5002_JacksonCountyMSWLF_LFGMP_DIN27832_20170518

May 2017
Jackson County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Prepared for Jackson County Solid Waste Department

Project Number: C61480-01.01
P:\Jackson County\Dillsboro LFG\Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan\2017 LFG Monitoring Plan.docx
May 2017
Jackson County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Prepared for
Jackson County Solid Waste Department
401 Grindstaff Cove Rd.
Sylva, North Carolina 28779
Prepared by
Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC
231 Haywood Street
Asheville, North Carolina 28801

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan i May 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1
2 Plan Implementation ................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Subsurface Monitoring ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Indoor Structure Air Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Landfill Gas Extraction System ....................................................................................................................... 4
3 Methane Detection Procedures ............................................................................................. 5
4 References ................................................................................................................................... 6

TABLES
Table 1 Gas Probe Construction Details
FIGURES
Figure 1 Gas Probe Location Map
Figure 2 Methane Monitoring Locations – County Transit Office
Figure 3 Methane Monitoring Locations – Green Energy Park Buildings

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan 1 May 2017
1 Introduction
Prior to the installation and operation of the landfill gas extraction system, there was periodic
migration of landfill gas (LFG) from the closed Jackson County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
(MSWLF, Site) in Dillsboro to subsurface soils near properties adjacent to the MSWLF. LFG can
accumulate in enclosed structures until it reaches explosive concentrations, at which time an ignition
source (e.g., flame, cigarette, electric heater, etc.) can trigger an explosion. Therefore, to ensure
protection of workers and properties surrounding the MSWLF, an LFG monitoring plan has been
implemented.
This document has been prepared by Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC (Anchor QEA), on behalf
of Jackson County, to provide County workers with a concise, readily available source of information
about LFG, the methane monitoring program, and actions to take in the event of methane detection.
A copy of this document shall be kept on file in all County buildings adjacent to the MSWLF.
LFG is generated within landfills by natural biological degradation processes. LFG is typically
composed of about 55 percent methane and 45 percent carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a
non-hazardous gas present in the atmosphere. Methane is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic gas that
can be explosive if it accumulates in a confined space at concentrations between 5 and 15 percent.
Five percent methane is the lower explosive limit (LEL) – the lowest concentration of methane that is
explosive. Fifteen percent methane is the upper explosive limit (UEL) – the highest concentration of
methane that is explosive. While concentrations of methane greater than 15 percent are not
explosive, high concentrations of LFG will displace air and can cause an oxygen-deficient
atmosphere.
The original Methane Monitoring and Response Plan, developed in 2003 by Altamont Environmental,
Inc. (Altamont), which became Anchor QEA on December 29, 2016, included the use of two
permanently installed wall-mounted automatic methane alarms in the County Maintenance Building.
These alarms provided continuous monitoring for methane. Since the implementation of the
Methane Monitoring and Response Plan in January 2003 and the installation of the landfill gas
extraction system in February 2006, the following has been observed:
• A continued decrease in the measured concentrations of methane in gas probes
• No measurable methane concentrations within the County Maintenance Building using an
organic vapor analyzer with a flame ionization detector
• No reported triggering of the automatic methane alarms
Based upon these observations, a written request to discontinue the use of the automatic alarms and
modify the current Methane Monitoring and Response Plan was submitted to the North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR, now known as the North Carolina

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan 2 May 2017
Department of Environmental Quality [DEQ]), Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section on
March 31, 2008.
This LFG Monitoring Plan is a modification of the prior Methane Monitoring and Response Plan, which
focused specifically on the County Maintenance Building (now the County Transit Office). This plan
outlines a site-wide landfill gas monitoring program and is consistent with current site conditions
and monitoring practices.

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan 3 May 2017
2 Plan Implementation
Anchor QEA has primary responsibility for performing quarterly monitoring of subsurface monitoring
points and indoor-structure ambient air concentrations. Quarterly monitoring events will occur
during the months of February, May, August, and November. Anchor QEA will provide the County a
brief report summarizing landfill gas and ambient air monitoring results, as well as general site
conditions that relate to the landfill gas monitoring network. The County will keep a record of all
landfill gas summary reports provided by Anchor QEA in the event that the DEQ requests to review
them.
2.1 Subsurface Monitoring
The 28 currently monitored subsurface points (known as gas probes) are shown on Figure 1. Gas
probe construction details are attached as Table 1. During each quarterly monitoring event, landfill
gas concentrations will be recorded, incorporated into the operating record for the landfill, and
maintained by Anchor QEA within a database. Per the North Carolina Administrative Code Title 15A
Section 13B .1626 (15A NCAC 13B .1626), the concentration of methane gas must not exceed the LEL
(5 percent by volume) at the facility property boundary. If methane is detected above the LEL in a gas
probe, the County and the DEQ will be notified. Gas probe identification names are as follows:
GP-01A GP-02 GP-03 GP-04 GP-05 GP-06 GP-07
GP-08 GP-09 GP-10 GP-10s GP-11s GP-11i GP-11d
GP-12s GP-12i GP-12d GP-12d1 GP-13s GP-13d GP-14s
GP-14d GP-15s GP-15i GP-15d GP-17 GP-18 GP-19

