6013_GreenwayNorthMeckCDLF_20170926_WQMPPermitApp_DIN28684

-i- Water Quality Monitoring Plan Updated August 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 PURPOSE ...........................................................................................................................1
2.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................2 2.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Site Geology/Hydrogeology ................................................................................... 3 2.3 Point-of-Compliance Monitoring Wells ................................................................. 4
3.0 GROUNDWATER MONITORING PLAN ....................................................................6 3.1 Point-of-Compliance Monitoring Well Network .................................................... 6
3.2 Assessment Monitoring Well Network ................................................................... 7 3.3 Neighboring Inactive Water Supply Wells ............................................................. 8 3.4 Groundwater Monitoring Procedures ..................................................................... 8 3.4.1 Well Water Level Gauging ..........................................................................8 3.4.2 Well Purging ................................................................................................8
3.4.3 Groundwater Sample Collection ................................................................10
3.5 Groundwater Sample Analytical Procedures ........................................................ 10 3.5.1 Detection Monitoring .................................................................................10 3.5.2 Assessment Monitoring .............................................................................11 3.5.3 Quality Assurance Analyses and Data Validation .....................................12
4.0 SURFACE WATER MONITORING PLAN ................................................................13
5.0 WATER QUALITY MONITORING REPORTING ...................................................15 FIGURES
Figure 1 - Site Location Map Figure 2 - Detailed Site Map
TABLES
Table 1 - Summary of Point-of-Compliance (POC) Wells Table 2 - Summary of Assessment Wells
ATTACHMENTS Attachment A - Representative Site Groundwater Potentiometric Map Attachment B - Water Quality Monitoring Location Map Attachment C - NCDEQ Solid Waste Section Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling
Attachment D - NCDEQ Solid Waste Section Monitoring Report Memos and Forms

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1.0 PURPOSE

The Water Quality Monitoring Plan (Plan) for Greenway Waste Solutions at North Meck, LLC
(formerly North Mecklenburg C&D Landfill) has been updated to include assessment monitoring
requirements and activities that have been implemented and are on-going since August 2013 at the
landfill facility. This Plan updates the previous Water Quality Monitoring Plan prepared by
EnviroPro, P.C. as revised January 2010. The purpose of this Plan is to identify the current
monitoring network, methods, and procedures to be used to effectively monitor groundwater and
surface water quality in the uppermost aquifer present at the subject site that is representative of
1) background groundwater quality, and 2) groundwater quality passing the relevant point of
compliance at appropriate locations downgradient of proposed landfilling operations. This Plan
includes sections describing: 1) groundwater detection monitoring; 2) groundwater assessment
monitoring; 3) well gauging, purging, and sampling procedures; 4) surface water monitoring, 5)
analytical methods; and 6) data evaluation and reporting requirements set forth by the North
Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) – Solid Waste Section (SWS). The
requirements for water quality monitoring of C&D landfill facilities are codified in the Solid Waste
Rules 15A NCAC 13B .0500.
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2.0 INTRODUCTION

2.1 BACKGROUND

The subject landfill facility is operated by Greenway Waste Solutions at North Meck, LLC (GWS)
under Solid Waste Facility Permit Number 60-13. The facility address is 15300 Holbrooks Road,
Huntersville, North Carolina. A Site Location Map is attached as Figure 1. The landfill facility is
comprised of an earlier closed landfill phase referred to as the Closed Phase I Area and a more
recent landfill expansion area referred to as the Infill Area. A Site Map is attached as Figure 1.
The Closed Phase I Area is permitted under previous Solid Waste Rules 15A NCAC 13B .0500
and the Infill Area is permitted under the current Solid Waste Rules 15A NCAC 13B .0500 that
became effective January 1, 2007. With regard to the current required assessment monitoring
program at the landfill facility, this distinction results in a different required set of analytical
parameters for these separate landfill phases. Moving forward into a corrective action phase, GWS
will combine the two landfill phases into one landfill entity with regard to water quality monitoring
and corrective action compliance.

The Closed Phase I Area is located in the southern portion of the site and is bounded by an unnamed
tributary of Cane Creek to the north with other landfill disposal areas further to the north, private
property to the west, and land owned by Mecklenburg County to the east. Adjacent land parcels
to the south and southeast of the Closed Phase I Area are developed with single-family residences.
Some adjacent parcels have been recently purchased by GWS. Cane Creek abuts the southeast
property boundaries of the aforementioned land parcels on the south side of the closed landfill.
The Closed Phase I Area is comprised of approximately 23.3 acres. Waste placement in this
disposal area generally occurred during the years 1993 to 2002.

The Infill Area consists of three landfill expansion areas including: 1) Expansion Area 1 that is a
closed C&D landfill cell on the west side; 2) Expansion Area 2 that contains Phase 1, 2 and 3 C&D
landfill cells on the east side; and 3) an infill saddle or bridge expansion active C&D landfill cell
that spans portions of Expansion Areas 1 and 2. The Infill Area is situated in the northern portion
of the landfill property, and is generally bounded by an unnamed tributary of Cane Creek to the
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south, beyond which lies the Closed Phase I Area. On the west and northwest, the Infill Area is
bounded by private property, a Colonial Pipeline easement, and land owned by the Town of
Huntersville. To the north, the Infill Area is bounded by additional GWS landfill property. Land
owned by Mecklenburg County including the David B. Waymer Flying Regional Park (a former
unlined municipal solid waste landfill - Holbrooks Road Landfill) bounds the site to the north and
east.

2.2 SITE GEOLOGY/HYDROGEOLOGY

Based on the NC Geologic Map (1985), the subject site is underlain by granitic rocks. The local
groundwater system is comprised of two interconnected zones: 1) residual soil/
saprolite/weathered fractured rock (regolith) overlying 2) fractured crystalline bedrock. The
regolith layer is vertically stratified by degree of weathering. A highly weathered and structure-
less residual soil occurs near the ground surface. The residual soil grades into saprolite, a coarser
grained material that retains the structure of the parent bedrock. Beneath the saprolite, partially
weathered/fractured bedrock occurs with depth until sound bedrock is encountered. A transition
zone at the base of the regolith has been interpreted to be present in many areas of the Piedmont.
The zone consists of partially weathered/fractured bedrock and lesser amounts of saprolite that
grades into bedrock and has been described as “being the most permeable part of the system, even
slightly more permeable than the soil zone” (Harned and Daniel 1992).

LeGrand (1988; 1989) developed a conceptual hydrogeologic model of the composite regolith-
fractured crystalline rock aquifer system in the Piedmont. The basic hydrologic entity in this
conceptual model is the surface drainage basin that contains a perennial stream. Each Piedmont
drainage basin is similar to adjacent basins and the conditions are generally repetitive from basin
to basin. Within a basin, movement of groundwater is generally restricted to the area extending
from the drainage divides to a perennial stream. LeGrand refers to this hydrogeologic system as
a “slope aquifer system”. Rarely does groundwater move beneath a perennial stream to another
more distant stream or across drainage divides. Therefore, in most cases in the Piedmont, the
groundwater system is a two-medium system restricted to the local drainage basin (LeGrand
1988). Groundwater flow paths in the Piedmont are almost invariably restricted to the zone
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underlying the topographic slope extending from a topographic divide to an adjacent stream.
Under natural conditions, the general direction of groundwater flow can be approximated from
the surface topography (LeGrand 1989).

A representative site groundwater potentiometric map is presented as Attachment A. Groundwater
movement across the Infill Area is to the southeast toward the on-site stream tributary along its
southern boundary. Groundwater movement beneath the northern half of the Closed Phase I Area
is to the north and northwest toward the on-site stream tributary. A local groundwater divide is
shown to bisect the Closed Phase I Area such that groundwater movement in the southern half of
this landfill area is to the southeast toward Cane Creek, which lies beyond the landfill property
boundary to the southeast.

2.3 POINT-OF-COMPLIANCE MONITORING WELLS

Collectively, the facility maintains 23 point-of-compliance (POC) groundwater monitoring wells
as defined by 15A NCAC 13B .0544(b)(1)(B) on the periphery of the Closed Phase I and Infill
Areas as listed in Table 1. To avoid confusion, Infill Area wells have been designated by the added
suffix "(i)". The approximate POC monitoring well locations are depicted in Figure 2.
Table 1 - Summary of Point-of-Compliance (POC) Wells

2.4 Assessment Monitoring and Other Wells
During the July 2013 and subsequent monitoring events, VOCs were detected at concentrations
exceeding groundwater quality requirements as defined by Title 15A North Carolina
POC Wells – Closed Phase I Area POC Wells – Infill Expansion Area
MW-4 MW-8 MW-4A MW-8D MS-4D MW-9
MW-6 MW-10A
MW-6D MW-10D-1 MW-7 MW-11B MW-7A MW-11D MW-7D
MW-1(i) MW-2(i) MW-11(i)
MW-11D(i)
MW-12(i) MW-12D(i) MW-15(i) MW-16(i)
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Administrative Code Subchapter 02L Groundwater Classifications and Standards (2L Standards)
in Closed Phase I and Infill Area well samples. VOCs detected in concentrations greater than the
2L Standards include benzene, methylene chloride, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and vinyl chloride.
Vinyl chloride is the predominant VOC in site groundwater. As a consequence of detecting
regulated constituents at concentrations exceeding the 2L Standards, the NCDEQ-SWS required
GWS to perform assessment monitoring and a contaminant delineation. Other groundwater
monitoring wells that are present within the two landfill areas (which by definition are not point-
of-compliance wells as listed in Table 1) are considered to be assessment wells added to the landfill
well network to characterize and delineate groundwater contamination. These assessment wells
are listed in Table 2 below.

Table 2 - Summary of Assessment Wells

2.5 NEIGHBORING INACTIVE PRIVATE WATER SUPPLY WELLS

Due to the proximity of three neighboring private water supply wells (now inactive) situated
hydraulically downgradient of the Closed Phase I Area, water samples have been recently collected
from these private wells for targeted analyses. The approximate locations of the neighboring water
supply wells are shown on Figure 2. These water supply wells are inactive and the residences have
been collected to a public water supply.

Assessment Wells Closed Phase I Area Assessment Wells Infill Expansion Area
MW-1
MW-5
MS-5D MW-10 MW-10D MW-11
MW-3(i) MW-7(i)
MW-4(i) MW-7D(i)
MW-4D(i) MW-8(i) MW-5(i) MW-8D(i) MW-5D(i) MW-9(i) MW-6(i) MW-9D(i)
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3.0 GROUNDWATER MONITORING PLAN

3.1 POINT-OF-COMPLIANCE MONITORING WELL NETWORK

The point-of-compliance (POC) groundwater monitoring well network for the landfill facility is
identified in Table 1 in Subsection 2.3. The approximate POC well locations are depicted on
Figure 2. Prior to the required shift to assessment monitoring, facility POC wells in the two landfill
areas were monitored for the constituents listed in Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 258, and for mercury,
chloride, manganese, iron, sulfate, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, specific conductance, pH, and
temperature as specified in 15A NCAC 13B .0544(b)(1)(D). While in the current assessment
monitoring program under the older Solid Waste Rules, the rules require POC wells in the Closed
Phase I Area be sampled for Appendix I constituents. Under the current Solid Waste Rules, POC
wells in the Infill Area are sampled for additional analytical parameters that include the
constituents listed in Appendix II of 40 CFR Part 258 as specified in 15A NCAC 13 B .0545(b)(2).

The practicality of combining the two landfill areas into a single landfill entity under the same
SWS Rules to address corrective action will also require that the Closed Phase I Area meet the
more stringent assessment water quality monitoring program currently performed in the Infill Area
(i.e. Appendix II monitoring). Since POC wells in the Closed Phase I Area have not been sampled
for Appendix II constituents, a background sampling event for the Appendix II constituents will
be conducted to determine the constituents requiring future monitoring. The background event
will include constituents listed in Appendix II of 40 CFR Part 258, and for mercury, chloride,
manganese, iron, sulfate, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, specific conductance, pH, and
temperature. Following the background sampling event, GWS reserves the right to petition the
SWS to reduce the Appendix II parameter list to target specifically identified constituents.

POC monitoring wells in the Infill Area will continue to be monitored for constituents listed in
Appendix II and for mercury, chloride, manganese, iron, sulfate, alkalinity, total dissolved solids,
specific conductance, pH, and temperature. GWS reserves the right to petition the SWS to reduce
the Appendix II parameter list to target specifically identified constituents.
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NCDEQ-SWS may give approval to return to detection monitoring when: 1) the subject analytes
are shown to be at or below background values and 15A NCAC 2L .0202 for two consecutive
sampling events; 2) the plume is not migrating horizontally or vertically: and 3) the plume has not
exceeded the compliance boundary, as specified in 15A NCAC 13B .0545(b)(9) (A), (B), and (C).

3.2 ASSESSMENT MONITORING WELL NETWORK

Assessment monitoring wells and other internal facility wells have been added to the original
landfill detection monitoring network to characterize and delineate horizontal and vertical
contaminant migration. These wells are identified in Table 2 in Subsection 2.4. Approximate
assessment well locations are depicted on Figure 2.

While in the current assessment monitoring program under the older Solid Waste Rules, the rules
require that assessment wells in the Closed Phase I Area be sampled for Appendix I constituents.
Under the current Solid Waste Rules, assessment wells in the Infill Area are sampled for additional
analytical parameters that include the constituents listed in Appendix II of 40 CFR Part 258 as
specified in 15A NCAC 13 B .0545(b)(2).

The practicality of combining the two landfill areas into a single landfill entity under the same
SWS Rules to address corrective action will also require that the Closed Phase I Area meet the
more stringent assessment water quality monitoring program currently performed in the Infill Area
(i.e. Appendix II monitoring). Since Closed Phase I Area wells have not been sampled for
Appendix II constituents, a background sampling event for the Appendix II constituents will be
conducted to determine the constituents requiring future monitoring. The background event will
include constituents listed in Appendix II of 40 CFR Part 258, and for mercury, chloride,
manganese, iron, sulfate, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, specific conductance, pH, and
temperature. Following the background sampling event, GWS reserves the right to petition the
SWS to reduce the Appendix II parameter list to target specifically identified constituents.

Assessment monitoring wells in the Infill Area will continue to be monitored for constituents listed
in Appendix II and for mercury, chloride, manganese, iron, sulfate, alkalinity, total dissolved
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solids, specific conductance, pH, and temperature. GWS reserves the right to petition the SWS to
reduce the current Appendix II parameter list to target specifically identified constituents.

Assessment monitoring will no longer be required in the Closed Phase I or Infill Areas when the
facility meets the conditions listed in the last paragraph of Subsection 3.1 to return to detection
monitoring for which only POC wells are sampled.

3.3 NEIGHBORING INACTIVE WATER SUPPLY WELLS

Due to the proximity of three neighboring private water supply wells situated hydraulically
downgradient of the Closed Phase I Area, water samples have been recently collected as part of
the assessment monitoring program. The approximate locations of the neighboring water supply
wells are shown on Figure 2. Water supply well water samples will be analyzed for the constituents
listed in Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 258, mercury, specific conductance, pH, temperature, and
turbidity. The analytical methods listed in Subsection 3.5.1 will be followed in analyzing the
surface water samples.

3.4 Groundwater Monitoring Procedures

3.4.1 Well Water Level Gauging
Each time groundwater is sampled at the facility well water levels will be gauged prior to well
purging and sample collection. Gauging of the well network at the facility will be performed
within a 24-hour period of time to avoid temporal variations in groundwater flow. Well gauging
will be performed in general accordance with the Solid Waste Section Guidelines for
Groundwater, Soil, and Surface Water Sampling (Revised April 2008) ("SWS Sampling
Guidelines″) included as Attachment C.

