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9401_DomtarIndusLF_BkgrdMonWrkplan_DIN28484_20170918
Daniel A. Curry, P.E. Senior Client Executive Michelle Hays, P.G. Remediation Engineer TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan © 2011 RMT, Inc. All Rights Reserved Final \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX 30 PATEWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 300, GREENVILLE, SC 29615, ● 864.281.0030 PHONE ● 864.281.0288 FAX ● WWW.TRCSOLUTIONS.COM Interim Bi-monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan Domtar Paper Company, LLC Plymouth Mill Landfill No. 2 and 3 Plymouth, North Carolina September 2017 TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan i \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 Section 2 Interim Groundwater Monitoring Program .......................................................................... 2 2.1 Temporary Sampling Frequency ........................................................................................ 2 2.2 Analytical Parameters ........................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Sampling and Analysis Plan ................................................................................................ 3 2.3.1 Monitoring Well Inspection .................................................................................... 5 2.3.2 Field Notes ................................................................................................................ 6 2.3.3 Water Level and Well Depth Measurements ....................................................... 6 2.3.4 Well Purging ............................................................................................................. 7 2.3.5 Field Parameter Stabilization During Purging .................................................... 9 2.3.6 Unfiltered Samples ................................................................................................... 9 2.3.7 Decontamination Procedures ............................................................................... 10 2.3.8 Waste Management Practices ............................................................................... 11 2.3.9 Sample Preservation and Shipment .................................................................... 11 2.3.10 Chain‐of‐Custody Control .................................................................................... 12 2.3.11 Quality Assurance and Quality Control ............................................................. 13 2.3.12 Field Analytical Techniques ................................................................................. 15 2.4 Reporting .............................................................................................................................. 16 List of Tables Table 1 Analytical Requirements ......................................................................................... 3 List of Figures Figure 2‐1 Monitoring Well Locations Around Landfill No. 2 and Landfill No. 3 ......... 17 TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 1 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 Section 1 Introduction The Domtar Mill (Domtar) located in Plymouth, North Carolina is an integrated kraft process pulp and paper mill. Solid wastes generated by the facility operations were disposed of in a state‐permitted, on‐site, closed landfill (Landfill No. 2) and an active state‐permitted, on‐site lined landfill (Landfill No. 3; Permit No. 9401 INDUS‐2008, DIN 26550). Landfill Nos. 2 and 3 are adjacent to each other and are surrounded by a network of two background monitoring wells and 12 compliance monitoring wells. Analytical results of groundwater monitoring for selected metals and water quality parameters have been submitted since 2000. In a letter dated August 8, 2016 titled Appendix I Inorganic Constituent Exceedances, the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Waste Management Division (Division) noted that inorganic constituent concentrations exceeding the 15A NCAC 02L.0202 Standards (2L Standards) were reported during previous sampling events. The Division instructed Domtar to either implement an assessment monitoring program or prepare and submit an alternate source demonstration. Submitted on behalf of Domtar, the Monitoring Well Rehabilitation and Monitoring Report (TRC, December 2016), demonstrated that elevated concentrations of inorganic constituents detected in previous sampling events were likely attributed to suspended sediment in the groundwater samples. Following monitoring well redevelopment groundwater inorganic constituents of concern were either below the respective 2L Standards or were also present in the background monitoring wells. Prior to well redevelopment, inorganic constituent concentrations remained relatively consistent following the baseline sampling event or were present in the background monitoring wells. In a letter dated July 7, 2017 titled Appendix I Inorganic Constituent Exceedances, the Division concurred that the historical groundwater analytical results have been influenced by suspended sediment and the presence of inorganic concentrations in background and baseline samples indicates the possibility that certain constituents are naturally occurring. The Division requested that statistical background concentrations be calculated for arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, sulfate, thallium, and vanadium in accordance with 15A NCAC 13B .1634 (g)(5) to evaluate if future elevated concentrations are potentially a result of landfill impact. This Work Plan has been prepared to describe the procedures for conducting groundwater sampling during a temporary monitoring schedule. This plan consists of a minimum of 10 sampling events from the background wells within a two‐year period. TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 2 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 Section 2 Interim Groundwater Monitoring Program 2.1 Temporary Sampling Frequency In order to collect an adequate number of samples for statistical analyses, the two background monitoring wells (MW‐01 and MW‐01A) will be sampled bi‐monthly (once every two months) for two years. These monitoring events will be in addition to the regularly scheduled monitoring events performed in February and August. A figure illustrating the well locations is included as Figure 2‐1. 2.2 Analytical Parameters The two background wells (MW‐01 and MW‐01A) will be analyzed for arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, sulfate, thallium, and vanadium. Sample laboratory preparations and analyses will be performed by a laboratory certified by North Carolina. Samples will be field analyzed for the following parameters: pH Specific conductivity Temperature Turbidity A summary of the groundwater laboratory analytical program, including the laboratory analyses, laboratory analytical methods, sample hold times, container types, container volumes, and sample preservatives is presented in Table 1. Reported concentrations will be compared to the 15A NCAC 02L.0202 Standard (2L Standards). When a 2L Standard does not exist for a constituent, the North Carolina Groundwater Protection Standard (GWP Standard) is used for comparison criteria. The quantitative analytical detection limit will be at or below the corresponding 2L Standard or GWP Standard. As stated in Subsection 3.3.11 (Quality Assurance and Control), sampling and analysis will also include a minimum of one duplicate sample per groundwater monitoring event for quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC). TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 3 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 Table 1 Analytical Requirements PARAMETER ANALYTICAL METHOD SAMPLE HOLD TIME CONTAINER TYPE AND VOLUME(1) SAMPLE PRESERVATIVE Metals Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Nickel, Sulfate, Thallium, and Vanadium USEPA 200.8 6 months 500 mL plastic or glass nitric acid (HNO3) (pH<2) Wet Chemistry Sulfate USEPA 300.0 or 4500 SO42 28 days 250 mL plastic or glass None Field Analytical pH SM 4500 H + B 15 min 250 mL plastic or glass None Specific Conductance SM2510B 28 days 250 mL plastic or glass None Temperature SM2550B None 250 mL plastic or glass None Turbidity USEPA 180.1 48 hours 250 mL plastic or glass None. Cool to 4C Water Table Level Tape or Level Indicator NA NA NA 1. Anticipated bottle volume. Actual volume may vary depending on analytical laboratory requirements. 2.3 Sampling and Analysis Plan The following factors and procedures shall be considered and/or implemented in planning and conducting sampling operations. These factors and procedures must be considered in view of the specific objectives and scope of the monitoring activities. Safety of sampling personnel Selection and proper preparation of sampling equipment Selection of parameters to be measured and evaluation of sample fractions to be analyzed Required sample volumes Selection and proper preparation of sample containers Sample preservation TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 4 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 Sample holding times Sample handling Special precautions for trace contaminant sampling Sample identification Collection of auxiliary data Transportation and shipping of samples QA and QC Sample chain‐of‐custody Specific procedures for collecting groundwater samples to monitor water quality outlined in this monitoring plan are based on established and accepted procedures. Procedures developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) are used wherever applicable. Proper sampling techniques are necessary to assure that samples are representative and that the sample is neither altered nor contaminated by the sampling procedure. The activities and procedures required to obtain quality samples are arranged in the order in which they are performed. The equipment and methods will vary depending on the type of well, depth, and laboratory testing program. Prior to sample collection, each well will be inspected, and conditions potentially affecting the integrity of the well or the samples collected from the well will be recorded in the field book. Laboratory‐quality PVC, latex, or nitrile gloves will be worn throughout the sampling process and changed between each well. The following equipment and supplies may be used during the collection of groundwater samples from Site monitoring wells: Electronic water level indicator capable of monitoring to 0.01 foot accuracy Extra batteries for water level indicator Submersible pump with low‐flow capabilities (less than 1 liter/min), such as a bladder pump (with sufficient quantity of bladders, O‐rings, grab plates, etc.) Peristaltic pump Source of power for use with submersible