Subsurface monitoring will be performed with a Landtec Gas Extraction Monitor (GEM) three-gas
meter. During subsurface monitoring, the GEM is attached to each gas probe via polyethylene
tubing, the gas probe valve is opened, and the internal vacuum pump is initiated. Each gas probe will
be purged of air and analyzed for a minimum of 30-seconds prior to storing a gas reading. Probes
will be purged until the gas concentrations displayed by the GEM stabilize. Each stored gas reading
will consist of percent-volume measurements of methane (with calculated LEL), carbon dioxide,
oxygen, and balance (the remaining gases extracted from the probe). A pressure regulator is placed
in line with the GEM’s tubing to monitor and record if there are positive or negative pressure
conditions at each probe.
2.2 Indoor Structure Air Monitoring
Anchor QEA will perform the quarterly screening of structures near the landfill for methane using an
intrinsically safe flame-ionization detector (FID), as well as a photo-ionization detector (PID). The FID
can detect methane at a concentration of approximately one part per million. The FID will be used

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan 4 May 2017
with a carbon filter, which filters out hydrocarbons leaving methane for measurement. The FID is
typically more sensitive than LFG meters by approximately three orders of magnitude. During
monitoring events, attention will be given to cracks or joints in the floor slab and walls, conduit
openings, etc.
Locations and concentrations of methane detections will be documented and included in the
operating record for the landfill. Per 15A NCAC 13B .1626 (4)(a)(i), if concentrations of methane in
the building exceed 25 percent of the LEL (or 12,500 ppm as measured by the FID), Anchor QEA will
advise the County to take specific appropriate actions. Figures 2 and 3 show monitoring locations
inside the County Transit Office and Green Energy Park Buildings, respectively.
2.3 Landfill Gas Extraction System
The County maintains a landfill gas extraction system, which was installed in 2006. Landfill gas is
extracted from 10 gas extraction wells installed in the MSWLF and then transferred to the Green
Energy Park, where landfill gas is used to supply heat to buildings, glass blowing furnaces, and metal
working furnaces. Excess gas that is not used by the Green Energy Park will be burned off by the
extraction system flare. The flare will be active at all times, except in the case of system maintenance,
to help prevent off-Site migration.

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan 5 May 2017
3 Methane Detection Procedures
If methane is detected at or above 1.25 percent (or 25 percent of the LEL) during methane screening
events inside structures, the following steps should be taken immediately:
1. Notify the Sylva Fire Department by dialing [phone] or 911. Provide the location (Jackson
County Transit Office, 1148 Haywood Road, Dillsboro, North Carolina) and inform the fire
department that elevated levels of methane have been detected in the building.
2. Open all exterior doors to provide additional ventilation.
3. Evacuate the premises by walking up to the covered area adjacent to the Green Energy Park
Building and wait there until the fire department has arrived and cleared the building for
re-entry.
4. Eliminate all potential sources of ignition. Turn off engines, lights, heaters, etc., and refrain from
smoking.
During regular business hours, make the following telephone notifications:
• Chad Parker, Jackson County Solid Waste Director, [phone]; or Don Adams, County
Manager, [phone]
• Brian Gant, Anchor QEA, [phone]

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan 6 May 2017
4 References
Altamont (Altamont Environmental, Inc.), 2008. Methane Monitoring and Response Plan, July 10, 2008.