3.4.2 Well Purging
Monitoring Wells
Well purging will be performed in general accordance with the attached SWS Sampling Guidelines
(see Attachment C). Prior to sample collection, each well to be sampled will be purged using
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either a low-flow peristaltic pump, low-flow submersible, or a dedicated Teflon™ bailer until field
parameters stabilize or of three well volumes. Field parameters (i.e., pH, temperature, specific
conductance, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and turbidity) will be measured and
recorded at the initiation of purging and upon the removal of each well volume, and these field-
measured data will be incorporated into the Water Quality Monitoring Report. Wells will be
adequately purged prior to sample collection to ensure representative aquifer formation water
rather than stagnant water is sampled. An adequate well purge may be achieved by purging three
well volumes or by satisfying any one of the three purge criteria specified in the attached SWS
Sampling Guidelines (see Attachment C).

To calculate well volumes for a two-inch diameter monitoring well, the volume of water present
will be determined using the following equation:

Well Volume (Gallons) = 0.16h where h is the height of the water column in the well.

Wells that demonstrate sufficient recharge will be purged as outlined above; however, some wells
may be bailed dry. In this case, the well will be allowed to recharge a minimum of 60 percent of
its static water level prior to collecting the sample.

Water Supply Wells with In-Place Plumbing
For a supply well that is not frequently pumped, the well will be purged from 15 to 30 minutes
while measuring field parameters. Field parameters (i.e., pH, temperature, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and turbidity) will be measured and recorded at
the initiation of purging and at five-minute intervals, and these field-measured data will be
incorporated into the Water Quality Monitoring Report. Wells will be adequately purged prior to
sample collection to ensure representative aquifer formation water rather than stagnant water is
sampled.

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3.4.3 Groundwater Sample Collection

Monitoring Wells
Groundwater samples will be collected from each targeted monitoring well in general accordance
with the attached SWS Sampling Guidelines (see Attachment C). Samples will be collected as
soon as practical and within 24 hours of the completion of well purging. Groundwater samples
will be collected in laboratory-supplied sample containers that will be properly labeled, placed on
ice in an insulated cooler, and either hand-delivered, picked up by laboratory courier, or shipped
overnight by express courier service to a North Carolina-certified laboratory. Proper chain-of-
custody documentation will be maintained from field sample collection through laboratory
analysis.

After sample collection, the expansion cap for each monitoring will be inserted into the riser and
the steel protective casing will be secured with a lock.

Water Supply Wells with In-Place Plumbing
Samples will be collected directly into laboratory-supplied containers from a spigot or cold water
tap as near to the well as possible, preferably prior to any storage/pressure tank or treatment system
that may be present. Following the well purge, the flow rate will be reduced to a low level to
minimize sample disturbance. For a spigot with low ground clearance, use of a secondary
collection container is allowed for sample transfer.

3.5 GROUNDWATER SAMPLE ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
3.5.1 Detection Monitoring

The detection monitoring program will include monitoring for the constituents listed in Appendix
I of 40 CFR Part 258, mercury, chloride, manganese, sulfate, iron, specific conductance, pH,
temperature, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids. The following parameter analytical methods
will be followed in analyzing the groundwater samples:

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Appendix I VOCs EPA Method 8260 or equivalent method
Appendix I Metals EPA Method 6010 or equivalent method
Mercury EPA Method 7470/7471 or equivalent method
Chloride Standard Method 4500 Cl E or equivalent method
Sulfate EPA Method 300.0 or equivalent method
Alkalinity Standard Method 2320B or equivalent method
Total Dissolved Solids Standard Method 2540C or equivalent method

Specific conductance, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and
turbidity will be measured with appropriate and properly calibrated water quality field instruments.

3.5.2 Assessment Monitoring

The assessment monitoring program will include monitoring for the constituents listed in
Appendix II of 40 CFR Part 258, mercury, chloride, manganese, sulfate, iron, specific
conductance, pH, temperature, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids. The following parameter
analytical methods will be followed in analyzing the groundwater samples:

Appendix II VOCs EPA Method 8260 or equivalent method
Appendix II SVOCs EPA Method 8270 or equivalent method
Appendix II OC Pesticides EPA Method 8081B or equivalent method
Appendix II PCBs EPA Method 8082A or equivalent method
Appendix II Herbicides EPA Method 8151A or equivalent method
Cyanide EPA Method 9014 or equivalent method
Appendix II Metals EPA Method 6010, 200.8, or equivalent method
Mercury EPA Method 7470/7471, 245.1, or equivalent method
Chloride Standard Method 4500 Cl E, 9056A or equivalent method
Sulfate EPA Method 300.0, 9056A, or equivalent method
Alkalinity Standard Method 2320B or equivalent method
Total Dissolved Solids Standard Method 2540C or equivalent method

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Specific conductance, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and
turbidity will be measured with appropriate and properly calibrated water quality field instruments.

As outlined in Subsections 3.1 and 3.2, GWS reserves the right to petition the SWS to reduce the
current Appendix II parameter list to target specifically identified constituents.

3.5.3 Quality Assurance Analyses and Data Validation

A trip blank will be analyzed for Appendix I VOCs. Up to two blind duplicate samples will be
collected for Appendix I VOC analysis. Up to six well samples will be collected as split samples
for which the splits will be submitted to two independent North Carolina-certified analytical
laboratories for Appendix 1 VOC analytical testing. Laboratory data will be subjected to Level II
laboratory data validation protocols.

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4.0 SURFACE WATER MONITORING PLAN

Six surface water monitoring points have been routinely sampled along the on-site Cane Creek
tributary that separates the Closed Phase I and Infill Areas at the approximate locations indicated
on the Water Quality Monitoring Location Map in Attachment B. Four monitoring points (SW-1,
SW-2, SW-3, and SW-4) along the tributary are sampled in order to evaluate potential impact to
surface water quality from surface runoff or groundwater discharge from the two landfill areas.
Two additional surface water monitoring points (SW-inf and SW-eff) are located at the inlet
(upstream) and outlet (downstream) areas of the buried pipes that convey surface water beneath
the Infill Area as indicated on the attached map.

The actual sampling points within the unnamed tributary will be located in areas of minimum
turbulence and aeration. Surface water samples will be collected in general accordance with the
attached SWS Sampling Guidelines (see Attachment C).

Sampling Directly Into Sample Container
If possible, the sample will be collected directly into the laboratory-supplied sample container.
This method will be used when practical for collecting grab samples for immediate in-situ field
analyses and when the laboratory-supplied sample containers do not contain preservatives. Sample
containers containing premeasured amounts of preservatives will not be used to collect grab
samples.

Sampling with an Intermediate Vessel or Container:
When a sample cannot be collected directly into the laboratory-supplied sample container, an
unpreserved sample container or an intermediate vessel (e.g., beakers, buckets or dippers) will be
used to obtain the sample. The intermediate vessel will be rinsed with ample amounts of site water
prior to collecting the first sample.

Double Check-Valve Bailer for Deeper Surface Water Samples
Deeper water samples can be collected using a double check-valve bailer if the data requirements
do not necessitate a sample from a strictly discrete interval of the water column. Rinse the
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sampling device with ample amounts of site water prior to collecting the first sample. Bailers with
an upper and lower check-valve can be lowered through the water column. Water will continually
be displaced through the bailer until the desired depth is reached, at which point the bailer is
retrieved.

Sample containers will be properly labeled, placed on ice in a portable cooler, and either hand-
delivered, picked up by laboratory courier, or shipped overnight by express courier service to a
North Carolina-certified laboratory for subsequent analytical testing. Surface water samples will
be analyzed for the constituents listed in Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 258, mercury, specific
conductance, pH, temperature, and turbidity. The analytical methods listed in Subsection 3.5.1
will be followed in analyzing the surface water samples.

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5.0 WATER QUALITY MONITORING REPORTING

In accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0545(b)(1)(H), a monitoring report will be submitted to the
SWS within 120 days of completing a semi-annual water quality sampling event. One copy will
be in electronic format, that will include the following information: 1) field observations relating
to the conditions of the monitoring wells; 2) field data; 3) summary of the laboratory data; 4) field
sampling quality assurance and quality control data; 5) information on ground-water flow direction
and flow rates; and 6) any other pertinent information related to the sampling event.

Water quality monitoring reporting will comply with SWS guidance provided on the NCDEQ
SWS website http://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/waste-management/waste-management-permit-
guidance/solid-waste-section/environmental-monitoring. The following links are provided on the
website:
1) Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form 2) Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) Template 3) October 2007 Memo 4) October 2006 Memo 5) Addendum to the October 2006 Memo
A hardcopy of each of the above documents is provided in Attachment D.

FIGURES

REFERENCE
DATE:DWG SCALE:
DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:APPROVED BY:
PROJECT NO:
FIGURE NO.:
SITE LOCATION MAP
111-370.0011"=1000'AUGUST 2017
PNP EHS EHS 1
NORTH MECKLENBURG C&D LANDFILL
GREENWAY WASTE SOLUTIONS OF
NORTH MECK, LLC
www.cecinc.com
1900 Center Park Drive - Suite A - Charlotte, NC 28217
Ph: 980.237.0373 · Fax: [phone]
NORTH
REFERENCE
8
A
B
34567 12
C
D
E
F
G
H
8 34567 12
A
B
C
D
E
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H
DESCRIPTIONDATENOREVISION RECORDwww.cecinc.com1900 Center Park Drive - Suite A - Charlotte, NC 28217Ph: 980.237.0373 · Fax: [phone]DATE:DWG SCALE:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:APPROVED BY:PROJECT NO:SHEET OF
FIGURE NO.:SITE MAP 111-370.00011" = 200'JANUARY 2017JKSEHSEHS
2GREENWAY WASTE SOLUTIONS OFNORTH MECK, LLCNORTH MECKLENBURG LANDFILLHUNTERSVILLE, NCNORTH

ATTACHMENT A REPRESENTATIVE SITE GROUNDWATER POTENTIOMETRIC MAP

8
A
B
34567 12
C
D
E
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8 34567 12
A
B
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DESCRIPTIONDATENOREVISION RECORD333 Baldwin Road · Pittsburgh, PA 15205412-429-2324 · 800-365-2324www.cecinc.comDATE:DWG SCALE:DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:APPROVED BY:PROJECT NO:SHEET OF
ATTACHMENT:2017 SPRINGGROUNDWATER POTENTIOMETRIC MAP111-370.0011" = 200'JANUARY 2017PNPEHSSLB1 1
AGREENWAY WASTE SOLUTIONSAT NORTH MECK, LLCNORTH MECK LANDFILLHUNTERSVILLE, NCNORTH LEGEND

ATTACHMENT B WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATION MAP

DATE:DWG SCALE:
DRAWN BY:CHECKED BY:APPROVED BY:
PROJECT NO:
ATTACHMENT:
WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATION MAP

111-370.0011" = 400'AUGUST 2017
JKS PNP EHS B
GREENWAY WASTE SOLUTIONS OF
NORTH MECK, LCC
NORTH MECKLENBURG LANDFILL
HUNTERSVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
www.cecinc.com
1900 Center Park Drive - Suite A - Charlotte, NC 28217
Ph: 980.237.0373 · Fax: [phone]
NORTH
REFERENCE
LEGEND

ATTACHMENT C NCDEQ SOLID WASTE SECTION GUIDELINES FOR GROUNDWATER, SOIL, AND SURFACE WATER SAMPLING

Solid Waste Section
Guidelines for Groundwater, Soil, and Surface
Water Sampling
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE SECTION

General Sampling Procedures
The following guidance is provided to insure a consistent sampling approach so that sample
collection activities at solid waste management facilities provide reliable data. Sampling must
begin with an evaluation of facility information, historical environmental data and site geologic
and hydrogeologic conditions. General sampling procedures are described in this document.

Planning
Begin sampling activities with planning and coordination. The party contracting with the
laboratory is responsible for effectively communicating reporting requirements and evaluating
data reliability as it relates to specific monitoring activities.
Sample Collection
Contamination Prevention
a.) Take special effort to prevent cross contamination or environmental contamination
when collecting samples.
1. If possible, collect samples from the least contaminated sampling location
(or background sampling location, if applicable) to the most contaminated
sampling location.
2. Collect the ambient or background samples first, and store them in
separate ice chests or separate shipping containers within the same ice
chest (e.g. untreated plastic bags).
3. Collect samples in flowing water at designated locations from upstream to
downstream.
b.) Do not store or ship highly contaminated samples (concentrated wastes, free product,
etc.) or samples suspect of containing high concentrations of contaminants in the
same ice chest or shipping containers with other environmental samples.
1. Isolate these sample containers by sealing them in separate, untreated
plastic bags immediately after collecting, preserving, labeling, etc.
2. Use a clean, untreated plastic bag to line the ice chest or shipping
container.
c.) All sampling equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated and transported in a
manner that does not allow it to become contaminated. Arrangements should be
made ahead of time to decontaminate any sampling or measuring equipment that will
be reused when taking samples from more than one well. Field decontamination of
Rev 4-08 1
sampling equipment will be necessary before sampling each well to minimize the risk
of cross contamination. Decontamination procedures should be included in reports as
necessary. Certified pre-cleaned sampling equipment and containers may be used.
When collecting aqueous samples, rinse the sample collection equipment with a
portion of the sample water before taking the actual sample. Sample containers do not
need to be rinsed. In the case of petroleum hydrocarbons, oil and grease, or
containers with pre-measured preservatives, the sample containers cannot be rinsed.
d.) Place all fuel-powered equipment away from, and downwind of, any site activities
(e.g., purging, sampling, decontamination).
1. If field conditions preclude such placement (i.e., the wind is from the
upstream direction in a boat), place the fuel source(s) as far away as
possible from the sampling activities and describe the conditions in the
field notes.
2. Handle fuel (i.e., filling vehicles and equipment) prior to the sampling
day. If such activities must be performed during sampling, the personnel
must wear disposable gloves.
3. Dispense all fuels downwind. Dispose of gloves well away from the
sampling activities.
Filling Out Sample Labels
Fill out label, adhere to vial and collect sample. Print legibly with indelible ink. At a
minimum, the label or tag should identify the sample with the following information:
1. Sample location and/or well number
2. Sample identification number
3. Date and time of collection
4. Analysis required/requested
5. Sampler’s initials
6. Preservative(s) used, if any [i.e., HCl, Na2S2O3, NO3, ice, etc.]
7. Any other pertinent information for sample identification
Sample Collection Order
Unless field conditions justify other sampling regimens, collect samples in the following
order:
1. Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics
2. Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate Organics and
Oil and Grease
3. Total Metals
4. Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and
Biologicals
5. Microbiological NOTE: If the pump used to collect groundwater samples cannot be used to collect volatile or
extractable organics then collect all other parameters and withdraw the pump and tubing. Then
collect the volatile and extractable organics.

Rev 4-08 2
Health and Safety
Implement all local, state, and federal requirements relating to health and safety. Follow all
local, state and federal requirements pertaining to the storage and disposal of any hazardous or
investigation derived wastes.
a.) The Solid Waste Section recommends wearing protective gloves when conducting all
sampling activities.
1. Gloves serve to protect the sample collector from potential exposure to sample
constituents, minimize accidental contamination of samples by the collector,
and preserve accurate tare weights on preweighed sample containers.
2. Do not let gloves come into contact with the sample or with the interior or lip
of the sample container. Use clean, new, unpowdered and disposable gloves.
Various types of gloves may be used as long as the construction materials do
not contaminate the sample or if internal safety protocols require greater
protection.
3. Note that certain materials that may potentially be present in concentrated
effluent can pass through certain glove types and be absorbed in the skin.
Many vendor catalogs provide information about the permeability of different
gloves and the circumstances under which the glove material might be
applicable. The powder in powdered gloves can contribute significant
contamination. Powdered gloves are not recommended unless it can be
demonstrated that the powder does not interfere with the sample analysis.
4. Change gloves after preliminary activities, after collecting all the samples at a
single sampling point, if torn or used to handle extremely dirty or highly
contaminated surfaces. Properly dispose of all used gloves as investigation
derived wastes.
b.) Properly manage all investigation derived waste (IDW).
5. To prevent contamination into previously uncontaminated areas, properly
manage all IDW. This includes all water, soil, drilling mud, decontamination
wastes, discarded personal protective equipment (PPE), etc. from site
investigations, exploratory borings, piezometer and monitoring well
installation, refurbishment, abandonment, and other investigative activities.
Manage all IDW that is determined to be RCRA-regulated hazardous waste
according to the local, state and federal requirements.
6. Properly dispose of IDW that is not a RCRA-regulated hazardous waste but is
contaminated above the Department’s Soil Cleanup Target Levels or the state
standards and/or minimum criteria for ground water quality. If the drill
cuttings/mud orpurged well water is contaminated with hazardous waste,
contact the DWM Hazardous Waste Section (919-508-8400) for disposal
options. Maintain all containers holding IDW in good condition. Periodically
inspect the containers for damage and ensure that all required labeling (DOT,
RCRA, etc.) are clearly visible.

