5403_LenoirCoCDLF_GWMR_DIN27913_20160107

Lenoir County Active C&D and Closed MSWLF
LaGrange, North Carolina
January 2016
MESCO Project Number: G15015.0
Semi-Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report
with Corrective Action Update
Prepared for
Municipal Engineering Services Company, P.A.
Garner and Boone, North Carolina
Permit Number: 54-03
P.O. Box 97
Garner, NC 27529
License No. C-0281

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
Introduction Page 1
Background Page 1
Sampling Procedures Page 2
Field Parameter Data Page 2
Laboratory Results Page 2
Quality Control Samples Page 3
Groundwater Samples Page 3
Surface Water Samples Page 3
Groundwater Characterization Page 3
Corrective Action Update Page 3
Findings Page 3
Closing Page 4
FIGURES
Topographic Map with Site Location Figure 1
Potentiometric Map of Surficial Aquifer with Detections Above 2L Standards Figure 2
Time Series Graph of Mercury at MW-9 Figure 3
TABLES
Groundwater Monitoring Well Construction Table Table 1
Sampling and Analysis Summary Table 2
Detections Above Established SWSL, GWP, 2L, 2B or MCL (Appendix I) Table 3
Detections Above MDL (Appendix II Exclusive) Table 4
Hydrologic Properties at Monitoring Well Locations Table 5
MNA Parameter Data Summary Table 6
APPENDICIES
Laboratory and Field Analysis Reports and Chains of Custody Appendix A
May 31, 2016
Ms. Jaclynne Drummond
Solid Waste Section (SWS)
NC Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ)
2090 US Highway 70
Swannanoa, NC 28778
Subject: Semi-Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report with Corrective Action Update
Lenoir County Active C&D and Closed MSWLF
Permit No. 54-03
MESCO Project No. G15015.0
Event Date: January 7, 2016
Dear Ms. Drummond:
Introduction
On behalf of Lenoir County, Municipal Engineering Services Company, P.A. (MESCO) is pleased to present this
Semi-Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report with Corrective Action Update for the winter 2016 event performed
at the Lenoir County active construction and demolition (C&D) and closed municipal solid waste landfill
(MSWLF). NCDENR Solid Waste Rule 15A NCAC 13B.1632 requires that Lenoir County provide this report to
the NC Solid Waste Section (SWS) on a semi-annual basis. This report documents the quality of the ground and
surface waters during this monitoring event performed on January 7, 2016. Laboratory analytical results indicate
that the only constituent detected above applicable regulatory Standards was total mercury in MW-9. Corrective
action via monitored natural attenuation (MNA) continues to be implemented with updated information presented
herein.
Background
The Lenoir County Active Construction and Demolition (C&D) Landfill and Closed Unlined Sanitary Municipal
Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) is located on Hodges Farm Road (SR 1524), La Grange, Lenoir County, North
Carolina and operates under permit #54-03. Prior to operation as a C&D landfill, the site operated as an unlined
MSWLF. Part of the southern portion of the MSWLF ceased receiving waste prior to October 1994 and was closed
with a 24 inch soil cover. The remainder of the MSWLF closed prior to October 1998, with an 18-inch cohesive soil
cap having a permeability of 1 x 10-5 cm/sec, and 18 inches of erosive layer, as part of the Lenoir County
Transition Plan. The C&D landfill operates on top of the capped MSWLF, and both units are monitored together.
Lenoir County's Subtitle D MSWLF, located on a contiguous property to the southeast is currently monitored
separately under permit 54-09. A topographic map showing the facility location is included as Figure 1.
Water quality has been monitored at this facility on at least a semi-annual basis since 1994 and any data
comparisons were made to all historical data believed to be reported. Municipal Engineering Services Company,
P.A. (MESCO) submitted an Assessment and Corrective Action (ACM) report dated August 30, 2007. MESCO then
developed a Corrective Action Plan (CAP) (DIN6843) on February 13, 2009. In response to improved water quality
and changing geochemical conditions, the CAP was revised on April 30, 2009 (CAP-Rev. 1) (DIN 8710).
Groundwater remediation using monitored natural attenuation (MNA) was initiated on July 29, 2009 and has
continued on a semi-annual basis.
Following establishment of the two year MNA baseline, MESCO completed a Corrective Action Evaluation Report

