section) and documentation of follow up measures to ensure compliance S Copies of the Operation Plan, Closure and Post Closure Plan, Sediment and Erosion Control Plan, Construction Drawings, Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, Storm Water General Permit Certificate of Coverage, and Solid Waste Permit The Owner or their designee will keep the Operating Record up to date. Records shall be presented upon request to DWM for inspection. A copy of this Operations Plan shall be kept at the landfill and available for use at all times, along with the Closure/Post-Closure Plan, the Monitoring Plan, and Monitoring Records. 5.13 Annual Report The facility shall file an annual report with the NC DEQ Division of Waste Management by August 1 of each year, detailing the activities for the preceding July 1 through June 30. Records shall include types and amounts of wastes received, reused, recycled, and distributed. Material quantities shall be reported annually in tons. The C&D landfill rules require an annual survey to determine slope, height, and volume (see Section 7.5). The reporting requirements include an annual topographic map prepared by a licensed surveyor. The map shall show areas that are stabilized with vegetation. The Storm Water General Permit, issued by NC DEQ Division of Waste Quality, has an annual sampling and reporting requirement. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 62 5.14 Contingency Plan 5.14.1 Hot Loads Contingency – In the event of a "hot" load attempting to enter the landfill, the scale house staff will turn away all trucks containing waste that is suspected to be hot, unless there is imminent danger to the driver. The vehicle will be isolated away from structures and other traffic and the fire department will be called. The vehicle will not be allowed to unload until the fire is out. If a hot load is detected on the working face, then the load will be treated as a fire condition (see Section 5.9), whereas the load will be spread as thin as possible and cover soil will be immediately placed on the waste to extinguish the fire. Other traffic will be redirected to another tipping area (away from the fire), or other waste deliveries may be suspended until the fire is out. The fire will be monitored to ensure it does not spread. If the fire cannot be controlled, the fire department will be notified, and the area cleared of non-essential personnel. 5.14.2 Hazardous Waste Contingency – In the event identifiable hazardous waste or waste of questionable character is detected at the scales or in the landfill, appropriate protective equipment, personnel, and materials shall be employed to protect the staff and public. Hazardous waste identification may be based on (but not limited to) strong odors, fumes or vapors, unusual colors or appearance (e.g., liquids), smoke, flame, or excess dust. The fire department will be called immediately if a hazardous material is detected. An attempt will be made to isolate the wastes in a designated area where runoff is controlled, preferably prior to unloading, and the vicinity will be cleared of personnel until trained emergency personnel (fire or haz-mat) take control of the scene. Staff will act prudently to protect personnel, but no attempt will be made to remove the material until trained personnel arrive. A partial listing of regional Hazardous Waste Responders and disposal firms is found in Appendix 4C. The Operator will notify the Division (see Section 5.2.3) that an attempt was made to dispose of hazardous waste at the landfill. If the vehicle attempting disposal of such waste is known, attempts will be made to prevent that vehicle from leaving the site until it is identified (license tag, truck number driver and/or company information) or, if the vehicle leaves the site, immediate notice will be served on the owner of the vehicle that hazardous waste, for which they have responsibility, has been disposed of at the landfill. The landfill staff will assist the Division as necessary and appropriate in the removal and disposition of the hazardous waste (acting under qualified supervision) and in the prosecution of responsible parties. If needed, the hazardous waste will be covered with on- site soils, tarps, or other covering until such time when an appropriate method can be 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 63 implemented to properly handle the waste. The cost of the removal and disposing of the hazardous waste will be charged to the owner of the vehicle involved. Any vehicle owner or operator who knowingly dumps hazardous waste in the landfill may be barred from using the landfill or reported to law enforcement authorities. Any hazardous waste found at the scales or in the landfill that requires mitigation under this plan shall be documented by staff using the Waste Screening Form provided in Appendix 4A. Records of information gathered as part of the waste screening programs will be placed in the Operating Record and maintained throughout the facility operation. 5.14.3 Severe Weather Contingency – Inclement weather can affect the operation of the landfill. Some anticipated conditions and recommended responses are as follows. 5.14.3.1 Ice Storms – An ice storm can hinder access to the landfill, prevent movement or placement of periodic cover, and, thus, may require closure of the landfill until the ice is removed or has melted and the access roads are passable without risk to personnel of the side slopes cover. 5.14.3.2 Heavy Rains – Exposed soil surfaces can create a muddy situation in some portions of the landfill during rainy periods. The control of drainage and use of crushed stone (or recycled aggregates) on unpaved roads should provide all- weather access for the site and promote drainage away from critical areas. In areas where the aggregate surface is washed away or otherwise damaged, aggregate should be replaced. Intense rains can affect newly constructed drainage structures such as swales, diversions, cover soils, and vegetation. After such a rain event, inspection by landfill personnel will be initiated and corrective measures taken to repair any damage found before the next rainfall. Processing activities should be planned to avoid sorting and grinding during periods of rain. Ideally, waste deliveries should be suspended until the rain passes, but if unloading in the rain cannot be avoided, the debris piles should be kept small as possible and covered with tarps. Sorting should be completed as soon as practical and all materials cleared from the tipping area to avoid contact with rain or runoff. 5.14.3.3 Electrical Storms – The open area of a landfill is susceptible to the hazards of an electrical storm. If necessary, landfill activities will be temporarily suspended during such an event. To promote the safety of field personnel, refuge will be taken in buildings or in rubber-tire vehicles. 5.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 64 5.14.3.4 Windy Conditions – High winds can create windblown wastes, typically paper and plastic, but larger objects have been known to blow in extreme circumstances. Operations should be suspended if blowing debris becomes a danger to staff, after the working face is secured. The proposed operational sequence minimizes the occurrence of unsheltered operations relative to prevailing winds. If this is not adequate during a particularly windy period, work will be temporarily shifted to a more sheltered area. When this is done, the previously exposed face will be immediately covered with periodic cover. Soil cover shall be applied whenever windblown wastes become a problem. Staff shall patrol the perimeter of the landfill periodically, especially on windy days, to remove windblown litter from tress and adjacent areas. Windscreens of various sorts have been used with mixed success at other facilities in the region. Proper planning for windy conditions is essential. 5.14.3.5 Violent Storms – In the event of a hurricane, tornado, or severe winter storm warning issued by the National Weather Service, landfill operations shall be suspended temporarily until the warning is lifted. Periodic cover will be placed on exposed waste and buildings and equipment will be properly secured. In the event of eminent danger to staff or the public, personal safety shall take precedence over other concerns. 6.0 PROCESSING FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 10/15/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 65 6.1 Overview This section describes the general waste intake and handling operations for the Processing (Recycling) facility. These protocols shall be followed, regardless of whether the material is source-sorted and delivered by affiliated waste transport vehicles or brought to the facility by private contractors or the public. 6.2 Acceptable Wastes The Facility shall only accept these waste types generated within approved service area:  Construction Debris: Unpainted and untreated wood, plywood, particle board, hardboard, gypsum board, siding, flooring, asphalt shingles, etc., from new residential or commercial construction;  Demolition Debris: Concrete, brick, block and asphalt will be accepted; unpainted and untreated wood, roofing, insulation, piping, wallboard, siding, etc., from residential and commercial remodeling, repair, or demolition operations, will be accepted after the Facility produces certificates of training for the staff pertaining to the identification and safe handling of hazardous materials (e.g., asbestos, lead paint);  Land Clearing and Inert Debris: Stumps, trees, limbs, brush, other vegetation, concrete, brick, concrete block, clean soils and rock, untreated/unpainted wood, etc. 6.3 Prohibited Wastes No municipal solid waste (MSW), hazardous waste as defined by 15A NCAC 13A .0102, including hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators (CESQG waste), or liquid waste will be accepted at this facility. In addition, no tires, batteries, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) waste, electronic devices (computer monitors), or mercury switches and fluorescent lamps will be accepted. Animal carcasses will not be accepted. No oils, grease, solvents, or fluids of any kind will be accepted, nor will bagged wastes or any putrescible or household wastes. A partial listing of prohibited wastes is presented on Table 6.1 following this section. 