Rev 4-08 3
Sample Storage and Transport
Store samples for transport carefully. Pack samples to prevent from breaking and to maintain a
temperature of approximately 4 degrees Celsius (°C), adding ice if necessary. Transport samples
to a North Carolina-certified laboratory as soon as possible. Avoid unnecessary handling of
sample containers. Avoid heating (room temperature or above, including exposure to sunlight)
or freezing of the sample containers. Reduce the time between sample collection and delivery to
a laboratory whenever possible and be sure that the analytical holding times of your samples can
be met by the laboratory.
a.) A complete chain-of-custody (COC) form must be maintained to document all
transfers and receipts of the samples. Be sure that the sample containers are labeled
with the sample location and/or well number, sample identification, the date and time
of collection, the analysis to be performed, the preservative added (if any), the
sampler’s initials, and any other pertinent information for sample identification. The
labels should contain a unique identifier (i.e., unique well numbers) that can be traced
to the COC form. The details of sample collection must be documented on the COC.
The COC must include the following:
1. Description of each sample (including QA/QC samples) and the number of
containers (sample location and identification)
2. Signature of the sampler
3. Date and time of sample collection
4. Analytical method to be performed
5. Sample type (i.e., water or soil)
6. Regulatory agency (i.e., NCDENR/DWM – SW Section)
7. Signatures of all persons relinquishing and receiving custody of the
samples
8. Dates and times of custody transfers
b.) Pack samples so that they are segregated by site, sampling location or by sample
analysis type. When COC samples are involved, segregate samples in coolers by site.
If samples from multiple sites will fit in one cooler, they may be packed in the same
cooler with the associated field sheets and a single COC form for all. Coolers should
not exceed a maximum weight of 50 lbs. Use additional coolers as necessary. All
sample containers should be placed in plastic bags (segregated by analysis and
location) and completely surrounded by ice.
1. Prepare and place trip blanks in an ice filled cooler before leaving for the
field.
2. Segregate samples by analysis and place in sealable plastic bags.
3. Pack samples carefully in the cooler placing ice around the samples.
4. Review the COC. The COC form must accompany the samples to the
laboratory. The trip blank(s) must also be recorded on the COC form.
5. Place completed COC form in a waterproof bag, sealed and taped under
the lid of the cooler.
6. Secure shipping containers with strapping tape to avoid accidental
opening.
7. For COC samples, a tamper-proof seal may also be placed over the cooler
lid or over a bag or container containing the samples inside the shipping
cooler.
Rev 4-08 4
8. "COC" or "EMERG" should be written in indelible ink on the cooler seal
to alert sample receipt technicians to priority or special handling samples.
9. The date and sample handler's signature must also be written on the COC
seal.
10. Deliver the samples to the laboratory or ship by commercial courier. NOTE: If transport time to the laboratory is not long enough to allow
samples to be cooled to 4° C, a temperature reading of the sample source
must be documented as the field temperature on the COC form. A
downward trend in temperature will be adequate even if cooling to 4° C is
not achieved. The field temperature should always be documented if there
is any question as to whether samples will have time to cool to 4° C during
shipment. Thermometers must be calibrated annually against an NIST
traceable thermometer and documentation must be retained.

Rev 4-08 5
Appendix A - Decontamination of Field Equipment
Decontamination of personnel, sampling equipment, and containers - before and after
sampling - must be used to ensure collection of representative samples and to prevent the
potential spread of contamination. Decontamination of personnel prevents ingestion and
absorption of contaminants. It must be done with a soap and water wash and deionized or
distilled water rinse. Certified pre-cleaned sampling equipment and containers may also be used.

All previously used sampling equipment must be properly decontaminated before sampling and
between sampling locations. This prevents the introduction of contamination into
uncontaminated samples and avoids cross-contamination of samples. Cross-contamination can
be a significant problem when attempting to characterize extremely low concentrations of
organic compounds or when working with soils that are highly contaminated.

Clean, solvent-resistant gloves and appropriate protective equipment must be worn by
persons decontaminating tools and equipment.

Cleaning Reagents
Recommendations for the types and grades of various cleaning supplies are outlined below.
The recommended reagent types or grades were selected to ensure that the cleaned equipment is
free from any detectable contamination.
a.) Detergents: Use Liqui-Nox (or a non-phosphate equivalent) or Alconox (or
equivalent). Liqui-Nox (or equivalent) is recommended by EPA, although Alconox
(or equivalent) may be substituted if the sampling equipment will not be used to
collect phosphorus or phosphorus containing compounds.
b.) Solvents: Use pesticide grade isopropanol as the rinse solvent in routine equipment
cleaning procedures. This grade of alcohol must be purchased from a laboratory
supply vendor. Rubbing alcohol or other commonly available sources of isopropanol are not acceptable. Other solvents, such as acetone or methanol, may be used as the
final rinse solvent if they are pesticide grade. However, methanol is more toxic to the
environment and acetone may be an analyte of interest for volatile organics.

1. Do not use acetone if volatile organics are of interest
2. Containerize all methanol wastes (including rinses) and dispose as a
hazardous waste.

Pre-clean equipment that is heavily contaminated with organic analytes. Use reagent
grade acetone and hexane or other suitable solvents. Use pesticide grade methylene
chloride when cleaning sample containers. Store all solvents away from potential
sources of contamination.
c.) Analyte-Free Water Sources: Analyte-free water is water in which all analytes of
interest and all interferences are below method detection limits. Maintain
documentation (such as results from equipment blanks) to demonstrate the reliability
and purity of analyte-free water source(s). The source of the water must meet the
requirements of the analytical method and must be free from the analytes of interest.
In general, the following water types are associated with specific analyte groups:
1. Milli-Q (or equivalent polished water): suitable for all analyses.
Rev 4-08 6
2. Organic-free: suitable for volatile and extractable organics.
3. Deionized water: may not be suitable for volatile and extractable
organics.
4. Distilled water: not suitable for volatile and extractable organics, metals
or ultratrace metals.
Use analyte-free water for blank preparation and the final decontamination water
rinse. In order to minimize long-term storage and potential leaching problems, obtain
or purchase analyte-free water just prior to the sampling event. If obtained from a
source (such as a laboratory), fill the transport containers and use the contents for a
single sampling event. Empty the transport container(s) at the end of the sampling
event. Discard any analyte-free water that is transferred to a dispensing container
(such as a wash bottle or pump sprayer) at the end of each sampling day.
d.) Acids:
1. Reagent Grade Nitric Acid: 10 - 15% (one volume concentrated nitric acid
and five volumes deionized water). Use for the acid rinse unless nitrogen
components (e.g., nitrate, nitrite, etc.) are to be sampled. If sampling for
ultra-trace levels of metals, use an ultra-pure grade acid.
2. Reagent Grade Hydrochloric Acid: 10% hydrochloric acid (one volume
concentrated hydrochloric and three volumes deionized water). Use when
nitrogen components are to be sampled.
3. If samples for both metals and the nitrogen-containing components are
collected with the equipment, use the hydrochloric acid rinse, or
thoroughly rinse with hydrochloric acid after a nitric acid rinse. If
sampling for ultra trace levels of metals, use an ultra-pure grade acid.
4. Freshly prepared acid solutions may be recycled during the sampling event
or cleaning process. Dispose of any unused acids according to local
ordinances.

Reagent Storage Containers
The contents of all containers must be clearly marked.
a.) Detergents:
1. Store in the original container or in a HDPE or PP container.
b.) Solvents:
1. Store solvents to be used for cleaning or decontamination in the original
container until use in the field. If transferred to another container for field
use, use either a glass or Teflon container.
2. Use dispensing containers constructed of glass, Teflon or stainless steel.
Note: If stainless steel sprayers are used, any gaskets that contact the
solvents must be constructed of inert materials.
c.) Analyte-Free Water:
1. Transport in containers appropriate for the type of water stored. If the
water is commercially purchased (e.g., grocery store), use the original
containers when transporting the water to the field. Containers made of
glass, Teflon, polypropylene or HDPE are acceptable.
2. Use glass or Teflon to transport organic-free sources of water on-site.
Polypropylene or HDPE may be used, but are not recommended.
Rev 4-08 7
3. Dispense water from containers made of glass, Teflon, HDPE or
polypropylene.
4. Do not store water in transport containers for more than three days before
beginning a sampling event.
5. If working on a project that has oversight from EPA Region 4, use glass
containers for the transport and storage of all water.
6. Store and dispense acids using containers made of glass, Teflon or plastic.

General Requirements
a.) Prior to use, clean/decontaminate all sampling equipment (pumps, tubing, lanyards,
split spoons, etc.) that will be exposed to the sample.
b.) Before installing, clean (or obtain as certified pre-cleaned) all equipment that is
dedicated to a single sampling point and remains in contact with the sample medium
(e.g., permanently installed groundwater pump). If you use certified pre-cleaned
equipment no cleaning is necessary.
1. Clean this equipment any time it is removed for maintenance or repair.
2. Replace dedicated tubing if discolored or damaged.
c.) Clean all equipment in a designated area having a controlled environment (house,
laboratory, or base of field operations) and transport it to the field, pre-cleaned and
ready to use, unless otherwise justified.
d.) Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field-cleaned for other
sites. Rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect in-process (e.g.,
untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples immediately with water.
e.) Whenever possible, transport sufficient clean equipment to the field so that an entire
sampling event can be conducted without the need for cleaning equipment in the
field.
f.) Segregate equipment that is only used once (i.e., not cleaned in the field) from clean
equipment and return to the in-house cleaning facility to be cleaned in a controlled
environment.
g.) Protect decontaminated field equipment from environmental contamination by
securely wrapping and sealing with one of the following:
1. Aluminum foil (commercial grade is acceptable)
2. Untreated butcher paper
3. Clean, untreated, disposable plastic bags. Plastic bags may be used for all
analyte groups except volatile and extractable organics. Plastic bags may
be used for volatile and extractable organics, if the equipment is first
wrapped in foil or butcher paper, or if the equipment is completely dry.

Cleaning Sample Collection Equipment
a.) On-Site/In-Field Cleaning – Cleaning equipment on-site is not recommended because
environmental conditions cannot be controlled and wastes (solvents and acids) must
be containerized for proper disposal.
1. Ambient temperature water may be substituted in the hot, sudsy water bath
and hot water rinses. NOTE: Properly dispose of all solvents and acids.
Rev 4-08 8
2. Rinse all equipment with water after use, even if it is to be field-cleaned
for other sites.
3. Immediately rinse equipment used at contaminated sites or used to collect
in-process (e.g., untreated or partially treated wastewater) samples with
water.
b.) Heavily Contaminated Equipment - In order to avoid contaminating other samples,
isolate heavily contaminated equipment from other equipment and thoroughly
decontaminate the equipment before further use. Equipment is considered heavily
contaminated if it:
1. Has been used to collect samples from a source known to contain
significantly higher levels than background.
2. Has been used to collect free product.
3. Has been used to collect industrial products (e.g., pesticides or solvents) or
their byproducts. NOTE: Cleaning heavily contaminated equipment in the field is not recommended.
c.) On-Site Procedures:
1. Protect all other equipment, personnel and samples from exposure by
isolating the equipment immediately after use.
2. At a minimum, place the equipment in a tightly sealed, untreated, plastic
bag.
3. Do not store or ship the contaminated equipment next to clean,
decontaminated equipment, unused sample containers, or filled sample
containers.
4. Transport the equipment back to the base of operations for thorough
decontamination.
5. If cleaning must occur in the field, document the effectiveness of the
procedure, collect and analyze blanks on the cleaned equipment.
d.) Cleaning Procedures:
1. If organic contamination cannot be readily removed with scrubbing and a
detergent solution, pre-rinse equipment by thoroughly rinsing or soaking
the equipment in acetone.
2. Use hexane only if preceded and followed by acetone.
3. In extreme cases, it may be necessary to steam clean the field equipment
before proceeding with routine cleaning procedures.
4. After the solvent rinses (and/or steam cleaning), use the appropriate
cleaning procedure. Scrub, rather than soak, all equipment with sudsy
water. If high levels of metals are suspected and the equipment cannot be
cleaned without acid rinsing, soak the equipment in the appropriate acid.
Since stainless steel equipment should not be exposed to acid rinses, do
not use stainless steel equipment when heavy metal contamination is
suspected or present.
5. If the field equipment cannot be cleaned utilizing these procedures,
discard unless further cleaning with stronger solvents and/or oxidizing
solutions is effective as evidenced by visual observation and blanks.
6. Clearly mark or disable all discarded equipment to discourage use.
Rev 4-08 9
e.) General Cleaning - Follow these procedures when cleaning equipment under
controlled conditions. Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions
and/or recommendations.
1. Procedure for Teflon, stainless steel and glass sampling equipment: This
procedure must be used when sampling for ALL analyte groups.
(Extractable organics, metals, nutrients, etc. or if a single decontamination
protocol is desired to clean all Teflon, stainless steel and glass equipment.)
Rinse equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water. If
samples for trace metals or inorganic analytes will be collected with the
equipment that is not stainless steel, thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces)
with the appropriate acid solution. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free
water. Make sure that all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed with
water. If samples for volatile or extractable organics will be collected,
rinse with isopropanol. Wet equipment surfaces thoroughly with free-
flowing solvent. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Allow to air
dry. Wrap and seal as soon as the equipment has air-dried. If isopropanol
is used, the equipment may be air-dried without the final analyte-free
water rinse; however, the equipment must be completely dry before
wrapping or use. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the
procedure described above.
2. General Cleaning Procedure for Plastic Sampling Equipment: Rinse
equipment with hot tap water. Soak equipment in a hot, sudsy water
solution (Liqui-Nox or equivalent). If necessary, use a brush to remove
particulate matter or surface film. Rinse thoroughly with hot tap water.
Thoroughly rinse (wet all surfaces) with the appropriate acid solution.
Check manufacturer's instructions for cleaning restrictions and/or
recommendations. Rinse thoroughly with analyte-free water. Be sure that
all equipment surfaces are thoroughly flushed. Allow to air dry as long as
possible. Wrap clean sampling equipment according to the procedure
described above.

Rev 4-08 10

Appendix B - Collecting Soil Samples
Soil samples are collected for a variety of purposes. A methodical sampling approach must be
used to assure that sample collection activities provide reliable data. Sampling must begin with
an evaluation of background information, historical data and site conditions.

Soil Field Screening Procedures
Field screening is the use of portable devices capable of detecting petroleum contaminants on
a real-time basis or by a rapid field analytical technique. Field screening should be used to help
assess locations where contamination is most likely to be present.

