0603_AveryCo_CDLF_RevisedOpsPlan_DIN27592_20170403

H:\Projects\Avery County (NC)\Avery-17-2 Wood Grinding Permit Modification\Ops Plan\Avery Cover Letter.docx
April 3, 2017

Mr. Allen Gaither, P.E.
Permitting Engineer
NCDEQ-Division of Waste Management
2090 U.S. 70 Highway
Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778-8211

RE: Avery County Solid Waste Facility
NC Solid Waste Permit No: 06-03
Avery County, North Carolina

Dear Mr. Gaither:

On behalf of Avery County, Smith Gardner, Inc. (S+G) requests your review and approval of
the enclosed revised Operations Plan and Existing Conditions Drawing for the above
referenced facility.

The enclosed revisions address the County’s desire to stockpile and process clean wood
waste prior to disposal. This additional processing is expected to densify the wood waste,
which may extend the life of the County’s C&DLF or increase transfer weights in the event
C&D debris is commingled with MSW for transfer.

We appreciate your review and are prepared to immediately address any questions or
concerns regarding our submission. Please contact us with any questions or concerns at
[phone] or by email below.

Sincerely,
SMITH GARDNER, INC.

W. Michael Brinchek, P.E. Greg Mills, P.E.
Senior Project Manager, ext. 128 Senior Engineer, ext. 129
[e-mail] [e-mail]

Attachment

cc: Eric Foster, Avery County
File
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Attachment 1
Operations Plan

Avery County Solid Waste
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 06-03
Avery County, North Carolina
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OPERATIONS MANUAL

Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina
Permit No. 06-03

Prepared for:

Avery County
Newland, North Carolina

March 2016 (Modified March 2017)

Prepared by:

© 2017 Smith Gardner, Inc.
This document is intended for the sole use of the client for which it was prepared and
for the purpose agreed on by the client and Smith Gardner, Inc.
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4/3/2017

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Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina
Permit No. 06-03

Operations Manual

Table of Contents
Page

1.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATION ..................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................1
1.2 Contact Information .................................................................................................1
1.2.1 Avery County ............................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality ............................... 2
1.3 Facility Operations ...................................................................................................3
1.3.1 Facility Operating Hours ............................................................................. 3
1.3.2 Operating Capacity ...................................................................................... 3
1.3.3 Service Area ................................................................................................ 3
1.3.4 Disposal Facility .......................................................................................... 3
1.4 Access Control .........................................................................................................4
1.4.1 Physical Restraints ..................................................................................... 4
1.4.2 Security ....................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Signage ....................................................................................................................4
1.5.1 Waste Limit Markers................................................................................... 5
1.6 Communications ......................................................................................................5
1.7 Fire Control ..............................................................................................................5
1.7.1 Fire Tetrahedron ......................................................................................... 5
1.7.2 Equipment ................................................................................................... 6
1.7.3 General Fire Management Strategies ........................................................ 6
1.7.4 Fires Within Disposal Areas ........................................................................ 6
1.7.5 Notification .................................................................................................. 7
1.7.6 Coordination With Local Fire Department .................................................. 7
1.8 Severe Weather Conditions.....................................................................................7
1.8.1 Ice Storms ................................................................................................... 7
1.8.2 Heavy Rains ................................................................................................. 7
1.8.3 Electrical Storms ........................................................................................ 8
1.8.4 Windy Conditions ......................................................................................... 8
1.8.5 Violent Storms............................................................................................. 8
1.9 Equipment Requirements ........................................................................................8
1.10 Personnel Requirements .........................................................................................9
1.11 Health and Safety .....................................................................................................9
1.11.1 Personal Hygiene ......................................................................................10
1.11.2 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................................10
1.11.3 Mechanical Equipment Hazard Prevention ..............................................11
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1.11.4 Employee Health and Safety .....................................................................11
1.11.5 Physical Exposure.....................................................................................11
1.11.6 Material Safety Data Sheets .....................................................................11
1.12 Utilities ................................................................................................................... 11
1.13 Recordkeeping Program ........................................................................................ 11
2.0 WASTE HANDLING OPERATIONS .................................................................................. 13
2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 13
2.2 Acceptable Waste ................................................................................................... 13
2.2.1 C&D Landfill ...............................................................................................13
2.2.2 Transfer Station .........................................................................................14
2.2.3 Recycling Recovery Areas ..........................................................................14
2.2.4 Mobile Home Deconstruction Area ............................................................15
2.2.5 Asbestos Waste Disposal ...........................................................................15
2.2.6 Wood Waste Processing ............................................................................15
2.3 Prohibited Wastes .................................................................................................. 15
2.3.1 C&D Landfill Unit .......................................................................................15
2.3.2 Transfer Station .........................................................................................17
2.3.3 Recycling Area ...........................................................................................17
2.4 Waste Screening Programs ................................................................................... 17
2.4.1 Waste Receiving and Inspection ................................................................18
2.4.2 Hazardous Waste Contingency Plan ..........................................................19
2.5 Waste Disposal....................................................................................................... 20
2.5.1 Access ........................................................................................................20
2.5.2 General Procedures ...................................................................................20
2.5.3 C&D Landfill Disposal Procedures ............................................................20
2.5.3.1 Periodic Cover ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
2.5.3.2 Intermediate Cover .......................................................................................................................................... 21
2.5.3.3 Height Monitoring ............................................................................................................................................. 21
2.5.4 Special Waste Management.......................................................................21
2.5.4.1 Asbestos Management ................................................................................................................................. 21
2.5.4.2 Deconstruction of Mobile Homes ....................................................................................................... 23
2.5.4.3 Asphalt Shingles .............................................................................................................................................. 23
2.5.4.4 Animal Carcasses ............................................................................................................................................ 23
2.5.5 Transfer Station Management ...................................................................23
2.5.5.1 Building Features .............................................................................................................................................. 23
2.5.5.2 General Procedures ....................................................................................................................................... 24
2.5.5.3 Storage ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
2.5.5.4 Transfer Truck Loading ................................................................................................................................ 25
2.5.5.5 Transfer Area Maintenance ...................................................................................................................... 25
2.5.5.6 Leachate Management ............................................................................................................................... 26
2.5.6 Wood Waste Processing Management .....................................................26
2.5.6.1 General Procedures ........................................................................................................................................ 26
2.5.6.2 Access ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26
2.5.6.3 Storage ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26
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2.5.6.4 Disposal .................................................................................................................................................................. 27
3.0 RECYCLING AND RECOVERY AREA OPERATIONS .......................................................... 28
3.1 White Goods Handling Area ................................................................................... 28
3.2 Used Tire Storage Area .......................................................................................... 28
3.3 Mobile Home Deconstruction Area ........................................................................ 28
3.4 Asphalt Shingles .................................................................................................... 28
3.5 Other Storage Areas .............................................................................................. 28
3.6 Markets .................................................................................................................. 29
3.7 Safety ..................................................................................................................... 29
3.8 Operations .............................................................................................................. 29
3.9 Equipment .............................................................................................................. 29
3.10 Personnel ............................................................................................................... 30
3.11 Recovered Material Management .......................................................................... 30
3.12 Recordkeeping ....................................................................................................... 30
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ................................................................................. 31
4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 31
4.2 Erosion and Sedimentation Control ....................................................................... 31
4.3 Water Quality Monitoring ....................................................................................... 31
4.4 Landfill Gas Control ............................................................................................... 32
4.5 Litter Control ......................................................................................................... 32
4.6 Vector Control ........................................................................................................ 32
4.7 Odor Control........................................................................................................... 33
4.8 Dust Control ........................................................................................................... 33
4.9 Interim Cover ......................................................................................................... 33
4.10 Interim Cover Monitoring ....................................................................................... 33

TABLES (within text)
Table 1 Equipment Requirements
Table 2 Personnel Requirements
Table 3 Transfer Station Features

FIGURES
Figure 1 Site Vicinity Map
Figure 2 Facility Map
Figure 3 Service Area Map
Figure 4 Waste Placement Grid

APPENDICES
Appendix A Fire Occurrence Notification Form
Appendix B Paint Filter Liquids Test – EPA Method 9095
Appendix C Waste Screening Form
Appendix D Mobile Home Deconstruction
Appendix E Asphalt Shingle Recycling

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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual
March 2016 (Modified March 2017) Page 1
1.0 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATION
1.1 Overview
This Operations Manual was prepared for the Avery County Solid Waste Facility, which
operates a construction and demolition debris (C&D) landfill and a transfer station under
Permit No. 06-03. The Avery County Solid Waste Facility is located at 2275 Brushy Creek
Road, in Ingalls, NC as shown on the Site Vicinity Map, included as Figure 1. The landfill
facility is located on approximately 80 acres owned by Avery County. This document
discusses the operations of the landfill unit and other solid waste management
activities:

• Scales and scale house facilities;
• Construction and Demolition Debris (C&D) landfill;
• Mobile home deconstruction Area;
• White Goods Area;
• Recycling Recovery Areas;
• Asphalt Shingles;
• Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM) handling; and
• Transfer Station.

Refer to the facility map, Figure 2, for the location of existing and proposed landfill units
and other solid waste management activities.

