4103_GreensboroMSWLF_GWRM_DIN27821_20160926

White Street Landfill - Phase I
Permit # 41-03
Post-Closure Monitoring
September 2016
Greensboro North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
Prepared for:
The City of Greensboro
Prepared by:
S&ME, Inc.
8646 W Market St, Suite 105
Greensboro, NC 27409
January 11, 2017
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 11, 2017 ii
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary...............................................................................................1
2.0 Introduction............................................................................................................1
3.0 Scope Of Work.......................................................................................................2
4.0 Methods Employed...............................................................................................2
4.1 Monitoring Well Sampling..............................................................................................2
4.2 Stream Sampling...............................................................................................................3
5.0 Results......................................................................................................................4
5.1 Groundwater Analytical Results....................................................................................4
5.2 Groundwater Flow Direction..........................................................................................4
5.3 Surface Water....................................................................................................................4
5.4 Quality Assurance............................................................................................................5
6.0 References...............................................................................................................5
7.0 Certification............................................................................................................6
TABLES
Table 1:Well Construction and Groundwater Elevation Data
Table 2:Summary of Groundwater Sampling Field Parameters
Table 3:Summary of Groundwater Analytical Results - Detections
Table 4:Summary of Groundwater Standard Exceedances
Table 5:Summary of Surface Water Analytical Results - Detections
Table 6:Summary of 2B Surface Water Standard - Exceedances
FIGURES
Figure 1:Groundwater Flow Map
Figure 2:Stream Sample Location
APPENDICES
Appendix I: Groundwater Sampling Field Data Sheets
Appendix II: Laboratory Analytical Reports
Appendix III: NCDEQ EDDs (CD only)
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 11, 2017 1
1.0 Executive Summary
Five monitoring wells and five stream locations at Phase I of the White Street Landfill were sampled
between September 26 and September 28, 2016. Five wells (I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4 and MW-13) comprise the
groundwater monitoring system for the closed Phase I unit at the White Street Landfill facility. Monitoring
well MW-13 serves as a background well for both the Phase I and the Phase II areas. The sampling was
conducted according to North Carolina Solid Waste Management Guidelines and samples were analyzed
by a North Carolina certified laboratory.
Analytical results from the four Phase I monitoring wells indicate that the following NCAC 2L groundwater
quality standards were exceeded.
♦Benzene was detected at 4.3 µg/L at well I-1, this concentration exceeds the 15A NCAC 2L
groundwater standard (2L Standard) of 1 µg/L.
♦Vinyl Chloride was detected at an estimated concentration of 0.52J µg/L at well I-3, this
concentration exceeds the 2L Standard of 0.03 µg/L.
With regards to surface water sampling, chloroform, toluene, and acetone were detected. Inorganic
constituents (total metals) were detected at each sampled location. Analytical results for surface water
samples collected up-stream of the White Street Landfill exhibited concentrations of certain metals.
Sample collected down-stream were reported to contain similar metals, with concentrations generally
lower than those reported for the up-stream samples. In view of this and prior surface water and
groundwater monitoring data, the closed Phase I landfill is not considered to be the source of these
constituents. Furthermore, no reported concentrations were greater than the corresponding NCAC 2B
surface water standards for Water Supply.
It is believed that the cause of the benzene and vinyl chloride 2L Standard exceedances within the
hydrogeologic regime at Phase I is from percolation of landfill constituents from the waste management
unit into the uppermost groundwater aquifer. Analytical results for the samples obtained from
monitoring wells I-1 and I-3 report apparent 2L Standard exceedances. These wells are located less than
100 feet from the limit of waste and between the limits of waste and the compliance boundary. The City
of Greensboro believes that Phase I of the White Street Landfill was closed prior to January 1, 1983, and as
such, assessment and cleanup of this landfill unit should fall under jurisdiction of the NCDEQ Inactive
Hazardous Sites program Pre-Regulatory Landfill Unit, for “orphan landfills.”
2.0 Introduction
White Street Landfill is a Solid Waste Management Facility (SWMF) located at the north end of White
Street in northeastern Greensboro. S&ME, Inc. (S&ME) was contracted by the City of Greensboro to
complete this water quality monitoring event. Phase I of the landfill is a closed unit, reportedly covered
by Solid Waste Permit #41-03, which also covers Phase II of the Facility.Figure 1 is a map showing the
monitor well locations. One up-gradient and four down-gradient monitoring wells located along the
perimeter of the closed Phase I disposal area were sampled. Five surface water samples were collected
from North Buffalo Creek and one of its tributaries in the vicinity of the White Street facility. Phase I
shares the surface water sampling locations with adjacent Phase II.