or peristaltic pump (e.g., 12‐volt battery, compressor, generator, compressed gas tanks, etc.) Flow controller for use with submersible pump (varies depending on the type of pump used) TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 5 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 Bottom‐filling bailer constructed of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or stainless steel Bailer cord or wire (recommended contaminant‐free rope) Tubing (polyethylene) Silicone tubing (only used for peristaltic pump head and/or flow‐through cell connections) Water quality meter(s) capable of measuring field parameters such as pH, temperature, specific conductivity, and turbidity Flow‐through cell Containers with lids for purge water (e.g., 5‐gallon buckets, drums, etc.) Stopwatch or timer Sample bottle labels Laboratory‐grade deionized, organic‐free water (for equipment blanks if needed) Chain of custody forms Sample cooler(s) Sample containers Field book and/or Groundwater Field Data Record Bubble wrap and Ziploc® bags Lint‐free, non‐abrasive, disposable towels (e.g., Kimwipes®) Indelible marking pens Ice 2.3.1 Monitoring Well Inspection During groundwater sampling activities, monitoring wells will be inspected to ensure that they are secure and not damaged. A written or electronic well inspection form will be completed during each sampling event for each well. The well inspection form will document the condition of the well protective casing, lock, cap, well pad, interior well casing, and surrounding areas of the groundwater monitoring well, etc. Deficiencies observed, along with documentation of any modifications or repairs completed, will be noted on the well inspection form. In the event that a well component becomes damaged, the component will be repaired or replaced within 30 days after the deficiency is noted and the repair will be noted on the inspection sheet. In the event that a monitoring well becomes damaged and cannot TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 6 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 be sampled, appropriate corrective measures will be implemented or a replacement monitoring well installed in the vicinity of the damaged well. Effort will be made to install the replacement well on a schedule that will make it available for monitoring during the next scheduled sampling event. 2.3.2 Field Notes The investigator who collects samples is responsible for recording pertinent information in field books or logsheets. This information includes data on the depth to water, total depth of well, color, turbidity, time of sampling, pH, conductivity, temperature, and other pertinent data. These notes are a valuable record of the conditions in the field and problems that might be faced and are used in the data interpretation and analysis of the laboratory results. The pages in the field books or logsheets will be dated and signed or initialed by the person who is recording the information. Unused space at the bottom of a page will be crossed through. Work sketches or phrases that are recorded but deemed incorrect will be marked through in such a way as to still be legible, yet obviously struck from the text. Marks‐through will be initialed and dated by the person striking the item. 2.3.3 Water Level and Well Depth Measurements Water level (i.e., depth to water) measurements are used to determine the water table elevation or potentiometric head in monitoring wells and the water table configuration at the site. The depth of well measurement is used to calculate the volume of standing water in the well and to determine if the well is obstructed. These measurements will be performed before any water is removed from a well. Groundwater level measurements are made in reference to an established reference point on the well casing. Reference points at the site will be tied into the NGVD. Groundwater level measurements will be made and recorded to the nearest 0.01 foot. An electric water level indicator, calibrated in 0.01 feet, will be used for water level measurements. The total depth of each well will be measured by lowering the measuring device to the bottom of the well. A comparison of the total depth of the well with previous measurements will be noted to determine if excessive siltation has occurred in the well casing. Groundwater level measurement procedures consist of the following: 1. Unlock the well and remove the well cap to allow the well to vent. TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 7 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 2. Turn the water level indicator to the “ON” position and press the test button. The light should come on and the buzzer should sound. Replace the battery, if necessary. 3. Unreel the cable slowly down the well and listen for the buzzer to indicate the probe is in the water. 4. Pull the cable up approximately two inches. 5. Slowly lower the cable down the well until you hear the buzzer sound. Mark the point on the cable with a clip or finger. The reference point should be permanently marked on the side of the PVC well casing for future measurement consistency. 6. Read the depth on the water level indicator and record the depth to water in the field book or logsheet. 7. Gently unreel the cable to the bottom of the well and record the depth to the bottom of the well in the field book or logsheet. Minimize disturbance of any sediment in the bottom of the well. The water level indicator will be decontaminated between wells by rinsing with deionized, organic‐free water. 