Tables
Table 1
Gas Probe Construction Details
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Jackson County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
May 2017
Page 1 of 1
Location
Total Well
Depth (feet
bgs)
Casing
stickup
(feet)
Screen
Length
(feet)
Casing
Diameter
(inches)
Depth to
Water (feet
from TOC)
Ground
Surface
Elevation
(feet)
Elevation
of Top of
Casing
(feet)
Ground-
water
Elevation
(feet)
Elevation of
Top of
Screen (feet)
Elevation of
Bottom of
Screen (feet)
GP-1A 4.45 0.55 2 1 Dry 2134.00 2134.55 NA 2132.10 2130.10
GP-2 3.50 0.50 2 1 Dry 2184.42 2184.92 NA 2183.42 2181.42
GP-3 4.52 0.65 2 1 Dry 2155.07 2155.72 NA 2153.20 2151.20
GP-4 3.03 1.30 2 1 Dry 2173.60 2174.90 NA 2173.87 2171.87
GP-5 5.38 0.40 2 1 Dry 2057.12 2057.52 NA 2054.14 2052.14
GP-6 3.25 0.90 2 1 Dry 2019.96 2020.86 NA 2019.61 2017.61
GP-7 4.38 1.36 2 1 Dry 2026.30 2027.66 NA 2025.28 2023.28
GP-8 3.48 0.20 2 1 Dry 2036.56 2036.76 NA 2035.28 2033.28
GP-9 4.90 0.20 2 1 Dry 2042.11 2042.31 NA 2039.41 2037.41
GP-10 21.40 3.40 2 1 Dry 2062.01 2065.41 NA 2046.01 2044.01
GP-10S 20 0 15 1 Dry 2062 2062.00 NA 2057 2042
GP-11S 7.30 3.35 2 1 Dry 2174.80 2178.15 NA 2172.85 2170.85
GP-11I 28.93 3.32 2 1 Dry 2173.90 2177.22 NA 2150.29 2148.29
GP-11D 59.07 3.53 2 1 Dry 2174.28 2177.81 NA 2120.74 2118.74
GP-12S 7 -0.19 2 1 Dry 2130.17 2129.98 NA 2124.98 2122.98
GP-12I 30 0 20 1 Dry 2130.00 2130.00 NA 2120.00 2100.00
GP-12d1 33.8 -0.30 2 1 Dry 2129.20 2128.90 NA 2097.10 2095.10
GP-12d 55 0 20 1 43.65 2130.00 2130.00 NA 2095.00 2075.00
GP-13S 7 3.51 2 1 Dry 2089.21 2092.72 NA 2087.72 2085.72
GP-13I Out of Commission
GP-13D 35.1 3.24 10 1 33.70 2089.23 2092.47 2058.77 2067.37 2057.37
GP-14S 7 1.50 2 1 Dry 2023.51 2025.01 NA 2020.01 2018.01
GP-14D 24.2 3.48 10 1 Dry 2023.21 2026.69 NA 2012.49 2002.49
GP-15S 10.4 3.31 2 1 Dry 2023.40 2026.71 NA 2018.31 2016.31
GP-15I 35 0 20 1 Dry 2023 2023.00 NA 2008.00 1988.00
GP-15D 49.8 3.21 10 1 Dry 2023.58 2026.79 NA 1986.99 1976.99
GP-16S Out of Commission
GP-16D Out of Commission
GP-17 Unknown
GP-18 Unknown
GP-19 4.7 2.15 2 1 Dry 2110 2112 NA 2109.45 2107.45
Notes:
Elevations with no decimals are estimated. Elevations with two decimals are surveyed.
Depth to water was measured on November 19, 2002, except MW-02 measured October 9, 2002.
Shaded rows indicate probes installed in October 2002.
NA = not applicable
TOC = top of casing

Figures
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Flow Direction
County Transit Office
Green Energy Park
TUNNEL MOUNTAIN RD
F U G I T I V E R U N H A R M O N Y H L
J O E W I L K E Y R D
H
AY
W
O
O
D R
D
F U G I T I V E R U N
G R E E N E N E R G Y P A R K R D
JOE WILKEY RD
GP-02
GP-01A
GP-08
GP-09
GP-05
GP-06
GP-07
GP-15D,GP-15S,
GP-15I
GP-14S
GP-14D
GP-12S, 12D,12I, 12D1
GP-11S
GP-11I
GP-11D
GP-19
GP-03
GP-04
GP-13D
GP-13S
GP-10S GP-10
GP-17
GP-18
2040
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2 2 2 0
20202
1
8
0
2080
2
1
6
0
2
1
4
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0
2180
2 1 8 0
2120
2 1 60
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2140
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0
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2040
2020
1980
1960
2140
1960
1980
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2100
220 0
2000
2000
Tuckasegee River
Tuckasegee River
Bulla
Wilkey
Wilkey
Wilkey
Connor
Figure 1Gas Probe Location Map
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Jackson County Closed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, Dillsboro, North Carolina
[
0 350175
Feet
Publish Date: 2017/05/11, 3:43 PM | User: alesueurFilepath: P:\Jackson County\Dillsboro GIS\MXD\2017\Figure 1 - Methane Monitoring Locations.mxd
LEGEND:
@?Gas Probe Location
!A Landfill Gas
Extraction Well
Parcel Boundaries
Stream
Road
Elevation Contours(20ft Interval)
NOTE(S):1. Gas Probe locations areapproximate as indicatedon map.
SOURCE(S):Basemap: NC OneMap2015Roads and Streams: JacksonCounty GISContours: NCDOT Lidar2007
Anchor QEA of North Carolina, PLLC
Publish Date: 2017/02/22 4:03 PM | User: cpatterson
Filepath: P:\Jackson County\Dillsboro LFG\Figures\CAD\LFG Monitoring Locations.dwg AQ-A-Portrait
SOURCE: Drawing prepared based on visual inspection
during site visit.
NOTES:
1. This figure is for informational purposes and is not
intended to serve as an evacuation plan.
2. Numbers indicate monitoring locations.
NOT TO SCALE
Figure 2
Methane Monitoring Locations
County Transit Office
Jackson County, Dillsboro, North Carolina
SOURCE: Drawing prepared based on visual inspection during site visit.
NOTES:
1. This figure is for informational purposes and is not intended to serve as
an evacuation plan.
2. Numbers indicate monitoring locations.
NOT TO SCALE
Publish Date: 2017/02/22 4:02 PM | User: cpatterson
Filepath: P:\Jackson County\Dillsboro LFG\Figures\CAD\Green Energy Park Bldg LFG Monitoring Locations.dwg AQ-A-Land
Figure 3
Methane Monitoring Locations
Green Energy Park Buildings
Jackson County, Dillsboro, North Carolina