9404_WashingtonCo_WQMP_LFGMP_DIN27659_20161220

Attachment H
Water Quality Monitoring Plan

Permit Application
Washington County C&D Landfill
Washington County, North Carolina

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Water Quality Monitoring Plan

Washington County C&D Landfill
Washington County, North Carolina

Prepared for:

Washington County
Plymouth, North Carolina

December 2016

© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.
F-1370 F-1370
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DocuSign Envelope ID: 71ED9CF1-9731-44B5-8C4F-82C6DCBD528E

Water Quality Monitoring Plan

Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina

Prepared For:
Washington County
Plymouth, North Carolina

S+G Project No. WASHINGTON-16-1

Madeline M. German, P.G.
Project Geologist

Joan A. Smyth, P.G.
Vice President, Senior Hydrogeologist

December 2016

F-1370 F-1370
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12/20/2016
12/20/2016

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Washington County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
December 2016 Table of Contents Page i
Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina

Water Quality Monitoring Plan

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 
1.1 Regulatory Requirements ......................................................................................... 1 
1.2 Guidance Documents ................................................................................................ 2 
1.3 Contact Information .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3.1 Washington County (County) ......................................................................... 2 
1.3.2 Engineer ........................................................................................................ 3 
1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ) ................ 3 
1.4 Existing Site Conditions ............................................................................................. 3 
1.4.1 Site Geology ................................................................................................... 4 
1.4.2 Site Hydrogeology ......................................................................................... 4 
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................................................................... 5 
2.1 Monitoring Frequency ............................................................................................... 5 
2.2 Monitoring Network and Analytical Parameters ..................................................... 5 
2.2.1 Existing Network ........................................................................................... 6 
2.2.2 Modifications to Monitoring Network ........................................................... 6 
2.2.3 Analytical Parameters .................................................................................. 6 
2.3 Groundwater Sample Collection ............................................................................... 6 
2.3.1 Monitoring Conditions and Observations ..................................................... 7 
2.3.2 Fuel Powered Equipment ............................................................................. 7 
2.3.3 Equipment Decontamination ........................................................................ 7 
2.3.4 Water Level Measurements .......................................................................... 8 
2.3.4.1 Static Water Levels ......................................................................... 8 
2.3.4.2 Contamination Prevention .............................................................. 8 
2.3.4.3 Equipment ....................................................................................... 9 
2.3.5 Monitoring Well Evacuations ........................................................................ 9 
2.3.5.1 Contamination Prevention .............................................................. 9 
2.3.5.2 Calculations .................................................................................... 9 
2.3.5.3 Well Purging ................................................................................. 10 
2.3.5.4 Purge Rate .................................................................................... 12 
2.3.5.5 Purge Water Disposal ................................................................... 12 
2.3.5.6 Non-Dedicated Equipment ........................................................... 12 
2.3.6 Sample Collection ....................................................................................... 12 
2.3.6.1 Field Parameters .......................................................................... 13 
2.3.6.2 Sample Equipment ....................................................................... 13 
2.3.6.3 Sample Transference ................................................................... 14 
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2.3.6.4 Sample Collection Order .............................................................. 14 
2.3.6.5 Decontamination .......................................................................... 15 
2.3.6.6 Sample Preservation .................................................................... 15 
2.3.6.7 Field Quality Assurance ................................................................ 15 
2.3.6.8 Sample Containers ....................................................................... 15 
3.0 FIELD QA/QC PROGRAM .......................................................................................... 16 
3.1 Blank Samples ........................................................................................................ 16 
3.1.1 Trip Blanks .................................................................................................. 16 
3.1.2 Equipment Blanks ....................................................................................... 16 
3.1.3 Field Blanks ................................................................................................. 16 
3.1.4 Blank Concentrations ................................................................................. 17 
3.1.5 Field Instruments ........................................................................................ 17 
4.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND SHIPMENT .............................................................. 18 
4.1 Sample Preservation ............................................................................................... 18 
4.2 Storage/Transport Conditions ................................................................................ 18 
4.3 Sample Delivery ....................................................................................................... 18 
4.4 Chain of Custody ...................................................................................................... 18 
5.0 LABORATORY ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 20 
5.1 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control ...................................................... 20 
5.2 Data Review ............................................................................................................. 20 
6.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING ....................................................................... 21 
6.1 Field Logbook .......................................................................................................... 21 
6.2 Groundwater Flow Evaluation ................................................................................. 21 
6.3 Reporting ................................................................................................................. 22 
7.0 MONITORING PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS .............................................................. 23 
7.1 Plan Modifications and Updates ............................................................................. 23 
7.2 Well Abandonment/Rehabilitation .......................................................................... 23 
7.3 Additional Well Installations ................................................................................... 23 
7.4 Implementation Schedule ....................................................................................... 23 

TABLES
Table 1 Monitoring Well Construction Information
Table 2 Analytical Parameters

FIGURE
Figure 1 Site Monitoring Plan

APPENDIX
Appendix A Environmental Monitoring Report Form
Appendix B Well Boring Logs

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Water Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) was prepared by Smith Gardner, Inc. to describe the
water quality monitoring program at the Washington County Landfill Facility, which is located
off of Landfill Road near Roper, North Carolina. This landfill facility includes a closed unlined
municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill (NC Solid Waste Permit No. 94-02) and an active unlined
construction and demolition debris (C&D) landfill (NC Solid Waste Permit No. 94-04). This plan
describes the necessary procedures to satisfy applicable regulatory requirements (see Section
1.1) and guidance documents (see Section 1.2) for groundwater quality monitoring. Note that
due to lack of surface water in the immediate vicinity of the landfill, no surface water sampling
is proposed in this plan.

The methods and procedures described in the WQMP are intended to facilitate the collection of
true and representative samples and test data. Field procedures are presented in Section 2.0
in their general order of implementation. Equipment requirements for each field task are
presented within the applicable section. Quality assurance/quality control methods, sample
preservation and shipment, laboratory procedures, and record keeping requirements are
presented in Sections 3.0 through 6.0. Section 7.0 addresses monitoring plan modifications
and schedule.

Strict adherence to the procedures stipulated in this plan is required. Any variations from
these procedures should be thoroughly documented and may require approval of the
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ), Division of Waste
Management (DWM) prior to implementation.

1.1 Regulatory Requirements
This WQMP specifies the procedures and methods to satisfy North Carolina Solid Waste
Management Rules 15A NCAC 13B.0544 (b) and (c) (C&D Landfills); and 15A NCAC
13B.0510, and .0601 (closed MSW landfills), which include the following requirements for
detection monitoring:

 Represent the quality of the background groundwater that has not been affected
by leakage from the unit. (.0544 (b)(1)(A))

 Represent the quality of the groundwater passing the relevant point of
compliance as approved by the Division. (.0544 (b)(1)(B))

 The groundwater monitoring programs must include consistent sampling and
analysis procedures that are designed to ensure monitoring results that provide
an accurate representation of groundwater quality at the background and down-
gradient wells. (.0544 (b)(1)(C))

 The monitoring programs must include sampling and analytical methods that are
appropriate for groundwater sampling and that accurately measure target
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constituents and other monitoring parameters in groundwater samples. (.0544
(b)(1)(D))

 The sampling procedures and frequency must be protective of human health and
the environment. (.0544 (b)(1)(E))

 Determine groundwater elevations. (.0544 (b)(1)(F))

 Establish background quality data. (.0544 (b)(1)(G))

 Any statistical analysis. (0.1632 (g) and (h))

 Detection groundwater monitoring program. (.0544 (b)(1)(D) and (.0601))

1.2 Guidance Documents
This plan was developed in general accordance with the following guidance documents
prepared by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ), Division
of Waste Management (DWM):

1. NC DENR Guidance Document entitled “Groundwater, Surface Water, and Soil
Sampling for Landfills”, April 2008.

2. NC DENR Memo entitled "New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal of
Environmental Monitoring Data", October 27, 2006.