2.3.4 Well Purging Each well will be purged before a sample is collected. Purging a well is critical because water that has remained in a well casing for a period of time may not be representative of the water contained in the surrounding formation that the well is intended to sample. The wells will be purged using low‐flow techniques, which is a method that minimizes the volume of water withdrawn from a well in obtaining a representative sample. The term low‐flow refers to the low velocity with which water enters the pump intake during purging and sampling. The objective is to draw representative saturated zone water through the well screen to the pump intake while avoiding disturbance of the stagnant water above the well screen through minimizing drawdown of the water column in the well. To achieve this, a flow rate should be adjusted to a rate less than 500 milliliters per minute (mL/min). Due to the suspended sediment known to exist in the groundwater, the purging and sampling flow rate should be approximately 100 mL/min. Once drawdown stabilizes, the sampled water is isolated from the stagnant water in the well casing, thus eliminating the need for its removal. This sampling method is based on the principle that the water within the screened zone passes through continuously and does not mix with water above the screen. Water entering the pump can be considered representative of water in the formation after drawdown and indicator parameters have stabilized. TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 8 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 The wells may be purged using a peristaltic pump with flexible tubing or Grundfos® sampling pump (or equivalent). A clean bailer and cord can also be used but only if sampling with a pump is not feasible. If bailers are used, bailers will be gently lowered to the top of the water column and then gently removed to reduce turbidity. When performing low‐flow purging and sampling, it is recommended that the pump intake be set in the center of the well screen interval (or center of the water column within the well screen if the water level is below the top of the well screen) to help prevent disturbance of any sediment at the bottom of the well. To begin purging, the pump should be started at the lowest flow rate setting and then slowly increased until the water begins discharging. Monitor the water level and slowly adjust the pump speed until there is little or no drawdown or drawdown has stabilized. The stabilization of drawdown should be documented. Measure and record the flow rate and water level every 3 to 5 minutes during purging. The flow rate should be reduced if drawdown is greater than 0.3 feet over three consecutive 3 to 5 minute interval readings. Note any flow rate adjustments in the field notes or sampling log sheets. Continue purging for a minimum of five purge readings, spaced 3 to 5 minutes apart, and until water quality indicator parameters (conductance, pH and temperature) have stabilized and turbidity is less than 10 nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs), and then sample the well. Attempts should be made to avoid pumping a well dry. If drawdown cannot be maintained at less than 0.3 feet and the falling water level is approaching the top of the screened interval (or the top of the pump for sampling that began with the water level below the top of the screen), perform the following steps: 1. Reduce the flow rate, or turn off the pump and allow for recovery. 2. Begin pumping again at a lower flow rate. 3. If water draws down to the top of the screened interval again, turn the pump off and allow for recovery. 4. If two tubing volumes (including volume of water in the pump and flow‐ through cell) have been removed during purging, sampling can proceed the next time the pump is turned on without waiting for indicator filed parameters to stabilize. 5. If possible, there should be sufficient groundwater in the well such that the tubing does not disturb the bottom of the well while taking a sample. 6. A turbidity reading should be collected from the groundwater at the time of sampling. TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 9 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 7. Note that the well purged dry in the field notes or log sheets. The pump will be started at a low flow rate and the outflow will be directed into a bucket of known volume. Purge water will be measured based on the known volume of the bailer used or by pouring the contents into a container of known bucket volume. Purge water will be discharged on the ground adjacent to the well. 2.3.5 Field Parameter Stabilization During Purging The color, odor, turbidity, and any other comments pertaining to the purge water will be documented in the field log. A minimum of five purge intervals, spaced 3 to 5 minutes apart, must be completed. After each purging interval, the specific conductance, pH, temperature, and turbidity of the water will be determined and recorded in the field log. Generally, an adequate purge with respect to groundwater chemistry is achieved when, stability for at least three consecutive measurements is as follows: pH ± 0.1 standard units (SU) specific conductance within 5 percent turbidity – three readings less than 10 NTUs. Because groundwater temperature is generally not very sensitive in distinguishing between stagnant casing water and formation water and is subject to rapid changes during purging, its usefulness is subject to question for the purpose of determining parameter stability. 