6.4 Waste Processing To assure that no prohibited waste enters the Facility, a waste screening program will be implemented (see Section 6.4.1). Waste received at the scale house will be inspected by 6.0 PROCESSING FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 66 trained personnel. These individuals will be trained to spot indications of suspicious wastes, including: hazardous material placards or markings, liquids, powders or dusts, sludges, bright or unusual colors, drums or commercial size containers, and "chemical" odors. Screening programs for visual and olfactory characteristics of prohibited wastes will be an ongoing part of the Facility operation. 6.4.1 Waste Receiving and Screening All incoming vehicles must stop at the scale house located near the entrance of the facility and visitors are required to sign-in. All waste transportation vehicles shall be uncovered prior to entering the scales to facilitate inspection. All incoming loads shall be weighed, and the content of the load assessed. The attendant shall request from the driver of the vehicle a description of the waste it is carrying to ensure that unacceptable waste is not allowed into the Facility. Signs informing users of acceptable and unacceptable types of waste shall be posted near the facility entrance. The attendant shall visually check the vehicle as it crosses the scale. Suspicious loads will be pulled aside for inspection prior to leaving the scale area. Loads with unacceptable materials or wastes generated from outside of the service area will be directed to the nearby Transfer Station. Once passing the scales, incoming transport vehicles will be routed to the tipping area for unloading, inspection, sorting and appropriate processing, depending on the nature of the load – C&D and LCID materials will go to separate areas (Sections 6.4.2 and 6.4.3). Incoming vehicles shall be selected at random for screening a minimum of three times per week. The selection of vehicles for screening might be based on unfamiliarity with the vehicle/driver or based on the driver’s responses to interrogation about the load content. Vehicles selected for inspection shall be directed to an isolated area away from the stockpile of materials, where the vehicle will be unloaded, and the waste shall be carefully spread using suitable equipment. An attendant trained to identify unacceptable wastes shall inspect the waste, using the Waste Screening Form (Appendix 4A) to document the waste screening activity. After the waste screening inspection of a load, one of the following activities will occur:  If no unacceptable waste is found, the load will be pushed to the active recycling area and processed with the remainder of the day’s intake;  If unacceptable materials are found, the entire load will be isolated and secured via barricades, then loaded into roll-off boxes for disposal at a permitted facility;  Non-hazardous materials will be reloaded onto the delivery vehicle for removal from the facility, the hauler will be escorted to the nearby MSW Transfer Station;  If hazardous materials are detected, the Hazardous Waste Contingency Plan outlined in Section 5.14 will be followed. 6.0 PROCESSING FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 67 The hauler will be responsible for removing unacceptable waste from the Facility. The rejection of the load shall be noted on the Waste Screening Form, along with the identification of the driver and vehicle. A responsible party to the load generator or hauler shall be notified that the load was rejected. The generator or hauler may be targeted for more frequent waste screening and/or banished from delivering to the facility, depending on the nature of the violation of the waste acceptance policy. State and County authorities may be notified of severe or repeat offenders. 6.4.2 LCID Processing The Facility may recycle LCID to make mulch, boiler fuel, and aggregates. LCID wastes generally consist of brush, limbs, tree trunks, stumps, leaves, dirt, inert debris, and other materials defined by the NC DENR Solid Waste rules. LCID materials may be stockpiled and shredded or ground within a designated area (in a future CDLF phase) but separated from the CDLF working face. Some LCID materials may be combined with similar C&D materials post-processing – e.g., wood wastes that can be ground into boiler fuel and inert debris that can be processed into aggregates. LCID materials shall not be commingled with other materials prior to processing, except for concrete debris. 6.4.3 C&D Processing The Facility may recycle C&D wastes aggregates, boiler fuel, mulch, and beneficial fill. Typically, C&D materials are anticipated to arrive source-sorted, having been transported by an affiliated hauler, but some private hauling will occur. Sorting will take place at least 50 feet from the CDLF working face, with appropriate runoff controls and S&EC measures in place. The sorted materials will be redirected to appropriate stockpiles and/or roll-off boxes and temporarily stored for further processing (see below). Non-recyclable C&D materials will be pushed into the CDLF working face (Section 7.0). Co-mingling of pre- process or interim stage processed materials from the C&D and LCID waste streams will NOT be allowed (except for concrete debris). Separate stockpiles or containers shall be maintained. Concrete debris is processed in a separate area. All materials will be strictly accounted for, including those in various stages of processing, stockpiled finished goods, on-site beneficial-use materials and/or distribution off-site. 6.4.4 Disposal of Rejected Wastes All waste loads will be inspected upon arrival, in order to reject inappropriate material before it is unloaded or such that it can be reloaded onto the transport vehicle and sent to an appropriate facility. One or more roll-off boxes will be kept on-site for disposal of any 6.0 PROCESSING FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 68 “reject” materials that are found in the waste during material sorting, e.g., small quantities of garbage (chiefly food containers), plastic packaging, paint cans, insulation, carpet, etc. Such “rejects” will be placed into the roll-off boxes and removed from the site for disposal at an approved facility, e.g. the nearby Transfer Station on Bishop Road or another approved MSW facility. The roll-off boxes will be removed on a weekly basis. The number of roll-off boxes required will depend on the market trends; A-1 and affiliated businesses own an ample supply of roll-off boxes. Operations will be conducted to minimize the amount of reject materials through source sorting – this facility will not become a MSW transfer station. 6.4.5 Processing to Finishing Goods Processing activities shall be limited to grinding, shredding, or chipping land clearing debris, unpainted/untreated wood waste (including pallets and new construction waste), and certain engineered wood products (plywood, particle board), to make boiler fuel or mulch (but not compost). Inert materials will be processed and recycled into aggregates. The operation of the Processing Facility will include the following:  Pre-processed sorted C&D (raw materials) will be stockpiled temporarily in the designated processing areas, either adjacent to the working face or Areas A – E.  Woody materials suitable for making mulch and/or boiler fuel (including pallets) will be ground or shredded on a monthly schedule and stockpiled in designated areas (on the ground) and/or shipping containers.  Earthen inert materials (dirt, rocks, concrete debris) suitable for “beneficial fill” (defined by Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0562) and/or processing into aggregates will be ground or shredded and stockpiled in designated areas.  Metals will be placed in roll-off boxes and kept clean and ready to haul to off-site recycling operations until a full load is reached.  NC DEQ guidelines apply for storing and processing asphalt shingles intended for recycling (see Section 6.4.8). Source-sorted, new (non-asbestos), tear-off asphalt shingles may be stored for recycling. Shingles accepted for disposal only should be sent to the working face. No grinding of shingles shall be conducted onsite. Temporary storage areas A – E provide considerable space for managing bulky materials, intended to enhance the volume of recycling by the Facility. The volume of non-processed and finished recyclable materials which the Facility may have on premises will be limited only by the availability of space needed to conduct compliant operations. 6.0 PROCESSING FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 69 Plans are to process recyclables and move them off-site or use them in a beneficial manner on a quarterly basis (or more frequently). Obviously, market conditions will influence the rate of intake, the ability to process and the sale of materials. Requirements for safe storage of materials vary depending on the nature of the materials, i.e., whether the material is combustible, but a common requirement is the size and shape of a safe stockpile. The next sections provide guidance on stockpile storage of bulky materials. Placement and sizing of stockpiles need to incorporate factors of safe operation, required storage time, and fire prevention. Stockpiles must be separated by at least 25 feet of clear space to allow access by fire-fighting equipment. Stockpiles should be easily reached with equipment and exhibit maximum 2H:1V side slope ratios for stability. The following table provides height and base dimensions for certain stockpile volumes at various heights. These are general guidelines and in no way limit the total allowable volume of materials that may be stored on site. Height of Pile, ft Top of Pile Diameter, ft Bottom of Pile Diameter, ft Average Cross Section Area, sf Volume, cy 20 20 100 60 2,093 20 40 80 80 3,721 25 20 120 70 3,562 25 40 140 90 5,887 30 20 140 80 5,582 6.4.6 Non-Processed Material Storage Individual stockpiles of non-unprocessed materials (not stored in roll-off boxes) shall be kept to 6,000 c.y. per pile. Wood wastes should not be stored more than 3 months. If the intake of wood waste exceeds the ability for timely processing and sales, the intake of wood waste should be curtailed until the situation improves. Inert materials (concrete, soil) require no time limits, but the piles must be stabilized to minimize runoff and erosion. 