7302_DukeRoxboro_RevOpsPlan_DIN27543_20170306

526 South Church St. Charlotte, NC 28202

P.O. Box 1006 Mail Code EC13K
Charlotte, NC 28201-1006
336-215-4576 704-382-6240 fax

Page 1 of 1
March 6, 2017 North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management Solid Waste Section
1646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699
Attn: Ms. Shannon Aufman (submitted electronically)
Re: Roxboro Industrial Solid Waste Landfill Operations Plan Update
Permit No. 7302-INDUS-1988 Roxboro Steam Electric Plant 1700 Dunnaway Road
Semora, North Carolina 27343
Dear Ms Aufman,
Duke Energy is submitting the attached revised Operations Plan for the Roxboro Steam Electric Plant Landfill (Permit No. 7302-INDUS) for approval by the Division. Revisions include:

If you need additional information in regards to this submittal please do not hesitate to call me at 336-215-4576 or email [e-mail].
Regards,

Kimberlee Witt, PE Environmental Services

Attachments: Roxboro Landfill Operations Plan Revision 5
cc: Ed Mussler - NCDEQ
Larry Frost - NCDEQ Evan Andrews - Duke Energy
Robert Howard – Duke Energy
Robert Miller – Duke Energy Ed Sullivan – Duke Energy
• Revised Section 2.1.2 language to be in agreement with Permit 7302 Part IV #21 dated December
20, 2016.
• Updated Table 3 (Required Regulatory Submittals) to include Annual Dam Safety Report.

Prepared
For:
Duke Energy Progress, LLC
526 S. Church St., Charlotte, NC 28202
Date March 6, 2017
Prepared
By:
Amec Foster Wheeler
2801 Yorkmont Rd., Charlotte, NC 28208

Landfill Operations Plan

Roxboro Industrial Landfill (SW Permit No. 7302)

Duke Energy Progress– Roxboro Steam Station

Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 TOC March 6, 2017
DESCRIPTION OF REVISIONS
The Operations Plan was originally submitted to the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
(NCDEQ) in November of 1988 and modified as shown in the following table:

Revision Date of Document Description of Revisions
Initial Issue November 21, 1988 Initial issuance of document.
Revision 1 June 22, 2002 Permit to Construct Phases 1, 2 and 3
Revision 2 May 28, 2010 Permit to Construct Phases 4 and 5
Revision 3 August 7, 2013 Permit to Construct Phase 6
Revision 4 October 15, 2015 Phase 6 Vertical Expansion:
 Removed Phase 6B.
 Addition of vacuum type waste stream.
 Revised waste acceptance location to include CCR
disposal from other Duke Energy Corporation facilities.
 Revised waste handling to allow for gypsum reuse.
 Revised density testing section.
Revision 5 March 6, 2017
 Revised Section 2.1.2 language to be in agreement
with Permit 73-02 Part IV #21 dated December 20,
2016.
 Updated Table 3 (Required Regulatory Submittals) to
include Annual Dam Safety Report.

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 TOC March 6, 2017
Contents
1 GENERAL FACILITY OPERATIONS .................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Contact Information ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Safety ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.4 Access and Security Requirements .............................................................................................. 1
1.5 Operating Hours ............................................................................................................................ 2
1.6 Signs ............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.7 Training ......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.8 Record Keeping for Operations Plan ............................................................................................ 2
1.9 Design Drawings ........................................................................................................................... 3
2 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Waste Handling and Landfill Sequencing ..................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Landfill Capacity ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.1.2 Waste Acceptance, Disposal, and Screening Requirements .................................................... 5
2.1.3 Dust, Litter, Odor, and Vector Control ....................................................................................... 6
2.1.4 Fire Control ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1.5 Landfill Sequencing ................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.6 Waste Placement ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.7 Compaction Requirements and Testing .................................................................................... 8
2.1.8 Cover Requirements ................................................................................................................. 8
2.1.9 Groundwater Monitoring Well Access Requirements ............................................................... 9
2.2 Leachate and Stormwater Management ....................................................................................... 9
2.3 Leachate Collection System (LCS) ............................................................................................. 10
2.3.1 LCS Maintenance .................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2 LCS Record Keeping and Sampling ....................................................................................... 10
2.3.3 Contingency Plan .................................................................................................................... 10
2.4 Leak Detection System (LDS) ..................................................................................................... 11
2.4.1 LDS Maintenance .................................................................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Record Keeping and Monitoring .............................................................................................. 11
2.4.3 Response Action Plan ............................................................................................................. 12
2.5 Stormwater Collection and Conveyance ..................................................................................... 13
2.5.1 Stormwater Discharge ............................................................................................................. 13
2.6 Landfill Gas Management ........................................................................................................... 14
3 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL ............................................................................................. 14
3.1 E&SC Measures Monitoring and Maintenance ........................................................................... 14
3.2 Surface Erosion Monitoring ......................................................................................................... 14
4 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................... 15
4.1 Temporary Seeding ..................................................................................................................... 15
4.2 Permanent Seeding .................................................................................................................... 16
4.3 Over-Seeding .............................................................................................................................. 16
5 LANDFILL CLOSURE .......................................................................................................................... 16
6 REQUIRED REGULATORY SUBMITTALS ........................................................................................ 17

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 TOC March 6, 2017

List of Tables
Table 1 Design Drawings
Table 2 Lined Landfill Capacity
Table 3 Required Regulatory Submittals

List of Appendices
Appendix I Dust Control Plan
Appendix II Engineering Drawings
Appendix III Closure/Post-Closure Plan
Appendix IV Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 1 of 17 March 6, 2017
1 General Facility Operations
1.1 Overview

The purpose of this Operations Plan is to provide a plan for the safe and efficient operations of the
Roxboro Industrial Landfill. This Operations Plan presents the operational requirements for: 1) General
Facility Operations, 2) Operations Management, 3) Erosion and Sedimentation Control, and 4) Vegetation
Management, along with guidance for Landfill Closure and Required Regulatory Submittals. The
Operations Plan was prepared consistent with 15A NCAC 13B .0505 Operational Requirements for
Sanitary Landfills rules.

The Roxboro Steam Station is located at 1700 Dunnaway Road in Semora, Person County, North
Carolina. The Roxboro Industrial Landfill is owned and operated by Duke Energy Progress, LLC (Duke).
The landfill is located on Roxboro Steam Station property, southeast of the Roxboro plant.
1.2 Contact Information
Correspondence and questions concerning the operation of the Roxboro Industrial Landfill should be
directed to the appropriate entity as follows:

Owner

Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
1700 Dunnaway Rd, Semora, NC 27343
[phone]
Facility Contact: Landfill System Owner

State Regulatory Agency

North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management, Solid Waste Section
Asheville Regional Office
2090 US Highway 70, Swannanoa, North Carolina 28778
Permitting Engineer: Mr. Larry Frost
1.3 Safety
Landfill operations at the Roxboro Industrial Landfill were developed considering the health and safety of
the facility’s operating staff. The operating staff is provided with site-specific safety training prior to landfill
operations, and on-site activities are to be conducted according to the applicable sections of Duke’s Safe
Work Practices. An Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is included as Appendix IV to provide guidance in
the event of an on-site emergency at the landfill.
1.4 Access and Security Requirements
The Roxboro Industrial Landfill is located entirely within Duke’s property limits. Security for the site is
currently in place, consisting of fencing, gates, wooded buffers and security check stations. Unauthorized
vehicle access to the site is prevented around the landfill property by security check stations, woods,
fencing, gates and stormwater conveyance features.

The access road to the site is of all-weather construction and will be maintained in good condition.
Potholes, ruts, and debris on the road(s) will receive immediate attention in order to avoid damage to
vehicles.
Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 2 of 17 March 6, 2017
1.5 Operating Hours
The Roxboro Industrial Landfill is operated seven days a week, as needed.
1.6 Signs
A sign providing the landfill permit number and a statement reading, “NO HAZARDOUS OR LIQUID
WASTE PERMITTED” is posted at the site entrance, and shall be maintained in good condition.

Edge-of-liner markers are installed and delineate the edge of liner. These markers shall be maintained in
good condition and remain visible at all times.
1.7 Training
Due to the diversity and nature of job tasks required at the Roxboro Industrial Landfill, personnel shall be
adequately trained to handle facility operations and maintenance.

The System Owner for Landfill Operations shall have a general understanding of all the tasks required for
site operations. Individuals performing the various tasks shall have adequate training for the site-specific
tasks to which they are assigned. Duke shall provide a site-specific training program for facility personnel.

Noteworthy operations and maintenance tasks to be addressed in training include:

► Maintaining accurate records of waste loading (quantitative and qualitative);
► Operating requirements for stormwater segregation from exposed waste areas; and
► Operating and maintaining the leachate collection system (LCS) and leak detection system
(LDS).

All training will be documented and training records will be kept on-site. The System Owner for Landfill
Operations will conduct Operations Plan training courses in accordance with the permit requirements.
1.8 Record Keeping for Operations Plan
An operating record is to be maintained on-site and include the following records:

► Leachate Collection Systems (LCS) – Periodic Maintenance Documentation;
► Leakage Detection System (LDS) – Periodic Maintenance Documentation;
► Leachate Monitoring;
► Erosion and Sedimentation Control Inspection Logs;
► Periodic Landfill Inspection Reports;
► Dust Control Plan Monitoring Worksheets (included in the Dust Control Plan);
► Groundwater Monitoring (and Sampling) Documentation; and
► Operations Plan.

The above records are to be kept in the operating record for the active life of the Roxboro Industrial
Landfill and the post-closure care period. Information contained in the operating record must be furnished
upon request to the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ), Division of Waste
Management, Solid Waste Section (Division) or be made available for inspection by the Division.
Additional records kept on-site, or made accessible electronically at the site, should include:

► Solid waste facility permits;
► Vacuum truck waste logs;
Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 3 of 17 March 6, 2017
► Record of the amount of solid waste received summarized on a monthly basis based on scale
records;
► Regulatory agency inspection reports;
► Site Suitability Study;
► Permit-to-Construct Application;
► Employee training program and records; and
► Landfill drawings and specifications.
1.9 Design Drawings
A list of landfill design drawings is provided in Table 1. The design drawings provide the location of landfill
features, landfill construction details, and technical design and construction notes.