2.3.6 Unfiltered Samples Analysis of unfiltered samples provides total concentrations (i.e., both dissolved and suspended constituents) of inorganics and organics. Well sampling sequence will be determined based upon available information about the site. The sequence will generally begin with background wells followed by downgradient wells. Groundwater samples will be collected upon completion of purging the well and as soon as water volumes sufficient to fill the required sample bottles have flowed into the well casing. Samples will be collected for metal constituents followed by sulfate. The samples will be discharged directly to the sample containers from the pump tubing without allowing the tubing to touch the inside of the sample container or lid in order to maintain sample integrity. For the wells that are purged dry prior to sampling, it is particularly important that wells be sampled as soon as possible after purging to maintain sample TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 10 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 representativeness. If adequate volume is available upon completion of purging, the well should be sampled immediately. If not, sampling should occur as soon as adequate volume has recovered. If possible, sampling of wells that have a slow recovery should be scheduled so that they can be purged and sampled in the same day after adequate volume has recovered. Additionally, there should be sufficient volume to collect the sample without having the pump tubing disturb the bottom of the well. A turbidity reading should be collected at the time of sampling for wells that have been purged dry. Wells of this type should, unless it is unavoidable, not be purged at the end of one day and sampled the following day. Bailers, tubing, or pumps going into the well will either be new or decontaminated according to procedures outlined herein prior to placement in the well. Each well will be sampled using either polyethylene tubing (preferred method) or a bailer. Sample bottles should be completely filled, making sure to not overflow the bottles and lose the preservative. The sample bottles will be labeled with sample identification, date, and project number. Following sampling activities, cease pumping and decontaminate sampling equipment. Replace the well cap on the monitoring well and lock the outer casing. 2.3.7 Decontamination Procedures Proper decontamination of sampling equipment is essential to prevent cross contamination of samples with the sampling device. All sampling equipment will be decontaminated before sampling and between each sample. The following decontamination procedure will be sufficient to meet project needs. 1. Clean with tap water and laboratory detergent using a brush if necessary to remove particulate matter and surface films. 2. Rinse thoroughly with tap water. 3. Rinse thoroughly with deionized water. 4. Rinse thoroughly with organic‐free water and allow to air dry. 5. Wrap with aluminum foil and/or heat shrink plastic, or placed in clean plastic bags to prevent contamination if equipment is going to be stored or transported. TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 11 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 2.3.8 Waste Management Practices Groundwater and other waste produced during the site monitoring and sampling activities will be handled as follows: — Liquids. Purge water will be discharged on the ground adjacent to the well. Liquids from the decontamination of sampling equipment will be discharged to the land surface. — Used personnel protection equipment (PPE), as appropriate. All PPE, waste paper, and other wastes will be placed with site trash for off‐site disposal. — Investigative Samples. Groundwater samples analyzed by the laboratory will be disposed of by the laboratory in accordance with their standard operating procedures. 2.3.9 Sample Preservation and Shipment Sample containers, preservation methods and holding times that meet USEPA standards will be used. To prevent contamination, new containers will be used for all samples. For samples that require preservation, preservatives will be placed in the bottles before sample collection. Aqueous samples requiring preservation will be checked immediately upon arrival at the laboratory for adequate pH adjustment. Additional preservative will be added by the laboratory, if required. These procedures will be documented on the chain‐of‐custody form for the samples. Samples will be collected in the appropriate container and the sample container will be filled completely to minimize head space. Care must be taken not to overrun the bottles containing preservatives. Sample containers and samples will be shipped to the laboratory using an overnight delivery service or by hand delivery. Field conditions such as vehicle or generator exhaust or the presence of any other organic vapor sources must be noted, the appropriate field QC blanks collected or sampling suspended until conditions improve. Glass bottles will be placed in bubble wrap to help prevent breakage. All bottles will be placed on ice immediately after collection. For delivery of all samples to the laboratory, the following will be done: 1. Collect and preserve the samples as outlined in this manual. Properly label each container with indelible, waterproof ink. TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 12 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 2. Place sample containers in laboratory shipping container(s). Samples will be packed securely with packing material (e.g., bubble wrap) to protect sample containers from accidental breakage during shipment. 