6.4.7 Processed Material Storage Finished combustible materials, e.g., boiler fuel and mulch (see Sections 6.4.2 and 6.4.3) may be stored for no more than 3 months in stockpiles not exceeding 6,000 c.y. per pile. If stockpiles of finished products must remain on site longer, the stockpiles shall be wetted as needed and turned quarterly to prevent composting and/or fires (see Section 5.5). Non- combustible materials do not pose a fire hazard and may be stockpiled for unlimited duration, providing fire prevention and erosion control requirements are observed. 6.0 PROCESSING FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 70 6.4.8 Asphalt Shingle Storage for Recycling The Owner/Operator shall only accept new tear-off asphalt shingles for storage, typically from contractors they know. No grinding of shingles shall be conducted at the facility. Source-sorted shingles shall be placed into roll off boxes or temporary stockpiles as separate loads. Documentation for the source for each load shall be retained. A detailed plan for documenting the intake and distribution (i.e., to a licensed recycler) of asphalt shingles is found in Appendix 4D. Post-consumer asphalt shingles (PCAS), i.e. old shingles, may contain asbestos and shall not be stored or processed for recycling at this facility. Asphalt shingles arriving without documentation or in mixed loads may be accepted for disposal, but these materials shall not go through the processing line and should be sent to the working face. Acceptance and storage of documented asphalt shingles for off-site recycling may take place within the current T&P area on top of the CDLF, at least 50 feet away from the working face alongside other recycling activities. The facility is only authorized to receive and store asphalt shingles at present. The facility must adhere to NCDEQ’s documentation requirements outlined in Appendix 4D to maintain operational compliance. Should the facility opt to grind shingles into a recycled byproduct in the future, an additional Solid Waste Processor permit application and an asbestos screening plan will be prepared to supplement this operational. 6.5 Contingency Plan Refer to Section 5.14 6.6 Annual Reporting Refer to Sections 5.12 and 5.13 6.0 PROCESSING FACILITY OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 71 Table 6A PROHIBITED WASTES AT THE PROCESSING FACILITY*  Putrescible wastes (garbage and/or food wastes)  Sludges of any kind  Hazardous wastes: Pesticides Herbicides Used motor oil Antifreeze Solvents Paint thinners  Hazardous materials as defined by 15A NCAC 13A  Radioactive materials  Lead acid batteries  Regulated medical wastes  Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes  All sludges except sludge from water treatment plants  White Goods  Liquid wastes  Animal carcasses  Asbestos wastes  Yard Wastes  Tires  Electronic equipment  Mercury switches or lamps *References: 15A NCAC 13B .0103 15A NCAC 13B .1626 All materials must dry enough to pass a paint-filter test. 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 10/15/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 72 7.1 Waste Acceptance Criteria 7.1.1 Permitted Wastes The C&D Landfill shall only accept (for disposal) the following wastes generated within approved areas of service:  Construction and Demolition Debris Waste: (Waste or debris derived from construction, remodeling, repair, or demolition operations on pavement or other structures);  Land Clearing and Inert Debris Waste: (yard waste, stumps, trees, limbs, brush, grass, concrete, brick, concrete block, uncontaminated soils and rock, untreated and unpainted wood, etc.);  Other Wastes as approved by the NC DENR Solid Waste Section. 7.1.2 Asbestos A-1 Sandrock may dispose of asbestos containing materials (ACM) within the C&D landfill, or within a special designated area, only if the asbestos has been processed and packaged in accordance with State and Federal (40 CFR 61) regulations. Handling asbestos requires advance arrangements between the hauler and the landfill and special placement techniques (see (Section 7.3.5). Locations and dates of ACM burial sites shall be recorded on the facility map. 7.1.3 Wastewater Treatment Sludge Sludges of any kind shall not be disposed in the C&D Landfill, per Division rules. Waste Water Treatment Plant sludge may be used as a soil conditioner to enhance the final cover, upon receipt of permission from the Division, to be applied at agronomic rates. 7.2 Waste Exclusions No municipal solid waste (MSW), hazardous waste as defined by 15A NCAC 13A .0102, or hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators (CESQG waste), sludges or liquid wastes will be accepted. No drums or industrial wastes shall be accepted. No tires, batteries, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), electronic devices (computer monitors), medical wastes, radioactive wastes, septage, white goods, yard trash, fluorescent lamps, mercury switches, lead roofing materials, transformers, or CCA treated wood shall 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 73 be accepted. No pulverized or shredded C&D wastes may be accepted – except those materials received and inspected in a whole condition and shredded on-site. The Facility will implement a waste-screening program, described in Section 7.3 below, to control these types of waste. Solid Waste Rule .0542 (e) contains further exclusions (see Table 7.1 at the end of this section). 7.3 Waste Handling Procedures To assure that prohibited wastes are not entering the landfill facility, screening programs have been implemented at the landfill. Waste received at both the scale house entrance and waste taken to the working face is inspected by trained personnel. These individuals have been trained to spot indications of suspicious wastes, including: hazardous placards or markings, liquids, powders or dusts, sludges, bright or unusual colors, drums or commercial size containers, and "chemical" odors. Screening programs for visual and olfactory characteristics are an ongoing part of the landfill operation. 7.3.1 Waste Receiving and Inspection All incoming vehicles must stop at the scale house located near the entrance of the facility, and visitors are required to sign-in. All waste transportation vehicles shall be uncovered prior to entering the scales to facilitate inspection; all incoming loads shall be weighed, and the content of the load assessed. The scale attendant shall request from the driver of the vehicle a description of the waste it is carrying to ensure that unacceptable waste is not allowed into the landfill. Signs informing users of the acceptable and unacceptable types of waste shall be posted at the entrance near the scale house. The scales attendant shall visually check the vehicle as it crosses the scale. Any suspicious loads will be pulled aside for a more detailed inspection prior to leaving the scale house area. Loads with unacceptable materials will be required to be covered (with a tarp) and turned away from the facility. Wastes from outside of the service area will be rejected. Once passing the scales, the vehicles containing C&D wastes are routed to the working face. Vehicles shall be selected for random screening a minimum of three times per week. The selection of vehicles for screening might be based on unfamiliarity with the vehicle/driver or based on the driver’s responses to interrogation about the load content. The Operator shall use the Waste Screening Form (see Appendix 4A) to document the waste screening activities. Documentation of three random waste screenings shall be placed in the Operational Record (see Section 5.12). 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 74 Selected vehicles shall be directed to an area of intermediate cover adjacent to the working face where the vehicle will be unloaded, and the waste shall be carefully spread using suitable equipment. An attendant trained to identify wastes that are unacceptable at the landfill shall inspect the waste discharged at the screening site. If no unacceptable waste is found, the load will be pushed to the working face and incorporated into the waste cell.  If unacceptable wastes that are non-hazardous are found, the load will be reloaded onto the delivery vehicle and directed to the Transfer Station.  For unacceptable wastes that are hazardous, the Hazardous Waste Contingency Plan outlined in Section 5.14 will be followed. The hauler is responsible for removing unacceptable waste from the landfill property. The rejection of the load shall be noted on the Waste Screening Form, along with the identification of the driver and vehicle. A responsible party to the load generator or hauler shall be notified that the load was rejected. The generator or hauler may be targeted for more frequent waste screening and/or banished from delivering to the facility, depending on the nature of the violation of the waste acceptance policy. If the violation is repetitive or severe enough, State and/or County authorities may be notified. 