Table 1 – Design Drawings

Vertical Expansion Permit Modification Application Drawings

C-0.0 Cover Sheet
C-1.1 Existing Conditions
C-1.2 Facility Plan Phase 6 Vertical Expansion
C-1.3 Previously Permitted Facility Plan
C-2.1 Phases 3, 4 and 6 Post-Settlement Base Grades
C-3.1 Phase 6 Chimney Drain Plan
C-3.2 Phasing Plan – P6 to Elevation 608
C-3.3 Phasing Plan – P1-5 to Elevation 638
C-4.1 Vertical Expansion Final Grading and Drainage Plan
D-1.1 Interim Cover Details
D-1.2 Interim Cover Details
D-2.1 Final Cover Details
D-2.2 Final Cover Details
D-2.3 Final Cover Details
D-2.4 Final Cover Details
D-3.1 Stormwater Details
D-4.1 Erosion Control Details
X-1.1 Cross Sections

2013 Approved Construction Plan Drawings

CVR Title – Cover Sheet
F1 Facility Plan Phase 1-5
F2 Facility Plan Phase 6
F3 1988 Approved Capacity Plan
C1 Existing Conditions
C2 Phase 6 Liner Grades and Leachate Collection System Plan
C3 Protective Cover Grades
C4 Phase 6 Final Cover Grades
C5 Phase 6 Chimney Drain Plan
C6 Settled Base Grade – Vertical Separation Plan
C7 Engineering Cross Sections
D1 Details – Liner Berm and Anchor Trench
D2 Details – Leachate Collection System
D3 Details – Layover Slope Liner
D4 Details – Final Cover and Stormwater Control
Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 4 of 17 March 6, 2017

2010 Approved Construction Plan Drawings

S1 Existing Conditions
S2 Site Development Plan – Base Grades
S3 Site Development Plan – Final Cover Grades
S4 Phase 4 Subgrade (Liner) Grading Plan
S5 Phase 4 Top of LCS Grading Plan
S6 Phase 5 Subgrade (Liner) Grading Plan
S7 Phase 5 Top of LCS Grading Plan
L1 Liner and Berm Details
L2 Leachate Collection Details
EC1 Final Cover and Stormwater Details
EX1 Engineering Cross Sections (Sheet 1 of 2)
EX2 Engineering Cross Sections (Sheet 2 of 2)
P1 Phasing Plan

2002 Approved Construction Plan Drawings

SC1 Site and Perimeter Features
SC2 Monofill Development 1
SC3 Monofill Development 2
C1 Facility Plan
C2 Existing Site Conditions
C3 Geotechnical Boring Locations
C4 Existing Landfill Closure Plan
C5 Construction Sequencing Plan
C6 Phases 1 3 Liner System
C7 Phase 1 Operation Plan
C8 Phase 2 Operation Plan
C9 Phase 3 Operation Plan
C10 Lift 4 Operation Plan
C11 Final Closure Plan
C12 Monitoring Plan
C13 Cross-Section AA’
C14 Cross-Section BB’
D1 Liner Details
D2 Drainage Details
D3 Drainage Details
D4 Drainage Details

Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 5 of 17 March 6, 2017
2 Operations Management
The primary objective of operations management at the Roxboro Industrial Landfill is to dispose of waste
material in compliance with permit conditions while operating in a safe manner.

The landfill development will be sequenced in phases as indicated on the Engineering Drawings for the
Phase 6 Vertical Expansion. The final grading plan is also presented in the Engineering Drawings. In
general, waste placement operations will be focused within a particular area (less than 5 acres in size) for
the placement of a 10-foot thickness of waste prior to moving operations to a different area. As needed,
soil diversion berms will be used to divert non-contact stormwater away from exposed ash. Areas of
exposed ash will be graded to direct contact water to chimney drains. Intermediate cover will be placed on
exterior slopes as each slope section reaches a height of approximately 10 feet.

In general, the landfill operations contractor will limit the area of exposed CCR (i.e., the active area) to 5
acres or less, at the operator’s discretion and CCR in other areas will be covered with stabilizing agent or
operational or intermediate cover in accordance with the Dust Control Plan. Contact water from the active
area will be directed to chimney drains in the landfill interior.

2.1 Waste Handling and Landfill Sequencing

2.1.1 Landfill Capacity
The capacity of the lined portion of the landfill is presented in Table 2 below.

Table 2 – Lined Landfill Capacity

Landfill Phase Gross Volume (CY)
Previously Permitted Gross Volume
for Phases 1-6
7,915,200
Calculated Volume of Previously Permitted
Grades for Phases 1-6 (including 2013 final cover
modification that reduced capacity by
approximately 500,000 CY)
7,448,000
Increase from Phase 6 Vertical Expansion 1,964,000
Gross Capacity of Phases 1-6 including
Vertical Expansion
9,412,000

2.1.2 Waste Acceptance, Disposal, and Screening Requirements
The Roxboro Industrial Landfill is permitted to receive solid waste generated by or at any Duke Energy
Corporation property, as described in this plan and as defined in G.S. 130-290 (a)(2b), except where
prohibited by the N. C. General Statues Article 9 of Chapter 130A, and the rules adopted by the
Environmental Management Commission. Waste types include, but are not limited to:

► Gypsum produced during the Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) process;
► FGD clarifier sludge;
► Waste limestone material, boiler slag, and sand blast material;
► Ball mill rejects;
► Waste water treatment sludge; and
► Other waste streams produced by coal-fired electric or steam generation unit wastes.

The landfill owner or operator shall notify the Division within 24 hours of attempted disposal of any wastes
the landfill is not permitted to receive. At a minimum, hazardous waste, yard waste, liquid wastes,
Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 6 of 17 March 6, 2017
regulated medical waste, sharps not properly packaged, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) waste as
defined in 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 761, and wastes banned from disposal in North
Carolina by General Statute 130A-309.10(f), must not be accepted at the landfill.

Asbestos will not be disposed of in the landfill.

The removal of waste from the landfill is prohibited without owner approval. See Section 2.1.6 – Waste
Placement for storage and removal (mining) of gypsum. Waste will be hauled and disposed of by
dedicated and consistent operators from the waste source to the landfill. Access to the interim waste
storage locations (i.e. fly ash silos, gypsum storage areas, etc.), haul roads, and landfill are restricted;
therefore, no screening of waste is recommended.

2.1.3 Dust, Litter, Odor, and Vector Control
Litter, odors, and vectors are not anticipated to be concerns at the Roxboro Industrial Landfill. The waste
placed in the landfill does not attract vectors, and windblown material is not anticipated to be a problem.
Odors are typically not a problem at CCR waste landfills.

Dust control is addressed in the Dust Control Plan included as Appendix I. Generally, dust control
measures will be implemented when necessary, and will include at a minimum, watering of dusty roads
with non-contact water and the active area with contact or non-contact water. Other measures include
physical measures such as fencing and/or berms, temporary covers (like tarps), spraying dust
suppressants, and modifying the active area. Additionally, interim cover will be vegetated as soon as
practical in order to minimize the blowing of dust on-site.

2.1.4 Fire Control
No open burning shall be permitted at the Roxboro Industrial Landfill. There are no explosive gas
concerns with ash waste, waste soils, and construction and demolition debris from ash basin
decommissioning; therefore, the threat of fire is considered to be minimal.

Although it is unlikely, if a fire occurs at the landfill, the Station Control Room (phone number: 336-597-
6172) shall be notified, and equipment and stockpiled soil shall be provided to control accidental fires.
Roxboro Plant will notify the local fire department, which will be immediately dispatched to assist with fire
control. Any fire that occurs at the landfill shall be reported to the Division within 24 hours, and a written
notification will be submitted within 15 days by the Station Sponsor for Landfill Operations.

2.1.5 Landfill Sequencing
The Roxboro Industrial Landfill will be developed in sequence from Phase 1 through Phase 9. Each
phase has approximately 5 years of life; however, more than one phase may be operational at a time.
The phases may also be subdivided into cells which could be constructed sequentially or at the same
time. Contact water should be contained within the landfill and treated as leachate. In order to effectively
manage leachate, temporary perimeter berms will be maintained around the active area. The active area
surface shall be graded to promote surface water drainage to the contact water collection system. No
waste shall be placed in standing water. The landfill phasing drawings included in the Engineering
Drawings illustrate a possible sequence of operations. The actual filling sequence, fill heights, and grades
may be modified at the Owner’s discretion

2.1.6 Waste Placement

2.1.6.1 Fly Ash, Bottom Ash, and FGD Gypsum
Fly ash, bottom ash, and FGD Gypsum shall be compacted using compactors and dozers in approximate
1-foot lifts to achieve a vertical operational lift thickness of 10 feet.

Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 7 of 17 March 6, 2017
In order to protect the liner system and leachate components, gypsum placed in the active landfill with the
potential of future mining will be stored in designated areas with a minimum separation of:

► Horizontal: 50’-0” from the landfill side slope or anchor trench
► Vertical: 10’-0” vertical separation from the top of protective cover (drainage layer). The vertical
separation layer typically consists of ash or other waste material.

2.1.6.2 FGD Clarifier Sludge, Coal Mill Rejects, Waste Limestone Material, Boiler Slag, Sand Blast
Material, Ball Mill Rejects, Coal Waste, Wastewater Sludge, and Pyrites
FGD clarifier sludge, coal mill rejects, waste limestone material, boiler slag, sand blast material, ball mill
rejects, coal waste, wastewater sludge, and pyrites will be spread in 6-inch lifts in the center of the
operational area and shall not be placed within 25 feet of the exterior slopes. FGD clarifier sludge shall be
blended with the other waste (i.e. ash) prior to placement of the next fill lift. FGD clarifier sludge, coal mill
rejects, waste limestone material, boiler slag, sand blast material, ball mill rejects, coal waste, and pyrites
shall be compacted as densely as practical. In-place density testing of these materials is not required.

2.1.6.3 Vacuum Truck Waste
Vacuum trucks are used to remove waste materials from the plant areas that consist of various permitted
CCR. The origin of the vacuum truck waste materials is typically from various sumps, catch basins, wheel
wash stations, and coal pile sumps located within the plant.

The moisture contents of the vacuum truck waste materials may vary considerably with the waste varying
in consistency from a relatively dry state to a wet, fluid-like state depending on the amount of liquid
present in the sumps or vacuumed areas.

Vacuum trucks used to transport CCR will be dedicated to Duke operations or documentation will be
obtained to ensure that the vacuum truck contains no human or other non-permitted waste streams.
Vacuum truck waste could also mean similar waste material transported in smaller water tight units.

Vacuum truck waste shall consist of permitted waste materials. Non-permitted waste materials
inadvertently included with the vacuum truck waste, including but not limited to, yard trash (paper, plastic,
wood, aluminum, Styrofoam, etc.) shall be visually screened and immediately removed from the vacuum
truck waste after the waste material is dumped in the operational area by vacuum contractor.

Vacuum truck waste shall only be placed within the landfill during landfill operating hours when landfill
operator personnel are present. The vacuum contractor shall coordinate vacuum truck waste placement
with landfill operator personnel.

A Vacuum Truck Waste Disposal Log shall be used to document vacuum waste placement within the
landfill. A Vacuum Truck Waste Disposal Log shall be used to verify the origin of vacuum truck waste and
will include the date, time, weather conditions, estimated waste volume, visual waste screening and non-
permitted waste removal, and Operator representative approval. The Vacuum Truck Waste Disposal Log
may be modified as needed by the Owner or Operator to provide additional site specific operations
information.

The estimated volume of vacuum truck waste generated will be documented by the landfill operator along
with monthly truck scale log records to estimate the cumulative vacuum truck waste transported and
placed within the landfill.

The consistency of the vacuum truck waste may vary from a relatively dry state to a relatively wet, fluid-
like state. Vacuum truck waste material shall be moisture conditioned by initial decanting of excess
moisture from the waste or by mixing the waste with fly ash, bottom ash, or gypsum materials depending
on its consistency. The vacuum truck waste shall be placed and spread in maximum 6-inch lifts near the
center of the operational area. The vacuum truck waste shall not be placed within 50 feet horizontally
Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 8 of 17 March 6, 2017
from exterior landfill slopes or within 50 feet of chimney drain structure locations. The vacuum truck waste
material shall be thoroughly mixed with fly ash, bottom ash, or gypsum material during waste placement
using a dozer or other similar grading equipment to provide additional moisture conditioning prior to
compaction. In-place density testing of the vacuum truck waste material is not required.

2.1.7 Compaction Requirements and Testing

2.1.7.1 In-Place Density and Moisture Content Testing
In-place density and moisture content testing shall be performed at a minimum frequency of three tests
per 15,000 tons (or approximately one test per 135,000 square feet per 12-inch thick lift). Waste shall be
compacted to a minimum 95 percent of its Standard Proctor (ASTM D698) maximum dry density.
Compacted moisture content shall be within 5 percent of the material’s optimum moisture content as
determined by ASTM D698.

In-place density tests shall be performed using the Drive-Cylinder Method (ASTM D2937), or Nuclear
Method (ASTM D6938). If the nuclear method is selected, a minimum of one comparison density test
using the Drive Cylinder method shall be performed for every 10 nuclear density tests. All test results
shall be reported to the Engineer of Record for the landfill. A sample of ash material shall be collected
from each density test location and placed in a sealed container for subsequent field and laboratory
moisture testing. The reported dry density shall be calculated based on the results of laboratory moisture
testing.