(CAER) (DIN 13653) on April 12, 2011. Although the CAER demonstrated that water quality conditions have
improved and there is adequate evidence that groundwater natural attenuation is occurring, the SWS CAER review
response (DIN 15524) dated November 22, 2011 denied the proposed discontinuation of corrective action. The
Groundwater and Surface Water Sampling & Analysis Plan (SAP) Revision 2 (SAP-Rev.2) (DIN 16358) was
submitted by MESCO on March 23, 2012 at the request of the SWS. The SWS requested SAP-Rev.2 specifies full
Appendix II monitoring of all groundwater samples once every five years which was performed on June 25, 2012
and continuation of annual Appendix II monitoring of MW-3 which was performed during the previous July 2015
event. Groundwater remediation through MNA is required to continue until the SWS authorizes a change.
As specified within rule 15A NCAC 13B.1632(i) and the SWS Environmental Monitoring Report Form, this report
contains sampling procedures, field and laboratory results, corrective action update, groundwater and surface water
characterization, and findings. Detections compared to Standards tables, hydrogeologic properties table, MNA
parameters table, histograms of historical detections, potentiometric map, field parameters, laboratory analytical
reports with quality assurance/quality control data and chains-of-custody (C-O-C) are also included in this report.
Sampling Procedures
Environment 1 (E1) of Greenville, NC, reportedly performed this monitoring event in accordance with the semi-
annual monitoring schedule prescribed by the NC Solid Waste Section (SWS) rules/regulations as promulgated in
15A NCAC 13B.1600. E1 personnel reportedly conducted the sampling utilizing portable monitoring methodology
in accordance with the approved Sampling & Analysis Plan (SAP) contained in the CAP-Rev. 1. Water and
dissolved gas samples were collected from six downgradient groundwater monitoring wells (MW-3, MW-4, MW-6,
MW-9, MW-11, MW-12), and the hydraulically upgradient background well (MW-1). Surface water samples were
reportedly collected from SW-3 located upstream and SW-1 downstream of the facility. Quality control measures
included submittal and analysis of an equipment blank (EB), field blank (FB) and travel blank (TB). Monitoring
locations are shown in Figure 2.
A summary detailing the construction of the water monitoring wells is presented on Table 1. Static water levels in
each well were measured electronically prior to purging. Additional static water level readings were recorded from
two supplementary monitoring wells (MW-8 and MW-10) to improve potentiometric contouring. E1 documentation
indicates samples were transported under C-O-C protocols and analyzed within the specified hold times for each
method.
Field Parameter Data
E1 quantified the field parameters static water depth, pH, specific conductivity, temperature, turbidity, oxidation
reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO), which is presented in the laboratory analysis report in
Appendix A.
Laboratory Results
E1 reportedly analyzed all of the water samples for at least the constituents listed in Appendix I of 40 CFR 258 and
total mercury (an Appendix II constituent). Additionally, all groundwater samples were analyzed for the MNA
performance parameter list specified by SWS. Microseeps Inc. of Pittsburgh, PA performed analysis for the MNA
parameters volatile fatty acids, methane/ethene/ethane, and dissolved hydrogen. A sampling and analysis table
summarizing the locations, targeted constituents, and methods is presented on Table 2.
2
Water samples were analyzed to the laboratory-established Method Detection Limits (MDL), which are at or below
current Solid Waste Section Limits (SWSL). Table 3 summarizes constituents detected in groundwater and surface
water samples above the current SWSL, Groundwater Protection Standards (GWP), North Carolina Groundwater
Standards (2L), the applicable Class C North Carolina Surface Water Standards (2B) or Maximum Contaminant
Levels (MCL) also known as “Federal Primary Drinking Water Standards”. Table 4 summarizes all Appendix II
detections (defined in this report as not also listed in Appendix I) above the MDL.
Quality Control Samples
Five out of fifteen total metals were detected in low “j-qualified” concentrations in the quality control blanks (EB