3. NC DENR Memo entitled “Addendum to October 27, 2006, North Carolina Solid
Waste Section Memorandum Regarding New Guidelines for Electronic Submittal
of Environmental Data”, February 23, 2007.

4. NC DENR Memo entitled “Environmental Monitoring Data for North Carolina
Solid Waste Management Facilities”, October 16, 2007.

1.3 Contact Information
Correspondence and questions concerning this plan should be directed to the
appropriate contact below:

1.3.1 Washington County (County)
Washington County Department of Public Utilities
396 West Millpond Road
Roper, NC 27970
Phone: [phone]

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Contact: David Tawes, Public Utilities Director
[e-mail]

Washington County Landfill Facility
718 Landfill Road
Roper, NC 27970
P.O. Box 1007
Plymouth, NC 27962
Phone/Fax: [phone]

Contact: Carl Critcher, Landfill Manager
[e-mail]

1.3.2 Engineer
Smith Gardner, Inc.
14 N. Boylan Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]

Contacts: Joan A. Smyth, P.G.
[e-mail]
Pieter K. Scheer, P.E.
[e-mail]

1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ)
Division of Waste Management (DWM) - Solid Waste Section:

North Carolina DEQ - Washington Regional Office
943 Washington Square Mall
Washington, NC 27889
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Contact: Ray Williams - Environmental Senior Specialist
[e-mail]

1.4 Existing Site Conditions
Washington County, North Carolina (County) currently owns and operates the
Washington County Landfill facility at 718 Landfill Road near Roper. The facility is
permitted for the disposal of construction and demolition debris (C&D) under Solid
Waste Permit No. 94-04. The County also conducts several other solid waste
management activities at the facility which include a closed municipal solid waste (MSW)
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landfill unit located on the southwestern portion of the site, and an active C&D landfill
unit in the northeastern portion of the site that was previously used for borrow material.

The surrounding area is primarily forested, wetlands and agricultural. The site is bound
to the north and west by undeveloped land and agricultural land, to the east by Landfill
Road and agricultural land, and to the south by agricultural land.

Ground surface elevation rise is related to landfill activity, elevations range from
approximately El. 5 feet above mean sea level (ftmsl) adjacent to the wetlands to El. 25
ftmsl near the site entrance (end of Landfill Road). The facility location and existing site
conditions are shown on Figure 1.

1.4.1 Site Geology
The Washington County Landfill is located in the Coastal Plain Physiographic
Province. The Coastal Plain consists of continental, near shore, and marine
sediments which were deposited during successive periods of fluctuating sea
level. According to the Geologic Map of North Carolina (USGS, 1985) this site is
underlain by Quaternary surficial deposits including sand, gravel, clay and peat
deposited in marine, fluvial, aeolian and lacustrine environments; typical for a
coastal plain environment.

1.4.2 Site Hydrogeology
Groundwater in the upper-most aquifer generally flows through unconsolidated
sediments to discharge into the Roanoke River, its tributaries and Swan Bay. The
groundwater potentiometric surface generally reflects a subdued expression of
the surface topography with groundwater generally flowing to the north into the
wetlands around the Albemarle Sound. Groundwater elevations at the site are
generally less than 5 ftmsl.

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2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM
This section of the Water Quality Monitoring Plan addresses each aspect of the monitoring
program including monitoring frequency, monitoring network and analytical parameters, and
sample collection procedures.

2.1 Monitoring Frequency
At a minimum, the County will perform water quality monitoring on a semi-annual basis
through the stipulated post-closure period for the landfill.

2.2 Monitoring Network and Analytical Parameters
Existing and proposed monitoring locations and analytical parameters are summarized
in the monitoring network schedule below. Monitoring locations are shown on Figure 1.
Refer to Tables 1 and 2 for monitoring well completion information and analytical
parameters, respectively.

Washington County Landfill Monitoring Network Schedule

Monitoring
Location1 Relative Location Analytical Parameters2
Existing Monitoring Locations:
MW-1 Crossgradient of Closed MSW Appendix I; FP
MW-2 Downgradient of Closed MSW Appendix I; FP
MW-3 Crossgradient of Closed MSW Appendix I; FP
MW-4 Upgradient of Closed MSW Appendix I; FP
CD-1 Downgradient of C&D Appendix I; C&D; FP
CD-2 Downgradient of C&D Appendix I; C&D; FP
CD-3 Downgradient of C&D Appendix I; C&D; FP
CD-4 Upgradient of C&D Appendix I; C&D; FP
Notes:
1. MW = Monitoring Well.
2. Appendix I (40 CFR 258, Appendix I); FP (Field Parameters); C&D (NC DWM C&D
Parameters). See Table 2 for listing of analytes.

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2.2.1 Existing Network
The existing monitoring network has been evaluated based on historical
potentiometric surfaces and is appropriate for monitoring the facility. The
network provides upgradient and downgradient data for both the closed MSW
and C&D landfills.

2.2.2 Modifications to Monitoring Network
No modifications are proposed for the monitoring network at this time.

2.2.3 Analytical Parameters
Groundwater samples will be analyzed semi-annually for Appendix I volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and metals and the following field parameters:

 Temperature;
 pH;
 Specific Conductivity; and
 Turbidity.

C&D Landfill Parameters

Monitoring wells CD-1, CD-2, CD-3 and CD-4 will also be analyzed for the
following C&D landfill parameters (in addition to those listed above):

 Mercury
 Chloride
 Manganese
 Sulfate
 Iron
 Alkalinity
 Total Dissolved Solids
 Tetrahydrofuran

2.3 Groundwater Sample Collection
This section presents details of the procedures and equipment required to perform
groundwater field measurements and sampling from monitoring wells during each
monitoring event. Where possible, sampling will proceed from the upgradient
(background) wells to downgradient (compliance) wells or, when data is available,
from least to most contaminated.

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2.3.1 Monitoring Conditions and Observations
The following measurements will be recorded in a dedicated field logbook prior
to sample collection:

 Depth to static water level and well bottom (to the nearest 0.01 foot);
 Water column height in the riser (based on measured well depth);
 Condition of monitoring well (well locks, steel casing, concrete pad, etc.);
and
 Monitoring location conditions, including access and surroundings.

Report to the Landfill Manager any observed maintenance or access issues
observed.

Documentation of all field activities will be in accordance with Section 6.1.

2.3.2 Fuel Powered Equipment
Fuel-powered equipment, such as generators or compressors for pumps, must
be situated away and downwind from sampling activities. If field conditions
prevent such placement, then the fuel source must be placed as far away as
possible from the sampling activities. Sampling conditions must be described in
detail in the field notes.

If fuel must be handled, it should be done the day before sampling. Effort should
be made to avoid handling fuels on the day of sampling. If fuels must be
dispensed during sampling activities, dispense fuel downwind and well away
from any sampling locations. Wear gloves while working with fuel and dispose of
the gloves away from sampling activities. Wash hands thoroughly after handling
any fuels.

