9404_CDLF_WashingtonCo_LFGMP_DIN28402_20170807

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Washington County C&D Landfill
Washington County, North Carolina

Prepared for:

Washington County
Plymouth, North Carolina

December 2016
Revised August 2017

© 2017 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Washington County C&D Landfill
Washington County, North Carolina

Prepared For:
Washington County
Plymouth, North Carolina

S+G Project No. WASHINGTON-16-1

Madeline M. German, P.G.
Project Geologist

Joan A. Smyth, P.G.
Vice President, Senior Hydrogeologist

December 2016
Revised August 2017

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8/7/2017

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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
December 2016 – Revised August 2017 Table of Contents Page i
Washington County C&D Landfill
Washington County, North Carolina

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Regulatory Requirements ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Guidance Document .................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Contact Information .................................................................................................. 2
1.3.1 Washington County (County) ......................................................................... 2
1.3.2 Engineer ........................................................................................................ 2
1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ) ................ 3
1.4 Existing Site Conditions ............................................................................................. 3
1.4.1 Site Geology ................................................................................................... 3
1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime .......................................................................... 4
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM .................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Monitoring Frequency ............................................................................................... 5
2.2 Monitoring Network .................................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 Existing Network ........................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Modifications to Monitoring Network ........................................................... 5
2.3 Monitoring and Reporting ......................................................................................... 5
2.3.1 Personnel ...................................................................................................... 5
2.3.2 Equipment ..................................................................................................... 6
2.3.3 Procedures .................................................................................................... 6
2.3.4 Record Keeping ............................................................................................. 7
2.4 Observations .............................................................................................................. 7
3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN .......................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Immediate Action Plan .............................................................................................. 8
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation ...................................................................... 8
3.2 Remediation Plan ...................................................................................................... 8

FIGURES
Figure 1 LFG Monitoring Network
Figure 2 Methane Monitoring Requirement Flowchart

APPENDICES
Appendix A Reporting Form

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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
December 2016 – Revised August 2017 Page 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Landfill Gas (LFG) Monitoring Plan (plan) was prepared by Smith Gardner, Inc. to describe
the LFG monitoring program at the Washington County C&D Landfill (NC Solid Waste Permit
No. 94-04) which is located off of Landfill Road near Roper, North Carolina. This plan describes
the necessary procedures to satisfy applicable regulatory requirements (Section 1.1) and
guidance documents (Section 1.2) for landfill gas monitoring at the C&D facility.

The Engineer has utilized the best available site data, practices, experience and judgment to
develop this plan. However, the plan may require modifications over time to accommodate
changing landfill conditions, changing receptors in areas adjacent to and around the landfill, or
other conditions that cannot be fully anticipated.

Uncontrolled migration of LFG (particularly methane (CH4)) can result in loss of life, injury, loss
of property, vegetative damage, and intolerable odors. Landfill monitoring includes exposure to
explosive gases. Monitoring personnel should be specifically trained in the management and
response for situations such as fire or explosion and confined space entry and possess an
awareness of changing conditions around the landfill.

Note that this plan does not address landfill gas collection and control, air quality, or other
related landfill gas regulations or requirements which may be applicable to this site at present
or in the future.
1.1 Regulatory Requirements
The North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (C&D Landfills: 15A NCAC 13B.0544
(d)) requires the following for facilities having a C&D Landfill:

• Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must ensure that:
o the concentration of methane gas generated by the facility does not
exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit (LEL) for methane (1.25%
methane) in facility structures (excluding gas control or recovery system
components); and
o the concentration of methane gas does not exceed the LEL for methane
(5% methane) at the facility property boundary.

• Owners or operators of C&D landfill units must implement a routine methane
monitoring program and perform monitoring on at least a quarterly basis.

• If regulatory limits for methane gas concentrations are exceeded, a contingency
plan must be implemented for the protection of human health and safety.

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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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1.2 Guidance Document
This plan was developed generally following the Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance
document prepared by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC
DEQ), Division of Waste Management (DWM)1.
1.3 Contact Information
Correspondence and questions concerning this plan should be directed to the
appropriate contact below:
1.3.1 Washington County (County)
Washington County Department of Public Utilities
396 West Millpond Road
Roper, NC 27970
Phone: [phone]

Contact: David Tawes, Public Utilities Director
[e-mail]

Washington County Landfill Facility
718 Landfill Road
Roper, NC 27970
P.O. Box 1007
Plymouth, NC 27962
Phone/Fax: [phone]

Contact: Carl Critcher, Landfill Manager
[e-mail]
1.3.2 Engineer
Smith Gardner, Inc.
14 N. Boylan Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]

Contacts: Pieter K. Scheer, P.E.
[e-mail]
Madeline M. German, P.G.
[e-mail]

1 NC DEQ DWM (2010), “Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance”, NC DEQ DWM Solid Waste Section, November
2010.
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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
December 2016 – Revised August 2017 Page 3
1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ)
Division of Waste Management (DWM) - Solid Waste Section:

North Carolina DEQ - Washington Regional Office
943 Washington Square Mall
Washington, NC 27889
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Contact: Ray Williams - Environmental Senior Specialist
[e-mail]
1.4 Existing Site Conditions
Washington County, North Carolina (County) currently owns and operates the
Washington County Landfill facility at 718 Landfill Road near Roper. The facility is
permitted for the disposal of construction and demolition debris (C&D) under Solid
Waste Permit No. 94-04. The County also conducts several other solid waste
management activities, under Solid Waste Permit No. 94-02, at the facility which include
a closed municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill unit located on the southwestern portion of
the site and an active C&D landfill unit in the northeastern portion of the site that was
previously used for borrow material.