A family of Proctor curves shall be developed for the on-site ash material as standard Proctor moisture-
density tests are performed as a reference for the field density testing. A minimum of one (1) one-point
field Proctor test shall be performed during each compaction testing event. If the estimated standard
Proctor maximum dry density based on the results of one-point Proctor testing indicates that the
maximum dry density varies by more than 5 pcf from the nearest representative standard Proctor
moisture-density relationship, an additional bulk sample of ash material shall be obtained and standard
Proctor testing shall be performed and used to evaluate the degree of compaction for the related in-place
density tests. If in the course of testing, the technician believes that due to changes in material a Proctor
curve should be referenced other than that indicated by the initial one-point field Proctor, then an
additional one-point field Proctor shall be performed.

2.1.7.2 Laboratory Testing
Laboratory moisture content testing shall be performed in conjunction with the field density testing as
described above. The laboratory moisture content testing shall be performed using the Oven Method
(ASTM D2216), at an oven temperature of 60 degrees Celsius.

Standard Proctor moisture-density relationship (ASTM D698) testing shall be performed at a minimum
frequency of one test for every 30,000 tons of material placed. As previously mentioned, additional
standard Proctor samples shall be obtained and tested if one-point Proctor testing indicates that the
estimated maximum dry density of the material varies by more than 5 pcf from the nearest representative
standard Proctor moisture-density relationship.

2.1.8 Cover Requirements

2.1.8.1 Operational Cover
Operational soil cover should be applied, as needed, for dust control and stormwater management. The
operational cover may be applied at a thickness suited to its purpose. For example, operational soil cover
may be applied thinner to provide dust control and it may be applied in thicker layers where protection
from surface erosion is desired. Operational soil cover is not required, provided the Dust Control Plan
included as Appendix I is followed.

Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 9 of 17 March 6, 2017

2.1.8.2 Intermediate Cover
A 12-inch thick intermediate cover layer shall be placed on exterior slopes and areas where final grades
have been reached. Intermediate cover material shall be free of protruding roots, stumps, and debris.
Intermediate cover may not contain more than 5 percent gravel (particle sizes larger than 0.5 inches) by
weight as determined by ASTM D422. Isolated rock fragments not exceeding 6 inches in diameter may be
placed within the intermediate cover if completely surrounded by compacted soil if approved by the
Engineer. Rock fragments shall not protrude more than 3 inches from the intermediate cover surface.
Intermediate cover will be seeded within 7 days in accordance with Erosion and Sediment Control
requirements. Vegetation shall be removed and the intermediate cover soil shall be scarified or removed
prior to placing any overlying waste. For areas where waste placement will be inactive for 12 months or
more within interior landfill areas (excluding exterior slope area), will not require intermediate soil cover,
provided the Dust Control Plan included in Appendix I is followed.

2.1.8.3 Final Cover
The final cover system for the Roxboro Industrial Landfill will be completed within 180 days following the
beginning of closure activities unless otherwise approved by the Division.

The final cover system will consist of the following components, from top to bottom:

► A 24-inch thick final cover soil layer (i.e., a 6-inch thick vegetative support layer overlying an 18-
inch thick cover soil layer) consisting of a soil capable of supporting native plant growth;
► A double-sided geocomposite drainage layer;
► A 40-mil thick double-sided textured linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) geomembrane; and
► Intermediate soil cover layer (may be thinner than the initial 12-inch thickness; geomembrane
may be installed directly on waste).

The soil components will provide a surface suitable to sustain vegetative growth while protecting the
underlying geosynthetic components of the cover system. Infiltration through the cover soils will be
collected by the geocomposite drainage layer, while the geomembrane will function as a hydraulic barrier
to reduce infiltration into the waste mass. The cover system stormwater management structures will
collect both infiltration and surface water runoff. The final cover will be vegetated within six months
following closure.

Refer to the Appendix III, Closure and Post-Closure Plan for final cover specifications and maintenance
and operations requirements.

2.1.9 Groundwater Monitoring Well Access Requirements

Groundwater monitoring wells will be located around the landfill perimeter. A readily accessible,
unobstructed path shall be maintained so that monitoring wells may be accessed using four-wheel drive
vehicles. Care must be taken around the wells to prevent any damage to the wells.

2.2 Leachate and Stormwater Management
The leachate collection system (LCS) consists of a geocomposite drainage layer and collection pipes that
provide gravity drainage of the leachate from the landfill. The leachate is conveyed by open channels to
the West Ash Pond, which discharges in accordance with the Roxboro Steam Station plant’s existing
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.

Stormwater runoff from the landfill will be directed via a system of tack-on benches, roadside channels,
and direct runoff to perimeter channels surrounding the landfill limits or to the Remnant East Ash Pond.
The perimeter channels discharge either to the Remnant East Ash Pond or to channels that drain to the
West Ash Pond. Final and interim stormwater management is shown on the Engineering Drawings.
Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 10 of 17 March 6, 2017

Drainage from the concrete road between the silos and the landfill is considered to be contact water and
is collected and pumped to the landfill settlement basin. The stormwater collection and conveyance
system shall be checked regularly and maintained such that necessary repairs will be made as early as
practical.
2.3 Leachate Collection System (LCS)
The leachate collection system includes a geocomposite drainage layer, leachate collection pipes with
clean-outs, and a protective cover layer. The leachate drains by gravity into stormwater channels and
flows to the West Ash Pond which discharges in accordance with the plant’s NPDES permit.

The leachate collection system has been designed to meet the performance criteria of providing less than
1 foot of leachate head on the liner system under normal operating conditions. The leachate collection
system generally consists of the following components:

► Leachate collection system pipes within the landfill;
► open channels outside the landfill limits.

Each landfill cell is equipped with leachate collection system (LCS) pipes located directly above the
geocomposite drainage layer. The LCS pipes convey leachate flows by gravity from the landfill. Clean-
outs have been provided at the ends of the leachate collection pipes.

Chimney drains have been installed in each cell and are extended vertically upward as the top elevation
of waste increases. Each chimney drain comprises a vertical, perforated HDPE riser pipe surrounded by a
drainage material and a filter (either geosynthetic or granular). In Phases 1 through 5, the chimney drains
connect to the leachate collection pipes. In Phase 6, there is a network of chimney drain collection pipes
located an average of five feet above the protective cover.

2.3.1 LCS Maintenance
The maintenance of the leachate management system's physical facilities (consisting of high-density
polyethylene (HDPE) piping) and records will be performed by or under the direct supervision of Duke.
Visual observations of the LCS system performance will be made monthly by Duke staff to verify that the
LCS is performing properly.

Clean-out pipes will be located on the LCS leachate pipes and header pipes. LCS pipes will be cleaned
out by the use of a clean-out snake or high-pressure water flushing at least once a year, and the LCS
piping will be remote-camera monitored at least once every 5 years. The frequency of clean-out and
camera inspections may be modified based on consecutive inspection results and observed operating
conditions.
2.3.2 LCS Record Keeping and Sampling
Records will be maintained documenting the leachate line cleanout and camera monitoring. Untreated
leachate shall be sampled and analyzed at least semi-annually concurrently with the groundwater water
sampling. A grab sample will be obtained from the outlet of each leachate pipe, LP-1 through LP-6. The
leachate must be analyzed for the same constituents as the groundwater monitoring wells in the approved
Water Quality Monitoring Plan. The results must be submitted to NCDEQ Solid Waste with groundwater
results.

2.3.3 Contingency Plan
In the unlikely event that leachate cannot be drained to the West Ash Pond, leachate will be temporarily
stored within the landfill until such time that draining operations to the West Ash Pond can be restored. In
such an event, the Division shall be notified in writing, within 30 days, about the events and corrective
actions taken.

Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 11 of 17 March 6, 2017
2.4 Leak Detection System (LDS)
The only phase that includes a leak detection system is Phase 6. The Roxboro Phase 6 LDS consists of a
secondary 40 mil LLDPE liner system overlain by a secondary geocomposite drainage layer connected
via HDPE piping to the LDS manhole. Flow collected in the manhole is transferred to Channel PC-2 via a
LDS force main. Channel PC-2 drains to the West Ash Pond.

The LDS has a proposed Initial Response Leakage Rate (IRLR) of a monthly average of 81.0 gallons per
acre per day and an action leakage rate (ALR) of 140.9 gallons per acre per day. Should fluid collected in
the LDS exceed the IRLR or ALR based on routine flow meter readings, the owner or operator shall take
steps as indicated in the facility’s Response Action Plan presented in Section 2.3.6. The management of
the leak detection system’s physical facilities (consisting of piping and flow meters) and records of
monitoring will be performed by or under the direct supervision of Duke.

The LDS manhole is equipped with a dedicated pneumatic pump system. The LDS manhole contains
dual low-flow pumps (8 gallons per minute minimum pump capacity). The LDS pump system operates
automatically based on level switches with a low level cutoff and a run level activation. Additionally, an
audible high level alarm is activated by a high level condition. The high-level alarm, which is located on
the side of the pump panel, will be tested for proper function periodically. This may require the use of a
water truck to fill the manhole to the alarm activation level.

The LDS pump system has one low-level pump and one high-level pump. See the table below for specific
operatiing levels.

Pump Low level cutoff High level run-start High level alarm
activation
Dual LDS Pumps Approx. 27 inches Approx. 39 inches Approx. 49 inches

2.4.1 LDS Maintenance
The maintenance of the leachate management system’s physical facilities (consisting of high-density
polyethylene (HDPE) piping, manhole, and pumps) and records will be performed by or under the direct
supervision of Duke. Visual observations of the LDS system performance will be made monthly by Duke
staff to verify that the LDS is performing properly. LDS pipes do not run the length of Phase 6. They
extend only from the sump areas to the LDS manhole. Clean-out pipes are located on the LDS pipes.
LDS pipes will be cleaned out by the use of a clean-out snake or high-pressure water flushing at least
once a year, and the LDS piping will be remote-camera monitored at least once every 5 years. The
frequency of clean-out and camera inspections may be modified based on consecutive inspection results
and observed operating conditions.

2.4.2 Record Keeping and Monitoring
Flow is measured at the discharge of the LDS manhole by a totalizing flow meter. The facility shall
maintain records of monthly flow rate data from the LDS manhole from the initial date of waste placement
and landfill operation until the Phase 6 waste thickness reaches an average of 40 feet. At the average 40-
foot landfill stage, flow rate data shall be collected and evaluated on a quarterly basis until landfill unit
closure. During the post-closure care period, semi-annual monitoring is required. If the liquid levels in the
manhole stay below the pump run level (no pump flow) for more than 1 year, then flow rates can be
recorded annually. However, if at any time during post-closure care the pump run level is exceeded on
the semi-annual or annual schedules, the facility must return to monthly monitoring, until such time as the
liquid level remains below the pump run level for two consecutive months.

The purpose of LDS monitoring is to monitor leakage rates for comparison to established standards.
Established standard leakage rate calculations for the 23.5 acre Phase 6 LDS area are attached and are
defined in 2.4.3 Response Action Plan below. The leakage rates are defined as total gallons per month
for the 23.5 acre unit. LDS flow data will be collected and totalized on a monthly basis for evaluation
Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 12 of 17 March 6, 2017
according to the Response Action Plan. If a leakage rate is exceeded, then the Division must be notified
as set forth in the Response Action Plan presented in Section 2.3.6.