2.3.3 Equipment Decontamination
Non-dedicated equipment that may come in contact with the well casing and
water will be decontaminated between wells. The procedure for
decontaminating non-dedicated equipment is as follows:

1. Don new powder-free gloves.

2. Clean item with tap water and phosphate-free laboratory detergent
(Liqui-Nox or equivalent) using a brush if necessary to remove particulate
matter and surface films.

3. Rinse thoroughly with pesticide grade isopropanol and allow to air dry.

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4. Rinse with organic-free water (Milli-Q water or other ultra-pure water)
and allow to air dry.

5. Wrap with commercial-grade aluminum foil, if necessary, to prevent
equipment contamination during storage or transport.

Liqui-Nox detergent solutions should be stored in a clearly marked High-Density
Polyethylene (HDPE) or Polypropylene (PP) container. Containers for pesticide-
grade isopropanol will be made of inert materials such as Teflon, stainless steel,
or glass.

Using dedicated sampling equipment or new disposable Teflon bailers at each
well should minimize the need for decontamination in the field. Unclean
equipment will be segregated from clean equipment during field activities. Clean
equipment will remain in the manufacturer's packaging until use, or will be
wrapped in commercial-grade aluminum foil or untreated butcher paper.

2.3.4 Water Level Measurements
2.3.4.1 Static Water Levels
Static water level and depth to the well bottom will be measured in each
well prior to purging or sampling activities. Static water level and well
depth measurements are necessary to calculate the static water volume
in the well prior to purging. Additionally, these measurements provide a
field check on well integrity, degree of siltation, and are used to prepare
potentiometric maps, calculate aquifer flow velocities, and monitor
changes in site hydrogeologic conditions.

Groundwater depths will be measured to a vertical accuracy of 0.01 feet
relative to established wellhead elevations. Each well will have a
permanent, easily identified reference point, established by a Registered
Land Surveyor on the well riser lip from where measurements will be
gauged.

2.3.4.2 Contamination Prevention
New, powder-free, surgical gloves will be donned for each sampling
location. Appropriate measures will be implemented during
measurement activities to minimize the potential for soils,
decontamination supplies, precipitation, and other potential contaminants
from entering the well or contacting clean equipment.

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2.3.4.3 Equipment
An electronic water level indicator, constructed of inert materials, such
as stainless steel and Teflon, will be used to measure depth to
groundwater in each well and/or piezometer. Between each well, the
device will be thoroughly decontaminated by washing with non-
phosphate (Liqui-Nox) soap and rinsing with organic-free water to
prevent cross contamination from one well to another.

2.3.5 Monitoring Well Evacuations
Water accumulated in each well may be stagnant and unrepresentative of
surrounding aquifer conditions. Therefore, this water must be removed to insure
that fresh formation water is sampled. Following static water level
measurement the standing water in the well casing will be purged. Monitoring
well evacuation should be performed in up-gradient wells first systematically
moving to down-gradient well locations.

2.3.5.1 Contamination Prevention
New, powder-free, surgical gloves will be donned for well purging and
sampling activities and whenever handling decontaminated field
equipment. Appropriate procedures during measurement, purging, and
sampling activities will be used to minimize the potential for surface soils,
decontaminated supplies, precipitation, and/or other potential
contaminants from entering the well or contacting cleaned equipment.

2.3.5.2 Calculations
The standing water volume in the well riser and screen will be calculated
immediately before well evacuation during each monitoring event if
standard purging techniques are utilized. A standing water volume will
be calculated for each well using measured static water level, well depth,
and well casing diameter according to the following equation:

V= ሺTD-SWLሻC

where: V = one well volume (gallons)
TD = total well depth (feet)
SWL = static water level (feet)
C = volume constant for given well diameter
(gallons/ft)
C = 0.163 gallons/ft for two-inch wells
C = 0.653 gallons/ft for four-inch wells

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2.3.5.3 Well Purging
Equipment
Several options for well purging may be used at this site including:

 Disposable Bailers;
 Low Flow Pumps; and
 Grundfos Redi-Flo Pumps.

Disposable Bailers: Where bailers are used, new, disposable bailers
with either double or bottom check-valves will be used to purge each
well. Disposable purge bailers will be constructed of fluorocarbon resin
(Teflon) or inert plastic suitable for the well and ground conditions. Each
bailer will be factory-cleaned and remain sealed in a plastic sleeve until
use. A new Teflon-coated stainless steel, inert mono-filament line or
nylon cord will be used for each well to retrieve the bailers. Where
bailers are used, a minimum of three well volumes will be purged unless
the well runs dry.

Low Flow Pumps: Monitoring wells may be purged and sampled using
the low-flow sampling method in accordance with DWM guidance
(”Groundwater, Surface Water, and Soil Sampling for Landfills” (NCDEQ,
2008) (See Section 1.2)).

Grundfos Redi-Flo Pumps: Where Redi-Flo pumps are used, the same
low flow techniques for sampling will be used. See above for a
purging/sampling technique summary.

Technique
Depth-to-water measurements will be obtained using an electronic water
level indicator capable of recording the depth to an accuracy of 0.01 foot
(see Section 2.3.4). A determination of whether or not the water table is
located within the screened interval of the well will be made. If the water
table is not within the screened interval, the amount of drawdown that
can be achieved before the screen is intersected will be calculated. If the
water table is within the screened interval, total drawdown should not
exceed 1 foot to minimize the aeration and turbidity. If the water table is
above the screened interval, the drawdown amount should be minimized
to keep the screen from being exposed.

If the purging equipment is non-dedicated, the equipment will be lowered
into the well, taking care to minimize the water column disturbance. If
conditions (i.e., water column height and well yield) allow, the pump will
be placed in the uppermost portion of the water column (minimum of 18
inches of pump submergence is recommended).

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The minimum volume/time period for obtaining independent Water
Quality Parameter Measurements (WQPM) will be determined based on
the stabilized flow rate and the volume in the pump and the discharge
tubing. The bladder pump volume should be obtained from the
manufacturer. Alternately, if a continuous read flow-cell is used, it can
indicate when WQPM should be obtained, as long as the purged volume is
equal to or greater than the calculated volume. Discharge tubing
volumes are as follows:

3/8-inch inside diameter tubing: 20 milliliters per foot
1/4-inch inside diameter tubing: 10 milliliters per foot
3/16-inch inside diameter tubing: 5 milliliters per foot

Begin the well purge following calculations to determine the volume of
the flow-cell or the pump and the discharge tubing. The flow rate should
be based on historical data for each individual well (if available) and
should not exceed 500 milliliters per minute. The initial round of WQPM
should be recorded and the flow rate adjusted until drawdown in the well
stabilizes. Water levels should be measured periodically to maintain a
stabilized water level. The water level should not fall within one foot of
the top of the well screen. If the purge rate has been reduced to 100
milliliters or less and the head level in the well continues to decline, the
required water samples should be collected following WQPM
stabilization, based on the criteria presented below.

If neither the head level nor the WQPM stabilize, a passive sample should
be collected. Passive sampling is defined as sampling before WQMP have
stabilized if the well yield is low enough that the well will purge dry at the
lowest possible purge rate (generally 100 milliliters per minute or less).