When possible, field-screening samples should be collected directly from the excavation or
from the excavation equipment's bucket. If field screening is conducted only from the
equipment's bucket, then a minimum of one field screening sample should be collected from
each 10 cubic yards of excavated soil. If instruments or other observations indicate
contamination, soil should be separated into stockpiles based on apparent degrees of
contamination. At a minimum, soil suspected of contamination must be segregated from soil
observed to be free of contamination.

a.) Field screening devices – Many field screen instruments are available for detecting
contaminants in the field on a rapid or real-time basis. Acceptable field screening
instruments must be suitable for the contaminant being screened. The procdedure for
field screening using photoionization detectors (PIDs) and flame ionization detectors
(FIDs) is described below. If other instruments are used, a description of the
instrument or method and its intended use must be provided to the Solid Waste
Section. Whichever field screening method is chosen, its accuracy must be verified
throughout the sampling process. Use appropriate standards that match the use
intended for the data. Unless the Solid Waste Section indicates otherwise, wherever
field screening is recommended in this document, instrumental or analytical methods
of detection must be used, not olfactory or visual screening methods.

b.) Headspace analytical screening procedure for filed screening (semi-quantitative field
screening) - The most commonly used field instruments for Solid Waste Section site
assessments are FIDs and PIDs. When using FIDs and PIDs, use the following
headspace screening procedure to obtain and analyze field-screening samples:
1. Partially fill (one-third to one-half) a clean jar or clean ziplock bag with
the sample to be analyzed. The total capacity of the jar or bag may not be
less than eight ounces (app. 250 ml), but the container should not be so
large as to allow vapor diffusion and stratification effects to significantly
affect the sample.
2. If the sample is collected from a spilt-spoon, it must be transferred to the
jar or bag for headspace analysis immediately after opening the split-
spoon. If the sample is collected from an excavation or soil pile, it must
be collected from freshly uncovered soil.
Rev 4-08 11
3. If a jar is used, it must be quickly covered with clean aluminum foil or a
jar lid; screw tops or thick rubber bands must be used to tightly seal the
jar. If a zip lock bag is used, it must be quickly sealed shut.
4. Headspace vapors must be allowed to develop in the container for at least
10 minutes but no longer than one hour. Containers must be shaken or
agitated for 15 seconds at the beginning and the end of the headspace
development period to assist volatilization. Temperatures of the
headspace must be warmed to at least 5° C (approximately 40° F) with
instruments calibrated for the temperature used.
5. After headspace development, the instrument sampling probe must be
inserted to a point about one-half the headspace depth. The container
opening must be minimized and care must be taken to avoid the uptake of
water droplets and soil particulates.
6. After probe insertion, the highest meter reading must be taken and
recorded. This will normally occur between two and five seconds after
probe insertion. If erratic meter response occurs at high organic vapor
concentrations or conditions of elevated headspace moisture, a note to that
effect must accompany the headspace data.
7. All field screening results must be documented in the field record or log
book.

Soil Sample Collection Procedures for Laboratory Samples
The number and type of laboratory samples collected depends on the purpose of the sampling
activity. Samples analyzed with field screening devices may not be substituted for required
laboratory samples.

a.) General Sample Collection - When collecting samples from potentially contaminated
soil, care should be taken to reduce contact with skin or other parts of the body.
Disposable gloves should be worn by the sample collector and should be changed
between samples to avoid cross-contamination. Soil samples should be collected in a
manner that causes the least disturbance to the internal structure of the sample and
reduces its exposure to heat, sunlight and open air. Likewise, care should be taken to
keep the samples from being contaminated by other materials or other samples
collected at the site. When sampling is to occur over an extended period of time, it is
necessary to insure that the samples are collected in a comparable manner. All
samples must be collected with disposable or clean tools that have been
decontaminated. Disposable gloves must be worn and changed between sample
collections. Sample containers must be filled quickly. Soil samples must be placed
in containers in the order of volatility, for example, volatile organic aromatic samples
must be taken first, organics next, then heavier range organics, and finally soil
classification samples. Containers must be quickly and adequately sealed, and rims
must be cleaned before tightening lids. Tape may be used only if known not to affect
sample analysis. Sample containers must be clearly labeled. Containers must
immediately be preserved according to procedures in this Section. Unless specified
Rev 4-08 12
otherwise, at a minimum, the samples must be immediately cooled to 4 ± 2°C and this
temperature must be maintained throughout delivery to the laboratory.
b.) Surface Soil Sampling - Surface soil is generally classified as soil between the ground
surface and 6-12 inches below ground surface. Remove leaves, grass and surface
debris from the area to be sampled. Select an appropriate, pre-cleaned sampling
device and collect the sample. Transfer the sample to the appropriate sample
container. Clean the outside of the sample container to remove excess soil. Label the
sample container, place on wet ice to preserve at 4°C, and complete the field notes.
c.) Subsurface Soil Sampling – The interval begins at approximately 12 inches below
ground surface. Collect samples for volatile organic analyses. For other analyses,
select an appropriate, pre-cleaned sampling device and collect the sample. Transfer
the sample to the appropriate sample container. Clean the outside of the sample
container to remove excess soil. Label the sample container, place on wet ice to
preserve at 4°C, and complete field notes.
d.) Equipment for Reaching the Appropriate Soil Sampling Depth - Samples may be
collected using a hollow stem soil auger, direct push, Shelby tube, split-spoon
sampler, or core barrel. These sampling devices may be used as long as an effort is
made to reduce the loss of contaminants through volatilization. In these situations,
obtain a sufficient volume of so the samples can be collected without volatilization
and disturbance to the internal structure of the samples. Samples should be collected
from cores of the soil. Non-disposable sampling equipment must be decontaminated
between each sample location. NOTE: If a confining layer has been breached during
sampling, grout the hole to land.
e.) Equipment to Collect Soil Samples - Equipment and materials that may be used to
collect soil samples include disposable plastic syringes and other “industry-standard”
equipment and materials that are contaminant-free. Non-disposable sampling
equipment must be decontaminated between each sample location.

Rev 4-08 13
Appendix C - Collecting Groundwater Samples
Groundwater samples are collected to identify, investigate, assess and monitor the concentration
of dissolved contaminant constituents. To properly assess groundwater contamination, first
install sampling points (monitoring wells, etc.) to collect groundwater samples and then perform
specific laboratory analyses. All monitoring wells should be constructed in accordance with 15A
NCAC 2C .0100 and sampled as outlined in this section. Groundwater monitoring is conducted
using one of two methods:

1. Portable Monitoring: Monitoring that is conducted using sampling equipment that is
discarded between sampling locations. Equipment used to collect a groundwater sample
from a well such as bailers, tubing, gloves, and etc. are disposed of after sample
collection. A new set of sampling equipment is used to collect a groundwater sample at
the next monitor well.

2. Dedicated Monitoring: Monitoring that utilizes permanently affixed down-well and well
head components that are capped after initial set-up. Most dedicated monitoring systems
are comprised of an in-well submersible bladder pump, with air supply and sample
discharge tubing, and an above-ground driver/controller for regulation of flow rates and
volumes. The pump and all tubing housed within the well should be composed of Teflon
or stainless steel components. This includes seals inside the pump, the pump body, and
fittings used to connect tubing to the pump. Because ground water will not be in contact
with incompatible constituents and because the well is sealed from the surface, virtually
no contamination is possible from intrinsic sources during sampling and between
sampling intervals. All dedicated monitoring systems must be approved by the Solid
Waste Section before installation.

Groundwater samples may be collected from a number of different configurations. Each
configuration is associated with a unique set of sampling equipment requirements and
techniques:

1. Wells without Plumbing: These wells require equipment to be brought to the well to
purge and sample unless dedicated equipment is placed in the well.

2. Wells with In-Place Plumbing: Wells with in-place plumbing do not require equipment
to be brought to the well to purge and sample. In-place plumbing is generally considered
permanent equipment routinely used for purposes other than purging and sampling, such
as for water supply.

3. Air Strippers or Remedial Systems: These types of systems are installed as remediation
devices.

Rev 4-08 14
Groundwater Sample Preparation
The type of sample containers used depends on the type of analysis performed. First,
determine the type(s) of contaminants expected and the proper analytical method(s). Be sure to
consult your selected laboratory for its specific needs and requirements prior to sampling.

Next, prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.) before taking any samples so
that each sample can be placed in a chilled environment immediately after collection.

Use groundwater purging and sampling equipment constructed of only non-reactive, non-
leachable materials that are compatible with the environment and the selected analytes. In
selecting groundwater purging and sampling equipment, give consideration to the depth of the
well, the depth to groundwater, the volume of water to be evacuated, the sampling and purging
technique, and the analytes of interest. Additional supplies, such as reagents and preservatives,
may be necessary.

All sampling equipment (bailers, tubing, containers, etc.) must be selected based on its
chemical compatibility with the source being sampled (e.g., water supply well, monitoring well)
and the contaminants potentially present.

a.) Pumps - All pumps or pump tubing must be lowered and retrieved from the well
slowly and carefully to minimize disturbance to the formation water. This is
especially critical at the air/water interface.
1. Above-Ground Pumps
• Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump: Use a variable speed peristaltic
pump to purge groundwater from wells when the static water level
in the well is no greater than 20- 25 feet below land surface (BLS).
If the water levels are deeper than 18-20 feet BLS, the pumping
velocity will decrease. A variable speed peristaltic pump can be
used for normal purging and sampling, and sampling low
permeability aquifers or formations. Most analyte groups can be
sampled with a peristaltic pump if the tubing and pump
configurations are appropriate.
• Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump: A variable speed centrifugal
pump can be used to purge groundwater from 2-inch and larger
internal diameter wells. Do not use this type of pump to collect
groundwater samples. When purging is complete, do not allow the
water that remains in the tubing to fall back into the well. Install a
check valve at the end of the purge tubing.
2. Submersible Pumps
• Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump: A variable speed
submersible pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater
from 2-inch and larger internal diameter wells. A variable speed
submersible pump can be used for normal purging and sampling,
and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations. The pump
housing, fittings, check valves and associated hardware must be
constructed of stainless steel. All other materials must be
Rev 4-08 15
compatible with the analytes of interest. Install a check valve at
the output side of the pump to prevent backflow. If purging and
sampling for organics, the entire length of the delivery tube must
be Teflon, polyethylene or polypropylene (PP) tubing; the
electrical cord must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP and
any cabling must be sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be
constructed of stainless steel; and all interior components that
contact the sample water (impeller, seals, gaskets, etc.) must be
constructed of stainless steel or Teflon.
3. Variable Speed Bladder Pump: A variable speed, positive displacement,
bladder pump can be used to purge and sample groundwater from 3/4-inch
and larger internal diameter wells.
• A variable speed bladder pump can be used for normal purging and
sampling, and sampling low permeability aquifers or formations.
• The bladder pump system is composed of the pump, the
compressed air tubing, the water discharge tubing, the controller
and a compressor, or a compressed gas supply.
• The pump consists of a bladder and an exterior casing or pump
body that surrounds the bladder and two (2) check valves. These
parts can be composed of various materials, usually combinations
of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Teflon, polyethylene, PP and
stainless steel. Other materials must be compatible with the
analytes of interest.
• If purging and sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constructed of stainless steel. The valves and bladder must be
Teflon, polyethylene or PP; the entire length of the delivery tube
must be Teflon, polyethylene or PP; and any cabling must be
sealed in Teflon, polyethylene or PP, or be constructed of stainless
steel.
• Permanently installed pumps may have a PVC pump body as long
as the pump remains in contact with the water in the well.
b.) Bailers
1. Purging: Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing can
cause changes in the chemistry of the water due to aeration and loosening
particulate matter in the space around the well screen. Use a bailer if there
is non-aqueous phase liquid (free product) in the well or if non-aqueous
phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Sampling: Bailers must be used with caution.
3. Construction and Type: Bailers must be constructed of materials
compatible with the analytes of interest. Stainless steel, Teflon, rigid
medical grade PVC, polyethylene and PP bailers may be used to sample
all analytes. Use disposable bailers when sampling grossly contaminated
sample sources. NCDENR recommends using dual check valve bailers
when collecting samples. Use bailers with a controlled flow bottom to
collect volatile organic samples.
Rev 4-08 16
4. Contamination Prevention: Keep the bailer wrapped (foil, butcher paper,
etc.) until just before use. Use protective gloves to handle the bailer once
it is removed from its wrapping. Handle the bailer by the lanyard to
minimize contact with the bailer surface.
c.) Lanyards
1. Lanyards must be made of non-reactive, non-leachable material. They
may be cotton twine, nylon, stainless steel, or may be coated with Teflon,
polyethylene or PP.
2. Discard cotton twine, nylon, and non-stainless steel braided lanyards after
sampling each monitoring well.
3. Decontaminate stainless steel, coated Teflon, polyethylene and PP
lanyards between monitoring wells. They do not need to be
decontaminated between purging and sampling operations.

Water Level and Purge Volume Determination
The amount of water that must be purged from a well is determined by the volume of water
and/or field parameter stabilization.

a.) General Equipment Considerations - Selection of appropriate purging equipment
depends on the analytes of interest, the well diameter, transmissivity of the aquifer,
the depth to groundwater, and other site conditions.
1. Use of a pump to purge the well is recommended unless no other
equipment can be used or there is non-aqueous phase liquid in the well, or
non-aqueous phase liquid is suspected to be in the well.
2. Bailers must be used with caution because improper bailing:
• Introduces atmospheric oxygen, which may precipitate metals
(i.e., iron) or cause other changes in the chemistry of the water
in the sample (i.e., pH).
• Agitates groundwater, which may bias volatile and semi-
volatile organic analyses due to volatilization.
• Agitates the water in the aquifer and resuspends fine particulate
matter.
• Surges the well, loosening particulate matter in the annular
space around the well screen.
• May introduce dirt into the water column if the sides of the
casing wall are scraped.
NOTE: It is critical for bailers to be slowly and gently immersed into the top of the water
column, particularly during the final stages of purging. This minimizes turbidity and
disturbance of volatile organic constituents.
b.) Initial Inspection
1. Remove the well cover and remove all standing water around the top of
the well casing (manhole) before opening the well.
2. Inspect the exterior protective casing of the monitoring well for damage.
Document the results of the inspection if there is a problem.
3. It is recommended that you place a protective covering around the well
head. Replace the covering if it becomes soiled or ripped.
Rev 4-08 17
4. Inspect the well lock and determine whether the cap fits tightly. Replace
the cap if necessary.
c.) Water Level Measurements - Use an electronic probe or chalked tape to determine the
water level. Decontaminate all equipment before use. Measure the depth to
groundwater from the top of the well casing to the nearest 0.01 foot. Always measure
from the same reference point or survey mark on the well casing. Record the
measurement.
1. Electronic Probe: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Follow the
manufacturer’s instructions for use. Record the measurement.
2. Chalked Line Method: Decontaminate all equipment before use. Lower
chalked tape into the well until the lower end is in the water. This is
usually determined by the sound of the weight hitting the water. Record
the length of the tape relative to the reference point. Remove the tape and
note the length of the wetted portion. Record the length. Determine the
depth to water by subtracting the length of the wetted portion from the
total length. Record the result.
d.) Water Column Determination - To determine the length of the water column, subtract
the depth to the top of the water column from the total well depth (or gauged well
depth if silting has occurred). The total well depth depends on the well construction.
If gauged well depth is used due to silting, report total well depth also. Some wells
may be drilled in areas of sinkhole, karst formations or rock leaving an open
borehole. Attempt to find the total borehole depth in cases where there is an open
borehole below the cased portion.
e.) Well Water Volume - Calculate the total volume of water, in gallons, in the well
using the following equation:
V = (0.041)d x d x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
d = well diameter in inches
h = height of the water column in feet
The total volume of water in the well may also be determined with the following
equation by using a casing volume per foot factor (Gallons per Foot of Water) for the
appropriate diameter well:
V = [Gallons per Foot of Water] x h
Where:
V = volume in gallons
h = height of the water column in feet
Record all measurements and calculations in the field records.
f.) Purging Equipment Volume - Calculate the total volume of the pump, associated
tubing and flow cell (if used), using the following equation:
V = p + ((0.041)d x d x l) + fc
Where:
V = volume in gallons
p = volume of pump in gallons
d = tubing diameter in inches
l = length of tubing in feet
Rev 4-08 18
fc = volume of flow cell in gallons
g.) If the groundwater elevation data are to be used to construct groundwater elevation
contour maps, all water level measurements must be taken within the same 24 hour
time interval when collecting samples from multiple wells on a site, unless a shorter
time period is required. If the site is tidally influenced, complete the water level
measurements within the time frame of an incoming or outgoing tide.