2.4.3 Response Action Plan
Initial Response Leakage Rate (IRLR) and/or the Action Leakage Rate (ALR) are exceeded. If the IRLR is
exceeded, steps 1 through 4 will be followed. Should the ALR also be exceeded steps 1 through 6 will be
followed. The IRLR and ALR are referenced collectively as “leakage rates” in the following response
action plan steps and are defined as follows for the 23.5 acre Phase 6 LDS system:

► The IRLR is 57,105 gallons per 30-day month (81.0 gallons per acre per day), and;
► The ALR is 3,311 gallons per day (140.9 gallons per acre per day).

The response action steps include:

Step 1 (IRLR and ALR):

► Review physical equipment (pump and flow meter) function and data to confirm flow
readings. Review operations to evaluate where operating equipment may have contacted the
landfill liner or how landfill operations may have influenced the exceedance. If the
exceedance is confirmed, the cell LDS flow shall be recorded daily. Should the daily
monitored LDS flow exceed the IRLR or ALR after the initial exceedance, operational
responses may include: the reduction of active face area; grading to provide improved
drainage; and/or, the addition of interim soil cover.

Step 2 (IRLR and ALR):

► Within 14 days of identifying that a leakage rate has been exceeded, the facility shall contact
the Division in writing. Daily LDS flow recording shall continue. Should none of identification
of the exceedance, monthly LDS flow averaging shall resume.

Step 3 (IRLR and ALR):

► Within 30 days of identifying that a leakage rate has been exceeded, the facility shall submit
to the Division a written preliminary assessment which shall include at a minimum:
► the amount of the liquid exceedance including initial measurement and daily
measurements, if necessary, to date;
► likely sources of the liquids;
► the possible leak location;
► the possible leak size;
► the probable cause of the leak; and
► an outline of the short-term actions being taken and planned.

Step 4 (IRLR and ALR):

► To the extent practicable, evaluate the location, size and cause of the leak; and assess the
potential for leakage escaping into the environment and its mobility. Leachate quality shall be
sampled, including a chemical analysis of LDS fluids, to evaluate potential hazards (pH and
RCRA metals).

Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 13 of 17 March 6, 2017
Step 5 (ALR Only):

► When the ALR is exceeded, establish whether or not the unit should be closed or receipt of
waste should be curtailed; and conclude whether waste should be removed from the unit for
inspection, engineered controls, or repair of the liner and drainage system. Evaluate and
prepare to implement what other short-term or long-term measures shall be taken to mitigate
or stop any leaks according to the stage (early operations, middle operations, or closed) of
landfill development, as detailed in Section 2.3.5, the discussion on LDS flow measurement.

Step 6 (ALR Only):

► Within 60 days of identifying that the ALR has been exceeded, submit to the Division the
results of the evaluation performed in Step 4, any actions taken according to Step 5, and any
further measures planned. For as long as there is an exceedance of the action leakage rate,
the owner or operator shall submit monthly reports to the Division summarizing the results of
the remedial actions taken and further actions planned.

2.5 Stormwater Collection and Conveyance
Stormwater that does not come in contact with waste will be treated as non-contact water. Non-contact
water will be managed separately from contact water and may be used for dust control or other
operational purposes. The stormwater collection system has been designed to pass the 50-year, 24-hour
storm event, and generally consists of the following components:

► Tack-on benches;
► Benches (on Phases 1-5);
► Downdrains; and
► Perimeter ditches.

Intermediate cover will be placed over waste at the exterior side slopes. Tack-on benches will be placed
to convey non-contact surface water from the exterior side slopes to downdrains. The tack-on benches
and downdrains will be constructed and extended as operations progress. The downdrains discharge to
perimeter ditches, which in turn ultimately discharge to the West Ash Pond via a system of culverts and
channels, or to the Remnant East Ash Pond.

2.5.1 Stormwater Discharge
The stormwater system at the landfill was designed to assist in prevention of the discharge of pollutants.
Landfill operation shall not cause a discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States, including
wetlands, that violates any requirement of the Clean Water Act, including but not limited to NPDES
requirements, pursuant of Section 402. In addition, under the requirements of Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act, the discharge of dredge or fill material into waters of the state would be a violation of the
requirements and shall not be allowed by landfill operations.

Operations of the landfill shall not cause the discharge of a non-point source of pollution to waters of the
United States, including wetlands, that violates any requirements of an area-wide or statewide water
quality management plan that has been approved under Section 208 or 319 of the Clean Water Act, as
amended.

Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 14 of 17 March 6, 2017
2.6 Landfill Gas Management
Because the nature of the waste to be placed in the Roxboro Industrial Landfill, the Owner does not
anticipate that methane or hydrogen sulfide will be generated or that odor will be an issue during
operations. Therefore, landfill gas monitoring and management is not proposed.
3 Erosion and Sediment Control
Erosion and sediment control (E&SC) during landfill operations will consist of monitoring and repairing
E&SC stormwater conveyance features and surface erosion as defined in this Operations Plan and the
active Erosion and Sediment Control Plan.
3.1 E&SC Measures Monitoring and Maintenance
Erosion control principles include:

► Disturbing as little area as possible at any one time for landfilling operations.
► Seeding/mulching of disturbed areas commencing as soon as practically possible. Employing
erosion control matting or seeding and mulch on steep slopes and other erosion prone areas;
► Use of earthen berms, hay bales, wattles, silt fences, riprap, or equivalent devices down
gradient of disturbed areas, stockpiles, drainage pipe inlets and outlets, and at intervals along
grassed waterways, until such time as permanent vegetation is established.
► Placement of riprap at the inlets and outlets of stormwater piping.

Erosion and sedimentation control structures include stormwater best management practice (BMP)
systems, settling basins, and channels. Stormwater BMP’s shall be inspected every 7 days and within 24
hours of rainfall events 0.5 inches or greater. Sediment shall be removed from each structure when
sediment accumulates to one half of the design depth. Sediment removal shall bring BMP’s to their
original design depth. The BMP’s, embankments, spillways and outlets shall also be observed for erosion
damage. Necessary repairs shall be made immediately. Trash or debris within the riser structures or
outfalls shall be removed.

Channels shall be observed for damage every 7 days and within 24 hours of rainfall events 0.5 inches or
greater. Riprap-lined channels and outlet protection aprons used to prevent damage to channel
vegetation shall be observed for washouts. Riprap shall be added to those areas, as needed, to maintain
the integrity of the structure.

Embankment slopes shall be inspected for erosion every 7 days and within 24 hours of rainfall events 0.5
inches or greater. The embankment slopes shall be mowed at least three times a year. The embankment
slopes shall be fertilized in the second year unless vegetation growth is fully adequate. Damaged areas
shall be reseeded, fertilized and mulched immediately. Seeding, fertilizing, and mulching shall be in
accordance with the North Carolina Erosion and Sedimentation Control Guidelines and in accordance
with the active Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, provided in the Engineering Plan drawings.

Ground stabilization shall be performed within 7 calendar days on perimeter areas and slopes greater
than 3H:1V. Ground stabilization shall be performed within 14 calendar days in other areas. Seedbed
preparation, seeding, soil amendments, and mulching for the establishment of vegetative ground cover
will be applied in accordance with North Carolina Erosion and Sedimentation Control Guidelines.

3.2 Surface Erosion Monitoring
Adequate erosion control measures shall be practiced to prevent sediment from leaving the site.
Channels will be observed once every seven days and within 24 hours after any rainfall event of 0.5
inches or greater.
Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 15 of 17 March 6, 2017

Slopes will be periodically checked for erosion and vegetative quality, fertilized, and mowed. A slope or
portion thereof shall be identified as needing maintenance if it meets one of the following conditions:

► Exposed waste on exterior slopes;
► Areas of cracking, sliding, or sloughing; and
► Areas of seepage

Slopes identified as needing maintenance shall be repaired as soon as practical and as appropriate to
correct deficiencies. Repair activities may include re-dressing the slope, filling in low areas, and/or
seeding.
4 Vegetation Management
Within six months after final termination of disposal operations at the site, the area shall be stabilized with
vegetation as required by the Closure and Post-Closure Plan, included in Appendix III. Temporary
seeding will be applied as required.

Temporary methods of erosion control may be required until vegetation is established. Mulching, until a
vegetative cover is established, can stabilize areas where final grade has been reached. Soil mulching
can be achieved using wood chips, straw, hay, asphalt emulsion, jute matting, and synthetic fibers.
Mulches allow for greater water retention; reduce the amount of runoff; retain seeds, fertilizer, and lime in
place; and improve soil moisture and temperature conditions.
4.1 Temporary Seeding
Temporary seeding will be applied as follows or as required by the site’s vegetation management plan:

SUMMER (May – August)

Seeds Pounds Per Acre
Millet (Browntop) 100

FALL, WINTER, SPRING (September – December, January - April)

Soil Amendments Pounds Per Acre
Agricultural limestone 2,000
Fertilizer (10-20-20) 400
Wheat Straw (See specified units) 3000-4000
Emulsified Asphalt 125-150 Gallons or
Hydro Mulch 70/30 Blend to anchor wheat straw.300-500

Note: Soil amendments above are for temporary seeding and are applicable year round.

Seeds Pounds Per Acre
Rye (grain) 100
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Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 16 of 17 March 6, 2017
4.2 Permanent Seeding
Permanent Seeding will be applied as follows or as required by the site’s vegetation management plan:

Seeds Pounds Per Acre
Tall Fescue 100
Bahia Grass 35
Common Bermuda
(hulled in warm season) 30
Ladino Clover 5
Nurse Crop See Below

SUMMER (May – Aug)

Nurse Crop Seed Pounds Per Acre
Millet (Browntop) 3-5

FALL, WINTER, SPRING (September – December, January - April)

Nurse Crop Seed Pounds Per Acre
Rye (grain) 10-15

Soil Amendments Application Rate
Lime Per soil test or 2 tons/ac
Fertilizer (10-20-20) Per soil test or 500 lbs/ac
Wheat Straw 1.5-2 tons/ac
Emulsified Asphalt or Hydro Mulch 70/30 Blend 125-150 gal/ac or
300-500 lbs./acre

Note: Perform soil test to determine proper soil amendments; if not available, use the quantities above.
4.3 Over-Seeding
Over-seeding will be applied as follows:

Jan – April Permanent Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue (50 lbs/ac) and Rye grain (25 lbs/ac)
May – Aug Temporary Browntop Millet (25 lbs/ac)
Sept - Dec Permanent Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue (50 lbs/ac) and Rye grain (25 lbs/ac)

Note: Cut the existing turf to be over-seeded to an approximate 1-inch height. Aerate the soil and turf area
to be over-seeded. Apply soil amendments pursuant to nutrient testing results.
5 Landfill Closure
The Roxboro Industrial Landfill will be closed in accordance with the design drawings and Closure and
Post-Closure Plan. The Closure and Post-Closure Plan outlines the sequence for closing the landfill and
the post-closure maintenance activities. Closure is designed to minimize the need for long-term
maintenance and control the post-closure release of contaminants. Closure activities may be revised as
appropriate for materials, specifications, technology advancements, or changes in regulations at the time
the landfill is closed or in post-closure. In general, the landfill development is designed so that final cover
can be established as soon as practical.

Landfill Operations Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810170864 Page 17 of 17 March 6, 2017
6 Required Regulatory Submittals
Table 3 – Required Regulatory Submittals

Submittal Requirement
Reporting/Action
Frequency

Groundwater
Monitoring
Reports
Maintain a record of all monitoring events and analytical
data in accordance with the Water Quality Monitoring Plan.
Reports of the analytical data for each water quality
monitoring sampling event shall be submitted to DEQ
Division of Waste Management (DWM) within 60 days of
sampling event.

Semiannually

Dam Safety
Report for
Phases 1-5
In accordance with GS 143-215.29 and NCAC 15A-2K
.0203, .0215, and .0212, the Engineer of Record shall
submit each year a progress report indicating that
construction is proceeding in accordance with approved
plans.