7.3.2 Disposal of Rejected Wastes Attempts will be made to inspect waste as soon as it arrives in order to identify the waste hauler; ideally, the hauler can be stopped from leaving the site and the rejected materials reloaded onto the delivery vehicle. Non-allowed materials that are found in the waste during sorting or placement, i.e., after the delivery vehicle has left the site, shall be taken to the on-site Transfer Station. Small quantities of garbage (chiefly food containers) will inevitably wind up in the C&D waste stream from job sites. These may be disposed with the C&D wastes providing the materials are non-liquid and non-hazardous. If large quantities of garbage, “black bags” or any prohibited wastes are detected, the Operator shall be responsible for removing these materials and placing them into the Transfer Station at the earliest practical time. 7.3.3 C&D Disposal Procedures Waste transportation vehicles will arrive at the working face at random intervals. There may be many vehicles unloading waste at the same time, while other vehicles are waiting. To maintain control over the unloading of waste, only a certain number of vehicles will be 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 75 allowed on the working face at a time. The superintendent and/or equipment operator(s), who will serve as ‘spotters’, will determine the actual number. This procedure will be used to minimize the potential of unloading unacceptable waste and to control disposal activity. Operations at the working face will be conducted in a manner that will promote the efficient movement of vehicles to and from the working face, and to expedite the unloading of waste. At no time during normal business hours will the working face be left unattended. Scale house and field staff shall be in constant communication regarding incoming loads and the movement of vehicles on the site, irrespective of facility vehicles or private vehicles. It is the responsibility of the working face superintendent to know always where each vehicle in the facility is located and what they are doing. Portable signs with directional arrows and barricades will be used to direct traffic to the correct unloading area. The approaches to the working face will be maintained such that two or more vehicles may safely unload side by side. A vehicle turn-around area large enough to enable vehicles to arrive and turn around safely with reasonable speed will be provided adjacent to the unloading area. The vehicles will back to a vacant area near the working face to unload. Upon completion of the unloading operation, the transportation vehicles will immediately leave the working face. Personnel will direct traffic as necessary to expedite safe movement of vehicles. Waste unloading at the landfill will be controlled to prevent disposal in locations other than those specified by site management. Such control will also be used to confine the working face to a minimum width yet allow safe and efficient operations. The width and length of the working face will be maintained as small as practical to control windblown waste, preserve aesthetics, and minimize the amount of required periodic cover. Normally, only one working face will be active on any given day, with all deposited waste in other areas covered by either periodic or final cover, as appropriate. The procedures for placement and compaction of solid waste include: unloading of vehicles, spreading of waste into 10-foot lifts, and compaction on relatively flat slopes (i.e., 5H: IV max.) using a minimum number of three full passes. Depending on the nature of the wastes and long- term volume analysis of in-situ density, the waste placement geometry and compaction procedures may require adjustment to optimize airspace. 7.3.4 Spreading and Compaction The working face shall be restricted to the smallest possible area; ideally, the maximum working face area with exposed waste shall be one-quarter to one-half acre. Wastes shall 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 76 be compacted as densely as practical. Appropriate methods shall be employed to reduced wind-blown debris including (but not limited to) the use of wind fences, screens, temporary soil berms, and periodic cover. Any wind-blown debris shall be recovered and placed back in the landfill and covered at the end of each working day. 7.3.5 Special Wastes: Asbestos Management Any asbestos handling and disposal will follow specific NC DENR regulations with proper shipping manifests and documentation of disposal. Asbestos shall arrive at the site in vehicles that contain only the asbestos waste and only after advance notification by the generator and if accompanied by a proper NC DMV transport manifest. Once the hauler brings the asbestos to the landfill, operations personnel will direct the hauler to the designated asbestos disposal area. Operations personnel will prepare the designated disposal area by leveling a small area using a dozer or loader. Prior to disposal, the landfill operators will stockpile cover soil near the designated asbestos disposal area. The volume of soil stockpiled will be sufficient to cover the waste and to provide any berms, etc. to maintain temporary separation from other landfill traffic. Once placed in the prepared area, the asbestos waste will be covered with a minimum of 18 inches of daily cover soil placed in a single lift. The surface of the cover soil will be compacted and graded using a tracked dozer or loader. The landfill compactor will be prohibited from operating over asbestos disposal areas until at least 18 inches of cover are in-place. The landfill staff shall record the location and elevation of the asbestos waste once cover is in-place. Records of the disposal activity shall be entered into the Operating Record. Once disposal and recording for asbestos waste is completed, the disposal area may be covered with C&D waste. No further excavation into recorded asbestos disposal areas will be permitted. 7.4 Cover Material 7.4.1 Periodic Cover The working face of the CDLF shall be covered on a weekly basis, or sooner if the area of exposed waste exceeds one-half acre in size. Periodic cover shall consist of a 6-inch layer of earthen material that completely covers the waste to control vectors, fire, odors, and blowing debris. Alternative periodic cover may be considered, subject to a demonstration project with prior approval from the Division. Placement of periodic cover shall be documented in the Operating Record (see Section 5.12) and on a copy of the facility map. 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 77 7.4.2 Interim Soil Cover An interim soil cover (at least 24 inches in thickness) shall be placed on inactive slopes, subject to the following conditions:  Interior slopes adjacent to future expansion (such as a cell or phase boundary) no later than 30 days following the last waste receipt, providing that further waste disposal will occur within one year of the last waste receipt*  Exterior slopes that have attained final grade are to be left for no more than 15 working days without temporary vegetation, until an area of no more than 10 acres is ready to be closed simultaneously. ** *North Carolina Solid Waste Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0543 requires final cover to be placed if the slope shall remain inactive for more than one year **Typically, it is advantageous to close the final slopes in 2 to 3-acre increments, observing the placement of erosion control benches; 10 acres is the regulatory maximum Interim cover soils shall be vegetated in accordance with the Seeding Schedule presented in the Facility Drawing EC5. Either temporary or permanent vegetation may be required – and alternate ground cover may be considered – depending on the time duration of inactivity. Placement of interim cover shall be documented in the Operating Record. 7.4.3 Final Cover Exterior slopes shall be closed upon reaching final grades in increments throughout the operation of the facility. Placement of final cover shall conform to the design and CQA requirements presented in the Closure and Post-Closure Plan (Section 8.0) and shall be documented in the Operating Record and on a copy of the facility map. The permitted final cover consists of a minimum of 18 inches of compacted soil cover (maximum 10-5 cm/sec permeability requirement), overlain by 18 inches of vegetation support soil. In general, the final soil cover shall be spread in three uniform lifts (maximum of 9 inches before compaction, 6 inches after compaction), and soils shall be compacted by “tracking” with dozers or other equipment. North Carolina Solid Waste regulations require a maximum permeability, achieved through proper material selection and compaction criteria, confirmed by the testing program outlined in the CQA section of the Closure and Post-Closure Plan. 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 78 Sedimentation and Erosion Control Rule 15A NCAC 04B .0107, MANDATORY STANDARDS FOR LAND-DISTURBING ACTIVITY, states as follows: “Pursuant to G.S. 113A-57(3), provisions for a ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion must be accomplished within 15 working days or 90 calendar days following completion of construction or development, whichever period is shorter.” Prior to May 2013 the rule required that all disturbed soils shall be stabilized within 20 days following completion of the grading. The facility’s interpretation is that all slopes must be vegetated with a seed mix that is suitable to climatic conditions (see construction plans) within 15 days. All seeded areas should be provided with lime, fertilizer and straw mulch. An emulsified tack may be required to prevent wind damage. Other stabilization treatments, e.g., curled wood matting of synthetic slope stabilization blankets may be employed. At the operator’s discretion, wood mulch may be spread evenly over the final surfaces – at a maximum thickness of 2 inches – to help retain moisture and retard erosion while the vegetation develops. By SWS definition this material is not recognized to provide nutrient value but the partial decomposition of the wood mulch over time does introduce organic content to the soils, which were typically derived from deep within the borrow pit. Typically, the mulch takes about a year to break down and does benefit the effort of establishing vegetation, as long as the mulch is not applied too thick. This allows the operator some flexibility is establishing vegetation at optimum times. A nurse crop of seasonal vegetation can be sown at the time the slopes are finished and a permanent crop can be sown later, typically requiring manual sowing to prevent damaging the existing vegetation. All protective measures must be maintained until permanent ground cover is established and is sufficient to restrain erosion on the site. If settlement occurs after the cover is placed, the cover shall be fortified with additional soil. In the case of extreme settlement (unlikely), the old cover can be stripped and the affected area built up with waste prior to replacing the cover. The sedimentation and erosion control criteria governing the final closure of this facility are performance-based; some trial and error may be required, but the goal is to protect the adjacent water bodies and buffers throughout the operational and post-closure periods. 7.5 Survey for Compliance 7.5.1 Height Monitoring The landfill staff will monitor landfill top and side slope elevations on a weekly basis or as needed to ensure proper slope ratios, in accordance with the approved grading plan, and to ensure the facility is not over-filled. This shall be accomplished by use of a surveyor’s 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 79 level and a grade rod. When such elevations approach the grades shown on the Final Cover Grading Plan, the final top-of-waste grades will be staked by a licensed surveyor to limit over-placement of waste. 