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 11, 2017 2
The samples collected from Phase I monitoring wells I-1, I-2, I-3, and I-4, were analyzed for Appendix I
volatile organic constituents and the eight RCRA metals. Since background monitoring well MW-13 is
shared with Phase II, the collected sample was analyzed for Appendix I constituents. This report discusses
the field procedures, summarizes the field measurements and analytical results for the post-closure
monitoring event completed during September 2016.
3.0 Scope Of Work
To complete the scope of work, S&ME completed the following tasks:
♦Sampled four monitoring wells and five surface water locations.
♦Obtained field values for pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-
reduction potential (ORP), and turbidity at each sampled monitoring well location.
♦Depth to water measurements were collected prior to sampling and during well purging to
monitor drawdown.
♦Groundwater samples I-1, I-2, I-3, and I-4, were analyzed for Appendix I organic constituents and
8-RCRA metals by a North Carolina certified laboratory, using State approved methods.
♦Groundwater sample MW-13 was analyzed for Appendix I constituents by a North Carolina
certified laboratory, using State approved methods.
♦Surface water samples SW-1, SW-2, SW-3, SW-4 and SW-5 were analyzed for Appendix I
constituents by a North Carolina certified laboratory, using State approved methods.
♦Estimated groundwater flow directions for the Phase I area.
♦Prepared and submitted this Post-Closure Monitoring Report to the City of Greensboro and the
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ).
4.0 Methods Employed
4.1 Monitoring Well Sampling
Phase I groundwater monitoring well sampling took place on September 28, 2016, with shared
background monitoring well MW-13 sampled on September 27, 2016. The monitoring well locations are
shown on Figure 1. A representative from S&ME opened each well and measured the static water level
from the top edge of the PVC casing in wells. The total well depth sounding data reported for the
sampling events completed during September 1997 and May 1998 were used to determine the volume of
water in wells I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4 and MW-13, where dedicated MicroPurge™pumps had been previously
installed.Table 1 provides a summary of relevant well construction details.
In accordance with the facility's approved Water Quality Monitoring Plan, each well was purged using the
dedicated MicroPurge™pumps using compressed air. At each well, the purge rate and the drawdown of
the water table were monitored as an indicator of how much stress the purging placed on the aquifer.
The purge rates were calculated by recording the time required to fill a graduated cylinder. The purging
flow rates varied but were approximately 100 milliliters/minute (ml/min.). During purging, the depth to
water was periodically monitored and recorded on the groundwater sampling field data sheets.
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 11, 2017 3
It is our opinion that the observed drawdowns were generally minor during purging; therefore, the
stresses placed on the aquifer should have been insignificant. The observed drawdown data suggests that
the purging rates should have been low enough such that recharge water should not have been overly
agitated, reducing the potential for colloids to be drawn into the well bore.
The purge water from each of these wells was monitored for pH, temperature, conductivity, DO, ORP and
turbidity. The time interval between measurements approximated one equipment volume, at a minimum.
Sample collection commenced when the changes in those readings fluctuated no more than 10 percent
and utilizing a turbidity goal of 10 NTU, or less. Despite the use of low flow methods, turbidity values
remain higher than ideal during the purging of wells I-2 and I-4; therefore, samples were collected
without meeting the turbidity goal, relying upon professional judgement. The field data collected during
sampling was recorded on the groundwater sampling field data sheets, included in Appendix I.Table 2
provides a summary of the field data collected during this event.
Groundwater samples were collected from dedicated pump discharge Teflon tubing at the top of each
well. Immediately upon collection, each sample was placed in laboratory supplied containers and placed
in a cooler with ice. The sampler wore nitrile gloves that were changed between wells to reduce the
possibility of cross contamination. Upon collection, the groundwater samples were maintained under
chain-of custody.
Phase I monitoring well samples I-1, I-2, I-3 and I-4 were analyzed for Appendix I volatile organic
constituents and the eight RCRA metals. Since background well MW-13 is shared with Phase II, the
collected sample was analyzed for Appendix I constituents. Analyses were conducted by Environmental
Conservation Laboratories, a North Carolina certified laboratory.