Annually

Must be submitted no
later than April 8 each
year

Annual
Tonnage
Reports
Tons of waste received and disposed of in the landfill shall
be reported to the DWM and to all counties from which
waste was accepted on forms prescribed by the DWM.
Refer to the Permit to Operate for annual reporting
requirement information.

Annually

Must be submitted no
later than August 1
each year

10-Year Waste
Management
Plan
Per North Carolina G.S. 130A-309.09D (c):
► A 10-year waste management plan shall be
developed for this landfill and submitted to
DWM.
► The plan shall be updated and submitted to
DWM at least every three years.
► A report on the implementation of the plan is
required to be submitted to DWM by August 1
of each year.

10-year plan
prepared every 10
years

10-year plan
updated every 3
years

Implementation
report annually

APPENDIX I

Dust Control Plan

Prepared
For:
Duke Energy Progress, LLC
526 S. Church St. Charlotte, NC 28202
Date October 15, 2015
Prepared
By:
Amec Foster Wheeler
2801 Yorkmont Rd., Charlotte, NC 28208

Dust Control Plan

Roxboro Industrial Landfill (SW Permit No. 7302)

Duke Energy Progress– Roxboro Steam Station

Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 TOC October 15, 2015
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION AND SITE DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ 1
2 DUST CONTROL METHODS ............................................................................................................... 1
3 MONITORING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION RESPONSE .................................................................. 2
3.1 Monitoring ...................................................................................................................................... 2
3.2 Corrective Action Response .......................................................................................................... 2

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 TOC October 15, 2015

List of Figures
Figure 1 Landfill Operation Grid
List of Appendices
Appendix I Dust Monitoring Form

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Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 Page 1 of 3 October 15, 2015
1 Introduction and Site Description
This Dust Control Plan is for the Roxboro Industrial Landfill at Duke Energy’s Roxboro Steam Station.
This Plan provides dust control methods for managing dust emissions at the landfill. The Plan also
provides a monitoring program and corrective action responses to contain coal combustion residuals
(CCR) on site and to prevent dust nuisances to employees and the public. The monitoring program will
aid Duke Energy and the landfill operator in evaluating the dust control methods, or combination of dust
control methods, that prove effective with site specific conditions.

The Roxboro Industrial Landfill is principally used for CCR management. CCR predominantly consists of
fly and bottom ash. Other acceptable wastes are listed in the Landfill Operations Plan.

This Plan is included as an Appendix to the Landfill Operations Plan. Please refer to the Operations Plan
for a description of revisions as necessary.
2 Dust Control Methods
The primary potential source of dust emissions from the landfill is the active area of waste placement.
This area is at a higher risk for producing dust due to exposed ash surfaces, vehicular and equipment
traffic and earthworks such as dumping and spreading ash. Exterior landfill slopes are less of a dust
control concern, as they have intermediate or operational soil cover which is vegetated as required in the
Operations Plan.

Dust emissions from the landfill can be controlled through a variety of dust control methods. Possible
dust control methods are identified herein. Dust control methods may be characterized as products
and/or applications, structural wind breaks and/or covers, and operational methods.

Dust control methods for the landfill area include:

► Watering;
► Establishing vegetative cover;
► Mulching;
► Structural controls consisting of:
► Wind breaks (i.e. fencing and/or berms); and
► Temporary coverings (i.e. tarps);
► Spray applied dust suppressants consisting of, and not limited to:
► Anionic asphalt emulsion;
► Latex emulsion;
► Resin in water;
► Polymer based emulsion; and
► Mineral mortar coatings (i.e. posi-shell);
► Calcium chloride;
► Soil stabilizers (e.g. soil cement);
► Operational soil cover;
► Modifying the active working area; and
► Modifying operations during dry and windy conditions.

The operator may use, and is not limited to, combinations of these dust control methods or any method
that is technically sound to control dust for specific site conditions. If the operator intends to use a dust
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Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 Page 2 of 3 October 15, 2015
control method not presented above, the proposed dust control method will be evaluated on a case by
case basis to assess the effectiveness with specific site conditions. For the purposes of this Plan,
operational soil cover will be defined as soil material applied at a suitable thickness to provide dust
control. The effectiveness of the dust control methods implemented should be evaluated through a dust
monitoring program outlined in Section 3.

Operational equipment may consist of dump trucks, vibratory smooth drum rollers, sheepsfoot
compactors, bulldozers, water trucks, spray trailers, track hoes, and service trucks. Operational
equipment will be used to construct, install, apply, and/or repair dust control methods. The operator will
make provisions to alleviate any on-site issues that arise when primary equipment is being maintained or
is inoperable. In the event that the landfill site contains multiple facilities in the future, the landfill operator
will make provisions to have the necessary equipment to control multiple fugitive CCR dust emission
events.

3 Monitoring and Corrective Action Response
This section describes the dust monitoring program and suggests corrective action responses should
fugitive emissions be observed.
3.1 Monitoring
During landfill operations, a dust monitoring program will be implemented to evaluate the performance of
dust control measures. The dust monitoring program will consist of performing visual observations of dust
prone areas, dust control measures, and monitoring existing and forecasted weather conditions.

Dust emissions can occur under many conditions. For the purposes of this Plan, dust emissions are
characterized as fugitive emissions, where CCR dust may be transported outside the limit of landfill
waste. This is most likely to occur during windy, dry, and hot weather conditions. Therefore, the operator
will monitor both existing and forecasted weather conditions and use dust control measures accordingly.
The dust control measures shall be implemented prior to the forecasted weather conditions.

Equipment operators shall continuously observe the active face and other areas within the landfill limit for
dust emissions. In addition, preventative dust control measures should be observed and documented at
least twice daily (morning and afternoon) when the landfill is in operation, to evaluate the dust control
measure performance. Observations will be recorded using a form such as the one provided in Appendix
I. Additional observations may be necessary as site and weather conditions dictate.

Observations will be documented on the attached “Monitoring Worksheet,” or online database/worksheet,
etc. Due to the frequent maintenance necessary on exposed ash areas (i.e., moisture conditioning or
spray-application of dust suppressants), the operator shall pay particular attention to these areas.
Structural controls shall be observed to monitor that they are achieving their intended purpose.
Observations in the landfill area may be made with reference to the Operations Grid system shown in the
attached Figure 1.

Monitoring will be conducted during times when the landfill is in operation. The operator shall continue to
provide necessary dust control measures during periods when operations are inactive (i.e. outages,
weekends, and holidays). Operators are to establish appropriate measures so that dust emissions are
not reasonably likely to occur during inactive operation periods when monitoring is not being conducted.

3.2 Corrective Action Response
If fugitive dust emissions are observed and observations indicate dust control measures are not achieving
their intended purpose, then appropriate corrective actions will be taken. Dust control measures should
be reapplied, repaired, or added, as necessary, to control dust emissions. The operator will construct,
Dust Control Plan Duke Energy – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 Page 3 of 3 October 15, 2015
install, apply, and/or repair dust control measures prior to the end of the work day to control dust
emissions during non-operating hours. The operator will implement dust control measures as
preventative controls rather than in response to fugitive dust emissions.

FIGURES

APPENDIX I
Dust Monitoring Form
Ro
x
b
o
r
o
 In
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l

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APPENDIX II
Engineering Drawings
COVER SHEET C-0.0N
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N
C
H
)
3
H
:
1
V
(
T
A
C
K
-
O
N

B
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C
H
)
3
H
:
1
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(
L
A
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F
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S
L
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)
3H
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1
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W
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D
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M
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3
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:
1
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(
L
A
N
D
F
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S
L
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-
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B
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F
L
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L
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P
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)
2
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1
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(
T
A
C
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-
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B
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N
C
H
)
3
H
:
1
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(
T
A
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-
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B
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3
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:
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L
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D
F
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S
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3H
:
1
V
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D
R
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M
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:
1
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D
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A
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M
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N
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3H
:
1
V
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D
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M
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N
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)
18
-
I
N
.

D
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A
.

C
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D
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N
P
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18
-
I
N
.

D
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A
.

C
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C
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18
-
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N
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A
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)
2 D-1
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2
2 D-
1
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2
4
D
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2
4
D
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1
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2
3 D-
1
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2
3
D-
1
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2
NO
T
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S
:
1.

F
O
R

D
R
I
V
E
A
B
L
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D
O
W
N
P
I
P
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M
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U
N
D
S
,

W

=

1
0

F
E
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T
.
FO
R

A
L
T
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R
N
A
T
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D
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W
N
P
I
P
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M
O
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N
D
S
,

W

=

3

F
E
E
T
.
2.

A
T

T
H
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T
I
M
E

O
F

F
I
N
A
L

C
L
O
S
U
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,

R
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M
O
V
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I
S
T
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I
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T
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R
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C
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D
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N
P
I
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S
.
3.

D
O
W
N
P
I
P
E
S

S
H
A
L
L

B
E

C
P
P
,

S
M
O
O
T
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I
N
T
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R
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O
R
,

W
I
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H

W
A
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R
T
I
G
H
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J
O
I
N
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,

B
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L
L

A
N
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SP
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O
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A
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B
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C
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T

O
F
F
.
W
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N
O
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1
)
9.0'
18
.
0
'
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1
3
1
2
WASTE
1
2
-
I
N
.

I
N
T
E
R
M
E
D
I
A
T
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C
O
V
E
R
ER
O
S
I
O
N

C
O
N
T
R
O
L

B
L
A
N
K
E
T
NO
T
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S
:
1.

A
T

T
H
E

T
I
M
E

O
F

F
I
N
A
L

C
L
O
S
U
R
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,

R
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M
O
V
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E
X
I
S
T
I
N
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I
N
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R
I
M

T
A
C
K

O
N

B
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N
C
H
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S
.
1
3
1
3
12-IN. COMPACTED ABC STONE
GE
O
T
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X
T
I
L
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P
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R
A
T
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2%18
-
I
N
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L
A
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1

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R
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-
I
N
.

I
N
T
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R
I
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C
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'
5'
30'10'13
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L
SH
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L
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R
ROAD

S
H
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L
D
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R
24-IN. INTERIM COVER
SL
O
P
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VA
R
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S
WASTE
1.5
'
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1.5
'
INTERIM COVER DETAILS D-1.2
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R
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V
I
S
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S
C
R
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G
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L
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:
REVIEWED BY:SCALE:DATUM:PROJECTION:TITLE:PROJECT:DATE:DRAWING NO.REVISION NO.PROJECT NO.:DRAWN BY:
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:
28
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2
8
2
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L
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7
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4
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6
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2
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f
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.
7810-15-0381 ROXBORO INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL PHASE 6 VERTICAL EXPANSION
DU
K
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N
E
R
G
Y

P
R
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R
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IN
T
E
R
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M

C
O
V
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R

T
A
C
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-
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N

B
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N
C
H

T
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I
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N
P
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P
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S
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T
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O
N
NO
T

T
O

S
C
A
L
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2
D-
1
.
2
INTERIM COVER DOWNPIPE SECTION NOT TO SCALE5 D-1.2
IN
T
E
R
I
M

C
O
V
E
R

T
A
C
K
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O
N

B
E
N
C
H

T
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E
-
I
N

T
O

D
O
W
N
P
I
P
E
NO
T

T
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S
C
A
L
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1 D-
1
.
2
IN
T
E
R
I
M

C
O
V
E
R

T
A
C
K
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N

B
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N
C
H

S
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C
T
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N
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T

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O

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L
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3
D-
1
.
2
---INTERIM COVER ROAD NOT TO SCALE4 D-1.2
DETAIL CALLOUT X X-XXDETAIL LEGEND EXISTING COMPACTED SOIL LINER EXISTING PROTECTIVE COVER WASTE INTERMEDIATE COVER FINAL COVER VEGETATIVE SOIL COVER NCDOT 78M DRAINAGE AGGREGATE RIPRAP COMPACTED ABC STONE 40-MIL DOUBLE-SIDED TEXTURED LLDPE GEOMEMBRANE GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE LAYER GEOTEXTILE FINAL COVER GEOSYNTHETICS EXISTING CONTROL BLANKET EXISTING LINER GEOSYNTHETICS PIPE (HIDDEN)PIPE (EXPOSED)SLOPE CALLOUT 2%
NO
T
E
S
:
1.