The information contained herein was prepared to provide the facility with a clear
understanding of how the Design Engineer assumed that the completed facility would be
operated. While deviations from the operations outlined here may be acceptable, they
should be reviewed and approved by the Design Engineer. Please refer to the
appropriate permit application for a detailed discussion and calculations for the
individual components of each landfill unit, including phasing plans.
1.2 Contact Information
Correspondence and questions concerning the operation of the Avery County Solid
Waste Facility should be directed to the appropriate Operator and State personnel listed
below. For fire or police emergencies, dial 911.
1.2.1 Avery County
Avery County Landfill and Scale House
Physical Address: 2175 Brushy Creek Road
Ingalls, North Carolina 27610
Mailing Address: 2175 Brushy Creek Road
Spruce Pine, North Carolina 28777
Scale House Phone: [phone]
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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual
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Avery County Solid Waste Department (Office)
Address: 175 Linville Street
Newland, North Carolina 28657
Phone: [phone]

Solid Waste Director: Eric Foster
Email: [e-mail]
1.2.2 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
North Carolina DEQ - Raleigh Central Office (RCO)
217 West Jones Street
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1646
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

North Carolina DEQ – Asheville Regional Office (ARO)
2090 U.S. Highway 70
Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Division of Waste Management (DWM) - Solid Waste Section:
Permitting Branch Head: Edward Mussler III, P.E. (RCO)
Email: [e-mail]
Environmental Engineer: Allen Gaither (ARO)
Email: [e-mail]
Field Operations Branch Head: Jason Watkins (WSRO)
Email: [e-mail]
Western District Supervisor: Deb Aja (ARO)
Email: [e-mail]
Environmental Senior Specialist: Bill Wagner (ARO)
Email: [e-mail]
Hydrogeologist: Perry Sugg (RCO)
Email: [e-mail]

Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources- Land Quality Section

Address: 800 Barrett Drive
Raleigh, North Carolina 27609
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Regional Engineer: Stan Aiken, P.E. (ARO)
Email: [e-mail]
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1.3 Facility Operations
1.3.1 Facility Operating Hours
Normal hours of operation are 8:00 A.M. and 4:30 P.M. Monday to Friday and 9:00
A.M. to 1:00 P.M. Saturday. The facility will be closed on Sundays and holidays
designated by the County. The County may elect to modify these hours
periodically as required to manage the facility, including disaster or other
emergency situations.
1.3.2 Operating Capacity
The operating capacity for the solid waste facility is estimated to be
approximately 15,000 tons per year (~50 tons per day based on 312 operating
days per year) for the transfer station, 10,000 tons per year of C&D waste, and an
allowance of up to two mobile homes on-site at one time for deconstruction
purposes.
1.3.3 Service Area
The service area for the facility includes both North Carolina and Tennessee
counties as shown in Figure 3.

North Carolina counties: Avery County, Burke County, Caldwell County, McDowell
County, Mitchell County, and Watauga County.
Tennessee counties: Carter County, Johnson County, and Unicoi County.
1.3.4 Disposal Facility
The anticipated disposal facilities for the transfer station (subject to change)
include the following facilities:

1. Bristol Integrated Waste Management Facility, Bristol, VA - Permit No. 588
2. Iris Glen Environmental Center, Johnson City, TN –
Permit No. SNL-901040262
3. Caldwell County Foothills Landfill, Lenoir, NC - Permit No. 14-03
(NC Originated Wastes Only)

In the event that new disposal facility agreements are negotiated other than the
list (above), the facility will provide a notice to the DWM within 30 calendar days
and a permit modification may be required.

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1.4 Access Control
Limiting access to the Avery County Solid Waste Facility is important for the following
reasons:

• Unauthorized and illegal dumping of waste materials is prevented.
• Trespassing, and injury resulting therefrom, is discouraged.
• The risk of vandalism is greatly reduced.

Access to active areas of the landfill will be controlled by a combination of fences and
natural barriers, and strictly enforced operating hours. A scale house attendant will be
on duty at all times when the landfill facility is open for public use to enforce access
restrictions.
1.4.1 Physical Restraints
The site will be primarily accessed by the existing entrance on Brushy Creek
Road. Each entrance will have a gate which will be securely locked during non-
operating hours. Scales, scale house and office are provided at the primary
entrance. All waste will be initially screened and weighed prior to being placed in
the landfill or directed to the recycling recover area or the transfer station
facility. Mobile homes scheduled for deconstruction will not be weighed but will
be directed to the mobile home deconstruction area.
1.4.2 Security
The Avery County solid waste facility is secured by fencing, security gates and
natural buffers. Frequent inspections of gates and fences will be performed by
landfill personnel. The County will arrange for a random security patrol of the
main gate to further discourage trespassing. Evidence of trespassing,
vandalism, or illegal operation will be reported to the County Solid Waste
Director to coordinate the repair or replacement of damaged property and
ensure the integrity of the facility’s security.
1.5 Signage
A prominent sign(s) containing the information required by the DWM is located
immediately inside the main entrance to the facility. This sign(s) will provide information
on operating hours, operating procedures, acceptable wastes and/or information as
required under the facility permit. Additional signage will be provided as necessary
within the waste disposal complex to distinguish the roadways to the active waste
disposal areas, manage and direct traffic, regulate speed limits, identify groundwater
monitoring wells, and define waste boundaries. Service and maintenance roads for use
by operations personnel will be clearly marked and barriers (e.g., traffic cones, barrels,
etc.) will be provided as required. Landfill personnel will routinely inspect the conditions
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of the posted signage to ensure they are clearly visible and intact. Damaged or missing
signage will be replaced.
1.5.1 Waste Limit Markers
During construction of new phases, expansion of the facility, or following closure
of areas, waste limit markers will be used to identify the permitted limits of
waste. The waste markers will be constructed of non-degradable material and
will clearly state “waste limit” or “edge of liner” in bold lettering. Offsets are
acceptable such that all wording is clear to DWM and operational staff. The waste
markers will be maintained and replaced when damaged.
1.6 Communications
Two way radio communications is maintained between the active landfill unit, the scale
house and office. The scale house and office have telephones in case of emergency and
for the conduct of day-to-day business. Emergency telephone numbers are displayed in
these locations. Cellular phones are available for key operating staff (i.e. managers,
operators).
1.7 Fire Control
No open burning of waste is allowed at the facility; however, the possibility of fire within
the processing and storage areas, the landfill, or on a piece of equipment must be
anticipated in the daily operation of the facility. Potential fire hazards include both
surface conditions and subsurface conditions. Surface conditions include equipment
operations and newly placed waste. Subsurface conditions include existing waste
previously landfilled.
1.7.1 Fire Tetrahedron1
To better understand the fire’s properties we
examine the fundamental methods to extinguish it.
The fire “tetrahedron” illustrates the rule that to
ignite and burn, each component represents a
property of flaming fire; fuel, oxygen, heat, and
chemical chain reaction. A fire is prevented or extinguished by removing any one
of them. A fire naturally occurs when the elements are combined in the right
mixture (e.g., more heat needed for igniting some fuels, unless there is
concentrated oxygen). The fire tetrahedron is a more modern adaptation of the
traditional fire “triangle” recognizing the chemical reactions that may occur as a
component – “the uninhibited chain reaction”. This chain reaction is the feedback
of heat to the fuel to produce the gaseous fuel used in the flame. In other words,
the chain reaction provides the heat necessary to maintain the fire. These

1 National Fire Protection Association (www.nfpa.org)
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principles are integral in the prevention and management of potential fire
situations. Please note this information is considered as a basis of
understanding and may be superseded by the direction and skill of the local Fire
Marshall.
1.7.2 Equipment
A combination of factory installed fire suppression systems and/or portable fire
extinguishers will be operational on all pieces of heavy equipment at all times.
Potential fire hazards are created from the build-up of fine, dry dust particles on
and around operational motors and control panels. The presence of these build-
ups can cause overheating and potential fire if periodic equipment cleaning and
maintenance are not practiced. Portable fire extinguishers should be maintained
in a state of readiness on each piece of moving equipment and equipment should
be cleaned periodically.
1.7.3 General Fire Management Strategies
Each fire situation is site specific; however, general strategies for active fire
management include the following (in no particular order):

• Accelerated high temperature combustion (displacing fuel);
• Covering of the landfill burn area with soil (reduce oxygen);
• Covering of the burn area with foams (reduce oxygen);
• Flooding the burn area with water (reduce heat);
• Injecting an inert gas such as CO2 (reduce oxygen);
• Excavating the burning material (displacing fuel) and then extinguishing it
in small controlled areas; and
• Applying extinguishing agents that will interfere with and inhibit the
combustion process at the molecular level (break the chemical reaction).
1.7.4 Fires Within Disposal Areas
Sources of fire within the transfer station can result from “hot” loads or
combustible materials being discharged within the facility, the build-up of fine
particulates inside the facility, or from the mixing of incompatible materials
during the transfer process.

Fires within the landfill disposal areas will be limited by the use of periodic cover
as a fire break and control of "hot" loads entering the landfill. Trained personnel
at the scale house will turn away all trucks containing waste that is suspected to
be hot. If a hot load is placed on the working face, then the load will be spread as
thin as possible and cover soil will be immediately placed on the waste to
extinguish the fire.