Well Purging Techniques
The selection of the purging technique and equipment is dependent on the hydrogeologic
properties of the aquifer, especially depth to groundwater and hydraulic conductivity.

a.) Measuring the Purge Volume - The volume of water that is removed during purging
must be recorded. Therefore, you must measure the volume during the purging
operation.
1. Collect the water in a graduated container and multiply the number of
times the container was emptied by the volume of the container, OR
2. Estimate the volume based on pumping rate. This technique may be used
only if the pumping rate is constant. Determine the pumping rate by
measuring the amount of water that is pumped for a fixed period of time,
or use a flow meter.
• Calculate the amount of water that is discharged per
minute: D = Measured Amount/Total Time In Minutes
• Calculate the time needed to purge one (1) well volume or
one (1) purging equipment volume: Time = V/D
Where: V = well volume or purging equipment volume
D = discharge rate
• Make new measurements each time the pumping rate is
changed.
3. Use a totalizing flow meter.
• Record the reading on the totalizer prior to purging.
• Record the reading on the totalizer at the end of purging.
• To obtain the volume purged, subtract the reading on the
totalizer prior to purging from the reading on the totalizer at
the end of purging.
• Record the times that purging begins and ends in the field
records.
b.) Purging Measurement Frequency - When purging a well that has the well screen fully
submerged and the pump or intake tubing is placed within the well casing above the
well screen or open hole, purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Allow at least one quarter (1/4) well volume
to purge between subsequent measurements. When purging a well that has the pump
or intake tubing placed within a fully submerged well screen or open hole, purge until
the water level has stabilized (well recovery rate equals the purge rate), then purge a
minimum of one (1) volume of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell (if used)
prior to collecting measurements of the field parameters. Take measurements of the
field parameters no sooner than two (2) to three (3) minutes apart. Purge at least
Rev 4-08 19
three (3) volumes of the pump, associated tubing and flow cell, if used, prior to
collecting a sample. When purging a well that has a partially submerged well screen,
purge a minimum of one (1) well volume prior to collecting measurements of the
field parameters. Take measurements of the field parameters no sooner than two (2)
to three (3) minutes apart.
c.) Purging Completion - Wells must be adequately purged prior to sample collection to
ensure representation of the aquifer formation water, rather than stagnant well water.
This may be achieved by purging three volumes from the well or by satisfying any
one of the following three purge completion criteria:
1.) Three (3) consecutive measurements in which the three (3) parameters listed
below are within the stated limits, dissolved oxygen is no greater than 20
percent of saturation at the field measured temperature, and turbidity is no
greater than 20 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs).
• Temperature: + 0.2° C
• pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
• Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
Document and report the following, as applicable. The last four items only
need to be submitted once:
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
2.) If it is impossible to get dissolved oxygen at or below 20 percent of saturation
at the field measured temperature or turbidity at or below 20 NTUs, then three
(3) consecutive measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance and
the parameter(s) dissolved oxygen and/or turbidity that do not meet the
requirements above must be within the limits below. The measurements are:
• Temperature: + 0.2° C
• pH: + 0.2 Standard Units
• Specific Conductance: + 5.0% of reading
• Dissolved Oxygen: + 0.2 mg/L or 10%, whichever is
greater
• Turbidity: + 5 NTUs or 10%, whichever is greater
Additionally, document and report the following, as applicable, except that
the last four(4) items only need to be submitted once:
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
dissolved oxygen to be high and/or dissolved oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
Rev 4-08 20
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
3.) If after five (5) well volumes, three (3) consecutive measurements of the field
parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and
turbidity are not within the limits stated above, check the instrument condition
and calibration, purging flow rate and all tubing connections to determine if
they might be affecting the ability to achieve stable measurements. It is at the
discretion of the consultant/contractor whether or not to collect a sample or to
continue purging. Further, the report in which the data are submitted must
include the following, as applicable. The last four (4) items only need to be
submitted once.
• Purging rate.
• Drawdown in the well, if any.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
Dissolved Oxygen to be high and/or Dissolved Oxygen
measurements made within the screened or open hole
portion of the well with a downhole dissolved oxygen
probe.
• A description of conditions at the site that may cause the
turbidity to be high and any procedures that will be used to
minimize turbidity in the future.
• A description of the process and the data used to design the
well.
• The equipment and procedure used to install the well.
• The well development procedure.
• Pertinent lithologic or hydrogeologic information.
If wells have previously and consistently purged dry, and the current depth to
groundwater indicates that the well will purge dry during the current sampling
event, minimize the amount of water removed from the well by using the same
pump to purge and collect the sample:
• Place the pump or tubing intake within the well screened
interval.
• Use very small diameter Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing
and the smallest possible pump chamber volume. This will
minimize the total volume of water pumped from the well
and reduce drawdown.
• Select tubing that is thick enough to minimize oxygen
transfer through the tubing walls while pumping.
Rev 4-08 21
• Pump at the lowest possible rate (100 mL/minute or less) to
reduce drawdown to a minimum.
• Purge at least two (2) volumes of the pumping system
(pump, tubing and flow cell, if used).
• Measure pH, specific conductance, temperature, dissolved
oxygen and turbidity, then begin to collect the samples.
Collect samples immediately after purging is complete. The time period between
completing the purge and sampling cannot exceed six hours. If sample collection
does not occur within one hour of purging completion, re-measure the five field
parameters: temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen and turbidity,
just prior to collecting the sample. If the measured values are not within 10 percent
of the previous measurements, re-purge the well. The exception is “dry” wells.
d.) Lanyards
1. Securely fasten lanyards, if used, to any downhole equipment (bailers,
pumps, etc.).
2. Use bailer lanyards in such a way that they do not touch the ground
surface.

Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Tubing/Pump Placement
1. If attempting to minimize the volume of purge water, position the intake
hose or pump at the midpoint of the screened or open hole interval.
2. If monitoring well conditions do not allow minimizing of the purge water
volume, position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water
column. This will ensure that all stagnant water in the casing is removed.
3. If the well screen or borehole is partially submerged, and the pump will be
used for both purging and sampling, position the pump midway between
the measured water level and the bottom of the screen. Otherwise,
position the pump or intake hose near the top of the water column.
b.) Non-dedicated (portable) pumps
1. Variable Speed Peristaltic Pump
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Attach a short section of tubing to the discharge side of the
pump and into a graduated container.
• Attach one end of a length of new or precleaned tubing to
the pump head flexible hose.
• Place the tubing as described in one of the options listed
above.
• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
Rev 4-08 22
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that
water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells (see
Appendix C) or if precleaned tubing is used for each well,
only the pump.
2. Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Place the decontaminated suction hose so that water is
always pumped from the top of the water column.
• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Equip the suction hose with a foot valve to prevent purge
water from re-entering the well.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing at the approximate rate of drawdown so that the
water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
3. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Carefully position the decontaminated pump.
Rev 4-08 23
• Change gloves before beginning to purge.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or only
the pump if precleaned tubing is used for each well.
4. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves to position the decontaminated
pump and tubing.
• Attach the tubing and carefully position the pump.
• Change gloves before beginning purging.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• To minimize drawdown, adjust the purging rate so that it is
equivalent to the well recovery rate.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdrawal rate with the
recharge rate.
• If the water table continues to drop during pumping, lower
the tubing or pump at the approximate rate of drawdown so
that water is removed from the top of the water column.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
• Decontaminate the pump and tubing between wells or if
precleaned tubing is used for each well, only the pump.
c.) Dedicated Portable Pumps
1. Variable Speed Electric Submersible Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves.
Rev 4-08 24
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
• Position fuel powered equipment downwind and at least 10
feet from the well head. Make sure that the exhaust faces
downwind.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Measure the depth to groundwater at frequent intervals.
• Record these measurements.
• Adjust the purging rate so that it is equivalent to the well
recovery rate to minimize drawdown.
• If the purging rate exceeds the well recovery rate, reduce
the pumping rate to balance the withdraw with the recharge
rate.
• Record the purging rate each time the rate changes.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record this measurement.
3. Bailers - Using bailers for purging is not recommended unless care is
taken to use proper bailing technique, or if free product is present in the
well or suspected to be in the well.
• Minimize handling the bailer as much as possible.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Remove the bailer from its protective wrapping just before
use.
• Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
• Use the lanyard to move and position the bailer.
• Lower and retrieve the bailer slowly and smoothly.
• Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column.
• When the bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the
water column at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is
reached.
• Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one (1) foot
below the top of the water table so that water is removed
from the top of the water column.
• Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
Rev 4-08 25
• Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the same
rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has cleared to
top of the water column.
• Measure the purge volume.
• Record the volume of the bailer.
• Continue to carefully lower and retrieve the bailer as
described above until the purging is considered complete,
based on either the removal of 3 well volumes.
• Remove at least one (1) well volume before collecting
measurements of the field parameters. Take each
subsequent set of measurements after removing at least one
quarter (1/4) well volume between measurements.
Groundwater Sampling Techniques
a.) Purge wells.
b.) Replace protective covering around the well if it is soiled or torn after completing
purging operations.
c.) Equipment Considerations
1. The following pumps are approved to collect volatile organic samples:
• Stainless steel and Teflon variable speed submersible
pumps
• Stainless steel and Teflon or polyethylene variable speed
bladder pumps
• Permanently installed PVC bodied pumps (As long as the
pump remains in contact with the water in the well at all
times)
2. Collect sample from the sampling device and store in sample container.
Do not use intermediate containers.
3. To avoid contamination or loss of analytes from the sample, handle
sampling equipment as little as possible and minimize equipment exposure
to the sample.
4. To reduce chances of cross-contamination, use dedicated equipment
whenever possible. “Dedicated” is defined as equipment that is to be used
solely for one location for the life of that equipment (e.g., permanently
mounted pump). Purchase dedicated equipment with the most sensitive
analyte of interest in mind.
• Clean or make sure dedicated pumps are clean before
installation. They do not need to be cleaned prior to each
use, but must be cleaned if they are withdrawn for repair or
servicing.
• Clean or make sure any permanently mounted tubing is
clean before installation.
• Change or clean tubing when the pump is withdrawn for
servicing.
• Clean any replaceable or temporary parts.
Rev 4-08 26
• Collect equipment blanks on dedicated pumping systems
when the tubing is cleaned or replaced.
• Clean or make sure dedicated bailers are clean before
placing them into the well.
• Collect an equipment blank on dedicated bailers before
introducing them into the water column.
• Suspend dedicated bailers above the water column if they
are stored in the well.

Sampling Wells Without Plumbing
a.) Sampling with Pumps – The following pumps may be used to sample for organics:
• Peristaltic pumps
• Stainless steel, Teflon or polyethylene bladder pumps
• Variable speed stainless steel and Teflon submersible
pumps
1. Peristaltic Pump
• Volatile Organics: One of three methods may be used.
ƒ Remove the drop tubing from the inlet side
of the pump; submerge the drop tubing into
the water column; prevent the water in the
tubing from flowing back into the well;
remove the drop tubing from the well;
carefully allow the groundwater to drain into
the sample vials; avoid turbulence; do not
aerate the sample; repeat steps until enough
vials are filled. OR
ƒ Use the pump to fill the drop tubing; quickly
remove the tubing from the pump; prevent
the water in the tubing from flowing back
into the well; remove the drop tubing from
the well; carefully allow the groundwater to
drain into the sample vials; avoid
turbulence; do not aerate the sample; repeat
steps until enough vials are filled. OR
ƒ Use the pump to fill the drop tubing;
withdraw the tubing from the well; reverse
the flow on the peristaltic pumps to deliver
the sample into the vials at a slow, steady
rate; repeat steps until enough vials are
filled.
• Extractable Organics: If delivery tubing is not
polyethylene or PP, or is not Teflon lined, use pump and
vacuum trap method. Connect the outflow tubing from the
container to the influent side of the peristaltic pump. Turn
pump on and reduce flow until smooth and even. Discard a
Rev 4-08 27
small portion of the sample to allow for air space. Preserve
(if required), label, and complete field notes.
• Inorganic samples: These samples may be collected from
the effluent tubing. If samples are collected from the
pump, decontaminate all tubing (including the tubing in the
head) or change it between wells. Preserve (if required),
label, and complete field notes.
2. Variable Speed Bladder Pump
• If sampling for organics, the pump body must be
constructed of stainless steel and the valves and bladder
must be Teflon. All tubing must be Teflon, polyethylene,
or PP and any cabling must be sealed in Teflon,
polyethylene or PP, or made of stainless steel.
• After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
• When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible.
3. Variable Speed Submersible Pump
• The housing must be stainless steel.
• If sampling for organics, the internal impellers, seals and
gaskets must be constructed of stainless steel, Teflon,
polyethylene or PP. The delivery tubing must be Teflon,
polyethylene or PP; the electrical cord must be sealed in
Teflon; any cabling must be sealed in Teflon or constructed
of stainless steel.
• After purging to a smooth even flow, reduce the flow rate.
• When sampling for volatile organic compounds, reduce the
flow rate to 100-200mL/minute, if possible.
b.) Sampling with Bailers - A high degree of skill and coordination are necessary to
collect representative samples with a bailer.
1. General Considerations
• Minimize handling of bailer as much as possible.
• Wear sampling gloves.
• Remove bailer from protective wrapping just before use.
• Attach a lanyard of appropriate material.
• Use the lanyard to move and position the bailers.
• Do not allow bailer or lanyard to touch the ground.
• If bailer is certified precleaned, no rinsing is necessary.
• If both a pump and a bailer are to be used to collect
samples, rinse the exterior and interior of the bailer with
sample water from the pump before removing the pump.
• If the purge pump is not appropriate for collecting samples
(e.g., non-inert components), rinse the bailer by collecting a
single bailer of the groundwater to be sampled.
• Discard the water appropriately.
Rev 4-08 28
• Do not rinse the bailer if Oil and Grease samples are to be
collected.
2. Bailing Technique
• Collect all samples that are required to be collected with a
pump before collecting samples with the bailer.
• Raise and lower the bailer gently to minimize stirring up
particulate matter in the well and the water column, which
can increase sample turbidity.
• Lower the bailer carefully into the well to a depth
approximately a foot above the water column. When the
bailer is in position, lower the bailer into the water column
at a rate of 2 cm/sec until the desired depth is reached.
• Do not lower the top of the bailer more than one foot below
the top of the water table, so that water is removed from the
top of the water column.
• Allow time for the bailer to fill with aquifer water as it
descends into the water column.
• Do not allow the bailer to touch the bottom of the well or
particulate matter will be incorporated into the sample.
Carefully raise the bailer. Retrieve the bailer at the
same rate of 2 cm/sec until the bottom of the bailer has
cleared to top of the water column.
• Lower the bailer to approximately the same depth each
time.
• Collect the sample. Install a device to control the flow
from the bottom of the bailer and discard the first few
inches of water. Fill the appropriate sample containers by
allowing the sample to slowly flow down the side of the
container. Discard the last few inches of water in the
bailer.
• Repeat steps for additional samples.
• As a final step measure the DO, pH, temperature, turbidity
and specific conductance after the final sample has been
collected. Record all measurements and note the time
that sampling was completed.
c.) Sampling Low Permeability Aquifers or Wells that have Purged Dry
1. Collect the sample(s) after the well has been purged. Minimize the amount
of water removed from the well by using the same pump to purge and
collect the sample. If the well has purged dry, collect samples as soon as
sufficient sample water is available.
2. Measure the five field parameters temperature, pH, specific conductance,
dissolved oxygen and turbidity at the time of sample collection.
3. Advise the analytical laboratory and the client that the usual amount of
sample for analysis may not be available.