G
E
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
T
I
C

C
O
M
P
O
N
E
N
T
S

S
H
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W
N

A
T

E
X
A
G
G
E
R
A
T
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D

S
C
A
L
E
.
2.

A
T

T
H
E

T
I
M
E

O
F

I
N
I
T
I
A
L

P
L
A
C
E
M
E
N
T
,

I
N
T
E
R
M
E
D
I
A
T
E

C
O
V
E
R

S
H
A
L
L

B
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A
B
O
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T

1
2
-
I
N
C
H
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S
TH
I
C
K
.

A
T

T
H
E

T
I
M
E

O
F

F
I
N
A
L

C
O
V
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R

C
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N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
N
,

T
H
E
R
E

S
H
A
L
L

B
E

N
O

M
I
N
I
M
U
M
TH
I
C
K
N
E
S
S

R
E
Q
U
I
R
E
M
E
N
T

F
O
R

I
N
T
E
R
M
E
D
I
A
T
E

C
O
V
E
R
.
3.

T
H
E

T
H
I
C
K
N
E
S
S

O
F

F
I
N
A
L

C
O
V
E
R

S
H
A
L
L

B
E

M
E
A
S
U
R
E
D

F
R
O
M

T
H
E

B
O
T
T
O
M

O
F

T
H
E
GE
O
M
E
M
B
R
A
N
E

(
L
I
N
E
R

S
Y
S
T
E
M

S
U
B
G
R
A
D
E
)

T
O

T
H
E

T
O
P

O
F

T
H
E

F
I
N
A
L

C
O
V
E
R
.
4.

T
H
E

T
H
I
C
K
N
E
S
S

O
F

V
E
G
E
T
A
T
I
V
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S
O
I
L

C
O
V
E
R

S
H
A
L
L

B
E

M
E
A
S
U
R
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D

F
R
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M

T
H
E

T
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P

O
F
TH
E

F
I
N
A
L

C
O
V
E
R

T
O

T
H
E

T
O
P

O
F

T
H
E

V
E
G
E
T
A
T
I
V
E

S
O
I
L

C
O
V
E
R
.
5.

V
E
G
E
T
A
T
I
V
E

S
O
I
L

C
O
V
E
R

A
N
D

F
I
N
A
L

C
O
V
E
R

M
A
Y

B
E

T
H
E

S
A
M
E

M
A
T
E
R
I
A
L

A
N
D

M
A
Y

B
E
PL
A
C
E
D

I
N

A

S
I
N
G
L
E

L
I
F
T
.
40
-
M
I
L

D
O
U
B
L
E
-
S
I
D
E
D
TE
X
T
U
R
E
D

L
L
D
P
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GE
O
M
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M
B
R
A
N
E
GE
O
C
O
M
P
O
S
I
T
E
DR
A
I
N
A
G
E

L
A
Y
E
R
6-I
N
.

V
E
G
E
T
A
T
I
V
E

S
O
I
L

C
O
V
E
R
(S
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E

N
O
T
E

4
)
18
-
I
N
.

F
I
N
A
L

C
O
V
E
R
(S
E
E

N
O
T
E

3
)
IN
T
E
R
M
E
D
I
A
T
E

C
O
V
E
R
(S
E
E

N
O
T
E

2
)
WA
S
T
E
5%20' ROAD 13
1
3
1
3
FO
R
M
E
R

L
O
C
A
T
I
O
N

O
F
IN
T
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R
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M

C
H
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N
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4
'
W

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.
5
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H
PR
E
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A
S
T

C
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N
C
R
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T
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DR
O
P

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N
L
E
T
MEET EXISTING GROUND SURFACE
FIN
A
L

C
O
V
E
R

S
Y
S
T
E
M
1 D-1
.
1
FIN
A
L

C
O
V
E
R

S
Y
S
T
E
M

G
E
O
C
O
M
P
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S
I
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U
T
L
E
T
NO
T
E
S
:
1.

T
O
E

D
R
A
I
N

W
I
L
L

B
E

6
"

C
P
P

P
E
R
F
O
R
A
T
E
D

P
I
P
E

E
M
B
E
D
D
E
D

I
N

N
o
.
7
8

S
T
O
N
E
.

L
O
W

P
O
I
N
T
S

O
F

T
O
E

D
R
A
I
N

W
I
L
L

O
U
T
L
E
T

T
O

T
H
E

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A
S
T
.
3 D-2
.
3
EX
I
S
T
I
N
G

C
O
M
P
A
C
T
E
D

S
O
I
L

L
I
N
E
R
EX
I
S
T
I
N
G

L
I
N
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R

S
Y
S
T
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M

G
E
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
T
I
C
S
EX
I
S
T
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G

P
R
O
T
E
C
T
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C
O
V
E
R
(W
A
S
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E
D

Q
U
A
R
R
Y

S
C
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E
N
I
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G
S
)
WA
S
T
E
12-IN. THICKNESS OF ABC UNDERLAIN BY GEOTEXTILE LIMIT OF STRUCTURAL FILL CAP MARKER DOWNPIPE CONTINUES TO OUTLET1.5 FT. COVER OVER PIPE
LI
M
I
T

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F

W
A
S
T
E
MA
R
K
E
R
LIM
I
T

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F

L
I
N
E
R
MA
R
K
E
R
6'
10
'
1
1
18
"

D
I
A
.

D
R
-
1
7
HD
P
E

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O
W
N
P
I
P
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TO
E

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R
A
I
N
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E

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O
T
E

1
)
EX
T
R
U
S
I
O
N
WE
L
D
GEOMEMBRANE UNDER DOWNPIPE MAY BE LOWERED AS NEEDED
LL
D
P
E
GE
O
M
E
M
B
R
A
N
E
6'
FINAL COVER DETAILS D-2.1
IS
S
U
E
/
R
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V
I
S
I
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N

D
E
S
C
R
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I
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G
.

A
P
P
R
.
CL
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L
O
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:
REVIEWED BY:SCALE:DATUM:PROJECTION:TITLE:PROJECT:DATE:DRAWING NO.REVISION NO.PROJECT NO.:DRAWN BY:
CL
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T
:
28
0
1

Y
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A
D
,

S
U
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1
0
0
CH
A
R
L
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T
T
E
,

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C

2
8
2
0
8
TE
L
:

(
7
0
4
)

3
5
7
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8
6
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A
X
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7
0
4
)

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5
7
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8
6
3
8
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S
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:

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C

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N
G
.

F
-
1
2
5
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C

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E
O
L
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Y
:

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c

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f
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a
s
t
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t
u
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e
,

I
n
c
.
7810-15-0381 ROXBORO INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL PHASE 6 VERTICAL EXPANSION
DU
K
E

E
N
E
R
G
Y

P
R
O
G
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1
---
DETAIL CALLOUT X X-XXDETAIL LEGEND WASTE INTERMEDIATE COVER FINAL COVER VEGETATIVE SOIL COVER NCDOT 78M DRAINAGE AGGREGATE RIPRAP AGGREGATE BASE COURSE (ABC)40-MIL DOUBLE-SIDED TEXTURED LLDPE GEOMEMBRANE GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE LAYER GEOTEXTILE FINAL COVER GEOSYNTHETICS EROSION CONTROL BLANKET PIPE (HIDDEN)PIPE (EXPOSED)SLOPE CALLOUT 2%
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R
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R
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3
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T
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S
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R
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A
B
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M
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A
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M
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H
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C
K
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S
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18-IN. DIA. CPP DOWNPIPE (SEE NOTES 2 AND 3)1 D-2.1EROSION CONTROL BLANKET (TYP.)(SEE NOTE 4)9.0'
18
.
0
'
4.5'4.5'FINAL COVER SYSTEM GEOCOMPOSITE OUTLET 13 13
1
3
1
2
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I
N
T
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R
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M

C
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D-
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T
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28
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T
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-
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2
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N
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R

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A
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C
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1 D-
2
.
2
FI
N
A
L

C
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R

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A
C
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-
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T
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NO
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T
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S
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2
D-
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.
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FI
N
A
L

C
O
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R

D
O
W
N
P
I
P
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S
E
C
T
I
O
N
NO
T

T
O

S
C
A
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D-
2
.
2
FI
N
A
L

C
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R

T
A
C
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B
E
N
C
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S
E
C
T
I
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N
NO
T

T
O

S
C
A
L
E
4 D-
2
.
2
---
DETAIL CALLOUT X X-XXDETAIL LEGEND WASTE INTERMEDIATE COVER FINAL COVER VEGETATIVE SOIL COVER RIPRAP AGGREGATE BASE COURSE (ABC)40-MIL DOUBLE-SIDED TEXTURED LLDPE GEOMEMBRANE GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE LAYER GEOTEXTILE FINAL COVER GEOSYNTHETICS EROSION CONTROL BLANKET PIPE (HIDDEN)PIPE (EXPOSED)SLOPE CALLOUT2%
10
.
0
'
4.0
'
1.0
'
FINAL COVER SYSTEM
1
3
1
3
WA
S
T
E
IN
T
E
R
M
E
D
I
A
T
E

C
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(
N
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I
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NO
T
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S
:
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T

T
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T
I
M
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D
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DROP INLET (36" DIA.DR-32.5 HDPE PIPE WITH ANTI-VORTEX PLATE AND TRASH RACK)GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE LAYER 40-MIL TEXTURED LLDPE GEOMEMBRANE
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DETAIL CALLOUT X X-XXDETAIL LEGEND WASTE INTERMEDIATE COVER FINAL COVER VEGETATIVE SOIL COVER NCDOT 78M DRAINAGE AGGREGATE RIPRAP COMPACTED ABC STONE 40-MIL DOUBLE-SIDED TEXTURED LLDPE GEOMEMBRANE GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE LAYER GEOTEXTILE FINAL COVER GEOSYNTHETICS EROSION CONTROL BLANKET PIPE (HIDDEN)PIPE (EXPOSED)SLOPE CALLOUT 2%6" CPP PERFORATED UNDERDRAIN EMBEDDED IN NO. 78 STONE (DRAIN TO DOWNPIPE OR DRAINAGE CHANNEL)GEOTEXTILE SEPARATOR (WRAP AROUND STONE)GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE LAYER 40-MIL TEXTURED LLDPE GEOMEMBRANE GEOTEXTILE CUSHIONWASTE
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NOTES:1.

C
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ELECTROFUSION COUPLINGS OR SLIP COUPLINGS SECURED WITH 8 SCREWS MINIMUM.2.

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AROUND THE CIRCUMFERENCE. THEN WRAP WITH 3-FT WIDTH OF HYBRID GEOTEXTILE SECURED WITH NYLON CABLE TIES AROUND THE CIRCUMFERENCE. HYBRID GEOTEXTILE SHALL BE NOMINAL 13 OZ/SY COMPOSITE OF NEEDLE PUNCHED NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILE MATERIAL. SINGLE-SIDED GEONET/HYBRID GEOTEXTILE COMPOSITE MAY BE USED.4.

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4
5
DEGREES AROUND THE PIPE CIRCUMFERENCE FOR A TOTAL OF 8 HOLES EVERY 3 INCHES.6.