4.2 Stream Sampling
Surface water sampling took place on September 26, 2016. Surface water SW-1 was collected from North
Buffalo Creek on the west side of the U.S. Highway 29 bridge upstream of the landfill. Surface water SW-2
was collected from a southern tributary of North Buffalo Creek just before it joins the main creek west of
the landfill entrance. SW-3 was collected from North Buffalo Creek downstream of the North Buffalo
Wastewater Treatment Plant outfall and upstream of the landfill. SW-4 was collected from North Buffalo
Creek downstream of the landfill at a USGS gauging station located on North Buffalo Creek about three-
quarters of a mile north of the landfill. SW-5 was collected from North Buffalo Creek immediately
downstream of the Phase I and II landfill disposal areas. The locations are shown in Figure 2.
The surface water samples were collected by immersing laboratory supplied containers in the water to be
sampled. After collection, the surface water samples were placed in a cooler with ice and placed under
chain-of-custody. Each surface water sample was analyzed for Appendix I inorganic and volatile organic
constituents by Environmental Conservation Laboratories; a North Carolina certified laboratory.
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 11, 2017 4
5.0 Results
5.1 Groundwater Analytical Results
Table 3 provides a summary of the constituent concentrations reported above the method detection limit
(MDL) for the groundwater samples collected. Concentrations reported between the MDL and the Solid
Waste Section Limits (SWSL) are considered estimated, thus shown as a “J” flagged concentration.Table
4 provides a summary of the reported concentrations which exceed the 15A NCAC 2L Standards (2L
Standard). For some constituents where there is no established 2L Standard, North Carolina has
published Interim Maximum Allowable Concentrations (IMACs). The IMAC values are intended to help
NCDEQ in assessing conditions and setting health protective groundwater levels at regulated sites. As
such the IMAC are only interim and not final groundwater quality standards. The following summarizes
the exceedances of the corresponding 2L Standard or IMAC.
♦At well I-1, benzene was detected at 4.3 µg/L, which exceeds the 2L Standard of 1 µg/L.
♦At well I-3, vinyl chloride was detected at an estimated concentration of 0.52 µg/L, which exceeds
the 2L Standard of 0.03 µg/L.
The complete laboratory analytical reports are included in Appendix II. Analytical results in the NCDEQ
EDD format are contained in Appendix III (CD only).
5.2 Groundwater Flow Direction
The static water levels in the four Phase I monitoring wells were measured on September 28, 2016, while
background monitoring well MW-13 was measured on September 27, 2016. The depths to the water for
the Phase I compliance wells ranged from 5.07 to 15.49 feet below the top of well casings on these dates.
Groundwater and well casing elevation data are presented in Table 1. A groundwater contour map
constructed using the data collected during this monitoring event is presented as Figure 1. The
groundwater elevation data collected during this monitoring event indicates that the groundwater
beneath Phase I generally flows to the north toward Buffalo Creek.
5.3 Surface Water
Table 5 provides a summary of the constituent concentrations reported above the MDL for the surface
water samples collected. Concentrations reported between the MDL and the SWSL are considered
estimated, thus shown as a “J” flagged concentration.Table 6 provides a summary of the reported
concentrations which exceed the corresponding 15A NCAC 2B Standard (2B Standard) for Water Supply.
The following summarizes the exceedances of the 2B Standards. The complete laboratory analytical report
is included in Appendix II.
♦No target constituents were detected above the 2B Standards during the September 2016
sampling event, except for copper.
The copper concentrations upstream of the facility were similar to those detected down-stream.
Immediate upstream sources include a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Similar constituents were
detected up-stream of the facility and down-stream, with constituent concentrations for the up-stream
samples generally equal to those reported for down-stream sample locations. Based on the surface water
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 11, 2017 5
analytical data obtained, this closed landfill is not believed to be the source of the apparent copper 2B
Standard exceedance.
5.4 Quality Assurance
A qualitative review of the data was performed to verify that the detected concentrations in the laboratory
report were of known quality. A formal, quantitative data validation was not performed. Laboratory-
assigned data qualifiers were evaluated to verify that rejected or unsupportable data were not included in
the dataset. Quality control data provided in the laboratory reports were also reviewed. No rejected or
otherwise unacceptable quality data were reported from the laboratory.