WQPM stabilization is defined as: pH (+/- 0.2 S.U.), conductance (+/- 5%
of reading), temperature (+/- 10% of reading or 0.2oC), and dissolved
oxygen (DO) [+/- 20% of reading or 0.2 mg/L (whichever is greater)].
Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) will be measured and ideally should
also fall within +/- 10mV of reading; however, this is not a required
parameter. At a minimum, turbidity measurements should also be
recorded at the beginning of purging, following WQPM stabilization, and
following sample collection. The optimal turbidity range for micropurging
is 25 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) or less. Turbidity
measurements above 25 NTU are generally indicative of an excessive
purge rate or natural conditions related to excessive fines in the aquifer
matrix.

WQPM stabilization should occur in most wells within five to six rounds of
measurements. If stabilization does not occur following the removal of a
purge volume equal to three well volumes, a passive sample will be
collected.
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The direct-reading equipment used at each well will be calibrated in the
field according to the manufacturer’s specifications prior to each day’s
use and checked, at a minimum, at the end of each sampling day.
Calibration information should be documented in the instrument’s
calibration logbook and field logbook/notes.

Each well is to be sampled immediately following WQPM stabilization.
The sampling flow rate must be maintained at a rate less than or equal to
the purging rate. For volatile organic compounds, lower sampling rates
(100 - 200 milliliters/minute) should be used. Final field parameter
readings should be recorded prior to and after sampling.

2.3.5.4 Purge Rate
Wells will be purged at a rate that will not cause recharge water to be
excessively agitated or cascade through the screen. Use care to minimize
the disturbance to the well sidewalls and bottom to help prevent the silt
and fine particulate matter becoming suspended. The purged water
volume from each well and the relative recharge rate will be documented
in sampling field notes/book. Wells which have very low recharge rates
will be purged once until dry. Damaged, dry, or low yielding and high
turbidity wells will be documented for reconsideration before the next
sampling event.

2.3.5.5 Purge Water Disposal
Purge water will be managed to prevent possible soil and surface water
contamination. Well site management options may include temporary
containment and disposal as leachate or portable activated carbon
filtration if warranted by field characteristics.

2.3.5.6 Non-Dedicated Equipment
Durable, non-dedicated equipment lowered into the well or that may
come in contact with the water samples, will be disassembled to the
degree practical and decontaminated before each use. Equipment
decontamination procedures are described in Section 2.3.3.

2.3.6 Sample Collection
After purging, groundwater samples will be collected for laboratory analysis. As
much as practical, samples should be collected from least contaminated
location(s) first, followed by locations of increasing contamination across the
site. Prior to sample collection, sample labels should be properly filled-out with
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permanent ink (such as Sharpie Pen). At a minimum, the label should identify
the sample with the following information:

 Site Name;
 Sample Location or Well Number;
 Date and Time of Collection;
 Analysis Required;
 Sampler's Initials;
 Preservative Used (if any); and
 Other Pertinent Information, as Necessary.

Completed sample labels should be affixed to the sample bottle prior to
sampling.

Sampling will occur within 24-hours of well purging and as soon after well
recovery as possible. Wells which fail to recharge or produce an adequate
sample volume within 24 hours of purging will not be sampled.

2.3.6.1 Field Parameters
Field measurements to determine temperature, pH, and specific
conductivity will be recorded immediately prior to sampling each
monitoring location. Turbidity measurements may be collected for
metals evaluation. The field test specimens will be collected with the
sampling bailer and placed in a clean, non-conductive glass or plastic
container for observation. Temperature, pH, conductivity, and turbidity
meter calibration will be performed according to the manufacturers'
specifications and consistent with Test Methods for Evaluating Solid
Waste -Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846). A pocket thermometer and
litmus paper will be available in case of meter malfunction.

2.3.6.2 Sample Equipment
Several options for sample collection are available for this site including:

 Disposable Bailers;
 Low Flow Pumps; and
 Grundfos Redi-Flo Pumps.

These are each discussed in greater detail below.

Disposable Bailers: Where bailers are used, each well will be sampled
using a new, factory-cleaned, disposable Teflon bailer with bottom check-
valve and sample discharge mechanism. A new segment of Teflon-
coated stainless steel wire, inert mono-filament line or nylon cord will be
used to lower and retrieve each bailer. The bailer will be lowered into
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Washington County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
December 2016 Page 14
each well to the point of groundwater contact and then allowed to fill as it
sinks below the water table. Bottom contact will be avoided to prevent
suspending sediment in the samples. The bailer will be retrieved and
emptied in a manner which minimizes sample agitation.

Low Flow Pumps: Following purging with the low flow pump systems,
samples may be collected immediately from the pumping system.
Samples are to be collected in the order outlined in Section 2.3.6.4.

Grundfos Redi-Flo Pumps: Following purging of three well volumes,
samples may be collected from the Redi-Flo pumps. Samples will be
collected in the order outlined in Section 2.3.6.4.

2.3.6.3 Sample Transference
Samples will be transferred directly from the disposable bailer or pump
discharge tubing into a sample container that has been specifically
prepared for the preservation and storage of compatible parameters. A
bottom emptying device provided will be used to transfer samples from
bailer to sample container. The generation air bubbles and sample
agitation will be minimized during bailer discharge.

2.3.6.4 Sample Collection Order
Groundwater samples will be collected in the order of volatilization
sensitivity. When collected, the following sampling order will be
observed:

 Volatile Organics and Volatile Inorganics;
 Extractable Organics, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Aggregate
Organics, and Oil and Grease;
 Total Metals;
 Inorganic Nonmetallics, Physical and Aggregate Properties, and
Biologicals;
 Microbiological; and
 Other Parameters (as applicable).

Note: If the pump used to collect groundwater samples is not suitable to
collect volatile or extractable organics then collect other parameters and
withdraw the pump and tubing, then collect the volatile and extractable
organics.

Samples will be collected and analyzed in an unfiltered state. Dissolved
metal analysis samples, if subsequently required, will be prepared by
field filtration using a decontaminated peristaltic pump and a disposable
0.45 micron filter cartridge specifically manufactured for this purpose.
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2.3.6.5 Decontamination
Reusable sampling equipment including water level probes, water quality
meters, interface probes, and filtering pumps which might contact aquifer
water or samples will be thoroughly decontaminated between wells by
washing with non-phosphate soapy, organic free water (Milli-Q or
equivalent) and rinsing with isopropanol and organic-free water.
Equipment decontamination procedures are detailed in Section 2.3.2.

2.3.6.6 Sample Preservation
Following sampling at each location, the sample bottles will be placed in
a cooler with ice for preservation.

2.3.6.7 Field Quality Assurance
Blank samples will be prepared, handled, and analyzed as groundwater
samples to ensure cross-contamination has not occurred. One set of trip
blanks, as described in Section 3.1.1, will be prepared before leaving the
laboratory to ensure that the sample containers or handling processes
have not affected the sample quality. One set of equipment blanks will be
created in the field at the time of sampling to ensure that the field
conditions, equipment, and handling during sampling collection have not
affected the sample quality. Equipment blanks are discussed in Section
3.1.2. A duplicate groundwater sample may be collected from a single
well as a laboratory accuracy check.