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In general, fires that break out close to the surface of the disposal area should be
excavated and smothered with cover material. Deep fires should be smothered
out by placing moist soil on the surface and by constructing soil barriers around
the fire. Where the smothering technique fails, the burning material must be
excavated and smothered or quenched with water once the burning material is
brought to the surface. Note that water is usually not effective unless it can be
directly applied to the burning material.
1.7.5 Notification
The County will verbally notify the DWM (see Section 1.2.2) within 24 hours of fire
discovery within any landfill disposal area. In addition, written documentation
describing the fire, the actions carried out to extinguish the fire, and a strategy
for preventing future occurrences will be provided to the DWM within 15 days
following any such occurrence on the Fire Occurrence Notification Form included
in Appendix A.
1.7.6 Coordination With Local Fire Department
A copy of this Operations Manual will be filed with the local fire department
including all contact information for the facility.
1.8 Severe Weather Conditions
Inclement weather conditions can directly affect the operation of the facility. Some of
these weather conditions and recommended operational responses are as follows.
1.8.1 Ice Storms
An ice storm can make access to the landfill dangerous, prevent movement or
placement of periodic cover, and, thus, may require closure of the facility until
the ice is removed or has melted. The determination to discontinue activities due
to inclement weather conditions will be made by the Site Manager.
1.8.2 Heavy Rains
Exposed soil surfaces can create a muddy situation in some portions of the
landfill during rainy periods. Drainage control and use of crushed stone on
unpaved roads should provide adequate all-weather access for the site and
promote drainage away from critical areas. In areas where the aggregate
surface is washed away or otherwise damaged, new aggregate should be used
for repair.

Intense rains can affect newly constructed drainage structures such as swales,
diversions, cover soils, and vegetation. After such a rain event, inspection by
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landfill personnel will be initiated and corrective measures implemented to
repair any damage found before the next rainfall.
1.8.3 Electrical Storms
The open area of a landfill is susceptible to the hazards of an electrical storm. If
necessary, landfilling activities will be temporarily suspended during such an
event. To guarantee the safety of all field personnel, refuge will be available in
the on-site buildings or in rubber tired vehicles.
1.8.4 Windy Conditions
Landfill operations during a particularly windy period may require that the
working face be temporarily shifted to a more sheltered area. When this is done,
the previously exposed face will be immediately covered with cover materials. In
addition, laborers will pick up wind-blown debris as needed after episodes of
strong wind.

Transfer station activities conducted during windy conditions may result in waste
escaping the confines of the building and tunnel areas. Results of such weather
events may result in the halting of the processing activities until waste can be
contained.
1.8.5 Violent Storms
In the event of hurricane, tornado, or severe winter storm warning issued by the
National Weather Service, disposal and processing operations may be
temporarily suspended until the warning is lifted. Cover material will be placed
on exposed waste and buildings and equipment will be properly secured.
1.9 Equipment Requirements
The Operator will make available as needed the equipment required to perform the
necessary facility activities. Periodic maintenance of all equipment and minor and major
repair work will be performed at designated maintenance zones.

The anticipated equipment requirements for operation and maintenance of the site are
listed in the following table. These may vary based on volume coming into the facility for
disposal.

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Table 1: Equipment Requirements

Description Primary Function (Allocation)
1) Dozer (1) C&D operations, soil cover loading, and site
maintenance
2) Solid Rubber-tired Front
End Loader (1)
Loading, site cleanup, and transfer operations
3) Trackhoe (1) C&D operations, excavation, and site maintenance.
4) Off-road Truck (1) Site transportation and hauling.
5) Other Equipment As needed.
1.10 Personnel Requirements
An attendant will be present to oversee the unloading of waste. At least one member of
the supervisory staff will be certified as a Manager of Landfill Operations (MOLO) by the
Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) or other NCDEQ approved training
program. Each employee will participate in an annual training course (lead by
supervisory personnel). As part of this training, personnel learn to recognize loads
which may contain prohibited wastes, address emergency events, and review general
operation procedures and requirements.

The anticipated personnel requirements for operation and maintenance of the site are
listed in the following table. The numbers of site personnel can be adjusted based on
volume of waste received for disposal.

Table 2: Personnel Requirements

Description Primary Function (Allocation)
1) Site Manager (1) Overall facility management
2) Scale House Attendant (1) Receiving and weight for incoming loads
3) Operators (2) Management of transfer station and landfill areas
4) Labor (1) General labor and operational staff around the site
1.11 Health and Safety
All aspects of the facility operations were developed with the health and safety of the
operating staff, customers, and neighbors in mind. Prior to commencement of
operations of the facility, a member of the operating staff will be designated site safety
officer. This individual, together with the facility's management will modify the site
safety and emergency response program to remain consistent with SWANA and
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidance.

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Safety equipment provided includes equipment rollover protective cabs, seat belts,
audible reverse warning devices, hard hats, safety shoes, and first aid kits. Facility
personnel will be encouraged to complete the American Red Cross Basic First Aid
Course. Other safety requirements as designated by the County will also be
implemented.

Facility employees will go through an annual training course in health and safety lead by
supervisory staff. All training will be documented and attested to by signatures of the
trainer and trainee. The following are some general recommendations for the health
and safety of workers:
1.11.1 Personal Hygiene
The following items are recommended as a minimum of practice:

• Wash hands before eating, drinking, or smoking.
• Wear personal protective equipment as described in Section 1.11.2.
• Wash, disinfect, and bandage ANY cut, no matter how small it is. Any
break in the skin can become a source of infection.
• Keep fingernails closely trimmed and clean (dirty nails can harbor
pathogens).
1.11.2 Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be evaluated as to the level of
protection necessary for particular operating conditions and then made available
to facility employees. The list below includes the PPE typically used and/or
required in a solid waste management facility workplace.

• Safety shoes with steel toes.
• Noise reduction protection should be used in areas where extended
exposure to continuous high decibel levels is expected.
• Disposable rubber latex or chemical resistant gloves for handling and/or
sampling of waste materials.
• Dust filter masks.
• Hard hats (in designated areas).
• Portable eyewash.
• Safety goggles.
• Safety vests.

Following use, PPE’s should be disposed of or adequately cleaned, dried, or
readied for reuse.

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1.11.3 Mechanical Equipment Hazard Prevention
Equipment should be operated with care and caution. All safety equipment such
as horns, backup alarms, and lights should be functional. A Lockout-Tagout
program will be used to identify equipment in need or under repair and insure
that operation is “off-limits” prior to maintenance or repair. All operators will be
trained in the proper operation of equipment.
1.11.4 Employee Health and Safety
Some general safety rules are:

• Consider safety first when planning and conducting activities.
• Review the equipment O&M manual(s) prior to attempting
repairs/changes.
• Remember the buddy system for repair of mechanical equipment.
• Post emergency contact phone numbers.
• Provide easy and visible access to the Right to Know materials.
• Provide easy and visible access to first aid kits and fire extinguishers.
1.11.5 Physical Exposure
Facility personnel may come in contact with the fluids, solids, and airborne
constituents found at the facility. Routine training should be conducted
regarding the individual and collective materials used at the facility and their
associated hazards. Training concerning safe work practices around these
potential exposures should cover equipment use and proper disposal
procedures.
1.11.6 Material Safety Data Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) will be collected on every waste (if available
and appropriate) that enters the facility. Information will also be made available
for all chemicals stored on site for use at the facility. MSDS sheets will be stored
in a location with all other Right to Know information for the site.
1.12 Utilities
Electrical power, water and telephone are provided at the scale house and office; a
restroom will be provided at the transfer station.
1.13 Recordkeeping Program
The Operator will maintain the following records in an operating record at the facility:

A. Current permit(s) (Permit to Construct, Permit to Operate, etc.);
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B. Current operations manual/plan and engineering plan;
C. Inspection reports;
D. Audit and compliance records;
E. Annual landfill reports (including survey and other documentation related to
airspace usage);
F. Waste inspection records (Section 2.4.1);
G. Daily tonnage records and disposal records maintained at the scale house -
including source of generation;
H. Waste determination records;
I. Quantity, location of disposal, generator, and special handling procedures for all
special wastes disposed of at the site (if applicable);
J. List of generators and haulers that have attempted to dispose of restricted
wastes;
K. Employee training procedures and records of training completed;
L. Ground water monitoring and surface water quality information (See the current
Water Quality Monitoring Plan) including:
1. Monitoring well construction records;
2. Sampling dates and results;
3. Results of inspections, repairs, etc.
M. LFG monitoring results and remedial measures as required (see the current LFG
Monitoring Plan);
N. Closure and post-closure information, where applicable, including:
1. Notification of intent to close;
2. Testing;
3. Certification; and
4. Recording.
O. Cost estimates or financial assurance documentation;
P. A notation of the date and time of final cover placement (where applicable);
Q. OSHA 300 logs;
R. Asbestos disposal records;
S. Mobile Home Acceptance Records;
T. Laboratory Testing identifying soil or mulch properties such as density and
gradation (if performed);
U. Documentation of Asphalt Shingle Recycling (see Section 2.5.4.3 and Appendix E)
The operating record will be kept up to date by the Solid Waste Director or his designee.
It will be presented on request to the DWM for inspection. A copy of this Operations
Manual will be kept at the facility and will be available for use at all times.
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2.0 WASTE HANDLING OPERATIONS
2.1 Overview
This section describes the required waste handling operations for the Avery County Solid
Waste Facility including: the C&D landfill, the mobile home deconstruction area, the
solid waste transfer station facility and the recycling recovery areas.

On or before August 1st of every year (or at an earlier date as requested by the Division),
the owner or operator shall report to the NC DWM Section, for the previous year
beginning July 1st and ending June 30th, the amount by weight of the solid waste that was
received at the facility and disposed of in the landfill. To the maximum extent
practicable, such reports shall indicate by weight the COUNTY of origin of all solid waste.
The owner or operator shall transmit a copy of the report to the county in which the
facility is located and to each county in which waste originated. A waste placement grid
is provided as Figure 4.
2.2 Acceptable Waste
2.2.1 C&D Landfill
The Avery County C&D landfill only accepts wastes generated within the
approved service area (Section 1.3.3). C&D waste is landfilled on-site within the
waste disposal permitted boundaries. C&D waste materials must satisfy the
following definitions to be accepted.