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BOTTOM ASH AND 78M AGGREGATE WILL BE SEPARATED BY A 1' THICK LAYER OF ASTM C-33 FINE AGGREGATE.
1.0
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BOTTOM ASH FOR 5' RADIUS BEYOND PIPE8" PERFORATED DR17 HDPE PIPE (SEE NOTE 5)1% (MIN.)
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FILTER WRAP (SEE NOTE 3)WASTE 8" NON-PERFORATED DR17 HDPE COLLECTOR PIPE (SEE NOTE 4)ASTM C-33 FINE AGGREGATE8" PERFORATED DR17 HDPE PIPE (SEE NOTE 5)1.0' TYP.ALTERNATE1% (MIN.)2.5'2.5'1% (MIN.)NCDOT 78M AGGREGATE 90° ELBOW, 8"Ø DR17 HDPE
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ROCK RIPRAP d50 = VARIES UNDERLAIN WITH 8 OZ/SY NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILE ROCK RIP-RAP 8 OZ/SY NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILE RIP RAP OUTLET PROTECTION 2 D-4.1L₂FLARED END SECTION RIP RAP (D 50)1M 1MB D X (MIN.)GEOTEXTILE SEPARATOR (SEE NOTE 1)1 1MB DM ROLLED EROSION CONTROL PRODUCT (RECP)(SEE NOTE 2) RIP RAP LINED CHANNELS RECP LINED CHANNELS
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7810-15-0381 ROXBORO INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL PHASE 6 VERTICAL EXPANSION
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2.

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1
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1
5

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I
A
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Y

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3.

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“FACILITY PLAN PHASE 1-5” PREPARED BY BLACKROCK ENGINEERS DATED AUGUST 16, 2013, CONVERTED TO NAD83/NAVD88.4.

L
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I
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6

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“RECORD SURVEY - TOP OF PROTECTIVE COVER - 0-7021” PREPARED BY BLACKROCK ENGINEERS, DATED SEPTEMBER 24, 2014, CONVERTED TO NAD83/NAVD88.5.

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OBTAINED FROM DRAWING ENTITLED “BASE GRADING PLAN” PREPARED BY GARY W. AHLBERG, P.E., DATED MAY 17,2002, CONVERTED TO NAD83/NAVD88.6.

T
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ENTITLED "GRADING PLAN LINER GRADES AND LEACHATE COLLECTION PLAN", REV. 3, RECORD ISSUE, PREPARED BY BLACKROCK ENGINEERS DATED OCTOBER 9, 2014.7.

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CONDITIONS FROM DECEMBER 2012, AS SHOWN IN A DRAWING ENTITLED "SEASONAL HIGH POTENTIOMETER MAP 0-7021", PREPARED BY BLACKROCK ENGINEERS, DATED AUGUST 16, 2013.8.

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S
T
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"ROXBORO STEAM ELECTRIC PLANT DRY FLY ASH MODIFICATION GENERAL SITE ARRANGEMENT PLAN" PREPARED BY CAROLINA POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY, REV. 4, DATED NOVEMBER 15, 1990.LEGENDNOTES1.

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FEATURES RESULTING IN DISTORTED SLOPES AND DISTANCES WHEN COMPARED TO (NORMAL) PLAN DIMENSIONS.FINAL COVER GRADE CURRENTLY PERMITTED FINAL COVER GRADE LINER GRADE HISTORIC PRE-BASIN TOPOGRAPHY SEASONAL HIGH GROUNDWATER EXISTING GRADE
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APPENDIX III

Closure/Post-Closure Plan

Prepared
For:
Duke Energy Progress, LLC
526 S. Church St. Charlotte, NC 28202
Date October 15, 2015
Prepared
By:
Amec Foster Wheeler
2801 Yorkmont Rd., Charlotte, NC 28208

Closure and Post-Closure Plan

Roxboro Industrial Landfill (SW Permit No. 7302)

Duke Energy Progress– Roxboro Steam Station

Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 TOC October 15, 2015
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Information ........................................................................................................................ 1
2 CLOSURE PLAN ................................................................................................................................... 1
2.1 Description of Cover System ......................................................................................................... 1
2.1.1 Vegetative Soil Cover ................................................................................................................ 1
2.1.2 Final Cover Soil ......................................................................................................................... 1
2.1.3 Geocomposite Drainage Layer ................................................................................................. 1
2.1.4 Geomembrane .......................................................................................................................... 1
2.1.5 Intermediate Cover .................................................................................................................... 1
2.2 Gas Management System ............................................................................................................. 2
2.3 Stormwater Management System ................................................................................................. 2
2.4 Largest Area Requiring Cover System ......................................................................................... 2
2.5 Estimated Maximum Waste Inventory........................................................................................... 2
2.6 Closure Schedule .......................................................................................................................... 2
3 POST-CLOSURE PLAN ........................................................................................................................ 3
3.1 Maintenance Activities .................................................................................................................. 3
3.2 Inspection Activities ....................................................................................................................... 3
3.2.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring............................................................................. 3
3.3 Facility Contact Information ........................................................................................................... 3
3.4 Anticipated Post-Closure Use ....................................................................................................... 4
3.5 Cost Estimate for Closure and Post-Closure Activities ................................................................. 4
3.6 Certification ................................................................................................................................... 4

List of Figures

Figure 1 Site Map

List of Appendices
Appendix I Post-Closure Inspection Form
Appendix II Cost Estimate for Closure and Post-Closure Activities

Closure & Post Closure Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 Page 1 of 4 October 15, 2015
1 Introduction
This Closure and Post-Closure Plan is being submitted as part of the Phase 6 Vertical Expansion
Application and was prepared for the Roxboro Industrial Landfill in accordance with Title 15A Subchapter
13B of the North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC) to meet the requirements of .0503(2), .0504(2),
and .0505 for industrial landfills. The information contained in this plan will be used to assist Duke Energy
Progress (Duke) in the closure of the landfill and the maintenance and monitoring required during the
post-closure care period.
1.1 Project Information
The Roxboro Industrial Landfill consists of Phases 1 through 6 totaling approximately 93 acres of lined
area. A vertical expansion of Phase 6 is proposed. The general location of the Roxboro Industrial Landfill
is shown on Figure 1.

2 Closure Plan
The landfill cover system has been designed to reduce infiltration into the landfill and to resist erosion.
The proposed landfill cover system components, size, and closure schedule are described in the following
sections of this report.
2.1 Description of Cover System
The proposed cover system will consist of the following components, from top to bottom:
► 6-inch thick vegetative soil cover;
► 18-inch thick final cover soil;
► Geocomposite drainage layer;
► 40-mil thick double-sided textured linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) geomembrane; and
► Intermediate soil cover layer (no minimum thickness).

2.1.1 Vegetative Soil Cover
The vegetative soil layer will consist of 6 inches of soil materials capable of sustaining vegetation, which
will promote the integrity of the cover system by resisting erosion.
2.1.2 Final Cover Soil
The final cover soil layer will consist of 18 inches of soil materials. The final cover soil layer will protect
the geosynthetic components of the cover system from exposure.
2.1.3 Geocomposite Drainage Layer
A geocomposite drainage layer will be located beneath the final cover soil layer. The geocomposite will
promote veneer stability and reduce infiltration through the closed landfill by conveying infiltration to
regularly spaced geocomposite outlets.
2.1.4 Geomembrane
A 40-mil thick double-sided textured LLDPE geomembrane barrier will be installed between the
geocomposite drainage layer and the interim cover to minimize infiltration through the closed landfill. The
geomembrane will have texturing on both sides to improve veneer stability.
2.1.5 Intermediate Cover
A 12-inch thick intermediate soil cover will be placed during landfill operations prior to cover system
construction. At the time of final closure, there is no minimum thickness of intermediate cover required.
Closure & Post Closure Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 Page 2 of 4 October 15, 2015
2.2 Gas Management System
The majority of waste disposed in the Roxboro Industrial Landfill will consist CCR materials consisting of
fly ash and bottom ash. Based on the nature of CCR materials and our experience it is not anticipated
that landfill gases such as methane or hydrogen sulfide gas will be generated or that nuisance odors will
be an issue. Therefore, Duke does not propose monitoring for landfill gas or landfill gas management
measures.
2.3 Stormwater Management System
The proposed Roxboro Industrial Landfill is designed with stormwater conveyances to manage runoff for
active landfill operations, interim closure, and final closure conditions. Upon final closure, stormwater will
be collected by tack-on benches and conveyed to a series of down pipes which will discharge to the
perimeter channel system. Plans and details illustrating the stormwater management system are
provided in the Engineering Plan drawings.
2.4 Largest Area Requiring Cover System
The proposed Roxboro Industrial Landfill will be operated until closure. The largest area requiring cover
system construction is the entire footprint of the proposed landfill which is approximately 93 acres in plan
area.
2.5 Estimated Maximum Waste Inventory
The proposed landfill design provides approximately 9,412,000 cubic yards of gross capacity as
measured from the top of the protective cover soil to the top of final cover.
2.6 Closure Schedule
Following the completion of waste placement, a final cover system will be constructed. The primary
purpose of a final cover system is to minimize infiltration into the waste. The proposed final cover system
cross section is presented in the Engineering Plan Drawings.
Final closure of the landfill will commence when final design grades are achieved, Duke declares that no
more waste will be accepted, or as directed by the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (NCDENR) Division of Waste Management – Solid Waste Section (the Division).
Duke may elect to close the landfill incrementally during landfill operations once an area large enough to
warrant cover system construction has reached final grades. Prior to beginning closure of the proposed
landfill, the Owner or Operator shall notify the Division that a notice of intent to close the landfill has been
placed in the operating record.
Closure activities for the landfill shall begin no later than 30 days after final receipt of waste unless
otherwise approved by the Division or, if the landfill has remaining capacity and there is a reasonable
likelihood that the landfill will receive additional wastes, no later than one year after the most recent
receipt of wastes. Extensions beyond the one-year deadline for beginning closure may be granted by the
Division if the Owner or Operator demonstrates that the landfill has the capacity to receive additional
wastes and the Owner or Operator has taken and will continue to take the steps necessary to prevent
threats to human health and the environment from the unclosed landfill.
The final cover system will be finished within 180 days following the beginning of closure activities unless
otherwise approved by the Division. Extensions of the closure period may be granted by the Division if
the Owner or Operator demonstrates that closure will, of necessity, take longer than 180 days and they
have taken and will continue to take the necessary steps to prevent threats to human health and the
environment from the unclosed landfill unit. The final cover system for the closed phase will be certified
by a professional engineer as being completed. Duke Energy shall record a notation on the deed to the
landfill property stating that the property has been used as a landfill and its use is restricted under the
Closure/Post-Closure Plan approved by the Division. The Division will be notified by Duke Energy of the
closure completion, certification, deed notation, and placement of these records into the landfill’s
operating record.
Closure & Post Closure Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 Page 3 of 4 October 15, 2015
Following cover system construction, the landfill will be vegetated with grass and maintained. If the
landfill must be closed prior to reaching the final contours, the surface of the landfill will be sloped to a
minimum grade of 5 percent and maximum grade of 33.33 percent (3H:1V). A final cover will be
established over the landfill unit being closed. The maximum waste-filled area of the proposed landfill
that would require closure operations at any one time is approximately 93 acres in plan area, which is the
entire footprint of the proposed Roxboro Industrial Landfill.