Rev 4-08 29
Appendix D - Collecting Samples from Wells with
Plumbing in Place
In-place plumbing is generally considered permanent equipment routinely used for purposes
other than purging and sampling, such as for water supply.

a.) Air Strippers or Remedial Systems - These types of systems are installed as
remediation devices. Collect influent and effluent samples from air stripping units as
described below.
1. Remove any tubing from the sampling port and flush for one to two
minutes.
2. Remove all hoses, aerators and filters (if possible).
3. Open the spigot and purge sufficient volume to flush the spigot and lines
and until the purging completion criteria have been met.
4. Reduce the flow rate to approximately 500 mL/minute (a 1/8” stream) or
approximately 0.1 gal/minute before collecting samples.
5. Follow procedures for collecting samples from water supply wells as
outlined below.
b.) Water Supply Wells – Water supply wells with in-place plumbing do not require
equipment to be brought to the well to purge and sample. Water supply wells at UST
facilities must be sampled for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile
compounds (SVOCs).
1. Procedures for Sampling Water Supply Wells
• Label sample containers prior to sample collection.
• Prepare the storage and transport containers (ice chest, etc.)
before taking any samples so each collected sample can be
placed in a chilled environment immediately after
collection.
• You must choose the tap closest to the well, preferably at
the wellhead. The tap must be before any holding or
pressurization tank, water softener, ion exchange,
disinfection process or before the water line enters the
residence, office or building. If no tap fits the above
conditions, a new tap that does must be installed.
• The well pump must not be lubricated with oil, as that may
contaminate the samples.
• The sampling tap must be protected from exterior
contamination associated with being too close to a sink
bottom or to the ground. If the tap is too close to the
ground for direct collection into the appropriate container,
it is acceptable to use a smaller (clean) container to transfer
the sample to a larger container.
• Leaking taps that allow water to discharge from around the
valve stem handle and down the outside of the faucet, or
taps in which water tends to run up on the outside of the lip,
are to be avoided as sampling locations.
Rev 4-08 30
• Disconnect any hoses, filters, or aerators attached to the tap
before sampling.
• Do not sample from a tap close to a gas pump. The gas
fumes could contaminate the sample.
2. Collecting Volatile Organic Samples
• Equipment Needed: VOC sample vials [40 milliliters,
glass, may contain 3 to 4 drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
as preservative]; Disposable gloves and protective goggles;
Ice chest/cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic
bags, bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
• Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run water longer (purging
three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is located
directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the holding
tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where you will
take your sample. This will ensure that the water you
collect is “fresh” from the well and not from the holding
tank. After running the water for at least 15 minutes,
reduce the flow of water. The flow should be reduced to a
trickle but not so slow that it begins to drip. A smooth flow
of water will make collection easier and more accurate.
Remove the cap of a VOC vial and hold the vial under the
stream of water to fill it. Be careful not to spill any acid
that is in the vial. For best results use a low flow of water
and angle the vial slightly so that the water runs down the
inside of the vial. This will help keep the sample from
being agitated, aerated or splashed out of the vial. It will
also increase the accuracy of the sample. As the vial fills
and is almost full, turn the vial until it is straight up and
down so the water won’t spill out. Fill the vial until the
water is just about to spill over the lip of the vial. The
surface of the water sample should become mounded. It is
a good idea not to overfill the vial, especially if an acid
preservative is present in the vial. Carefully replace and
screw the cap onto the vial. Some water may overflow as
the cap is put on. After the cap is secure, turn the vial
upside down and gently tap the vial to see if any bubbles
are present. If bubbles are present in the vial, remove the
cap, add more water and check again to see if bubbles are
present. Repeat as necessary. After two samples without
bubbles have been collected, the samples should be labeled
and prepared for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.

Rev 4-08 31
3. Collecting Extractable Organic and/or Metals Samples
• Equipment Needed: SVOC sample bottle [1 liter, amber
glass] and/or Metals sample bottle [0.5 liter, polyethylene
or glass, 5 milliliters of nitric acid (HNO3) preservative];
Disposable gloves and protective goggles; Ice
Chest/Cooler; Ice; Packing materials (sealable plastic bags,
bubble wrap, etc.); and Lab forms.
• Sampling Procedure: Run water from the well for at least
15 minutes. If the well is deep, run the water longer
(purging three well volumes is best). If tap or spigot is
located directly before a holding tank, open a tap after the
holding tank to prevent any backflow into the tap where
you will take your sample. This will ensure that the water
you collect is “fresh” from the well and not from the
holding tank. After running the water for at least 15
minutes, reduce the flow. Low water flow makes
collection easier and more accurate. Remove the cap of a
SVOC or metals bottle and hold it under the stream of
water to fill it. The bottle does not have to be completely
filled (i.e., you can leave an inch or so of headspace in the
bottle). After filling, screw on the cap, label the bottle and
prepare for shipment. Store samples at 4° C.

Rev 4-08 32
Appendix E - Collecting Surface Water Samples
The following topics include 1.) acceptable equipment selection and equipment construction
materials and 2.) standard grab, depth-specific and depth-composited surface water sampling
techniques.

Facilities which contain or border small rivers, streams or branches should include surface water
sampling as part of the monitoring program for each sampling event. A simple procedure for
selecting surface water monitoring sites is to locate a point on a stream where drainage leaves the
site. This provides detection of contamination through, and possibly downstream of, site via
discharge of surface waters. The sampling points selected should be downstream from any waste
areas. An upstream sample should be obtained in order to determine water quality upstream of
the influence of the site.

a.) General Cautions
1. When using watercraft take samples near the bow away and upwind from
any gasoline outboard engine. Orient watercraft so that bow is positioned
in the upstream direction.
2. When wading, collect samples upstream from the body. Avoid disturbing
sediments in the immediate area of sample collection.
3. Collect water samples prior to taking sediment samples when obtaining
both from the same area (site).
4. Unless dictated by permit, program or order, sampling at or near man-
made structures (e.g., dams, weirs or bridges) may not provide
representative data because of unnatural flow patterns.
5. Collect surface water samples from downstream towards upstream.
b.) Equipment and Supplies - Select equipment based on the analytes of interest, specific
use, and availability.
c.) Surface Water Sampling Techniques - Adhere to all general protocols applicable to
aqueous sampling when following the surface water sampling procedures addressed
below.
1. Manual Sampling: Use manual sampling for collecting grab samples for
immediate in-situ field analyses. Use manual sampling in lieu of
automatic equipment over extended periods of time for composite
sampling, especially when it is necessary to observe and/or note unusual
conditions.
• Surface Grab Samples - Do not use sample containers containing
premeasured amounts of preservatives to collect grab samples. If
the sample matrix is homogeneous, then the grab method is a
simple and effective technique for collection purposes. If
homogeneity is not apparent, based on flow or vertical variations
(and should never be assumed), then use other collection protocols.
Where practical, use the actual sample container submitted to the
laboratory for collecting samples to be analyzed for oil and grease,
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and microbiological samples.
This procedure eliminates the possibility of contaminating the
sample with an intermediate collection container. The use of
Rev 4-08 33
unpreserved sample containers as direct grab samplers is
encouraged since the same container can be submitted for
laboratory analysis after appropriate preservation. This procedure
reduces sample handling and eliminates potential contamination
from other sources (e.g., additional sampling equipment,
environment, etc.).
1. Grab directly into sample container.
2. Slowly submerge the container, opening neck first, into the
water.
3. Invert the bottle so the neck is upright and pointing towards
the direction of water flow (if applicable). Allow water to
run slowly into the container until filled.
4. Return the filled container quickly to the surface.
5. Pour out a few mL of sample away from and downstream
of the sampling location. This procedure allows for the
addition of preservatives and sample expansion. Do not
use this step for volatile organics or other analytes where
headspace is not allowed in the sample container.
6. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes. If sample containers are attached to a
pole via a clamp, submerge the container and follow steps 3
– 5 but omit steps 1 and 2.
• Sampling with an Intermediate Vessel or Container: If the sample
cannot be collected directly into the sample container to be
submitted to the laboratory, or if the laboratory provides
prepreserved sample containers, use an unpreserved sample
container or an intermediate vessel (e.g., beakers, buckets or
dippers) to obtain the sample. These vessels must be constructed
appropriately, including any poles or extension arms used to access
the sample location.
1. Rinse the intermediate vessel with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
2. Collect the sample as outlined above using the intermediate
vessel.
3. Use pole mounted containers of appropriate construction to
sample at distances away from shore, boat, etc. Follow the
protocols above to collect samples.
• Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach
polyethylene, Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is
not acceptable for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs.
Extractable organics can be collected through the pump if flexible
interior-wall Teflon, polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump
head or if used with the organic trap setup.
Rev 4-08 34
1. Lower appropriately precleaned tubing to a depth of 6 – 12
inches below water surface, where possible.
2. Pump 3 – 5 tube volumes through the system to acclimate
the tubing before collecting the first sample.
3. Fill individual sample bottles via the discharge tubing. Be
careful not to remove the inlet tubing from the water.
4. Add preservatives, securely cap container, label, and
complete field notes.
• Mid-Depth Grab Samples: Mid-depth samples or samples taken at
a specific depth can approximate the conditions throughout the
entire water column. The equipment that may be used for this type
of sampling consists of the following depth-specific sampling
devices: Kemmerer, Niskin, Van Dorn type, etc. You may also
use pumps with tubing or double check-valve bailers. Certain
construction material details may preclude its use for certain
analytes. Many Kemmerer samplers are constructed of plastic and
rubber that preclude their use for all volatile and extractable
organic sampling. Some newer devices are constructed of stainless
steel or are all Teflon or Teflon-coated. These are acceptable for
all analyte groups without restriction.
1. Measure the water column to determine maximum depth
and sampling depth prior to lowering the sampling device.
2. Mark the line attached to the sampler with depth
increments so that the sampling depth can be accurately
recorded.
3. Lower the sampler slowly to the appropriate sampling
depth, taking care not to disturb the sediments.
4. At the desired depth, send the messenger weight down to
trip the closure mechanism.
5. Retrieve the sampler slowly.
6. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample. Discard rinsate
away from and downstream of the sampling location.
7. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
• Double Check-Valve Bailers: Collect samples using double check-
valve bailers if the data requirements do not necessitate a sample
from a strictly discrete interval of the water column. Bailers with
an upper and lower check-valve can be lowered through the water
column. Water will continually be displaced through the bailer
until the desired depth is reached, at which point the bailer is
retrieved. Sampling with this type of bailer must follow the same
protocols outlined above, except that a messenger weight is not
applicable. Although not designed specifically for this kind of
sampling, a bailer is acceptable when a mid-depth sample is
required
Rev 4-08 35
1. As the bailer is dropped through the water column, water is
displaced through the body of the bailer. The degree of
displacement depends upon the check-valve ball movement
to allow water to flow freely through the bailer body.
2. Slowly lower the bailer to the appropriate depth. Upon
retrieval, the two check valves seat, preventing water from
escaping or entering the bailer.
3. Rinse the sampling device with ample amounts of site
water prior to collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.
• Peristaltic Pump and Tubing: The most portable pump for this
technique is a 12 volt peristaltic pump. Use appropriately
precleaned, silastic tubing in the pump head and attach HDPE,
Tygon, etc. tubing to the pump. This technique is not acceptable
for Oil and Grease, EPH, VPH or VOCs. Extractable organics can
be collected through the pump if flexible interior-wall Teflon,
polyethylene or PP tubing is used in the pump head, or if used with
an organic trap setup.
1. Measure the water column to determine the maximum
depth and the sampling depth.
2. Tubing will need to be tied to a stiff pole or be weighted
down so the tubing placement will be secure. Do not use a
lead weight. Any dense, non-contaminating, non-
interfering material will work (brick, stainless steel weight,
etc.). Tie the weight with a lanyard (braided or
monofilament nylon, etc.) so that it is located below the
inlet of the tubing.
3. Turn the pump on and allow several tubing volumes of
water to be discharged before collecting the first sample.
4. Fill the individual sample bottles via the discharge tube.
Sample bottles must be handled as described above.