Land Clearing and Inert Debris: as defined in 15A NCAC 13B.0101 (22) means a
facility for the disposal of land-clearing waste, concrete, brick, concrete block,
uncontaminated soil, gravel and rock, untreated and unpainted wood, and yard
trash.

Land Clearing Waste: as defined in 15A NCAC 13B.0101(23) means solid waste
which is generated solely from land-clearing activities, limited to stumps, trees,
limbs, brush, grass, and other naturally occurring vegetative material.

Asphalt: in accordance with NCGS 130A-294(m).

Construction and Demolition Debris: as defined in NCGS 130A-290(a)(4) means
solid waste resulting solely from construction, remodeling, repair, or demolition
operations on pavement, buildings, or other structures, but does not include
inert debris, land-clearing debris, or yard debris.

Other Wastes as Approved by the Solid Waste Section of the Division of Waste
Management.

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2.2.2 Transfer Station
The Avery County transfer station only accepts waste that is generated from the
approved service area (Section 1.3.3), is consistent with the North Carolina solid
waste regulations and the general conditions established in the operating permit.
The acceptance of waste materials must satisfy the following definitions:

Municipal solid waste as defined by the North Carolina General Statutes 130A-
290(a)(18a) means any solid waste resulting from the operation of residential,
commercial, industrial, governmental, or institutional establishments that would
normally be collected, processed, and disposed of through a public or private
solid waste management service. Municipal solid waste does not include
hazardous waste, sludge, industrial waste managed in a solid waste
management facility owned and operated by the generator of the industrial waste
for management of that waste, or solid waste from mining or agricultural
operations.

Solid waste as defined by the North Carolina General Statutes 130A-290(a)(35)
means any hazardous or nonhazardous garbage, refuse or sludge from a waste
treatment plant, water supply treatment plant or air pollution control facility,
domestic sewage and sludges generated by the treatment thereof in sanitary
sewage collection, treatment and disposal systems, and other material that is
either discarded or is being accumulated, stored or treated prior to being
discarded, or has served its original intended use and is generally discarded,
including solid, liquid, semisolid or contained gaseous material resulting from
industrial, institutional, commercial and agricultural operations, and from
community activities.
2.2.3 Recycling Recovery Areas
Only the following wastes may be received at the facility recycling area or as
separated in the landfill or transfer area(s):
• White goods;
• Whole Scrap Tires;
• Pallets (damaged and un-damaged);
• Glass;
• Asphalt Shingles;
• Non-treated; non-painted clean lumber;
• Brick and block (undamaged and un-painted); and
• Metal (ferrous and non-ferrous).

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2.2.4 Mobile Home Deconstruction Area
Mobile homes are staged, deconstructed, and recycled on-site in accordance
with the deconstruction procedures. Waste resulting from the mobile home
deconstruction is described in Appendix D.
2.2.5 Asbestos Waste Disposal
Special wastes (regulated asbestos only) described in Section 2.5.4 Special
Waste Management may also be disposed in the C&D landfill unit.
2.2.6 Wood Waste Processing
Incoming loads of segregated wood waste will be stockpiled on-site, adjacent to
the White Goods Handling Facility, or other approved location. (See Drawing S-2).
Wood waste processing will be performed to densify the material prior to
disposal or transfer. Processing operations are described in Section 2.5.6.

2.3 Prohibited Wastes
2.3.1 C&D Landfill Unit
Only wastes as defined in Section 2.2.1 above may be accepted for disposal in the
C&D landfill unit. Prohibited wastes include waste exclusions listed in 15A NCAC
13B .0542 as follows:

• Wastewater treatment sludge. Wastewater treatment sludge may be
accepted, with the approval of the DWM, for utilization as a soil
conditioner and incorporated into or applied onto the vegetative soil layer
component of the final cover system. In this case, the sludge will be
applied at no greater than agronomic rates and to a maximum depth of
six inches.
• Containers such as tubes, drums, barrels, tanks, cans, and bottles unless
they are empty and perforated to ensure that no liquid, hazardous, or
municipal solid waste is contained therein;
• Garbage as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(7);
• Hazardous waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(8), to also include
hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity generators;
• Industrial solid waste unless a demonstration has been made and
approved by the DWM that the landfill meets the requirements of Rule
.0503(2)(d)(ii)(A);
• Liquid wastes;
• Medical waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(18);
• Municipal solid waste as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(18a);
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• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761;
• Radioactive waste as defined in G.S. 104E-5(14);
• Septage as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(32);
• Sludge as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(34);
• Special wastes as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(40);
• White goods as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(44); and
• Yard trash as defined in G.S. 130A-290(a)(45).

The following wastes cannot be received if separate from C&D waste:

• lamps or bulbs including but not limited to halogen, incandescent, neon
or fluorescent;
• lighting ballast or fixtures;
• thermostats and light switches;
• batteries including but not limited to those from exit and emergency
lights and smoke detectors;
• lead pipes;
• lead roof flashing;
• transformers;
• capacitors; and
• copper chrome arsenate (CCA) and creosote treated woods.

Waste accepted for disposal in the C&D landfill unit must be readily identifiable
as C&D waste and must not have been shredded, pulverized, or processed to
such an extent that the composition of the original waste cannot be readily
ascertained except as specified as follows:

C&D waste that has been shredded, pulverized, or otherwise processed may
be accepted for disposal from a facility that has received a permit from an
authorized regulatory authority which specifies such activities are inspected
by the authority, and whose primary purpose is recycling and reuse of the
C&D material. For this case, a waste screening plan and waste acceptance
plan will be prepared and made available to the DWM on request.

The County shall not dispose of C&D waste that is known to be generated within
the boundaries of a unit of local government that by ordinance:

(A) Prohibits generators or collectors of C&D waste from disposing
of that type or form of C&D waste.
(B) Requires generators or collectors of C&D waste to recycle that
type or form of C&D waste.

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2.3.2 Transfer Station
Only wastes as defined in Section 2.2.2 above may be accepted in the transfer
station. No other wastes may be accepted including the following wastes,
otherwise considered under NC Landfill Bans (G.S. 130A-309.10):

• Whole Scrap Tires (Except as diverted to the recovery area);
• Used Oil;
• White Goods (Except as diverted to the recovery area);
• Lead Acid Batteries;
• Yard Waste;
• Construction and Demolition Debris (C&D) (Except as allowed in the C&D
landfill);
• Discarded computer equipment and televisions;
• Oyster Shells;
• Rigid plastic containers; and
• Aluminum Cans.

In addition, operating criteria prohibits other materials from receipt within the
transfer station. These materials include:

• Hazardous waste as defined by NC General Statute 130A-290 (a) (8),
including hazardous waste from conditionally exempt small quantity
generators.
• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) wastes as defined in 40 CFR 761 with the
exception of trace amounts found in materials such as consumer
electronics.
• Bulk or non-containerized liquid wastes unless the waste is household
waste other than septic waste and waste oil. A liquid determination will
be performed by the paint filter test.
• Containers holding liquid wastes unless the waste is household waste.
2.3.3 Recycling Area
Only wastes, as defined in Section 2.2.3 above may be accepted in the Recycling
and Recovery Areas. No asbestos containing wastes will be accepted.
2.4 Waste Screening Programs
To assure prohibited wastes are not entering the landfill facility, screening programs
have been implemented. Waste received at the scale house entrance and directed to the
transfer station floor, the mobile home deconstruction area, recovery area, or working
face of the C&D landfill is inspected by trained personnel. These individuals have been
trained to spot indications of unacceptable and suspicious wastes, including: hazardous
placarding or markings, liquids, powders or dusts, sludges, bright or unusual colors,
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drums or commercial size containers, and "chemical" odors. Screening programs for
visual and olfactory characteristics of prohibited wastes are an ongoing part of the
facility operation.
2.4.1 Waste Receiving and Inspection
All vehicles must stop at the scale house located at the main entrance of the
facility and visitors are required to sign-in. All waste transportation vehicles are
weighed and the content of the load assessed. The scale attendant(s) requests
from the vehicle driver a description and origin of the waste it is carrying to
ensure that unacceptable waste is not allowed onto the site. The attendant(s)
then visually checks the vehicle as it crosses the scale. Signs informing users of
the acceptable and unacceptable types of waste are posted at the scale house.
Once passing the scales, vehicles are routed to the C&D landfill, the transfer
station, the mobile home deconstruction area or recover area as appropriate.

Vehicles are randomly selected for screening on a regular basis, depending on
personnel availability. Site personnel will ensure that each waste stream
received at the site is equitably inspected. At least one vehicle per week, but not
less than 1% by weight of the waste stream entering the facility (based on the
previous week’s total), will be randomly selected by inspection personnel. A
random truck number and time will be selected (e.g., the tenth load after 10:00
a.m.) on the day of inspections. However, if something suspicious is spotted in
any waste load, that load is inspected further.

Selected vehicles are directed to the inspection area located inside the transfer
station or to an area of intermediate cover adjacent to the working face of the
landfill as appropriate. The vehicle is unloaded and the waste is carefully spread
using suitable equipment. An attendant trained to identify wastes that are
unacceptable at the landfill inspects the waste discharged at the screening site.
If unacceptable waste is found, including wastes generated from outside of the
service area, the load will be isolated from other waste receipts and secured
within the transfer station or bermed from the landfill.

For unacceptable wastes that are nonhazardous the Solid Waste Director will
notify the Waste Management Specialist of the DWM (see Section 1.2.2) within 24
hours of attempted disposal of any waste the facility is not permitted to receive to
determine the proper course of action. In most cases, the transporter will be
responsible for the removal of the non-hazardous, unacceptable materials.