The surrounding area is primarily forested, wetlands and agricultural. The site is bound
to the north and west by undeveloped land and agricultural land, to the east by Landfill
Road and agricultural land, and to the south by agricultural land.

Ground surface elevation rise is related to landfill activity, elevations range from
approximately El. 5 (feet above mean sea level) adjacent to the wetlands to El. 25 ft amsl
near the site entrance (end of Landfill Road). The facility location and existing site
conditions are shown on Figure 1.
1.4.1 Site Geology
The Washington County Landfill is located in the Coastal Plain Physiographic
Province. The Coastal Plain consists of continental, near shore, and marine
sediments which were deposited during successive periods of fluctuating sea
level. According to the Geologic Map of North Carolina (USGS, 1985) this site is
underlain by Quaternary surficial deposits including sand, gravel, clay and peat
deposited in marine, fluvial, aeolian and lacustrine environments; typical for a
coastal plain environment.

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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime
Groundwater in the upper-most aquifer generally flows through unconsolidated
sediments to discharge into the Roanoke River, its tributaries and Swan Bay. The
groundwater potentiometric surface generally reflects a subdued expression of
the surface topography with groundwater generally flowing to the north into the
wetlands around the Albemarle Sound. Groundwater elevations at the site are
generally less than 5 ft. above mean sea level (amsl).

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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM
This section of the LFG Monitoring Plan addresses each aspect of the monitoring program
including monitoring frequency, monitoring network, and monitoring and reporting procedures.
2.1 Monitoring Frequency
Routine LFG monitoring will be conducted on a quarterly basis.
2.2 Monitoring Network
Existing monitoring locations are shown on Figure 1 and are summarized in the
following LFG monitoring network schedule below.

Washington County C&D Landfill LFG Monitoring Network Schedule

Monitoring Locations: Structures
Scale House/Office
Maintenance Building
Animal Shelter

If desired by the County, a dedicated methane monitor may be installed within one or
more of the structures to be monitored.
2.2.1 Existing Network
The following facility structures are monitored: Scale House/Office, Maintenance
Building, and Animal Shelter. Due to shallow groundwater conditions, the
location of wetlands around much of the facility, and the significant distances to
off-site receptors, there are no landfill gas monitoring wells at the facility.
2.2.2 Modifications to Monitoring Network
There are no modifications proposed for the monitoring network at this time.

2.3 Monitoring and Reporting
Monitoring and reporting of LFG concentrations will be performed as outlined below.
2.3.1 Personnel
LFG monitoring will be performed by personnel who are familiar with the
requirements of this plan and who are trained in LFG hazards and explosive gas
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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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meter use. As practical, a designated technician will be assigned to regular LFG
monitoring duty.
2.3.2 Equipment
A LandtecTM GEM-2000 infrared portable gas analyzer (or equivalent) and
Sensorcon hydrogen sulfide meter (or equivalent) will be used to monitor facility
structures. This analyzer, which is calibrated to methane (CH4), operates using
the infrared spectral property of methane to measure concentrations in air.
Measurements of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) will also be made with this
meter. This meter may be used in oxygen deficient areas (less than 10% O2)
since oxygen is not required for a chemical combustion of flammable gases
within the meter.

On the day of monitoring, prior to monitoring activities, this meter will be field
calibrated. Additionally, all monitoring equipment should be regularly calibrated
in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and operated only as
instructed.
2.3.3 Procedures
Prior to each monitoring event, the portable gas analyzer will be calibrated with a
known calibration standard in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations. General information related to the monitoring event,
equipment used, calibration procedures, weather conditions, and results for
each monitoring event will be recorded on the landfill gas monitoring data form
(Appendix A).

The following steps outline the procedure for the monitoring of facility
structures:

• Check calibration date on the meter and calibrate according to
manufacturers instructions; allowing equipment to warm up properly
prior to use, per manufacturers direction.
• Purge sample tube for one minute before monitoring.

Structures:
o Walk through the facility structure with a methane analyzer and
hydrogen sulfide meter and monitor the perimeter wall interface
of the structure, the floor to wall interface in hallways and rooms,
and any floor penetrations in the structure. Record the initial and
stabilized methane concentrations, oxygen concentration,
hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide concentration.
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
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o Notify the Landfill Manager and the Engineer for any methane
concentration greater than 0% of the LEL.