The monitoring wells in Phase I were sampled using dedicated micro-purge pumps. Therefore, no
equipment rinse samples were collected for analysis for data quality control. Trip blank samples
accompanied the sample bottles from the time they left the laboratory until they returned. The trip blank
samples were analyzed for Appendix I volatile organic constituents. No volatile organic constituents were
present in the trip blank samples at detectable levels. Laboratory QC samples were analyzed for all
constituents included in this sampling event. The results of the trip blank and laboratory QC sample
analyses are included in Appendix II.
6.0 References
Fetter, C. W., 1988, Applied Hydrogeology, New York; Macmillian Publishing Company, 1988, 592 pp.
North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A, Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental Management, Subchapter 2L, Classifications and Water Quality Standards
Applicable to the Groundwaters of North Carolina, Sections .0100, .0200, and .0300; from the
Environmental Management Commission Raleigh, North Carolina.
North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A, Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources,
Division of Environmental Management, Subchapter 2B, Classifications and Water Quality Standards
Applicable to the Surface Waters of North Carolina, Section .0200; from the Environmental Management
Commission, Raleigh, North Carolina.
North Carolina Administrative Code, Title 15A, Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources,
Division of Solid Waste Management, subchapter 13B, Solid Waste Management, Section .1600.
White Street Landfill – Phase I
Post-Closure Monitoring Report
Greensboro, North Carolina
S&ME Project No. 1584-98-081C
January 11, 2017 6
7.0 Certification
I hereby certify this 11
th day of January 2017 that this report was prepared by me or under my direct
supervision.
______________________________
Edmund Q.B. Henriques, L.G.
Senior Geologist / Project Manager
Technical support provided by:
______________________________
B. Summers Long
Staff Professional
TABLE 1
WELL CONSTRUCTION AND GROUNDWATER ELEVATION DATA
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
Well ID
Date
Installed
Total
Depth
Well
Diameter
Depth to
Top of
Screen
Well
Screen
Interval
Geology of Screened
Interval Northing Easting
Ground
Elevation
Top of
Casing
Elevation
Depth to
Groundwater1
Groundwater
Elevation
NAD 83 NAD 83 NAVD 88 NAVD 88 Sep-16 Sep-16
(feet)(inches)(feet)(feet bgs)(feet msl.)(feet msl.)(feet)(feet msl.)
I-1 7/14/1989 24 2 14 14 - 24 partially weather rock 1785583.98 859726.77 not measured 713.75 10.88 702.87
I-2 7/14/1989 24 2 14 14 - 24 sandy silt 1785319.23 860640.98 not measured 703.09 5.41 697.68
I-3 7/14/1989 24 2 14 14 - 24 sandy silt 1785334.06 861315.16 not measured 707.43 15.49 691.94
I-4 7/14/1989 15 2 5 5 -15 sandy silt saprolite 1786167.37 861969.09 not measured 694.94 5.07 689.87
MW-13 7/14/1989 34 2 19 19-34 sandy silt saprolite 1783188.52 858763.91 not measured 741.24 20.21 721.03
City of Greensboro provided the top of casing elevations and ground surface elevations
Well Construction details obtained from Well Construction Records reported by BPA Environmental & Engineering, Inc.
feet bgs. = feet below ground surface
feet msl. = feet mean sea level
Depth to Groundwater
1 = below top of casing
Groundwater Elevation = calculated groundwater elevation
T:\Projects\1998\ENV\081C White Street Landfill (2014)\2016 Compliance Monitoring\Fall 2016\Phase 1\Phase1_September_2016_tables.xlsx
TABLE 2
SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD PARAMETERS
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
DATE WELL WELL DEPTH TO WATER ODOR PURGE PUMP WELL EVAC PURGED TEMP pH SPECIFIC ORP DO TURBIDITY
ID DEPTH WATER ELEVATION METHOD RATE VOLUME VOLUME DRY?CONDUCTANCE
(feet)(feet)(feet)(mL/min)(gallons)(gallons)(yes/no)(deg C)(SU)(μs/cm)(mV-NHE)(mg/L)(NTU)
9/28/2016 I-1 25.00 10.88 702.87 None low flow 100 2.30 1.0 no 20.33 5.64 2.581 22 0.50 2.59
9/28/2016 I-2 21.30 5.41 697.68 None low flow 100 2.59 1.3 no 23.90 5.99 2.076 -32 0.61 38.5
9/28/2016 I-3 24.20 15.49 691.94 None low flow 100 1.42 1.3 no 20.57 6.11 2.324 20.0 0.64 1.2
9/28/2016 I-4 15.00 5.07 689.87 None low flow 100 1.62 1.2 no 21.39 6.57 1.390 -59 0.14 14.0
9/27/2016 MW-13 33.00 20.21 721.03 None low flow 100 2.19 0.8 no 18.06 6.54 0.336 42.2 4.81 21.3
Notes:
1. TEMP = groundwater temperature, measured in degrees Celsius
2. Pump Rate, measured in milliliters/minute
3. Specific Conductance, measured in μs/cm indicates micro Siemens per centimeter.
4. SU indicates Standard Units.
5. NTU indicates Nephelometric Turbidity Units.
6. ORP = Oxidation Reduction Potential, mV-NHE indicates millivolts-Normal Hydrogen Electrode.
7. EVAC = evacuated volume of groundwater
8. DO = dissolved oxygen, measured in milligrams per liter
NC SWSL NCAC 2L NCDEQ Federal
Well ID I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 Standards IMAC MCLs
Sample ID 4103-I1 4103-I2 4103-I3 4103-I4
Date Collected 09/28/16 09/28/16 09/28/16 09/28/16
Detected Analytes
(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)
75 1,1-Dichloroethane 0.86 J <0.13 2.9 J <0.13 5 6 ns ns
77 1,1-Dichloroethene <0.21 <0.21 0.80 J <0.21 10 6 ns 7
69 1,2-Dichlorobenzene <0.19 1.5 J 0.83 J <0.19 5 20 ns 600
71 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 4.7 1.6 4.2 2.7 1 6 ns 75
16 Benzene 4.3 <0.15 0.52 J <0.15 1 1 ns 5
39 Chlorobenzene 11 8.7 17 3.9 3 50 ns 100
78 cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 0.77 J <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 5 70 ns 70
211 Vinyl Chloride <0.32 <0.32 0.52 J <0.32 1 0.03 ns 2
14 Arsenic 7.07 J 9.93 J <6.80 <6.80 10 10 ns 10
15 Barium 623 532 135 628 100 700 ns 2,000
34 Cadmium <0.360 <0.360 <0.360 0.427 J 1 2 ns 5
51 Chromium <1.4 2.98 J <1.40 <1.40 1 10 ns 5
131 Lead <3.10 4.94 J <3.10 3.56 J 10 15 ns 15
µg/L =concentrations reported in micrograms per liter (ug/L)
< = concentrations is less than the method detection limit shown
NC SWSL = North Carolina Solid Waste Section Limit
J = Concentration reported greater than the method detection limit but less than the SWSL, thus it is considered estimated
NCAC 2L Standards = 15A North Carolina Administrative Code 2L .0200, GW Quality Standards for Class GA groundwater.
concentrations in bold exceed the corresponding 2L Standard
NCDEQ IMAC = Interim Maximum Allowed Concentration, NCDEQ
Federal MCL = Maximum Concentration Levels, USEPA
ns = no MCL listed, USEPA
na = not analyzed
Solid
Waste
Section
ID #
Sample Locations
8-RCRA Metals + Appendix II Metals
Appendix II Volatile Organic Compounds
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER ANALYSES RESULTS - DETECTIONS
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
TABLE 4
SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER STANDARD EXCEEDANCES
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
NCAC 2L NCDEQ Federal
Well ID I-1 I-3 Standards IMAC MCLs
Sample ID 4103-I1 4103-I3
Date Collected 09/28/16 09/28/16
Detected Analytes (µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)
Appendix I Volatile Organic Compounds
16 Benzene 4.3 1 ns 5
211 Vinyl Chloride 0.52J 0.03 ns 2
µg/L =concentrations reported in micrograms per liter (µg/L)
NC SWSL = North Carolina Solid Waste Section Limit
NCAC 2L Standards =15A North Carolina Administrative Code 2L .0200, GW Quality Standards
for Class GA groundwater.