For unacceptable wastes that are hazardous, the Hazardous Waste Contingency
Plan outlined in Section 2.4.2 will be followed. To determine the liquid content of
the waste, a liquid determination will be performed by the paint filter test (see
Appendix B for apparatus and procedures). The hauler is responsible for
removing unacceptable waste from the landfill property.
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If no unacceptable material is found, the load will be commingled with other
waste receipts and processed through the transfer station or pushed into the
working face and incorporated into the waste cell. All random waste inspections
will be documented by staff using the waste screening form provided in Appendix
C.

In addition to the random waste screening described above, waste unloaded onto
the transfer station floor or into the active face of the landfill will be inspected by
the equipment operators, trained to spot unacceptable wastes, before and during
the processing, spreading, or compaction operations. Any suspicious looking
waste is reported immediately to the designated primary inspector for further
evaluation.
2.4.2 Hazardous Waste Contingency Plan
In the event that identifiable hazardous waste or waste of questionable character
is detected at the transfer station or landfill, appropriate equipment, protective
equipment, personnel, and materials as necessary will be employed to isolate
the wastes. DWM will be notified immediately (see Section 1.2.3) that an attempt
was made to dispose of hazardous waste at the facility. If the vehicle attempting
disposal of such waste is known, all attempts will be made to prevent that vehicle
from leaving the site or, if the vehicle has left the site, immediate notice will be
served on the owner of the vehicle that hazardous waste, for which they have
responsibility, has been disposed of at the transfer station or the landfill.

The County will assist the DWM as necessary and appropriate in the removal and
disposition of the hazardous waste and in the prosecution of responsible parties.
If needed, the hazardous waste will be covered with either on-site soils or other
tarping material until such time when an appropriate method can be
implemented to properly handle waste removal. The cost of removal and
disposal of the hazardous waste will be charged to the owner of the vehicle
involved. Any vehicle owner or operator who knowingly dumps hazardous waste
in the landfill may be barred from future disposal services.

Should an incident where hazardous waste is found at the transfer station or
landfill occur, the event will be documented by landfill staff using the waste
screening form provided in Appendix C.

Records of information gathered as part of the waste screening programs will be
maintained on site during its active life and as long as required by the County and
DWM.

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2.5 Waste Disposal
2.5.1 Access
Following the completion of the initial waste screening procedures, access to the
processing areas and disposal location will be granted by the scale house
attendant. The scale house attendant will provide overall site instructions and
directions to the drivers of the waste transportation vehicles to ensure that the
waste receipts are transported to the appropriate processing or disposal area.
Additional directional signage will assist the drivers with the identification of
these areas. Traffic speed on the site should be less than 7 MPH.
2.5.2 General Procedures
Waste transportation vehicles will arrive at the scales and scale house and be
directed to the appropriate area such as the transfer station, white goods area,
or the working face of the C&D landfill at random intervals. There may be a
number of vehicles unloading waste at the same time, while other vehicles are
waiting. To maintain control over the unloading of waste, only a certain number
of vehicles will be allowed on the tipping floor of the transfer station or working
face of the landfill at a time. The actual number will be determined by the truck
spotter. This procedure will be used to minimize the potential of unloading
unacceptable waste and to control disposal activity. Operations at the working
face will be conducted in a safe manner which will encourage the efficient
movement of transportation vehicles to and from disposal locations, and to
expedite the unloading of waste.
2.5.3 C&D Landfill Disposal Procedures
The approach to the working face will be maintained such that two or more
vehicles may safely unload side by side. A vehicle turn-around area large enough
to enable vehicles to arrive and turn around safely with reasonable speed will be
provided adjacent to the unloading area. The vehicles will back to a vacant area
near the working face to unload. Following the unloading operation, the
transportation vehicles will immediately leave the working face area. Personnel
will direct traffic necessary to expedite safe movement of vehicles.

Waste unloading at the landfill will be controlled to prevent disposal in locations
other than those specified by site management. Such control will also be used to
confine the working face to a minimum width, yet allow safe and efficient
operations. The width and length of the working face will be maintained as small
as practical to maintain the appearance of the site, control windblown waste, and
minimize the amount of cover required each day. Normally, only one working
face will be active on any given day, with all deposited waste in other areas
covered by either periodic or final cover, as appropriate.
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The procedures for placement and compaction of solid waste include: unloading
of vehicles, spreading of waste into adequately sized lifts, and compaction on
relatively flat slopes (i.e. 5H:1V max.), in two-foot intervals, using a minimum
number of three full passes.

Portable signs with directional arrows and portable traffic barricades will
facilitate waste unloading at the designated disposal locations. These signs and
barricades will be placed along the access route to the working face of the
landfill or other designated disposal areas which may be established.

Wind screens adjacent to the working face may be used as needed to control
windblown waste.
2.5.3.1 Periodic Cover
At the completion of waste placement each week or sooner, a 6 inch layer
of earthen material or other material as approved by the DWM will be
placed over the exposed waste. Cover will be placed sooner if the area of
exposed waste exceeds one-half acre in size, or as necessary to control
vectors, fire, odors, and blowing debris. The date and time of cover
placement will be recorded by landfill employees.
2.5.3.2 Intermediate Cover
A 12 inch layer of soil cover should be placed on all waste surfaces that
have not received waste in 30 days but are below final elevation. This
intermediate cover should be seeded immediately and graded such that
precipitation run-off is channeled to the surface water systems.
2.5.3.3 Height Monitoring
On a weekly basis, the landfill staff will monitor landfill top and side slope
elevations. When such elevations approach design grades, shown on the
Permit Drawing 3/S2 (Final Grading Plan), the final top of waste grades
will be staked to limit over placement of waste.
2.5.4 Special Waste Management
2.5.4.1 Asbestos Management
The County may dispose of regulated asbestos within the C&D landfill.
Regulated asbestos-containing material (RACM) means:

(a) Friable asbestos material;
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(b) Category I nonfriable asbestos-containing material (ACM) that has
become friable;
(c) Category I nonfriable ACM that will be or has been subjected to
sanding, grinding, cutting, or abrading; or
(d) Category II nonfriable ACM that has a high probability of becoming
or has become crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by the
forces expected to act on the material in the course of demolition
or renovation operations regulated by this subpart.

Asbestos containing materials are further defined as:
• Category I nonfriable asbestos-containing material (ACM) means
asbestos-containing packings, gaskets, resilient floor covering, and
asphalt roofing products containing more than 1 percent asbestos
as determined using the method specified in appendix E, subpart E,
40 CFR part 763, section 1, Polarized Light Microscopy.
• Category II ACM means any material, excluding Category I
nonfriable ACM, containing more than 1 percent asbestos as
determined using the methods specified in appendix E, subpart E,
40 CFR part 763, section 1, Polarized Light Microscopy that, when
dry, cannot be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand
pressure.
• Asbestos-containing material means any material containing more
than 1 percent asbestos as determined using the method specified
in appendix E, subpart E, 40 CFR part 763, section 1, Polarized Light
Microscopy that, when dry, cannot be crumbled, pulverized, or
reduced to powder by hand pressure. This material is non-
regulated.

Asbestos will only be accepted if it has been processed and packaged in
accordance with State and Federal (40 CFR 61) regulations. Asbestos will
arrive at the site in vehicles that contain only the asbestos waste and only
after advance notification by the generator.

Once the hauler brings the asbestos to the landfill, the hauler will be
directed to the designated asbestos disposal area by operations
personnel. The designated disposal area will be prepared by operations
personnel by leveling a small area using a dozer or loader. Prior to
disposal, the landfill operators will stockpile cover soil near the
designated asbestos disposal area. The volume of soil stockpiled will be
sufficient to cover the waste and to provide any berms, etc. to maintain
temporary separation from other landfill traffic.

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Once placed in the prepared area, the asbestos waste will be covered with
a minimum of 18 inches of daily cover soil placed in a single lift. The
surface of the cover soil will be compacted and graded using a tracked
dozer or loader.

Asbestos wastes will be buried in accordance with applicable North
Carolina and NESHAP requirements. The landfill staff will record the
approximate location and elevation of the asbestos waste once cover is
in-place. The Solid Waste Director or other supervisory staff will review
pertinent disposal and location information to assure compliance with
regulatory requirements and enter the information into the Operating
Record.

Once disposal and recording for asbestos waste is completed, the
disposal area may be covered with waste. No excavation into designated
asbestos disposal areas will be permitted.
2.5.4.2 Deconstruction of Mobile Homes
The deconstruction of mobile homes is handled in an area adjacent to the
C&D landfill unit. A description of the process is provided in Appendix D.
2.5.4.3 Asphalt Shingles
Asphalt shingles may be recovered for recycling in a dedicated container.
A process description is provided in Appendix E.
2.5.4.4 Animal Carcasses
Methods approved by the State Veterinarian include the disposal of
domesticated animal carcasses in landfills. Animal carcasses are
handled in an area adjacent to the C&D landfill unit as identified on Figure
2. In accordance with 02 NCAC 52C .0102, animal carcasses will be
buried three feet beneath the surface of the ground.
2.5.5 Transfer Station Management
2.5.5.1 Building Features
The transfer station and tipping floor area includes the features listed in
the following table.

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Table 3: Transfer Station Features
Description
1) Roof Yes
2) Sides (3) Yes
3) Concrete Floor Yes
4) Bi-Level Direct Push Yes
5) Leachate Collection and Storage Yes
6) Ventilation Yes
7) Water Supply Yes
8) Lighting Yes
9) Interior Office & Bathrooms Yes
10) Explosive Gas Monitoring No
11) Communications (Telephone, Radios, Cell Phones) Yes
12) Built In Fire Suppression/Sprinkler System No
13) Odor Control Equipment Yes
2.5.5.2 General Procedures
The transfer operations will be conducted in accordance with the
approved Operation Plan and conditions of the Solid Waste Permit issued
by the DWM.