3. Chill samples with ice or frozen chemical ice packs placed around the containers. 4. Complete the chain‐of‐custody forms. 5. Tape chain‐of‐custody form to the inside of the shipping container lid. 6. Seal shipping container with tape. Place custody seal on container if it is being shipped by common carrier. 7. Deliver or ship to the laboratory. Fastest available shipping methods will be used whenever required by short holding times or project schedules. Responsibility for proper use of containers and preservatives is the duty of the on‐site coordinator and the project laboratory coordinator. 2.3.10 Chain-of-Custody Control Sample possession must be traceable from the time of collection to ultimate disposal through the use of chain‐of‐custody procedures. Chain‐of‐custody forms must accompany all sample shipping containers in order to document the transfer of the shipping containers and samples from the field to the laboratory. Procedures to be implemented include the following: — Prepare sample containers in the laboratory with pre‐applied labels. — Complete chain‐of‐custody form(s) in the field indicating sample identification, size and number of containers filled, sampling date, sampling time, sample collector, and sample preservative, if applicable. Note that sampling time and date are left blank for blind duplicate samples. The sampling location of blind duplicates is recorded in the field notes. — Pack shipping containers with samples, field chain‐of‐custody forms, and ice or ice packs. Each set of sample containers to be shipped together in a single shipping container will be assigned a field chain‐of‐custody form, which will travel with the shipping container. — Seal containers and ship or deliver them to a laboratory certified in North Carolina. Common carriers or intermediate individuals shall be identified on the field chain‐ of‐custody form, and copies of all bills‐of‐lading will be retained. — In the laboratory, receive and check shipping containers for broken seals or damaged sample containers. If no problems are noted, samples will be logged into the laboratory, and the field chain‐of‐custody form will be completed. The person TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 13 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 relinquishing the samples to the facility or agency should request the representative’s signature acknowledging sample receipt. If the representative is unavailable or refuses, this is noted in the “Received By” space. — Include copies of the field chain‐of‐custody form with the analytical data. The chain‐of‐custody form will be filled out legibly in black or blue ink. Errors will be corrected by drawing a single line through the incorrect information and entering the correct information. All corrections will be initialed and dated by the person making the correction. Completed chain‐of‐custody forms will be placed in a plastic bag, sealed, and taped to the inside cover of the shipping container. After the samples are iced, if required, the shipping container will be sealed, dated, and delivered by the sampling technician or shipped to the laboratory using an overnight delivery service. Samples will be received from the carrier and logged by the laboratory staff. In the event that samples are shipped for Saturday delivery, or delivered to the laboratory directly by the sampling technician after hours, arrangements will be made to have the appropriate personnel present to receive and log the samples upon their arrival or the samples will be stored in a secured location until the next business day. Sample shipping containers will not be left unattended. A separate sample receipt will be prepared whenever samples are split with a government agency. The receipt will be marked to indicate with whom the samples are being split. The person relinquishing the samples to the agency should request the agency representative’s signature acknowledging sample receipt. If the representative is unavailable or refuses, this will be noted on the receipt and in the field book. Three copies of the chain‐of‐custody must be kept with the field notes in the field. Two of the copies will accompany the samples to the laboratory. If a chain‐of‐custody form is damaged in shipment, the third (field copy) will be available. A written statement will be prepared by the person who collected the samples. The statement should include information contained in the field book/log entries regarding the sample. 