Rev 4-08 36
Constituents for Detection Monitoring
(40 CFR 258, Appendix I)
Common name CAS RN
Antimony (Total)
Arsenic (Total)
Barium (Total)
Beryllium (Total)
Cadmium (Total)
Chromium (Total)
Cobalt (Total)
Copper (Total)
Lead (Total)
Nickel (Total)
Selenium (Total)
Silver (Total)
Thallium (Total)
Vanadium (Total)
Zinc (Total)
Acetone 67-64-1
Acrylonitrile 107-13-1
Benzene 71-43-2
Bromochloromethane 74-97-5
Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4
Bromoform; Tribromomethane 75-25-2
Carbon disulfide 75-15-0
Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5
Chlorobenzene 108-90-7
Chloroethane; Ethyl chloride 75-00-3
Chloroform; Trichloromethane 67-66-3
Dibromochloromethane; Chlorodibromomethane 124-48-1
1,2-Dibromo-3-chlorpropane; DBCP 96-12-8
1,2-Dibromoethane; Ethylene dibromide; EDB 106-93-4
o-Dichlorobenzene; 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1
p-Dichlorobenzene; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene 110-57-6
1,1-Dichloroethane; Ethylidene chloride 75-34-3
1,2-Dichloroethane; Ethlyene dichloride 107-06-2
1,1-Dichloroethylene; 1-1-Dichloroethene; Vinylidene
chloride
75-35-4
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene; cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-59-2
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene; trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-60-5
1,2-Dichlorpropane; Propylene dichloride 78-87-5
cis-1,3-Dichlorpropene 10061-01-5
trans-1,3-Dichlorpropene 10061-02-6
Ethylbenzene 100-41-4
2-hexanone; Methyl butyl ketone 591-78-6
Methyl bromide; Bromomethane 74-83-9
Methyl chloride; Chloromethane 74-87-3
Methylene bromide Dibromomethane 74-95-3
Methylene chloride; Dichloromethane 75-09-2
Methyl ethyl ketone; MEK; 2-Butanone 78-93-3
Methyl iodide; Iodomethane 74-88-4
4-Methyl-2-pentanone; Methyl isobutyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1
Styrene 100-42-5
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 630-20-6
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5
Tetrachloroethylene; Tetracholorethene;
Perchloroethylene
127-18-4
Toluene 108-88-3
1,1,1-Trochlorethane; Methylchloroform 71-55-6
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5
Trichloroethylene; Trichlorethene 79-01-6
Trichlorofluoromethane; CFC-11 75-69-4
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 96-18-4
Vinyl acetate 108-05-4
Vinyl chloride 75-01-4
Xylenes 1330-20-7
Common Name CAS RN
Acenaphthene 83-32-9
Acenaphthylene 208-96-8
Acetone 67-64-1
Acetonitrile; Methyl cyanide 75-05-8
Acetophenone 98-86-2
2-Acetylaminofluorene; 2-AAF 53-96-3
Acrolein 107-02-8
Acrylonitrile 107-13-1
Aldrin 309-00-2
Allyl chloride 107-05-1
4-Aminobiphenyl 92-67-1
Anthracene 120-12-7
Antimony (Total)
Arsenic (Total)
Barium (Total)
Benzene 71-43-2
Benzo[a]anthracene; Benzanthracene 56-55-3
Benzo[b]fluoranthene 205-99-2
Benzo[k]fluoranthene 207-08-9
Benzo[ghi]perylene 191-24-2
Benzo[a]pyrene 50-32-8
Benyl alcohol 100-51-5
Beryllium (Total)
alpha-BHC 319-84-6
beta-BHC 319-85-7
delta-BHC 319-86-8
gamma-BHC; Lindane 58-89-9
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane 111-91-1
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether; Dichloroethyl ether 111-44-4
Bis-(2-chlor-1-methyl) ether; 2, 2-Dichloro-
diisopropyl ether; DCIP, See note 6
108-60-1
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 117-81-7
Bromochloromethane; Chlorobromomethane 74-97-5
Bromodichloromethane; Dibromochloromethane 75-27-4
Bromoform; Tribromomethane 75-25-2
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 101-55-3
Butyl benzyl phthalate; Benzyl butyl phthalate 85-68-7
Cadmium (Total)
Carbon disulfide 75-15-0
Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5
Chlordane See NOTE 1
p-Chloroaniline 106-47-8
Chlorobenzene 108-90-7
Chlorobenzilate 510-15-6
p-Chloro-m-cresol; 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 59-50-7
Constituents for Assessment Monitoring
(40 CFR 258, Appendix II)
Chloroethane; Ethyl chloride 75-00-3
Chloroform; Trichloromethane 67-66-3
2-Chloronaphthalene 91-58-7
2-Chlorophenol 95-57-8
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether 7005-72-3
Chloroprene 126-99-8
Chromium (Total)
Chrysene 218-01-9
Cobalt 218-01-9
Copper (Total)
m-Cresol; 3-methylphenol 108-39-4
o-Cresol; 2-methlphenol 95-48-7
p-Cresol; 4-methylphenol 106-44-5
Cyanide 57-12-5
2,4-D; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 94-75-7
4,4-DDD 72-54-8
4,4-DDE 72-55-9
4,4-DDT 50-29-3
Diallate 2303-16-4
aDibenz[a,h]anthracene 53-70-3
Dibenzofuran 132-64-9
Dibromochloromethane; Chlorodibromomethane 124-48-1
1,2-Dibromo-30chloropropane; DBCP 96-12-8
1,2-Dibromoethane; Ethylene dibromide; EDB 106-93-4
Di-n-butyl phthalate 84-74-2
o-Dichlorobenzene; 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1
m-Dichlorobenzene; 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1
p-Dichlorobenzene; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7
3,3-Dichlorobenzidine 91-94-1
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene 110-57-6
Dichlorodifluoromethane; CFC 12; 75-71-8
1,1-Dichloroethane chloride 75-34-3
1,2-Dichloroethane; Ethylene dichloride 107-06-2
1,1-Dichloroethylene; 1,1-Dichloroethane;
Vinylidene
75-35-4
chloride (Total)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene; cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-59-2
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-60-5
2,4-Dichlorophenol 120-83-2
2,6-Dichlorophenol 87-65-0
1,2-Dichloropropane; Propylene dichloride 78-87-5
1,3-Dichloropropane; Trimethylene dichloride 142-28-9
2,2-Dichloropropane; Isopropylidene chloride 594-20-7
1,1-Dichloropropene 563-58-6
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-01-5
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-02-6
Dieldrin 60-57-1
Diethyl phthalate 84-66-2
0,0-Diethyl 0-2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate;
thionazin
297-97-2
Dimethoate 60-51-5
p-(Dimethylamino)azobenzene 60-11-7
7,12-Dimethylbenxz[a]anthracene 57-97-6
3,3-Dimethylbenzidine 119-93-7
2,4-Dimethlphenol; m-Xylenol 105-67-9
Dimethyl phthalate 131-11-3
m-Dinitrobenzene 99-65-0
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol 534-52-1
2,4-Dinitrophenol 51-28-5
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 121-14-2
2,6-Dinitrotoluene 606-20-2
Dinoseb; DNBP; 2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol 88-85-7
Di-n-octyl phthalate 117-84-0
Diphenylamine 122-39-4
Disulfoton 298-04-4
Endosulfan I 959-98-8
Endosulfan II 33213-65-9
Endodulfan sulfate 1031-07-8
Endrin 72-20-8
Endrin aldehyde 7421-93-4
Ethylbenzene 100-41-4
Ethyl methacrylate 97-63-2
Ethyl methanesulfonate 62-50-0
Famphur 52-85-7
Fluoranthene 206-44-0
Fluorene 86-73-7
Heptachlor 76-44-8
Heptachlor epoxide 1024-57-3
Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1
Hexachlorobutadiene 87-68-3
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 77-47-4
Hexachloroethane 67-72-1
Hexachloropropene 188-71-7
2-Hexanone; Methyl butyl ketone 591-78-6
Indenol(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 193-39-5
Isopbutyl alcohol 78-83-1
Isodrin 465-73-6
Isophorone 78-59-1
Isosafrole 120-58-1
Kepone 143-50-0
Lead (Total)
Mercury (Total)
Methacrylonitrile 126-98-7
Methapyrilene 91-80-5
Methoxychlor 72-43-5
Methyl bromide; Bromomethane 74-83-9
Methyl chloride; Chloromethane 74-87-3
3-Methylcholanthrene 56-49-5
Methyl ethyl ketone; MEK; 2-Butanone 78-93-3
Methyl iodide; lodomethane 74-88-4
Methyl methacrylate 80-62-6
Methyl methanesulfonate 66-27-3
2-Methylnaphthalene 91-57-6
Methyl parathion; Parathion methyl 298-00-0
4-Methyl-2-pentanone; Methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1
Methylene bromide; Dibromomethane 74-95-3
Methylene chloride; Dichloromethane 75-09-2
Naphthalene 91-20-3
1,4-Naphthoquinone 130-15-4
1-Naphthylamine 134-32-7
2-Naphthylamine 91-59-8
Nickel (Total)
o-Nitroaniline; 2-Nitroaniline 88-74-4
m-Nitroaniline; 3-Nitroanile 99-09-2
p-Nitroaniline; 4-Nitroaniline 100-01-6
Nitrobenzene 98-95-3
o-Nitrophenol; 2-Nitrophenol 88-75-5
p-Nitrophenol; 4-Nitrophenol 100-02-7
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 924-16-3
N-Nitrosodiethylamine 55-18-5
N-Nitrosodimethylamine 62-75-9
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine, N-Nitroso-N-Di-n-
propylnitrosamine
86-30-6
N-Nitrosodipropylamine; dipropylamine; 621-64-7
N-Nitrosomethylethalamine 10595-95-6
N-Nitrosopiperidine 100-75-4
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine 930-55-2
5-Nitro-o-toluidine 99-55-8
Parathion 56-38-2
Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5
Pentachloronitrobenzene 82-68-8
Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5
Phenacetin 62-44-2
Phenanthrene 85-01-8
Phenol 108-95-2
p-Phenylenediamine 106-50-3
Phorate 298-02-2
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Aroclors see NOTE 2
Pronamide 23950-58-5
Propionitrile; Ethyl cyanide 107-12-0
Pyrene 129-00-0
Safrole 94-59-7
Selenium (Total)
Silver (Total)
Silvex; 2,4,5-TP 93-72-1
Styrene 100-42-5
Sulfide 18496-25-8
2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 93-76-5
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 95-94-3
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 630-20-6
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5
Tetrachloroethylene; Tetrachloroethene;
Perchloroethylene
127-18-4
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol 58-90-2
Thallium (Total)
Tin (Total)
Toluene 108-88-3
o-Toluidine 95-53-4
Toxaphene See NOTE 3
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1
1,1,1-Trichloroethane; Methylchloroform 71-55-6
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5
Trichloroethylene; Trichloroethene 79-01-6
Trichlorrofluoromethane; CFC-11 75-69-4
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 95-95-4
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 88-06-2
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 96-18-4
0,0,0-Triethyl phosphorothioate 126-68-1
sym-Trinitrobenzene 99-35-4
Vanadium (Total)
Vinyl acetate 108-05-4
Vinyl chloride; Chloroethene 75-01-4
Xylene (total) See NOTE 4
Zinc (Total)
1. Chlordane: This entry includes alpha-chlordane (CAS RN 5103-71-9), beta-chlordane
(CAS RN 5103-74-2), gamma-chlordane (CAS RN 5566-34-7), and constituents of chlordane
(CAS RN 57-74-9 and CAS RN 12789-03-6)
2. Polychlorinated biphenyls (CAS RN 1336-36-3); this category contains congener chemicals, including
constituents of Aroclor-1016 (CAS RN 12674-11-2), Aroclor-1221 (CAS RN 11104-28-2),
Aroclor-1232 (CAS RN 11141-16-5), Aroclor-1242 (CAS RN 53469-21-9), Aroclor-1248
(CAS RN 12672-29-6), Aroclor-1254 (CAS RN 11097-69-1), and Aroclor-1260
(CAS RN 11096-82-5)
3. Toxaphene: This entry includes congener chemicals contained in technical toxaphene
(CAS RN 8001-35-2), ie, chlorinated camphene
4. Xylene (total): This entry includes o-xylene (CAS RN 96-47-6), m- xylene (CAS RN 108-38-3),
p-xylene (CAS RN 106-42-3), and unspecified xylenes (dimethylbenzenes) (CAS RN 1330-20-7)

ATTACHMENT D NCDEQ SOLID WASTE SECTION MONITORING REPORT MEMOS AND FORMS
DENR USE ONLY: Paper Report Electronic Data - Email CD (data loaded: Yes / No )
NC DENR
Doc/Event #:
Environmental Monitoring

Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste Reporting Form

Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).

Instructions:
• Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
• Please type or print legibly.
• Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed NC 2L groundwater standards or NC 2B surface water standards. The notification
must include a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of each value. (e.g. naturally occurring, off-site source, pre-existing
condition, etc.).
• Attach a notification table of any groundwater or surface water values that equal or exceed the reporting limits.
• Attach a notification table of any methane gas values that attain or exceed explosive gas levels. This includes any structures on or nearby the
facility (NCAC 13B .1629 (4)(a)(i).
• Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDENR-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.

Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information
Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):

Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Phone:

E-mail:

Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit #
NC Landfill Rule:
(.0500 or .1600)
Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
October 20-24, 2006)

Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
Initial/Background Monitoring Detection Monitoring Assessment Monitoring Corrective Action

Type of data submitted: (Check all that apply)

Notification attached?
No. No groundwater or surface water standards were exceeded.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding a groundwater or surface water standard is attached. It includes a list of groundwater and surface water
monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC 2B surface water standard or NC Solid Waste GWPS and
preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of any concentration.
Yes, a notification of values exceeding an explosive methane gas limit is attached. It includes the methane monitoring points, dates, sample
values and explosive methane gas limits.

Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.

Facility Representative Name (Print) Title (Area Code) Telephone Number
Affix NC Licensed/ Professional Geologist Seal

Signature Date

Facility Representative Address

NC PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)

Revised 6/2009
Groundwater monitoring data from monitoring wells
Groundwater monitoring data from private water supply wells
Leachate monitoring data
Surface water monitoring data
Methane gas monitoring data
Corrective action data (specify)
Other(specify)

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1

North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources

October 16, 2007
EMORANDUM
Dexter R. Matthews, Director Division of Wa e Management st Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
M
To: Operators, North Carolina Certified
Laboratories, and Consultants
rom: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Re: ring Data for North Carolina Solid Waste Management Facilities
and provide a reminder of formats for environmental monitoring data
bmittals.
ese changes was to improve the protection of public health and the nvironment.
reported to the North Carolina Solid Waste Section. The PQLs will no nger be used.
ted can be directed to the North Carolina Department of Health nd Human Services.
Solid Waste Directors, Landfill
F Environmental Monito
The purpose of this memorandum is to provide a reiteration of the use of the Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSLs), provide new information on the Groundwater Protection Standards,
su
The updated guidelines are in large part due to questions and concerns from laboratories, consultants, and the regulated community regarding the detection of constituents in groundwater at levels below the previous Practical Quantitation Limits (PQLs). The
North Carolina Solid Waste Section solicited feedback from the regulated community, and, in conjunction with the regulated community, developed new limits. The primary purpose of the
Data must be reported to the laboratory specific method detection limits and must be quantifiable at or below the SWSLs. The SWSLs must be used for both groundwater and surface water datalo
In June 2007, we received new information regarding changes to the Groundwater Protection Standards. If a North Carolina 2L Groundwater Standard does not exist, then a designated Groundwater Protection Standard is used pursuant to 15A NCAC 13B .1634. Toxicologists with the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services calculated these new Groundwater Protection Standards. Questions regarding how the
standards were calculaa

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2
every year or sooner if new scientific and toxicological data become available. lease review our website periodically for any changes to the 2L NC Standards, ic updates will be noted on our ebsite.
wastenotnc.org/sw/swenvmonitoringlist.asp
We have reviewed the new results from the North Carolina Department of Public Health and have updated our webpage accordingly. The list of Groundwater Protection
Standards, North Carolina 2L Standards and SWSLs are subject to change and will be
reviewedPGroundwater Protection Standards, or SWSLs. Specifw

http://www. ental monitoring data

In addition, the following should be included with environmsubmittals:
1. Environmental Monitoring Data Form as a cover sheet:
http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/EnvMonitoring/NCEnvMonRptForm.pdf 2. Copy of original laboratory results. 3. Table of detections and discussion of 2L exceedances. 4. Electronic files on CD or sent by email. These files should include the written report as
Portable Document Format (PDF) file and the laboratory data as an excel file following a
the format of the updated Electronic Data Deliverable (EDD) template on our website: http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Donald Herndon (919-
08-8502), Ervin Lane (919-508-8520) or Jaclynne Drummond (919-508-8500).
Thank you for your continued cooperation with these matters.
5

North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter R. Matthews, Director Division of Waste Management Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
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An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer – Printed on Dual Purpose Recycled Paper
October 27, 2006
To: SW Director/County Manager/Consultant/Laboratory From: NC DENR-DWM, Solid Waste Section

Re: New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Monitoring Data The Solid Waste Section receives and reviews a wide variety of environmental monitoring data from permitted solid waste management facilities, including the results from groundwater and surface water analyses, leachate
samples, methane gas readings, potentiometric measurements, and corrective action data. We are in the process
of developing a database to capture the large volume of data submitted by facilities. To maintain the integrity of the database, it is critical that facilities, consultants, and laboratories work with the Solid Waste Section to ensure that environmental samples are collected and analyzed properly with the resulting
data transferred to the Solid Waste Section in an accurate manner.
In order to better serve the public and to expedite our review process, the Solid Waste Section is requesting specific formatting for environmental monitoring data submittals for all solid waste management facilities.
Effective, December 1, 2006, please submit a Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form in addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This form will be sent in lieu of your current cover letter to the Solid Waste Section. The Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form must be filled out completely, signed, and stamped with a Board Certified North Carolina Geologist License Seal.
The solid waste environmental monitoring data form will include the following:
1. Contact Information 2. Facility Name 3. Facility Permit Number 4. Facility Address
5. Monitoring Event Date (MM/DD/YYYY)
6. Water Quality Status: Monitoring, Detection Monitoring, or Assessment Monitoring 7. Type of Data Submitted: Groundwater Monitoring Wells, Groundwater Potable Wells, Leachate, Methane Gas, or Corrective Action Data 8. Notification of Exceedance of Groundwater, Surface Water, or Methane Gas (in table form)
9. Signature
10. North Carolina Geologist Seal
Page 2 of 2

Most of these criteria are already being included or can be added with little effort. The Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Data Form can be downloaded from our website: http://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp.

The Solid Waste Section is also requesting a new format for monitoring wells, potable wells, surface water sampling locations, and methane probes. This format is essential in the development and maintenance of the database. The Solid Waste Section is requesting that each sampling location at all North Carolina solid waste management facilities have its own unique identification number. We are simply asking for the permit number
to be placed directly in front of the sampling location number (example: 9901-MW1 = Permit Number 99-01
and Monitoring Well MW-1). No changes will need to be made to the well tags, etc. This unique identification system will enable us to accurately report data not only to NCDENR, but to the public as well. We understand that this new identification system will take some time to implement, but we feel that this will be beneficial to everyone involved in the long term.
Additionally, effective December 1, 2006, the Practical Quantitation Limits (PQLs) established in 1994 will change. The Solid Waste Section is requiring that all solid waste management facilities use the new Solid Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) for all groundwater analyses by a North Carolina Certified Laboratory. Laboratories must also report any detection of a constituent even it is detected below the new SWRL (e.g., J
values where the constituent was detected above the detection limit, but below the quantitation limit).
PQLs are technology-based analytical levels that are considered achievable using the referenced analytical method. The PQL is considered the lowest concentration of a contaminant that the lab can accurately detect and quantify. PQLs provided consistency and available numbers that were achievable by the given analytical
method. However, PQLs are not health-based, and analytical instruments have improved over the years
resulting in lower achievable PQLs for many of the constituents. As a result, the Solid Waste Section has established the SWRLs as the new reporting limits eliminating the use of the PQLs. We would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic submittal of the reports. This option is
intended to save resources for both the public and private sectors. The Solid Waste Section will accept the
entire report including narrative text, figures, tables, and maps on CD-ROM. The CD-ROM submittal shall contain a CD-ROM case and both CD-ROM and the case shall be labeled with the site name, site address, permit number, and the monitoring event date (MM/DD/YYYY). The files may be a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls, or .doc type. Also, analytical lab data should be reported in an .xls file. We have a template for analytical lab data
available on the web at the address listed above.
If you have any questions or concerns, please call [phone]. Thank you for your anticipated cooperation in this matter.