Facility operations are anticipated as follows:

1. Collection vehicles delivering waste to the facility will enter through
the main entrance;
2. Collection Vehicles will pass by and over the scales for weighing;
3. Collection vehicles will continue along the access road until reaching
the transfer station tipping area;
4. The tipping area has “push” walls running along the interior of the
building that direct the waste to feed “hoppers” overlying the transfer
trailers and/or equipment on the lower level of the building. T
5. he attendant (“spotter”) will direct vehicles, waiting to unload, to back
into the facility through the entrance. Adequate area is available in
front of the transfer area for drivers to queue their vehicles into a
backing maneuver. Station operating personnel will be on the station
floor to direct and guide the vehicles.
6. The vehicles will back onto the tipping floor to an area designated by
the attendant.
7. Once the vehicle is in position, the waste load will be discharged
directly onto the tipping floor.
8. The spotter will inspect the discharged waste before it is mixed with
other waste on the tipping floor and pushed by a rubber-tired loader
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into the open top transfer trailers, specifically designed for hauling
wastes located in the lower level of the Transfer Station. All waste
will stay in the covered area of the transfer station.
9. The equipment operator will complete a secondary visual screening of
the waste and, if acceptable, direct the driver of the waste collection
vehicle to exit the transfer facility. If unaccepted waste is identified,
the driver of the vehicle will be instructed to retrieve and remove the
prohibited waste from the site.

Documentation of the event will follow the procedures outlined in Section
2.4 Waste Screening Program. Subsequent vehicles will be directed to
the transfer area and similar procedures will be completed.
2.5.5.3 Storage
Waste volume is allowed to accumulate on the tipping floor only to
facilitate adequate waste placement into the transportation hauling
vehicles. The equipment operator will mix the waste with the front-end
loader, conduct a tertiary waste screening, remove any prohibited waste,
and distribute the material types and weights prior to pushing the waste
into the tractor trailers located toward the rear of the building and
beneath the tipping floor.
2.5.5.4 Transfer Truck Loading
The placed waste is compacted inside the trailers by gently tamping with
the interchangeable bucket attachment. The equipment operator is
responsible for loading each transportation vehicle in a fashion to comply
with the Department of Transportation’s roadway weight limits. Once the
tractor trailer is filled with compacted waste, the vehicle is moved to an
exterior location to allow the placement of the vehicle’s tarp and ensure
containment of the waste inside the trailer body.
2.5.5.5 Transfer Area Maintenance
At the end of each operating day, the transfer station will be cleared of
waste inside and around the facility. Windblown materials resulting from
the operation will be collected and returned to the site and disposed. The
tipping floor will be maintained in a sanitary fashion by washing the entire
floor and discharging the wash water into the leachate collection
drainage system and holding tank. The tarps for the loaded but not
transported trailers will be securely fastened to each tractor trailer
remaining on site. Barricades will be erected around the hopper to
prevent falling hazards.
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March 2016 (Modified March 2017) Page 26
2.5.5.6 Leachate Management
Liquids are generated from waste receipt and floor washing activities.
The transfer station’s floor is sloped in a fashion to promote drainage
toward the sump and to two floor drains located in the lower level loading
area. Leachate generated from waste processing activities is collected in
floor drains and discharged to an exterior, 3,000-gallon holding tank. The
liquid volume of the holding tank is inspected on a weekly basis to ensure
that adequate capacity is available.

As needed, the contents of the leachate holding tank are pumped and
transported to the Jimmy Smith Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)
located in Boone, North Carolina. The WWTP conditionally approved the
acceptance of batch volumes (2,500 gallons) from the Avery County
facility with prior notification.

Additionally, any full transfer trailers that are stored on-site will be
inspected for leaks and, if present, the leaks will be contained and
cleaned.
2.5.6 Wood Waste Processing Management
2.5.6.1 General Procedures
Vehicles transporting segregated wood waste will be directed to the wood
waste stockpile located in the White Goods Handling Facility. Loads
entering the site will be visually inspected at the scale house and
stockpiled materials will be periodically inspected for contamination.
Unacceptable materials will be removed and disposed of immediately,
within the C&D landfill or transfer station, as appropriate.
2.5.6.2 Access
Access to the wood waste processing area will be via the existing access
road. In addition, a 15-foot-wide fire lane will be maintained around the
area, which may also be used for vehicular access.
2.5.6.3 Storage
Under normal operating conditions wood waste will be stockpiled until a
sufficient amount of raw materials are available for processing
(approximately 1,000 cubic yards). The height of stockpiled wood will not
exceed 15 feet. Stockpiled wood waste may remain unprocessed up to
one year, depending on material stockpile size and facility operations.
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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual
March 2016 (Modified March 2017) Page 27
2.5.6.4 Disposal
Ground wood waste will be immediately disposed of within the C&D
landfill or delivered to the transfer station for disposal.

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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual
March 2016 (Modified March 2017) Page 28
3.0 RECYCLING AND RECOVERY AREA OPERATIONS
The facility’s recycling and material recovery areas are located around the transfer station and
are used to store, separate and contain recyclable materials. These materials are generated
from separated waste from the transfer station and/or pre-sorted materials such as tires, white
goods, or other materials off-loaded into an appropriate container. Recycling and recovery
operation areas are shown on Figure 2.
3.1 White Goods Handling Area
A white goods handling area is located adjacent to and north of the existing transfer
station (Figure 2). Within the white goods handling area, white goods and scrap metal
are stockpiled up to about 10 feet high over an approximate 100 foot by 200 foot area.
Once the stockpile reaches capacity (typically once per quarter), a recycler removes
Freon and hauls the white goods and scrap metal off-site to be recycled. A certificate of
disposal for the removed Freon is provided to Avery County by the subcontractor.
3.2 Used Tire Storage Area
Used tires are collected at an area adjacent to and south of the existing transfer station
(Figure 2) and placed in a tire trailer. Once the trailer is full, the trailer is picked up by a
recycling contractor.
3.3 Mobile Home Deconstruction Area
Mobile homes are staged, deconstructed, and recycled on-site in accordance with the
deconstruction procedures. Recycling resulting from mobile home deconstruction is
described in Appendix D.
3.4 Asphalt Shingles
Asphalt shingles may be recovered for recycling in a dedicated container. A process
description is provided in Appendix E.
3.5 Other Storage Areas
• Glass: A glass recovery and recycling area for clear, brown, and green glass is
located just west and behind the transfer station (Figure 2). This areas contains
three (3) bays constructed of concrete masonry unit (CMU) walls and are
periodically removed for recycling when they reach capacity.
• Pallets: A pallet recovery area is located adjacent just southwest of the transfer
station (Figure 2). Once a truckload is generated, the pallets will be picked up by
a recycling contractor.
• Brick and Block Area: A undamaged and unpainted brick and block area is
located adjacent to and southwest of the existing transfer station (Figure 2) for
utilization for site access roads and the active face area of the landfill.
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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual
March 2016 (Modified March 2017) Page 29
3.6 Markets
The final destination of the recyclable materials separated from the waste may vary
depending on market prices for such materials. Contracts are established with
subcontractors to facilitate processing and product removal. Subject to contract
renewal, the final markets are anticipated as follows:

a. Metals: State Line Scrap Metal
b. Pallets: To be determined and as needed.
c. Glass: Strategic Materials, Inc.
d. Tires: U.S. Tire
3.7 Safety
The recycling area will generally be located contiguous to the active, operating C&D
disposal face. The recycling area will be partitioned from the active C&D area with
physical barriers (i.e. fencing, earthen materials, etc.) for safety and protection of site
personnel who are segregating materials within the recycling area. All equipment
operating in the recycling area will be equipped with back-up alarms. All appropriate
Personal Protective Equipment will be worn by workers in the recycling area, including
two-way radios between the workers and equipment operators.

Asbestos Containing Waste (ACW) or suspected ACW will not be hauled to, or dumped
into, the sorting area.
3.8 Operations
Only those C&D waste loads delivered to the site that contain predominantly recoverable
materials will be diverted to the recycling area for segregation handling. Materials that
are not recoverable, but which were dumped within the sorting area, will be pushed
and/or loaded and hauled to the adjacent active area for proper disposal on a daily basis.

The landfill (intermediate) cover will be maintained at 12 inches in thickness in the
recycling/sorting area. Additional material will be added as needed to maintain this
buffer.
3.9 Equipment
Anticipated equipment to be used in and around the recycling area will include:

• one small rubber-tired loader, skid-steer, or bobcat; and
• one small excavator.

Other equipment may be added as needed.

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March 2016 (Modified March 2017) Page 30
3.10 Personnel
Based the amount received, up to four (4) site personnel, including equipment operators,
are anticipated for operations within the recycling area of the site.
3.11 Recovered Material Management
Only waste loads which are predominantly recyclable materials will be diverted to the
sorting area. Materials will be weighed on the site scales prior to being used on site.
3.12 Recordkeeping
As a result of the recovered material management practices, there will be accurate
records and reporting of the weight of waste and the weight of recycled/reused
materials. The net weight of waste equals the total weight of material entering the site
minus the weight of recovered materials removed from the waste stream.
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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual
March 2016 (Modified March 2017) Page 31
4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
4.1 Overview
This section reviews the overall environmental management tasks required for the
successful operation of the landfill facility.
4.2 Erosion and Sedimentation Control
A separate erosion and sedimentation control plan is provided in the Erosion and
Sedimentation Control Plan of the Permit Application. This plan describes the
engineered features and practices for preventing erosion and controlling sedimentation
at this site. The erosion and sediment control system consists of the following major
components:

1. Drainage Channels,
2. Diversion Berms (Side Slope Swales and Cap Diversion Berm),
3. Down Pipes, and
4. Sediment Basins/Traps.