2.3.11 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Groundwater sampling procedures are designed to provide a representative sample of groundwater for chemical analysis. Specific procedures for collecting groundwater samples to monitor water quality are outlined below and are based on established and accepted procedures. These methods have been developed over several years, and USEPA‐approved procedures, such as USEPA Region 4 Field Branches Quality System and TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 14 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 Technical Procedures, are used wherever applicable. Proper sampling techniques are necessary to provide representative samples that have not been altered or contaminated by the sampling procedure. Several steps are taken in the field to assure sample QC. Some of these steps include the following: — Cleaning the water level tape between wells. — Putting down a drop cloth at the well to protect the equipment from contact with soil around the well. — Preparing a field blank sample consisting of organic‐free water, which has been subjected to the same field methods as the samples. — Field calibration of meters used for pH, conductivity, and turbidity. — Sampling and analysis of a minimum of one blind duplicate sample per groundwater monitoring event. Field QC samples are collected to assess the quality of the analytical data and to evaluate sampling and analytical reproducibility (precision). Field QC samples will consist of duplicate samples, field blanks, and rinsate blanks for QA/QC. Type 1 reagent grade water will be used as the water source for all field blank samples. Duplicate Samples Duplicate samples, prepared by splitting a single sample between two separate containers, are used to evaluate sampling and analytical reproducibility (precision). Field duplicates will be collected at a rate of approximately one duplicate for every 20 samples. Points where duplicate samples are to be collected will be selected at random in the field. The samples will be submitted as blind duplicates to the laboratory. Field Blanks A field blank is a set of sample bottles that are filled with organic‐free deionized water in the field. The deionized water is handled in the same manner as the sample. Field blanks contain the same preservatives as the samples. Field blanks will be collected at a rate of one per sampling event when non‐dedicated sampling equipment, such as a re‐usable bailer, is used. When dedicated or disposable sampling equipment is used or there is no likelihood of cross contamination and field conditions do not compromise TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 15 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 sample integrity (e.g., wind‐blown or dusty conditions), a field blank is not required. 2.3.12 Field Analytical Techniques The pH, conductivity, temperature and turbidity of all water samples are taken in the field. The measurements are done on an unfiltered sample. The meters are calibrated in the field to the equipment manufacturerʹs specifications. Measurement and calibration procedures are described below. Measurement of pH A portable pH meter will be used to measure field pH from the groundwater. The pH meter will be calibrated with two buffer solutions pursuant to the manufacturer’s recommendations. While in the field, the meter will be calibrated several times per day with the buffers. The pH will be reported to the nearest 0.1 pH unit. Measurement of Specific Conductivity and Temperature A portable conductivity meter will be used to measure field‐specific conductance. The conductivity cells will be calibrated against known standards pursuant to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Results will be expressed in micromhos/centimeter (μmhos/cm) corrected to 25C. Results will be reported to the nearest ten units. Field book entries will also specify the meter reading at sample temperature. Temperature is usually measured by the conductivity meter, or multi‐meter. Temperature units will be specified in the field notes. Measurement of Turbidity Field turbidity will be measured utilizing a meter capable of measurements of 0.01 to 1,000 NTUs in automatic range mode with automatic decimal point placement. The meter will be calibrated pursuant to manufacturer’s recommendations. The calibration will be checked and measurements recorded in the field notes. Multi-Parameter Instrumentation with Flow through Cell Instead of individual meters, pH, conductivity, temperature, and turbidity may be measured utilizing a multi‐parameter instrument with a flow through cell. TRC Environmental Corporation | Domtar Paper Company, LLC Interim Bi‐monthly Background Groundwater Monitoring Work Plan 16 \\GREENVILLE‐FP1\WPGVL\PJT2\283093\0000\R2830930000‐002 ‐ INTERIM WORK SCOPE FOR ENV. 1.DOCX Final September 2017 2.4 Reporting The data collected from each sampling event, including field notes, field parameter readings, and groundwater purging information, will be submitted to Domtar with the analytical results within one month of the groundwater sampling event. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! HIGHWAY 64RAILROAD KEN TROWBR IDG E ROAD MW-6A MW-1A MW-2 MW-3 MW-4 MW-5 MW-8 MW-9 MW-10 MW-11 MW-12 MW-13 MW-6 MW-1 MAH CCN MAH JUNE 2017 AS NOTED 274428.0.0 FIGURE 2-1 MONITORING WELL LOCATIONS AROUND LANDFILL NO.2 AND LANDFILL NO.3 DOMTAR PAPER COMPANY, LLCPLYMOUTH, NORTH CAROLINA DRAWN BY: CHECKED BY: APPROVED BY: DATE: SCALE:PROJ. NO.: REFERENCE INFO: Patewood Plaza One, Suite 30030 Patewood DriveGreenville, SC 29615-3535 Path: U:\Domtar\Plymouth NC\Landfill No 3\274428\Domtar_Plymouth_MWs.mxdDate Saved: 8/8/2017 9:02:26 AM Phone: 864-281-0030FAX: 864-281-0288 I LEGEND Landfill No.2 Landfill No.3 0 0.15 0.30.075 Miles !MONITORING WELL(APPROXIMATE)