7.5.2 Annual Survey The working face shall be surveyed on an annual basis to verify slope grades and to track the fill progression. In the event of problems (slope stability, suspected over-filling), more frequent surveys may be required at the request of the Division. 7.6 Contingency Plan Refer to Section 5.14 7.7 Annual Reporting Refer to Sections 5.12 and 5.13 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 80 Table 7A PROHIBITED WASTES IN THE CDLF UNIT** (1) Containers such as tubes, drums, barrels, tanks, cans, and bottles unless they are empty and perforated to ensure that no liquid, hazardous or municipal solid waste is contained therein, (2) Garbage as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a) (7), (3) Hazardous waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a) (8), to also include hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators, (4) Industrial solid waste unless a demonstration has been made and approved by the Division that the landfill meets the requirements of Rule .0503(2) (d) (ii) (A), (5) Liquid wastes, (6) Medical waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a) (18), (7) Municipal solid waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a) (18a), (8) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761, (9) Radioactive waste as defined in G.S. 104E-5(14), (10) Septage as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a) (32), (11) Sludge as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a) (34), (12) Special wastes as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a) (40), (13) White goods as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a) (44), and (14) Yard trash as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a) (45), (15) The following wastes cannot be received if separate from C&DLF waste:  lamps or bulbs, e.g., halogen, incandescent, neon or fluorescent;  lighting ballast or fixtures;  thermostats and light switches;  batteries, e.g., those from exit and emergency lights and smoke detectors;  lead pipes;  lead roof flashing;  transformers;  capacitors; and  copper chrome arsenate (CCA) and creosote treated woods. 7.0 C&D LANDFILL OPERATIONS PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0542) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 81 (16) Waste accepted for disposal in a C&DLF unit must be readily identifiable as C&D waste and must not have been shredded, pulverized, or processed to such an extent that the composition of the original waste cannot be readily ascertained except as specified in Subparagraph (17) of this Paragraph. (17) C&D waste that has been shredded, pulverized or otherwise processed may be accepted for disposal from a facility that has received a permit from an authorized regulatory authority which specifies such activities are inspected by the authority, and whose primary purpose is recycling and reuse of the C&D material. A waste screening plan and waste acceptance plan must be made available to the Division upon request. (18) Waste that is generated outside the boundaries of a unit of local government ordinance (i.e., areas not approved by County Commissioners). **Reference: 15A NCAC 13B .0542 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 10/15/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 82 8.1 Summary of Regulatory Requirements 8.1.1 Final Cap The final cap design for all phases of the CDLF shall conform to the minimum requirements of the Solid Waste Rules, i.e., the compacted soil barrier layer shall exhibit a thickness of 18 inches and a field permeability of not more than 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec. The overlying vegetative support layer shall be 18 inches thick. Drawing E6 shows final contours and Drawings EC1 – EC3 show final cover cross-section and details. 8.1.2 Construction Requirements Final cap installation shall conform to the approved plans (see accompanying plan set), inclusive of the approved Sedimentation and Erosion Control Plan. The CQA plan must be followed (see Section 4.0) and all CQA documentation must be submitted to the Division. Post-settlement surface slopes must not be flatter than 5% on the upper cap and not steeper than 33% (3H:1V) on the side slopes. Per Rule 15 NCAC 13B .0543, a gas venting system is required for the cap. A passive venting system will be specified, which will consist of a perforated pipe in crushed stone-filled trench – installed just below the final cap soil barrier layer – with a tentative minimum vent spacing of three vents per acre. Drawing EC5 shows the gas vent system details. 8.1.3 Alternative Cap Design Rule 15 NCAC 13B .0543 make a provision for an alternative cap design, to be used in the event the permeability requirements for the compacted soil barrier layer cannot be met. Experience indicates that on-site soils may not meet the required field permeability of not more than 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec, as supported by the laboratory data for the soils discussed in Section 4.0. Tentative final closure plans have assumed that on-site soils will be used for the compacted barrier layer – alternative cap designs may be researched and submitted for Division approval at a future time. Plans and specifications shall be provided to the Solid Waste Section for an alternative final cover design, if used, at least 60 days before any closure or partial closure activities (see Section 8.1.5). 8.1.4 Division Notifications The Operator shall notify the Division prior to beginning closure of any final closure activities. The Operator shall place documentation in the Operating Record pertaining to the closure, including the CQA requirements and location and date of cover placement. 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 83 8.1.5 Required Closure Schedule The Operator shall close the landfill in increments as various areas are brought to final grade. The final cap shall be placed on such areas subject to the following:  No later than 30 days following last receipt of waste;  No later than 30 days following the date that an area of 10 acres or greater is within 15 feet of final grades;  No later than one year following the most recent receipt of waste if there is remaining capacity. Final closure activities shall be completed within 180 days following commencement of the closure, unless the Division grants extensions. Upon completion of closure activities for each area (or unit) the Owner shall notify the Division in writing with a certification by the Engineer that the closure has been completed in accordance with the approved closure plan and that said documentation has been placed in the operating record. 8.1.6 Recordation The Owner shall record on the title deed to the subject property that a CDLF has been operated on the property and file said documentation with the Register of Deeds. Said recordation shall include a notation that the future use of the property is restricted under the provision of the approved closure plan. 8.2 Closure Plan The following is a tentative closure plan for Phases 1 through 4 of the CDLF, based on the prescribed operational sequence and anticipated conditions at the time of closure. 8.2.1 Final Cap Installation 8.2.1.1 Final Elevations – Final elevation of the landfill shall not exceed those depicted on Drawing E6 when it is closed, subject to approval of this closure plan. Drawing E5 shows the Phase 3 intermediate cover contours. The elevations shown include the final cover. A periodic topographic survey shall be performed to verify elevations. 8.2.1.2 Final Slope Ratios – Side slope ratios shall not exceed 3H:1V and upper surfaces shall have a 5 to 10 percent slope. The cover shall be graded to promote positive drainage. Topographic surveys shall be performed to verify slope ratios. 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 84 8.2.1.3 Final Cover Section – The terms “final cap” and “final cover” both apply. The final cover will subscribe to the minimum regulatory requirement for C&D landfills:  An 18-inch thick compacted soil barrier layer (CSB), i.e., the “infiltration layer,” with a hydraulic conductivity not exceeding 1 x 10-5 cm/sec, overlain by  An 18-inch thick “topsoil” or vegetated surface layer (VSL), i.e., the “erosion layer.” 8.2.1.4 Final Cover Installation – All soils shall be graded to provide positive drainage away from the landfill area and compacted to meet applicable permeability requirements (see Section 4.0). Suitable materials for final cover soil shall meet the requirements defined above. Care shall be taken to exclude rocks and debris that would hinder compaction efforts. The surface will then be seeded in order to establish vegetation. Test Pad – Whereas the lab data indicate that the required permeability is attainable, the ability to compact the materials in the field to achieve the required strength and permeability values shall be verified with a field trial involving a test pad, to be sampled with drive tubes and laboratory density and/or permeability testing, prior to full-scale construction. The materials, equipment, and testing procedures should be representative of the anticipated actual final cover construction. The test pad may be strategically located such that the test pad may be incorporated into the final cover. Compacted Barrier – Materials shall be blended to a uniform consistency and placed in three loose lifts no thicker than 9 inches and compacted by tamping, rolling, or other suitable method to a thickness of 6 inches – the targeted minimum thickness of the soil barrier is 18 inches. The cover shall be constructed in sufficiently small areas that can be completed in a single day (to avoid desiccation, erosion, or other damage), but large enough to allow ample time for testing without hindering production. The Contractor shall take care not to over-roll the cover such that the underlying waste materials would pump or rut, causing the overlying soil layers to crack – adequate subgrade compaction within the upper 36 inches of waste materials and/or the intermediate cover soil underlying the final cover is critical. All final cover soils shall be thoroughly compacted through the full depth to achieve the required maximum permeability required by Division regulations of 1.0 x 10-5 cm/sec, based on site-specific test criteria (see below). Compaction moisture control is essential for achieving adequate strength and permeability. 