and FB). Although the field and/or laboratory induced artifact contamination was identified it is unlikely the data
set for the landfill has been influenced by false positives or high bias.
Groundwater Samples
Total mercury was detected in sample MW-9 at 1.2 µg/L which is above the applicable NC Groundwater
compliance Standard (1.0 µg/L) but below the Federal Primary Drinking Water Standard (2.0 µg/L).
Surface Water Samples
No contaminants were detected above the MDL in either of the surface water samples collected upstream or
downstream of the facility.
Groundwater Characterization
A single-day potentiometric map of the surficial aquifer was created using groundwater elevation data reported
during this event (Figure 2). Flow direction trends in a general northeasterly direction towards Falling Creek.
Groundwater flow rates via modified Darcy's equation ranged from approximately 6 ft/yr in MW-3 to 133 ft/yr in
MW-11 and averaged 45 ft/yr. Groundwater flow rates and directions are included in Table 5. Flow directions and
gradients are generally consistent with historical observations.
Corrective Action Update
Groundwater remediation measures using MNA per CAP-Rev. 1 continue to be implemented at the facility. Semi-
annual MNA monitoring of seven wells was initiated on July 29, 2009 and has consistently been performed for the
full suite of SWS recommended parameters for eleven consecutive semi-annual events. The most recent MNA data
is presented in Table 6. Since VOCs were not detected MNA screening models were not generated for this event.
Findings
Mercury was detected in sample MW-9 in excess of it's respective 2L Standard but within it's own historically
identified range (Figure 3). We recommend and have requested that E1 test MW-9 for both total and dissolved
mercury during the summer of 2016 event to determine if dissolved (mobile) mercury levels are elevated.
Additionally, we have requested that during the next event that E1 also test surface water point SW-1 for mercury to
determine it's levels downstream of MW-9.
Contamination is not suspected to have migrated beyond the compliance boundary and natural attenuation of the low
level contaminants appears to be occurring; therefore, the contingency remediation techniques outlined in the CAP
are not planned to be initiated at this time.
3
Figures
Topographic Map with Site Location
Lenoir County Landfill Facility
FIGURE 1
QUADRANGLE LEGEND
N
2949 Hodges Farm Rd (SR1524)
LaGrange, NC 28501
Lat:35-17-07.4269
Long:-77-42-32.7453
Northing:561295.59
Easting:2385220.32
SW-1
SW-3
UNLINEDC&D
MSWLF
SUBTITLE DLINEDMSWLF
Lenoir County Active C&D and Closed MSWLF Page 1 of 1
Figure 3
Time-Series Graph of Mercury at MW-9
January 23, 2008- January 7, 2016
ND Represented by ½ Detection Limit
MCL “Fed. Drinking Water Standard”
2L “NC Groundwater Standard”
Tables
Lenoir County Active C&D and Closed MSWLF Page 1 of 1
Table 1
Groundwater Monitoring Well Construction Table
January 7, 2016
Latitude Longitude
(inches)(ft)
MW-1 10/7/80 2 40 Silty Sand 98.34 84.59 13.75 N35° 17' 29.98"W77° 42' 37.63"
MW-3 9/26/91 2 12 2 10 Silty Sand 63.87 60.71 59.23 4.64 N35° 17' 51.39"W77° 42' 25.53"
MW-4 9/25/91 2 15 5 10 Silty Sand 68.03 65.86 64.00 4.03 N35° 17' 44.60"W77° 42' 23.26"
MW-6 5/27/92 2 17 7 10 Silty Sand 85.56 84.93 78.26 7.30 N35° 17' 38.82"W77° 42' 48.13"
MW-8 8/24/94 2 31.5 16.5 15 Silt 88.29 85.39 65.61 22.68 N35° 17' 47.26"W77° 42' 38.63"
MW-9 8/25/94 2 19.8 4.8 15 Sandy Clay 62.40 56.55 57.30 5.10 N35° 17' 59.03"W77° 42' 32.15"
MW-10 8/24/94 2 31.5 16.5 15 Sandy Silt 87.15 84.04 73.95 13.20 N35° 17' 49.91"W77° 42' 35.62"
MW-11 3/31/99 2 36 26 10 Sand 78.26 75.36 67.09 11.17 N35° 17' 48.26"W77° 42' 39.65"
MW-12 3/31/99 2 35 25 10 Sand 77.46 74.65 63.16 14.30 N35° 17' 52.37"W77° 42' 35.08"
NOTE:
Monitoring
Well
Date
Installed
Well
Diameter
Total
Well
Depth
Top of
Screen
Depth
Screen
Length Geology of
Screened
Interval
Top of
Casing
Elevation
Ground
Elevation
Groundwater
Elevation
Depth to
Water
(ft bgs)(ft bgs)(ft amsl)(ft amsl)(ft amsl)(ft btoc)
na na na
bgs = below ground surface
amsl= above mean sea level
btoc = below top of casing (PVC well casing)
na = not available. Not shown on well construction record or boring log
Lenoir County Active C&D and Closed MSWLF Page 1 of 1
Table 2
Sampling and Analysis Summary
January 7, 2016
MNA Field Parameter
Me
t
a
l
s
,