The landfill side slopes are designed with 3H:1V slopes and diversion berms placed
along the slope. The berms are designed to keep water volumes and velocities low
enough to minimize erosion of the landfill cover. Maintenance of the cover system will
involve periodic mowing and repair of any erosion problems and bare spots. These
items will be inspected at least once a month and after any significant rainfall events.

The down pipes are designed to carry concentrated flows of surface water off of the
landfill. The down pipes will be inspected at least once a month and after any significant
rainfall event.

Additional erosion control measures have been implemented within the drainage
channels and at points of stormwater discharge. All final cover should be inspected
regularly for erosion damage and promptly repaired.

Stormwater run-off from the LCID landfill is conveyed to sediment basins and traps.
These structures should be inspected regularly for sediment build-up or erosion
damage and should be cleaned out when sediments fill the lower half of each structure.
4.3 Water Quality Monitoring
The monitoring program and procedures outlined in the current Water Quality
Monitoring Plan will be followed for the monitoring of site groundwater monitoring wells
and surface water monitoring locations. The results of the water quality monitoring
program will be placed in the facility operating record as described in Section 1.13.

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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual
March 2016 (Modified March 2017) Page 32
4.4 Landfill Gas Control
Monitoring shall be performed to identify (if any) subsurface migration of landfill gas at
explosive levels are present in on-site structures and/or at the property boundary in gas
monitoring probes. Methane or other explosive gas concertation shall not exceed 25% of
the lower explosive limit (LEL) (1.25% of CH4) in on-site structures, such as the scale
house or 100% if the LEL (5% CH4) at the facility property boundary. All landfill gas
monitoring will be performed in compliance with the Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan.

If landfill gas levels exceed these limits, the following will be performed:

• Immediately implement steps necessary for the protection of personnel, staff
and neighboring properties and notify the DWM.
• Within 7 days, place in the operating record a description of events/actions
performed following the detection event.
• Within 60 days, implement a remediation plan for the explosive gas releases,
place a copy in the operating record, and notify the DWM that the plan has been
implemented.

Subsurface methane monitoring wells are installed between the landfill perimeter and
the property line, as shown in the Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan.
4.5 Litter Control
The vegetative trees/bushes act as a barrier to keep litter contained within the site.
Landfill personnel pick up litter within the site daily and respond to weather and heavy
wind conditions that may compromise the property appearance. The litter control crew
picks up litter outside the site and on access roads each weekday.

Customers are encouraged to contain and cover all waste within their vehicles/trailers
prior to entering the facility in an effort to reduce litter. Any load that is not secured in a
manner that would prevent material from leaving the vehicle while it is in motion is
subject to an additional fee. Also, trailers are covered by heavy tarp lids to minimize
litter and potential for birds to enter the trailer and spread litter.
4.6 Vector Control
Vector control within and around the transfer station will be managed by removing all
waste from the facility on a daily basis. All transfer station waste deposits will be
removed from the tipping floor by the end of each working day. At the end of each
operating day, the tipping floor will be cleaned and washed in a manner to remove all
waste remnants or liquids that could promote or attract vectors to the facility. Portable,
forced air odor control equipment is utilized as needed. Routinely, the entire interior of
the transfer station will be pressure-washed to remove the accumulation of dust, dirt,
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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual
March 2016 (Modified March 2017) Page 33
and waste particles. Leachate generated from the routine washing activities will be
discharged to the leachate holding tank and pumped to the WWTP as needed.

Due to the nature of the waste disposed in the C&D landfill, vector control is not
expected to be of concern. Note periodic cover will discourage animals from nesting in
the waste.
4.7 Odor Control
Odor control within the transfer station will be managed by minimizing the volume of
waste accumulated on the tipping floor and by transferring waste into the tractor trailers
as soon as practical. Portable, forced air odor control equipment is utilized as needed.
Staff will routinely inspect the floor drainage system to ensure that the leachate
collection system remains free-flowing and stagnant water does not persist. Additional
housekeeping efforts employed at the facility to reduce and eliminate the occurrence of
odor will include inspecting exterior stormwater downspouts, removing litter, cleaning
the tunnel area, maintaining the appearance of the access areas and roadways, and
ensuring that the tractor trailer tarps are in good condition.

Due to the nature of the waste disposed in a C&D landfill, odor is not expected to be of
concern. However, if odors do occur, additional cover will be placed or other mitigation
alternatives will be provided.
4.8 Dust Control
If required, a water truck will be utilized to limit dust on the gravel portion of the access
roadways. Dust accumulation inside the transfer station will be eliminated by routinely
pressure washing the interior of the facility as needed. Dust generated by excavation of
cover soil will be limited by watering the cut soil areas if accessible to the water truck.
4.9 Interim Cover
In addition to the occasional placement of the 6 inches of earthen material over the
exposed waste, an additional 12 inches of earthen cover should be placed on all waste
surfaces that have not received waste in three (3) months or more but are below final
elevation. This intermediate cover should be graded and seeded such that precipitation
run-off is channeled to the stormwater collection system.
4.10 Interim Cover Monitoring
Routine inspections of the site will include monitoring any interim cover to ensure the
adequacy of the vegetative protective cover and to identify potential erosion concerns.
Corrective actions will address any identified concerns.

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Figures

Operations Manual
Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina

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Appendix A
Fire Occurrence Notification Form
Operations Manual
Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina

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Appendix B
Paint Filter Liquids Test
EPA Method 9095
Operations Manual
Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina
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METHOD 9095
PAINT FILTER LIQUIDS TEST
From EPA SW-846

1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION
This method is used to determine the presence of free liquids in a representative sample of
waste and determine compliance with 40 CFR 264.314 and 265.314.

2.0 METHOD SUMMRY
A predetermined amount of material is placed in a paint filter. If any portion of the material
passes through and drops from the filter within the 5 minute test period, the material is deemed
to contain free liquids.

3.0 INTERFERENCES
Filter media were observed to separate from the filter
cone on exposure to alkaline materials. This
development causes no problem if the sample is not
disturbed.

4.0 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
Conical paint filter: Mesh number 60 (fine meshed size).
Available at local paint stores such as Sherwin-Williams
and Glidden for an approximate cost of $0.07 each.

Glass funnel: If the paint filter, with the waste, cannot
sustain its weight on the ring stand, then a fluted glass
funnel or glass funnel with a mouth large enough to allow
at least 1 inch of the filter mesh to protrude should be
used to support the filter. The funnel is to be fluted or
have a large open mouth that supports the paint filter but
does not interfere with the movement, to the graduated
cylinder, of the liquid that passes through the filter mesh.

Ring stand and ring or tripod.

Graduated cylinder or beaker: 100-mL.

5.0 REAGENTS
None.
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6.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION AND HANDLING
Samples must be collected according to the directions in Chapter Nine of EPA SW-846.

A 100 mL or 100 g representative sample is required for the test. If it is not possible to obtain a
sample of 100 mL or 100 g that is sufficiently representative of the waste, the analyst may use
larger size samples in multiples of 100 mL or 100 g, i.e., 200, 300, 400 mL or g. However, when
larger samples are used, analysts shall divide the sample into 100-mL or 100-g portions and
test each portion separately. If any
portion contains free liquids, the entire
sample is considered to have free
liquids.

7.0 PROCEDURE
1. Assemble test apparatus as shown in
Figure 1.

2. Place sample in the filter. A funnel
may be used to provide support for the
paint filter.

3. Allow sample to drain for 5 minutes
into the graduated cylinder.

4. If any portion of the test material
collects in the graduated cylinder in the
5-min. period, then the material is
deemed to contain free liquids for
purposes of 40 CFR 264.314 and 265.314.

8.0 QUALITY CONTROL
Duplicate samples should be analyzed on
a routine basis.

9.0 METHOD PERFORMANCE
No data provided.

10.0 REFERENCES
None required.
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Appendix C
Waste Screening Form

Operations Manual
Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina
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Avery County Solid Waste Facility
C&D Landfill & Transfer Station Permit No. 06-03

WASTE SCREENING FORM
Day / Date: Time Weighed in:
Truck Owner: Driver Name:
Truck Type: Vehicle ID / Tag No: Weight: Tare:
Waste Generator / Source:
Reason Load Inspected: Random Inspection Staff Initials
Detained at Scales Staff Initials Detained by Operating Staff Staff Initials
Inspection Location:

Approved Waste Determination Form Present? Yes No N/A
Description of Load:

Load Accepted (signature) Date
Load Not Accepted (signature) Date
Reason Load Not Accepted (complete only if load not accepted)
Description of Suspicious Contents:
Color: Hazardous Waste Markings:
Texture:
Drums Present: Smell:
Est. Cubic Yards in Load:
Est. Tons in Load:

Avery County Emergency Management Contacted? Yes No
Company or Authority Contacted?
Hazardous Materials Present:
Hauler Notified (if waste not accepted) Phone: Time Contacted:
Other Observations:

Final Disposition Signed: Date
Waste Screening Inspector or Landfill Manager
Attach related correspondence to this form. File completed form in Operating Record.
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Appendix D
Mobile Home Deconstruction

Operations Manual
Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina
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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual – Appendix D
February 2016 Page 1
1.0 OVERVIEW
This portion of the Operations Manual was prepared for the Mobile Home Deconstruction Area located
adjacent to the Avery County Construction and Demolition Debris (C&D) Landfill unit. The Mobile Home
Deconstruction Area is strictly for the deconstruction of mobile homes to recycle materials from the
mobile homes. Avery County plans to recycle as many varieties of materials as possible as end users are
available. Initially, scrap metal recycling will be conducted. Once an end-user of another material (i.e.
glass) is located, these other materials may be recycled. Any non-recyclable material will be disposed of
appropriately by the County following completion of the deconstruction process.
2.0 MOBILE HOME DECONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Mobile homes will be deconstructed using the following processes.
2.1 Access
Mobile home owners seeking disposal will contact the landfill facility and be placed on a waiting
list. No more than TWO (2) mobile homes will be allowed on-site for deconstruction at one time.
Once space is available for a mobile home, landfill personnel will contact the next owner on the
waiting list. The owner will have a 48 hour window in which to contact the landfill facility with
information regarding the delivery date and hauler. If the owner cannot arrange delivery within
this initial 48 hour period, the owner may make alternate arrangements for delivery and must
notify the landfill facility a minimum of 48 hours prior to the planned delivery. The delivered
mobile home will not be weighed on the scales at time of delivery, but the owner will be charged
based on the size and dimensions of the mobile home.