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 85 Vegetated Surface Layer – Also known as “vegetation support layer” or simply “topsoil.” Materials shall be blended and placed in two loose lifts no thicker than 12 inches and lightly compacted by tamping, rolling, or other suitable method – the targeted minimum layer thickness is 18 inches. A relatively high organic content is desirable, thus decayed wood mulch, compost or WWTP sludge (with advance permission from the Division) may be incorporated to provide nutrient value and enhanced field capacity. These soils are not subject to a permeability requirement (no testing). Care should be taken to not over-compact the soil such that vegetation would be hindered. Following placement and inspection of the surface layer, seed bed preparation, seeding, and mulching should follow immediately. The work should be scheduled to optimize weather conditions, if possible. Inspection and Testing – Soils for the barrier layer are subject to the testing schedule outlined in the Construction Quality Assurance plan (see Section 4.0). The proposed testing program includes a minimum of one permeability test per lift per acre and four nuclear density gauge tests per lift per acre, to verify compaction of the compacted barrier layer. The moisture-density-permeability relationship of the materials shall be established by the laboratory testing. The Contractor shall proof roll the intermediate soil cover to assure that these materials will support the final cover. If necessary, the Engineer will make recommendations for repairs. 8.2.1.5 Final Cover Vegetation – Seedbed preparation, seeding, and mulching shall be performed in accordance with specifications in the Construction Plans (see Drawing EC5), unless approved otherwise by the Engineer. In areas to be seeded, fertilizer and lime typically should be distributed uniformly at a rate of 1,000 pounds per acre for fertilizer and 2,000 pounds per acre for lime and incorporated into the soil to a depth of at least 3 inches by disking and harrowing. The incorporation of the fertilizer and lime may be a part of the cover placement operation specified above. Seed distribution by means of a seed drill or hydro seeder (some are equipped to distribute lime and fertilizer at the same time) will be acceptable. Please note that the seeding schedule varies by season. All vegetated surfaces shall be mulched with wheat straw and a bituminous tack. Areas identified as prone to erosion may be secured with curled-wood excelsior, installed and pinned in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Certain perimeter channels will require excelsior or turf-reinforcement mat (TRM), as specified in the Channel Schedule. Alternative erosion control products may be substituted with the project engineer’s prior consent. All rolled erosion control materials should be installed according to the generalized layout and staking plan found in the Construction Plans or the manufacturer’s recommendations. 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 86 Irrigation for landfill covers is not a typical procedure, but consideration of temporary irrigation may be considered if dry weather conditions prevail during or after the planting. Care should be taken not to over-irrigate to prevent erosion. Collected storm water will be suitable for irrigation water. Maintenance of the final cover vegetation, described in the Post-Closure Plan (see below), is critical to the overall performance of the landfill cover system. 8.2.1.6 Documentation – The Owner shall complete an “as-built” survey to depict final elevations of each final cover layer (the top of the intermediate cover layer, top of the compacted soil barrier, and top of the vegetated soil layer) along with construction narrative to document any problems, amendments or deviations from the plan drawings. Records of all testing, including maps with test locations, shall be prepared by the third- party CQA testing firm. All materials pertaining to the closure shall be placed in the Operational Record for the facility. Whereas the closure will be incremental, special attention shall be given to keeping the closure records separate from the normal operational records. 8.2.2 Maximum Area/Volume Subject to Closure The largest anticipated area that will require final closure at any one time within the life of the landfill – including all of Phases 1, 2, 3 and 4 – is 25.5 acres. Intermediate cover shall be used on areas that have achieved final elevations until the final cover is installed. The volume of Phases 1 – 4 is 2,240,000 cubic yards (Section 1.3). 8.2.3 Closure Schedule Refer to the requirements outlined in Section 8.1.5 (above). 8.2.4 Closure Cost Estimate The following cost estimate is considered suitable for the Financial Assurance requirements (see Section 10.0). The Owner intends to build all of Phase 3, which adds 7.6 acres to the previously permitted 17.9-acre footprint, for 25.5 acres permitted. No area has a certified final cover in place. 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 87 Table 8A.1 ESTIMATED FINAL CLOSURE COSTS FOR PHASES 1 – 4 (2018 dollars) 1, 5 VSL (topsoil)2 – 25.5 ac 61,710 c.y. @ $4.50 / cubic yard $ 277,695 CSB (barrier)2 – 25.5 ac 70,967 c.y. @ $11 / cubic yard $ 780,637 Establish Vegetation 25.5 acres @ $1,965 per acre $ 50,108 Storm Water Piping 3 530 LF @ $35.00 / LF $ 18,550 Erosion Control Stone 3 27 tons @ $40.00 / ton $ 1,080 Cap Gas Vents (3/acre) 77 @ $100 ea. $ 7,700 Testing and Surveying 4 Estimated 20 percent of above $ 227,154 Contingency Estimated 15 percent of above $ 204,439 Total Construction Cost (if contracted out) $ 1,567,363 Notes: 1 Intended to represent likely third-party construction costs (hired contractor, not the Owner/Operator), based on knowledge of local construction costs for similar projects – these estimates provided to meet NC DEQ financial assurance requirements; actual costs may be lower for construction by the Owner/Operator; actual final closure work will be performed incrementally, spreading out the costs over the life of the project. 2 Includes soil work for regulatory requirements of 15A NCAC 13B .0543, i.e., a minimum of 18 inches of compacted soil barrier (max. permeability of 1 x 10-5 cm/sec) and 18 inches of topsoil (total soil thickness is 36 inches). For the compacted soil barrier, use a shrinkage factor of 15%; costs include surface preparation, soil procurement and transport costs, soil placement and compaction, machine/equipment costs, fuel costs. 3 Conservative estimates are based on similar project history; includes materials and installation. 4 Includes Construction document and bidding, construction administrative fee, CQA field monitoring and lab testing, CQA reporting and certification, final survey for as-built drawings, recordation/notation fee. 5 Inflation has been adjusted for using the inflation rates listed on Table 8A.2. For example, the VSL (topsoil) had a unit rate of $4.00/cy in 2012. In 2018, this unit rate is now $4.50/cy which is calculated by: $4/cy * (1.018) * (1.015) * (1.014) * (1.010) * (1.013) * (1.018). The inflation multiplier applies to closure, post-closure, current corrective action, and potential assessment of corrective action (PACA) per the above example. Table 8A.2 ANNUAL INFLATION MULTIPLIERS 2011 year - 1.013 multiplier 2012 year - 1.021 multiplier 2013 year - 1.018 multiplier 2014 year - 1.015 multiplier 2015 year - 1.014 multiplier 2016 year - 1.010 multiplier 2017 year - 1.013 multiplier 2018 year - 1.018 multiplier 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 88 8.3 Post-Closure Plan 8.3.1 Monitoring and Maintenance 8.3.1.1 Term of Post-Closure Care – The facility shall conduct post-closure care for a minimum of 30 years after final closure of the landfill, unless justification is provided for a reduced post-closure care period. The post-closure care period may be extended by the Division if necessary to protect human health and the environment. 8.3.1.2 Maintenance of Closure Systems – Inspections of the final cover systems and sediment and erosion control (S&EC) measures shall be conducted quarterly. Maintenance will be provided during post-closure care as needed to protect the integrity and effectiveness of the final cover. The cover will be repaired as necessary to correct the effects of settlement, subsidence, erosion, or other events. Refer to the Post Closure Monitoring and Maintenance Schedule (below). 8.3.1.3 Landfill Gas Monitoring – Quarterly landfill gas (LFG) monitoring will be conducted during the operational period and for at least 30 years following closure. Post closure monitoring will be a continuation of the operational monitoring program (see Section 9.4), subject to amendment as might be required by the Solid Waste Section (SWS) resulting from rule changes or conditions indicated by the data. The primary concern is the potential for migration of explosive gas (chiefly methane), although the potential is relatively low for this facility. The regulations require that LFG levels remain below 100 percent of the lower Explosive Level (LEL) – approximately 5 percent methane by volume in air or soil gas – at the facility boundary and below 25 percent of the LEL within on-site structures. The regulation also requires that hydrogen sulfide concentrations are maintained below the chronic 24-hour acceptable ambient level of 0.12 mg/m3 based on nasal toxicity in animal studies (Recommendations for Twenty North Carolina Toxic Air Pollutants 2015). A monitoring plan prepared in accordance with the current SWS guidance document can be found in Appendix 6. The plan includes monitoring requirements and procedures, as well as contingency activities to be implemented if regulatory thresholds are exceeded. Locations for the initial detection monitoring of methane were based on site conditions (physical barriers to gas migration, i.e. surface streams), the presence of man-made conduits for potential gas migration (i.e., pipelines), and experience with numerous gas monitoring and remediation programs at other facilities. The bar-hole punch tests are intended to provide early indication of gas migration outside the waste unit boundary, 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 89 accomplished by monitoring the backfill zones of the pipelines and other locations, including the up-gradient soils where the porous saprolite and groundwater are deep. The original LFG monitoring locations are shown on Drawing M-1. If the data so warrant, future consideration will be given to permanent gas sampling probes, using the bar hole punch data as a guide for selecting the probe locations. 