3 Post-Closure Plan
The Post-Closure Plan outlines the monitoring and maintenance activities intended to maintain cover
system integrity during the post-closure care period. Consistent with the requirements of MSW landfill
rules, the proposed post-closure period is 30 years. During the post-closure period, the landfill cover
system and related facilities must be monitored and maintained.
3.1 Maintenance Activities
Maintenance activities will be conducted as soon as practical to address items of concern identified during
monitoring events. Mowing will occur at a minimum once per year, other maintenance activities will be
performed as needed and are anticipated to include the following:
► Filling in animal burrows and re-locating the animal;
► Localized placement of fill to prevent ponding of water caused by differential settlement;
► Removal of trees or brushy vegetation within the cover system limits;
► Application of seed and soil amendments to maintain a healthy vegetative cover; and
► Repair of stormwater conveyance measures.
Any disturbed areas will be seeded and soil amendments applied as necessary to establish a healthy
vegetative cover.
3.2 Inspection Activities
Post-closure inspection events will be conducted quarterly for the first two years and semi-annually
thereafter during the post-closure care period. Post-closure inspections will include a review of the
following:
► The condition of site security features such as gates and/or fencing;
► Evidence of erosion, settlement, and/or animal burrows within the cover system;
► Type and quality of vegetation within the cover system;
► Evidence of erosion and integrity of stormwater conveyance features; and
► Integrity of the leachate collection and removal system (LCRS).
The inspection events will be documented. The form included in Appendix I may be used. Completed
post-closure inspection forms will be maintained in the facility operating record.
3.2.1 Groundwater and Surface Water Monitoring
Groundwater and surface water monitoring requirements are described in the Monitoring Plan dated
August 2013.
3.3 Facility Contact Information
Duke will be responsible for post-closure inspections, maintenance and monitoring. Correspondence
regarding the Roxboro Industrial Landfill should be directed to:
Duke Energy Progress, LLC
Roxboro Steam Station
1700 Dunnaway Road
Semora, North Carolina 27343
Closure & Post Closure Plan Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 Page 4 of 4 October 15, 2015
[phone]
System Owner for Landfill Operations
The physical address of the Roxboro Industrial Landfill is the same as above.
3.4 Anticipated Post-Closure Use
The Roxboro Industrial Landfill will be vegetated following closure. Site access to the public will remain
restricted throughout landfill closure and the post-closure care period. There are no current anticipated
post-closure uses for the Roxboro Industrial Landfill. Duke Energy will obtain approval from NCDENR if a
proposed post-closure use is identified.
3.5 Cost Estimate for Closure and Post-Closure Activities
Preliminary cost estimates for landfill closure and for post-closure care activities are presented in
Appendix II. In accordance with North Carolina Solid Waste Management Rules, Duke Energy Progress
provides financial assurance in the form of the Corporate Financial Test. Cost estimates for financial
assurance will be updated annually to incorporate changes to unit costs and changes in closed landfill
area.
3.6 Certification
Consistent with regulations, the end of the closure/post-closure care period must be certified by a
registered professional engineer. To accomplish certification over the required 30-year duration, a
registered professional engineer will prepare annual certifications. The annual certifications will document
that the cover system has been monitored and maintained in accordance with the Post-Closure Plan.
The annual certifications shall be based on observations and results documented on regular post-closure
monitoring reports, maintenance records, and compliance monitoring reports maintained in the Operating
Record.

Quantity1 Unit Cost2 Total
Final Cover System
Remove 18" of Existing 24" Cover over 22.0 AC 53,200 CY 8.00$          425,600$        
Remove 6" of Existing 12" Cover over 72.4 AC 58,400 CY 8.00$          467,200$        
Fine Grading for Geomembrane Subgrade 94.4 AC 3,800.00$  358,720$        
Vegetative Layer (6" thick)76,100 CY 11.00$        837,100$        
Protective Cover (18" thick)228,400 CY 5.50$          1,256,200$    
Drainage Geocomposite 4,112,000 SF 0.98$          4,029,760$    
40‐mil Text. LLDPE Geomembrane 4,112,000 SF 0.63$          2,590,560$    
Temporary Erosion Control 94.4 AC 4,300.00$  405,920$        
Stormwater Management3
Grass‐Lined Channels (benches)9,300 LF 24.00$        223,200$        
Tack‐On Benches 9,200 LF 35.00$        322,000$        
Perimeter Channel 3,400 LF 30.00$        102,000$        
Slope Drains (18" CPP)8,700 LF 35.00$        304,500$        
Rip Rap Outlet Protection 4 EA 2,000.00$  8,000$            
Drainage Inlets 43 EA 3,500.00$  150,500$        
North & West Ramp and Top Deck Road Stone (30 
ft x 3165 ft, 1.5 TN/LF)4,700 TN 38.00$         178,600$        
Perimeter Road Stone (20 ft x 2394 ft, 1.5 TN/LF)3,600 TN 38.00$        136,800$        
Perimeter Road Stone (30 ft x 1348 ft, 1.5 TN/LF) 2,000 TN 38.00$        76,000$          
North & West Ramp and Top Deck Road Rip Rap 
Channels 2,700 LF 36.00$         97,200$          
Surveying 94.4 AC 1,400.00$  132,160$        
Permanent Vegetative Stabilization 94.4 AC 1,800.00$  169,920$        
Subtotal 12,271,940$  
Mobilization (5% of Subtotal)613,597$        
Engineering and CQA (12% of Subtotal)1,472,633$    
Contingency (15% of Subtotal)1,840,791$    
TOTAL 16,198,961$  
COST PER ACRE 171,599.16$  
Notes:
1. Areas include slope correction factor of 1.03.
2. Costs are based on 2015 dollars.
3. It is assumed that existing slope drains, inlet structures and rip rap outlet protection will replaced at
     the time of final cover construction. However, structures in good condition may remain in service.
October 2015
Table 1
Closure Cost Estimate
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Phases 1‐6
Permit No. 7302
Semora, North Carolina
Quantity Unit Unit Cost1 Annual Cost
Compliance Monitoring Reporting2
Reporting and Administration 1 LS 9,500$      9,500$          
Compliance Monitoring Sampling and Analytical (semi‐annual)2
Groundwater3 6 Well 1,500$       9,000$          
Leachate4 6 Location 500$          3,000$          
Maintenance (annual)
Fencing, Gates, Signs, etc.1 LS 1,000$      1,000$          
Access Roads 1 LS 5,000$      5,000$          
Mowing 94.4 AC 100$         9,440$          
Stormwater Structures 1 LS 5,000$      5,000$          
Leachate Collection Pipe Cleaning and 
Camera Inspection5
Every 5th 
Year Event 17,500$     3,500$          
Groundwater Monitoring Wells 1 LS 3,000$      3,000$          
Final Cover System6 94.4 AC 1,500$       141,600$      
Annual Permit Fee 1 EA 500$         500$              
Subtotal 190,540$      
Mobilization (5% of Subtotal)9,527$          
Engineering and CQA (12% of Subtotal)22,865$        
Contingency (15% of Subtotal)28,581$        
ANNUAL TOTAL 251,513$      
30‐YEAR TOTAL 7,545,384$  
Notes:
1. Costs are based on 2015 dollars.
2. The sampling, analytical and reporting costs are based on actual 2015 costs.
3. The monitored wells are GMW‐6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
4. All leachate discharge points (LP‐1 through LP‐6) are monitored.
5. It is assumed that a post‐closure pipe cleaning schedule of every 5 years will be approved.
6. Final cover system maintenance assumes erosion repair and seeding for 25 percent of
     the cover annually.
October 2015
Table 2
Post‐Closure Cost Estimate
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Phases 1‐6
Permit No. 7302
Semora, North Carolina
Quantity Unit Unit Cost1 Annual Cost
Assessment Monitoring Reporting
Reporting and Administration2 1 LS 19,000$        19,000$            
Assessment Monitoring Sampling and Analytical (annual)
Groundwater3,4 6 Well 1,500$          9,000$              
Subtotal 28,000$            
Contingency (15% of Subtotal)4,200$              
ANNUAL TOTAL 32,200$            
30‐YEAR TOTAL 966,000$         
REQUIRED MINIMUM 2,000,000$      
Notes:
1. Costs are based on 2015 dollars.
2. The assessment reporting cost is assumed to be twice the cost for routine reporting.
3. The monitored wells are GMW‐6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
4. The assessment sampling and analytical costs are estimated to be twice the routine cost per well. 
October 2015
Table 3
Potential Assessment and Corrective Active Costs
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Phases 1‐6
Permit No. 7302
Semora, North Carolina

APPENDIX IV

Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

Prepared
For:
Duke Energy Progress, LLC
526 S. Church St. Charlotte, NC 28202
Date October 15, 2015
Prepared
By:
Amec Foster Wheeler
2801 Yorkmont Rd., Charlotte, NC 28208

Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

Roxboro Industrial Landfill (SW Permit No. 7302)

Duke Energy Progress– Roxboro Steam Station

Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 TOC October 15, 2015
Table of Contents
1 STATEMENT OF PURPOSE ................................................................................................................ 1
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION & IMPACTS ................................................................................................ 1
3 SLOPE FAILURE IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA ................................................................................... 1
3.1 Alert Status .................................................................................................................................... 1
3.2 Emergency Status ......................................................................................................................... 1
4 NOTIFICATION SEQUENCE ................................................................................................................ 2

Emergency Response Plan (ERP) Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 Page 1 of 2 October 15, 2015
1 Statement of Purpose
The purpose of this Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is to provide guidance to identify potential slope
failure events of the Roxboro Industrial Landfill, and minimize their impacts within the Roxboro Steam
Station property owned by Duke Energy Progress, LLC (Duke Energy).

This ERP establishes slope instability identification criteria, identifies emergency response entities,
identifies impacted areas, establishes procedures for notification and provides contact information for
emergency notifications. This ERP provides a framework for consistent and appropriate response to
slope failure events, should they occur. Implementation and familiarity with the elements of the ERP will
reduce the risk associated with landfill operations and help to mitigate impacts resulting from slope failure
events, should they occur.
2 Project Description & Impacts
The landfill is located on the Duke Energy – Roxboro Steam Station property, southeast of the Roxboro
Steam Plant and partially within the footprint of the filled east ash pond. Waste fill heights are expected to
be on the order of 150 feet with slopes constructed at 3 (horizontal) to 1 (vertical) slopes.

The landfill is bounded by Roxboro Steam Station property on all sides. Potentially impacted areas are
located on Duke Energy’s Roxboro Steam Station property.
3 Slope Failure Identification Criteria
3.1 Alert Status
The following conditions indicate a potential emergency situation. If one or more of these conditions are
observed, the owner should initiate Notification Sequence 1 immediately:

► Cracking on landfill slope faces;
► Bulging on landfill slope faces;
► Wet spots, seepage, or flow emerging from or near the landfill slope faces; and
► Shallow sloughing up to about three feet deep.

While under Alert Status, the owner shall continuously monitor slope conditions of the landfill. The owner
shall communicate regularly with North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ)
personnel and the Engineer. The owner shall evaluate if conditions warrant a transition to Emergency
Status, and notify the emergency management authorities.

3.2 Emergency Status
The following conditions indicate slope failure is possible. If one or more of these conditions is observed,
the owner should initiate Notification Sequence 2 immediately:

► Slope faces in the process of cracking, sliding, or sloughing.
► Turbid seepage (that is, muddy seepage) and or boils emerging from the landfill slope faces
or structural fill below the landfill.
Emergency Response Plan (ERP) Duke Energy Progress, LLC – Roxboro Steam Station
Roxboro Industrial Landfill Semora, Person County, North Carolina

Amec Foster Wheeler Project No. 7810150381 Page 2 of 2 October 15, 2015
4 Notification Sequence
Sequence 1: If one of the Alert Conditions listed in Section 3.1 of this plan has been observed, but
slope failure does not appear imminent then the following notification sequence is
followed by the Owner:

Sequence 2: If one of the Emergency Conditions listed in Section 3.2 of this plan is occurring or
slope failure appears to be otherwise imminent, the following notification sequence is
followed by the Owner:

In the event of an Emergency Condition, if directed by the station, assemble at the designated
Assembly Area.