2.3.6.8 Sample Containers
Sample containers will be provided by the laboratory for each sampling
event. Containers must be either new, factory-certified analytically clean
by the manufacturer, or cleaned by the laboratory prior to shipment for
sampling. Laboratory cleaning methods will be based on the bottle type
and analyte of interest. Metal containers are thoroughly washed with
non-phosphate detergent and tap water and rinsed with (1:1) nitric acid,
tap water, (1:1) hydrochloric acid, tap water, and non-organic water, in
that order. Organic sample containers are thoroughly washed with non-
phosphate detergent in hot water and rinsed with tap water, distilled
water, acetone, and pesticide quality hexane, in that order. Other sample
containers are thoroughly washed with non-phosphate detergent and tap
water, and rinsed with tap water and non-organic water. The laboratory
will provide proper preservatives in the sample containers prior to
shipment (see Section 4.0).

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3.0 FIELD QA/QC PROGRAM
Field Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) requires the routine collection and analysis of
blanks to verify that the handling process has not affected the sample quality. Contaminants
found in the trip blanks could be attributed to:

1. Interaction between the sample and the container;
2. Contaminated source water; or
3. A handling procedure that alters the sample.

3.1 Blank Samples
3.1.1 Trip Blanks
The laboratory will prepare a trip blank by filling each sample bottle type with
laboratory grade distilled or deionized water. Trip blanks will use the specific
bottle type required for the analyzed parameters from a bottle pack specifically
assembled by the laboratory for each sampling event. Trip blanks are assembled
in the laboratory, transported with the empty bottle packs, remain in the coolers
throughout sampling, and are transported back to the laboratory for analysis.
Trip blanks will only be analyzed for volatile and purgeable organics.

3.1.2 Equipment Blanks
Where wells are sampled with non-dedicated equipment, equipment blank
samples will be collected at a rate of one sample per day. To collect an
equipment blank, pour non-organic (Milli-Q or equivalent) water into a bailer and,
handling the bailer in a manner identical to well sampling, transfer the water into
the specified “blank” sample collection jars specified. Equipment blank samples
are packed and sent to the laboratory with the other samples.

3.1.3 Field Blanks
As deemed necessary, field blanks will be collected. The laboratory will provide
designated bottles with laboratory grade distilled or deionized water. The water
will be poured from one laboratory provided container to an empty laboratory
provided container for the specified analysis. This activity must be performed at
the sampling location. Field blank samples will be packed in the cooler and sent
to the laboratory with the other samples.

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3.1.4 Blank Concentrations
The contaminant concentration levels found in the blanks will be reported but
will not be used to correct groundwater data. In the event that elevated
parameter concentrations are found in a blank, the analysis will be flagged for
future evaluation and possible re-sampling.

3.1.5 Field Instruments
Field instruments utilized to measure groundwater characteristics will be
calibrated prior to entering the field and recalibrated in the field as required to
insure accurate measurements for each sample. The specific conductivity and
pH meter will be recalibrated utilizing two prepared solutions of known pH
concentrations in the anticipated value range (between 4 and 10). A permanent
thermometer, calibrated against a National Bureau of Standards Certified
thermometer, will be used for temperature meter calibration. Other field
equipment should be calibrated at least daily using the manufacturer's
recommended specifications.

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4.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND SHIPMENT
Sample preservation methods, shipment, and Chain-of-Custody procedures observed between
sampling and laboratory analysis are presented in this section.

4.1 Sample Preservation
Pre-measured chemical preservatives will be provided by the analytical laboratory.
Hydrochloric acid will be used as a chemical stabilizer and preservative for volatile and
purgeable organic specimens. Nitric acid will be used as the preservative for analysis of
inorganic metals constituents.

4.2 Storage/Transport Conditions
Proper storage and transport conditions must be maintained to preserve sample
integrity between collection and analysis. Ice and chemical cold packs will be used to
cool and preserve samples, as directed by the analytical laboratory. Samples will be
maintained at a maximum temperature of 4o C. Dry ice is not to be used. Samples will
be packed and/or wrapped in plastic bubble wrap to inhibit breakage or accidental spills.

Chain-of-Custody control documents will be placed in a waterproof pouch and sealed
inside the cooler with the samples for shipping. Tape and/or custody seals will be
placed on the outside of the shipping coolers, in a manner to prevent and detect
tampering with the samples.

4.3 Sample Delivery
Samples will be delivered to the analytical laboratory within a reasonable time period in
person or using an overnight delivery service to insure holding time compliance. If
samples are not shipped the same day, the ice used to keep the samples cool will be
replenished to maintain the required maximum 4o C temperature. Sample shipment and
delivery will be coordinated with the laboratory. Do NOT store or ship highly
contaminated samples (concentrated wastes, free product, etc.) or samples
suspected of containing high contaminant concentrations in the same cooler or
shipping container with other environmental samples.

4.4 Chain of Custody
Chain-of-Custody control will be maintained from sampling through analysis to prevent
tampering with analytical specimens. Chain-of-Custody control procedures consist of
the following:

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Washington County Landfill Facility Water Quality Monitoring Plan
December 2016 Page 19
1. Chain-of-Custody will originate at the laboratory with the shipment of prepared
sample bottles and a sealed trip blank(s) in sealed coolers. Identical container
kits will be shipped by express carrier to the sampler or site or will be picked up
at the laboratory.

2. After sample kit delivery but prior to sampling, the sampler will inventory the
container kit checking consistency between the number and type of containers
present with what is indicated in the Chain-of-Custody forms and that required
for the sampling event.

3. Labels for individual sample containers will be written in the field, indicating the
site name, sample location/well number, date and time of sample collection,
analysis required, sampler’s initials, and preservation methods used for the
sample.

4. Collected specimens will be placed in the coolers on ice and will remain in the
continuous possession of the field technician until shipment or transferal as
provided by the Chain-of-Custody form has occurred. If continuous possession
cannot be maintained by the field technician, the coolers will be temporarily
sealed and placed in a secure area.

Once delivered to the laboratory, samples will be issued laboratory sample numbers
recorded into a logbook indicating client, sample location/well number, and delivery
date and time. The laboratory director or his designee will sign the Chain-of-Custody
control forms and formally receive the samples.

Submitted Chain-of-Custody form copies will be placed in the laboratory's analytical
project file and attached to the laboratory analysis report.

Chain-of-Custody forms will be used to transfer direct deliveries from the sampler to
the laboratory. A coded, express delivery shipping bill shall constitute the Chain-of
Custody between the sampler and laboratory for overnight courier deliveries.

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5.0 LABORATORY ANALYSIS
The samples will be analyzed for parameters specified by the DWM for detection monitoring
purposes including water quality field indicators (pH, conductivity, temperature, and turbidity)
and those constituents listed in Table 2. Analytical methods from Test Methods For Evaluating
Solid Waste - Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846) or Methods For the Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes will be consistent with the DWM’s policies regarding analytical methods and
reporting limits. Analysis will be performed by a laboratory certified by the DWM for the
analyzed parameters.

5.1 Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control
As stated above laboratory analysis will be performed by a NC Certified laboratory.
Formal environmental laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures
are to be utilized at all times. The laboratory must have a QA/QC program based on
specific routine procedures outlined in a written laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality
Control Manual. Internal quality control checks shall be undertaken regularly by the lab
to assess the precision and accuracy of analytical procedures.

5.2 Data Review
During analyses, quality control data and sample data shall be reviewed by the
laboratory manager to identify questionable data and determine if the necessary QA/QC
requirements are being followed. If a portion of the lab work is subcontracted, it is the
contracted laboratories responsibility to verify the subcontracted work is performed by
certified laboratories, using identical QA/QC procedures.

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6.0 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING
This section addresses the documentation and reporting requirements associated with the
WQMP implementation.