If delivery is not made within 48 hours of the scheduled delivery date, the owners name will be
placed back on the waiting list and the owner will be notified. If an owner has more than one
mobile home, they will be rotated with others on the waiting list.
2.2 Waste Disposal
All mobile homes must be free of garbage, household hazardous waste, and other
non-construction and demolition waste prior to landfill acceptance.
2.3 White Goods
White goods present inside the mobile home will be accepted with mobile home delivery. White
goods will be removed and handled in accordance with State and Federal regulations. CFC
contained within any white goods will need to have the CFC’s managed properly prior to removal
of the white goods and deconstruction of the mobile home.
2.4 Asbestos
Since asbestos may be located in the building materials of mobile homes constructed prior to
1983, all mobile homes built before 1/1/1983 will be thoroughly sprayed with water (both interior
and exterior) to minimize dust. Following demolition of any mobile home constructed prior to
1983, the waste generated will be placed in the C&D landfill and covered with six inches of soil or
approved alternate cover.

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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual – Appendix D
February 2016 Page 2
2.5 Deconstruction of Mobile Homes
Once accepted, the mobile home will be placed in the mobile home deconstruction area. Mobile
home deconstruction will be dependent on weather conditions and manpower availability and will
ONLY take place in the deconstruction area. Prior to deconstruction, mobile homes
constructed before 1983 will be thoroughly sprayed with water to minimize dust (as noted above).
Any mercury containing equipment (thermostats, etc) will be removed before deconstruction and
properly managed as universal waste. The home will then be deconstructed using a track-hoe.
The track-hoe will tear the trailer apart and lay the pieces on the ground to be separated by
landfill personnel. The personnel will separate the non-recyclable materials from the recyclable
materials. Initially, scrap metal is planned for recycling. As other end-users for other
materials are available, other materials may be separated for recycling. All material not
planned for recycling will be weighed at the scale house and placed in the C&D landfill before the
end of the day in which the deconstruction transpires. Material from mobile homes constructed
prior to 1983 will be covered prior to the end of the day. All recyclable materials will be
stockpiled in the deconstruction area for future recycling. NO OPEN FLAMES OR CUTTING
WITH TORCHES WILL BE ALLOWED WITHIN 100 FEET OF THE C&D LANDFILL.
2.6 Holding Time for Mobile Homes
Mobile homes must be deconstructed within 45 days following acceptance in the deconstruction
area. When received at the landfill, the date shall be painted on the side, end or on the frame of
the mobile home, for identification purposes for Solid Waste Section personnel.
2.7 Holding Time for Recyclables
Once recyclable material is removed from the mobile home, it may be stockpiled in the mobile
home deconstruction area for up to 45 days. No materials shall be kept in this area for more
than 45 days, nor shall they be stockpiled in other recycling areas.
3.0 RECORD KEEPING PROGRAM
The County shall maintain the following records related to the Mobile Home Deconstruction in the landfill
operating record (Section 1.13 of the Operations Manual):

A. Mobile Home Acceptance records including dates and description;
B. Owner and hauler information for each mobile home;
C. Deconstruction date for each mobile home and materials to be recycled;
D. Date and disposal information for recycled materials including location, vendor/ recipient
of recycled materials.
E. Date and certification of CFC’s removed.
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Appendix E
Asphalt Shingles

Operations Manual
Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina
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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual: Appendix E: Asphalt Shingle Recycling
February 2016 Page 1
1.0 OVERVIEW
This portion of the Operations Manual was prepared to describe the plan for the recycling of
asphalt shingles at the facility. Asphalt shingle recycling will occur in an area located at the
transfer station. The Asphalt Shingle Recycling Area is strictly for the management of tear-off
asphalt shingles to provide a “clean” material that can be used in the production of asphalt.
This plan describes the criteria for waste acceptance, material receipt, inspection, stockpiling,
material transport and record keeping.
2.0 WASTE ACCEPTANCE
Asphalt roofing shingles contain asphalt cement, mineral aggregate, and mineral filler which
are raw materials used in asphalt production. Asbestos was used in shingle manufacture until
the mid-1970’s and in other roofing materials such as roof felt, roof putty, surface coating, and
mastic until the mid 1980s. Due to the potential for the presence of asbestos, the following
source separation and certification requirements will be followed. These practices help ensure
that only recyclable tear-off shingles are sent for asphalt production while minimizing sorting at
the facility.
2.1 Source Separation
Shingles will be accepted only when appropriately separated prior to delivery to the
facility. Materials from flat and built-up roofing system are not acceptable and must be
disposed rather than accepted for recycling due the higher use of asbestos roofing
materials in those systems. Shingle suppliers are instructed to separate tear-off
shingles into either a dedicated trailer or to layer their waste when loading so that the
shingles can be easily separated from the unacceptable debris. A list of acceptable and
unacceptable material is provided in Appendix E1.
2.2 Certification
Shingle suppliers are required to complete a supplier certification form (Appendix E2).
Aesbestos handling and disposal during demolition and renovation is regulated under
the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollution (NESHAP). NESHAP-
regulated facilities are required to submit a notification of demolition and renovation
prior to starting work. The notification includes an inspection by a North Carolina
accredited asbestos inspector or roofing supervisor and analysis for asbestos. The
supplier of shingles from a NESHAP-regulated facility must present documentation that
the shingles do not contain greater than 1% asbestos. This documentation is a letter
from the accredited asbestos inspector or roofing supervisor that sampled the shingles
and the analytical test results. A copy of the documentation is kept with the supplier
certification form. Shingles from a NESHAP-regulated facility that do not have the
required documentation or that are documented to contain greater than 1% asbestos
are properly disposed.
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Avery County Solid Waste Facility Operations Manual: Appendix E: Asphalt Shingle Recycling
February 2016 Page 2
Shingles from single family homes or residential buildings containing four or fewer
dwelling units are generally not regulated under NESHAP. In this case, only the source
of shingles is required on the certification form.
3.0 MATERIAL RECEIPT, INSPECTION, AND STOCKPILING
Shingles will be visually inspected when entering the facility to determine whether the shingles
have been separated or if it is a mixed load. The supplier is then asked for a completed
certification form including documentation when required (Appendix E2). Mixed loads, shingles
from a NESHAP-regulated facility that contain greater than 1 percent asbestos, and shingles
from a NESHAP-regulated facility without the proper documentation are directed to the C&D
landfill unit (or alternately the transfer station) for disposal. Loads that were source-separated
into dedicated containers are sent directly to the sorting area and unloaded. Loads that were
separated into layers usually have the asphalt shingles on the bottom and other material on the
top. These loads are first directed to the C&D landfill unit (or alternately the transfer station) to
remove the non-shingle roofing waste and then to the sorting area for unloading the shingles.
Shingles are not unloaded into an area with standing water and sorted and unsorted materials
are kept separate.

Source-separation by the supplier eliminates most unacceptable materials that cannot be used
in tear-off shingle recycling. The unloaded tear-off shingles are examined for unacceptable
materials and any unacceptable materials are removed. The remaining sorted shingles are
stockpiled in the recycling area until there is a sufficient amount to transport to a facility that
will grind and use or sell the ground shingles for asphalt production.
4.0 MATERIAL TRANSPORT
Following the transport of shingles to the receiving facility, the County will provide copies of
supplier certification forms and other documentation. When requested (and as agreed to prior
to material transport), the County will follow any additional requirements of the receiving
facility.
5.0 RECORD KEEPING PROGRAM
The County will maintain the following records related to asphalt shingle recycling in an
operating record at the landfill (Section 1.13 in the Operations Manual):

A. Supplier certification forms and supporting documents;
B. Waste and recyclable disposal (quantity of materials disposed and disposal
location; quantity of recycled shingles and receiving facility information).

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Appendix E1
List of Acceptable and Unacceptable Materials

Operations Manual - Appendix E: Asphalt Shingle Recycling
Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina
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Appendix E2
Shingle Supplier Certification Form

Operations Manual - Appendix E: Asphalt Shingle Recycling
Avery County Solid Waste Facility
Ingalls, North Carolina

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Attachment 2
Existing Conditions Drawing

Avery County Solid Waste
NC Solid Waste Permit No. 06-03
Avery County, North Carolina
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