5001_WesternCarolinaUniversity_MSWLF_November_GWM.pdf

NOVEMBER 2015 SEMI-ANNUAL
WATER QUALITY AND LANDFILL GAS MONITORING REPORT

Western Carolina University
Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Monteith Gap Road
Cullowhee, Jackson County, North Carolina 28723
NCDENR Permit: 50-01

Prepared For:
Western Carolina University
3476 Old Cullowhee Road
Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723

Prepared by:
Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc.
1308-C Patton Avenue
Asheville, North Carolina 28806

January 11, 2016

Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Site-Specific Information ................................................................................... 1
1.2. Background Information .................................................................................... 1
2. Field Activities .............................................................................................................. 2
2.1. Landfill Gas Monitoring...................................................................................... 2
2.2. Water Quality Monitoring ................................................................................... 2
3. Results and Discussion ................................................................................................ 4
3.1. Landfill Gas ....................................................................................................... 4
3.2. Groundwater and Surface Water ....................................................................... 4
3.2.1. Appendix I VOCs ........................................................................................... 4
3.2.2. Appendix I Metals .......................................................................................... 5

LIST OF TABLES

1 Well Construction, Water Level, and Water Quality Data – November 2015
2 Analytical Results – November 2015
3 Historical Analytical Results

LIST OF FIGURES

1 Topographic Site Map
2 Site Map with Monitoring Locations

APPENDICES

A Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form
B NCDENR Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form
C Laboratory Analytical Report and Chain-of-Custody Record

November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

1

1. INTRODUCTION
This report documents field activities and results from the November 2015 semi-annual
water quality and landfill gas monitoring event at Western Carolina University’s (WCU’s)
closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) located in Cullowhee, North Carolina
(Site) as shown on Figure 1.

1.1. Site-Specific Information
Site Name: WCU Closed MSWLF

Facility Permit Number: 50-01

Facility Latitude/Longitude: N 35 19’ 30” / W 83 10’ 55”

Site Location Map: Figure 1
Facility Address: Monteith Gap Road
Cullowhee, North Carolina
Jackson County

Facility Owner : Western Carolina University
Attn. Mr. Roger Turk
3476 Old Cullowhee Road
Cullowhee, North Carolina, 28723
[phone]

Primary Consultant: Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc.
1308-C Patton Avenue
Asheville, North Carolina 28806
[phone]

1.2. Background Information
WCU operated the MSWLF from approximately the 1960s until 1993. Jackson County
also disposed of municipal solid waste at the landfill from approximately the early 1970s
through the early 1980s. The landfill property is approximately 31.5 acres, approximately
four acres of which contain the former landfill. The landfill was closed in accordance with
the then applicable North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) closure
standards (15A NCAC 13B 0.0510), and a closure letter was issued to WCU by NCDEQ
on September 5, 1995. NCDEQ personnel conducted a facility audit on March 16, 2011,
and determined that semi-annual water quality and landfill gas monitoring at the landfill
must be performed in order for the landfill to be in compliance with the post-closure
conditions identified in the 1995 closure letter. Amec Foster Wheeler Environment &
Infrastructure, Inc. (Amec Foster Wheeler) has conducted semi-annual water quality
monitoring since August 2011 and landfill gas monitoring since February 2012 to comply
with the post-closure conditions.

November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

2

2. FIELD ACTIVITIES
Amec Foster Wheeler personnel visited the Site on November 6, 2015, to conduct water
quality and landfill gas monitoring activities.
2.1. Landfill Gas Monitoring
Amec Foster Wheeler personnel measured landfill gas at the four existing monitoring
wells MW-1, MW-2, MW-3, and MW-4 at the site (Figure 2). The monitoring wells were
fitted with a temporary slip cap equipped with a barb fitting to allow for measurement of
potential landfill gas. A calibrated gas monitoring instrument, a Landtec GEM 2000+, was
used to measure atmospheric barometric pressure, as well as the following landfill gas
parameters:
 Methane (percent by volume)
 Oxygen (percent by volume)
 Carbon dioxide (percent by volume)

The initial and stabilized readings for the above parameters were measured and recorded.
The Solid Waste Section’s “Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form” was used to record
measurements and other relevant information and is provided as Appendix A.