Only concentrations greater than the NCAC 2L Standards are shown
NCDEQ IMAC = Interim Maximum Allowed Concentration, NCDEQ
Federal MCL = Maximum Concentration Levels, USEPA
ns = no MCL listed, USEPA
Solid
Waste
Section
ID #
Sample Locations
NC SWSL NCAC 2B
Sample Location SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5 Standards*
Sample ID 4103-SW1 4103-SW2 4103-SW3 4103-SW4 4103-SW5
Date Collected 09/26/16 09/26/16 09/26/16 09/26/16 09/26/16
Detected Analytes (µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)
3 Acetone <10 11 J <10 <10 11 J 100 no standard
44 Chloroform <0.18 <0.18 1.6 J <0.18 <0.19 5 no standard
196 Toluene <0.14 1.1 <0.14 <0.15 <0.16 1 11
13 Antimony <0.220 <0.220 <0.220 <0.220 0.479 J 6 no standard
15 Barium 44.8 J 52.8 J 17.6 J 27.9 J 33.9 J 100 1000
53 Cobalt <1.10 1.30 J <1.10 <1.10 <1.10 10 no standard
54 Copper 4.52 J 2.57 J 6.61 J 6.03 J 8.07 J 10 2.7
152 Nickel <2.20 <2.20 3.54 J 3.34 J 6.44 J 50 25
194 Thallium 0.190 J 0.124 J 0.205 J 0.187 J 0.316 J 5.5 no standard
209 Vanadium 1.95 J <1.40 <1.40 1.64 J 4.58 J 25 no standard
213 Zinc 5.08 J 5.21 J 20.0 16.4 27.7 10 36
J =
* = Title 15A NCAC 2B Standards for all Water Supply Classifications
µg/L = concentrations reported in micrograms per liter (µg/L)
< = concentrations is less than the method detection limit shown
NC SWSL = North Carolina Solid Waste Section Limit
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
TABLE 5
SUMMARY OF SURFACE WATER ANALYSES RESULTS - DETECTIONS
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
Concentration reported greater than the method detection limit but less than the SWSL, thus it is considered
estimated
Solid
Waste
Section
ID #
Appendix I Metals
Appendix I Volatile Organic Compounds
Sample Locations
SUMMARY OF 2B SURFACE WATER STANDARD EXCEEDANCES
PHASE 1 - PERMIT # 41-03
WHITE STREET LANDFILL
Sample Locations NC SWSL NCAC 2B
Sample Location SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5 Standards*
Sample ID 4103-SW1 4103-SW2 4103-SW3 4103-SW4 4103-SW5
Date Collected 09/26/16 09/26/16 09/26/16 09/26/16 09/26/16
Detected Analytes
(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)(µg/L)
54 Copper 4.52 J 6.61 J 6.03 J 8.07 J 10 2.7
concentrations in bold print are greater than the referenced NCAC 2B Standard
µg/L =concentrations reported in micrograms per liter (µg/L)
< =concentrations is less than the method detection limit shown
* = Title 15A NCAC 2B Standards for all Water Supply Classifications
J =
Blank cell indicates no 2B Standard exceedance detected.
Solid Waste
Section ID #
Appendix I Volatile Organic Compounds and 8-RCRA Metals
TABLE 6
Concentration reported greater than the method detection limit but less than the SWSL, thus it is considered estimated
GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
S&ME PROJECT NO. 1584-98-081C
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7
)
(6
9
7
.
6
8
)
(6
8
9
.
8
7
)
(7
0
2
.
8
7
)
(6
9
1
.
9
4
)
(7
2
1
.