IF A STABILIZED METHANE CONCENTRATION IS GREATER THAN 25% OF THE
LEL IN A FACILITY STRUCTURE, OR IF STABILIZED HYDROGEN SULFIDE
CONCENTRATION IS GREATER THAN 20 PPM IN A FACILITY STRUCTURE, THE
FOLLOWING ACTIONS WILL BE IMPLEMENTED:

1) Recalibrate monitoring equipment and confirm results.
2) If results are confirmed, IMMEDIATELY contact the Landfill Manager and
the Engineer.
3) Implement the Immediate Action Plan located in Section 3.1.
2.3.4 Record Keeping
Routine LFG monitoring events will be documented on the LFG monitoring data
form provided in Appendix A. Completed forms will be placed in the landfill
operating record located at the landfill office. These forms will be available for
review by DWM personnel on request.

Documentation of any contingency plan actions (Section 3.0) will also be kept in
the operating record.
2.4 Observations
Periodic site observations of landfill cover conditions, areas of dead vegetation, leachate
seeps, odors, etc. as indications of potential LFG-related problems will be conducted
routinely. Any issues identified will be reported to the Landfill Manager for
correction/repair as necessary.

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3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN
If a stabilized methane concentration is greater than 25% of the LEL in a facility structure, or if
stabilized hydrogen sulfide concentration is greater than 20 PPM in a facility structure, the
County will perform both an immediate action and plan and a remediation plan as described
below and as summarized on Figure 2.
3.1 Immediate Action Plan
The Landfill Manager will perform the following actions for the protection of human
health and safety:

1) Evacuate affected facility structures and the immediately surrounding area.
2) Determine nearby potential receptors (facility and off-site structures).
3) Perform monitoring in any other facility structure near the monitoring location
having the high concentration.
4) Contact the local Fire Department (911). Coordinate evaluation of potentially
affected off-site structures with the Fire Department.
5) Verbally notify the Public Utilities Director, or his designee.
6) Verbally notify the DWM (Section 1.1) as soon as practical.
7) Investigate and identify the potential source(s) and conduit(s) for LFG migration
that may have caused the high concentration (i.e. the path that the LFG may be
taking to the monitoring location).
8) Identify the LFG extent using bar hole punch sampling methodology or other
applicable alternative method as practical.
9) As appropriate, begin corrective action to control methane concentrations in
structures surrounding the landfill site.
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation
Within seven days of the detection of a high methane concentration, the County
will prepare and submit an Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (Appendix
A) with the results of the monitoring event to the DWM. The County will also
place a description of the actions performed to protect human health in the
operating record.
3.2 Remediation Plan
Within sixty days of the detection of a high methane concentration, a remediation plan
describing the problem nature, extent, and proposed remedy will be prepared and
submitted to the DWM for approval. Following approval, the plan will be implemented
and a copy will be placed in the operating record. The DWM will also be notified the plan
has been implemented.

An extension may be granted by the DWM on written request and depending on severity
of the situation.
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Figures

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Washington County C&D Landfill
Washington County, North Carolina
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14 N. Boylan Avenue, Raleigh NC 27603
NC LIC. NO. F-1370 (ENGINEERING)
919.828.0577
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© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
METHANE MONITORING REQUIREMENT
WASHINGTON COUNTY LANDFILLS
NORTH CAROLINA
C.T.J.M.M.G.N.T.S.WASH 16-1 2 WASH-A0057Nov 2016
2.WITHIN 7 DAYS1.IMMEDIATELY 3.WITHIN 60 DAYS
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Appendix A
Reporting Form

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Washington County C&D Landfill
Washington County, North Carolina
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Form based on NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section, Landfill Gas Monitoring
Guidance, November 2010, pg. 16.
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form

Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these
documents are available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).

Facility Name: ______________________________________________ Permit Number: ______________
Date of Sampling: ___________________ NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or .1600): _____________________
Name and Position of Sample Collector: _________________________________________
Type and Serial Number of Gas Meter: _______________________________ Calibration Date of Gas Meter: _____________
Date and Time of Field Calibration: ___________________Type of Field Calibration Gas (15/15 or 35/50): ____________
Expiration Date of Field Calibration Gas Canister: ________Pump Rate of Gas Meter: _____________
Ambient Air Temperature: __________ Barometric Pressure: ______________General Weather Conditions: _____________
Instructions: Under “Location or LFG Well” identify the monitoring wells or describe the location for other tests (e.g., inside buildings).
A drawing showing the location of test must be attached. Report methane readings in both % LEL and % methane by volume. A reading
in percent methane by volume can be converted to % LEL as follows: % methane by volume = % LEL/20.

Location
or LFG
Well ID
Sample
Tube
Purge
Time
Time
Pumped
(s)
Initial
% LEL
Stabilized
% LEL
%CH4 by
Volume %O2 %CO2 H2S
(ppm) Notes

If your facility has more gas monitoring locations than there is room on this form, please attach additional sheets listing the same
information as contained on this form.

Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true
and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification
including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.

_________________________________________ _________________________________________
SIGNATURE TITLE
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