1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
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1

North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Dexter R. Matthews, Director Division of Waste Management Michael F. Easley, Governor William G. Ross Jr., Secretary February 23, 2007
EMORANDUM M
o: Solid Waste Directors, Landfill Operators, North Carolina Certified Laboratories, and Consultants
rom: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Re: ste Section Memorandum Regarding New
Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data.
arolina Solid Waste Section memo titled, “New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of Environmental Data.”
adily available laboratory analytical methodology and current health-based groundwater protection standards.
efinitions

T
F Addendum to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid Wa
The purpose of this addendum memorandum is to provide further clarification to the October 27, 2006, NorthC
The updated guidelines is in large part due to questions and concerns from laboratories, consultants, and the
regulated community regarding the detection of constituents in groundwater at levels below the previous practical quantitation limits (PQLs). The North Carolina Solid Waste Section solicited feedback from the regulated community, and, in conjunction with the regulated community, developed new limits. The primary purpose of these changes was to improve the protection of public health and the environment. The North
Carolina Solid Waste Section is concerned about analytical data at these low levels because the earliest possible
detection of toxic or potentially carcinogenic chemicals in the environment is paramount in the North Carolina Solid Waste Section’s mission to protect human health and the environment. Low level analytical data are critical for making the correct choices when designing site remediation strategies, alerting the public to health threats, and protecting the environment from toxic contaminants. The revised limits were updated based on
re
D
s are also an attempt to clarify the meaning of these rms as used by the North Carolina Solid Waste Section.
e that can be measured and
ported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero.
is the minimum concentration of a target analyte that can be accurately determined by the referenced method.
Many definitions relating to detection limits and quantitation limits are used in the literature and by government
agencies, and commonly accepted procedures for calculating these limits exist. Except for the Solid Waste
Section Limit and the North Carolina 2L Standards, the definitions listed below are referenced from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The definitionte
Method Detection Limit (MDL) is the minimum concentration of a substanc
re Method Reporting Limit or Method Quantitation Limit (MRL or MQL)
Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) is a quantitation limit that represents a practical and routinely achievable quantitation limit with a high degree of certainty (>99.9% confidence) in the results. Per EPA Publication Number SW-846, the PQL is the lowest concentration that can be reliably measured within specified limits of precision and accuracy for a specific laboratory analytical method during routine laboratory operating
conditions in accordance with "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods. The
PQL appears in

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older NCDENR literature; however, it is no longer being used by the North Carolina Solid aste Section.
n. The nomenclature of the SWRL described in the October
7, 2006, memorandum has changed to the SWSL.
C 2L .0200, Classifications and Water Quality Standards Applicable to the
roundwaters of North Carolina.
ethod Detection Limits (MDLs)
W Solid Waste Section Limit (SWSL) is the lowest amount of analyte in a sample that can be quantitatively determined with suitable precision and accuracy. The SWSL is the concentration below which reported analytical results must be qualified as estimated. The SWSL is the updated version of the PQL that appears in
older North Carolina Solid Waste Section literature. The SWSL is the limit established by the laboratory survey
conducted by the North Carolina Solid Waste Sectio
2 North Carolina 2L Standards (2L) are water quality standards for the protection of groundwaters of North
Carolina as specified in 15A NCA
G M
he North Carolina Solid Waste Section is now quiring laboratories to report to the method detection limit.
atories generally report the highest method detection limit for all the instruments sed for a specific method.
ata below unspecified or non-statistical reporting limits severely biases data sets and restricts their usefulness.
olid Waste Section Limits (SWSLs)

Clarification of detection limits referenced in the October 27, 2006, memorandum needed to be addressed
because of concerns raised by the regulated community. Tre Method detection limits are statistically determined values that define the concentration at which measurements
of a substance by a specific analytical protocol can be distinguished from measurements of a blank (background
noise). Method detection limits are matrix-specific and require a well defined analytical method. In the course of routine operations, laboru
In many instances, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section gathers data from many sources prior to evaluating
the data or making a compliance decision. Standardization in data reporting significantly enhances the ability to interpret and review data because the reporting formats are comparable. Reporting a method detection limit alerts data users of the known uncertainties and limitations associated with using the data. Data users must understand these limitations in order to minimize the risk of making poor environmental decisions. Censoring
d
S
nd surface water data reported to the North Carolina Solid Waste ection. The PQLs will no longer be used.

Due to comments from the regulated community, the North Carolina Solid Waste Section has changed the
nomenclature of the new limits referenced on Page 2 of the October 27, 2006, memorandum, from the North
Carolina Solid Waste Reporting Limits (SWRL) to the Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSL). Data must be reported to the laboratory specific method detection limits and must be quantifiable at or below the SWSL. The SWSLs must be used for both groundwater aS
The North Carolina Solid Waste Section has considered further feedback from laboratories and the regulated community and ha

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s made some additional changes to the values of the SWSLs. These changes may be viewed
ttp://www.wastenotnc.org/sw/swenvmonitoringlist.asp
nalytical Data Reporting Requirements
on our webpage: h

A
al boratory method detection limit with all analytical laboratory results along with the following requirements:
oncentration, compliance action may not be taken unless it is statistically significant crease over background.
hese analytical results may require additional confirmation.
he possibility that a constituent concentration may exceed the North Carolina 2L Standards in the
ture.
hese analytical results may be used for compliance without further confirmation.
will be returned and deemed unacceptable. Submittal of unacceptable data may lead to

lectronic Data Deliverable (EDD) Submittal
The strategy for implementing the new analytical data reporting requirements involves reporting the actula

1) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the MDL but less than the SWSL is known to be present, but the uncertainty in the value is higher than a value reported above the SWSL. As a result, the actual concentration is estimated. The estimated concentration is reported along with a qualifier (“J” flag) to alert data users that the result is between the MDL and the SWSL. Any analytical data below quantifiable levels should
be examined closely to evaluate whether the analytical data should be included in any statistical analysis. A
statistician should make this determination. If an analyte is detected below the North Carolina 2L Standards, even if it is a quantifiable cin
T
2) Any analyte detected at a concentration greater than the SWSL is present, and the quantitated value can be reported with a high degree of confidence. These analytes are reported without estimated qualification. The laboratory’s MDL and SWSL must be included in the analytical laboratory report. Any reported concentration
of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the North Carolina 2L Standards will be used for compliance
purposes, unless the inorganic constituent is not statistically significant). Exceedance of the North Carolina 2L Standards or a statistically significant increase over background concentrations define when a violation has occurred. Any reported concentration of an organic or inorganic constituent at or above the SWSL that is not above an North Carolina 2L Standard will be used as a tool to assess the integrity of the landfill system and
predict t
fu
T

Failure to comply with the requirements described in the October 27, 2006, memorandum and this addendum to
the October 27, 2006, memorandum will constitute a violation of 15A NCAC 13B .0601, .0602, or .1632(b), and the analytical dataenforcement action.
E
he analytical laboratory data. This option is intended to save resources r both the public and private sectors.
The North Carolina Solid Waste Section would also like to take this opportunity to encourage electronic submittal of the reports in addition to tfo

The North Carolina Solid Waste Section will accept the entire report including narrative text, figures, tables, and maps on CD-ROM. Please separate the figures and tables from the report when saving in order to keep the
size of the files smaller. The CD-ROM submittal shall contain a CD-ROM case and both CD

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-ROM and the ase shall be labeled with the site name, site address, permit number, and the monitoring event date
ab data and field data. This template is available on our webpage: ttp://www.wastenotnc.org/swhome/enviro_monitoring.asp. Methane monitoring data may also be submitted
ry or exceeds 25% of the LEL
facility structures (excluding gas control or recovery system components), include the exceedance(s) on the
you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Jaclynne Drummond (919-508-8500) or Ervin
Thank you for your continued cooperation with this matter.
c(MM/DD/YYYY). The reporting files may be submitted as a .pdf, .txt, .csv, .xls,. or .doc type.
Also, analytical lab data and field data should be reported in .xls files. The North Carolina Solid Waste Section
has a template for analytical lhelectronically in this format.
Pursuant to the October 27, 2006, memorandum, please remember to submit a Solid Waste Section
Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form in addition to your environmental monitoring data report. This form should be sealed by a geologist or engineer licensed in North Carolina if hydrogeologic or geologic calculations, maps, or interpretations are included with the report. Otherwise, any representative that the facility owner chooses may sign and submit the form. Also, if the concentration of methane generated by the
facility exceeds 100% of the lower explosive limits (LEL) at the property bounda
inNorth Carolina Solid Waste Section Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form. If
Lane (919-508-8520).

NC DEQ
Division of Waste Management - Solid Waste
14- Day Notification of Groundwater
Protection Standard Exceedance(s)
per rule: 15A NCAC 13B .1633(c)(1)
Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these documents are
available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).

Instructions:
• Prepare one form for each individually monitored unit.
• Please type or print legibly.
• Attach a notification table with values that attain or exceed applicable groundwater protection standards.
• Send the original signed and sealed form, any tables, and Electronic Data Deliverable to: Compliance Unit, NCDEQ-DWM, Solid Waste
Section, 1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1646.

Solid Waste Monitoring Data Submittal Information

Name of entity submitting data (laboratory, consultant, facility owner):

Contact for questions about data formatting. Include data preparer's name, telephone number and E-mail address:
Name: Phone:

E-mail:

Facility name: Facility Address: Facility Permit #
Actual sampling dates (e.g.,
October 20-24, 2006)

Environmental Status: (Check all that apply)
Initial/Background Monitoring Detection Monitoring Assessment Monitoring Corrective Action

Additional Information:
A notification of values exceeding a groundwater protection standard as defined in 15A NCAC 13B .1634(g)(h) is attached. It includes a list of
groundwater monitoring points, dates, analytical values, NC 2L groundwater standard, NC Solid Waste GWPS and preliminary analysis of the
cause and significance of any concentration.
A re-sampling event was conducted to confirm the exceedances.
Alternate Source Demonstration(s) have been approved for the following constituents with report date:

Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true and correct.
Furthermore, I have attached complete notification of any sampling values meeting or exceeding groundwater standards or explosive gas
levels, and a preliminary analysis of the cause and significance of concentrations exceeding groundwater standards. I am aware that there
are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.

Facility Representative Name (Print) Title (Area Code) Telephone Number
Affix NC Licensed/Professional Geologist or Professional
Engineer Seal
Signature Date

Facility Representative Address

NC PG/PE Firm License Number (if applicable effective May 1, 2009)

Revised 6/2016

March 23, 2017

MEMORANDUM

To: Solid Waste Directors, Public Works Directors, Landfill Operators, and Landfill Owners

From: Solid Waste Section

Re: Permanent and Temporary Groundwater and Landfill Gas Monitoring Wells, Piezometers, and
Probes

Based on field observations by Solid Waste Section staff, we continue to observe routine maintenance
issues of monitoring wells at both active and closed landfills. Examples of these issues include:

Sediment accumulation around the base of the steel outer casing which restricts visual inspection
of the concrete pad,

Improper monitor well identification,

Unsecured outer steel casings and/or well caps, and

No outer steel casings and/or well caps.

The Solid Waste Section is continuing its efforts to improve consistency throughout the State and is
therefore issuing this Memorandum as a reminder of the requirements of 15A NCAC 2C.

The purpose of rule set 15A NCAC 2C Well Construction Standards is to be consistent with the duty to
safeguard public welfare, safety, and health, and to protect and beneficially develop the groundwater
resources of the state by requiring that the location, construction, repair and abandonment of wells, and
the installation of pumps and pumping equipment conform to reasonable standards and requirements as
may be necessary to protect public welfare, safety, health, and groundwater resources.

The requirements in 15A NCAC 02C .0108 – Standards of Construction: Wells Other Than Water Supply are
applicable to permanent and temporary groundwater and landfill gas monitoring wells, piezometers, and
probes.

15A NCAC 02C .0108(g) The well shall be constructed in such a manner that water or contaminants
from the land surface cannot migrate along the borehole annulus into any packing material or
well screen area.

15A NCAC 02C .0108(k) All non-water supply wells, including temporary wells, shall be secured
with a locking well cap to ensure against unauthorized access and use.

15A NCAC 02C .0108(l) All non-water supply wells shall be equipped with a steel outer well casing
or flush-mount cover, set in concrete, and other measures sufficient to protect the well from
damage by normal site activities.

15A NCAC 02C .0108(o) Each non-water supply well shall have permanently affixed an
identification plate. The identification plate shall be constructed of a durable, waterproof,
rustproof metal or other material approved by the Department as equivalent and shall contain
the following information:
(1) well contractor name and certification number;
(2) date well completed;
(3) total depth of well;
(4) a warning that the well is not for water supply and that the groundwater may
contain hazardous materials;
(5) depth(s) to the top(s) and bottom(s) of the screen(s); and
(6) the well identification number or name assigned by the well owner.

15A NCAC 02C .0108(s) Temporary wells and all other non-water supply wells shall be constructed
in such a manner as to preclude the vertical migration of contaminants within and along the
borehole channel.

Landfill facility staff should be aware of the above requirements and demonstrate that monitoring wells
are being maintained to those requirements during facility inspections. Please take this time to review
your monitoring network for compliance with the 2C Standards. Future violations of the above
requirements may result in tiered enforcement action by the Section.

If you have any questions or concerns regarding this Memorandum, please feel free to contact the Solid
Waste Section Hydrogeologist overseeing your facility. The Solid Waste Section greatly appreciates your
assistance on this matter. Working together, we can continue to provide excellent customer service to
you and to the public.

Jackie Drummond, Asheville Regional Office, 828-296-4706, [e-mail]
Ervin Lane, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8288, [e-mail]
Elizabeth Werner, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8253, [e-mail]
Christine Ritter, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8254, [e-mail]
Perry Sugg, Raleigh Central Office, 919-707-8258, [e-mail]

North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Dexter Matthews, Director Division of Waste Management Beverly Eaves Perdue, Governor
Dee Freeman, Secretary
1646 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone] \ FAX: [phone] \ Internet: www.wastenotnc.org

An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer - 50 % Recycled \ 10 % Post Consumer Paper
June 25, 2010

MEMORANDUM

To: Solid Waste Directors, Landfill Owners/Operators, and North Carolina Certified
Laboratories

From: North Carolina Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section

Re: Tetrahydrofuran Analysis at Construction and Demolition Landfills

Based upon historical sampling results, health and environmental concerns, and an ongoing EPA
evaluation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), the Solid Waste Section (Section) is requiring, in
accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .0601, that Construction and Demolition Landfills (CDLFs)
begin analyzing ground and surface water samples collected after January 1, 2011 for THF. The
purpose of this memorandum is to inform CDLF owners and operators and laboratories that are
involved in the collection or analysis of environmental samples of this requirement.

Although the North Carolina Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch previously
established a health based standard for THF, there are currently no established Maximum
Contaminant Levels or 15A NCAC 02L .0202 Standards due to the lack of historical
toxicological data necessary to promulgate regulatory standards. However, THF analysis is
currently required at CDLFs located in several states throughout the U.S. and has been shown to
be a constituent of concern in groundwater at CDLFs for several years. In addition, THF has
been documented as a contaminant associated with CDLF leachate.

Due to the potential health hazards associated with THF and its documented presence at CDLFs,
the Section has determined that CDLFs should begin analyzing ground and surface water
samples for THF to ensure protection of human health and the environment. Although
regulatory standards have not yet been established for THF, its presence in groundwater must be
determined in order to accurately assess the risks at each CDLF and determine if regulatory
standards need to be established. The Section will reevaluate monitoring requirements for THF
in the future after enough data has been collected to determine the extent of THF at C&D
facilities.

Laboratories are advised to contact the Division of Water Quality-Laboratory Section-
Certification Branch prior to initiating THF analysis using Method 8260.

If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact Jaclynne Drummond (919-508-
8500) or Ervin Lane (919-508-8516). Thank you for your continued cooperation with this
matter.