0
3
)
PHASE II WHITE STREET LANDFILL GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA AS SHOWNDSB/RDMBSL 1584-98-081NOVEMBER 20162 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS 0GRAPHIC SCALE 800 400 800 SCALE: 1" = 800'

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Appendices
Appendix I – Groundwater Sampling Field Data Sheets
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
14.12 feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start 1115 Stop 1155
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On: 3.0 sec.Start 1155 Stop 1205
Off: 27.0 sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:14.12 x .163 =2.30156
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
1115 9/28/2016
1120 9/28/2016 19.17 5.79 2.473 54 3.58 4.24 11.07
1125 9/28/2016 19.41 5.71 2.506 46 2.06 4.11 11.05
1130 9/28/2016 19.88 5.66 2.553 43 1.27 3.48 11.02
1135 9/28/2016 20.20 5.64 2.573 39 0.89 2.50 11.03
1140 9/28/2016 20.32 5.66 2.577 34 0.69 2.57 11.02
1145 9/28/2016 20.26 5.66 2.571 28 0.60 2.74 11.02
1150 9/28/2016 20.19 5.64 2.576 24 0.55 2.53 11.02
1155 9/28/2016 20.33 5.64 2.581 22 0.50 2.29 11.02
Final Readings 1155 9/28/2016 20.33 5.64 2.581 22 0.50 2.59 11.02
* C units mS/cm mV mg/L NTU
Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 4.0
100
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:25.00
Height of water column:
Bladder Pump
Measuring point:Top of Casing
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Bladder Pump Purge Time
Gary Simcox
Depth to water from measuring point:10.88
1205
Sunny
80 *F
Water Level & Well Data
Wednesday, September 28, 2016
Wednesday, September 28, 2016
Blank
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4103-I1
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
15.89 feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start 1225 Stop 1315
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On: 3.0 sec.Start 1315 Stop 1325
Off: 27.0 sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:15.89 x .163 =2.59007
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
1225 9/28/2016
1230 9/28/2016 22.68 5.85 2.230 -12 1.09 8.59 6.39
1235 9/28/2016 22.88 5.97 2.147 -26 0.96 13.50 6.62
1240 9/28/2016 22.84 5.97 2.072 -41 0.86 23.30 6.82
1245 9/28/2016 23.46 6.00 2.079 -38 0.77 45.50 6.91
1250 9/28/2016 24.43 5.98 2.114 -31 0.73 48.90 6.89
1255 9/28/2016 24.71 6.00 2.121 -28 0.58 46.50 6.86
1300 9/28/2016 24.64 6.00 2.120 -35 0.56 41.40 6.90
1305 9/28/2016 24.44 6.00 2.107 -36 0.52 38.70 6.97
1310 9/28/2016 24.23 6.00 2.096 -32 0.59 37.80 7.01
1315 9/28/2016 23.90 5.99 2.076 -32 0.61 38.50 6.98
Final Readings 1315 9/28/2016 23.90 5.99 2.076 -32 0.61 38.50 6.98
* C units mS/cm mV mg/L NTU
Wednesday, September 28, 2016
Friday, September 02, 2016
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4103-I2
Bladder Pump Purge Time
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:5.41
1325
Height of water column:
Measuring point:Top of Casing
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Cloudy
80 *FGary Simcox
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:21.30
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 4.0
Bladder Pump
100 Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start 1355 Stop 1445
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On: 3.0 sec.Start 1455 Stop 1505
Off: 27.0 sec.
Pressure: 21 psi
2" well:
height:8.71 x .163 =1.41973
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
1355 9/28/2016
1400 9/28/2016 20.20 6.24 2.096 32 3.34 17.40 15.69
1405 9/28/2016 20.24 6.14 2.180 15 2.13 12.70 15.73
1410 9/28/2016 20.32 0.14 2.210 16 1.86 6.37 15.79
1415 9/28/2016 20.51 6.12 2.270 18 1.34 5.55 15.77
1420 9/28/2016 20.75 6.12 2.321 16 0.88 2.37 15.69
1425 9/28/2016 20.79 6.11 2.329 16 0.83 1.69 15.77
1430 9/28/2016 20.89 6.11 2.338 18 0.77 1.63 15.71
1435 9/28/2016 20.91 6.10 2.342 20 0.61 1.54 15.79
1440 9/28/2016 20.69 6.10 2.337 22 0.62 1.32 15.75
1445 9/28/2016 20.57 6.11 2.324 20 0.64 1.20 15.72
Final Readings 1445 9/28/2016 20.57 6.11 2.324 20 0.64 1.20 15.72
* C units mS/cm mV mg/L NTU
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 4.0
Bladder Pump
100 Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Measuring point:Top of Casing
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Bladder Pump Purge Time
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:24.20
Height of water column:8.71
Gary Simcox
Depth to water from measuring point:15.49
Cloudy
80 *F
Water Level & Well Data
Wednesday, September 28, 2016
Wednesday, September 28, 2016
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4103-I3
1505
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start 1520 Stop 1605
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On: 2.0 sec.Start 1605 Stop 1615
Off: 28.0 sec.