2.2. Water Quality Monitoring
Amec Foster Wheeler personnel gauged static groundwater levels in the four monitoring
wells. Water levels were referenced to the top-of-casing at the wells. Depth to water
measurements and approximate water table elevations for the monitoring wells are
presented in Table 1.

Monitoring wells MW-1, MW-2 and MW-4 were purged and sampled using low-flow
purging, utilizing a variable-speed submersible pump and new polyethylene tubing, with
the intake lowered to within five feet of the bottom of the well. The pumping rate was
minimized in an attempt to prevent excessive drawdown in the well and attempt to match
the well’s recharge rate, which was monitored using an electronic water level indicator.
Water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, turbidity, oxidation-reduction potential,
temperature, pH, and specific conductance) were measured using a water quality meter
equipped with a flow-through cell and recorded (Table 1). Groundwater samples were
collected from the monitoring wells after the water quality parameters stabilized.

The submersible pump was decontaminated by washing the pump and electrical line in an
industrial detergent and distilled water solution. The pump was then rinsed in distilled
water. An equipment blank, EB-1, was collected from the pump discharge by operating
the pump in deionized water and pumping water into sample containers.

Low-flow purging was attempted at MW-3; however, due to an insufficient volume of
groundwater in the well and slow recharge, the well was purged dry several times. A
groundwater sample was collected from MW-3 with a new polyethylene bailer after
sufficient time for recharge was allowed; however, the groundwater sample that was
collected was turbid.
November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

3

The purged water was discharged to the ground surface in proximity to each well in a
manner that precluded erosion or surface runoff.

A surface water sample (SW-2) was collected at the approximate location depicted in
Figure 2. The approximate location of surface water sample SW-1, as depicted in Figure
2, was observed to be dry.

The water samples were placed in laboratory-supplied containers, labeled with sampling
information, packed in an ice-chilled cooler, and shipped with appropriate chain-of-
custody records via overnight delivery to Prism Analytical Laboratories (a North Carolina-
accredited analytical laboratory). The samples were submitted for analysis of Appendix I
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) according to EPA Method 8260 and Appendix I
metals according to EPA Method 6020.

November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

4

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the water quality and landfill gas monitoring event are reported in the
NCDEQ Environmental Monitoring Report Form that is provided as Appendix B and
summarized in the following sections.

3.1. Landfill Gas
Site groundwater monitoring wells were tested for methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen
both prior to and following purging for groundwater sample collection. Elevated
concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide, and decreased concentrations of
atmospheric oxygen, which are indicative of landfill gas migration, were not detected in
MW-1, MW-2, or MW-4 prior to or following purging activities. However, elevated
concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide and a decreased concentration of oxygen
were detected in MW-3, prior to and following well purging. A stabilized reading of 2.9
percent methane by volume and a lower explosive limit reading of 58 percent were
recorded. A stabilized reading of 18.5 percent carbon dioxide and 0.0 percent oxygen
were also recorded.

The percent methane and percent carbon dioxide detected at MW-3 were higher than
detected during the previous monitoring event in February 2015, and the percent oxygen
detected was lower. The regulatory limit for methane at a MSWLF property boundary is
equal to the lower explosive limit of methane (15A NCAC 13B.0544(d)), which is five
percent methane on a volume to volume basis. The recorded results from the four Site
groundwater monitoring wells do not exceed this limit. The results of the landfill gas
monitoring do not suggest that regulatory limits are being exceeded at the Site, however
the groundwater monitoring wells are not landfill gas monitoring wells, which should be
screened in the unsaturated zone and located along the Site’s 50-foot Property Boundary
Buffer.

3.2. Groundwater and Surface Water
Based on topography, monitoring well MW-1 is the upgradient/background monitoring
well. The groundwater analytical results were compared to the North Carolina Solid Waste
Section List Groundwater Standards (SWSL Standards) from Solid Waste Environmental
Monitoring Reporting Limits and Standards, dated June 13, 2011, and the North Carolina
Groundwater Classification and Standards (15A NCAC 2L .0202, amended effective April
1, 2013), which includes applicable interim standards, herein referred to as the “2L
Groundwater Standards.” The surface water analytical results were compared to the North
Carolina Surface Water and Wetlands Standards (15A NCAC 2B, summary table dated
May 15, 2013), herein referred to as the “Surface Water Standards.”