T
o
t
a
l
To
t
a
l

M
e
r
c
u
r
y
VF
A
Hy
d
r
o
g
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n
Di
s
s
o
l
v
e
d

C
O
2
Al
k
a
l
i
n
i
t
y
Su
l
f
a
t
e
Su
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f
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Ch
l
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d
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TO
C
CO
D
BO
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t
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,

F
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(
D
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)
Ox
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R
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d
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c
t
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n

P
o
t
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t
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l

(
O
R
P
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St
a
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D
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W
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Te
m
p
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a
t
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Co
n
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c
t
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v
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t
y
pH Tu
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
La
b

E
P
A

8
2
6
0
B
L
a
b

E
P
A
2
0
0
.
8
La
b

E
P
A

8
2
6
0
B
La
b

2
4
5
.
1
AM
2
3
G
AM
2
0
G
A
X
AM
2
0
G
A
X
SM
4
5
0
0
C
O
2
C
23
2
0
B
-
9
7
45
0
0
S
O
4
2
E
9
7
45
0
0
S
2
D
-
0
0
45
0
0
C
L
B
-
9
7
53
1
0
C
-
0
0
H8
0
0
0
-
7
9
52
1
0
B
-
0
1
EP
A
2
0
0
.
7
35
0
0
F
E
B
-
9
7
35
3
.
2

R
2
-
9
3
SM
4
5
0
0
O
G
SM
2
5
8
0
B
SM
2
5
5
0
B
SM
2
5
1
0
B
SM
4
5
0
0
H
B
SM
2
1
3
0
-
B
MW-1 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
MW-3 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
MW-4 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
MW-6 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
MW-8 Exempt from water quality sampling only water level elevation required x
MW-9 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
MW-10 Exempt from water quality sampling only water level elevation required x
MW-11 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
MW-12 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
SW-1 x x x x x x x x
SW-3 x x x x x x x x
EB x x x
FB x x
TB x
App. I App. II
VO
Cs