6.1 Field Logbook
During sampling activities, the field technician will keep an up-to-date logbook
documenting important information pertaining to the technician's field activities. The
field logbook will document the following:

 Site Name and Location;
 Sampling Date and Time;
 Climatic Conditions During Sampling Event;
 Sampling Location/Well Identification Number; and
 Signature of Field Technician.

Groundwater Sampling Observations
 Static Water Level and Well Bottom;
 Water Column Height;
 Condition of Monitoring Well;
 Monitoring Location Conditions, Including Access and Surroundings;
 Purged Water Volume and Relative Recharge Rate (High or Low);
 Observations on Purging and Sampling Event;
 Sample Collection Time; and
 Field Parameters: Temperature, pH, Specific Conductivity, and Turbidity
Readings; Also DO and ORP values.

6.2 Groundwater Flow Evaluation
After each monitoring event, the potentiometric surface will be evaluated to determine
the groundwater flow rate and direction at the site. The groundwater flow direction will
be determined by comparing groundwater surface elevations across the site with a
potentiometric surface map constructed from data collected during each event.
Groundwater flow rates will be determined using the following equation:

V=Ki
n

where: V = velocity (feet/day)
K = hydraulic conductivity (feet/day)
i = hydraulic gradient (feet/feet)
n = effective porosity of aquifer soils (unitless)

This evaluation will be used to determine if modifications to the WQMP may be required
(see Section 7.1).
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6.3 Reporting
A report summarizing the monitoring event and the analytical data from the event will be
submitted to the DWM within 120 days of completion of the event.

Monitoring reports will include the following:

1. A discussion of site geology and hydrogeology;
2. A discussion of the monitoring event procedures and results;
3. A groundwater flow evaluation (including a potentiometric surface map);
4. Analytical laboratory reports and summary tables;
5. Graphical and/or statistical analysis of analytical data may be reported but is not
required;
6. Solid Waste Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (Appendix A); and
7. Laboratory Data (in Electronic Data Deliverable Format - see Section 1.2).

Monitoring reports may be submitted electronically by e-mail or in paper copy form.
Copies of the reports will be kept at the landfill office.

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7.0 MONITORING PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS
This section addresses the procedures that should be followed with respect to water quality
monitoring program modifications.

7.1 Plan Modifications and Updates
After each water quality monitoring event, a groundwater flow evaluation will be
performed to determine the groundwater flow rate and direction at the site (Section
6.2). If this evaluation reveals the monitoring network is insufficient to monitor for a
potential release of solid waste constituents from the solid waste management area, a
modified plan will be prepared and submitted to the DWM for approval.

The need for plan modifications and updates will also be determined as part of regularly
scheduled permitting activities for the facility.

7.2 Well Abandonment/Rehabilitation
Should wells become irreversibly damaged or require rehabilitation, the DWM will be
notified. If monitoring wells and/or piezometers are damaged irreversibly they will be
abandoned under DWM direction following 15A NCAC 02C .0113. The abandonment
procedure in unconsolidated materials involves over-drilling and/or pulling the well
casing and plugging the well with a sealant such as neat cement grout and/or bentonite
clay. For bedrock well completions, the abandonment encompasses plugging the
interior well riser and screen with a sealant such as neat cement grout and/or bentonite
clay.

7.3 Additional Well Installations
Additional well installations will be carried out in accordance with DWM directives.
Monitoring wells will be installed under the supervision of a geologist or engineer who is
registered in North Carolina and who will certify to the DWM that the installation
complies with the North Carolina rules and regulations. For future well installations, the
documentation for well construction will be submitted by the registered geologist or
engineer to the DWM within sixty (60) days after well construction.

7.4 Implementation Schedule
The monitoring program proposed herein will be implemented following approval of this
Water Quality Monitoring Plan by the DWM.

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Tables

Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina
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Table 2
Analytical Parameters
Washington County Landfill Facility
By: JAS/MMG
Date: 11/8/2016
Constituents Synonyms
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Vanadium
Zinc
Temperature
pH
Turbidity
Specific Conductance
Acetone 2-Propanone
Acrylonitrile 2-Propenenitrile
Benzene
Bromochloromethane Chlorobromomethane
Bromodichloromethane Dibromochloromethane
Bromoform Tribromomethane
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Tetrachloride Tetrachloromethane
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane Ethyl chloride
Chloroform Trichloromethane
Dibromochloromethane Chlorodibromomethane
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane DBCP
1,2-Dibromoethane Ethylene dibromide, EDB
1,2-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene
trans-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
1,1-Dichloroethane Ethyldidene chloride
1,2-Dichloroethane Ethylene dichloride
1,1-Dichloroethylene Vinylidene chloride
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
1,2-Dichloropropane Propylene dichloride
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
Ethylbenzene
H:\Projects\Washington County\WASH-16-1 (C&DLF Permit Amendment Application)\Permit Amendment Application\H. Water Quality Monitoring
Plan\Table 2 -Analyte List- S+G.xlsx
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Table 2
Analytical Parameters
Washington County Landfill Facility
By: JAS/MMG
Date: 11/8/2016
Constituents Synonyms
2-Hexanone Methyl butyl ketone
Methyl bromide Bromomethane
Methyl chloride Chloromethane
Methyl ethyl ketone 2-Butanone
Methyl iodide Iodomethane
4-Methyl-2-pentanone Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methylene bromide Dibromomethane
Methylene chloride Dichloromethane
Styrene Ethenylbenzene
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene
Toluene Methyl benzene
1,1,1-Trichloroethane Methyl chloroform
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichloroflouromethane CFC-11
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Vinyl acetate Acetic acid, ethenyl ester
Vinyl chloride Choroethene
Xylenes Dimethyl benzene
C&D Landfill Additional Parameters:
Mercury
Chloride
Manganese
Sulfate
Iron
Alkalinity
Total Dissolved Solids
Tetrahydrofuran
H:\Projects\Washington County\WASH-16-1 (C&DLF Permit Amendment Application)\Permit Amendment Application\H. Water Quality Monitoring
Plan\Table 2 -Analyte List- S+G.xlsx
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Figure

Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina
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PHASE 2 C&D
LANDFILL AREA
PHASE 1 C&D
LANDFILL AREA
APPROXIMATE PROPERTY
LINE (SEE REFERENCE 1)
PHASE 1 TIRE MONOFILL
(SEE NOTE 1)
0 250'500'
CLOSED MSW
LANDFILL
LCID AREA
EXISTING COVER SOIL
BORROW AREA
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Appendix A
Environmental Monitoring Report Form

Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina
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Appendix B
Well Boring Logs

Water Quality Monitoring Plan
Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina
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Attachment I
Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Permit Application
Washington County C&D Landfill
Washington County, North Carolina

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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Washington County C&D Landfill
Washington County, North Carolina

Prepared for:

Washington County
Plymouth, North Carolina

December 2016

© 2016 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed upon by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.
F-1370 F-1370
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Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina

Prepared For:
Washington County
Plymouth, North Carolina

S+G Project No. WASHINGTON-16-1

Madeline M. German, P.G.
Project Geologist

Joan A. Smyth, P.G.
Vice President, Senior Hydrogeologist

December 2016

F-1370 F-1370
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12/20/2016
12/20/2016