8.3.1.4 Ground Water Monitoring – Groundwater monitoring will be conducted under the current version of the approved Sampling and Analysis Plan (see Appendix 5). This plan will be reviewed periodically and may change in the future. Approximately one year prior to the landfill reaching permitted capacity, the facility will submit post-closure monitoring and maintenance schedules, specific to the ground water monitoring. Procedures, methods, and frequencies will be included in this plan. This future plan, and all subsequent amendments, will be incorporated by reference to this document. 8.3.1.5 Record Keeping – During the post closure period, maintenance and inspection records, i.e., a Post Closure Record, shall be kept as a continuation of the Operating Record that was kept during the operational period. The Post Closure Record shall include future inspection and engineering reports, as well as documentation of all routine and non- routine maintenance and/or amendments. The Post Closure Record shall include the ground water and gas monitoring records collected for the facility. 8.3.1.6 Certification of Completion – At the end of the post-closure care period the facility manager shall contact the Division to schedule an inspection. The facility manager shall make the Post Closure Record available for inspection. A certification that the post- closure plan has been completed, signed by a North Carolina registered professional engineer, shall be placed in the operating/post closure record. C&D Landfill, Inc. shall maintain these records indefinitely. 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 90 Table 8B POST-CLOSURE MONITORING AND MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Activity Frequency Yrs. 1 - 5 Frequency Yrs. 6-15 Frequency Yrs. 16-30 General - Inspect access gates, locks, fences, signs, site security Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly Maintain access roads, monitoring well access As needed As needed As needed Final Cover Systems/Stability - Inspect cap and slope cover for erosion, sloughing, bare spots in vegetation, make corrections as needed (1) Quarterly Semi- Annually Annually Storm Water/Erosion Control Systems - Inspect drainage swales and sediment basin for erosion, excess sedimentation (1) Quarterly Semi- Annually Annually Mow cover vegetation and remove thatch Semi-Annually Annually None (2) Inspect vegetation cover and remove trees Annually Annually Annually Landfill Gas Monitoring Quarterly (3) Quarterly (3) Quarterly (3) Ground Water Monitoring System - Check well head security, visibility Semi-Annually Semi- Annually Semi- Annually Ground Water Monitoring (4) Semi-Annually Semi- Annually Semi- Annually Notes: 1. Inspect after every major storm event, i.e., 25-year 24-hour design storm 2. Dependent on vegetation type, periodic mowing may be required 3. The Solid Waste Section may be petitioned for discontinuation of gas monitoring if no detections occur in gas sampling locations or on-site buildings 4. See current Ground Water Sampling and Analysis Plan 8.0 CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0543) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 91 8.3.2 Responsible Party Contact Mr. R.E. ‘Gene’ Petty, Sr. – Owner Mr. Ronnie E. Petty, III – Operator A-1 Sandrock, Inc. 2091 Bishop Road Greensboro, NC 27406 Tel. 336-855-8195 8.3.3 Planned Uses of Property Currently, there is no planned use for the landfill area following closure. The closed facility will be seeded with grass to prevent erosion. Any post-closure uses of the property considered in the future will not disturb the integrity of the final cover or the function of the monitoring systems unless necessary (and to be accompanied by repairs or upgrades). Future uses shall not increase the potential threat to human health and the environment. 8.3.4 Post-Closure Cost Estimate The following cost estimate is considered representative of post-closure care costs for the Financial Assurance (see Section 10.0). This calculation includes all of Phase 1, 2, 3 and 4, totaling 25.5 acres. Table 8C ESTIMATED POST-CLOSURE COSTS FOR PHASES 1 – 4 (2018 dollars) Annual Events Units Unit Cost Cost/ Event Annual Costs Reseeding/mulching and erosion repair (Assume 5% of 25.5 ac., once per year) 1.28 ac. $1,600 $2,048.00 $2,048.00 Mow final cap (twice per year) 25.5 ac. $25 $637.50 $1,275.00 Ground Water (semi-annual, 6 wells) * 6 ea. $400 $2400.00 $4,800.00 Surface Water (semi-annual, 4 locations) * 4 ea. $350 $1400.00 $2,800.00 Water quality analysis and reporting 2 ea. $2250 $4500.00 $4,500.00 Landfill Gas Monitoring (quarterly) 12 ea. $500 $6000.00 $24,000.00 Engineering inspection (annual basis) 1 ea. $1,500 $1,500.00 $1,500.00 Maintain storm water conveyances 1 ea. $1,000 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 Maintain access roads, gates, buildings 1 ea. $1,000 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 *Appendix I Detection Monitoring (Section 9.0) Total Estimated Annual Cost $42,923.00 30 years * $42,923 = $1,287,690 (See Section 10) 9.0 FACILITY MONITORING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0544) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 92 9.1 Summary of Regulatory Requirements Detection phase monitoring for ground water and surface water is required of all C&D landfills. Typical monitoring programs include one or more up gradient background wells and several down-gradient (or cross gradient) compliance wells, along with several strategically placed surface water sampling locations (with up gradient and down gradient coverage). Well placement is based on the site’s hydraulic and topographic characteristics. Compliance wells are located at a regulatory “review boundary” which are approximately half the distance to the “compliance boundary,” established 50 feet inside the facility boundary or approximately 150 feet from the waste boundary at a C&D landfill. Detection phase monitoring for all landfills includes semi-annual sampling and analysis for ensuring compliance with North Carolina ground water standards, i.e., 15A NCAC 2L .0300 (the “2L rules”). The detection phase sampling list includes organic constituents on the Appendix 1 list2 (i.e., volatiles and semi-volatiles that are analyzed by US-EPA Method 8260 and the eight RCRA metals), key indicator parameters (measured in the field), and several additional constituents (mercury, manganese, sulfate, iron, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids). Assuming no detection of ground water constituents that exceed a 2L standard, the term of detection phase monitoring runs for the operational life of the facility plus the post-closure period (minimum of 30 years beyond closure). Should one or more detected constituents exceed a 2L standard, the facility must undergo an assessment monitoring program to determine the source, extent, and rate of contaminant migration, plus an evaluation of potential human receptors and/or other environmental impacts. The Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (discussed below, see Appendix 5), is the definitive document governing detection and assessment monitoring programs, with respect to sampling procedures and strategic placement of monitoring wells. This narrative describes the monitoring program from a regulatory compliance standpoint. 9.2 Ground Water Monitoring The following discusses the rationale behind planned amendments to the detection phase monitoring program for the C&D landfill, reflected in the Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan (Appendix 5). As of this writing, recent regulatory emphasis has been placed on metals concentrations at CDLF’s, which has required this facility to enter an assessment program. A description of the assessment within the SAP (Appendix 5) is beyond the scope of this report, except to acknowledge the assessment is in progress. 2 40 CFR Part 258 9.0 FACILITY MONITORING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0544) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 93 9.2.1 Monitoring System Requirements The monitoring system must provide effective monitoring of the site, focusing on the “uppermost aquifer.” Site studies have indicated a radial ground water flow pattern toward the west, southwest, and northwest, reflecting surface topography along a pronounced ridge, surrounded on three sides by surface streams. The predominant groundwater flow direction is westward toward Hickory Creek. A two-aquifer system characterized as medium dense to very dense sandy saprolite (Unit 1) transitions with depth to bedrock (Unit 2). The transition zone is variably thick and typically is very dense, called “partially weathered rock” in local engineering parlance. Upper reaches of the transition zone are porous; deeper reaches exhibit discreet fractures and partial confinement, where water levels in sealed piezometers are typically observed higher than the actual water bearing zone. The density varies both vertically and laterally, with isolated rock-like zones and softer layers throughout. The transition zone has been identified as the primary water bearing zone and serves as the uppermost aquifer due to its nearly ubiquitous presence. Wells screened within the lower portion of Unit 1 (in the transition zone) have a high probability of intersecting ground water flow zones for effective monitoring of the facility. However, many of the original piezometers completed just above “auger refusal” were dry or did not produce sufficient yield for adequate purging and sampling. Advancing the borings below “auger refusal” with rotary coring techniques typically encountered low RQD values (indicative of a high degree of weathering) within the upper 5 feet of the cores. Thus, it can be concluded the transition zone (the “uppermost” aquifer) extends below auger refusal, and well screens may need to be constructed across the “auger refusal” imaginary boundary to consistently produce enough water for sampling. This places the well screens typically beneath the static water levels. Otherwise, the wells are prone to high turbidity and low yield. This characteristic is prevalent in the higher elevations of the site, where rock was encountered at typically shallower depths. Within the lower elevations, the aquifer exhibits more conventional, unconfined porous flow behavior. The site studies indicate the streams that surround the site serve as the discharge points for a relatively confined, closed-loop aquifer system that is essentially defined by the streams. Unit 1 and the transition zone exhibit higher porosity than Unit 2, and with on-site discharge features, the movement of groundwater is limited to the relatively shallow depths of the saprolite. The radial flow pattern and distinct topographic features – reflective of regional jointing – makes the selection of monitoring well sites and screen depths relatively straightforward. With the streams as on-site discharge points, the ground water flow regime is well defined, thus the monitoring system can be effective with fewer wells. Drawing M1 depicts well and stream locations appropriate for monitoring Phases 1 – 4. 