VO
C
s
Me
t
ha
ne
/E
t he
ne
/E
t
h
a
ne
App I & II= Appendix Lists from current 40 CFR 258
Lenoir County Active C&D and Closed MSWLF Page 1 of 1
Table 3
Detections Above Established SWSL, GWP, 2L, 2B or MCL (Appendix I)
January 7, 2016
Sample ID Result Unit
MW-1 Barium, total 1/07/16 179 0.01 100 700 1300
MW-1 Zinc, total 1/07/16 29 0.2 10 1000 5000
MW-3 Zinc, total 1/07/16 27 0.2 10 1000 5000
MW-6 Zinc, total 1/07/16 14 0.2 10 1000 5000
MW-9 Zinc, total 1/07/16 31 0.2 10 1000 5000
MW-9 Barium, total 1/07/16 212 0.01 100 700 1300
MW-11 Zinc, total 1/07/16 10 0.2 10 1000 5000
MW-12 Barium, total 1/07/16 121 0.01 100 700 1300
1 Table contains constituents detected at or above SWSL, 2L, 2B, GWP or MCL
A definitive source of the detection was not determined as part of this report. Preliminary cause only listed pursuant to instructions
BOLD = Concentration > 2L, 2B, GWP or MCL Standard
Parameter Name 1 Sample
Date MDL 2 SWSL 3 2L 4 2B 5 GWP 6 MCL 7 Preliminary
Cause 8
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
2 MDL = Method Detection Limit
3 SWSL = Solid Waste Section Reporting Limit
4 2L = North Carolina 15A NCAC 2L Groundwater Quality Standard
5 2B = North Carolina 15 NCAC 2B Surface Water Quality Standard for this Specific Stream Classification
6 GWP = Groundwater Protection Standard
7 MCL = Primary Drinking Water Standard (not currently applicable for regulatory comparisons)
8 Preliminary Cause = Refers to a preliminary analysis of the cause and/or source of a detection over the respective 2L/2B Standard.
Lenoir County Active C&D and Closed MSWLF Page 1 of 1
Table 4
Detections Above MDL (Appendix II Exclusive)
January 7, 2016
Result Unit
MW-9 Mercury, total 1/7/16 1.2 0.05 0.2 1 2
MW-11 Mercury, total 1/7/16 0.74 0.05 0.2 1 2
A definitive source of the detection was not determined as part of this report.
Sample
ID Parameter Name 1 Sample
Date MDL 2 SWSL 3 2L 4 GWP 5 MCL 6 Preliminary
Cause 7
ug/l
ug/l
1 Table contains detected App II exclusive constituents (Not also included on App I list)
2 MDL = Method Detection Limit
3 SWSL = Solid Waste Section Reporting Limit
4 2L = North Carolina 15A NCAC 2L Groundwater Quality Standard
5 GWP = Groundwater Protection Standard
6 MCL = Primary Drinking Water Standard (not currently applicable for regulatory comparisons)
7 Preliminary Cause = Refers to a preliminary analysis of the cause and/or source of a detection over the respective 2L/2B Standard.
BOLD = Concentration >2L, GWP or MCL Standard
Lenoir County Active C&D and Closed MSWLF Page 1 of 1
Table 5
January 7, 2016
MW-1 4.30E-04 20 0.012 27 N36E 13.75 84.59 Silty Sand
MW-3 1.30E-04 20 0.009 6 N43E 4.64 59.23 Silty Sand
MW-4 5.40E-04 20 0.014 40 N38E 4.03 64.00 Silty Sand
MW-6 --0.014 -N08E 7.30 78.26 Silty Sand
MW-9 3.80E-04 20 0.005 10 N19E 5.10 57.30 Sandy Clay
MW-11 6.59E-04 20 0.039 133 N24W 11.17 67.09 Sand
MW-12 2.10E-04 20 0.050 55 N11W 14.30 63.16 Sand
Minimum 1.30E-04 20 0.005 6 -4.03 57.30 -
Average 3.91E-04 20 0.021 45 -8.61 67.66 -
Maximum 6.59E-04 20 0.050 133 -14.30 84.59 -
NOTE:1.Hydraulic conductivity (K) values for MW-1, MW-3, MW-4 and MW-9 were obtained from GAI Consultants (June 1996).
K values for MW-11 and MW-12 were based on slug test results conducted by MESCO in July 1999.