Analytical results from the November 2015 water quality monitoring event are presented in
Table 2, and historical analytical results are presented in Table 3. The laboratory
analytical report and chain-of-custody record are included in Appendix C.

3.2.1. Appendix I VOCs
Appendix I VOCs were not detected above the method detection limit (MDL) in the
groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells MW-1 and MW-2.
November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

5

Three Appendix I VOCs (chlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and cis-1,2-
dichlorobenzene) were detected at concentrations greater than the MDL but less than
their respective SWSL and 2L Groundwater Standards in the groundwater sample
collected from monitoring well MW-4. Two Appendix I VOCs (1,2-dichlorobenzene and
1,4-dichlorobenzene) were detected at concentrations greater than the MDL but less than
their respective SWSL and 2L Groundwater Standards in the groundwater sample
collected from monitoring well MW-3. Three Appendix I VOCs (acetone, chlorobenzene,
cis-1,2-dichlorothene, were detected at concentrations greater than the SWSL Standard,
but below the 2L Groundwater Standards, in the groundwater sample collected from
monitoring well MW-3. One Appendix I VOC, benzene, was detected at a concentration
that exceeds both the SWSL Standard and the 2L Groundwater Standard in the
groundwater sample collected from monitoring well MW-3. One Appendix I VOC,
chloroform, was detected at a concentration greater than the MDL, but below the SWSL
Standard and the 2L Groundwater Standard, in the equipment blank sample, EB-1;
however, chloroform was not detected in the groundwater samples.

Two Appendix I VOCs, chlorobenzene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, were detected at
concentrations above the MDL in the surface water sample SW-2; however, the
concentrations are below their respective Surface Water Standards.

3.2.2. Appendix I Metals
Fifteen Appendix I metals were detected above the MDL in the groundwater samples
collected from the monitoring wells, including the field duplicate sample FD-1, which was
collected from MW-2.

Thirteen Appendix I metals were detected above the MDL, but below their respective 2L
Groundwater and/or SWSL Standards, in the groundwater sample collected from the
background well MW-1.

Thirteen Appendix I metals were detected above the MDL in the groundwater samples
collected from MW-2 and/or MW-2/FD-1. Cobalt was detected at concentrations that
exceed the 2L Groundwater Standard in the groundwater samples collected from MW-2
and vanadium was detected at a concentration that exceeds both its 2L Groundwater
Standard and SWSL Standard in the duplicate sample (FD-1).

Fourteen Appendix I metals were detected above the MDL in the groundwater sample
collected from MW-3. Barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, vanadium and zinc
were detected at concentrations that exceed their respective SWSL Standards in the
groundwater sample collected from MW-3. Chromium, cobalt, thallium and vanadium were
detected at concentrations that exceed their respective 2L Groundwater Standards in the
groundwater sample collected from MW-3.

Twelve Appendix I metals were detected above the MDL in the groundwater sample
collected at MW-4; however, the reported concentrations are below their respective
standards.
Eleven Appendix I metals were detected above the MDL in the surface water sample
collected at SW-2. Cobalt was detected at concentration that exceeds the EPA National
Criteria, which is adopted as a Surface Water Standard.

November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

6

Low-flow purging and sampling techniques reduced turbidity in groundwater samples
collected from the monitoring wells MW-1, MW-2 and MW-4; however there appears to be
little correlative effect on concentrations of Appendix I metals as the current
concentrations are relatively consistent with historic concentrations. Amec Foster Wheeler
will continue to evaluate low-flow sampling/purging techniques for the next semi-annual
water quality monitoring event.

November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

TABLES
Sa
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p
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(f
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(f
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(f
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t
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(f
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B
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w
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(f
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M
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)
Te
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(o C)
pH
Co
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(m
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/
c
m
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Di
s
s
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Ox
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g
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(m
g
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Oxidation Reduction Potential (mv)Turbidity (NTU)
MW
-
1

2
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3
0
2

9
3
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2
8

3
.
4

7
8
.
6
1

2
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2
2
7

1
5
.
8

4
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4
4

0
.
0
2
1

1
1
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1
6

3
1
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9
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9
MW
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2
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5
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2
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3
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1
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9
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1
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1

6
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2
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3

1
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8
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No
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:
Prepared By: RMC 11/24/15
1.