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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
December 2016 Table of Contents Page i
Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 
1.1 Regulatory Requirements - MSW (and/or C&D) Landfills ....................................... 1 
1.2 Guidance Document .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3 Contact Information .................................................................................................. 2 
1.3.1 Washington County (County) ......................................................................... 2 
1.3.2 Engineer ........................................................................................................ 2 
1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ) ................ 3 
1.4 Existing Site Conditions ............................................................................................. 3 
1.4.1 Site Geology ................................................................................................... 3 
1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime .......................................................................... 4 
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................................................................... 5 
2.1 Monitoring Frequency ............................................................................................... 5 
2.2 Monitoring Network .................................................................................................. 5 
2.2.1 Existing Network ........................................................................................... 5 
2.2.2 Modifications to Monitoring Network ........................................................... 5 
2.3 Monitoring and Reporting ......................................................................................... 6 
2.3.1 Personnel ...................................................................................................... 6 
2.3.2 Equipment ..................................................................................................... 6 
2.3.3 Procedures .................................................................................................... 6 
2.3.4 Record Keeping ............................................................................................. 7 
2.4 Observations .............................................................................................................. 7 
3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN ................................................................................................ 8 
3.1 Immediate Action Plan .............................................................................................. 8 
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation ...................................................................... 8 
3.2 Remediation Plan ...................................................................................................... 8 

FIGURES
Figure 1 Site Monitoring Plan
Figure 2 Methane Monitoring Requirement Flowchart

APPENDICES
Appendix A Reporting Form

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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
December 2016 Page 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Landfill Gas (LFG) Monitoring Plan (plan) was prepared by Smith Gardner, Inc. to describe
the LFG monitoring program at the Washington County Landfill Facility which is located off of
Landfill Road near Roper, North Carolina. This landfill facility includes a closed unlined
municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill (NC Solid Waste Permit No. 94-02) and an active unlined
construction and demolition debris (C&D) landfill (NC Solid Waste Permit No. 94-04). This plan
describes the necessary procedures to satisfy applicable regulatory requirements (Section 1.1)
and guidance documents (Section 1.2) for landfill gas monitoring.

The Engineer has utilized the best available site data, practices, experience and judgment to
develop this plan. However, the plan may require modifications over time to accommodate
changing landfill conditions, changing receptors in areas adjacent to and around the landfill, or
other conditions that cannot be fully anticipated.

Uncontrolled migration of LFG (particularly methane (CH4)) can result in loss of life, injury, loss
of property, vegetative damage, and intolerable odors. Landfill monitoring includes exposure to
explosive gases. Monitoring personnel should be specifically trained in the management and
response for situations such as fire or explosion and confined space entry and possess an
awareness of changing conditions around the landfill.

Note that this plan does not address landfill gas collection and control, air quality, or other
related landfill gas regulations or requirements which may be applicable to this site at present
or in the future.
1.1 Regulatory Requirements - MSW (and/or C&D) Landfills
The North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules (C&D Landfills: 15A NCAC 13B.0544
(d); MSW Landfills: 15A NCAC 13B.1626(4)) requires the following for facilities having a
MSW landfill or C&D Landfill:

 Owners or operators of MSW or C&D landfill units must ensure that:
o the concentration of methane gas generated by the facility does not
exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit (LEL) for methane (1.25%
methane) in facility structures (excluding gas control or recovery system
components); and
o the concentration of methane gas does not exceed the LEL for methane
(5% methane) at the facility property boundary.

 Owners or operators of MSW landfill units must implement a routine methane
monitoring program and perform monitoring on at least a quarterly basis.

 If regulatory limits for methane gas concentrations are exceeded, a contingency
plan must be implemented for the protection of human health and safety.

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1.2 Guidance Document
This plan was developed generally following the Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance
document prepared by the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC
DEQ), Division of Waste Management (DWM)1.
1.3 Contact Information
Correspondence and questions concerning this plan should be directed to the
appropriate contact below:
1.3.1 Washington County (County)
Washington County Department of Public Utilities
396 West Millpond Road
Roper, NC 27970
Phone: [phone]

Contact: David Tawes, Public Utilities Director
[e-mail]

Washington County Landfill Facility
718 Landfill Road
Roper, NC 27970
P.O. Box 1007
Plymouth, NC 27962
Phone/Fax: [phone]

Contact: Carl Critcher, Landfill Manager
[e-mail]
1.3.2 Engineer
Smith Gardner, Inc.
14 N. Boylan Avenue
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603
Phone: [phone]

Contacts: Pieter K. Scheer, P.E.
[e-mail]
Madeline M. German, P.G.
[e-mail]

1 NC DEQ DWM (2010), “Landfill Gas Monitoring Guidance”, NC DEQ DWM Solid Waste Section, November
2010.
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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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1.3.3 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ)
Division of Waste Management (DWM) - Solid Waste Section:

North Carolina DEQ - Washington Regional Office
943 Washington Square Mall
Washington, NC 27889
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Contact: Ray Williams - Environmental Senior Specialist
[e-mail]
1.4 Existing Site Conditions
Washington County, North Carolina (County) currently owns and operates the
Washington County Landfill facility at 718 Landfill Road near Roper. The facility is
permitted for the disposal of construction and demolition debris (C&D) under Solid
Waste Permit No. 94-04. The County also conducts several other solid waste
management activities at the facility which include a closed municipal solid waste (MSW)
landfill unit located on the southwestern portion of the site, and an active C&D landfill
unit in the northeastern portion of the site that was previously used for borrow material.

The surrounding area is primarily forested, wetlands and agricultural. The site is bound
to the north and west by undeveloped land and agricultural land, to the east by Landfill
Road and agricultural land, and to the south by agricultural land.

Ground surface elevation rise is related to landfill activity, elevations range from
approximately El. 5 (feet above mean sea level) adjacent to the wetlands to El. 25 near
the site entrance (end of Landfill Road). The facility location and existing site conditions
are shown on Figure 1.
1.4.1 Site Geology
The Washington County Landfill is located in the Coastal Plain Physiographic
Province. The Coastal Plain consists of continental, near shore, and marine
sediments which were deposited during successive periods of fluctuating sea
level. According to the Geologic Map of North Carolina (USGS, 1985) this site is
underlain by Quaternary surficial deposits including sand, gravel, clay and peat
deposited in marine, fluvial, aeolian and lacustrine environments; typical for a
coastal plain environment.

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1.4.2 Local Groundwater Regime
Groundwater in the upper-most aquifer generally flows through unconsolidated
sediments to discharge into the Roanoke River, its tributaries and Swan Bay. The
groundwater potentiometric surface generally reflects a subdued expression of
the surface topography with groundwater generally flowing to the north into the
wetlands around the Albemarle Sound. Groundwater elevations at the site are
generally less than 5 ft. above mean sea level (amsl).

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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
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2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM
This section of the LFG Monitoring Plan addresses each aspect of the monitoring program
including monitoring frequency, monitoring network, and monitoring and reporting procedures.
2.1 Monitoring Frequency
Routine LFG monitoring will be conducted on a quarterly basis.
2.2 Monitoring Network
Existing monitoring locations are shown on Figure 1 and are summarized in the
following LFG monitoring network schedule below.

Washington County Landfill LFG Monitoring Network Schedule

Monitoring Locations: Structures
Scale House/Office
Maintenance Building
Animal Shelter

If desired by the County, a dedicated methane monitor may be installed within one or
more of the structures to be monitored.
2.2.1 Existing Network
The following facility structures are monitored: Scale House/Office, Maintenance
Building, and Animal Shelter. Due to shallow groundwater conditions, the
location of wetlands around much of the facility, and the significant distances to
off-site receptors, there are no landfill gas monitoring wells at the facility.
2.2.2 Modifications to Monitoring Network
There are no modifications proposed for the monitoring network at this time.