9.0 FACILITY MONITORING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0544) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 94 9.2.2 Background Water Quality Low concentrations of metals have been detected at the background well and in baseline sampling of the compliance wells. No concentrations of inorganic constituents that affect the ability to monitor the site were detected. 9.2.3 Point of Compliance Water Quality The 15A NCAC 2L ground water standards are applicable for the compliance boundary, tempered with background water quality data. For constituents that do not have promulgated 2L standards, the Division will consider alternative limits for compliance. 9.2.4 Sampling and Analysis Procedures Industry accepted protocols (consistent with Division guidelines)3 are discussed in the standalone document, Sampling and Analysis Plan presented in Appendix 5. 9.2.5 Detection-phase Monitoring Parameters The sampling parameters consist of the EPA Appendix I list of organic constituents and metals, modified by 15A NCAC 13B .0544. The prescribed sampling list includes CDLF- specific constituents and field parameters required by NC DEQ (see Appendix 5). 9.2.6 Sampling Frequency The sampling frequency shall be semi-annually. 9.2.7 Water Level Elevations Water levels shall be measured and recorded by referencing the top-of-casing at each monitoring well during each sampling event. 9.2.8 Reporting Data analysis and reporting, consistent with Division requirements, are described in the Sampling and Analysis Plan (see Appendix 5). 3 NC DENR Division of Waste Management Guidance Document, Ground Water Sampling for Construction and Demolition, Closed or Industrial Landfills, http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp 9.0 FACILITY MONITORING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0544) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 95 9.2.9 Source Demonstration In the event of the detection of a ground water constituent that exceeds a 2L standard, an evaluation may be made in accordance with Division policy to determine the source, e.g., sampling error, laboratory contamination, extenuating circumstances (improper repairs to a well or incidental spill near a well). Typically, such evaluations are accompanied by re- sampling and, if appropriate, correction of conditions that may have led to the detection. If such demonstrations cannot be made, the landfill might be considered as the source. 9.2.10 Monitoring Well Design Wells shall be (and currently are) designed in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C. 9.2.11 Monitoring Well Layout The layout takes into consideration the topographic features, saprolite thickness, groundwater depths, regional flow conditions and access within the generally hilly terrain. 9.2.12 Alternative Monitoring Systems None are proposed at present. 9.2.13 Assessment Monitoring Requirements of assessment monitoring, if required, are outlined in Rule 15A NCAC 13B .0545. Recent attention to metals concentrations by the regulatory community has forced this Facility into an assessment monitoring program. This requirement is triggered in part by the lowering of detection limits and standards for certain constituents and statistical analysis of previously acquired data sets. This short-term evaluation involves a more extensive list of parameters based on the Appendix II list with a handful of CDLF-specific constituents required by NC DEQ. Pending the results of the next few sampling events, it is likely the Facility will return to detection monitoring. In response to the requirement, a facility-specific monitoring plan has been prepared and approved by the Division. Changes to the sampling and analysis protocols to accommodate the requirements of the assessment are covered in Appendix 5, some of which will become permanent. For instance, based on early data evaluation the influence of turbidity in the groundwater samples has been recognized. Thus a permanent change to the monitoring program for this Facility will be implementation of “low-flow” sampling techniques. 9.0 FACILITY MONITORING PLAN (15A NCAC 13B .0544) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 96 9.3 Surface Water Monitoring Surface water monitoring focuses on the streams shown to be shallow ground water discharge features to the north, west, and south of the CDLF footprint. Upstream monitoring on these water bodies, which converge at the site margins, and monitoring of the larger stream at the point it leaves the property provides effective monitoring of the Facility. The surface water sampling locations are shown on Drawing M1. North Carolina 2L ground water standards apply. A separate storm water sampling program focuses on turbidity and sediment, with sampling conducted under the purview of the NC DEQ Division of Water Quality and in accordance with a NPDES General Storm Water Permit. 9.4 Landfill Gas Monitoring and Control Plan A landfill gas (LFG) monitoring plan was approved with the original permitting and has been conducted since the facility opened, with no known detects within compliance zones. The Solid Waste Section published the document, “Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance,” in November 2010. A standalone LFG monitoring plan prepared in accordance with the guidance document is presented in Appendix 6. One significant change upcoming will be the installation of permanent LFG monitoring wells, replacing the soil-gas probes. 9.5 Adherence to Waste Acceptance Criteria Monitoring of the waste intake is addressed in the Operations Plan (see Section 5.0). The plan calls for routine waste screening and record keeping with respect to waste types, sources, and haulers. Maintaining strict adherence to the waste acceptance criteria is the sure way to maintain compliance with ground water quality criteria. 9.6 Plan Preparation and Certification This monitoring plan for the C&D Landfill, Inc., disposal units has been prepared by, or under the responsible charge of, one or more North Carolina Licensed Geologists or Professional Engineers. The individual signature and seal below attests to compliance with this rule requirement. Signed _____________________ Printed G. David Garrett Date December 14, 2018 Not valid unless this document bears the seal of the above-named licensed professional. 10.0 FINANCIAL ASSURANCE (15A NCAC 13B .0546) A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 97 15A NCAC 13B .0546 requires that Owners/Operators demonstrate financial assurance for closure and post-closure activities. Typically, for local government-owned facilities, said demonstration is based on a local government test. For private facilities, the posting of a performance bond or insurance policy is typically acceptable to the Division. Cost estimates for closure and post-closure of CDLF Phases 1 – 4 are presented in Sections 8.2.4 and 8.3.4, respectively. The following is a detailed analysis of the closure and post closure costs, projected over the anticipated life of the landfill and 30 years of post-closure care. The Financial Assurance obligation should be recalculated for future years to account for inflation using annual multipliers furnished by NC DEQ. The bond requirement is for the whole landfill that has a Permit to Operate – the liabilities both increase and decrease with time as phases are opened and others are closed. Thus, the amount of the post-closure instrument should be adjusted on an annual basis, consistent with Division policy. Acceptable financial assurance instruments include performance bonds, insurance policies, cash deposits and irrevocable letters of credit. Table 10A SUMMARY OF CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE COSTS (2018 dollars) 1. Final Closure Construction (see Table 8A) $1,567,363 2. Projected Post-Closure Costs (see Table 8C) * $1,287,690 TOTAL CLOSURE/POST-CLOSURE COST $2,855,690 3. PACA** $1,128,666 TOTAL REQUIRED FINANCIAL ASSURANCE $3,983,719 Per Division rules, Owners/Operators must furnish an acceptable financial assurance instrument (e.g., performance bond, irrevocable letter of credit, insurance policy, other fiduciary instrument) within 30 days of notification of approval. *Assumes 30 years ** Potential Assessment and Corrective Action (PACA), a separate bond required by statutory changes ca. 2008, revised ca. 2010. The minimum bond amount is currently $1M. Subject to annual inflation multiplier from time of inception per 2018 guidance from NC DEQ Solid Waste Section. 11.0 CERTIFICATION A-1 Sandrock CDLF and Processing Facility Phase 3 PTC 12/14/2018 Permit 4117-CDLF-2008 Facility Plan Update Page 98 This engineering plan for the A-1 Sandrock, Inc., C&D Landfill Phases 1 – 4 disposal unit has been prepared by, or under the responsible charge of, a North Carolina Licensed Professional Engineer to meet the requirements of 15A NCAC 13B .0539. The individual signature and seal below attests to compliance with this rule requirement. Signed _____________________ Printed G. David Garrett Date December 14, 2018 Not valid unless this document bears the seal of the above-named licensed professional.