V
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.
Checked By: AAS 12/02/15
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3
TA
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3
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a
l

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n
a
l
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a
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a

U
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y

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l
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l
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w
h
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e
,

N
o
r
t
h

C
a
r
o
l
i
n
a
Appendix I Metals
Mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
Sa
m
p
l
e

Da
t
e
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p
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n
d
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x

I

V
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s
MW
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4
SW
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L

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t
a
n
d
a
r
d
Gr
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n
d
w
a
t
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r

2L

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W

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t
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d
a
r
d
MW
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1
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2
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e

1

o
f

2

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c
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t
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e

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e
n
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e
n
e

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h
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o
b
e
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z
e
n
e

1
,
2
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i
c
h
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n
e

1
,
4
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c
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n
e

c
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s
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1
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2
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c
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t
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n
e

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y
l

c
h
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e

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n
t
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A
r
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n
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c

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a
d
m
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C
h
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C
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b
a
l
t
Copper Lead Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc
TA
B
L
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3
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a
l

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n
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a
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n
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U
n
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y

-

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l
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W
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F
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F
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l
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w
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N
o
r
t
h

C
a
r
o
l
i
n
a
Appendix I Metals
Mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g

Lo
c
a
t
i
o
n
Sa
m
p
l
e

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p
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d
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No
t
e
s
:
Prepared By: RMC 11/24/15
1.

V
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s

-

v
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g

t
o

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P
A

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8
2
6
0
B
.
Checked By: AAS 12/02/15
2.

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a
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3.

C
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1
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5.

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f
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f
f
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f
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t
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N
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d
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d
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(
M
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;

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t
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f
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l
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c
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t
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8.

B
l
a
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l
s

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c
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t
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D
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.
9.

J

-

c
o
n
c
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n

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s

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s
t
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g
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t
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M
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t

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s

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l
a
b
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a
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p
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)
.
10
.

A

-

s
a
m
p
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e

d
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l
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d
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t
o

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n
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n
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l

s
t
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d
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r
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c
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v
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u
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l
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.
11
.

B

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c
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l
a
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b
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k

s
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m
p
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.
12
.

B
o
l
d

c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s

i
n
d
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c
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x
c
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d
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n
c
e

o
f

2
L

G
W

S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
,

S
W
S
L

S
t
a
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d
a
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d
,

o
r

S
u
r
f
a
c
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W
a
t
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r

S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
.
13
.

*

t
o
t
a
l

A
n
t
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m
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y

a
n
a
l
y
z
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d

d
u
e

t
o

d
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t
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c
t
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o
f

a
n
t
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m
o
n
y

i
n

t
h
e

a
s
s
o
c
i
a
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d

b
l
a
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k

a
t

a

c
o
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c
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t
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a
t
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n

g
r
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a
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t
h
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n

h
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f

t
h
e

l
a
b
or
a
t
o
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y

r
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p
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g

l
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m
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t
.
14
.

*
*

i
n
d
i
c
a
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s

c
r
i
t
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r
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a

i
s

N
a
t
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o
n
a
l

C
r
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t
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a

p
e
r

E
P
A

(
t
a
b
l
e

d
a
t
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d

M
a
y

1
5
,

2
0
1
3
)
.
Hu
m
a
n

H
e
a
l
t
h
Fr
e
s
h
w
a
t
e
r

A
q
u
a
t
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i
f
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Su
r
f
a
c
e

W
a
t
e
r
SW
-
2
Pa
g
e

2

o
f

2
November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

FIGURES
November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

APPENDIX A

LANDFILL GAS MONITORING DATA FORM
November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

APPENDIX B

NCDEQ ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORTING FORM
November 2015 Semi-annual Water Quality and Landfill Gas Monitoring Report
WCU Closed MSWLF
Amec Foster Wheeler Project 6252-15-0221
January 11, 2016

APPENDIX C

LABORATORY ANALYTICAL REPORT
AND CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY RECORD

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