2.Water levels were measured prior to sampling by Environment 1, Inc. on January 7, 2016.
Linear velocity rate (Q) is was calculated via modified Darcy's equation:
where
K = hydraulic conductivity
Hydrologic Properties at Monitoring Well Locations
Monitoring
Well
Hydraulic
Conductivity
(cm/sec)
Effective
Porosity
(%)
Hydraulic
Gradient
(ft/ft)
Linear
Velocity
(ft/yr)
Flow
Direction
Depth to
Groundwater
(ft btoc)
Groundwater
Potentiometric
Elevation
(ft amsl)
Screened
Interval
Lithology
ne = effective porosity
dh = head difference
dl = horizontal distance
dl
dh
n
KQ
e
-=
Lenoir County Active C&D and Closed MSWLF Page 1 of 1
Table 6
MNA Parameter Summary
January 7, 2016
Parameters Method MDL*Units
MW-1 MW-3 MW-4 MW-6 MW-9 MW-11 MW-12
1/7/16 1/7/16 1/7/16 1/7/16 1/7/16 1/7/16 1/7/16
VFA – Acetic Acid AM23G 6 16j 22j 32j 15j 31j 40j 62j
AM23G 5 <5 <5 9.9j <5 280 9.3j 8.1j
AM23G 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
AM23G 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10
AM23G 12 <12 <12 <12 <12 <12 <12 <12
VFA – Lactic Acid AM23G 3 14j 76j 14j 11j 12j 6.1j 34j
AM23G 6 <6 <6 <6 <6 <6 <6 <6
AM23G 1 1.5j 1.8j 2.1j 1.5j 2.5j 3j 4.4j
AM23G 12 <12 <12 <12 <12 <12 <12 <12
Hydrogen AM20GAX 0.09 3.7 3.1 3.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 3.4
Methane AM20GAX 0.01 230 6.5 1300 1800 410 660 74
AM20GAX 0 0.02 0.0082j 0.0042j 0.0094j 0.05 0.05 0.05
Ethane AM20GAX 0 0.03 0.0022j 0.0097j 0.08 0.0096j 0.05 0.0094j
CO2-Dissolved 4500CO2C 1000 20000 22000 75000 85000 57000 8000 55000
Alkalinity 2320B-97 1000 <1000 7000 19000 91000 <1000 <1000 2000
Sulfate 4500SO42E97 5000 6500j 6300j 8400j 21900j 15700j 7000j 32600j
Sulfide 4500S2D-00 100 <100 <100 106j <100 <100 <100 <100
Chloride 4500CLB-97 5000 13000 <5000 <5000 <5000 48000 8000 44000
TOC 5310C-00 85 <85 1270 7280 2580 3080 <85 18800
COD H8000-79 20000 <20000 <20000 26000 <20000 <20000 <20000 50000
BOD 5210B-01 2000 <2000 <2000 <2000 3500 <2000 <2000 <2000
Iron, total 3111B-99 8.64 121j 10637 13661 19526 449 26j 120j
Iron, Ferrous 3500F5403-EB-97 50 <50 <50 8300 16620 <50 <50 <50
Nitrate 353.2 R2-93 40 13960 130j <40 <40 4660j 1640j <40
Temperature 2550B-00 0 C 16 13 14 15 16 15 16
ORP 2580B -999 89 121 101 55 119 96 89
DO 4500OG-01 100 2220 2560 1870 1420 1290 4310 2390
pH 4500HB-00 0 SU 4.3 5.5 5.5 6.1 4.4 4.8 4.6
Specific Conductance 2510B-97 1 194 50 105 276 62 280 280
Turbidity 2130B-01 1 NTU 2.48 61.8 17.3 6.77 4.44 <1 <1
Notes:
VFA = Volatile Fatty Acids
MDL* = Lowest Method Detection Limit for Lab Parameters or Lowest Field Measurement Possible
Constituents Below Quantization Limit are shown as <MDL value
j = The reported value is between the laboratory method detection limit (MDL) and the laboratory method reporting limit (MRL),
Adjusted for actual sample preparation data and moisture content, where applicable.
ug/L
VFA – Butyric Acid ug/L
VFA – Hexanoic Acid ug/L
VFA – i-Hexanoic Acid ug/L
VFA – i-Pentanoic Acid ug/L
ug/L
VFA – Pentaonic Acid ug/L
VFA – Propionic Acid ug/L
VFA – Pyruvic Acid ug/L
nM
ug/L
Ethene ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
mV
ug/L
uMhos
Appendix A
Laboratory Analysis Report
Field Analysis Report
Chains of Custody