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December 2016 Page 6
2.3 Monitoring and Reporting
Monitoring and reporting of LFG concentrations will be performed as outlined below.
2.3.1 Personnel
LFG monitoring will be performed by personnel who are familiar with the
requirements of this plan and who are trained in LFG hazards and explosive gas
meter use. As practical, a designated technician will be assigned to regular LFG
monitoring duty.
2.3.2 Equipment
A LandtecTM GEM-2000 infrared portable gas analyzer (or equivalent) will be
used to monitor facility structures. This analyzer, which is calibrated to methane
(CH4), operates using the infrared spectral property of methane to measure
concentrations in air. Measurements of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) will
also be made with this meter. This meter may be used in oxygen deficient areas
(less than 10% O2) since oxygen is not required for a chemical combustion of
flammable gases within the meter.

On the day of monitoring, prior to monitoring activities, this meter will be field
calibrated. Additionally, all monitoring equipment should be regularly calibrated
in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and operated only as
instructed.
2.3.3 Procedures
Prior to each monitoring event, the portable gas analyzer will be calibrated with a
known calibration standard in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations. General information related to the monitoring event,
equipment used, calibration procedures, weather conditions, and results for
each monitoring event will be recorded on the landfill gas monitoring data form
(Appendix A).

The following steps outline the procedure for the monitoring of facility
structures:

 Check calibration date on the meter and calibrate according to
manufacturers instructions; allowing equipment to warm up properly
prior to use, per manufacturers direction.
 Purge sample tube for one minute before monitoring.
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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
December 2016 Page 7
Structures:
o Walk through the facility structure with a methane analyzer and
monitor the perimeter wall interface of the structure, the floor to
wall interface in hallways and rooms, and any floor penetrations in
the structure. Record the initial and stabilized methane
concentrations, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide
concentration.
o Record monitoring data on the LFG monitoring data form provided
in Appendix A.
o Notify the Landfill Manager and the Engineer for any methane
concentration greater than 0% of the LEL.

IF A STABILIZED METHANE CONCENTRATION IS GREATER THAN 25% OF
THE LEL IN A FACILITY STRUCTURE, THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS WILL BE
IMPLEMENTED:

1) Recalibrate monitoring equipment and confirm results.
2) If results are confirmed, IMMEDIATELY contact the Landfill Manager and
the Engineer.
3) Implement the Immediate Action Plan located in Section 3.1.
2.3.4 Record Keeping
Routine LFG monitoring events will be documented on the LFG monitoring data
form provided in Appendix A. Completed forms will be placed in the landfill
operating record located at the landfill office. These forms will be available for
review by DWM personnel on request.

Documentation of any contingency plan actions (Section 3.0) will also be kept in
the operating record.
2.4 Observations
Periodic site observations of landfill cover conditions, areas of dead vegetation, leachate
seeps, odors, etc. as indications of potential LFG-related problems will be conducted
routinely. Any issues identified will be reported to the Landfill Manager for
correction/repair as necessary.

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Washington County Landfill Facility Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
December 2016 Page 8
3.0 CONTINGENCY PLAN
If a stabilized methane concentration is greater than 25% of the LEL in a facility structure,
the County will perform both an immediate action and plan and a remediation plan as described
below and as summarized on Figure 2.
3.1 Immediate Action Plan
The Landfill Manager will perform the following actions for the protection of human
health and safety:

1) Evacuate affected facility structures and the immediately surrounding area.
2) Determine nearby potential receptors (facility and off-site structures).
3) Perform monitoring in any other facility structure near the monitoring location
having the high concentration.
4) Contact the local Fire Department (911). Coordinate evaluation of potentially
affected off-site structures with the Fire Department.
5) Verbally notify the Public Utilities Director, or his designee.
6) Verbally notify the DWM (Section 1.1) as soon as practical.
7) Investigate and identify the potential source(s) and conduit(s) for LFG migration
that may have caused the high concentration (i.e. the path that the LFG may be
taking to the monitoring location).
8) Identify the LFG extent using bar hole punch sampling methodology or other
applicable alternative method as practical.
9) As appropriate, begin corrective action to control methane concentrations in
structures surrounding the landfill site.
3.1.1 Reporting and Documentation
Within seven days of the detection of a high methane concentration, the County
will prepare and submit an Environmental Monitoring Reporting Form (Appendix
A) with the results of the monitoring event to the DWM. The County will also
place a description of the actions performed to protect human health in the
operating record.
3.2 Remediation Plan
Within sixty days of the detection of a high methane concentration, a remediation plan
describing the problem nature, extent, and proposed remedy will be prepared and
submitted to the DWM for approval. Following approval, the plan will be implemented
and a copy will be placed in the operating record. The DWM will also be notified the plan
has been implemented.

An extension may be granted by the DWM on written request and depending on severity
of the situation.
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Figures

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina
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PHASE 2 C&D
LANDFILL AREA
PHASE 1 C&D
LANDFILL AREA
APPROXIMATE PROPERTY
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0 250'500'
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METHANE MONITORING REQUIREMENT
WASHINGTON COUNTY LANDFILLS
NORTH CAROLINA
C.T.J.M.M.G. N.T.S.WASH 16-1 2 WASH-A0057Nov 2016
2.WITHIN 7 DAYS1.IMMEDIATELY 3.WITHIN 60 DAYS
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Appendix A
Reporting Form

Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
Washington County Landfill Facility
Washington County, North Carolina
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Form based on NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section, Landfill Gas Monitoring
Guidance, November 2010, pg. 16.
Landfill Gas Monitoring Data Form

Notice: This form and any information attached to it are "Public Records" as defined in NC General Statute 132-1. As such, these
documents are available for inspection and examination by any person upon request (NC General Statute 132-6).

Facility Name: ______________________________________________ Permit Number: ______________
Date of Sampling: ___________________ NC Landfill Rule (.0500 or .1600): _____________________
Name and Position of Sample Collector: _________________________________________
Type and Serial Number of Gas Meter: _______________________________ Calibration Date of Gas Meter: _____________
Date and Time of Field Calibration: ___________________Type of Field Calibration Gas (15/15 or 35/50): ____________
Expiration Date of Field Calibration Gas Canister: ________Pump Rate of Gas Meter: _____________
Ambient Air Temperature: __________ Barometric Pressure: ______________General Weather Conditions: _____________
Instructions: Under “Location or LFG Well” identify the monitoring wells or describe the location for other tests (e.g., inside buildings).
A drawing showing the location of test must be attached. Report methane readings in both % LEL and % methane by volume. A reading
in percent methane by volume can be converted to % LEL as follows: % methane by volume = % LEL/20.

Location
or LFG
Well ID
Sample
Tube
Purge
Time
Time
Pumped
(s)
Initial
% LEL
Stabilized
% LEL
%CH4 by
Volume %O2 %CO2 H2S
(ppm) Notes

If your facility has more gas monitoring locations than there is room on this form, please attach additional sheets listing the same
information as contained on this form.

Certification
To the best of my knowledge, the information reported and statements made on this data submittal and attachments are true
and correct. I am aware that there are significant penalties for making any false statement, representation, or certification
including the possibility of a fine and imprisonment.

_________________________________________ _________________________________________
SIGNATURE TITLE
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