Pressure: 15 psi
2" well:
height:9.93 x .163 =1.61859
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
1520 9/28/2016
1525 9/28/2016 20.42 6.52 1.601 -50 0.95 54.60 6.39
1530 9/28/2016 21.12 6.55 1.483 -58 0.37 23.30 6.61
1535 9/28/2016 21.40 6.57 1.442 -60 0.24 18.90 6.81
1540 9/28/2016 21.30 6.58 1.442 -59 0.19 16.40 6.87
1545 9/28/2016 21.18 6.57 1.402 -60 0.16 16.00 6.91
1550 9/28/2016 21.30 6.61 1.398 -61 0.18 14.10 7.01
1555 9/28/2016 21.38 6.57 1.396 -58 0.14 13.00 7.04
1600 9/28/2016 21.37 6.57 1.392 -60 0.15 13.30 7.08
1605 9/28/2016 21.39 6.57 1.390 -59 0.14 14.00 7.11
Final Readings 1605 9/28/2016 21.39 6.57 1.390 -59 0.14 14.00 7.11
* C units mS/cm mV mg/L NTU
Water Level & Well Data
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4103-I4
Wednesday, September 28, 2016
1615
Cloudy
Wednesday, September 28, 2016
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
70 *FGary Simcox
Measuring point:Top of Casing
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Depth to water from measuring point:5.07
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:15.00
Height of water column:9.93
Bladder Pump Purge Time
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 5.0
Bladder Pump
100 Sample Collection Time
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
0.00 feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons liters
Yes No
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 1210 9/26/2016 21.60 7.22 293.000
* C units mS/cm
Measuring point:
Monday, September 26, 2016
Monday, September 26, 2016
Height of water column:
Sample Collection Time
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Purge Time
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed
Was well purged dry
Blank
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:
1210
1584-98-081
White Street Landfill
4112-SW1
Gary Simcox
Sunny
75 *F
Summit Avenue Bridge
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
0.00 feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons liters x
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 1130 9/26/2016 20.60 6.75 214.000
* C units mS/cm
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Monday, September 26, 2016
Monday, September 26, 2016
White Street Landfill
1584-98-081
4112-SW2
White Street and Nealtown Road
Height of water column:
Measuring point:
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Purge Time
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:
1505
Cloudy
75 *FGary Simcox
Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons liters
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 1345 9/26/2016 23.80 7.21 439.000
* C units mS/cm
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:
1345
75 *F
White Street Landfill Monday, September 26, 2016
Monday, September 26, 2016
1584-98-081
4112-SW3
Gary Simcox
Cloudy
Waste Water Treatment Plant
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Purge Time
Measuring point:
Sample Collection Time
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Height of water column:0.00
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate ml/min
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons liters
Yes No
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 1245 9/26/2016 22.50 7.30 412.000
* C units mS/cm
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
1245
Cloudy
75 *F
White Street Landfill Monday, September 26, 2016
1584-98-081
4112-SW4
Gary Simcox
Rankin Mill Road Bridge
Sample Collection Time
Was well purged dry
Purge Time
Volume of water in well
Field Analyses
Monday, September 26, 2016
Measuring point:
Depth to water from measuring point:
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Height of water column:0.00
Volume of water removed
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Location:Purge Date:
Project No.:Purge Time:
Source Well:Sample Date:
Sample Time:
Locked?:Yes:x No:Weather:
Sampled By:Air Temp:
feet
feet
feet
Purge Method
Sample Method Start Stop
Purge Rate gpm
Control Settings On:sec.Start Stop
Off:sec.
Pressure:psi
2" well:
height:0 x .163 =0
gallons x liters
Yes No x
*Stabilization Parameters
Time Date Temp pH Conductivity *ORP *D.O.*Turbidity DTW
Final Readings 1100 9/26/2016 22.60 7.34 427.000
* C units mS/cm
Was well purged dry
Field Analyses
Volume of water in well
Volume of water removed 0.0
GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Water Level & Well Data
Depth to water from measuring point:
1100
75 *F
White Street Landfill Monday, September 26, 2016
Tuesday, September 06, 2016
1584-98-081
4112-SW5
Gary Simcox
Cloudy
Below monitor well II-3
Depth to well bottom from measuring point:
Purge Time
Measuring point:
Sample Collection Time
Well Purging & Sample Collection
Height of water column:0.00
Appendix II – Laboratory Analytical Reports
Appendix III – NCDEQ EDDs (CD Only)